WO2017071161A1 - 含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂、制备方法及用途 - Google Patents

含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂、制备方法及用途 Download PDF

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WO2017071161A1
WO2017071161A1 PCT/CN2016/078811 CN2016078811W WO2017071161A1 WO 2017071161 A1 WO2017071161 A1 WO 2017071161A1 CN 2016078811 W CN2016078811 W CN 2016078811W WO 2017071161 A1 WO2017071161 A1 WO 2017071161A1
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flame retardant
resin
group
halogen
substituted
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PCT/CN2016/078811
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French (fr)
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王永珍
何岳山
杨中强
苏晓声
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广东生益科技股份有限公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/04Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as impregnant, bonding, or embedding substance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/5399Phosphorus bound to nitrogen
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/03Use of materials for the substrate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a halogen-free flame retardant, in particular to a cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure and a preparation method thereof, and the invention provides an imide structure-containing cyclotriphosphazene
  • the halogen-free flame retardant has a synergistic flame retardant effect inside the molecule, and is a cyclotriphosphazene self-effect halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure, which can be used for halogen-free flame retardant modification of thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin.
  • the so-called self-coupling halogen-free flame retardant means a synergistic flame retardant effect inside the flame retardant molecule.
  • the cyclotriphosphazene flame retardant is commonly used for flame retardant modification of epoxy resin, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, ABS and the like because of its non-toxicity, low smoke and low moisture absorption.
  • most of the existing cyclotriphosphazene flame retardants such as hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexamethylol phenoxycyclotriphosphazene, etc., the synergistic efficiency of the P and N elements in the molecule is not obvious, and the flame retardant The flame retardant effect of the agent is not good.
  • CN104478934A and CN101560227 respectively disclose a cyclotriphosphazene flame retardant containing a dioxyheterocyclic phosphate, which provides an acid source for the cyclotriphosphazene by using a dioxyheterocyclic phosphate to improve the flame retardant efficiency of the cyclotriphosphazene flame retardant.
  • the water resistance and heat resistance of the dioxyheterocyclic phosphate are not ideal, which is disadvantageous for its application in fields requiring high water resistance and heat resistance.
  • Phosphorus-containing aromatic compound containing PH bond represented by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO for short), because of its good heat resistance and hydrolysis resistance , non-volatile, with polymer phase Good compatibility and other advantages, commonly used in the synthesis of cyclotriphosphazene self-coupling flame retardant with cyclotriphosphazene.
  • DOPO 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide
  • CN104262399A discloses the preparation of a diradical compound based on phosphaphenanthrene and phosphazene groups by reacting DOPO with hexa-(epoxypropyl)cyclotriphosphazene; CN104262399A discloses the preparation of DOPO and aldehyde-containing cyclic triphosphazene.
  • the phosphophenanthroline halogen-free flame retardant disclosed in CN101993456A has the following structure:
  • CN104403128A discloses a phosphorus-containing flame retardant containing a phosphazene/DOPO double-base structure, and the structural formula is as follows:
  • the flame retardant efficiency of the flame retardant is remarkably improved, but the heat resistance of the polymer material is significantly lowered, especially the initial degradation temperature.
  • the flame retardant modified epoxy cured product reported by the patent CN101993456A, although the flame retardancy of the cured product reaches UL 94V-0 when the phosphorus content in the epoxy cured product is 1.2 wt%, the curing is achieved. The weight loss temperature of 1% of the material was lowered by 72 °C. Therefore, the current research report of cyclotriphosphazene flame retardant in the preparation of high performance flame retardant Molecular materials are not suitable.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a cyclotriphosphazene self-efficiency halogen-free flame retardant containing three structures of a phosphorus-containing aromatic compound, an imide and a cyclotriphosphazene, which has good thermal stability and char formation. High rate and high flame retardant efficiency.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is a cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure having the structure of the formula (1):
  • R has a structure wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from an aromatic group, an aryloxy group; and R' is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group.
  • a cyclotriphosphazene The structure can have a total of 6 groups, and the 6 groups must contain one The remaining 5 groups can be arbitrarily selected from A typical but non-limiting structure of formula (1) is:
  • R 1 and R 2 of the present invention are directly or not directly linked by a covalent bond, including a fused bond through an oxygen bridge or through an aromatic ring.
  • the direct connection of R 1 and R 2 by a covalent bond in the present invention means that any two atoms from the R 1 and R 2 groups are directly linked, instead of being linked through other atoms, and benzene is typically used as an aromatic group.
  • the covalent bond direct connection method is Any one or a combination of at least two of them.
  • R 1 and R 2 of the present invention are bonded via an oxygen bridge, meaning that any two atoms from the R 1 and R 2 groups, respectively, are bonded to the same oxygen atom, and benzene is used as an aromatic group.
  • the bridge connection method is Any one or a combination of at least two of them.
  • the fused connection of R 1 and R 2 through the aromatic ring of the present invention means that the aromatic rings of the R 1 and R 2 groups are linked together by condensing, and benzene is used as a typical fused group.
  • Way is Any one or a combination of at least two of them.
  • said R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from phenyl and/or phenoxy.
  • the R is selected from any one of the following structures or a combination of at least two:
  • said R' is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl, preferably from phenyl, naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted p-alkylphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted p-cycloalkylphenyl, substituted or Unsubstituted p-nitrobenzene
  • Any one or a combination of at least two of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted p-aryloxyphenyl group, a group, a substituted or an unsubstituted, or a non-substituted aryloxyphenyl group is further preferably one or at least one of the following structures.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure according to one of the objects, the method comprising the steps of:
  • R' is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups.
  • the PH-containing phosphorus-containing aromatic compound in the step (2) is RH, wherein R has a structure wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from any one of an aromatic group and an aryloxy group or a combination of at least two; said R 1 and R 2 are not directly bonded or pass a covalent bond Directly connected, either through an oxygen bridge or through a thickened connection of aromatic rings.
  • said R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from phenyl and/or phenoxy.
  • the R is selected from any one of the following structures or a combination of at least two:
  • the PH-containing phosphorus-containing aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of diphenylphosphine oxide (abbreviated as BPP), 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (referred to as DOPO) , 1,8-Dinaphthyl-1,3,2-dioxacyclophosphine (abbreviated as NDPO), 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphazenium-10-oxide (DOPO for short).
  • BPP diphenylphosphine oxide
  • DOPO 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide
  • DOPO 1,8-Dinaphthyl-1,3,2-dioxacyclophosphine
  • DOPO 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphazenium-10-oxide
  • the acid binding agent described in the step (3) is selected from any one of triethylamine, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and pyridine.
  • R' in the R'-OH phenol of step (3) is selected from R' selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl, preferably from phenyl, naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted p-alkylphenyl , substituted or unsubstituted p-cycloalkylphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted p-nitrophenyl, substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclylphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted p-aryloxyphenyl Any one or a combination of at least two is further preferably selected from any one of the following structures or a combination of at least two:
  • the R'-OH phenol in the step (3) is selected from any one of phenol, 2-naphthol, p-piperidinol, cyclohexylphenol, 4-phenoxyphenol, and p-nitrophenol.
  • the method for synthesizing p-hydroxyphenyl maleimide according to step (1) is:
  • the phosphorus pentoxide powder is added in an amount of 10 to 25 wt%, such as 12 wt%, 15 wt%, 18 wt%, 20 wt%, 22 wt%, 24 wt%, etc., of the total mass of maleic anhydride and p-aminophenol.
  • the concentrated sulfuric acid is used in an amount of 6 to 20% by weight based on the total mass of maleic anhydride and p-aminophenol, for example, 7 wt%, 10 wt%, 13 wt%, 16 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, and the like.
  • the reflux reaction time in the step (2) is 4 to 10 h, for example, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, 9 h, and the like.
  • the washing solvent to be washed in the step (2) is ethyl acetate.
  • the vacuum drying temperature in the step (2) is 70 to 80 °C.
  • the molar ratio of the phosphorus-containing imidophenol to the R'-OH phenol in the step (3) is from 6:0 to 1:5; wherein, 6:0 means that the step (3) may not R'-OH phenol was added and only phosphorus-containing imidophenol was added.
  • the reflux reaction time in the step (3) is 18 to 24 hours, for example, 19h, 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, and the like.
  • the content of the acid scavenger in the step (3) is 6 to 9 times the amount of the hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene material.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a halogen-free flame-retardant resin composition containing a ring-triphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure as described in one of the objects.
  • the halogen-free flame retardant resin composition comprises a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, a curing agent, a filler, and an imide-containing cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing one of the objects.
  • the thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin is selected from the group consisting of epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacryl resin, polyethylene resin, ABS resin, cyanate resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polybutadiene resin, polybutylene Diene and styrene copolymer resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polybenzoxazine resin, polyimide, silicone-containing resin, bismaleimide resin, liquid crystal polymer, bismaleimide III Any one or a combination of at least two of the azine resins, a typical but non-limiting example of which is a combination of a polycarbonate resin and a polybutadiene resin, a polybutadiene and a styrene copolymer resin, and a double Combination of maleimide resin, combination of bismaleimide triazine resin and ABS resin, combination of cyanate resin, polyphenylene ether resin and liquid crystal polymer, polyimide, silicone resin and poly A combination of a
  • the curing agent is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of a phenolic curing agent, an amine curing agent, an acid anhydride curing agent, an active ester, and a radical initiator.
  • the filler is selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titania, barium titanate, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, barium titanate, lead titanate, glass powder or A combination of at least two, typically but not limited, comprising a combination of silica and titania, a combination of barium titanate and barium titanate, a combination of calcium titanate and lead titanate, titanium dioxide, barium titanate and A combination of calcium titanate, a combination of alumina, titania, barium titanate, and glass frit.
  • the silica is selected from the group consisting of molten amorphous silica and/or crystalline silica, preferably molten amorphous silica;
  • the titanium dioxide comprises rutile and anatase titanium dioxide, preferably rutile titanium dioxide.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a prepreg comprising a reinforcing material and by dipping The thermosetting resin composition as described in the third object attached thereto after the stain is dried.
  • a fifth object of the present invention is to provide a laminate comprising at least one prepreg as described in item four.
  • a sixth object of the present invention is to provide a printed circuit board comprising at least one laminate as described in the fifth object.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the cyclotriphosphazene self-coupling halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure is a pale yellow powdery solid addition type flame retardant, which is well dispersed in the resin composition, and an example of the resin is Epoxy resin, cyanate resin, phenolic resin, polypropylene and other polymer materials, the flame retardant modified polymer material is easy to process, excellent in flame retardant performance, and achieves a balance of flame retardancy, heat resistance and mechanical properties. development of.
  • a cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure which is prepared by:
  • a cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure which is prepared by:
  • a cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure which is prepared by:
  • a cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure which is prepared by:
  • a halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin EP828 (E-51) and 31.6 parts by weight of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), and a halogen-free resistance as provided in the examples Burning agent.
  • halogen-free flame retardant HAP-DOPO provided in the first embodiment of the literature 1
  • the replacement condition is the phosphorus of the halogen-free flame retardant added.
  • the content is the same at 1.0%.
  • halogen-free flame retardant HAP-DOPO provided in the first embodiment of the literature 1
  • the replacement condition is the phosphorus of the halogen-free flame retardant added.
  • the content is 1.2%.
  • a halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy cyanide resin composition comprising the following components in parts by weight:
  • the halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy cyanide resin composition given in Example 8 had a phosphorus content of 0.95%.
  • the preparation of the flame retardant epoxy resin in the formulation shown in Table 1 is representative of the performance of the halogen-free flame retardant prepared by the present invention in the flame retardant polymer compound; after the flame retardant is uniformly dispersed in the curing system, after 100 The flame retardant cured product was obtained by a curing process of °C ⁇ 2h+150°C ⁇ 4h.
  • the obtained flame retardant cured product was tested by DSC and thermogravimetric tester under nitrogen, 10 ° C / min for the glass transition temperature of the cured product and 1% of the thermal weight loss temperature; respectively according to the standard ANSL UL94-1985 and ASTM D2836-97 tested the flame retardant rating and the limiting oxygen index LOI of the cured product. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the ring-triphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing the imide structure provided by the invention has obvious flame retardant effect, and when the same flame retardant level is UL 94V-0, The amount of phosphorus used decreased from 1.2% (comparative application example 3) to 1.0%, which can be reduced by more than 16.7% compared with the prior art phosphorus; in the case of the same phosphorus content (1%), the limiting oxygen index ( The LOI) is higher, more non-flammable, and the 1% weight loss temperature and the glass transition temperature both perform more excellently.
  • the halogen-free flame retardant provided by the present invention has a higher flame retardant effect.
  • cyclotriphosphazene halogen-free flame retardant containing an imide structure provided by the present invention may be added to any thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin composition known to those skilled in the art as well as a conventional flame retardant.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is merely illustrative of an epoxy resin composition and an epoxy cyanide resin composition, and the halogen-free flame retardant provided by the present invention may also be added to any resin composition which can be obtained by those skilled in the art.
  • a flame retardant effect for example, it can be added to epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacrylic resin, polyethylene resin, ABS resin, cyanate resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polybutadiene resin, polybutylene Diene and styrene copolymer resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polybenzoxazine resin, polyimide, silicone-containing resin, bismaleimide resin, liquid crystal polymer, bismaleimide III Any one or at least two mixed resin compositions of a azine resin, a silicone resin, a phenol resin, a cyanate resin, a benzoxazine resin, and an unsaturated polyester; typical but non-limiting: the present invention
  • the present invention illustrates the process of the present invention by the above-described embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be implemented. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the materials selected for the present invention, and the addition of the auxiliary ingredients, the selection of the specific means, etc., are all within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,所述无卤阻燃剂具有式(1)的结构。本发明提供的无卤阻燃剂具有分子内的自协效阻燃效果,提高阻燃剂的阻燃效率,降低阻燃剂用量;能很好的分散在树脂组合物中。

Description

含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂、制备方法及用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无卤阻燃剂,特别是涉及一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂及其制备方法,本发明提供的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂分子内部的协同阻燃效果明显,是一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂,能够用于热固性树脂或热塑性树脂的无卤阻燃改性;所谓自协效无卤阻燃剂意指具有阻燃剂分子内部的协同增效的阻燃效果。
背景技术
环三磷腈阻燃剂因其无毒、低烟和低吸湿性等优点,常用于环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、ABS等材料的阻燃改性。但现有大多数的环三磷腈阻燃剂如六苯氧基环三磷腈,六羟甲基苯氧基环三磷腈等,P和N元素分子内的协同效率不明显,阻燃剂的阻燃效果不佳。
为了达到预期的阻燃要求,往往需要在热固性或热塑性高分子材料中加入较高含量的环三磷腈阻燃剂,或者从外部引入含磷化合物作为酸源与环三磷腈实现分子间的协效阻燃作用,这两种方法均不利于环三磷腈阻燃改性高分子材料获得最优的配方,易导致高分子材料的耐热性能大幅度下降。
CN104478934A和CN101560227分别公开了含双氧杂环磷酸酯的环三磷腈阻燃剂,通过双氧杂环磷酸酯为环三磷腈提供酸源,提高环三磷腈阻燃剂的阻燃效率。但双氧杂环磷酸酯的耐水性和耐热性并不理想,不利于其在对耐水性和耐热性要求较高领域的应用。
以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(简称DOPO)为代表的含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物,因其较好的耐热性、不易水解、不易挥发、与聚合物相 容性好等优点,常用来与环三磷腈合成环三磷腈自协效阻燃剂。CN104262399A公开了DOPO与六-(环氧丙基)环三磷腈反应制备了基于磷杂菲和磷腈基团的双基化合物;CN104262399A公开了DOPO与含醛基的环三磷腈制备了含环三磷腈结构的氧杂膦菲阻燃剂。CN101993456A公开的磷杂菲磷腈无卤阻燃剂具有如下的结构:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000001
CN104403128A公开了一种含磷腈/DOPO双基结构含磷阻燃剂,结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000002
现已公开的这些环三磷腈阻燃剂中,阻燃剂的阻燃效率有了明显地提高,但明显降低了高分子材料的耐热性能,尤其是初始降解温度。如专利CN101993456A报道的阻燃剂阻燃改性环氧固化物中,虽然当环氧固化物中含磷量为1.2wt%时,固化物的阻燃性能达到了UL 94V-0级,但固化物1%的失重温度降低了72℃。因此,目前研究报道的环三磷腈阻燃剂在制备高性能阻燃高 分子材料并不适用。
本领域需要开发一种环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,其分子内部的协同增效阻燃效果明显,且对树脂组合物的其他性能,诸如初始降解温度和玻璃化转变温度,影响较小,保证了树脂组合物的热稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种含有含磷芳香化合物、酰亚胺和环三磷腈三种结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂,其具有热稳定性好、成炭率高和阻燃效率高的特点。
本发明目的之一所述含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,具有式(1)的结构:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000003
其中,Y选自
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000004
R具有
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000005
结构,其中,R1和R2独立地选自芳香基团、芳氧基基团;R′选自取代或未取代的芳香基团。
本发明式(1)所述的结构中,环三磷腈
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000006
结构一共能够外接6个基团, 这6个基团中必须含有一个
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000007
其余5个基团可以任意的选自
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000008
典型但非限制性的式(1)的结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000010
或等。
优选地,本发明所述R1和R2通过共价键直接连接或不直接连接,所述不直接连接包括通过氧桥键连接或通过芳香环的稠和连接。
本发明所述R1和R2通过共价键直接连接意指,分别来自R1和R2基团的任意两个原子直接连接,而不是通过其他原子连接,以苯作为芳香基团典型的共价键直接连接方式为
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000011
中的任意1种或至少2种的组合。
本发明所述R1和R2通过氧桥键连接意指,分别来自R1和R2基团的任意两个原子通过与同一个氧原子连接在一起,以苯作为芳香基团典型的氧桥键连接方式为
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000012
中的任意1种或至少2种的组合。
本发明所述R1和R2通过芳香环的稠和连接意指,R1和R2基团中具有的芳香环通过稠和化连接在一起,以苯作为芳香基团典型的稠和连接方式为
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000014
中的任意1种或至少2种的组合。
优选地,所述R1和R2独立地任选自苯基和/或苯氧基。
优选地,所述R选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000015
优选地,所述R′选自取代或未取代的芳基,优选自苯基、萘基、取代或未取代的对烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对环烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对硝基苯 基、取代或未取代的含氮杂环基苯基、取代或未取代的对芳氧基苯基中的任意1种或至少2种的组合,进一步优选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000016
本发明目的之二在于提供一种如目的之一所述的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)合成对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺,其结构为
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000017
(2)向非质子性有机溶剂中加入含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物,溶解完全后,加入步骤(1)得到的对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺化合物,在氮气保护下,回流反应后,经减压蒸馏,去除非质子性有机溶剂,洗涤,真空干燥后得到含磷酰亚胺基苯酚,其结构为
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000018
其中,R具有
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000019
结构,其中,R1和R2独立地选自芳香基团、芳氧基基团中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;
(3)向非质子性有机溶剂中加入六氯环三磷腈,溶解完全后,加入步骤(1)得到的含磷酰亚胺基苯酚和R′-OH酚,之后加入傅酸剂,在氮气保护下,回流反应,得到含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂;
其中,R′选自取代或未取代的芳香基团中的任意1种或至少2种的组合。
优选地,步骤(2)所述含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物为R-H,其中,R具有
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000020
结构,其中,R1和R2独立地选自芳香基团、芳氧基基团中的任意1种 或至少2种的组合;所述R1和R2不直接连接,或通过共价键直接连接,或通过氧桥键连接,或通过芳香环的稠和连接。
优选地,所述R1和R2独立地任选自苯基和/或苯氧基。
优选地,所述R选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000021
优选地,所述含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物选自二苯基磷氧(简称BPP)、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(简称DOPO)、1,8-二萘基-1,3,2-二氧杂环磷化氢(简称NDPO)、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂蒽-10-氧化物(简称DOPO)中的任意一种。
优选地,步骤(3)所述的缚酸剂选自三乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、吡啶中的任意1种。
优选地,步骤(3)所述R′-OH酚中的R′选自R′选自取代或未取代的芳基,优选自苯基、萘基、取代或未取代的对烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对环烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对硝基苯基、取代或未取代的含氮杂环基苯基、取代或未取代的对芳氧基苯基中的任意1种或至少2种的组合,进一步优选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000022
优选地,步骤(3)所述R′-OH酚选自苯酚、2-萘酚、对哌啶苯酚、环己基苯酚、4-苯氧基苯酚和对硝基苯酚中的任意1种。
对于对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺,本领域技术人员可以商购或通过现有技术进行合成,本发明不做具体限定。
优选地,步骤(1)所述合成对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺的方法为:
将马来酸酐和对氨基苯酚按摩尔比1.1∶1混合后,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,室温下搅拌反应2~4h,之后分批次加入五氧化二磷粉末,然后滴加浓硫酸溶液,滴加完毕,在60~70℃下,氮气保护下反应4~h后,冷却,将反应液倒入到10~15倍体积的冰水中,静置、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到黄色至棕色的针状晶体即对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺。
优选地,所述的五氧化二磷粉末的加入量为马来酸酐与对氨基苯酚总质量的10~25wt%,例如12wt%、15wt%、18wt%、20wt%、22wt%、24wt%等。
优选地,所述的浓硫酸的用量为马来酸酐与对氨基苯酚总质量的6~20wt%,例如7wt%、10wt%、13wt%、16wt%、18wt%、19wt%等。
优选地,步骤(2)所述回流反应的时间为4~10h,例如5h、6h、7h、8h、9h等。
优选地,步骤(2)所述洗涤的洗涤溶剂为乙酸乙酯。
优选地,步骤(2)所述真空干燥的温度为70~80℃。
优选地,步骤(3)所述的含磷酰亚胺基苯酚与R′-OH酚的摩尔比为6∶0~1∶5;其中,6∶0是指在步骤(3)中可以不加入R′-OH酚,仅加入含磷酰亚胺基苯酚。
优选地,步骤(3)所述回流反应的时间为18~24h,例如19h、20h、21h、22h、23h等。
优选地,步骤(3)所述傅酸剂的含量为六氯环三磷腈物质的量的6~9倍。
本发明目的之三是提供一种无卤阻燃树脂组合物,所述无卤阻燃树脂组合物含有目的之一所述的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂。
优选地,所述无卤阻燃树脂组合物包括:热固性树脂或热塑性树脂、固化剂、填料和目的之一所述的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂。
优选地,所述热固性树脂或热塑性树脂选自环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯树脂、ABS树脂、氰酸酯树脂、聚苯醚树脂、聚丁二烯树脂、聚丁二烯与苯乙烯共聚物树脂、聚四氟乙烯树脂、聚苯并噁嗪树脂、聚酰亚胺、含硅树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、液晶聚合物、双马来酰亚胺三嗪树脂中的任意1种或至少2种的组合,所述组合典型但非限制性的实例有聚碳酸酯树脂和聚丁二烯树脂的组合,聚丁二烯与苯乙烯共聚物树脂和双马来酰亚胺树脂的组合,双马来酰亚胺三嗪树脂和ABS树脂的组合,氰酸酯树脂、聚苯醚树脂和液晶聚合物的组合,聚酰亚胺、含硅树脂和聚苯醚树脂的组合,ABS树脂、氰酸酯树脂、聚苯醚树脂和含硅树脂的组合等。
优选地,所述固化剂选自酚醛类固化剂、胺类固化剂、酸酐类固化剂、活性酯、自由基引发剂中的任意1种或至少2种的组合。
优选地,所述填料选自二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、钛酸锶、钛酸镁、钛酸钙、钛酸锶钡、钛酸铅、玻璃粉中的任意1种或至少2种的组合,所述组合典型但非限制性的包括二氧化硅和二氧化钛的组合,钛酸钡和钛酸锶的组合,钛酸钙和钛酸铅的组合,二氧化钛、钛酸钡和钛酸钙的组合,氧化铝、二氧化钛、钛酸钡和玻璃粉的组合等。
优选地,所述二氧化硅选自熔融无定形二氧化硅和/或结晶二氧化硅,优选熔融无定形二氧化硅;
优选地,所述二氧化钛包括金红石型和锐钛型二氧化钛,优选金红石型二氧化钛。
本发明目的之四是提供一种预浸料,所述预浸料包括增强材料,及通过浸 渍干燥后附着在其上的如目的之三所述的热固性树脂组合物。
本发明目的之五是提供一种层压板,所述层压板含有至少一张如目的之四所述的预浸料。
本发明目的之六是提供一种印制电路板,所述印制电路板含有至少一张如目的之五所述的层压板。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)将马来酰亚胺结构引入到环三磷腈自协效阻燃剂分子结构中,能有效地补偿含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物(例如DOPO)结构中的P-C和P-O-C等化学弱键对固化物的初始降解温度和玻璃化转变温度造成的劣化影响,提高固化物的热稳定性能;
(2)含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂中DOPO作为“酸源”,能有效地与环三磷腈实现分子内的协效阻燃,提高阻燃剂的阻燃效率,降低阻燃剂用量,在达到相同阻燃级别UL 94V-0级时,磷使用量可以降低16.7%以上;
(3)含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂为浅黄色粉末状固体添加型阻燃剂,能很好的分散在树脂组合物中,所述树脂的示例为环氧树脂、氰酸树脂、酚醛树脂、聚丙烯等高分子材料,该阻燃剂改性的高分子材料加工方便,阻燃性能优异、实现了阻燃性能、耐热性能和力学性能的均衡发展。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,其制备方法为:
(1)将10.79g马来酸酐和10.91g对氨基苯酚胺加入到装有100M1DMF的反应器中,在室温下反应3小时,接着分两次加入P2O5粉末2.5g,然后半小时滴加浓硫酸溶液1.5g,滴加完后在60℃氮气保护下反应5小时,冷却,将反应液倒入到1100mL的冰水中,静置半小时、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到如下结构的黄色至棕色的针状晶体马来酰亚胺基苯酚,产率为76.4%;
马来酰亚胺基苯酚的红外图谱为:1215cm-1,1152cm-1(C-N)、1705cm-1(C=O)、3341cm-1(-OH);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱为:9.71(-OH),6.82~6.84(2H,CH=CH),7.07~7.11(4H,Ar-H);其结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000023
(2)在反应器中加入200mL二氧六环,加入20.11g二苯基磷氧,待其完全溶解后加入18.91g马来酰亚胺基苯酚,通入氮气保护,在80℃回流下反应9小时,减压蒸馏除去二氧六环,得到如下化学结构的白色固体产物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤后在在80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到白色粉末状固体,为如下化学结构的二苯基磷代酰亚胺基苯酚,产率92.5%;
所述二苯基磷代酰亚胺基苯酚红外光谱为:1392cm-1(C-N),1778cm-1、1710cm-1(C=O),OH(3335cm-1),P=O(1193cm-1);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱为:9.71(-OH),7.50(Ar-H,4H),7.58(Ar-H,2H),7.73ppm(Ar-H,4H),4.0~4.1(CH,1H),3.1~3.2(CH2,2H),7.07~7.11(4H,Ar-H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱为:在33.9ppm处单峰;
元素分析:C(67.51%),H(4.68%),N(3.61%),P(7.95%);
其结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000024
(3)在反应器中加入200mL二氧六环,依次加入23.46g二苯基磷代酰亚胺基苯酚、3.48g六氯环三磷腈和6.39g碳酸钠,通入氮气保护,在回流温度下反应19小时,得到一种如下结构的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂MPCTP-1,产率85.5%;
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000025
所述MPCTP-1的红外光谱为:1396cm-1(C-N),1780cm-1、1706cm-1(C=O),1198cm-1(P=O);1203cm-1、1184cm-1、1162cm-1(P=N);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱为:7.56(Ar-H,4H),7.63(Ar-H,2H),7.83ppm(Ar-H,4H),4.0~4.2(CH,1H),3.2~3.4(CH2,2H),7.07~7.11(4H,Ar-H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱为:在33.9ppm和9.36ppm双峰;
元素分析:C(67.51%),H(4.68%),N(3.61%),P(7.95%);
阻燃剂MPCTP-1对环氧树脂固化物热稳定性的影响及阻燃效果见表1。
实施例2
一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,其制备方法为:
(1)将10.79g马来酸酐和10.91g对氨基苯酚胺加入到装有100mL DMF的反应器中,在室温下反应4小时,接着分两次加入P2O5粉末3.5g,然后半小时滴加浓硫酸溶液2.5g,滴加完后在60℃氮气保护下反应4小时,冷却,将反 应液倒入到1100mL的冰水中,静置半小时、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到黄色至棕色的针状晶体马来酰亚胺基苯酚,产率为83.6%;
(2)在反应器中加入200mL乙腈,加入21.61g DOPO,待其完全溶解后加入18.91g马来酰亚胺基苯酚,通入氮气保护,在回流下反应5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙腈,得到如下化学结构的白色固体产物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤后在在80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到白色粉末状固体,为如下化学结构的DOPO加成马来酰亚胺基苯酚(简称DOPO-HPM),产率92.5%;
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000026
红外光谱:1393cm-1(C-N),1778、1710cm-1(C=O),3324cm-1(-OH),1196cm-1(P=O);
元素分析:C(67.51%),H(4.68%),N(3.61%),P(7.95%);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析为:9.7~9.8(-OH,1H),6.7~8.3(Ar-H,12H),3.9~4.1(CH,1H),3.0~3.2(CH2,2H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析为:在30.1ppm处单峰。
(3)在反应器中加入甲苯,依次加入24.32g DOPO-HPM,3.48g六氯环三磷腈和9.95g碳酸钾,通入氮气保护,在回流温度下反应24小时,得到一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂MPCTP-2;产率92.5%;所述MPCTP-2结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000027
红外光谱:935cm-1和755cm-1(P-O-Ph);1396cm-1(C-N);1780cm-1、 1706cm-1(C=O);1198cm-1(P=O);1203cm-1、1184cm-1、1162cm-1(P=N);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱:7.56ppm(Ar-H,4H),7.63ppm(Ar-H,2H),7.83ppm(Ar-H,4H),4.0~4.2(CH,1H),3.2~3.4(CH2,2H),7.07-7.11(4H,Ar-H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱:在33.9ppm和9.36ppm双峰;
元素分析:C(61.97%),H(3.50%),N(4.89%),P(10.91%);阻燃剂MPCTP-2对环氧树脂固化物热稳定性的影响及阻燃效果见表1。
实施例3
一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,其制备方法为:
(1)将10.79g马来酸酐和10.91g对氨基苯酚胺加入到装有100mL DMF的反应器中,在室温下反应4小时,接着分三次加入P2O5粉末4.5g,然后半小时滴加浓硫酸溶液3.5g,滴加完后在70℃氮气保护下反应5小时,冷却,将反应液倒入到1100mL的冰水中,静置半小时、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到黄色至棕色的针状晶体马来酰亚胺基苯酚,产率为93.4%;
(2)在反应器中加入200mL乙腈,加入21.61g DOPO,待其完全溶解后加入18.91g马来酰亚胺基苯酚,通入氮气保护,在回流下反应5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙腈,得到白色固体产物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤后在在80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到白色粉末状固体DOPO-HPM,产率92.5%;
(3)在反应器中加入甲苯,依次加入16.21g DOPO-HPM,1.88g苯酚、3.48g六氯环三磷腈和9.95g碳酸钾,通入氮气保护,在回流温度下反应21小时,得到一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂MPCTP-3;产率92.5%;所述MPCTP-3具有如下结构:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000028
红外光谱:935cm-1和755cm-1(P-O-Ph);1401cm-1(C-N);1765、1701cm-1(C=O);1189cm-1(P=O);1210cm-1,1174cm-1,1153cm-1(P=N);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱:6.87~7.83ppm(Ar-H,29H),4.0~4.2(CH,2H),3.2~3.4(CH2,4H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱:在33.5ppm和9.36ppm双峰;
元素分析:C(61.97%),H(3.67%),N(5.16%),P(11.21%);
阻燃剂MPCTP-3对环氧树脂固化物热稳定性的影响及阻燃效果见表1。
实施例4
一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,其制备方法为:
(1)将10.79g马来酸酐和10.91g对氨基苯酚胺加入到装有100mL DMF的反应器中,在室温下反应4小时,接着分三次加入P2O5粉末4.5g,然后半小时滴加浓硫酸溶液3.5g,滴加完后在70℃氮气保护下反应5小时,冷却,将反应液倒入到1100mL的冰水中,静置半小时、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到黄色至棕色的针状晶体马来酰亚胺基苯酚,产率为93.4%;
(2)在反应器中加入200mL乙腈,加入21.61g DOPO,待其完全溶解后加入18.91g马来酰亚胺基苯酚,通入氮气保护,在回流下反应5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙腈,得到白色固体产物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤后在在80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到白色粉末状固体DOPO-HPM,产率92.5%;
(3)在反应器中加入甲苯,依次加入8.11g DOPO-HPM,3.77g苯酚、3.48g 六氯环三磷腈和9.0g三乙胺,通入氮气保护,在回流温度下反应18小时,得到含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂MPCTP-4;产率92.5%;所述MPCTP-4的结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000029
红外光谱:935cm-1and 755cm-1(P-O-Ph);1401cm-1(C-N);1765、1701cm-1(C=O);1189cm-1(P=O);1210cm-1,1174cm-1,1153cm-1(P=N);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱:6.87~7.83ppm(Ar-H,22H),4.0~4.2(CH,1H),3.2~3.4(CH2,2H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁图谱:在33.5ppm和9.36ppm双峰。
元素分析:C(62.09%),H(3.79%),N(5.36%),P(11.81%);
阻燃剂MPCTP-4对环氧树脂固化物热稳定性的影响及阻燃效果见表1。
实施例5
(1)将10.79g马来酸酐和10.91g对氨基苯酚胺加入到装有100mL DMF的反应器中,在室温下反应4小时,接着分三次加入P2O5粉末4.5g,然后半小时滴加浓硫酸溶液3.5g,滴加完后在70℃氮气保护下反应5小时,冷却,将反应液倒入到1100mL的冰水中,静置半小时、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到黄色至棕色的针状晶体马来酰亚胺基苯酚,产率为93.4%;
(2)在反应器中加入200mL乙腈,加入21.62g DPPO,待其完全溶解后加入18.91g马来酰亚胺基苯酚,通入氮气保护,在回流下反应5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙腈,得到如下结构的白色固体产物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤后在在80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到白色粉末状固体为如下结构的DPPO-HPM,产率88.5%;
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000030
红外光谱:1393cm-1(C-N),1778、1710cm-1(C=O);3324cm-1(-OH);1278cm-1、1394cm-1(P=O);1223、1178cm-1(C-O);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析:6.9~7.0(Ar-H,2H),7.2~7.3(Ar-H,6H),7.45~7.55(Ar-H,4H),9.7~9.8ppm(-OH,1H),3.3~3.4(CH,1H),3.1~3.2(CH2,2H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析:在-6.1ppm处单峰;
元素分析:C(65.27%),H(3.96%),N(3.51%),P(7.65%)。
(3)在反应器中加入甲苯,依次加入24.32g DPPO-HPM,3.48g六氯环三磷腈和9.95g碳酸钾,通入氮气保护,在回流温度下反应23小时,得到一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂MPCTP-5;产率92.5%;所述MPCTP-5的结构为
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000031
红外光谱:1210cm-1、1174cm-1、1153cm-1(P=N),1383cm-1(C-N),1778、1710cm-1(C=O),3324cm-1(-OH);1278、1394cm-1(P=O);1223、1178cm-1(C-O);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析:6.8~6.9(Ar-H,2H),7.2~7.3(Ar-H,6H),7.45~7.55(Ar-H,4H),3.3~3.4(CH,1H),3.1~3.2(CH2,2H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析:分别在-6.1ppm和9.4处出现单峰;
元素分析:C(60.37%),H(3.51%),N(5.58%),P(12.38%);
阻燃剂MPCTP-5对环氧树脂固化物热稳定性的影响及阻燃效果见表1。
实施例6
(1)将10.79g马来酸酐和10.91g对氨基苯酚胺加入到装有100mL DMF的反应器中,在室温下反应4小时,接着分三次加入P2O5粉末4.5g,然后半小时滴加浓硫酸溶液3.5g,滴加完后在70℃氮气保护下反应5小时,冷却,将反应液倒入到1100mL的冰水中,静置半小时、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到黄色至棕色的针状晶体马来酰亚胺基苯酚,产率为93.4%;
(2)在反应器中加入200mL乙腈,加入20.61g DOPO,待其完全溶解后加入18.91g马来酰亚胺基苯酚,通入氮气保护,在回流下反应5小时,减压蒸馏除去乙腈,得到如下结构的白色固体产物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤后在在80℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到白色粉末状固体NDPO-HPM,产率92.5%,
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000032
红外光谱:1368cm-1(C-N);1783、1705cm-1(C=O);3335cm-1(-OH);1278,1394cm-1(P=O);1223、1178cm-1(C-O);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm):6.4~6.5(Ar-H,2H);6.9~7.0(Ar-H,2H);7.1~7.2(Ar-H,2H);7.2~7.3(Ar-H,2H);7.45~7.55(Ar-H,2H);9.5~9.7ppm(-OH,1H);2.9~3.0(CH,1H);2.8~2.9(CH2,2H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析:在23.6ppm处单峰;
元素分析:C(60.79%),H(3.56%),N(3.51%),P(7.85%)。
(3)在反应器中加入甲苯,依次加入23.70g NDPO-HPM,3.48g六氯环三磷腈和9.95g碳酸钾,通入氮气保护,在回流温度下反应24小时,得到一种 含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈自协效无卤阻燃剂MPCTP-6;所述MPCTP-6具有结构
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000033
红外光谱:1215cm-1、1184cm-1、1159cm-1(P=N);1383cm-1(C-N);1781、1710cm-1(C=O);1278,1394cm-1(P=O);1223、1178cm-1(C-O);
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析:6.4~6.5(Ar-H,2H);6.9~7.0(Ar-H,2H);7.1~7.2(Ar-H,2H);7.2~7.3(Ar-H,2H);7.45~7.55(Ar-H,2H);9.5~9.7(-OH,1H);2.9~3.0(CH,1H);2.8~2.9(CH2,2H);
31P-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm)核磁分析:分别在23.6ppm和9.4处出现单峰;
元素分析:C(56.26%),H(3.19%),N(5.76%),P(12.61%);
阻燃剂MPCTP-6对环氧树脂固化物热稳定性的影响及阻燃效果见表1。
应用例1~7
一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂组合物,包括100重量份的环氧树脂EP828(E-51)和31.6重量份的二氨基二苯基砜(DDS),以及如实施例提供的无卤阻燃剂。
对比应用例1
与应用例相同,区别在于不添加实施例提供的无卤阻燃剂。
对比应用例2
与应用例相同,区别在于采用文献1第3至5页所提供的无卤阻燃剂HAP-DOPO替换实施例提供的无卤阻燃剂,替换条件为所加入的无卤阻燃剂的磷含量相同为1.0%。
对比应用例2
与应用例相同,区别在于采用文献1第3至5页所提供的无卤阻燃剂HAP-DOPO替换实施例提供的无卤阻燃剂,替换条件为所加入的无卤阻燃剂的磷含量为1.2%。
文献1:Qian L,Ye L,Xu G,Liu J,Guo J.The non-halogen flame retardant epoxy resin based on a novel compound with phosphaphenanthrene and cyclotriphosphazene double functional groups.Polymer Degradation and Stability.2011;96:1118-24。
表1 实施例1~7和对比例提供的树脂组合物添加的阻燃剂种类和含量
组别 阻燃剂型号 添加量 磷含量
应用例1 MPCTP-1 12.9重量份 1.00%
应用例2 MPCTP-1 15.8重量份 1.00%
应用例3 MPCTP-2 13.4重量份 1.20%
应用例4 MPCTP-3 13重量份 1.00%
应用例5 MPCTP-4 10.9重量份 1.00%
应用例6 MPCTP-5 13.4重量份 1.00%
应用例7 MPCTP-6 12重量份 1.00%
对比应用例1 —— 0重量份 0
对比应用例2 HAP-DOPO(*) 11重量份 1.00%
对比应用例3 HAP-DOPO(*) 13.5重量份 1.20%
实施例8
一种无卤阻燃环氧氰酸树脂组合物,按重量份数包括如下组分:
环氧树脂EP828(E-51)63重量份、双酚A氰酸酯树脂37重量份和实施例2提供的无卤阻燃剂MPCTP-2;
实施例8给出的无卤阻燃环氧氰酸树脂组合物的磷含量为0.95%。
性能测试
以表1所示的配方制备阻燃环氧树脂为代表说明本发明制备的无卤阻燃剂在阻燃高分子化合物中的性能;当阻燃剂均匀的分散在固化体系中以后,经过100℃×2h+150℃×4h固化工艺得到阻燃固化物。
将得到的阻燃固化物分别采用DSC和热失重测试仪在氮气、10℃/min的条件下测试了固化物的玻璃化转变温度和1%的热失重温度;分别按照标准ANSL UL94-1985和ASTM D2836-97测试了固化物的阻燃等级和极限氧指数LOI,其结果如表1所示,
表1 实施例1~7和对比例的性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-000035
由表1和表2可以明显看出,本发明提供的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂具有明显的阻燃效果,在达到相同阻燃级别UL 94V-0级时,磷元素的使用量从为1.2%(对比应用例3)下降到1.0%,较现有技术磷的使用量可以降低16.7%以上;在相同磷含量(1%)的情况下,极限氧指数(LOI)更高,更加不易燃,1%失重温度和玻璃化转变温度均表现更加优异,本发明提供的无卤阻燃剂具有更高的阻燃效果。
需要说明的是,本发明提供的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂与常用阻燃剂一样可以添加在本领域技术人员能够获知的任何热固性树脂或热塑性树脂组合物中。
本发明的实施例只是示例性的列举了环氧树脂组合物和环氧氰酸树脂组合物,本发明提供的无卤阻燃剂还可以添加到本领域技术人员能够获得的任何树脂组合物中,以起到阻燃效果,例如可以添加到环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯树脂、ABS树脂、氰酸酯树脂、聚苯醚树脂、聚丁二烯树脂、聚丁二烯与苯乙烯共聚物树脂、聚四氟乙烯树脂、聚苯并噁嗪树脂、聚酰亚胺、含硅树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、液晶聚合物、双马来酰亚胺三嗪树脂、有机硅树脂、酚醛树脂、氰酸酯树脂、苯并恶嗪树脂、不饱和聚酯中的任意1种或至少2种的混合树脂组合物中;典型但非限制性的:本发明提供的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂可以10.6重量份的比例添加到组成为“100重量份的不饱和树脂和3.2重量份过氧化苯甲酰”的体系中,能够使得所述树脂组合物的极限氧指数LOI为34.2%,UL 94阻燃级别达到V-0。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的工艺方法,但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述无卤阻燃剂具有式(1)的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100001
    其中,Y选自
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100002
    或-O-R′;
    R具有
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100003
    结构,其中,R1和R2独立地选自芳香基团、芳氧基基团中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;R′选自取代或未取代的芳香基团中的任意1种或至少2种的组合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述R1和R2通过共价键直接连接或不直接连接,所述不直接连接包括通过氧桥键连接或通过芳香环的稠和连接;
    优选地,所述R1和R2独立地任选自苯基和/或苯氧基;
    优选地,所述R选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100004
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述R′选自取代或未取代的芳基,优选自苯基、萘基、取代或未取代的对烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对环烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对硝基苯基、取代或未取代的含氮杂环基 苯基、取代或未取代的对芳氧基苯基中的任意1种或至少2种的组合,进一步优选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100005
  4. 一种如权利要求1~3之一所述的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
    (1)合成对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺,其结构为
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100006
    (2)向非质子性有机溶剂中加入含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物,溶解完全后,加入步骤(1)得到的对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺化合物,在氮气保护下,回流反应后,经减压蒸馏,去除非质子性有机溶剂,洗涤,真空干燥后得到含磷酰亚胺基苯酚,其结构为
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100007
    其中,R具有
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100008
    结构,其中,R1和R2独立地选自芳香基团、芳氧基基团中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;
    (3)向非质子性有机溶剂中加入六氯环三磷腈,溶解完全后,加入步骤(1)得到的含磷酰亚胺基苯酚和R′-OH酚,之后加入傅酸剂,在氮气保护下,回流反应,真空蒸馏除去溶剂后,冰水洗涤除去傅酸剂,真空干燥得到含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂;
    其中,R′选自取代或未取代的芳香基团中的任意1种或至少2种的组合。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物为R-H,其中,R具有
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100009
    结构,其中,R1和R2独立地选 自芳香基团、芳氧基基团中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;所述R1和R2不直接连接,或通过共价键直接连接,或通过氧桥键连接,或通过芳香环的稠和连接;
    优选地,所述R1和R2独立地任选自苯基和/或苯氧基;
    优选地,所述R选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100010
    优选地,所述含P-H键的含磷芳香化合物选自二苯基磷氧、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、1,8-二萘基-1,3,2-二氧杂环磷化氢、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂蒽-10-氧化物中的任意一种;
    优选地,步骤(3)所述的缚酸剂选自三乙胺、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、吡啶中的任意1种;
    优选地,步骤(3)所述R′-OH酚中的R′选自取代或未取代的芳基,优选自苯基、萘基、取代或未取代的对烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对环烷基苯基、取代或未取代的对硝基苯基、取代或未取代的含氮杂环基苯基、取代或未取代的对芳氧基苯基中的任意1种或至少2种的组合,进一步优选自如下结构中的任意1种或至少2种的组合:
    Figure PCTCN2016078811-appb-100011
    优选地,步骤(3)所述R′-OH酚选自苯酚、2-萘酚、对哌啶苯酚、环己基苯酚、4-苯氧基苯酚和对硝基苯酚中的任意1种。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述合成对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺的方法为:
    将马来酸酐和对氨基苯酚按摩尔比1.1∶1混合后,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,室温下搅拌反应2~4h,之后分批次加入五氧化二磷粉末,然后滴加浓硫酸溶液,滴加完毕,在60~70℃下,氮气保护下反应4~6h后,冷却,将反应液倒入到10~15倍体积的冰水中,静置、过滤、在70℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到黄色至棕色的针状晶体即对羟基苯基马来酰亚胺。
    优选地,所述的五氧化二磷粉末的加入量为马来酸酐与对氨基苯酚总质量的10~25wt%;
    优选地,所述的浓硫酸的用量为马来酸酐与对氨基苯酚总质量的6~20wt%;
    优选地,步骤(2)所述回流反应的时间为4~10h;
    优选地,步骤(2)所述洗涤的洗涤溶剂为乙酸乙酯;
    优选地,步骤(2)所述真空干燥的温度为70~80℃;
    优选地,步骤(3)所述的含磷酰亚胺基苯酚与R′-OH酚的摩尔比为6∶0~1∶5;
    优选地,步骤(3)所述回流反应的时间为18~24h。
    优选地,步骤(3)所述傅酸剂的含量为六氯环三磷腈物质的量的6~9倍。
  7. 一种无卤阻燃树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述无卤阻燃树脂组合物含有权利要求1~3之一所述的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂;
    优选地,所述无卤阻燃树脂组合物包括:热固性树脂或热塑性树脂、固化剂、填料和权利要求1~3之一所述的含酰亚胺结构的环三磷腈无卤阻燃剂;
    优选地,所述热固性树脂或热塑性树脂选自环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯树脂、ABS树脂、氰酸酯树脂、聚苯醚树脂、聚丁二烯树脂、聚丁二烯与苯乙烯共聚物树脂、聚四氟乙烯树脂、聚苯并噁嗪树脂、聚酰 亚胺、含硅树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、液晶聚合物、双马来酰亚胺三嗪树脂中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;
    优选地,所述固化剂选自酚醛类固化剂、胺类固化剂、酸酐类固化剂、活性酯、自由基引发剂中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;
    优选地,所述填料选自二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化钛、钛酸钡、钛酸锶、钛酸镁、钛酸钙、钛酸锶钡、钛酸铅、玻璃粉中的任意1种或至少2种的组合;
    优选地,所述二氧化硅选自熔融无定形二氧化硅和/或结晶二氧化硅,优选熔融无定形二氧化硅;
    优选地,所述二氧化钛包括金红石型和锐钛型二氧化钛,优选金红石型二氧化钛。
  8. 一种预浸料,其特征在于,所述预浸料包括增强材料,及通过浸渍干燥后附着在其上的如权利要求7所述的热固性树脂组合物。
  9. 一种层压板,其特征在于,所述层压板含有至少一张如权利要求8所述的预浸料。
  10. 一种印制电路板,其特征在于,所述印制电路板含有至少一张如权利要求9所述的层压板。
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