WO2017056280A1 - 豆腐類の連続成型装置 - Google Patents
豆腐類の連続成型装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017056280A1 WO2017056280A1 PCT/JP2015/077883 JP2015077883W WO2017056280A1 WO 2017056280 A1 WO2017056280 A1 WO 2017056280A1 JP 2015077883 W JP2015077883 W JP 2015077883W WO 2017056280 A1 WO2017056280 A1 WO 2017056280A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tofu
- filter cloth
- conveyor
- molding apparatus
- heat
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
- A23L11/07—Soya beans, e.g. oil-extracted soya bean flakes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
- A23L11/31—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/40—Pulse curds
- A23L11/45—Soy bean curds, e.g. tofu
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/001—Details of apparatus, e.g. for transport, for loading or unloading manipulation, pressure feed valves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
- A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/20—Agglomerating; Granulating; Tabletting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/10—Moulding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2300/00—Processes
- A23V2300/24—Heat, thermal treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a continuous molding apparatus for tofu.
- soy milk during the production of tofu has a small number of bacteria because it is heated to 60 ° C. or higher, but tofu that has been cooled to room temperature after coagulation of soy milk tends to become a hotbed of bacteria. For this reason, it is necessary to sterilize equipment such as a conveyor of a tofu production facility to prevent bacteria from adhering to the tofu surface. Techniques for sterilizing equipment such as this type of conveyor have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 sterilizes the entire transport process to the cooling water tank, and is particularly aimed at sterilizing the tofu surface.
- tofu has been distributed under refrigeration at 10 ° C. or lower, and has been consumed within 4-5 days at most after production. Therefore, the absolute sterilization process to apparatuses, such as a conveyor, was unnecessary.
- it has been demanded to provide tofu for areas requiring a long distribution period and to extend the tofu period so that it can be stored for a long time according to the lifestyle of consumers. . For example, there is a demand for guaranteeing storage for 60 days or more in a refrigerated state of about 5 ° C.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it reliably cleans and sterilizes bacteria adhering to a filter cloth belt and a conveyor of a continuous molding apparatus, and tofu for a long time without deteriorating product quality of tofu. It is a first object of the present invention to provide a continuous molding apparatus for tofu that can store foods. It is a second object of the present invention to provide a continuous molding apparatus for tofu that can avoid high-quality tofu by avoiding the “with cloth” phenomenon that the tofu adheres to the filter cloth belt.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- An endless filter cloth belt that circulates outside and a pair of endless conveyors that circulate inside are provided one above the other, and the soy milk coagulum is sandwiched between the upper and lower filter cloth belts and the conveyor.
- It is a continuous molding device for tofu that is conveyed and compressed while being molded,
- the predetermined range in the return step is heated.
- a tofu continuous molding apparatus comprising a heating section for sterilization.
- An endless filter cloth belt that circulates outside and a pair of endless conveyors that circulate inside are provided one above the other, and soy milk coagulum is sandwiched between the upper and lower filter cloth belts and the conveyor.
- It is a continuous molding device for tofu that is conveyed and compressed while being molded, From the looping track of the filter cloth belt and the conveyor, from the return step from the end of the transport path where the soy milk coagulum is sandwiched to the start end of the transport path or from the start end of the transport path Tofu characterized by comprising a heating section that heats and sterilizes a predetermined range of the transport conveyor in the return process or in the feed process in at least one of the feed processes to the end of the transport path.
- a heating section that heats and sterilizes a predetermined range of the transport conveyor in the return process or in the feed process in at least one of the feed processes to the end of the transport path.
- the tofus continuous molding apparatus according to (1) or (2), wherein the heating unit includes a steam nozzle that injects heated steam.
- the heating unit includes a partition member that surrounds the predetermined range, and heats an internal space surrounded by the partition member, according to any one of (1) to (3), Continuous tofu molding equipment.
- the atmosphere temperature in the predetermined range heated by the heating unit is 60 ° C. or higher and 105 ° C. or lower.
- the tofu according to any one of (1) to (4), Continuous molding equipment.
- the filter cloth belt and the transporting conveyor are driven at a circulation speed at which a passing time per pass when passing through the predetermined range is 1 second or more and 3600 seconds or less (5 )
- an alkali cleaning unit for cleaning the filter cloth belt with an alkaline liquid from the upstream side to the downstream side in the circulation direction of the filter cloth belt;
- the tofus continuous molding apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the acid cleaning unit that is cleaned with a liquid and the heating unit are arranged in this order.
- an alkali cleaning unit that cleans the transport conveyor with an alkaline solution, and the transport conveyor is cleaned with an acid solution
- the tofus continuous molding apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the acid cleaning unit and the heating unit are arranged in this order.
- the alkaline solution is an alkaline solution having a concentration of 0.5% or more and a concentration of 10% or less
- the tofus continuous molding apparatus according to any one of (7) to (10), wherein the acid solution is an acid solution having a concentration of 0.1% or more and a concentration of 10% or less.
- the conveyance conveyor is a plate conveyor configured by connecting a large number of plate members using at least one of flat steel, shape steel, and steel pipes in an endless manner (1) to (11) ) A continuous molding apparatus for tofu according to any one of the above.
- the plate member has a hollow structure having a hollow portion, and at least one of a heat insulating heat insulating material and a heat storage material is disposed in the hollow portion, and the continuous tofu is described in (12). Molding device.
- the plate member has a hollow structure having a hollow portion, and the hollow portion includes a heat insulating region sealed in a reduced pressure state. Continuous molding equipment.
- the present invention it is possible to reliably wash and sterilize bacteria adhering to the filter cloth belt and the conveyor of the continuous molding apparatus, and tofu can be stored for a long time without deteriorating product quality. Further, it is possible to avoid the “with cloth” phenomenon that the tofu adheres to the filter cloth belt, and to improve the heat retention during molding to obtain a high-quality tofu.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. It is a top view which shows a part of conveyance conveyor. It is sectional drawing which shows a part of cross section of the advancing direction of a conveyance conveyor. It is the partial cross section which cut
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic overall configuration diagram of a continuous tofu molding apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- a tofu continuous molding apparatus (hereinafter abbreviated as a molding apparatus) 100 of this configuration has an endless filter cloth belt 13 that circulates outside above the transport path 11 of the soymilk coagulum T that is a tofu dough, A pair of endless transport conveyors 15 that wrap around the inside are provided, and a pair of endless filter cloth belts 17 that wrap around the outside and an endless transport conveyor 19 that wraps around the inside are provided below the transport path 11. It is done.
- the soymilk coagulum T which is the object to be conveyed, is nipped in the vertical direction and conveyed along the conveying direction P.
- the vertical interval of the conveyance path 11 is smaller than or equal to the thickness of the soymilk coagulum T, and the soymilk coagulate T is conveyed along the conveyance direction P while being compressed by the conveyors 15 and 19.
- the soymilk coagulum T is squeezed in the transport path 11 and the moisture (“whey”, “soil water”, or “hot water”) is discharged, so that the soymilk coagulum T is compacted and formed tofu. .
- tofu refers to silk tofu, cotton tofu (including soft cotton tofu to very hard cotton tofu, hard tofu, tofu, etc.), soft cotton tofu, deep-fried (thickened) dough, silk fresh-fried dough, It means fried dough such as light fried, thick fried and seasoned sushi fried, ganmodoki dough, and secondary processed products (including frozen and freeze-dried).
- silken tofu in the molding device of the coagulation molding machine line for both silk and cotton, the conveyor above the conveying path 11 is lifted and passed without touching or strongly squeezing the pudding-shaped soymilk coagulum. And matured (see Patent Document 2).
- the upper transport conveyor 15 is driven by the transport roller 23 and circulates above the transport path 11.
- the upper filter cloth belt 13 is driven by a filter cloth belt driving roller 24 in which a cloth is wound around a rubber roller, and circulates above the conveyance path 11.
- the lower conveyor 19 is driven by the conveyor roller 27 and circulates below the conveyor path 11.
- the filter cloth belt 17 is driven by the filter cloth belt driving roller 28 and circulates below the conveyance path 11.
- a plurality of driven rollers 29 are arranged on the circulation tracks of the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19, respectively.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19 are driven by a motor (not shown) in synchronism with only one conveying roller (for example, 23 and 27) in the conveying direction, and the other conveying rollers 21 and 25 are driven.
- the conveyance operation of the tofu coagulum T is performed.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 are made of yarn (monofilament or multifilament, wire diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 mm) made of, for example, food-grade fluororesin, polyester resin (polyethylene terephthalate resin), polypropylene resin, aramid fiber resin, or the like.
- the filter cloth has a tensile strength that can withstand mechanical tension and relatively flexibility, and has a property of being easily bent into a concave shape.
- the material of the filter cloth belt is not particularly limited, but for details, see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 4004413.
- the transport conveyor 19 is supported by a plurality of support rails 33 erected on the base 31 so as to be movable in a circumferential (transport) direction (perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 2).
- a plurality of support rails 37 are provided on the elevating part 35 so as to hang down and press the conveyor 15 uniformly toward the lower soymilk coagulum T.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a part of the transport conveyors 15 and 19, and FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a part of a cross section of the transport conveyors 15 and 19 in the traveling direction.
- the transfer conveyors 15 and 19 are Caterpillar (registered trademark) type conveyors, which are caterpillar plates 38 that are a large number of flat plate members, and orthogonal to the traveling direction of the caterpillar plates 38.
- chain 39 provided at both ends in the direction to be.
- the caterpillar plate 38 may be continuously arranged substantially without a gap along the traveling direction, or may be disposed at a predetermined interval along the traveling direction.
- the caterpillar plate 38 may have a drainage mechanism and a structure in which moisture easily flows out.
- the chain 39 is attached to the caterpillar plate 38 via the connection member 41 as shown in FIG.
- the chain 39 is driven by a motor (not shown) through the conveying rollers 23 and 27 (see FIG. 1) and the driven conveying rollers 21 and 25 (see FIG. 1) so that the caterpillar plate 38 follows the circular path. Move.
- Each conveyor 15 and 19 is driven at the same circumferential speed.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 are driven to rotate at the same rotation speed according to the caterpillar plate 38 driven by the filter cloth belt driving rollers 24 and 28 by a motor (not shown).
- the region to be the convey path 11 that is, between the convey rollers 22 and 24, and the convey roller Between 26 and 28 is an area for feeding the filter cloth belts 13 and 17.
- the area between the conveying rollers 21 and 23 and the area between the conveying rollers 25 and 27 are areas for the conveying conveyors 15 and 19.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19 are arranged linearly along the conveying path 11. The soymilk coagulum T on the transport path 11 is transported while being sandwiched between the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 in the vertical direction, and is pressed and molded.
- the period from the end of the transport path 11 where the soymilk coagulum T is clamped to the start end of the transport path 11 is a broad return process. That is, the return process in a broad sense includes turning processes at both ends of the feeding process. In the turning step, the traveling direction is largely turned in the region of the circular orbit where the traveling direction is largely turned away from the soymilk coagulum T at the downstream end portion of the conveying path 11 and the vicinity of the starting end portion on the upstream side of the conveying path 11. This is the region until just before the soymilk coagulum T is brought close.
- the return process means the remaining area excluding the turning process from the broad return process. To do.
- the soymilk coagulum T is sandwiched between the conveyors 15 and 19 via the filter cloth belts 13 and 17, and compressed.
- the soymilk coagulum T receives pressure from the conveyors 15 and 19 via the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and discharges water such as whey.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the transport conveyors 15 and 19 pass through the transport rollers 23, 27, 24, and 28, and are subjected to a cleaning process and a sterilization process in a return process separated from the soymilk coagulum T. Thereafter, it is returned again to the positions of the transport rollers 21, 25, 22, and 26.
- the molding apparatus 100 is configured so that an alkali as an alkali cleaning unit is moved from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the circulation direction of the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 in the return process region in the circulation path of the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15.
- a cleaning tank 43, an acid cleaning tank 47 as an acid cleaning part, and a steam sterilization tank 51 as a heating part are arranged in this order.
- the alkaline cleaning tank 45, the acid cleaning tank 49, and the steam sterilization tank are also applied to the region of the return process in the circulation track of the filter cloth belt 17 and the transport conveyor 19 from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the circumferential direction. 53 are arranged in this order.
- a water washing unit 55 is arranged on the upstream side in the circumferential direction of the alkaline washing tank 43 in the circulation track of the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyor 15. Further, a water washing and cleaning unit 59 is disposed between the alkali cleaning tank 43 and the acid cleaning tank 47, and a water washing and cleaning unit 63 is disposed between the acid cleaning tank 47 and the steam sterilization tank 51.
- the water washing washing part 57 is arrange
- FIG. A water washing and cleaning unit 61 is disposed between the alkali cleaning tank 45 and the acid cleaning tank 49, and a water washing and cleaning unit 65 is disposed between the acid cleaning tank 49 and the steam sterilization tank 53.
- the alkali cleaning tanks 43 and 45 immerse the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyor 15 in an alkaline solution.
- the acid cleaning tanks 47 and 49 immerse the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyor 15 in the acid solution.
- the alkali cleaning tank 43 and the acid cleaning tank 47 immerse the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 in common
- the alkali cleaning tank 45 and the acid cleaning tank 49 include the filter cloth belt 17 and the transport conveyor 19.
- a bath for individually immersing each is provided. During production, do not put chemical solution in each alkali washing tank or acid washing tank, put hot water of 60-100 ° C for hot water cleaning and sterilization, or install in each tank without hot water. Alternatively, it may be used as a steam sterilization tank in which steam is heated at 60 to 105 ° C. by a steam supply means.
- the alkaline liquid stored in the alkali cleaning tanks 43 and 45 has a concentration of 0.5% or more, preferably 1% or more, most preferably 2% or more, 10% or less, pH 9 or more, preferably pH 11 or more, most preferably
- a sodium hydroxide solution having a pH of 13 or higher and a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C. can be used.
- solutions of potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, etc. 0.5-10%, pH 9-14, 40-100 ° C. conditions) can be used.
- an alkaline solution having a concentration of 0.5% or more, preferably 1% or more, more preferably 2% or more, and a concentration of 10% or less, preferably 5% or less can be used.
- concentration is less than 0.5%
- the cleaning effect is low when the concentration is less than 0.5%
- concentration exceeds 10% the cleaning effect is not particularly improved as the concentration increases. This is because the resin, rubber, and the like are easily deteriorated, and the handling work becomes complicated.
- the acid solution stored in the acid cleaning tanks 47 and 49 has a concentration of 0.1% or more, preferably 0.5% or more, most preferably 1% or more and 10% or less, pH 5 or less, preferably pH 3 or less.
- a citric acid solution can be used.
- solutions of hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfamic acid, etc. 0.1 to 10%, pH 1 to 5, conditions of 40 to 100 ° C.
- an acid solution having a concentration of 0.1% or more and 10% or less, preferably 5% or less can be used.
- the concentration is less than 0.1%, the cleaning effect is low when the concentration is less than 0.1%, and when the concentration exceeds 10%, the cleaning effect is not particularly improved as the concentration increases. This is because there is a risk of corrosion and handling becomes complicated.
- Washing water used in the washing / washing sections 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 includes not only clean water (tap water, sterile water through a sterilizing filter, etc.), ozone water, and sodium hypochlorite solution.
- a neutral chemical solution having a bactericidal action such as hypochlorous acid water can also be used.
- the washing / washing sections 59, 61, 63, 65 may each be appropriately sprayed with low-pressure water, or may be omitted as appropriate.
- the alkaline solution can be neutralized in the following acid cleaning tank.
- the acid solution may be removed by steam injection in the next steam sterilization tank, as well as by the rinsing effect using the steam condensed water (spray) or hot water supplied by the hot water supply means provided in the steam sterilization tank.
- steam condensed water spray
- hot water supply means provided in the steam sterilization tank.
- the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 have a steam nozzle 71 and a partition member 73.
- the steam nozzle 71 supplies 0.05 to 0.4 MPa steam obtained by depressurizing 0.5 to 2.0 MPa steam supplied from the boiler, and the steam into the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 through an adjustment valve. Spouts evenly.
- the water vapor that is ejected is a vapor that is open to the atmosphere at 90 ° C. or higher and 105 ° C. or lower, and has a vapor pressure that is atmospheric pressure or slightly higher than atmospheric pressure, and is an absolute pressure of 0.10 to 0.12 MPa, a gauge pressure At 0.00 to 0.02 MPa.
- One or a plurality of steam nozzles 71 in the steam sterilization tank 51 are arranged along the circulation path of the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyor 15, and one or more steam nozzles 71 in the steam sterilization tank 53 are filtered. It arrange
- the partition member 73 includes a warm bath provided at the entrances and exits of the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 and a cover that covers the periphery of the tank.
- the partition member 73 of the steam sterilization tank 51 is disposed so as to surround a predetermined range on the circulation path of the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15, and the partition member 73 of the steam sterilization tank 53 is disposed on the filter cloth belt 17 and the transport conveyor 19. It is arranged so as to surround a predetermined range on the orbit.
- the internal space surrounded by the partition member 73 is at least 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 90 ° C. or higher when the steam nozzle 71 disposed in the internal space injects heated steam.
- a uniform atmospheric temperature of 105 ° C. or lower preferably 100 ° C. or lower.
- the atmospheric temperature in order to realize a long-term guarantee of the best-before period, it is preferable to set the atmospheric temperature at 90 to 105 ° C. and the soy milk coagulated article temperature at 90 to 100 ° C.
- the entrances and exits of the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 may be provided with a steam leakage prevention means such as a water seal seal in addition to the above-mentioned warming, enhancing airtightness and surrounded by a partition member 73.
- the inside of the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 may be slightly pressurized (atmospheric pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure) to maintain an atmospheric temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 105 ° C. or lower.
- the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 steam is sprayed from the steam nozzle 71 toward the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19, respectively. Further, the internal space defined by the partition member 73 is filled with the steam blown from the steam nozzle 71. Thereby, the whole interior space is heated to said atmospheric temperature, and the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyance conveyors 15 and 19 are heat-sterilized with high efficiency.
- the molding apparatus 100 having the above-described configuration compresses and molds the soymilk coagulum T according to the following procedure. That is, the soymilk coagulum T is supplied between the pair of filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19 that are respectively disposed above and below the conveyance path 11.
- This soymilk coagulated product T is produced by adding a coagulant such as bittern to soymilk produced by an apparatus (not shown), and is continuously coagulated, molded and aged in a sheet form.
- the soymilk coagulum T passes between the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19 above and below the conveyor path 11. At that time, the soymilk coagulum T is pressurized by the upper and lower conveyors 15 and 19 through the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and becomes pressed tofu.
- sheet-like tofu such as fried dough, cotton tofu, soft cotton, silk fried dough having a molding dimension height (thickness) of 1 to 150 mm and width of 300 to 3000 mmcan be mass-produced efficiently.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19 after the soymilk coagulum T is squeezed and molded are transported to the washing and washing sections 55 and 57 in the return process of the orbit.
- the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 above the transport path 11 will be described.
- the water washing / cleaning section 55 high-pressure washing water is sprayed onto the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyor 15. Thereby, the residue of the soymilk coagulum T adhering to the surfaces of the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyor 15 and the discharged whey are washed.
- cleaning part 55 sprays high-pressure washing water from the back side (tofu non-contact side) of the filter cloth belt 13, and drops the tofu cake on the front side of the filter cloth belt 13.
- spraying from the front side (tofu contact side) may break up the tofu cake into pieces and drop it on the back side, and it may be configured to spray from the front side next to the back side.
- the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyer 15 after high-pressure washing are conveyed to the alkali washing tank 43.
- the alkali cleaning tank 43 decomposes and cleans organic substances such as oil and protein by immersing the transported filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 in the stored alkaline liquid. Thereby, the fine residue of the soymilk coagulum T adhering to the filter cloth belt 13 or the conveyor 15 is removed by the alkaline solution.
- the immersion time in the alkaline solution is 1 second or longer, preferably 60 seconds or longer, 3600 seconds or shorter, preferably 600 seconds or shorter.
- the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 immersed in the alkali cleaning tank 43 are pulled up from the alkaline solution and transported to the water washing and cleaning unit 59.
- the washing water is sprayed onto the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 in the same manner as described above, and the alkaline liquid in the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 is washed away.
- the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyer 15 that have passed through the water washing and washing unit 59 are conveyed to the acid washing tank 47.
- the acid cleaning tank 47 neutralizes the alkali components that can remain in minute amounts by immersing the transported filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 in the stored acid solution, and also inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate. Dissolve (scale) and wash.
- the immersion time in the acid solution is 1 second or longer, preferably 60 seconds or longer, 3600 seconds or shorter, preferably 600 seconds or shorter.
- the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 immersed in the acid cleaning tank 47 are pulled up from the acid solution and transported to the water washing and cleaning unit 63.
- the washing water is sprayed onto the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 in the same manner as described above, and the acid solution on the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 is washed away.
- the filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15 that have passed through the water washing and cleaning unit 63 are transported to the steam sterilization tank 51.
- the steam sterilization tank 51 sprays high-temperature atmospheric pressure sprayed from the steam nozzle 71 onto the transported filter cloth belt 13 and the transport conveyor 15.
- the passing time (retention time) per one time is 1 second or longer, preferably 5 seconds or longer, more preferably 10 seconds or longer, 3600 Seconds or less, preferably 600 seconds or less.
- the required sterilization action can be obtained by heating at an atmospheric temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and 105 ° C. or lower for a residence time of 1 second or longer. Further, if the residence time is 10 seconds or more, a more remarkable sterilizing action can be obtained. On the other hand, if the residence time exceeds 3600 seconds, the sterilizing effect is difficult to increase, the quality of the tofu flavor and the like is deteriorated, and there are restrictions on the length and space of the continuous molding apparatus.
- the above immersion time and passage time can be adjusted by controlling the circulation speed of the filter cloth belt 13 and the conveyor 15. Further, the above-described immersion time and passage time may be designed to be long by turning back or pulling out a large number of orbits of the return portions by a plurality of driven rollers 29. Appropriate ones can be adopted as each driving method, adjustment, and control method for adjusting the immersion time and passage time.
- the filter cloth belt 17 and the transport conveyor 19 below the transport path 11 have the same configuration, and are similarly cleaned and sterilized. Processing is performed. That is, in the return process, the filter cloth belt 17 and the transport conveyor 19 pass through the water washing and cleaning unit 57, the alkali washing tank 45, the water washing and washing unit 61, the acid washing tank 49, the water washing and washing unit 65, and the steam sterilization tank 53 in this order. Then, it is washed and sterilized. Then, it returns to a sending process again.
- the molding apparatus 100 of the present configuration includes (1) washing with water, (2) washing with alkali, and (3) washing with water in the return step after the soy milk coagulum T is separated from the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19.
- the steps of washing, (4) acid washing, (5) washing with water, and (6) steam sterilization are performed in this order.
- contamination of the soymilk coagulum T adhering to the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyance conveyors 15 and 19 can be removed completely.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 have a cloth property to which the residue of the soymilk coagulate T, bacteria, etc. are likely to adhere, but unnecessary substances are surely removed by the above-described washing and sterilization treatment.
- vegetative cells such as vegetative cells and heat-resistant spore bacteria attached to the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyor belts 15 and 19 can be removed and sterilized more reliably than before.
- the number of primary bacteria can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the growth of microorganisms (fungi) during storage of tofu can be suppressed over a long period of time. As a result, tofu can be stored for a long time, and the expiration date can be extended.
- the soy milk coagulate T is heated at the time of contact with the soy milk coagulum T in the feeding process.
- An effect or a heat retaining effect is obtained.
- softening due to the temperature drop of the soymilk coagulum T is prevented, and the binding property of tofu (dough) is improved.
- the caterpillar plate 38 constituting the conveyors 15 and 19 has an elongated shape in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction thereof, and supports the flexible filter cloth belts 13 and 17. Therefore, the opposed surface of the caterpillar plate 38 toward the soymilk coagulum T is formed as a flat surface.
- the caterpillar plate 38 uses a member having at least a straight portion on one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cross section.
- the caterpillar plate 38 may be a member having at least a facing surface facing the soymilk coagulum T as a flat surface, and at least any one of the outer peripheral surfaces may have a flat surface. Thereby, the heat-transfer area to the soymilk coagulum T is widened, and the heating efficiency and heat retention efficiency of tofu are increased.
- a steel plate such as a flat steel having a large thickness can be suitably used. Therefore, the heat insulation and heat storage properties are improved as compared with the conventional thin caterpillar plate, and the amount of heat that can be held by heating increases. Therefore, the soymilk coagulum T can be indirectly transferred through the filter cloth belts 13 and 17, and at least a temperature drop of the tofu due to heat radiation can be suppressed.
- the caterpillar plate 38 may be a metal plate material having a smooth surface and high bending rigidity, such as aluminum, iron, copper, and titanium.
- a stainless steel material having a low thermal conductivity ⁇ 20 W / mK
- SUS304 thermal conductivity: about 15 W / mK
- the caterpillar plate 38 is made of a material having low thermal conductivity, the amount of heat of the heated soy milk coagulum T is difficult to be transmitted to the caterpillar plate 38. As a result, the soy milk coagulated substance T is converted into an optimum predetermined temperature range in tofu molding. Easy to maintain.
- the caterpillar plate 38 is made of ceramic, resin (engineering plastics such as polypropylene, fluororesin, PEEK, etc.), FRP (resin with a reinforcing core material such as resin containing glass fiber or PEEK containing carbon fiber), natural or A member having desired heat resistance and rigidity, such as synthetic stone, natural or synthetic wood, can be used.
- resin engineering plastics such as polypropylene, fluororesin, PEEK, etc.
- FRP refsin with a reinforcing core material such as resin containing glass fiber or PEEK containing carbon fiber
- natural or A member having desired heat resistance and rigidity such as synthetic stone, natural or synthetic wood, can be used.
- materials that have been certified by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the United States, or materials that conform to food hygiene law standard tests, etc. may be used.
- the thermal conductivity of resins is sufficiently lower than that of carbon steel, such as about 47 W / mK, and is about 0.2 W / mK at room temperature. Therefore, even relatively flexible resins can be applied to the caterpillar plate 38 if a composite material is formed by combining high-strength materials (metals).
- the thickness of the caterpillar plate 38 is in the range of 4 to 200 mm. Considering weight and strength in particular, it is preferable to use a flat steel or square steel with a large wall thickness within a range of 10 to 25 mm. Considering the amount of heat stored as the heat storage material, the thickness of the caterpillar plate 38 is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 mm.
- the width of the caterpillar plate 38 along the traveling direction is 10 to 100 mm, and the length in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction is 300 to 3000 mm. Particularly preferred dimensions are a width of 20 to 80 mm, a length of 1000 to 2000 mm, and a height (thickness) of 10 to 100 mm.
- the surface of the caterpillar plate 38 (only the back side or the entire surface) is polished (buffing, electrolytic polishing, etc.) to improve slidability, smoothness and wear resistance, hard chromium, chromium nitride, titanium nitride, ceramic, etc.
- Surface hardening / smoothing treatment (ceramic spraying, etc.), surface treatment with fluororesin or various resins (resin coating, etc.), or a combination of these may be applied.
- the conveyance conveyors 15 and 19 may be in any form as long as the conveyor belts 15 and 19 that are in contact with the soymilk coagulum T can be supported on the flat surface from the back side of the filter cloth belts 13 and 17.
- it may be a caterpillar type conveyor in which a large number of rigid substantially flat plate members are connected by a connecting means such as a chain.
- it may be an endless conveyor composed of a number of flat plates such as an apron conveyor, a slat conveyor, a top plate conveyor, a top chain conveyor, and a flat top chain conveyor.
- ⁇ Caterpillar type conveyors and top chain conveyors are configured such that a flat plate and one to several chains are integrated, and the flat plate and the flat plate are connected by a chain to be freely bent. Sprockets are attached before and after the transport path, and the chain is engaged with the sprockets. The conveyor is driven and driven by driving this chain.
- plate conveyors, apron conveyors, and slat conveyors both ends of flat plates are fixed to a rotating chain, and a large number of flat plates are connected.
- the conveyor is transported and driven by meshing and driving the chain with sprockets arranged in the front and rear of the transport direction.
- the motor for driving the conveyor is disposed on the rotating shaft at the front end (upstream side) of the conveyor feed process via a speed variable adjusting device such as an inverter or a speed reducer.
- a speed variable adjusting device such as an inverter or a speed reducer.
- the above-mentioned sprocket is attached to this drive motor to constitute a drive unit.
- a sprocket is also attached to the rotary shaft at the rear end of the conveyor feed process to form a driven portion.
- FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the molding apparatus of the second configuration example cut along a plane orthogonal to the conveyance direction.
- the molding apparatus 100A of this configuration uses a hollow caterpillar plate 38A having a hollow portion such as a steel square pipe or a steel pipe material instead of the caterpillar plate 38 in the conveyors 15 and 19 of the first configuration example described above. ing.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the molding apparatus 100 of the first configuration example.
- Steel pipe material with a hollow cross section such as a square pipe is a general steel pipe and is available at a relatively low cost.
- square pipes have less surface irregularities than other shaped steels, are easy to clean, and can be reduced in weight while having high rigidity.
- the steel pipe material has a height of 5 mm or more, preferably a height of 10 mm or more, and can be used up to 100 mm.
- the short side (side along the traveling direction) of the caterpillar plate 38A as viewed from above is preferably 20 to 150 mm, and the long side (side orthogonal to the traveling direction) is preferably 500 to 2500 mm.
- the thickness of a rectangular steel tube having a rectangular or square cross section can be appropriately selected within a range of 1 to 10 mm.
- the caterpillar plate 38A is preferably a square pipe having a thickness of 2 to 8 mm in view of the relationship between weight, strength and thermal conductivity.
- the caterpillar plate 38A has a low specific heat when the section heated in the return process is a short section or a section immediately before the soymilk coagulated substance T on the inlet side of the transport path 11, It is preferable to use a metal member having a thin wall thickness. If the section to be heated is long, it is preferable to use a metal having a high specific heat and a large thickness, or a highly rigid resin member having a rigidity equal to or higher than that of a metal.
- the thin plate material has high heat dissipation (easy to cool), and settles quickly in a steady state of heat transfer after being close to the soymilk coagulum T.
- the member having a large thickness has a large heat capacity, it is slow to settle in a steady state of heat transfer after being close to the soymilk coagulum T, so that the heat radiation of the soymilk coagulate T can be suppressed.
- the caterpillar plate 38A may have a heat insulating material H or a heat storage material F assembled in a hollow portion. Only one or both of the heat insulating material H and the heat storage material F may be arranged in the hollow portion. Moreover, the form by which only the air with low heat conductivity is sealed as the heat insulation heat insulating material H in the hollow part may be sufficient.
- These heat insulation and heat storage material H and heat storage material F are arranged in a substantially box shape in the hollow portion of the hollow structure or filled with a material, as shown in FIG. You may arrange
- the heat insulating heat insulating material H can be a heat insulating heat insulating material such as a commercially available vacuum heat insulating material (thermal conductivity: 0.0012 to 0.005 W / mK) or a foamed resin molded product, or a foamed resin (granular foamed urethane). Resin, granular foamed polystyrene resin, foamed silicone resin), heat insulating members such as foam rubber, or heat insulating raw materials such as organic dried products such as wood chips and dry okara.
- This heat insulation heat insulating material H is a form in which the heat insulation heat insulation material is arranged in the hollow part, a form in which foamed resins are foamed in the hollow part, and a fluid, powder, or liquid as a heat insulation raw material in the hollow part. Any of a filled form, a form including a heat insulating region such as a vacuum heat insulation in which the hollow portion is degassed, decompressed, and sealed as a vacuum may be used.
- the hollow portion In a form in which the hollow portion is sealed in a reduced pressure state where the air is thin or in a vacuum state where almost no air exists, convection of the air in the hollow portion hardly occurs. In addition, heat dissipation is reduced, and heat insulation and heat retaining properties are further enhanced. Therefore, in this embodiment, the heat dissipation of the soymilk coagulum T can be suppressed with high efficiency and relatively inexpensively, and the quality of tofu can be improved.
- the pressure in the reduced pressure state or the vacuum state may be 0 to 0.1 MPa as an absolute pressure ( ⁇ 0.1 to 0 MPa as a relative pressure) and may be equal to or lower than atmospheric pressure.
- a vacuum or vacuum member such as a vacuum heat insulating material developed for commercial home appliances (refrigerators) is housed in a hollow portion may be used.
- the heat insulation heat insulating material H provided in the hollow portion is a gas other than air, such as carbon dioxide gas, ethane gas, ethylene gas, inert gas such as nitrogen gas, argon gas, krypton gas, xenon gas, etc. Can be used.
- the thermal conductivity of air is 0.0241 W / mK
- the thermal conductivity of argon gas is 0.0168 W / mK
- the thermal conductivity of krypton gas is 0.0087 W / mK
- the thermal conductivity of xenon gas is 0.0052 W / mK.
- the heat storage material F has a large specific heat, and a latent heat storage material by phase change is preferably used.
- a latent heat storage material by phase change is preferably used.
- “Passamo: registered trademark” manufactured by Tamai Kasei
- it may be a sugar alcohol, an inorganic salt hydrate, an organic acid salt hydrate or the like having a freezing point or a melting point at a melting point of 50 ° C. to 120 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 105 ° C.
- a phase change heat storage material a sensible heat storage material, or the like
- water oil (especially solid fat, hardened oil, etc.), inorganic substances (sand, alumina, magnesium oxide, ceramic beads (powder), etc.), organic substances (resin beads, organic latent heat storage materials such as diatomaceous earth), etc.
- substances having a melting point or freezing point of 60 ° C. to 105 ° C. can be used.
- water under atmospheric pressure is also included in the sensible heat storage material.
- the heat storage material F is appropriately selected within a range in which the caterpillar plate 38A is heavy and the mechanical strength is increased to make the machine too heavy or not expensive.
- the caterpillar plate 38A can be further reduced in radiant heat and thermal conductivity by applying copper foil, aluminum foil, resin lining, or the like to prevent radiant heat inside the hollow portion.
- the heat insulating heat retaining material H and the heat storage material F can be combined with each other by appropriately combining the impregnated materials such as the surface of the caterpillar plate 38A (front surface, back surface, side surface, inner surface, etc.) or impregnating them.
- the heat storage function can be enhanced.
- the heat radiation suppression effect can be further enhanced by performing a process for suppressing the heat transfer coefficient such as resin coating on the surface of the member of the caterpillar plate 38A.
- the heat insulation heat insulating material H and the heat storage material F may be detachable in a replaceable manner, and the way of combining them is not particularly limited.
- the following materials can be used as the latent heat storage material. That is, thritol (melting point 90 ° C.), erythritol (melting point 90 ° C.), xylitol (melting point 94 ° C.) having a melting point or freezing point in the range of at least 50 ° C., at most 120 ° C., preferably in the range of 60 to 105 ° C.
- Polyols such as sorbitol (melting point 106 ° C.), sugar alcohols, sodium acetate trihydrate (melting point 58 ° C.), trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (melting point 75 ° C.), sodium tetraborate decahydrate Product (melting point 75 ° C.), barium hydroxide octahydrate (melting point 78 ° C.), chromium (III) chloride hexahydrate (melting point 83 ° C.), cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (melting point 86 ° C.), Phase transition type heat storage materials such as inorganic salt hydrates such as magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (melting point 89 ° C), potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (melting point 93 ° C), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (melting point 117 ° C) , Liquids such as water, fats and oils, fatty acids (stea
- Sensible heat storage materials such as organic powders, metal powders such as iron powder, mineral powders such as sand, alumina, ceramic and concrete, and powders of inorganic salts such as salt and calcium sulfate, and other heat storage effects can be expected
- the material is not particularly limited as long as the material can be filled in the hollow portion.
- FIG. 7A to 7H are sectional views of a caterpillar plate 38A having a hollow structure and having a hollow structure.
- the caterpillar plate 38 ⁇ / b> A is not limited to the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 7A made of the steel pipe (square steel pipe, square pipe) 111 described above.
- FIG. 7E the octagonal steel pipe 125 shown in FIG. 7F, and a deformed steel pipe (a rectangular steel pipe) in which one side of the rectangle shown in FIG. 127 and the trapezoidal steel pipe 129 shown to FIG. 7H may be sufficient.
- the lower surface is flat and becomes a flat portion 130 that is close to the soy milk coagulum T via the filter cloth belts 13 and 17.
- Surfaces other than the flat portion 130 on the lower side in the drawing are not particularly limited, such as a curved surface or a straight surface.
- examples of the steel pipe that can be used for the caterpillar plate 38A include a quadrangular shape having a rounded corner, a square shape, a rectangular shape, a trapezoid shape close to a square shape, and a rhombus shape.
- it may be a shape using a cross-section H-shaped, I-shaped, T-shaped, Z-shaped or the like, or a polygonal steel pipe having a cross-section such as a pentagon.
- the caterpillar plate 38A is an angle steel, an unequal angle angle steel, a channel steel (C steel), a joist steel, an etch steel (H steel), a lip groove shape steel, a flat bar (flat steel), etc. These shapes may be combined as appropriate to form a substantially square pipe with a square cross section or a substantially L-shaped cross section, and a hollow portion may be provided inside.
- FIG. 8A to 8O are cross-sectional views of the caterpillar plate 38A provided with the heat insulating heat insulating material H or the heat storage material F.
- FIG. 8A to 8C and FIGS. 8E to 8I are forms in which the heat insulating material H or the heat storage material F is incorporated in the hollow portion 117 of each caterpillar plate 38A shown in FIGS. 7A to 7H.
- FIG. 8D shows a configuration in which only one angle steel 119 is formed from the configuration shown in FIG. 8C.
- FIG. 8J shows a form in which the heat insulating heat insulating material H or the heat storage material F is incorporated into the groove inside of the grooved steel (C-shaped steel) 113.
- FIG. 8K shows a form in which the heat insulating and heat insulating material H or the heat storage material F is laminated using the grooved steel 114A having a shallower groove depth than the grooved steel 113 of FIG. 8J.
- FIG. 8L shows a form using a grooved steel 114B having a groove depth deeper than the grooved steel 113 of FIG. 8J.
- FIG. 8M shows a form in which the heat insulating material H or the heat storage material F are respectively incorporated into a pair of spaces in the middle part of the H-shaped steel 131.
- FIG. 8N shows a form in which the heat storage material F is incorporated into a pair of spaces of the H-section steel 131 and the heat insulation heat insulation material H or the heat storage material F is laminated on one side surface (upper surface in the drawing) of the H-section steel 131.
- FIG. 8O is the form which laminated
- FIGS. 9A to 9O are cross-sectional views of the caterpillar plate 38A provided with both the heat insulating and heat insulating material H and the heat storage material F.
- FIG. FIGS. 9A to 9O correspond to FIGS. 8A to 8O, respectively, and show a form in which the heat insulating and heat insulating material H and the heat storage material F are stacked.
- the thermal storage material F and the heat insulation heat insulating material H are laminated
- FIG. Similarly, in other FIGS. 9B to 9O, the heat storage material F and the heat insulation material H are laminated in this order from the flat portion 130 side.
- FIG. 9D, FIG. 9E, FIG. 9H, and FIG. 9M are forms in which the heat insulating and heat insulating material H is locally connected to the flat portion 130. In these forms, the heat insulating and heat insulating material H is formed so as to cover the heat storage material F.
- a coagulant solution is put into soy milk (60-95 ° C.), coagulated, stirred and aged, then the coagulated product is broken, and the soy milk coagulated product T thus obtained is formed into a molding apparatus 100 Transfer (include).
- this soymilk coagulated product T is naturally dehydrated and squeezed and dehydrated and reaches the outlet of the conveying path 11 of the molding apparatus 100A, continuous sheet-shaped tofu, for example, cotton tofu (dough) is obtained.
- the caterpillar plate 38A provided with the heat insulating heat insulating material H and the heat storage material F, the product temperature at the entrance of the conveyance path 11 of the molding apparatus 100A (the soymilk coagulated product temperature at the coagulator outlet),
- the temperature difference ⁇ T from the product temperature at the outlet of the conveyance path 11 (the temperature of the tofu at the outlet) can be made within ⁇ 10 ° C., preferably within ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the product temperature (upper and lower surface temperature and core temperature) of the sheet-like tofu at the outlet of the molding apparatus 100A is the temperature at which the soy milk coagulum is incorporated into the molding apparatus 100A (processing by a crushing and leveling apparatus after coagulation aging)
- the temperature difference ⁇ T of the product temperature that decreases with respect to the product temperature of the soymilk coagulum before and after is preferably within ⁇ 15 ° C.
- ⁇ T is within ⁇ 10 ° C., and more preferably ⁇ T is ⁇ 5 ° C. or less. By doing so, the tofu temperature at the outlet of the conveyance path 11 of the molding apparatus 100A is maintained at 60 to 80 ° C.
- the tofu product temperature can be increased by positively using a heating apparatus (details will be described later).
- a heating apparatus By heating the tofu product temperature in the range of 60 to 100 ° C., preferably 70 to 95 ° C. for a predetermined time, it is possible to improve the physical properties and flavor of the tofu, and to prevent bacterial contamination in the surrounding environment of the tofu.
- Bactericidal effects of bacteria that are vegetative cells other than spores can be expected by suppressing bacterial growth and maintaining a sanitary environment.
- the heating time is set to be substantially the same as or less than the molding time passing through the conveyance path 11 and is 1 to 3600 seconds, preferably 3 to 1200 seconds so that at least a predetermined product temperature maintenance and sterilization effect can be obtained.
- the above heating device can be appropriately arranged in the feeding process of the conveyors 15 and 19, but the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 (see FIG. 1) in the return process described above can be used as the heating device. That is, the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 heat the conveyors 15 and 19 by high temperature steam sterilization, and the temperature of the conveyors 15 and 19 when reaching the transport path 11 of the soymilk coagulated product T is described above. Increase or maintain temperature range. Since the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 are arranged in the final track portion of the return process, the transport conveyors 15 and 19 heated in the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 are transported in the transport process 11 of the feeding process before the temperature is greatly reduced. Can be reached.
- the soymilk coagulum T is heated or kept warm via the conveyers 15 and 19 which are heated and stored.
- Each caterpillar plate 38 ⁇ / b> A can heat the soymilk coagulum T being conveyed by transferring the amount of heat held by the heat insulation and heat insulation material H and the heat storage material F to the soymilk coagulum T being conveyed.
- the heat insulation heat retention property can delay the temperature fall of the soymilk coagulum T by heat radiation, and can prevent a temperature fall.
- the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19 can be cleaned and heated in the region of the return process in the circulation track.
- sterilization can be achieved while preventing bacterial contamination / growth more than before, soy protein binding and gelation are promoted, tofu elasticity is increased, and coagulation temperature and coagulant amount can be adjusted appropriately.
- the tofu has a fine structure, water separation is suppressed, and umami outflow is also prevented. As a result, it is possible to produce more resilient and high-quality tofu with hygiene and produce delicious cotton tofu close to traditional handmade and tofu such as finely-fried soft fried tofu.
- the molding apparatus 100A may have a configuration in which a heating device is provided separately from the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 in addition to the configuration using the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53 as the heating device.
- the heating device can be provided in any one of the feeding process, the returning process, and the turning process of the circular orbits of the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19, a plurality of these processes, or a part of each process. And the structure which heats the whole other than the structure which heats the required minimum predetermined range may be sufficient as a heating apparatus.
- the heat retention of tofu means that the vicinity surrounding the tofu conveyed in the conveying path 11 is preferably always maintained at 60 ° C. to 105 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 105 ° C. even for a short time. . Further, it is preferable to keep the same temperature in the range of 60 ° C. to 105 ° C. or to raise the temperature. However, even if the temperature is slightly lowered due to heat radiation, the temperature is kept or heated so that it does not fall below the lower limit temperature of 60 ° C. Means that. Even if the temperature falls, it is temporary, and the ambient temperature of 60 to 105 ° C.
- the temperature of the tofu product is approximately 50% or more, preferably 70% or more of the total processing time of the tofu by the molding apparatus 100A (passing time of the conveyance path 11). As long as the temperature of the tofu product can be maintained at 60 to 100 ° C., it is in a commercially acceptable range.
- Hot water spray type heating device hot air spray type heating device that blows hot air adjusted to 60-200 ° C (for example, heat exchange with water vapor), dry heat / hot air generator (60-300 ° C)
- Hot air heaters such as sheathed heaters made of nichrome wire, infrared heaters, heat storage heaters, heaters such as heat pumps and heaters with air blow fans), hot air heaters with steam indirect heaters, overheated steam heaters, etc. can be used It is.
- the heating device supplies hot water at 60 to 100 ° C., showers (spreading, sprinkling) and pours (collects the drainage, reheats and circulates it), It may be in the form of a hot water heating apparatus using steam re-evaporated from such hot water. Moreover, you may use together combining said each heating apparatus suitably.
- the nozzle for spraying steam, hot water, and hot air may be any of a fixed type, a movable type, and a rotary type. Further, a hot water bath heating type in which hot water baths (60 to 100 ° C.) are always stored and the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 and the conveyors 15 and 19 are hidden in the hot water may be used.
- the heating device includes a control device such as a temperature adjustment function and a temperature recording function, a measurement / recording device, and the like, and is controlled to a desired temperature.
- a device that transfers and stores the heat content of the high-temperature soymilk coagulum to the conveyors 15 and 19 is one of the heating devices.
- the temperature of the soymilk coagulum is approximately 70 to 95 ° C.
- the heat content of the soymilk coagulum itself is not released by the heat insulation and heat storage function of the caterpillar plate of the conveyor without using a heating device.
- Heat dissipation can be suppressed. Even in such a case, the binding of tofu can be promoted and the elasticity can be improved as compared with the conventional method, and the quality of the tofu can be improved.
- the heating device may be used supplementarily only in the initial stage until just before the soymilk coagulum is received in the conveyance path of the molding apparatus 100A.
- the temperature of the soymilk coagulated product is 60 to 70 ° C.
- the temperature of the soymilk coagulated product may fall below 60 ° C. due to cooling in the subsequent steps, and therefore it is preferable to use a heating device as an auxiliary.
- the conveyors 15 and 19 and the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 are washed and sterilized during the production of tofu, as described above, at the time of washing after the end of production, hot water before starting production (warming up), etc.
- the above heating device can be used in combination during non-production. In that case, you may utilize the nozzle, piping, etc. of a heating apparatus as a washing nozzle and washing piping which spray a washing
- the parts of the conveyors 15 and 19 other than the heating device arrangement area are partially opened without being covered with a cover or the like, thereby facilitating visual confirmation and inspection of every corner of the apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the molding apparatus of the third configuration example cut along a plane orthogonal to the conveyance direction.
- the molding apparatus 100B of this configuration includes auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 in addition to the transport conveyors 15 and 19 of the second configuration example described above, and the filter cloth belt 17 is widened.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the molding apparatus 100A of the second configuration example.
- the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 of this configuration are arranged on both sides in the direction orthogonal to the circumferential direction of the conveyors 15 and 19, and are independently driven in synchronization with the conveyors 15 and 19.
- the filter cloth belt 17 is formed to have a concave cross section in which both end portions reach the upper portions of the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143.
- the molding apparatus 100B of this configuration by surrounding the soymilk coagulum T from the four directions of the upper side, the lower side, and the left and right sides, natural cooling from each direction is suppressed, and the soymilk coagulum T Thermal insulation is improved. Thereby, the binding of tofu is promoted to improve the elasticity, and the “with cloth” phenomenon in which the tofu adheres to the filter cloth belts 13 and 17 can be suppressed.
- the molding apparatus 100B of this configuration even a thick soy milk coagulum T can be stably conveyed, and high-quality tofu can be manufactured.
- the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 support the sides, so that the squeezing can be performed stably without being deformed. Molding becomes possible.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the molding apparatus of the fourth configuration example cut along a plane orthogonal to the conveyance direction.
- the molding apparatus 100C of this configuration includes filter cloth belts 145 and 147 corresponding to the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 of the above-described third configuration example.
- the circuit track of the filter cloth belt 145 is disposed outside (side) the auxiliary conveyor 141, and the filter cloth belt 147 is disposed outside (side) the auxiliary conveyor 143. Both ends of the filter cloth belt 17 along the transport conveyor 19 are disposed below the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 and the filter cloth belts 145 and 147.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the molding apparatus 100B of the third configuration example.
- the soymilk coagulated product T is individually surrounded by the transport conveyors 15 and 19 and the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 via the filter cloth belts from four directions. For this reason, it is possible to suppress natural cooling as described above, improve the heat retaining property, and heat efficiently. Further, even a thick soy milk coagulum T can be stably conveyed, promote binding of tofu, improve elasticity, and suppress the “with cloth” phenomenon.
- FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the molding apparatus of the fifth configuration example cut along a plane orthogonal to the conveyance direction.
- the molding apparatus 100D of this configuration does not include the filter cloth belts 145 and 147 in the molding apparatus 100C of the above-described fourth configuration example, and the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 are configured integrally with the transport conveyor 19. That is, the lower-side transport conveyor 149 of the present configuration is formed in a substantially U-shaped cross section having side wall portions that are folded back at both ends.
- the lower filter cloth belt 17 is formed in a concave cross section, and both end portions thereof reach the upper end of the side wall portion of the conveyor 149.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the molding apparatus 100C of the fourth configuration example.
- both ends of the caterpillar plate in the lower conveyor 149 are suspended as side walls.
- the lower side conveyor 149 is formed in a concave shape in the feeding step.
- the molding apparatus 100D only needs to include the pair of transport conveyors 15 and 149 on the lower side and the upper side, and independent auxiliary conveyors on the left and right sides are not necessary. Therefore, the device cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 13 is a partial sectional view of the molding apparatus of the sixth configuration example cut along a plane along the transport direction.
- a partial cover E is disposed away from the transport conveyor 15 on the side opposite to the transport path 11 of the soymilk coagulum T in the feeding process of the transport conveyor 15.
- one or a plurality of heating devices G are arranged between the partial cover E and the transport conveyor 15. That is, the partial cover E is disposed so as to cover a predetermined range of the transport conveyor 15 so that the heat energy from the heating device G disposed on the inner side of the partial cover E is efficiently transmitted to the transport conveyor 15.
- each of the caterpillar plates of the transfer conveyors 15 and 19 may be a flat caterpillar plate 38 as in the first configuration example shown in FIG. 2, and has a hollow portion as in the second configuration example shown in FIG.
- a caterpillar plate 38A having a structure may be used.
- the heating device G the heating devices having various configurations described above can be used.
- a partial cover E is provided that surrounds the circulation track of the conveyors 15 and 19, and the inside of the partial cover E is heated by a steam or hot air scattering type or a hot water spraying (spray) type. Heated by device G. For this reason, the heat energy from the heating device G can be efficiently heated within the range where the partial cover E is provided without being dissipated.
- the area within the partial cover E can be maintained at 60 ° C. to 105 ° C. Can be sterilized while preventing secondary bacterial contamination and growth.
- the partial cover E is disposed so as to surround a minimum necessary range on the circumference track of the conveyors 15 and 19 or on the periphery thereof. Thereby, it is possible to perform necessary heat treatment while minimizing the amount of heat supplied to the heating device G.
- the partial cover E and the heating device G are arranged at arbitrary positions such as a feeding process, a returning process, a turning process, etc. of the conveyors 15 and 19, and may be arranged at a plurality of positions as appropriate.
- the partial cover E covers the conveyors 15 and 19 locally, accurate temperature control can be quickly performed on the covered area, and heat treatment can be performed with a minimum heat amount and high responsiveness.
- the partial cover E is not limited to covering a part of the conveyors 15 and 19 but may be a cover that covers the whole.
- the molding apparatus 100E may further include a drainage device for draining a heat medium (steam condensed water, steam, hot air, etc.) to the outside of the partial cover E and an exhaust device for exhausting.
- a drainage device for draining a heat medium steam condensed water, steam, hot air, etc.
- an exhaust device for exhausting for exhausting.
- the conveyors 15 and 19 can be continuously operated smoothly for a long time.
- an auxiliary heating unit that auxiliaryly heats the atmosphere outside the partial cover E, it is possible to quickly reach the desired heating temperature.
- the partial cover E is made of a stainless steel plate or a resin plate (for example, acrylic resin (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET)) from the viewpoint of efficiently using the heating device G and suppressing heat dissipation to the outside air and loss of heating medium.
- a cover made of a vinyl chloride resin (PVC), a transparent plate material such as polypropylene resin (PP), or a cover with a heat insulating material is preferable.
- the partial cover E can be provided in at least one of, or a part or most of, the orbit of the conveyor conveyors 15 and 19, the feeding process in the vicinity thereof, the returning process, and the turning process. Moreover, it is preferable that the partial cover E forms the predetermined range of the conveyors 15 and 19 in a tunnel shape. In particular, in the feeding process of the transport conveyors 15 and 19, the transport conveyors 15 and 19 and the soy milk coagulum T to be transported may be locally provided so as to surround the smallest possible range.
- an automatic cleaning nozzle that sprays cleaning liquid or the like may be provided inside the partial cover E.
- the spraying range of the cleaning liquid is suppressed to the minimum necessary by the partial cover E, and the transfer conveyors 15 and 19 can be cleaned efficiently.
- the nozzle for automatic cleaning is also used as a nozzle for injecting steam, hot water, or hot air provided for cleaning the conveyors 15 and 19, it can be configured at a lower cost.
- the partial cover E may be provided with a window that can be partially opened and closed. In that case, it becomes easy to carry out visual confirmation after cleaning and inspection of every corner of the apparatus.
- This partial cover E is a seal member (resin / rubber member that can be sealed or sealed) that prevents leakage of the heating medium at the entrance and exit of the transport path 11 of the transport conveyors 15, 19, openings, gaps, etc. You may provide a sealing means etc. suitably.
- the partial cover E may be a cover that covers the orbit of the conveyors 15 and 19, the soy milk coagulum T to be transported, and the vicinity thereof in a necessary minimum range.
- a smaller volume in the partial cover E can suppress heating energy (running cost) and reduce temperature shortage and temperature unevenness.
- positioned below the conveyance path 11 may serve as the saucer and storage tank of a heating medium.
- the “with cloth” problem that occurs in the molding apparatus often occurs particularly in the lower filter cloth belt 17, and the “with cloth” problem that occurs in the molding apparatus for fried dough is particularly problematic in the upper filter cloth. It has been found that this often occurs in the belt 13. In a molding machine such as cotton tofu, it tends to occur on the lower filter cloth belt 17. Therefore, in order to more reliably solve this “with cloth” problem, the partial cover E is provided only on at least one of the transport conveyors on the lower side or the upper side of the transport path 11 and further heated. A heating device G may be provided. Furthermore, it is preferable to provide a heat insulating material H or a heat storage material F on the caterpillar plate.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view cut along a plane orthogonal to the conveying direction of the molding apparatus of the seventh configuration example.
- the molding device 100F of this configuration is a configuration in which a partial cover E and a heating device G are added to the molding device 100C shown in FIG. 11, and the other configurations are the same as those of the molding device 100C.
- the molding apparatus 100F having this configuration includes a partial cover E surrounding the transport conveyors 15A and 19A and the filter cloth belts 13A and 17A in the feeding process, and the auxiliary conveyors 141A and 143A and the filter cloth belts 145A and 147A in the feeding process. Outside the partial cover E, return conveyors 15B and 19B and filter cloth belts 13B and 17B, and return conveyors 141B and 143B and filter cloth belts 145B and 147B are arranged.
- a plurality of heating devices G are arranged inside the partial cover E.
- the heating device G is disposed between the partial cover E and the transport conveyors 15A and 19A, and between the partial cover E and the auxiliary conveyors 141A and 143A.
- These conveyors 15 and 19 and auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143 are each driven by a chain 39 to convey the soy milk coagulum T.
- the partial cover E can efficiently heat the inside of the partial cover E by integrally covering the predetermined range of the feeding process of the transport conveyors 15 and 19, the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143, and the filter cloth belts 13, 17, 145, and 147, It becomes easy to control the atmospheric temperature in the partial cover E to be constant.
- the soymilk coagulum T can be conveyed while heating the heat insulation heat insulating material and the heat storage material included in the conveyors 15 and 19 and the auxiliary conveyors 141 and 143, and the temperature of the soymilk coagulate T can be set within a predetermined temperature range.
- high quality tofu with good texture and taste can be obtained in a sanitary manner.
- FIG. 15A is a schematic partial side view of the molding apparatus of the eighth configuration example.
- the molding apparatus 100G having this configuration includes a partial cover E that covers the region of the feeding process of the conveyors 15 and 19, and a heating apparatus such as a steam injection type, a hot air spray type, or a hot water spray (spray) type inside the partial cover E. G.
- the orbit of the conveyors 15 and 19 in the illustrated example includes the steam sterilization tanks 51 and 53, the alkali cleaning tanks 43 and 45, the acid cleaning tanks 47 and 49, and the water cleaning and cleaning units 55, 57, 59, and 61 shown in FIG.
- the partial cover E and the heating device G may be provided in the middle of the conveyance of the respective parts for cleaning and sterilization shown in FIG.
- the partial cover E and the heating device G of this configuration are respectively arranged in the circulation tracks of the transfer conveyors 15 and 19.
- the partial cover E is disposed on the side opposite to the conveyance path 11 side of the heating device G.
- the conveyors 15 and 19 are adapted so that the applied pressure is increased by a pressing means (spring, air cylinder or the like) (not shown) toward the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the soymilk coagulum T, and according to the compaction of the soymilk coagulum T.
- a pressing means spring, air cylinder or the like
- the soy milk coagulum T (not shown) is conveyed downstream in the conveyance direction by the conveyors 15 and 19, the soy milk coagulum is strongly squeezed in the thickness direction, and whey and the like are more reliably Discharged. Thereby, the soymilk coagulum T can be molded into a thicker tofu.
- the partial cover E has a tunnel shape in a side view and covers a predetermined range of the conveyors 15 and 19. Therefore, the amount of heat from the heating device G is transmitted with high efficiency within a predetermined range of the conveyors 15 and 19.
- the heating area of the conveyors 15 and 19 is not limited to the area of the feeding process of the conveyors 15 and 19.
- FIG. 15B shows a schematic partial side view of the molding apparatus of the first modification.
- this molding apparatus 100H partial covers Ea and Eb are arranged on both the front and back sides in the return process of the conveyors 15 and 19, respectively.
- the heating apparatus G is arrange
- FIG. 15C shows a schematic partial side view of the molding apparatus of the second modified example.
- this molding apparatus 100I the entire return process area of the conveyors 15 and 19 is covered with the partial cover E, respectively.
- the heating device G is arranged in the circulation track of the conveyors 15 and 19 and between the return process area of the conveyors 15 and 19 and the partial cover E, respectively.
- the entire conveyors 15 and 19 are efficiently heated. Thereby, the temperature of the conveyors 15 and 19 can be uniformly controlled, and uneven heating is less likely to occur.
- FIG. 15D shows a schematic partial side view of the molding apparatus of the third modification.
- the heating device G is disposed between the partial cover E and the conveyors 15 and 19. That is, in this configuration, the partial cover E and the heating device G are arranged in a region immediately before reaching the feeding process in the return process of the conveyors 15 and 19.
- the caterpillar plate 38A can be heated immediately before reaching the feeding step, and the heating loss due to heat radiation during the orbital movement is reduced. Therefore, the heat treatment can be performed with the minimum necessary heating energy.
- FIG. 15E shows a schematic partial side view of the molding apparatus of the fourth modified example.
- this molding apparatus 100K partial covers Ea and Eb and a heating device G are arranged in a partial area of the return process of the conveyors 15 and 19 and on the downstream side of the feeding process.
- the partial covers Ea and Eb and the heating device G are provided at positions facing the front and back sides of the transport conveyors 15 and 19, respectively, and simultaneously heat the same region on both the front and back sides of the transport conveyors 15 and 19. Thereby, heat processing can be performed intensively in the downstream of a return process, and the space for heating can be gathered compactly.
- FIG. 16A is a schematic partial side view of the molding apparatus of the ninth configuration example.
- the partial cover Ea covers substantially all of the return process and the turning process of the conveyors 15 and 19, and is disposed on the side opposite to the conveyance path 11.
- the partial covers Eb and Ec are arranged in the circulation tracks of the transport conveyors 15 and 19, respectively.
- the partial cover Eb covers the returning process, and the partial cover Ec is arranged to cover the feeding process.
- the heating device G is disposed between the return process area of the transport conveyors 15 and 19 and each partial cover Ea, and between the feed process area of the transport conveyors 15 and 19 and each partial cover Ec. And the whole cover Ez which covers the whole apparatus of the shaping
- the molding apparatus 100L of this configuration has a double (multiple) cover structure by these partial covers Ea, Eb, and Ec and an entire cover Ez disposed on the outside thereof.
- the whole cover Ez is preferably a whole cover having a high transparency over substantially the entire surface from the management aspect such as inspection. Therefore, the material of the whole cover Ez is not required to have heat resistance, and is preferably a transparent resin plate material (polyethylene terephthalate resin, vinyl chloride resin, polycarbonate resin, etc.).
- the entire cover Ez by appropriately providing an exhaust facility, an intake facility, a drainage facility, etc. on the entire cover Ez, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of a heating medium such as hot air, steam, hot water from the heating device to the working environment in the molding apparatus 100L.
- the work environment can be prevented from becoming hot and humid.
- the whole cover Ez together with the partial covers Ea, Eb, and Ec it is possible to more reliably prevent the quality of tofu from being deteriorated due to drops of water drops or foreign matters.
- the manufacturing process of tofu is not influenced by the environmental temperature, the influence of the initial temperature of the machine is reduced, and the influence on the product temperature fluctuation of the tofu can be reduced.
- FIG. 16B shows a schematic partial side view of a molding apparatus according to a modification.
- the molding apparatus 100M includes an entire cover Ez that covers the entire molding apparatus 100M, and a heating device G that is disposed in the entire cover Ez. In this configuration, the partial cover is not disposed.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the molding apparatus 100L shown in FIG. 16A.
- the conveyors 15 and 19 are covered with the entire cover Ez, the heat dissipation of tofu can be suppressed even when the partial cover is not disposed. Furthermore, when the caterpillar plate 38A has a heat insulation and heat retention function and a heat storage function, the heat radiation suppression effect is synergistically enhanced, and the heat insulation effect can be improved. And since the heating energy from the heating apparatus G becomes easy to stay in the whole cover Ez, the energy consumption of the heating apparatus G can be reduced.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be modified by those skilled in the art based on combinations of the configurations of the embodiments, descriptions in the specification, and well-known techniques. Application is also within the scope of the present invention and is within the scope of protection.
- a process equivalent to cleaning and sterilization of the filter cloth belt performed by the molding apparatus 100 was verified using an element test machine. The contents and results are described below.
- the D value described above is a numerical value indicating the heat resistance of microorganisms, and represents the time (minutes) for setting the number of bacteria to 1/10 at a predetermined temperature.
- test group 2 300 g of commercially available cotton tofu and 18.3 g of Bacillus cereus fungus solution (test group 2) are weighed and stirred with a mixer until a paste (assuming the worst condition of the coagulated state) is obtained.
- Test group 3 300 g of commercially available cotton tofu and 18.3 g of Bacillus cereus fungus solution (test group 2) are weighed and stirred with a mixer until a paste (assuming the worst condition of the coagulated state) is obtained.
- the paste obtained in step 2 is applied to the sample cloth of the filter cloth belt with a spatula (applying about 3 g per 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm) and left for 20 minutes.
- Processcess 4 The sample before washing is put in a sterile bag and stored in an environment with an ambient temperature of 4 ° C.
- Step 6 The stored pre-wash sample and post-wash sample are opened, and the number of general viable bacteria is measured.
- the general viable cell count is obtained by adding 100 g of a sterilized phosphate buffer to a sample cloth, extracting the bacteria, and measuring the number of the extracted bacteria.
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Abstract
Description
また、豆腐製造中の豆乳は60℃以上に加熱されるために菌数が少ないが、豆乳凝固後に常温まで冷まされた豆腐は菌の温床になりやすい。そのため、豆腐製造設備のコンベア等の機器を殺菌し、豆腐表面への菌の付着を防止する必要がある。この種のコンベア等の機器を殺菌する技術は、従来より提案されている(例えば、特許文献3参照)。
(1) 外側を周回する無端状の濾布ベルトと内側を周回する無端状の搬送コンベアとが上下に各1対設けられ、豆乳凝固物を上下の前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアにより挟持しながら搬送して圧搾成型する豆腐類の連続成型装置であって、
前記濾布ベルトの周回軌道のうち、前記豆乳凝固物が挟持される搬送路の終端部から再び前記搬送路の始端部に戻されるまでの戻り工程において、前記戻り工程内の所定範囲を加熱して殺菌する加熱部を備えることを特徴とする豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(2) 外側を周回する無端状の濾布ベルトと内側を周回する無端状の搬送コンベアとが上下に各1対設けられ、豆乳凝固物を上下の前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアにより挟持しながら搬送して圧搾成型する豆腐類の連続成型装置であって、
前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアの周回軌道のうち、前記豆乳凝固物が挟持される搬送路の終端部から再び前記搬送路の始端部に戻されるまでの戻り工程又は前記搬送路の始端部から前記搬送路の終端部までの送り工程の少なくともいずれか一方において、前記戻り工程内又は前記送り工程内の前記搬送コンベアの所定範囲をそれぞれ加熱して殺菌する加熱部を備えることを特徴とする豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(3) 前記加熱部は、加熱された蒸気を噴射する蒸気ノズルを備えることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(4) 前記加熱部は、前記所定範囲を囲む仕切り部材を有し、前記仕切り部材により囲まれた内部空間を加熱することを特徴とする(1)乃至(3)のいずれか一つに記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(5) 前記加熱部により加熱される前記所定範囲の雰囲気温度は、60℃以上、105℃以下であることを特徴とする(1)乃至(4)のいずれか一つに記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(6) 前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアは、前記所定範囲を通過する際の1回当たりの通過時間が1秒以上、3600秒以下となる周回速度で駆動されることを特徴とする(5)に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(7) 前記濾布ベルトの戻り工程内に、前記濾布ベルトの周回方向上流側から下流側に向けて、前記濾布ベルトをアルカリ液により洗浄するアルカリ洗浄部と、前記濾布ベルトを酸液により洗浄する酸洗浄部と、前記加熱部と、がこの順で配置されることを特徴とする(1)乃至(6)のいずれか一つに記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(8) 前記搬送コンベアの戻り工程内に、前記搬送コンベアの周回方向上流側から下流側に向けて、前記搬送コンベアをアルカリ液により洗浄するアルカリ洗浄部と、前記搬送コンベアを酸液により洗浄する酸洗浄部と、前記加熱部と、がこの順で配置されることを特徴とする(1)乃至(6)のいずれか一つに記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(9)前記戻り工程内における、前記アルカリ洗浄部の前記周回方向上流側、前記アルカリ洗浄部と前記酸洗浄部との間、及び、前記酸洗浄部と前記加熱部との間の少なくともいずれかに、前記濾布ベルトに洗浄水を吹き付ける水洗洗浄部を備えることを特徴とする(7)又は(8)に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(10) 前記水洗洗浄部は、前記搬送コンベアに洗浄水を高圧ポンプによって吹き付け可能に配置されることを特徴とする(9)に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(11) 前記アルカリ液は濃度0.5%以上、濃度10%以下のアルカリ液であり、
前記酸液は濃度0.1%以上で、濃度10%以下の酸液であることを特徴とする(7)乃至(10)のいずれか一つに記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(12) 前記搬送コンベアは、平鋼、形鋼、鋼管の少なくともいずれかを用いた多数のプレート部材を、無端状に連ねて構成したプレートコンベアであることを特徴とする(1)乃至(11)のいずれか一つに記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(13) 前記プレート部材は、中空部を有する中空構造であり、前記中空部に断熱保温材、蓄熱材の少なくともいずれかが配置されることを特徴とする(12)に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(14) 前記プレート部材は、中空部を有する中空構造であり、前記中空部は、減圧状態で密封された断熱領域を含んで構成されることを特徴とする(12)に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
(第1構成例)
図1は本発明の実施形態を説明するための図で、豆腐類の連続成型装置の概略的な全体構成図、図2は図1のII-II線断面図である。本構成の豆腐類の連続成型装置(以下、成型装置と略称する)100は、豆腐生地である豆乳凝固物Tの搬送路11の上方に、外側を周回する無端状の濾布ベルト13と、内側を周回する無端状の搬送コンベア15とが一対設けられ、搬送路11の下方に、外側を周回する無端状の濾布ベルト17と、内側を周回する無端状の搬送コンベア19とが一対設けられる。
本成型装置100は、濾布ベルト13及び搬送コンベア15の周回軌道における戻り工程の領域に、濾布ベルト13及び搬送コンベア15の周回方向上流側から下流側に向けて、アルカリ洗浄部としてのアルカリ洗浄槽43と、酸洗浄部としての酸洗浄槽47と、加熱部としての蒸気殺菌槽51とがこの順で配置される。また、濾布ベルト17及び搬送コンベア19の周回軌道における戻り工程の領域にも同様に、上記周回方向上流側から下流側に向けて、アルカリ洗浄槽45と、酸洗浄槽49と、蒸気殺菌槽53とがこの順で配置される。
上記構成の成型装置100は、次の手順で豆乳凝固物Tを圧搾成型する。すなわち、搬送路11の上方及び下方にそれぞれ配置された一対の濾布ベルト13,17及び搬送コンベア15,19の間に、豆乳凝固物Tが供給される。この豆乳凝固物Tは、図示しない装置により製造された、豆乳にニガリ等の凝固剤が添加され、シート状に連続的に凝固・成型・熟成されたものである。
次に、上記の搬送コンベア15,19の構成について、更に詳細に説明する。
図3,図4に示すように、搬送コンベア15,19を構成するキャタピラプレート38は、その進行方向に直交する方向に細長い形状であり、柔軟な濾布ベルト13,17を支持する。そのため、キャタピラプレート38の豆乳凝固物Tに向かう対向面は平坦面に形成される。換言すれば、キャタピラプレート38は、その断面の外周面の一辺に、少なくとも直線部を有する部材が用いられる。つまり、キャタピラプレート38は、少なくとも豆乳凝固物Tに向かう対向面が平坦面である部材であって、最低でも外周面のいずれか1面が平坦面を呈する部材であればよい。これにより、豆乳凝固物Tへの伝熱面積を広くして、豆腐類の加熱効率や保温効率が高められる。
次に、濾布ベルトと搬送コンベアの他の構成例について説明する。以降の説明においては、対応する部材又は同一の部材には同一の符号を付与することで、その説明を簡単化又は省略する。
図5は第2構成例の成型装置を搬送方向に直交する面で切断した一部断面図である。本構成の成型装置100Aは、前述の第1構成例の搬送コンベア15,19におけるキャタピラプレート38の代わりに、鋼製の角パイプや鋼管材等の中空部を有する中空構造のキャタピラプレート38Aを用いている。その他の構成は、第1構成例の成型装置100と同様である。
なお、上記の加熱装置は、温度調節機能や温度記録機能等の制御装置や計測・記録装置等を備えて、所望の温度に制御される。
図10は第3構成例の成型装置を搬送方向に直交する面で切断した一部断面図である。本構成の成型装置100Bは、前述の第2構成例の搬送コンベア15,19に加えて、補助コンベア141,143を備え、濾布ベルト17を広幅にしている。その他の構成は第2構成例の成型装置100Aと同様である。
図11は第4構成例の成型装置を搬送方向に直交する面で切断した一部断面図である。本構成の成型装置100Cは、前述の第3構成例の補助コンベア141,143に対応する濾布ベルト145,147を備える。濾布ベルト145の周回軌道は、補助コンベア141の外側(側方)に配置され、濾布ベルト147は、補助コンベア143の外側(側方)に配置される。搬送コンベア19に沿う濾布ベルト17は、その両端が補助コンベア141,143及び濾布ベルト145,147の下方に配置される。その他の構成は第3構成例の成型装置100Bと同様である。
図12は第5構成例の成型装置を搬送方向に直交する面で切断した一部断面図である。本構成の成型装置100Dは、前述の第4構成例の成型装置100Cにおける濾布ベルト145,147を備えず、補助コンベア141,143が搬送コンベア19と一体に構成される。つまり、本構成の下方側の搬送コンベア149は、その両端が折り返して垂設された側壁部を有した断面略U字型に形成される。下方側の濾布ベルト17は、断面凹状に形成され、その両端部が搬送コンベア149の側壁部の上端まで届く形態になっている。その他の構成は第4構成例の成型装置100Cと同様である。
次に、搬送コンベア15,19に対面して設けた加熱装置の外側に、この加熱装置を覆う部分カバーを備えた第6構成例を説明する。
図13は第6構成例の成型装置を搬送方向に沿った面で切断した一部断面図である。本構成の成型装置100Eは、搬送コンベア15の送り工程における豆乳凝固物Tの搬送路11とは反対側に、搬送コンベア15から離間して部分カバーEが配置される。また、部分カバーEと搬送コンベア15との間には、1つ又は複数の加熱装置Gが配置される。つまり、部分カバーEは、その内側に配置された加熱装置Gからの熱エネルギーが、搬送コンベア15に効率よく伝達されるように、搬送コンベア15の所定範囲を覆って配置される。
図14は第7構成例の成型装置の搬送方向に直交する面で切断した模式的な一部断面図である。本構成の成型装置100Fは、図11に示す成型装置100Cに部分カバーEと加熱装置Gを追加した構成であり、その他の構成は成型装置100Cと同様である。
図15Aは第8構成例の成型装置の模式的な一部側面図である。本構成の成型装置100Gは、搬送コンベア15,19の送り工程の領域を覆う部分カバーEと、部分カバーEの内側に、蒸気噴射式や熱風吹付式や温水散布(スプレー)式等の加熱装置Gと、を備える。図示例の搬送コンベア15,19の周回軌道は、図1に示す蒸気殺菌槽51,53、アルカリ洗浄槽43,45、酸洗浄槽47,49、及び水洗洗浄部55、57,59,61を通過しない軌道であるが、図1に示す洗浄、殺菌用の上記各部位の搬送途中に、部分カバーEと加熱装置Gを設けた構成にしてもよい。
図16Aは第9構成例の成型装置の模式的な一部側面図である。本構成の成型装置100Lは、搬送コンベア15,19の送り工程、戻り工程、転回工程の略全てが、部分カバーEa,Eb,Ecによって覆われている。部分カバーEaは、搬送コンベア15,19の戻り工程と転回工程の略全てを覆い、搬送路11とは反対側に配置される。部分カバーEb,Ecは、搬送コンベア15,19の周回軌道内にそれぞれ配置される。部分カバーEbは戻り工程を覆い、部分カバーEcは送り工程を覆って配置される。
本検証の洗浄、殺菌条件は、賞味期限(4.4℃、65日)を保証できる衛生性を成型装置に持たせるために、過去に豆腐製品から分離された芽胞菌の中で最も耐熱性が強いもの(D100℃=4.57分)と同等以上の芽胞菌と更に耐熱性が強いセレウス菌とを用いて、植菌、洗浄・殺菌テストを実施した。なお、上記したD値とは、微生物の耐熱性を示す数値で、所定の温度で菌数を1/10にする時間(分)を表す。
・成型装置の濾布ベルトのサンプル布
材質:ポリプロピレン製濾布
サイズ:10cm×10cm
・ボイル殺菌された市販の木綿豆腐
・アルカリ洗浄槽
アルカリ液:水酸化ナトリウム溶液 濃度2% pH13.2 温度90℃
・酸洗浄槽
酸液:クエン酸溶液 濃度1% pH2.4 温度90℃
・高圧洗浄装置
水圧:1MPa
噴射条件:ノズルを、幅70cmの範囲を4秒で往復する速度で移動させながら噴射する。
・蒸気殺菌装置(バッチ釜)
蒸気殺菌温度:100℃
・芽胞菌ミックス:100℃、20分以上の耐熱性を有するもの
菌濃度:1.0×107(個/g)以上、菌液量20.8(g)
・セレウス菌(B. cereus芽胞):100℃、30分以上の耐熱性を有するもの
菌濃度:1.0×107(個/g)以上、菌液量18.3(g)
以下の工程1~6を実施し、各洗浄、殺菌条件による一般生菌数を測定した。
(工程1)
冷凍菌液を室温で解凍する。芽胞菌ミックスは、栄養菌体を殺菌し芽胞を活性化させるため100℃、10分間煮沸する。セレウス菌は既に芽胞のみにされているので、そのまま使用する。
(工程2)
市販の木綿豆腐300gと芽胞菌ミックス液20.8g(試験区1)を計量し、ミキサーでペースト(凝固状態の最悪条件を想定)になるまで撹拌する。市販の木綿豆腐300gとセレウス菌菌液18.3g(試験区2)を計量し、ミキサーでペースト(凝固状態の最悪条件を想定)になるまで撹拌する。
(工程3)
工程2で得られたペーストを濾布ベルトのサンプル布にヘラで塗布(10cm×10cmあたり約3gを塗布)し、20分間放置する。
(工程4)
洗浄前サンプルを、無菌袋に入れて雰囲気温度4℃の環境下で保管する。
(工程5)
洗浄後サンプルを、下記の表1に示す条件1-1~3-2でSt.1からSt.6の順に洗浄、殺菌し、無菌袋に入れて雰囲気温度4℃の環境下で保管する。なお、アルカリ洗浄及び酸洗浄は、蒸気インジェクションで加熱できるタンクを使用して、サンプル布を所定時間浸漬する。なお、蒸気殺菌槽は、呉加熱用のクッカーを使用し、クッカー内に蒸気をインジェクションしながらサンプル布をクッカー中にセットする。その後、クッカーに蓋をして、クッカー内を密閉して殺菌する。
保管した洗浄前サンプルと洗浄後サンプルとを開封し、それぞれの一般生菌数を測定する。一般生菌数は、サンプル布に滅菌済みのリン酸緩衝液100gを加えて菌を抽出し、抽出された菌数を測定して求める。
上記の各工程を実施した結果を下記の表2,表3に示す。
今回検証した結果、豆腐製品から過去に分離された芽胞菌の中で最も耐熱性が強いもの(D100℃=4.57分)よりも強い芽胞菌でサンプル布が汚染された場合でも、高圧洗浄、アルカリ洗浄、酸洗浄、蒸気殺菌を組み合わせて実施すれば、陰性を達成できることが明らかとなった。なお、成型装置のランニングコストを抑える観点から、アルカリ洗浄時間は111秒で十分と考えられる。
15,19 搬送コンベア
38,38A キャタピラプレート
43,45 アルカリ洗浄槽
47,49 酸洗浄槽
51,53 蒸気殺菌槽
55,57,59,61,63,65 水洗洗浄部
100,100A,100B,100C,100D,100E,100F,100G,100H,100I,100J,100K,100L,100M 成型装置(豆腐類の連続成型装置)
149 搬送コンベア
H 断熱保温材
F 蓄熱材
G 加熱装置
T 豆乳凝固物
Claims (14)
- 外側を周回する無端状の濾布ベルトと内側を周回する無端状の搬送コンベアとが上下に各1対設けられ、豆乳凝固物を上下の前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアにより挟持しながら搬送して圧搾成型する豆腐類の連続成型装置であって、
前記濾布ベルトの周回軌道のうち、前記豆乳凝固物が挟持される搬送路の終端部から再び前記搬送路の始端部に戻されるまでの戻り工程において、前記戻り工程内の所定範囲を加熱して殺菌する加熱部を備えることを特徴とする豆腐類の連続成型装置。 - 外側を周回する無端状の濾布ベルトと内側を周回する無端状の搬送コンベアとが上下に各1対設けられ、豆乳凝固物を上下の前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアにより挟持しながら搬送して圧搾成型する豆腐類の連続成型装置であって、
前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアの周回軌道のうち、前記豆乳凝固物が挟持される搬送路の終端部から再び前記搬送路の始端部に戻されるまでの戻り工程又は前記搬送路の始端部から前記搬送路の終端部までの送り工程の少なくともいずれか一方において、前記戻り工程内又は前記送り工程内の前記搬送コンベアの所定範囲をそれぞれ加熱して殺菌する加熱部を備えることを特徴とする豆腐類の連続成型装置。 - 前記加熱部は、加熱された蒸気を噴射する蒸気ノズルを備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記加熱部は、前記所定範囲を囲む仕切り部材を有し、前記仕切り部材により囲まれた内部空間を加熱することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記加熱部により加熱される前記所定範囲の雰囲気温度は、60℃以上、105℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記濾布ベルト及び前記搬送コンベアは、前記所定範囲を通過する際の1回当たりの通過時間が1秒以上、3600秒以下となる周回速度で駆動されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記濾布ベルトの戻り工程内に、前記濾布ベルトの周回方向上流側から下流側に向けて、前記濾布ベルトをアルカリ液により洗浄するアルカリ洗浄部と、前記濾布ベルトを酸液により洗浄する酸洗浄部と、前記加熱部と、がこの順で配置されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記搬送コンベアの戻り工程内に、前記搬送コンベアの周回方向上流側から下流側に向けて、前記搬送コンベアをアルカリ液により洗浄するアルカリ洗浄部と、前記搬送コンベアを酸液により洗浄する酸洗浄部と、前記加熱部と、がこの順で配置されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記戻り工程内における、前記アルカリ洗浄部の前記周回方向上流側、前記アルカリ洗浄部と前記酸洗浄部との間、及び、前記酸洗浄部と前記加熱部との間の少なくともいずれかに、前記濾布ベルトに洗浄水を吹き付ける水洗洗浄部を備えることを特徴とする請求項7又は請求項8に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記水洗洗浄部は、前記搬送コンベアに洗浄水を高圧ポンプによって吹き付け可能に配置されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記アルカリ液は濃度0.5%以上、濃度10%以下のアルカリ液であり、
前記酸液は濃度0.1%以上、濃度10%以下の酸液であることを特徴とする請求項7乃至請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。 - 前記搬送コンベアは、平鋼、形鋼、鋼管の少なくともいずれかを用いた多数のプレート部材を、無端状に連ねて構成したプレートコンベアであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記プレート部材は、中空部を有する中空構造であり、前記中空部に断熱保温材、蓄熱材の少なくともいずれかが配置されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
- 前記プレート部材は、中空部を有する中空構造であり、前記中空部は、減圧状態で密封された断熱領域を含んで構成されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の豆腐類の連続成型装置。
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EP (1) | EP3357350B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6672324B2 (ja) |
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JP2020184895A (ja) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-19 | 株式会社高井製作所 | 豆腐の搬送装置 |
CN113974192A (zh) * | 2021-10-30 | 2022-01-28 | 湖南省湘当当食品有限责任公司 | 一种卤香干生产加工用挤压装置 |
JP7465546B2 (ja) | 2020-01-08 | 2024-04-11 | 株式会社優食 | 食品製造装置 |
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CN106689403A (zh) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-24 | 鸿星企业有限公司 | 一种设置有降温槽的腐皮自动生产机 |
CN109677964A (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | 一种机器摆放纱布的方法 |
JP7262279B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-02 | 2023-04-21 | アスク・サンシンエンジニアリング株式会社 | 空調ダクトおよび空調ダクトの施工方法 |
KR102505542B1 (ko) | 2020-12-11 | 2023-03-02 | 최대익 | 두부 압착포의 제조방법 |
CN113303441B (zh) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-04-12 | 祖名豆制品股份有限公司 | 老豆腐动态压制成型装置 |
KR102482004B1 (ko) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-12-26 | 권혁주 | 콩가공식품의 생산방법 |
US20230117987A1 (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-20 | Takai Tofu & Soymilk Equipment Co. | Tofu conveying machine |
CN114413376B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-09-01 | 江西迅特环保科技有限公司 | 一种带负压控制装置的解剖屋 |
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JP2020184895A (ja) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-19 | 株式会社高井製作所 | 豆腐の搬送装置 |
JP7465546B2 (ja) | 2020-01-08 | 2024-04-11 | 株式会社優食 | 食品製造装置 |
CN113974192A (zh) * | 2021-10-30 | 2022-01-28 | 湖南省湘当当食品有限责任公司 | 一种卤香干生产加工用挤压装置 |
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KR20220009495A (ko) | 2022-01-24 |
US10993470B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
EP3357350A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
CN108135233A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
JPWO2017056280A1 (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
KR102512545B1 (ko) | 2023-03-21 |
EP3357350A4 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
EP3357350C0 (en) | 2023-06-21 |
JP6672324B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 |
EP3357350B1 (en) | 2023-06-21 |
KR20180054861A (ko) | 2018-05-24 |
KR102350445B1 (ko) | 2022-01-13 |
US20180303150A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
KR20230020025A (ko) | 2023-02-09 |
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