WO2017036424A1 - 一种镦锻机及工作方法 - Google Patents
一种镦锻机及工作方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017036424A1 WO2017036424A1 PCT/CN2016/098259 CN2016098259W WO2017036424A1 WO 2017036424 A1 WO2017036424 A1 WO 2017036424A1 CN 2016098259 W CN2016098259 W CN 2016098259W WO 2017036424 A1 WO2017036424 A1 WO 2017036424A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- die
- hole
- driving
- upsetting
- rod
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a upsetting machine, and more particularly to a upsetting machine using a wire as a blank.
- the traditional upsetting machine the main mold base of the die assembly is fixed on the corresponding body, the mechanical mechanism is many, complicated, many faults, and the operation is difficult; and the upsetting efficiency of the structure is low, the feeding and the discharging are all kind of hard.
- the current positional change between the upsetting process of the two-die forging machine is realized by the lifting movement or the oscillating movement of the punch, and the concave die is fixed.
- the upsetting machine needs to set up a complex structure of the punch lifting movement or the oscillating motion driving mechanism, the cutting mechanism and the clamping mechanism, which causes the structure of the entire upsetting machine to be complicated, the punch lifting, cutting, upsetting,
- the requirements for the cooperation between the ejector are high, and it is difficult to achieve high stability upsetting and high speed upsetting, and the debugging is particularly troublesome, such as the upsetting machine disclosed in Application No. 200910193907.3.
- the plane of the upset die corresponding to the die is arranged in the same plane, and the multiple upset die is fixed, and the plurality of punches are only forged
- the mold moves in one direction for the boring section. Since the upset die or the punch does not laterally translate, the blank can only be transferred by the clamp movement, and the blank is only forged once in each upset die.
- the utility model comprises a feeding mechanism fixed on the base, a transmission mechanism, a holding mechanism and a punching mechanism, wherein the holding mechanism comprises a rotary table seat fixed on the base and at least two receiving holes mounted on the rotary table seat
- the turntable and the turntable are driven by an intermittent transmission mechanism connected to the transmission mechanism.
- the turntable has a ejector hole which is less than one of the receiving holes, and each of the ejector holes has a ram and a transmission mechanism.
- the high-speed forging machine of the above structure removes the shearing mechanism and the like in the prior art, so that the mechanism is simple, the operation is simple, and the cost of the device is reduced.
- the forging machine belongs to a die-type rotary device. Therefore, the same blank is required to be subjected to multiple upsetting in the same die, and even the final die does not leave the same die.
- the upset deformation of the same die is limited, and therefore, the quality of the upset is poor, and it is difficult to eject at the same time.
- the die of the existing upsetting machine is also mounted on the body.
- the forging machine must be stopped before the work can be performed, thereby affecting the upsetting machine. Work efficiency, and it is not convenient to replace and adjust the die.
- the existing upsetting machine and working method because the ejector rod, the ejector guide sleeve and the workpiece length adjusting device are all arranged on the body, when forging different specifications of the parts, it is necessary to stop on the body to multiple The die and its ejection system and the length adjustment device of the workpiece are installed and debugged.
- disassembling, installing and debugging it is necessary to stop the long working time of the upsetting machine, which is not conducive to the working efficiency of the upsetting machine; especially the experience is required. A large number of operators can complete the adjustment at the upsetting site, and it is impossible to realize remote control. It is also impossible for the manufacturer to debug the main module before selling it to the manufacturer.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a working method for a forging machine, which uses a method from the main die holder to the punch assembly or the punch assembly to feed the main die holder, the trimming portion, and the boring portion.
- the forging die part and the ejector adjusting part are integrated in the main die seat, thereby realizing a modular integrated main die assembly, which is convenient for replacing and adjusting the upset die, and does not need to separately set the trimming mechanism, thereby simplifying the ⁇ on the one hand.
- the structure of the forging machine greatly improves the upsetting efficiency of the upsetting machine.
- An upsetting machine includes a body, a large slider slidably mounted on the body, a die assembly mounted on the large slider, and a large slider driving mechanism, a main die assembly for driving the large slider to slide back and forth, a top material mechanism and a wire feeding mechanism mounted on the body; the die assembly includes a die holder; and a pushing mechanism mounted on the body;
- the main mold assembly comprises a main mold base, a ejector rod, a ejector guide sleeve and a workpiece length adjusting device; more than one upset forging die mounting hole is arranged in the main mold base, and only one trimming die is installed through the main mold base hole;
- a receiving hole is disposed in a position corresponding to the upsetting die mounting hole in the main die holder, the receiving hole is coaxial with the upsetting die mounting hole, and the receiving hole penetrates the bottom surface of the upsetting die mounting hole and the main die holder
- the aperture of the receiving hole is smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole of the upset die
- a ejector guide sleeve is mounted in each accommodating hole, and the ejector guide sleeve is axially restrained in the accommodating hole;
- the ejector rod includes a head portion and a rod portion; and the ejector rod is provided in the ejector guide sleeve a guide hole that fits the rod portion;
- a ram is mounted in each of the ejector bushings, and the shank of the ram is slidably mounted in the guiding hole of the ejector bushing.
- the head of the ram is axially limited by the ejector bushing.
- the rod guide sleeve is externally disposed toward the main mold assembly mounting hole, and the jack rod is axially limited by the jack guide sleeve in the receiving hole;
- the workpiece length adjusting device is disposed on the main mold base and the jack guide sleeve, Adjusting the axial position of the ejector guide sleeve in the accommodating hole;
- a cutting position On the body, there are a cutting position, a delivery and an upsetting position, and one or more upsetting positions;
- a trimming sleeve mounting hole is arranged on the body, and the wire feeding mechanism is placed at the trimming position;
- a pushing mechanism In the feeding and upsetting position, a pushing mechanism is provided; the pushing mechanism comprises a pushing rod, a pushing rod guiding sleeve, a driving member for driving the pushing rod to move linearly back and forth in the guiding sleeve of the pushing rod, and a driving mechanism;
- the feeding and upsetting position is provided with a pushing rod guide sleeve mounting through hole on the body; the pushing rod guiding sleeve is installed in the pushing rod guiding sleeve mounting hole and fixed on the body body, and the pushing rod rod can be linearly moved back and forth Installed in the push rod guide sleeve;
- a top material mechanism In the upsetting position, a top material mechanism is provided, and the top rod is matched with the top material mechanism; the top material mechanism comprises a top rod, a top rod guide sleeve, and the driving top rod is linearly moved back and forth in the top rod guide sleeve to rotate the driving member and the driving mechanism.
- the top rod guide sleeve In the upsetting position, the top rod guide sleeve is provided with a through hole on the body; the top rod guide sleeve is installed in the through hole of the top rod guide sleeve and is fixed on the body, and the top rod can be installed in a linear motion back and forth.
- the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the rotary drive member in the ejection direction is greater than the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the rotary drive member in the ejection direction of the top material mechanism;
- the die holder is fixed with the large slider; the number of the die holders is one or more equal to the number of the upset die mounting holes on the main die holder, the die holders are equidistantly distributed, the axis of the die holder is coplanar, and the adjacent two die The distance between the axis of the seat is equal to the distance between the axis of the upset die mounting hole and the axis of the trimming die mounting hole;
- the upsetting machine further comprises a main mold base guiding device fixed on the machine body, and the main mold base driving mechanism for driving the main mold base to slide back and forth in the axial direction of the vertical upsetting forging die mounting hole of the main mold base guiding device;
- the main mold base can be back and forth Slidably mounted on the main mold base guiding device, the cutting mold mounting hole of the main mold base slides back and forth between the trimming position and the feeding and upsetting position;
- the cutting die mounting hole on the main die holder is placed at the trimming position, and the upsetting die mounting hole coaxial with a punch die holder is placed in the feeding and upsetting position;
- the trimming die mounting hole on the main die holder is placed in the delivery and upsetting position, and is coaxial with a punch die holder.
- the body comprises a frame; the frame comprises a frame body and a frame seat on which the main mold assembly is mounted; the frame base is provided with a receiving cavity, and the main die holder guiding device is installed in the receiving cavity; The cavity is provided with an opening for mounting the main mold assembly; the main mold base can be slidably mounted on the main mold base guide device in the accommodating cavity of the frame base; the axially-restricted ejector guide sleeve and the top The rod is completely accommodated in the receiving hole of the main mold base; the workpiece length adjusting device is disposed on the main mold base; the trimming sleeve mounting hole, the push rod guide sleeve mounting through hole, and one or more guide sleeve mounting through holes It is disposed on the frame body and communicates with the accommodating cavity, and is provided with a trimming sleeve mounting hole, a pushing rod guide sleeve mounting through hole, and a frame body of one or more guiding sleeve mounting through holes to
- the part of the main mold base facing the side of the top material mechanism and placed in the frame body is completely resisted by the body, so that the forging force of the die assembly acting on the main mold assembly is transmitted to the body body, the main module.
- the main mold base of the piece is greatly reduced in force, so the upsetting force can be greatly improved; on the other hand, the top rod guide sleeve of the top material mechanism can be easily installed. Since the main mold base faces one side of the top material mechanism and the portion placed in the frame body is completely resisted by the body, the axially-restricted top rod guide sleeve and the ejector rod must be completely accommodated in the receiving hole of the main mold base.
- the frame body protrudes from one side or both sides of the frame base. Since the main mold base needs to slide back and forth in the accommodating cavity of the frame base, the frame includes a frame body and a frame base, and one or both sides of the frame base protrudes from the frame body, and the first frame body can be reduced The width, thereby greatly reducing the weight of the body; the second can increase the length of the main mold base guide, so that the main mold base moves back and forth more smoothly; the third is convenient to install the main mold base drive mechanism.
- the body comprises a frame; the frame comprises a frame body and a frame base on which the main mold assembly is mounted; the frame base is provided with a receiving cavity, and the main mold base is mounted on the bottom surface and the two sides of the receiving cavity
- the guide rail is mounted on the bottom surface of the accommodating cavity and the main die seat rails on both sides to form a main die seat guiding groove, the main die seat guiding device is a main die seat guiding groove; and an opening for installing the main die component is arranged on the accommodating cavity
- the main mold assembly further includes two or more roller devices mounted on the bottom surface of the main mold base; the slide base is slidably disposed on the main mold base rail, and the main mold base is installed in the accommodating cavity of the rack base.
- the large slider also includes two or more roller devices mounted on the bottom surface of the large slider.
- the large slider slides back and forth relative to the body, only the roller contacts the body, which greatly reduces the frictional force of the large slider sliding back and forth on the body.
- the roller is worn more, it is only necessary to replace the roller device or adjust the position of the roller relative to the roller device. Just fine.
- the workpiece length adjusting device is disposed in the main mold base; the spigot coaxial with the guiding hole is further disposed in the ejector bushing
- the hole has a hole diameter larger than the diameter of the guide hole; the outer circumference of the top guide sleeve is provided with an adjustment portion; the length adjustment device of the workpiece includes a screw provided with the external thread portion, a threaded hole in the guide sleeve of the plunger rod, and an adjustment of the outer circumference
- the shaft is further provided with an axial escaping hole matched with the rod portion of the ram, and a screw head fitting with the screw head is arranged at one end of the accommodating hole of the main die holder away from the boring die mounting hole.
- the aperture of the screw head mounting hole is larger than the aperture of the receiving hole; the main mold base is further provided with a hollow space communicating with the receiving hole and penetrating the top surface of the main mold base; the threaded hole thread of the jack guide sleeve
- the screw head is non-rotatably mounted in the screw head mounting hole, and the adjusting portion of the jack guide sleeve communicates with the avoidance space of the main mold base.
- the structural length adjusting device of the structure has a simple structure by manually adjusting the axial position of the ejector bushing in the accommodating hole of the main die seat.
- the workpiece length adjusting device is disposed in the main mold base; an external thread portion is disposed on the outer circumference of the top rod guide sleeve; the workpiece length adjusting device includes a first worm, a first worm wheel, and an internal thread disposed in the first worm wheel a hole, an external thread portion disposed on an outer circumference of the ejector guide sleeve, and a ram guide sleeve rotation stop mechanism for restraining rotation of the ejector guide sleeve; and a main hole holder is further provided with a accommodating hole on the main die holder and connected to the main a side space of the mold base penetrates the space; the first worm wheel is placed at a position where the air space of the main mold base communicates with the accommodating hole, and the internal thread hole of the first worm wheel is screwed on the external thread portion of the ejector guide sleeve The first worm is mounted in the space of the main mold base to mesh with the first worm,
- the workpiece length adjusting device further includes a first servo servo motor, a first bevel gear fixed coaxially with the first worm, and a second bevel gear fixed to the output shaft of the first servo motor; the first bevel gear The servo motor is meshed with the second spinal gear.
- the first worm gear is driven to move the first worm wheel, and then the internal threaded hole of the first worm wheel cooperates with the external thread portion of the ejector guide sleeve to drive the ejector guide sleeve movement, because the ejector guide sleeve is restrained by the ejector guide sleeve rotation stop mechanism Rotating, the ejector guide sleeve generates axial movement, thereby adjusting the axial position of the ejector guide sleeve in the accommodating hole of the main mold base to meet the requirement of the change of the length specification of the workpiece, and the workpiece length adjusting device of the structure,
- the first worm can protrude from the main mold base for easy adjustment; on the other hand, the first worm can be driven by a servo motor to realize numerical control adjustment.
- the pusher mechanism includes a pusher bar stroke adjustment mechanism.
- the front and rear position adjustment mechanism of the top material mechanism is required to meet the change of the length of the workpiece. Due to the blank in the trimming die, if the blank is not left in the trimming die, the ejection stroke of the pushing mechanism is greater than the thickness of the main die base, which is much larger than the ejection stroke of the top material mechanism. In order to reduce the ejection stroke of the pushing mechanism, it is necessary to stay more than one blank in the cutting die, which will cause the ejection stroke of the pushing mechanism to change with the length of the workpiece, in order to meet the needs of ejecting different length blanks. Need to design the push rod stroke adjustment mechanism. The push rod stroke adjustment mechanism is adopted, which greatly reduces the ejection stroke of the pushing mechanism.
- the top material mechanism comprises a top rod, a top rod guide sleeve, a rotary driving member for driving the top rod to linearly move back and forth in the top rod guide sleeve, a driving mechanism, and a front and rear position for adjusting the front and rear positions of the top rod when the length of the workpiece changes.
- Adjusting mechanism installing a through hole on the body of the top bar guide sleeve; the top bar guide sleeve is installed in the through hole of the top bar guide sleeve and fixed on the body, and the top bar can be installed in the top bar guide sleeve in a linear motion
- the drive mechanism includes a drive servo motor for driving only the rotary motion of the rotary drive member; the rotary drive member is mounted to the end of the top bar.
- the driving servo motor is used to drive the rotary driving member, and the power source is provided by the driving servo motor. It does not need the same power source as the driving crankshaft, the complicated multi-stage transmission mechanism can be omitted, and many parts can be omitted, so the structure is simple, The transmission link is small, the installation and commissioning is simple, fast, convenient and high precision, and it is not necessary for very experienced workers to complete the installation and adjustment on site. Since the rotary drive member is mounted with the end of the top bar, a top bar reset mechanism is not required.
- the front and rear positions of the top rod need to be adjusted according to the length of the workpiece. If the front and rear position adjustment mechanism is also controlled by the servo motor, the machine can be adjusted directly without stopping the machine. Under this circumstance, the upsetting machine will not affect the efficiency of upsetting due to the downtime of the machine, and it does not require an experienced worker to complete the adjustment of the machine. It can realize remote control and automatic adjustment. Automatic mold change and remote control mold change can also be realized, which greatly reduces the requirements for workers.
- the top material mechanism further comprises a top rod driving member and a sliding seat;
- the driving servo motor is mounted on the sliding seat;
- the rotating driving member comprises an eccentricity which is only rotatably mounted with the sliding seat and driven by the driving servo motor a wheel, a drive shaft eccentrically mounted on the eccentric wheel; a slide hole engaged with the drive shaft on the top rod drive member; the drive shaft extends into the slide hole;
- the top rod drive member is mounted with the end of the top rod
- the slewing drive member is mounted with the top bar through the top rod driving member;
- a mutual guiding guide device is arranged between the sliding seat and the body, and the front and rear position adjusting mechanism adjusts the top rod by adjusting the distance between the sliding seat and the top rod guide sleeve Front and rear position.
- the top material mechanism of the structure drives the top rod driving member to move back and forth by a driving shaft fixed on the end surface of the eccentric wheel away from the axial center position, since the top rod and the top rod driving member are mounted together, thereby realizing the top rod back and forth Linear motion. Since the link mechanism is omitted, the structure is simple and compact, and in particular, the installation and commissioning of the top material mechanism is particularly simple. Significantly reduce the requirements for operators who install and commission equipment.
- the front and rear positions of the top bar are adjusted by adjusting the front and rear positions of the slider, and the structure is simple.
- the above structure is easy to realize that one top bar corresponds to one top rod driving member, one eccentric wheel, one driving servo motor, and the top rod can be asynchronously moved, thereby realizing asynchronous ejection, and the top material mechanism of the structure has wide application range.
- the ejection function can also be realized when the length and size of the piece vary greatly.
- the front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the top material mechanism includes adjusting a servo motor, adjusting a screw fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor, a screw hole provided on the sliding seat, and adjusting a servo motor mounting seat fixed to the body; adjusting the servo
- the motor is mounted on the servo motor mount.
- the screw is fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor and screwed to the threaded hole on the slide.
- the screw is connected to the slide thread to adjust the position of the slide to adjust the position of the top rod, and the structure is simple.
- the ejector mechanism further comprises a top rod driving member;
- the driving servo motor is mounted on the body;
- the slewing driving member comprises an eccentric wheel which is rotatably mounted only with the body and driven by the driving servo motor, and is eccentrically mounted on a drive shaft on the eccentric wheel;
- a slide hole matched with the drive shaft is arranged on the top rod drive member;
- the drive shaft extends into the slide hole;
- the top rod drive member is mounted with the end of the top rod, and the rotary drive member passes through the top
- the rod driving member is mounted with the top rod;
- the front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the top material mechanism comprises adjusting the servo motor, the worm, the worm wheel, the mounting seat, the external thread portion disposed at one end of the top rod, and the rotation preventing mechanism for restricting the rotation of the top rod relative to the worm wheel
- the mounting seat is provided with an internally threaded hole that cooperates with the external threaded portion of the top bar,
- All the top rods of the above structure can be driven by a top rod to make the structure simple.
- the front and rear positions of the top bar are directly adjusted by the worm gear structure, and the adjustment is convenient.
- the pushing mechanism further includes a lever pivotally connected to the outside of the body; the lever is only pivotally connected to the body, the end of the lever near the pivoting portion is provided with a sliding hole, and the end of the lever is remote from the pivoting portion.
- the portion of the push rod guide sleeve is provided with an axial guiding hole and a side guiding hole, and the pushing rod is provided with a driving hole matched with the driving portion of the lever;
- the pushing rod is mounted on the shaft of the pushing rod guiding sleeve In the guiding hole, the driving portion of the lever extends through the side guiding hole on the push rod guide sleeve into the driving hole of the pushing rod;
- the driving mechanism includes a driving shaft that cooperates with the sliding hole of the lever, and the driving shaft can slide back and forth The ground is installed in the sliding hole of the lever.
- the driving shaft of the driving mechanism drives the lever movement, and the lever drives the pushing rod to move back and forth in the guiding sleeve to realize the lifting movement of the blanking and the pushing mechanism of the feeding and upsetting position. Since the ejection stroke of the feeder and the upsetting pusher is far greater than the ejection stroke of the pusher of the upset position, the leverage is used, and the actual lifting of the pusher is made larger by the leverage principle.
- the driving stroke directly drives the ejection stroke of the push rod movement.
- the pushing mechanism comprises a driving member and a pushing component; and the pushing component comprises a pushing guide sleeve, a pushing rod, a spring guiding sleeve, a spring and a nut member; and one end of the pushing guide sleeve is radially convexly convexly convex
- the center of the ring and the pushing guide sleeve is provided with a central through hole, and five circumferentially uniform, axially extending, spline-shaped guiding grooves are radially protruded from the hole wall of the central through hole, and the ends of the five guiding grooves are arranged.
- the part is surrounded by a guiding hole;
- the push rod is a stepped shaft, which in turn comprises a small pusher shaft, a pusher shaft, and a pusher shaft.
- the outer circumference of the pusher shaft is circumferentially distributed with five axial guides that cooperate with the guide grooves, in the push material.
- An end of the shaft facing away from the large shaft of the pushing material is provided with an external thread portion, and an outer circumference of the pushing small shaft is matched with a guiding hole of the pushing guide sleeve;
- the axial position of the spring guide sleeve is provided with a through hole that cooperates with the middle shaft of the push material, a shoulder is protruded in the middle of the outer circumference of the spring guide sleeve, and a spring is arranged at one end of the spring guide sleeve to be coaxial with the through hole for accommodating the spring Counterbore
- the body In the feeding and upsetting position, the body is provided with a pushing guide sleeve receiving hole matched with the outer circumference of the pushing guide sleeve; the small pushing shaft of the pushing rod is worn from the side of the round convex ring of the pushing guide sleeve
- the guiding portion of the pushing material big shaft is correspondingly inserted into the guiding groove of the pushing material guiding sleeve, and the pushing material guiding sleeve is installed in the pushing material guiding sleeve receiving hole;
- one end of the spring is installed in the counterbore of the pushing material guiding sleeve And protruding the counterbore; the external threaded portion of the pusher shaft of the push rod passes through the through hole of the spring guide sleeve, the spring, and the nut member is screwed, and one end of the spring is resisted by the bottom surface of the counterbore, and the other end is supported by the nut member. withstand.
- the main mold base includes a first main mold base and an insert-type second main mold base; an upset die mounting hole, a trimming die mounting hole, and a receiving hole communicating with the upset die mounting hole are provided
- the second main mold base; the top rod, the top rod guide sleeve and the workpiece length adjusting device are mounted on the second main mold base;
- the first main mold base is recessed with a mounting groove, and the mounting groove runs through the first main mold
- the second main mold base is installed in the mounting groove of the first main mold base, and the axial direction of the upset die mounting hole is consistent with the direction of the mounting groove;
- the main mold base drive mechanism portion is disposed in the first main mold On the seat.
- the upsetting die mounting hole, the trimming die mounting hole, and the receiving hole communicating with the upsetting die mounting hole are all disposed on the second main die holder; the jack, the jack guide sleeve and the workpiece length adjusting device are installed In the second main mold base, the top rod, the top rod guide sleeve and the workpiece length adjusting device, the second main mold base, the upset concave mold, the thimble, and the trimming mold can be formed into a main mold module.
- the main mold module is replaced as a whole, and the debugged modules are replaced, which greatly shortens the mold change time and improves the work efficiency; in particular, it does not need to be on the body.
- the machine can be adjusted even by the experienced operator in the factory or outside the factory. Only the ordinary personnel who need hands-on work can be installed at the factory site, and the replacement is convenient, which can greatly reduce the defect.
- the requirements of the on-site operator of the forging machine correspond to the current situation that it is difficult for a skilled worker to find it.
- This type of upsetting machine has great advantages.
- the main mold base comprises a first main mold base and an insert-type second main mold base. When the different specifications of the workpiece are upset, the main mold module is replaced as a whole, and the first main mold base does not need to be replaced, thereby greatly reducing the main mold.
- the weight of the module facilitates the installation, disassembly and transportation of the main module, and it is more convenient to install the components of the main module together.
- the main mold assembly further includes an upset die, a thimble, a trimming die;
- the main die base is a unitary structure;
- the thimble includes a head and a stem, and the workpiece receiving hole is provided on the upset die a guiding hole matched with the shank of the thimble;
- the head of the thimble is placed in the accommodating hole of the main die holder, the shank of the thimble extends into the guiding hole of the upsetting die, and the upset die is mounted on the upsetting die
- the trimming die is installed in the trimming die mounting hole;
- an upsetting die mounting hole corresponds to an upset die and a thimble;
- the ejector pin, the ejector bushing and the workpiece length adjusting device, and the main die seat The upset die, the thimble, and the trimming die form a main mold module.
- the main mold base is a one-piece structure, and the main mold assembly of this structure has a simple structure and a low cost, but is only suitable for a small upsetting machine.
- the upsetting machine further includes a crankshaft including two ends supported on the body; a large slider driving mechanism first small slider and a second small slider; the first small slider and the second small slider are huged on the crankshaft
- the eccentric shaft of the crankshaft is rotatably mounted only with the first small slider and the second small slider; the first small slider and the second small slider are fixed together;
- the large slider includes the slider a small insert of the insert and the slider; a sliding groove is arranged on the large insert of the slider; a first guiding plane is arranged on both sides of the sliding slot;
- the small insert of the sliding block is fixed on the large insert of the sliding block and is closed a sliding groove on the large insert of the slider; the first small slider and the second small slider fixed together can be slidably mounted in the sliding groove of the large insert of the slider only on the first guiding plane.
- the first small slider and the second small slider only reciprocate in the sliding hole by the rotation of the crankshaft, and the first small slider and the second small slider drive the reciprocating linear motion member to perform reciprocating linear motion.
- the large slider driving mechanism omits the link mechanism, the first small slider and the second small slider that are hug on the eccentric shaft of the crankshaft are directly driven, and the structure is simple and compact, thereby greatly improving the overall precision and rigidity of the upsetting machine. And forging force.
- the linkage mechanism is omitted, the failure is greatly reduced, the gap accumulation of the conventional linkage mechanism is reduced, the upsetting precision and the upsetting wear resistance are improved, and the installation and debugging of the upsetting machine is particularly simple.
- the wire feeding mechanism includes a fixing seat, and a swinging member is pivotally connected to the first driven shaft on which the second feeding gear is mounted; a pressing device is disposed between the swinging member and the fixed seat; and the pressing device comprises mounting and fixing
- the cylinder and the cylinder push rod on the body have a radial oblong hole at one end of the cylinder push rod, and the longitudinal direction of the oblong hole is parallel to the end face of the cylinder push rod, and one end of the cylinder push rod with the oblong hole passes
- the connecting shaft is hingedly connected to the swinging member, and the other end is connected to the driving shaft of the cylinder; the force of the cylinder push rod acts on the swinging member.
- the main mold base driving mechanism comprises a driving carriage and a driving carriage driving device; a driving carriage sliding groove is arranged on the main mold base to drive the movement direction of the sliding plate sliding slot and the main mold base; Vertically; the driving carriage can be slidably mounted in the driving carriage chute of the main mold base; the driving carriage is provided with a driving groove, and the driving tray sliding slot of the main mold base is fixedly inserted or worn.
- the driving groove is a stepped shape of an arc transition, comprising first parallel portions and second parallel portions parallel to each other, connecting the first parallel portion and the first a connecting portion of the two parallel portions, the first parallel portion is perpendicular to the moving direction of the main die holder, and the sum of the shortest distance between the two parallel sides of the first parallel portion and the second parallel portion and the diameter of the driving roller is equal to the upsetting
- the driving rod includes a head and a rod, the driving roller is mounted outside the rod of the driving rod, and the rod of the driving rod passes through the driving of the driving carriage
- the slot is mounted on the main die holder Diameter of the head drive rod is greater than the width of drive slot; drive roller and groove engagement with the drive may be driven back and forth slidably disposed slot.
- the main mold base is driven by a driving carriage, the driving rod drives the driving carriage, and the driving carriage drives the main mold base to slide back and forth. It does not need to use a servo motor, nor does the servo motor rotate forward and reverse, and is controlled by the structure of the driving slot.
- the distance between the main mold base and the movement relationship with the die assembly keeps the transmission relationship stable and reliable, and reduces the cost.
- the driving rod includes a head portion and a rod portion. In the case of severe vibration, the driving roller can always be kept in the driving groove, so that the movement of the driving carriage is reliable, so that the movement of the main mold base is reliable.
- the main mold base driving mechanism comprises a servo motor, a driving member provided with a driving shaft, and a driving sliding member; the driving member is mounted on the output shaft of the servo motor, and the shaft center of the driving shaft is offset from the servo motor
- the shaft of the output shaft; the sliding member of the driving member is provided on the main mold base; the driving sliding member is only rotatably mounted on the driving shaft of the driving member; and the driving sliding member is slidably mounted in the sliding hole of the driving block.
- the driving shaft of the driving member drives the driving slider to slide in the sliding hole of the driving slider
- the driving slider drives the main mold base to slide back and forth.
- the main mold base driving mechanism omits the link mechanism, the main mold base is directly driven by the driving member and the driving sliding member, and the structure is simple and compact, thereby greatly improving the precision of the main mold base moving back and forth.
- the linkage mechanism is omitted, the failure rate of the drive mechanism is greatly reduced, the drive reliability is improved, and the installation and commissioning of the main mold assembly and the main mold assembly drive mechanism are particularly simple, and the installation and commissioning equipment is greatly reduced. The requirements of the operator.
- the main die base driving mechanism comprises a main die driving member provided with a driving shaft and a main die driving toggle mechanism;
- the main die driving toggle structure comprises a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod; a third link;
- the axis of the drive shaft is offset from the axis of the mounting shaft of the main die drive member;
- the main die drive member is rotatably mounted on the body; only one end of the first link is rotatably mounted to the drive shaft Together, the other end of the first link is pivotally connected to one end of the second link and one end of the third link; the other end of the second link is pivotally connected to a pivot shaft fixed to the body;
- the other end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected to the main mold base.
- the main mold base driving mechanism comprises a servo motor, a connecting rod and a driving member provided with a driving shaft; the driving member is mounted on the output shaft of the servo motor; the axis of the driving shaft is deviated from the servo motor output The shaft center of the shaft; a connecting rod pivoting shaft is arranged on the main mold base; one end of the connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the driving shaft of the driving member, and the other end of the connecting rod is only rotatably mounted on the connecting rod of the main mold base Pivot on the shaft.
- the main mold base driving mechanism adopts a link mechanism, which can increase the stroke of the main mold base sliding back and forth.
- the wire feeding mechanism comprises a feeding slider device disposed outside the body, a feeding driving mechanism for driving the feeding slider device to linearly move back and forth along the feeding direction, and is disposed between the body and the feeding slider device.
- the guiding device, the cylinder, the upper clamping member and the lower clamping member for mutually clamping the wire;
- the feeding drive mechanism comprises a rotary type common feeding servo for driving only the feeding slider device to linearly move back and forth along the feeding direction a motor;
- a limiting slot for the circumferential limit of the wire is arranged on the lower clamping member, the limiting slot is arranged along the feeding direction of the wire;
- the guiding device of the feeding slider device is slidably mounted to the body along the feeding direction of the wire
- the feeding slider device is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating the upper clamping member and the lower clamping member, the accommodating cavity is open on both sides of the feeding direction of the wire;
- the lower clamping member is placed in the accommodating cavity
- the bottom surface of the cylinder is mounted on the top surface of the accommodating chamber, and the piston rod of the cylinder passes through the top wall of the accommodating chamber and is fixed to the upper clamping member, and the upper clamping member and the lower clamping member are opposite each other
- the feeding slider device is driven by a single rotating type common feeding servo motor, which greatly reduces the transmission link. Not only the transmission is reliable, but also the transmission precision is high. Especially the conveying length of the wire does not need other mechanism control.
- the length of the wire is directly controlled by the feeding servo motor.
- the precision is high, so that the conveying length of the wire is accurate, therefore, the forming quality of the workpiece is good; in particular, the feeding servo motor can automatically adjust the length of the feeding, that is, the length of the blank; and, when the length of the required blank changes
- the NC automatic adjustment can be completed through parameter setting, which not only has low requirements for the operator, but also greatly improves the efficiency.
- the invention has low cost compared to a linear feed servo motor.
- the feeding drive mechanism is only rotatably mounted with the body, and the driving member driven by the feeding servo motor is eccentrically fixed to the driving shaft on the driving member; the feeding slider device is provided with the driving shaft and the vertical sliding Hole; the drive shaft extends into the slide hole.
- the feeding servo motor drives the driving member to rotate, and the driving shaft of the driving member extends into the sliding hole of the feeding slider device to directly drive the feeding slider device, omitting the connecting rod, the structure is simple and compact, the installation and debugging of the wire feeding mechanism is simple, and the driving is greatly reduced. Workers demand and improve equipment accuracy, greatly reducing the failure rate of the drive mechanism and improving drive reliability.
- the upper ejector device comprises a swing rod driving cam fixed on the transmission shaft, a swing rod, a swing rod roller mounted on the swing rod and matched with the swing rod driving cam, and mounted on the body And the swing rod shaft and the swing arm assembly are installed in the middle of the swing rod; the inner hole of the swing rod driving cam is an inner gear shape hole, and the part of the transmission shaft and the inner hole of the swing rod driving cam is an outer gear shape; One end away from the swing roller can be attached to the swing arm assembly.
- the upsetting machine further comprises a clamping mechanism; a clamping mechanism is provided on the delivery and upsetting position and/or one or more upsetting positions; the single clamping mechanism comprises a left clamping body And the right caliper body, driving the caliper drive mechanism of the left caliper body and the right caliper body to move together.
- the clamp mechanism can be used to clamp the blank or the workpiece with the clamp. The advantage is that it is not affected by the shape of the workpiece. The clamp clamps the blank or the workpiece is reliable, which simplifies the structure of the die assembly, and the forging machine has a wide application range.
- a working method of a forging machine in which a die is installed in each die holder; the main die assembly further comprises an upset die, a thimble, a trimming die; the thimble includes a head and a stem, and the upset is concave
- the mold is provided with a workpiece receiving hole and a guiding hole matched with the rod portion of the thimble; the head of the thimble is placed in the receiving hole of the main mold base, and the rod portion of the thimble extends into the guiding hole of the upsetting concave mold,
- the upset forging die is installed in the upsetting die mounting hole, and the trimming die is installed in the trimming die mounting hole; an upsetting die mounting hole corresponds to an upsetting die and a thimble;
- the working method of the upsetting machine includes the following steps:
- the cutting die in the main mold base is placed in the trimming position, and the wire corresponding to the trimming position is fed into the main mold base through the wire feeding mechanism.
- the large slider drive mechanism drives the large slider to move, the die assembly mounted on the large slider moves toward the main die assembly, and the die in the feeding and upsetting position the blank in the die and the upset position
- the other die punches its part into its upset forging die and performs upsetting
- the large slider drive mechanism drives the large slider to reset, that is, the die assembly mounted on the large slider is away from the main
- the mold assembly moves in the direction, and the workpiece is left in the corresponding upset die;
- the main mold base drive mechanism drives the main mold assembly to slide, and the trimming mold in the main mold base slides from the trim position to the delivery and the upsetting position, and the trimming mold installed in the main mold base will
- the wire cutting realizes the full round cutting material, and the cut wire forms the blank required for the forging part; the cutting material moves to the feeding and upsetting position, and the blank moves along with the cutting die in the main die base to the delivery and upsetting Position; the workpiece in the upset die moves with the main die block to the next upset position;
- the large slider moves toward the direction away from the main mold assembly, and the top rod of the top rod main mold assembly of the outermost upsetting position and the top ejector pin of the top member of the top forging position will be upset.
- the finished product in the upset forging die is ejected; the top bar of the top bar top main die assembly of the other upsetting position and the top ejector pin of the top bar will be in the upset forging die corresponding to the upset position
- the workpiece is inserted into the coaxial die and separated from the upset die; the pusher bar of the pushing mechanism feeds the blank into the die which is coaxial with it and is separated from the trimming die;
- Step (1) to step (3) are repeated cycles.
- a working method of a forging machine in which a die is installed in each die holder; the die assembly further comprises more than one die; the main die assembly further comprises an upset die, a thimble, a trimming die; the thimble includes a head a portion and a rod portion, the workpiece receiving hole and the guiding hole for engaging with the rod portion of the thimble; the head of the thimble is placed in the receiving hole of the main mold base, and the rod portion of the thimble extends
- the forging die has a guiding hole, the upsetting die is installed in the upsetting die mounting hole, the trimming die is installed in the trimming die mounting hole; and the upsetting die mounting hole corresponds to an upsetting die and a Thimble; the upsetting machine further includes a clamping mechanism for holding the workpiece; a clamping mechanism is provided at more than one position of the feeding and upsetting position; the clamping mechanism includes a left sweet body and a right clamping body, and the left clamping body is driven a clamp driving
- the working method of the upsetting machine includes the following steps:
- the large slider drive mechanism drives the large slider movement, and the die assembly mounted on the large slider moves toward the main die assembly, and the die of the feeding and upsetting position punches the blank clamped by the clamping mechanism into the coaxial
- the clamp is opened, and the die of the forward and the forging position after the clamp is opened continues to upset the blank in the upset forging die; the other die of the upset position will be clamped
- the clamp is opened during the process of clamping the workpiece into the upset forging die. After the clamp is opened, the die of the other upset position continues to carry out the workpiece in the upset forging die. Upsetting
- the large slider driving mechanism drives the large slider to be reset, that is, the die assembly mounted on the large slider moves away from the main mold assembly, and the workpiece remains in the corresponding upsetting die;
- the main mold base drive mechanism drives the main mold assembly to slide, and the trimming mold in the main mold base slides from the trim position to the delivery and the upsetting position, and the trimming mold installed in the main mold base will
- the wire cutting realizes the full round cutting material, and the cut wire forms the blank required for the forging part; the cutting material moves to the feeding and upsetting position, and the blank moves along with the cutting die in the main die base to the delivery and upsetting Position; the workpiece in the upset die moves with the main die block to the next upset position;
- the large slider starts to move away from the main mold assembly, and the top rod of the top rod top main mold assembly of the outermost upsetting position and the top ejector pin of the topping mechanism will be upset
- the finished product in the upset forging die is ejected; in the topping process of the other upsetting position, the clamp on the upsetting position closes the clamping piece and the part is separated from the upsetting die;
- the clamp of the feeding and upsetting position closes the blank and the blank is separated from the cutting die;
- Step (1) to step (3) are repeated cycles.
- the utility model has the beneficial effects that in the upsetting machine and the working method thereof, the thimble, the ejector rod, the ejector guide sleeve and the workpiece length adjusting device are all arranged on the main mold base to constitute the main mold assembly, and the operation
- the worker can install the various parts of the main mold assembly to form a module outside the upsetting machine; when the cutting mold, the upset die, and the thimble need to be replaced, the main mold assembly is taken out from the body as a whole, and then directly
- the replacement of the female mold assembly on the upsetting machine can be achieved by replacing the other main mold assembly prepared in advance.
- the downtime replacement and adjustment of the upsetting machine takes only a small amount of time and improves the working efficiency of the upsetting machine.
- the adjustment of the working stroke of the ejector can be completed by adjusting the length adjustment device of the main mold assembly, and the adjustment work of the topping mechanism of the upsetting machine by the specific production personnel is reduced, and the pair is reduced.
- the technical quality requirements of the production personnel have improved the production efficiency of the upsetting machine and reduced the difficulty of production, and effectively reduced the production cost.
- the trimming die and the upset die can be adjusted outside the body and the stroke adjustment of the jack can be realized by the workpiece length adjusting device in the main die holder. Therefore, the working space It will not be restricted by the upsetting machine, and it is more convenient and quick to operate.
- the upset die in the main die holder of the translating master module may be in the form of a pair of trimming dies and a plurality of upset dies.
- the upsetting machine using a trimming die and an upset die, and feeding form from the punch assembly to the main die seat, has the function of the existing two-die three-stroke upsetting machine.
- a forging die and an upset die, and the upsetting machine in the form of feeding from the main die block to the punch assembly has the function of the existing one die and two punches.
- the invention reduces the punch lifting mechanism which is high in failure rate, difficult to adjust and operate, and reduces the independent cutting mechanism and the picking mechanism by the conventional multiple punches. With the flat master module, each part in the upset die can be forged twice, greatly reducing mold costs.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the upsetting machine of the first embodiment with the upper ejector unit (PKO device) removed.
- Figure 2 is a right top view of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
- Fig. 4 is a perspective exploded view showing the structure of a portion of the upsetting machine of the first embodiment.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective exploded view of the upsetting machine of the first embodiment.
- Fig. 6 is a partial perspective view showing the upsetting machine of the first embodiment.
- Figure 7 is a top plan view of Figure 1.
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 7;
- Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism of the first embodiment.
- Fig. 10 is a perspective exploded view showing the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism of the first embodiment
- Figure 11 is a perspective view showing the main mold assembly and the main mold base driving mechanism of the first embodiment.
- Figure 12 is a perspective exploded view of the main mold assembly and the main mold base driving mechanism of the first embodiment.
- Figure 13 is a top plan view showing the driving block and the driving roller for driving the main die holder driving mechanism of the trimming die of the embodiment 1 to the trimming position.
- Figure 14 is a top plan view showing the driving block and the driving roller of the main mold base driving mechanism for moving the trimming die of the embodiment 1 to the feeding and upsetting position.
- Figure 15 is a perspective exploded view showing the structure of a portion of the main mold assembly of the first embodiment.
- Figure 16 is a perspective view showing the structure of a portion of the main mold assembly of the first embodiment.
- Figure 17 is a perspective exploded view showing the structure of the main mold assembly and other structures of the first embodiment.
- Figure 18 is a perspective view showing the main mold assembly and other structures of the first embodiment.
- Fig. 19 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure and other structures of the main mold assembly of the first embodiment.
- Fig. 20 is a perspective view showing a part of the structure of the upsetting machine of the first embodiment.
- Fig. 21 is a partially exploded perspective view showing a part of the structure of the upsetting machine of the first embodiment.
- Figure 22 is a perspective exploded view of the upsetting machine of the second embodiment.
- Figure 23 is a partial perspective view showing the upsetting machine of the second embodiment.
- Figure 24 is a perspective exploded view of the top material mechanism of the second embodiment.
- Fig. 25 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing the front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the top material mechanism of the second embodiment.
- Figure 26 is a perspective view showing the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism, the die assembly, the main mold assembly and the main mold base driving mechanism of the cutting die of the embodiment 2 placed in the feeding and upsetting position.
- Figure 27 is a perspective view showing the other direction of the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism, the die assembly, the main mold assembly and the main mold base driving mechanism of the cutting die of the embodiment 2 in the trimming position.
- Figure 28 is a partial perspective view showing the upsetting machine of the second embodiment.
- Figure 29 is a perspective view showing the clamp mechanism and the clamp base of the second embodiment.
- Fig. 30 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism of the second embodiment.
- Figure 31 is a perspective view showing the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism of the second embodiment.
- Figure 32 is a perspective view showing the upsetting machine of the third embodiment.
- Figure 33 is a perspective exploded view of the upsetting machine of the third embodiment.
- Figure 34 is a perspective exploded view showing the main mold assembly and the main mold base driving mechanism of the third embodiment.
- Figure 35 is a perspective view showing the main mold assembly and the main mold base driving mechanism of the third embodiment.
- Figure 36 is a perspective view showing another direction of the upsetting machine of the third embodiment.
- Figure 37 is a perspective view showing the clamp and the clamp base of the third embodiment.
- 38 is a perspective view showing the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism of the third embodiment.
- 39 is a perspective view showing another direction of the large slider and the large slider driving mechanism of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 40 is a perspective exploded view of the large slider and a part of the large slider driving mechanism of the third embodiment.
- Figure 42 is a cross-sectional view showing the main mold assembly and the die assembly of the embodiment 4 in a vertical plane of the axis of the three punches in the un-clamped state. schematic diagram.
- Fig. 43 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion I of Fig. 42;
- Figure 44 is a cross-sectional view showing the main mold assembly and the die assembly of the embodiment 4 in a vertical plane cut through the axis of the three punches in the state of being jammed.
- Fig. 45 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion II of Fig. 44;
- Figure 46 is a perspective view showing the upsetting machine of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 47 is a perspective view showing the large slider, the die assembly, the upper ejecting device and the partial driving mechanism of the upsetting machine of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 48 is a front elevational view of Figure 46.
- Figure 49 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 48.
- Figure 50 is an exploded perspective view of the upsetting machine of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 51 is a perspective view showing the wire feeding mechanism of the embodiment 5 with the mounting seat and the swinging member removed.
- Figure 52 is an enlarged schematic view of a region III of Figure 51.
- Figure 53 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 48.
- Figure 54 is a perspective view showing the large slider of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 55 is a perspective view showing the swing arm assembly of the ejector mechanism of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 56 is an enlarged schematic view of the IV area of Figure 53.
- Figure 57 is a perspective view showing the main mold base of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 58 is a perspective view showing the main die holder of the fifth embodiment and its driving mechanism, the large slider and its driving mechanism, the upper ejection and its driving mechanism, and the like.
- Figure 59 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 49.
- Figure 60 is a perspective exploded view of the static shear mode position fine adjustment device of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 61 is a perspective view showing the static shear mode position fine adjustment device and a partial upsetting machine of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 62 is an enlarged schematic view of the V area of Figure 49.
- Figure 63 is a perspective exploded view of the top material mechanism and the pushing mechanism of the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 64 is a partial enlarged view of the VI area of Figure 63.
- Figure 65 is a partial enlarged view of the VII area of Figure 63.
- Figure 66 is a perspective view showing the top material mechanism, the pushing mechanism, the main mold assembly and the driving mechanism thereof in the fifth embodiment.
- Fig. 67 is a perspective view showing the workpiece length adjusting device and the partial upsetting machine of the sixth embodiment.
- Figure 68 is a perspective view showing the push rod stroke adjusting mechanism and the partial upsetting machine of the seventh embodiment.
- Figure 69 is a perspective exploded view of the push rod stroke adjustment mechanism of the seventh embodiment.
- Figure 70 is a perspective view showing the upsetting machine of the eighth embodiment.
- Figure 71 is a perspective view showing the body of the embodiment 8 with the body removed.
- Figure 72 is a cross-sectional view showing the cross section of the overdrive cam of the eighth embodiment.
- Figure 73 is a perspective exploded view of the article length adjusting device of the ninth embodiment.
- Figure 74 is a cross-sectional view showing the screw axis of the workpiece length adjusting device of the ninth embodiment.
- Figure 75 is a perspective exploded view of the top rod driving device of Embodiment 10.
- Figure 76 is a cross-sectional view showing the axis of the top rod of the top rod driving device of the tenth embodiment.
- the upsetting machine includes a body 1, a large slider 2 mounted on the body 1 and slidably mounted on the body 1, a punch assembly 3 mounted on the large slider 2, and a large sliding drive.
- the large slider driving mechanism for sliding the block 2 the top material mechanism mounted on the body 1, the front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the top material mechanism, the pushing mechanism, the front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the pushing mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism, and the main module
- the main mold base guide device disposed on the body 1 and the main mold base drive mechanism for driving the main mold assembly 4 to slide back and forth.
- the body 1 includes a frame 5, a cover 6, and a cover 7.
- the frame 5 includes a frame body 8 and a frame mount 9 for mounting the main mold assembly 4.
- the frame base 9 includes a base body 10 and an end plate 11.
- a receiving cavity 12 for mounting the main die assembly 4 is disposed on the base body 10.
- the receiving cavity 12 has an opening 13 at one end thereof, and the end plate 11 is fixed to the base body 10 at the opening 13. Both ends of the frame base 9 protrude from the frame body 8.
- the body 1 is provided with a trim level 14, a delivery and upset position 15, an upset position 16, an upset position 17, an upset position 18, and an upset position 19.
- the wire feeding mechanism is placed at the trimming position 14, and the pushing mechanism is arranged on the delivery and upsetting position 15, and the topping is provided in the upsetting position 16, the upsetting position 17, the upsetting position 18, and the upsetting position 19. mechanism.
- the wire feeding mechanism further comprises a feeding slider device, a feeding driving mechanism for driving the feeding slider device to linearly move back and forth along the feeding direction, and a guiding device installed between the outside of the body 1 and the feeding slider device.
- Cylinder 20 The upper clamping member 22 and the lower clamping member 23 are used to clamp the wire.
- the feed drive mechanism includes a rotary feed servo motor 24 and a drive plate 26 to which the drive shaft 25 is fixed.
- a motor fixing portion 27 and a guide fixing portion 28 opposed to the motor fixing portion 27 are protruded from the outside of the body 1.
- the motor fixing portion 27 includes a vertical block 29, horizontal upper bumps 30 and lower bumps 31 provided on the vertical block 29.
- the guide fixing portion 28 includes a horizontal portion 32 and a connecting portion 33 that connects the horizontal portion 32 and the body 1.
- the feed servo motor 24 is fixed between the upper bump 30 and the lower bump 31.
- the guide includes a linear guide 34 and a guide slide 36 that mates with the linear guide 34.
- the feed slider device includes a feed holder 35 and a door frame-shaped cylinder block 21.
- the linear guide 34 is fixed to the bottom surface of the horizontal portion 32 of the guide fixing portion 28, and the guide rail 36 is mounted on the linear guide 34 and supported by the linear guide 34.
- the feed holder 35 includes a lower mounting portion 37 that is parallel to each other, an upper mounting portion 38, and a vertical portion 39 that connects the lower mounting portion 37 and the upper mounting portion 38.
- the lower mounting portion 37 of the feed holder 35 is fixed to the bottom surface of the rail slide 36; the cylinder block 21 is fixed to the top surface of the upper mounting portion 38 of the feed holder 35, and the upper mounting portion 38 of the feed holder 35 and the cylinder block 21 are formed along the wire.
- the squares on both sides of the material direction are shaped to accommodate the cavity 175, the lower clamping member 23 is fixed to the top surface of the upper mounting portion 38 of the feeding seat 35, the cylinder 20 is fixed to the top surface of the cylinder block 21, and the piston rod 40 of the cylinder 20
- the top wall passing through the cylinder block 21, that is, the accommodating chamber 175, is fixed to the upper holding member 22, and the upper holding member 22 is opposed to the lower holding member 23.
- the linear guide 34 and the guide rail 36 can be made of standard parts, and the guide is reliable and accurate, which greatly improves the feeding accuracy.
- the linear guide 34 is fixed to the outside of the body 1 downward, and is less likely to occupy dust.
- the output shaft 41 of the feed servo motor 24 is coaxially fixed to the drive plate 26 through the vertical block 29 of the motor fixing portion 27; the drive shaft 25 is mounted on the end face of the drive plate 26 facing away from the feed servo motor 24.
- the axis of the drive shaft 25 is offset from the axis of the output shaft 41 of the feed servo motor 24.
- a slide hole 42 that fits in the vertical direction with the drive shaft 25 is disposed in the vertical portion 39 of the feed base 35; the drive shaft 25 extends into the slide hole 42.
- the feeding servo motor 24 drives the driving disk 26 to rotate, and the driving shaft 25 of the driving disk 26 extends into the sliding hole 42 of the feeding seat 35 to directly drive the feeding slider device, omitting the connecting rod, the structure is simple and compact, and the wire feeding mechanism is installed and debugged. Simple, greatly reducing worker requirements and improving equipment accuracy, greatly reducing the failure rate of the drive mechanism and improving drive reliability. With the structure of the drive disk 26 and the drive shaft 25, both the drive disk 26 and the drive shaft 25 are easy to process, and thus the manufacturing cost is low.
- the guide rail 36 of the feed slider device is slidably mounted on the linear guide 34 in the wire feed direction.
- the lower holding member 23 and the cylinder block 21 are fixed to the top surface of the feed holder 35, the upper holding member 22 is placed directly below the cylinder block 21, the cylinder 20 is fixed to the top surface of the cylinder block 21, and the piston rod 40 of the cylinder 20 is worn.
- the cylinder block 21 is fixed to the upper clamp 22.
- the feeding slider device is driven by a rotary type ordinary feeding servo motor 24, which not only has reliable transmission and high transmission precision, but also drives the upper clamping member 22 with a pneumatic structure, so that the wire feeding is very reliable, especially the conveying length of the wire does not require other mechanisms.
- the length of the wire is directly controlled by the feeding servo motor 24, and the precision is high, so that the conveying length of the wire is accurate, and therefore, the forming quality of the workpiece is good; in particular, the feeding servo motor 24 can automatically adjust the length of the feeding, that is, The length of the blank; also, when the length of the required blank is changed, there is no need to manually adjust the machine, and the numerical control automatic adjustment can be completed by parameter setting, which not only has low requirements for the operator, but also greatly improves the efficiency.
- the present invention is low in cost relative to a linear servo motor.
- the punch assembly 3 includes a punch die holder 43, a second die holder 44, a three punch die holder 45, a four punch die holder 46, and a final die holder 47 mounted on the large slider 2.
- a punching die 48 mounted in a die holder 43 , a second punching die 49 mounted in the second punching die holder 44, a triple punching die 50 mounted in the three punching die holder 45, and mounted in the four punching die holder 46
- the four punching die 51 is attached to the final punching die 52 in the final die holder 47.
- the large slider driving mechanism includes a crankshaft 53 supported on the body 1 at both ends, a sleeve 54, a sleeve 55, a first small slider 56 and a second small slider 57. .
- the crankshaft 53 includes a first central shaft 58, a second central shaft 59 coaxial with the first central shaft 58, a disc 60, a disc 61 disposed between the first central shaft 58 and the second central shaft 59, and a setting
- the eccentric shaft 62 between the two discs 60 and the disc 61; the axis of the disc 60 and the disc 61 is offset from the axis of the first central axis 58 and the axis of the eccentric shaft 62, the first central axis 58,
- the second central shaft 59, the disk 60, the disk 61 and the eccentric shaft 62 are integrally forged.
- the strength of the crankshaft 53 of the present invention is high, the service life of the crankshaft 53 is prolonged, and the positional accuracy of the crankshaft 53 is ensured.
- a bushing mounting hole 63 is provided on one side of the body 1, and a bushing mounting hole 64 is provided on the other side of the body 1.
- One end of the crankshaft 53 is mounted in the boss mounting hole 63, and the other end is mounted in the boss mounting hole 64.
- the boss 54 is attached from the outside of the body 1 to the outside of the first center shaft 58 of the crankshaft 53, and the boss 55 is attached to the second center shaft 59 of the crankshaft 53 from the outside of the other side of the body 1.
- the large slider drive mechanism further includes a servo motor 65 mounted on the outside of the body 1, and an output shaft 66 of the servo motor 65 is mounted with a first central shaft 58 passing through one end of the crankshaft 53 of the sleeve 54.
- the large slider 2 includes a slider large insert 67 and a slider small insert 68.
- a groove 69 is formed on the slider large insert 67 on both sides of the slider large insert 67 and opening downward, and a mounting die assembly 2 is disposed on a side of the slider large insert 67 facing the main die assembly 4.
- the die assembly accommodates the slot 70.
- a recessed portion 71 and a recessed portion 72 are provided on the side walls on both sides of the recess 69.
- a guide insert 73 is fixed to the recessed portion 71, and a guide insert 74 is fixed to the recessed portion 72.
- the groove 69 of the large slider 2, the guide insert 73, and the guide insert 74 form a chute 75.
- the guide insert 73 forms a first guiding plane 76 towards the face of the guiding insert 74, the guide setting The face 74 faces the face of the guide insert 73 to form a second guide plane 77.
- a positioning groove 78 is provided on a face of the slider large insert 67 facing the slider small insert 68.
- a groove 79 is provided on the slider small insert 68 to engage the sliding groove 75 of the slider large insert 67, and a positioning rib 80 is provided on the face of the slider small insert 68 facing the slider large insert 67. .
- a semi-cylindrical curved groove 81 is formed on the first small slider 56 to cooperate with the eccentric shaft 62 of the crankshaft 53.
- the first small slider 56 is provided with a positioning groove 82 on the surface of the second small slider 57.
- a semi-cylindrical curved groove 83 mated with the eccentric shaft 62 of the crankshaft 53 is disposed on the second small slider 57, and a positioning rib is disposed on the surface of the second small slider 57 opposite to the first small slider 56. 84.
- the groove 81 of the first small slider 56 and the groove 83 of the second small slider 57 are engaged on the eccentric shaft 62 of the crankshaft 53, and the positioning rib 84 of the second small slider 57 extends into the first small slider.
- the positioning groove 82 of the 56 the first small slider 56 and the second small slider 57 are fixed together; the eccentric shaft 62 of the crankshaft 53 and the first small slider 56 and the second small slider 57 are rotatably mounted only on together
- the positioning rib 80 on the slider small insert 68 extends into the positioning groove 78 of the large slider 2, and the slider small insert 68 is fixed to the slider large insert 67, and the sliding groove on the slider large insert 67 75 forms a closed sliding aperture 85 with the recess 79 in the slider insert 68.
- the first small slider 56 and the second small slider 57 that are fixed together are only slidably mounted in the sliding hole 85 of the slider large insert 67, and the first small slider 56 is back and forth on the first guiding plane 76. Sliding, the second small slider 57 slides back and forth on the first guiding plane 77.
- the main mold assembly 4 includes a main mold base 86, a jack 87, a jack guide sleeve 88 and a workpiece length adjusting device, four upsetting recesses 89, a thimble 90, and a trimming die 91.
- the main mold base 86 includes a first main mold base 92 and a second main mold base 93.
- the first main mold base 92 is recessed with a mounting groove 94, and the mounting groove 94 is provided.
- the second main mold base 93 is mounted in the mounting groove 94 of the first main mold base 92.
- Each of the upset die mounting holes 95 is provided with a receiving hole 97 in the main die holder 86.
- the receiving hole 97 is coaxial with the upset die mounting hole 95, and the receiving hole 97 is installed through the upset die.
- the bottom surface of the hole 95 and the main mold base 86 have a smaller aperture than the diameter of the upset die mounting hole 95.
- the jack 87 includes a head 98 and a stem 99; a guide hole 100 is provided in the jack guide 88 to engage the stem 99 of the jack 87.
- the axial direction of the upset die mounting hole 95 coincides with the direction of the mounting groove 94.
- the workpiece length adjusting device is disposed in the main die holder 86.
- An external thread portion 101 is disposed on an outer circumference of the jack guide sleeve 88.
- the workpiece length adjusting device includes a first servo motor 102, a first worm 103, a first worm wheel 104, and a first bevel gear 105 coaxially fixed to the first worm 103.
- the main mold base 86 is further provided with a vacant space 108 that communicates with the accommodating hole 97 of the main mold base 86 and penetrates one side of the main mold base 86.
- the first worm wheel 104 is placed at a position where the escaping space 108 of the main die holder 86 communicates with the accommodating hole 97 from the side where the first servo motor 102 is mounted, and then in each accommodating hole.
- a jack guide sleeve 88 is mounted in the 97, and the external thread portion 101 of the jack guide sleeve 88 is screwed to the internally threaded bore 107 of the first worm wheel 104.
- the jack guide sleeve 88 is axially constrained by the screw connection with the first worm wheel 104 and is completely received in the receiving hole 97 of the main die holder 86.
- the first worm 103 is mounted in the cutout space 108 of the main die holder 86 to engage the first worm gear 104.
- the first worm 103 protrudes from the second main die holder 93 to fix the first bevel gear 105 coaxially.
- the ejector guide sleeve rotation preventing mechanism for restraining the rotation of the ejector guide sleeve 88 is a rotation preventing groove 177 provided on the ejector guide sleeve 88, and the rotation preventing pin 178 and the rotation preventing pin 178 which are mounted from the side where the first servo motor 102 is mounted.
- the second main mold base 93 extends into the rotation preventing groove 177.
- the upsetting machine further includes a first servo motor mount 109, a drive shaft 110, a drive shaft mount 111, and a drive shaft drive mechanism.
- the drive shaft drive mechanism includes a second worm gear 112, a second worm 113, and a second servo motor 114; the first servo motor mount 109 is fixed to the body 1, and the first servo motor mount 109 is provided with a convex shaft 115 at the convex shaft 115 is provided with a drive shaft mounting hole 116.
- the drive shaft 110 is only rotatably mounted in the drive shaft mounting hole 116; a second worm mount 117 is further disposed on the first servo motor mount 109;
- the mounting base 109 is provided with two fixed shafts 118 for engaging with the driving shaft 110.
- the fixing shafts 119 are matched with the fixing shafts 119 of the driving shafts 110.
- the protruding shafts 115 are disposed on the first servo motor mounting base 109. Between the fixed shafts 118, the drive shaft 110 passes through the fixing hole 119 of the fixed shaft 118 away from the second worm mount 117, the drive shaft mounting hole 116 on the protruding shaft 115, and the fixed shaft 118 of the second worm mount 117.
- the fixing hole 119 and the fixing shaft 118 protruding from the second worm mounting seat 117 are fixed to the second worm wheel 112; the driving shaft 110 and the two fixing shafts 118 are non-rotatably mounted together, and the driving shaft 110 and the protruding shaft 115 are only rotatably Installed together; both ends of the second worm 113 Mounted on the second worm mount 117, the second servo motor 114 is mounted outside the second worm mount 117, and one end of the second worm 113 is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the second servo motor 114.
- the second servo motor 114 drives the movement of the second worm 113, and the second worm 113 drives the second.
- the worm wheel 112 moves, the second worm wheel 112 drives the drive shaft 110 to move, and the drive shaft 110 drives the first servo motor mount 109 to move and stops moving when the main mold base 86 is stuck together, while the first bevel gear 105 and the second spear gear Engage.
- the first servo motor 102 moves, drives the first A worm 103 moves, the first worm 103 drives the first worm wheel 104 to move, and the inner threaded hole 107 of the first worm wheel 104 cooperates with the external thread portion 101 of the jack guide sleeve 88 to drive the jack guide sleeve 88 to move, thereby adjusting the top
- the axial position of the rod guide sleeve 88 in the receiving hole 97 of the main mold base 86 satisfies the need for variations in the length specifications of the workpiece.
- the first servo motor 102 stops moving, and the second servo motor 114 moves to the first servo.
- the motor mount 109 is taken away from the main mold base 86.
- the movement of the first worm wheel 104 is carried out by adjusting the first worm 103, and then the internal threaded hole of the first worm wheel 104 cooperates with the external thread portion 101 of the ejector guide sleeve 88 to drive the ram guide sleeve 88 to move, because the ejector guide sleeve 88 is topped.
- the rod guide sleeve rotation preventing mechanism is constrained to rotate, and the jack guide sleeve 88 generates an axial movement, thereby adjusting the axial position of the jack guide sleeve 88 in the receiving hole 97 of the main mold base 86 to meet the change of the length specification of the workpiece.
- the workpiece length adjusting device of the structure on the one hand, the first worm 103 can protrude from the main die holder 86, and the adjustment is convenient; on the other hand, the first worm 103 can be driven by a servo motor to realize numerical control adjustment.
- the ejector pin 90 includes a head portion 120 and a rod portion 121.
- the upset forging die 89 is provided with a workpiece receiving hole 122 and a guide hole 123 that cooperates with the rod portion 121 of the ejector pin 90.
- the head 120 of the ejector pin 90 is placed in the receiving hole 97 of the main die holder 86.
- the stem portion 121 of the ejector pin 90 extends into the guiding hole 123 of the upsetting die 89, and the upsetting die 89 is mounted on the upset die.
- the trimming die 91 is mounted in the trimming die mounting hole 96.
- An upset die mounting hole 95 corresponds to an upset die 89 and a ejector pin 90.
- the jack 87, the jack guide sleeve 88 and the workpiece length adjusting device, the second master die holder 93, the upset die 89, the thimble 90, and the trimming die 91 form a main die module
- a ram 87 is mounted in each of the jack guide sleeves 88.
- the shank 99 of the jack 87 is slidably mounted in the guide hole 100 of the jack guide 88.
- the head 98 of the jack 87 is ejector
- the guide sleeve 88 is axially constrained outside the jack guide sleeve 88 and faces the upset die mounting hole 95.
- the jack 87 is axially restrained by the jack guide sleeve 88 and is completely received in the receiving hole of the main die holder 86. 97 inside.
- the main mold assembly 4 further includes two or more roller devices 125; a roller device accommodating space 126 is disposed on the bottom surface of the main mold base 86; and the roller device 125 is mounted on the roller device accommodating space 126.
- the roller device 125 includes a roller 127 that is only rotatable relative to the main die holder 86, and the roller 127 projects from the bottom surface of the main die holder 86.
- the main mold base driving mechanism includes a driving carriage 128 and a driving carriage driving device; a driving carriage sliding slot 129 is provided on the main mold base 86 to drive the carriage sliding slot 129 and the main mold.
- the driving direction of the seat 86 is vertical; the driving carriage 128 is slidably mounted in the driving carriage chute 129 of the main mold base 86; the driving carriage 130 is provided with a driving groove 130, and the driving drag on the main mold base 86
- the plate chute 129 is fixed with a driving rod 131 extending into or through the driving groove 130, and a driving roller 132 rotatably mounted on the driving rod 131.
- the driving groove 130 is a stepped shape of an arc transition, and includes one parallel to each other.
- the first parallel portion 133 and the second parallel portion 134 connect a connecting portion 135 of the first parallel portion 133 and the second parallel portion 134.
- the first parallel portion 133 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the main die holder 86, and the first parallel portion 133
- the sum of the shortest distance between the two parallel sides adjacent to the second parallel portion 134 and the diameter of the drive roller 132 is equal to the distance between the axis of the upset die mounting hole 95 and the axis of the trimming die mounting hole 96.
- the driving rod 131 includes a head 136 and a rod portion 137.
- the driving roller 132 is mounted outside the rod portion 137 of the driving rod 131.
- the rod portion 137 of the driving rod 131 is mounted on the main mold base 86 through the driving groove 130 of the driving carriage 128.
- the diameter of the head 136 of the driving rod 131 is larger than the width of the driving groove 130; the driving roller 132 cooperates with the driving groove 130 and is slidably disposed in the driving groove 130.
- the main mold base 86 is driven by a driving carriage 128.
- the driving rod 131 drives the driving carriage 128, and the driving carriage 128 drives the main mold base 86 to slide back and forth. It does not need to use a servo motor, nor does the motor rotate forward and reverse.
- the structure of the groove 130 controls the distance between the main mold base 86 and the movement relationship with the die assembly, and maintains the stability and reliability of the transmission relationship and reduces the cost.
- the driving rod 131 includes a head portion 136 and a rod portion. In the case of severe vibration, the driving roller 132 is always kept in the driving groove 130, so that the movement of the driving carriage 128 is reliable, so that the movement of the main mold base 86 is reliable.
- the driving carriage driving device includes a transmission shaft 138 parallel to the crankshaft 53 and two ends mounted on the body 1, a pinion gear 139 mounted on the crankshaft 53, a large gear 140 meshing with the pinion gear 139 and mounted on the transmission shaft 138,
- the driving link 141; the gear ratio of the large gear 140 and the pinion 139 is 2:1: one end of the driving link 141 is pivotally connected to the end surface 142 which is offset from the center of rotation of the large gear 140, and one end is pivotally connected to the driving carriage 128. One end.
- the driving carriage driving device of such a structure has a power source from the crankshaft 53 that drives the movement of the large slider 2, thereby reducing the number of motors and reducing the cost.
- a main die holder rail 143 is mounted on the bottom surface of the accommodating cavity 12, and a main die holder rail 144 is symmetrically spaced on both side walls of the accommodating cavity 12.
- the main mold assembly 4 is mounted in the accommodating chamber 12, the bottom surface of the main mold base 86 is engaged with the main mold base rail 143 of the bottom surface of the accommodating chamber 12, and both sides of the main mold base 86 and the two sides of the accommodating chamber 12 are provided.
- the main die holder rails 144 on the wall cooperate.
- the main mold base 86 forms a main mold base guide groove on the main mold base rail 144 on the two side walls of the accommodating chamber 12 from the bottom surface of the accommodating chamber 12, and the main mold base 86 is in the main mold base. Slide back and forth inside the guide groove.
- the main die seat guide groove is perpendicular to the upset die mounting hole 95.
- the roller 127 of the main die holder 86 is slidably disposed on the main die holder rail 143, and the main die holder 86 is mounted in the accommodating cavity 12 of the frame holder 9.
- the main mold assembly 4 can be taken out together, thereby facilitating the whole The main mold assembly 4 is mounted and disassembled.
- the frame body 8 is provided with a trimming position 14, a delivery and an upset position 15, an upset position 16, an upset position 17, an upset position 18, and an upset position 19 forming a frame base.
- the topping mechanism of the upset position 15, the upset position 16, the upset position 17, the upset position 18, and the upset position 19 includes a top rod 145, a top rod guide sleeve 146, a top rod drive member 147, and a drive top rod drive member 147
- a top bar drive member drive that moves back and forth along the axis of the top bar 145.
- the trimming position 14 of the frame body 8 is provided with a trim cover mounting hole 148 communicating with the side wall of the receiving cavity 12 of the frame base 9, and the feeding and upsetting position 15 of the body 1 is provided with the frame
- the push rod guide bushing of the seat 9 of the seat 9 is connected with a through hole 149, and the upset position 16, the upset position 17, the upset position 18, and the upset position 19 are provided with the frame base 9
- the top bar guide sleeve of the accommodating cavity 12 is connected to the through hole 150.
- a static shearing die 151 is attached to the side of the trim cover mounting hole 148 facing the main die assembly, and the static shearing die 151 is fixed to the body 1.
- top bar driving member driving device of the top feeding mechanism includes A servo motor 156.
- the top rod driving member driving device further includes a sliding seat 152, a pinion gear 153, a large gear 154, and a driving shaft 155.
- the sliding seat 152 is mounted on the body 1, and the pinion gear 153 is fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor 156.
- the motor is mounted on the side facing away from the servo motor 156; the large gear 154 is mounted on the carriage 152 to mesh with the pinion 153; the drive shaft 155 is fixed on the end surface 142 of the large gear 154 from the axial position;
- the member 147 is provided with a driving groove 130 that cooperates with the driving shaft 155; the driving shaft 155 extends into the driving groove 130.
- the rotary drive member of the top material mechanism is a large gear 154, and the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the large gear 154 in the ejection direction is the distance between the axis of the double large gear and the axial center of the drive shaft 155.
- the servo motor 169 moves with the same screw motion, thereby driving the carriage 152 to move.
- the pushing mechanism of the feeding and upsetting position 15 includes a lever 157 pivotally connected to the outside of the body 1, a lever driving mechanism, a push rod 158, a push rod guide sleeve 159, and a lever 157 only pivotable Connected to the body 1, a sliding hole 160 is disposed at one end of the lever 157 near the fixed shaft 118, a driving portion 161 is disposed at an end of the lever 157 away from the fixed shaft 118, and an axial guiding hole 162 is disposed on the pushing rod guide sleeve 159.
- the driving rod 158 is provided with a driving hole 164 which cooperates with the driving portion 161 of the lever 157;
- the pushing rod guide sleeve 159 is fixed on the body 1, and the pushing rod 158 is mounted on the pushing rod guide
- the driving portion 161 of the lever 157 extends through the side guiding hole 163 on the push rod guide sleeve 159 into the driving hole 164 of the push rod 158;
- the lever driving mechanism is fixed to the body
- the upper mounting seat 165, the servo motor 166 mounted on the body, the driving disc 167 fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor 166, and the driving shaft 168 mounted on the driving disc 167 cooperate with the sliding hole 160 of the lever 157, and the driving shaft 168 can be It is slidably mounted back and forth in the slide hole 160 of the lever 157.
- the drive shaft 168 is not coaxial with the output shaft of the servo motor 166.
- the slewing drive member of the ejector mechanism includes a drive plate 167 and a lever 157. Since the lever 157 is added, the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the drive plate 167 and the lever 157 in the ejection direction is much larger than that of the large gear 154 of the ejector mechanism. The straight line distance of the maximum stroke of the direction.
- the front and rear position adjustment mechanism of the top material mechanism comprises a servo motor 169, a screw 170 fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor 169, a threaded hole 171 disposed on the carriage 152, and an adjustment servo motor mount 174 fixed to the two guide rails 172;
- the guide grooves 173 on both sides of the slide 152 are mounted on the two guide rails 172 on the outer side of the body 1.
- the servo motor 169 is mounted on the adjustment servo motor mount 174, and the screw 170 is fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor 169 and on the slide 152.
- the threaded holes 171 are threaded.
- All of the die holders are equidistantly distributed, and the axes of all the die holders are coplanar, and the distance between the axes of the adjacent die seats is equal to the distance between the axis of the upset die mounting hole 95 and the axis of the trimming die mounting hole 96.
- a punching die holder 43, a second die holder 44, a three-flush die holder 45, a four-flush die holder 46, and a final die holder 47 are respectively provided with a feed and upset position 15, an upset position 16, an upset position 17, and upset forging Bit 18 and upset position 19 correspond one-to-one and face each other.
- the number of die holders is one more than the number of upset die mounting holes 95 on the main die holder 86.
- the trimming die mounting hole 96 of the main die holder 86 slides back and forth between the trimming position 14 and the feed and upset position 15.
- the trimming die mounting hole 96 on the main die holder 86 is placed in the trimming position 14, and the upset die mounting hole 95 coaxial with a punching die holder 43 is placed in the delivery and upsetting position 15, and the final die holder is not in the frame. Forging position.
- the trimming die mounting hole 96 on the main die holder 86 is placed in the delivery and upset position 15, coaxial with a die holder 43, and the final die holder is placed in the upset position.
- a working method of a forging machine the die assembly further comprising more than one die; the main die assembly 4 further comprises an upsetting die 89, a thimble 90, and a trimming die 91.
- a trim die insert 176 is mounted at one end of the trim die 91 remote from the die assembly.
- the trimming die insert 176 and the static shearing die 151 cooperate to cut the wire into a blank, so that only the material of the shearing die insert 176 and the static shearing die 151 are good, and the shearing die 91 can be made of a general material to reduce the shearing.
- the cost of the die 91 is.
- the ejector pin 90 includes a head portion 120 and a rod portion 121.
- the upsetting recess 89 is provided with a workpiece receiving hole 122 and a guiding hole for engaging with the rod portion 121 of the thimble 90; the head portion 120 of the thimble 90 is placed at the main mold base In the receiving hole of the 86, the rod portion 121 of the ejector pin 90 extends into the guiding hole 123 of the upsetting die 89
- the upset die 89 is mounted in the upset die mounting hole 95, and the trimming die 91 is mounted in the trimming die mounting hole 96; an upset die mounting hole 95 corresponds to an upset die 89 and a thimble 90;
- the working method of the upsetting machine includes the following steps:
- the trimming die 91 in the main die holder 86 is placed in the trimming position 14, and the driving roller 132 is placed in the first parallel portion 133 and is in contact with the side of the first parallel portion 133 adjacent to the second parallel portion 134;
- the wire of the trimming position 14 is fed into the trimming die 91 in the main die holder 86 via the wire feeding mechanism;
- the large slider driving mechanism drives the large slider 2 to move, and the die assembly mounted on the large slider 2 faces the main die.
- the assembly 4 moves, and there is no workpiece in the final punching die 52 of the die assembly 3, no forging, no upsetting, and a punching die 48 of the feeding and upsetting position 15 respectively corresponding to the blank of the punching die 48.
- the forging position 16, the upset position 17, the upset position 18, the two punching die 49 of the upset position 19, the triple punching die 50, the four punching die 51, and the final punching die 52 punch the workpiece into its coaxial upset forging
- the upsetting die 89 is subjected to upsetting; after the upsetting is completed, the large slider driving mechanism drives the large slider 2 to be reset, that is, the die assembly 3 mounted on the large slider 2 moves away from the main die assembly 4, and the workpiece remains. In the corresponding upset die 89;
- the main mold base drive mechanism drives the main mold assembly 4 to slide, and the trimming mold 91 in the main mold base 86 is mounted on the main mold base 86 during sliding from the trim level 14 to the delivery and upset position 15.
- the trimming die 91 cuts the wire to realize the full round cut, and the cut wire forms the blank required for the upset; the trimming die 91 moves to the delivery and upset position 15, and the blank follows the main die holder 86.
- the trimming die 91 moves together to the delivery and upset position 15; the workpiece in the upset die 89 moves with the main die block 86 to the next upset position;
- the trimming die 91 is moved to the delivery and upsetting position 15, and the driving roller 132 is placed in the second parallel portion 134 and is in contact with the side of the second parallel portion 134 adjacent to the first parallel portion 133; the main die holder 86 is stopped.
- the large slider driving mechanism drives the large slider 2 to move, respectively, with the upsetting position 16, the upsetting position 17, the upsetting position 18, the upsetting position 19, the two punching die 49, the three punching die 50, and the four punching
- the mold 51 and the final punching die 52 upset the inner product of the upset forging die 89 with the coaxial upset position;
- the top rod 145 of the topping mechanism of the upsetting position corresponding to the final punching die 52 is the top rod 87 of the top main mold assembly 4.
- the top ejector pin 90 of the ejector pin 87 pushes out the finished product in the upset forging die 89 of the upset position; the topping mechanism of the upset position corresponding to the two punching die 49, the three punching die 50, and the four punching die 51
- the push rod 158 of the top main mold assembly 4 of the push rod 158 and the top yoke 90 of the ejector 87 push the workpiece in the upset forging die 89 of the corresponding upset position into the co-axial die and out of the upset a die 89; a pusher rod 158 of the pushing mechanism of the feeding and upsetting position 15 feeds the blank into a punching die 48 coaxial therewith and away from the trimming die 91;
- Step (1) to step (3) are repeated cycles.
- the main die base driving mechanism includes a mounting base 300, a driving member 302 provided with a driving shaft 301, a main die holder driving motor 303, a driving block 304, and a main mode.
- Seat drive mechanism position adjustment mechanism As shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23, unlike the first embodiment, the main die base driving mechanism includes a mounting base 300, a driving member 302 provided with a driving shaft 301, a main die holder driving motor 303, a driving block 304, and a main mode.
- Seat drive mechanism position adjustment mechanism is provided with a driving shaft 301, a main die holder driving motor 303, a driving block 304, and a main mode.
- the driving member 302 includes a disc 305, a mounting shaft 306 disposed on one end surface of the disc 305, and a driving shaft 301 disposed on the other end surface of the disc 305, the axis of the mounting shaft 306 being offset from the axis of the driving shaft 301;
- the drive shaft 301, the disk 305, and the mounting shaft 306 have an integral structure.
- the driving member 302, the disk 305 and the mounting shaft 306 are integrally driven, and the driving member 302 has good rigidity and can provide a larger driving force.
- a guide groove 290 is disposed on the front and rear sides of the mounting base 300.
- the bottom of the base 301 protruding from the body 291 and having the opening 292 is provided with a slot 293 that cooperates with the mounting seat 300.
- a drive block slide hole 310 having an opening downward is provided on the main die holder 308.
- the mounting shaft 306 of the driving member 302 is mounted on the output shaft of the main die holder driving motor 303 through the mounting base 300.
- the driving block 304 is only rotatably mounted on the driving shaft 301 of the driving member 302, and the driving block 304 is slidable back and forth. Installed in the drive block slide hole 310.
- the main die holder 308 is mounted in the receiving cavity 294 of the base body 307.
- the two guiding slots 290 of the mounting seat 300 are slidably mounted on the two side walls 295 of the slot 293.
- the end plate 296 is mounted on the end surface of the base body 307 at one end of the opening 292.
- the main die base drive mechanism position adjusting mechanism includes a servo motor 297, a screw 298 fixed coaxially with the servo motor 297, and a screw hole 299 provided on the mounting base 300 to cooperate with the screw 298. Screw 298 is threaded through end plate 296 to threaded bore 299 of the mount and servo motor 297 is mounted on end plate 296.
- the driving member 302 is driven to rotate by the main die holder driving motor 303.
- the driving shaft 301 of the driving member 302 drives the driving block 304 to slide in the driving block sliding hole 310, and the driving block 304 drives the main die holder 308 to slide back and forth. Since the driving mechanism of the main die holder 308 drives the main die holder 308 directly by the driving member 302 and the driving block 304, the structure is simple and compact, and the precision of the main mold base 308 moving back and forth is greatly improved.
- the linkage mechanism is omitted, the failure rate of the drive mechanism is greatly reduced, the drive reliability is improved, and the installation and commissioning of the main mold assembly and the main mold assembly drive mechanism are particularly simple, and the operation of the installation and commissioning equipment is greatly reduced.
- the servo motor 297 drives the screw 298 to rotate, and the threaded hole 299 of the mounting base 300 cooperates with the screw 298 to drive the guiding groove 290 of the mounting base 300 to slide on the two side walls 295 of the slot 293, thereby finely adjusting the trim of the main die holder 308.
- the upsetting machine also includes a pneumatic positioning device.
- the pneumatic positioning device includes a cylinder 311 mounted on one side of the base body 307 and a positioning member 313 mounted on the cylinder piston 312.
- a positioning groove 314 is provided on the main die holder 308 to cooperate with the positioning member 313.
- the positioning member 313 extends into the positioning groove 314 to position the main die holder 308, which can effectively avoid the main vibration due to upsetting.
- the mold base 308 is displaced to improve the upsetting precision and the quality of the workpiece.
- the topping mechanism of all upset positions 315 includes a top bar 316, a top bar guide sleeve 317, a top bar drive member 318, and a drive top bar drive member 318 that are oriented back and forth along the axis of the top bar 316.
- a jack 319 on the upset position 315 corresponds to a top bar 316 and a top bar guide sleeve 317.
- the top bar guide sleeve 317 is mounted on the body 320, and one end of the top bar 316 extends into the top bar guide sleeve 317.
- the upsetting machine further includes a front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the top material mechanism; a top bar 316 on the upsetting position 315 corresponds to a front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the top material mechanism.
- the front and rear position adjusting mechanism of the top material mechanism includes a servo motor 321, a worm 322, a worm wheel 323, a mounting seat 324, an external thread portion 325 provided at one end of the top rod 316, and a rotation preventing mechanism for restricting rotation of the top rod 316 with respect to the worm wheel 323.
- the mounting seat 324 is provided with an internally threaded hole 326 that engages with the external threaded portion 325 of the top bar 316, a worm wheel mounting hole 327 that communicates with the internally threaded hole 326 and is coaxial, and a worm mounting hole 328 that communicates with the worm wheel mounting hole 327.
- the axis of the worm mounting bore 328 is perpendicular to the axis of the internally threaded bore 326.
- An inner through hole 329 is provided in the worm 322.
- the rotation preventing mechanism is a rotation preventing groove 330 provided on the external thread portion 325 of the top bar 316 and a rotation preventing strip 331 disposed on the through hole 329 in the worm 322.
- the servo motor 321 is mounted on the mounting base 324.
- One end of the worm 322 is fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor 321, and the other end is mounted on the mounting base 324.
- the worm wheel 323 is installed in the hole of the worm wheel mounting hole 327 and is limited by the end cover 332.
- the externally threaded portion 325 of the top bar 316 extends through the internally threaded bore 326 in the mount 324 into the inner through bore 329 of the worm gear 323.
- the rotation preventing groove 331 of the inner through hole 329 of the worm wheel 323 extending into the external thread portion 325 of the top bar 316 restricts the rotation of the top bar 316 relative to the worm wheel 323, the mounting seat 324 does not move, and the servo motor 321 drives the worm 322.
- the worm 322 drives the worm gear 323.
- the external threaded portion 325 of the top rod 316 cooperates with the internally threaded hole 326 of the fixed seat to drive the top rod 316 to adjust the position of the top rod 316.
- the top rod driving member driving device includes a servo motor 333 and a driving plate 335 provided with a driving shaft 334; the servo motor 333 is mounted on the body 320, and the driving plate 335 is mounted with the output shaft of the servo motor 333.
- the axis of the drive shaft 334 is offset from the axis of the mounting shaft 336 on which the drive plate 335 is mounted.
- a drive slot 337 is provided on the top bar drive member 318 to cooperate with the drive shaft 334; the drive shaft 334 extends into the drive slot 337.
- the slewing drive member of the ejector mechanism is the drive plate 335.
- the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the drive plate 335 in the ejection direction is twice the distance between the axis of the drive disk 335 and the axis of the drive shaft 334.
- the pushing mechanism is the same as that of the first embodiment. Since the lever is added, the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the rotary driving member of the pushing mechanism in the ejection direction is much larger than the maximum stroke of the driving plate 335 of the receiving mechanism in the ejection direction. Straight line distance.
- the upsetting machine further includes a clamp seat 338 and a clamp mechanism. A clamping mechanism is provided on all of the upsets 315 on the delivery and upset position 340.
- the single clamping mechanism includes a servo motor 339, a left rotating shaft 343 fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor 339, and a left driving block 342 having a driving tooth 341 fixed to the left rotating shaft 343, and a left fixing block 344 fixed to the left fixing block 344.
- the left caliper body 345 further includes a right driving block 347 provided with driving teeth 346, a right rotating shaft 348 fixed to the right driving block 347, a right fixing block 349, and a right caliper body 350 fixed to the right fixing block 349.
- the left rotating shaft 343 is fixed to the left fixing block 344 through the clamp seat 338; the right rotating shaft 348 is fixed to the right fixing block 349 through the clamp seat 338; the driving teeth 346 of the right driving block 347 and the driving teeth 341 of the left driving block 342 are mutually Engage.
- the large slider drive mechanism includes a servo motor 351, a link 352, a link rear cover 353, and a crankshaft 354. Both ends of the crankshaft 354 are mounted on the body 320 and fixed to the output shaft of the servo motor 351; one end of the link 352 is pivotally connected to the large slider 356 via the pivot shaft 355, and the other end of the link 352 is engaged with the eccentricity of the crankshaft 354. On the shaft 357, the link rear cover 353 is hugged on the eccentric shaft 357 of the crankshaft 354 and mounted with the link 352.
- the working steps of the upsetting machine include the following steps:
- the trimming die 358 in the main die holder 308 is placed in the trimming material position 359, and the wire corresponding to the trimming material position 359 is fed into the trimming die 358 in the main die holder 308 via the wire feeding mechanism;
- the large slider drive mechanism drives the large slider 356 to move, and the die assembly 360 mounted on the large slider 356 moves toward the die assembly 361.
- the final die 362 of the die assembly 360 has no workpiece, and is not on the upset position 315.
- the die 363 without the upsetting; the punching and forging position 340 will open the blank clamped by the clamping mechanism into the upset forging die 364 of the coaxial axis, and the clamp is opened and the clamp is opened.
- the die and the die 363 of the upset position 340 continue to upset the blank in the upset forging die 364; the die of the other upset position 315 punches the article held by the clamping mechanism into the die that is coaxial therewith.
- the clamp is opened, and the die of the other upset position 315 after the clamp is opened continues to upset the workpiece in the upset forging die;
- the large slider drive mechanism drives the large slider 356 to be reset, that is, the die assembly 360 mounted on the large slider 356 moves away from the die assembly 361, and the workpiece remains in the corresponding upset die;
- the main mold base 308 drives the main mold assembly to slide, and the trimming mold 358 in the main mold base 308 is mounted on the main mold base 308 during sliding from the trim position 359 to the delivery and upsetting position 340.
- the trimming die 358 cuts the wire to achieve a full round cut, the cut wire forms the blank required for the upset; the trimming die 358 moves to the delivery and upset position 340, and the blank follows the main die holder 308
- the trimming die 358 moves together to the delivery and upset position 340; the workpiece in the upset die moves along with the main die holder 308 to the next upset position 315;
- the trimming die 358 is moved to the delivery and upsetting position 340.
- the large slider driving mechanism drives the large slider 356 to move, and the die of the upset position 315 is aligned with the upset forging 315 Upset forging of the upset die;
- the large slider 356 starts to move toward the direction away from the main mold assembly, and the top rod 316 of the topping mechanism of the upsetting mechanism 315 corresponding to the final punching die 362 is the top rod 319 of the top main mold assembly.
- the top ejector pin 319 pushes out the finished product in the upset die of the upsetting position 315; the topping mechanism of the upset position 315 corresponding to the other die, the clip on the upset position 315
- the clamp closes the clamping piece and the part is separated from the upsetting die; during the topping process of the pushing mechanism of the feeding and upsetting position 340, the clamp of the feeding and upsetting position 340 closes the blank and the blank is removed from the cutting die 358;
- Step (1) to step (3) are repeated cycles.
- the top material mechanism 379 is a conventional top mechanism 379 for synchronous mechanical ejection.
- Each of the top bars 380 corresponds to a top material mechanism 379 front and rear position adjustment mechanism 381.
- the main die base driving mechanism includes a motor 382, a link 383, and a driving member 384 provided with a drive shaft 385.
- the driving member 384 includes a disk 386, a mounting shaft 387 disposed on one end surface of the disk 386, and a driving shaft 385 disposed on the other end surface of the disk 386, the axis of the mounting shaft 387 being offset from the axis of the driving shaft 385;
- the drive shaft 385, the disk 386, and the mounting shaft 387 have an integral structure.
- a mounting shaft 387 of the drive member 384 is mounted on the output shaft of the motor 382.
- a connecting rod pivoting shaft 390 is disposed on the main mold base 389; one end of the connecting rod 383 is rotatably mounted on the driving shaft 385 of the driving member 384, and the other end of the connecting rod 383 is rotatably mounted only on the main mold base 389.
- the link is pivotally attached to the shaft 390.
- the drive member 384 is driven to rotate by the motor 382.
- the drive shaft 385 of the drive member 384 drives the link 383 to move.
- the link 383 drives the main die holder 389 to slide back and forth on the guide provided on the body 391.
- the main mold base 389 driving mechanism adopts a link 383 mechanism, which can increase the stroke of the main mold base 389 to slide back and forth.
- a clamping mechanism 394 is provided on the upset position 393 facing the four punch die 392, and a clamping mechanism 397 is provided on the upset position 396 opposite the two punch die 395. .
- the large slider driving mechanism is different from that of the first embodiment in that the crankshaft 378 of the large slider driving mechanism is driven by the large pulley 398 coaxially fixed by the crankshaft 378, and the large pulley 398 is small by the belt 399.
- the pulley 400 is driven, and the small pulley 400 is driven by a motor 401 mounted coaxially therewith.
- the die assembly 401 further includes a positioning mechanism disposed in the die assembly 401 to keep the blank 402 coaxial with the axis of the die 403.
- the positioning mechanism includes three elastic pieces 404.
- the elastic piece 404 includes a spring body 405, and the other end of the elastic body 405 is bent toward the same side of the fastening portion 406, and then the parallel elastic body 405 is bent and buckled away from the same.
- the positioning portion 407 is bent at one side of the portion 406.
- the die 403 is provided with a lateral abutting through hole 408 that engages with the engaging portion 406 and a lateral through hole 409 that engages with the positioning portion 407.
- the die thimble 410 is provided with a cutout 411 that engages with the positioning portion 407.
- the abutting portion of the elastic piece 404 is mounted in the abutting through hole 408 of the die 403, and the positioning portion 407 of the elastic piece 404 extends through the lateral through hole 409 of the die 403 into the die thimble 410.
- the slab body 405 is placed between the die 403 and the die 403 sleeve.
- the engaging portion 406 of the elastic piece 404 is mounted in the resisting through hole 408 of the die 403, and the head portion 412 of the blank 402 passes over the positioning portion 407 of the elastic piece 404, and the positioning portion 407 of the elastic piece 404.
- the lateral through hole 409 passing through the die 403 bears against the stem portion 413 of the blank 402 to axially limit the stem portion 413 of the blank 402, maintaining the blank 402 and the die even when the stem portion 413 of the blank 402 is long.
- the axis of 403 is coaxial.
- the upsetting machine includes a body 601, a large slider 602 slidably mounted on the body 601, an ejector 603 mounted on the large slider 602 and the body 601, and a large slider 602.
- the sliding large slider driving mechanism 604 the top material mechanism 605 mounted on the body 601, the top material mechanism 605 front and rear position adjusting mechanism, the pushing mechanism 606, the push rod stroke adjusting mechanism 607, the wire feeding mechanism 608, and the main mold
- a accommodating cavity 611 for mounting the main mold assembly 609 is disposed on the body 601.
- One end of the accommodating cavity 611 is provided with an opening for mounting the main mold assembly 609, and the main mold assembly is mounted.
- the open end plate 612 is sealed after 609.
- the main mold assembly 609 is mounted in the accommodating chamber 611 from the opening, and the end plate 612 is mounted at the opening of the accommodating chamber 611 and fixed to the body 601.
- the upsetting machine further includes a first transmission shaft 613, a second transmission shaft 614, and a crankshaft which are sequentially mounted on the body 601 in the direction of the main mold assembly 609, and have parallel axes and on the same horizontal plane. 615.
- One end of the first transmission shaft 613 is coaxially fixed with a first pinion 616 and a pulley 617 directly driven by the motor from the inside to the outside.
- One end of the crankshaft 615 is fixed with a first large gear 620 that meshes with the first pinion 616, and the other end of the crankshaft 615 is fixed with a second pinion 621 through the body 601.
- One end of the second transmission shaft 614 is coaxially fixed with a second large gear 618 that meshes with the second pinion gear 621, and the other end is fixed with a first bevel gear 619 through the body 601.
- the transmission ratio of the second large gear 618 to the second small gear 621 is 2:1.
- a motor (not shown) drives the pulley 617 to rotate by a belt (not shown).
- the pulley 617 drives the first transmission shaft 613 and the first pinion 616 to rotate.
- the first pinion 616 rotates to drive the first large gear 620 that is engaged therewith.
- a drive shaft 623 that is coupled to a drive link 622 that drives the carriage drive is eccentrically disposed at an end of the second large gear 618 that faces away from the first drive shaft 613.
- the body 601 is provided with a trim position 631, a forward and upset position 632, an upset position 633, an upset position 634, an upset position 635, and an upset position 636.
- the wire feeding mechanism 608 is disposed at the trimming position 631, and the pushing mechanism 606 is disposed on the delivery and upsetting position 632, and is provided on the upsetting position 633, the upsetting position 634, the upsetting position 635, and the upsetting position 636.
- the wire feeding mechanism 608 includes a fixing base 664 that is attached to the outer side surface of the body 601.
- a feeding motor 652 is fixed to the outside of the fixing base 664, and the feeding motor 652 is a servo motor.
- the motor shaft of the feeding motor 652 is connected to the driving shaft 653.
- the first feeding gear 654 is mounted on the driving shaft 653, and the first driven shaft 655 is mounted directly above the driving shaft 653.
- the first driven shaft 655 is pivotally connected to the first driven shaft 655.
- the swinging member 657 is mounted with a second feed gear 656 that meshes with the first feed gear 654.
- a second driven shaft 658 having two ends mounted on the swinging member 657 is disposed on the swinging member 657.
- the second driven shaft 658 is disposed outside the driving shaft 653, and the axis of the second driven shaft 658 is firstly driven.
- the shaft 655 is on the same horizontal plane, and the second driven shaft 658 is mounted with a third feed gear 659 and a first feed wheel 660 that mesh with the second feed gear 656.
- the first feed wheel 660 is placed at the third feed gear 659 away from the feed motor.
- a third driven shaft 661 is mounted directly below the second driven shaft 658.
- the third driven gear 661 is mounted with a fourth feeding gear 662 that meshes with the first feeding gear 654.
- a second feed wheel 663 is also mounted directly below the first feed wheel 660.
- the wire movement is carried out under the action of the first feed wheel 660 and the second feed wheel 663.
- the wire feeding mechanism 608 further includes a fixing base 664, and both ends of the driving shaft 653, the first driven shaft 655, and the third driven shaft 661 are mounted on the fixing base 664.
- a pressing device is provided between the swinging member 657 and the fixing seat 664, and the force of the pressing device acts on the swinging member 657, and the force is downward.
- a longitudinal straightening wheel set 665 and a lateral straightening wheel set 666 are sequentially disposed on the fixing base 664.
- the pressing device includes a cylinder 667 mounted on the body 601 and a cylinder push rod 668.
- One end of the cylinder push rod 668 is provided with a radial oblong hole 669, and the length direction of the oblong hole 669 Parallel to the end face of the cylinder push rod 668, one end of the cylinder push rod 668 having the oblong hole 669 is hingedly connected to the swinging member 657 via the connecting shaft 670, and the other end is connected to the drive shaft of the cylinder 667.
- the downward force is generated by the self-weight of the swinging member 657 and the pulling force of the cylinder 667, ensuring that the first feeding wheel 660 and the second feeding wheel 663 are always in a compact state, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the wire feeding.
- the swinging member 657 is lifted by the thrust of the cylinder 667 and the oblong hole 669 on the cylinder push rod 668 provides a moving space for the horizontal displacement of the connecting end cylinder push rod 668, thereby adjusting the first feed wheel 660 and the second.
- the effect of the spacing between the feed wheels 663 provides space for the wires to enter the first feed wheel 660 and the second feed wheel 663 during refueling.
- the body 601 is located at the side of the main die holder 710 facing the feeding drive mechanism with a trimming position 631.
- the wire is straightened and guided by the wire feeding mechanism 608, and then enters the cutting die through the trimming position 631.
- the large slider 602, the punch assembly mounted on the large slider 602, and the large slider drive mechanism 604 that drives the large slider 602 to slide back and forth are different from the first embodiment in that,
- two sets of guide rollers 681 are arranged at the bottom of the large slider 602 for supporting the large slider 602 to slide back and forth on the bottom guide plate 682 inside the body 601 to convert the sliding friction force into rolling friction force. Thereby, the friction between the large slider 602 and the bottom guide plate 682 is reduced.
- the upper ejecting device 603 includes a pendulum rod driving cam 683 fixed to the second propeller shaft 614, and the swing rod 684 is mounted on the swing rod 684 and the swing rod driving cam 683.
- the oscillating weight roller 685 is fixed on the body and is mounted on the swing rod shaft 686 at the middle of the swing rod 684, and is mounted on the swing pressing rod 687 and the swing arm assembly 688 at one end of the swing rod 684 away from the swing rod roller 685.
- the swing arm assembly 688 includes a first swing arm 689, a second swing arm 690, a rotating shaft 691, a wear block 692, a spring pin 693, a spring 694, and a spring cap 695.
- the first swing arm 689 includes a long arm 696, a short arm 697, and a mounting portion 698; the long arm 696 and the short arm 697 form an L-shape, and the mounting portion 698 is disposed at a corner of the long arm 696 and the short arm 697, and protrudes from the long arm.
- the 696 and the short arm 697 are provided on the mounting portion 698 with a first swing arm pivoting hole 699 that cooperates with the rotating shaft 691.
- the wear block 692 is fixed to the upward facing surface of the first swing arm 689.
- the second swing arm 690 includes a cylindrical second swing arm body 700.
- the second swing arm pivot hole 701 is matched with the rotating shaft 691 at the axial center of the second swing arm body 700.
- the second swing arm body 700 A connecting portion 702 is protruded from the upper side of the connecting portion 702.
- five top-bottom arms 703 having the same structure and uniformly distributed are radially protruded.
- One side of the arm body 700 is provided with a mounting groove 704 for mounting the first swing arm 689, and the mounting groove 704 is in communication with the second swing arm pivoting hole 701, and each of the top arms 703 is away from the second swing arm body 700.
- An ejector pin 705 is mounted to the end, the side facing away from the mounting slot 704.
- the spring cap 695 is mounted on the side of the long arm 696 that faces away from the wear block 692.
- One end of the spring pin 693 is mounted on the large slider 602, and the other end penetrates the spring 694 and does not protrude from the spring 694.
- the end of the spring 694 facing away from the large slider 602 rests on the spring cap 695.
- the mounting portion 698 of the first swing arm 689 extends into the mounting groove 704 of the second swing arm 690, and the rotating shaft 691 passes through the second swing arm pivoting hole 701, the first swing arm pivoting hole 699, and the first swing arm a joint of the short arm 697 of the 689 and the second swing arm 690
- the 702 is secured together to secure the first swing arm 689 and the second swing arm 690 together. Both ends of the rotating shaft 691 are fixed to the large slider 602, and the pendulum pressing wheel 687 is pressed against the wear block 692.
- the rotation of the second transmission shaft 614 drives the swing lever drive cam 683 to rotate, and the swing lever drive cam 683 swings the swing lever roller 685 to swing the swing lever 684 around the swing lever shaft 686.
- the swing lever 684 is provided with one end of the swing pressing wheel 687
- the pendulum pressing wheel 687 presses down the wear block 692, so that the first swing arm 689 drives the second swing arm 690 to rotate around the rotating shaft 691, and the top arm 703 swings to cause the upper ejection pin 705 to act on the die assembly.
- the die thimble causes the die thimble to produce a linear one-way motion.
- the spring 694 provides a restoring force to the swing lever 684 assembly and causes the swing pressure roller 687 of the swing lever 684 to remain in contact with the wear block 692.
- the inner hole 706 of the swing lever driving cam 683 is an inner gear-shaped hole of a triangular tooth, and the portion of the second transmission shaft 614 that cooperates with the inner hole 706 of the swing lever driving cam 683 is an external gear shape, thereby making the cam The angle adjustment is convenient.
- the main mold assembly 609 is different from the first embodiment in that the main mold base 710 has a unitary structure.
- the master module assembly 609 also includes two sets of roller devices 711, each set of roller devices 711 including a roller 712 and a roller 713 mounted on both ends of the roller 712.
- a mounting portion 714 on which the roller 712 is mounted is protruded from the bottom surface of the main die holder 710; both ends of the roller 712 are mounted on the mounting portion 714, and the roller 713 protrudes from the bottom surface of the mounting portion 714.
- the main die base driving mechanism 610 is different from the first embodiment in that it includes a driving carriage 720 and a driving carriage driving device.
- the driving carriage chute 721 on the main mold base 710 that cooperates with the driving carriage 720 is horizontally disposed and is an open slot.
- the drive link 622 has one end connected to the main die holder 710 and the other end connected to the drive shaft 623 on the second large gear 618. Since the axes of the first transmission shaft 613 and the crankshaft 615 are on the same horizontal plane, the drive carriage 720 can be horizontally moved.
- a main mold base clearance eliminating device 722 and a main mold seat clearance are provided on both sides of the moving cavity main mold base 710 in which the main mold base 710 is mounted, and the two outer sides of the body 601 opposite to each other.
- the device 729 is eliminated.
- the main die holder clearance eliminating device 722 on the side of the driving carriage chute 721 includes two spring sleeves 723, a spring rod 724, and a spring 725 having the same structure.
- the middle portion of the spring rod 724 is provided with a shoulder 726.
- the spring sleeve 723 is provided with a spring receiving hole 727, a through hole 728 coaxial with the spring receiving hole 727 and engaging with the spring rod 724.
- the spring 725 is disposed in the spring receiving hole 727.
- One end of the spring rod 724 passes through the through hole 728 of the spring 725 and the spring sleeve 723, and the other end of the spring rod 724 extends through the through hole in the body 601 into the mounting main mold base 710.
- the accommodating cavity 611 is inside and facing the main die holder 710.
- the two ends of the spring 725 are respectively resisted by the shoulder 726 of the spring rod 724 and the bottom of the spring receiving hole 727, and the spring sleeve 723 is mounted and mounted on the outer side of the body 601.
- the main die holder clearance eliminating device 729 away from the side of the drive carriage chute 721 is mounted on the end plate 612.
- the spring rod 731 is a screw, and the threaded portion of the spring rod 731 is connected to the lock nut (not shown) through the spring 732 and the through hole 734 of the spring sleeve 733.
- the head of the spring rod 731 is placed on the main mold base 710. The cavity 611 is accommodated.
- the driving rod 622 mounted on the main die holder 710 is gap-fitted with the driving groove 735, and the main die holder clearance eliminating device 722 is provided.
- the spring rod 724 of the main mold cavity clearance eliminating device 722 which is always close to one side, resists the limit, so that the driving roller 736 and the groove wall of the driving groove 735 are kept in contact with each other to reduce vibration and drive the movement of the carriage 720. Reliable, so that the main die holder 710 is highly accurate in a relatively static position.
- a static shearing mold 751 and a static shearing are further provided at the trim position 631, at the position of the trimming position 631 of the body 601, and on the side of the body 601 facing the main mold assembly 609.
- the die position is fine-tuned.
- the outer circumference of the static shearing die 751 is a regular hexagon, and a through hole 752 is formed in the center to cooperate with the wire.
- the static shearing die position fine adjustment device comprises a fixing plate 753, an upper and lower adjusting seat 754, a left and right adjusting seat 755, a cover plate 756, two adjusting bolts 757 having the same structure, and a common bolt 758.
- the adjusting bolt 757 includes a resisting portion 759 and a male threaded portion 760, and an annular resisting groove 761 is provided on the resisting portion 759.
- One side of the fixing plate 753 is provided with a groove 762 having a semicircular arc at the bottom and engaging with the outer periphery of the abutting portion 759 of the adjusting bolt 757.
- the intermediate portion of the inner wall of the groove 762 radially protrudes from the abutting groove 761 of the adjusting bolt 757.
- the mating support portion 763 has a top end of the support portion 763 that engages with the bottom of the resist groove 761.
- the upper and lower adjusting seats 754 are rectangular parallelepiped members, and the opposite sides of the opposite side are convexly provided with a guiding limiting portion 764, and a receiving hole 765 for mounting the left and right adjusting seats 755 for sliding up and down is disposed therein, in the receiving hole 765 A through hole 766 is provided at the bottom for the passage of the wire.
- the upper portion of the upper and lower adjustment seat 754 is provided with a groove 767 having the same structure as the groove 762 of the fixing plate 753. The groove 767 penetrates the top surface of the adjustment seat and the receiving hole 765.
- the left and right adjusting seats 755 are provided with a first adjustment hole 768 which is matched with the static shearing die 751 and has four parallel faces which are inclined with respect to the horizontal plane and the corner arc transition.
- the cover plate 756 is provided with a second adjustment hole 769 that cooperates with the static shear die 751.
- the upper and lower adjusting seat accommodating grooves 770 are matched with the upper and lower adjusting seats 754 at the position of the trimming position 631 of the body 601, and the guiding and limiting portions 764 of the upper and lower adjusting seats 754 are vertically slid in the upper and lower adjusting seat accommodating grooves 770.
- the upper and lower adjusting seats 754 are only slidable up and down in the upper and lower adjusting seat accommodating grooves 770, and the grooves 762 of the upper and lower adjusting seats 754 are upward.
- the adjusting bolt 757 is screwed to the threaded hole on the upper and lower adjusting seat 754, and the adjusting bolt 757 is inserted into the recess 762 of the fixing plate 753.
- the supporting portion 763 of the recess 762 is inserted into the resisting groove 761 of the adjusting bolt 757 so that the adjusting bolt 757 is In the upper and lower limits, one side of the fixing plate 753 is fixed to the body 601 by a common bolt 758.
- the adjusting bolt 757 is screwed to the threaded hole on the left and right adjusting base 755, and the left and right adjusting seat 755 is installed in the receiving hole 765 of the upper and lower adjusting seat 754, and the adjusting bolt 757 is adjusted.
- the support portion 763 of the upper and lower adjustment seats 754 is inserted into the recess 767 of the upper and lower adjustment base 754 and protrudes into the abutment groove 761 of the adjustment bolt 757 so that the adjustment bolt 757 is positioned above and below.
- the static shearing die 751 is slidably slid back and forth in the first adjusting hole 768 and protrudes from the first adjusting hole 768 and is circumferentially constrained by the hole wall of the first adjusting hole 768.
- the static shearing die 751 protruding from the left and right adjusting seats 755 is slidably mounted in the left and right direction in the second adjusting hole 769, and the cover plate 756 is mounted on the upper and lower adjusting seats 754.
- the up and down position of the upper and lower adjustment seats 754 can be adjusted by tightening or unscrewing the adjustment bolts 757.
- the upper and lower positions of the left and right adjustment seats 755 can be adjusted by tightening or loosening the adjustment bolts 757.
- the static shearing mold 751 is resisted by the second adjustment holes 769 and is obliquely pushed by the first adjustment holes 768 on the second adjustment holes 769 to produce a lateral direction. The displacement is such that the static shear mode 751 is adjusted to the left and right positions.
- the top material mechanism 605 includes a cam shaft 791, a cam shaft drive mechanism 792, a first cam 793 fixed to the cam shaft 791, a second cam 794, a third cam 795, and a fourth cam 796.
- Each cam corresponds to a top bar ornaments 797, a pendulum reset mechanism 798 for resetting the top bar ornaments 797, and an ejection mechanism 799 that can be coupled to the top bar ornaments 797.
- each cam is an internal toothed hole 800, and an external gear-shaped portion 801 that cooperates with the internal toothed hole 800 of the cam is radially protruded on the cam shaft 791 for the mounting position of each cam, and is fixed at the cam.
- the angle adjustment and the circumferential fixation can be performed by the cooperation of the internal toothed hole 800 and the external gear portion 801.
- a roller 802 that abuts the cam is pivotally coupled to the top bar 797.
- the four top bar ornaments 797 are rotatably pivotally coupled to the top bar swing shaft 803 that is fixed to the body 601.
- the slewing drive of the ejector mechanism is a top bar 797.
- the ejector mechanism 799 includes a top bar 804, a return spring 805, and a top bar guide sleeve 806.
- the top bar 804 is a stepped shaft, which in turn includes a small shaft 807, a middle shaft 808, a large shaft 809, a middle shaft 821, and a return spring 805 is mounted on the top.
- the small shaft 807 of the top rod 804 passes through the return spring 805 until the return spring 805 is resisted by the large shaft 809 toward the end surface of the small shaft 807 and protrudes from the top rod guide sleeve 806, and the top rod guide sleeve 806 is mounted on the body.
- the top bar 804 protrudes from the central axis 821 on the side of the small shaft 807, and the top bar guide sleeve 806 is spliced to the top bar 804 pendulum 797.
- the swing reset mechanism 798 includes a return spring 810 and a reset lever 811.
- the middle of the reset lever 811 is provided with a shoulder 812.
- One end of the reset lever 811 is inserted into the swing reset mechanism receiving hole 813 of the body 601 through the return spring 810.
- One end of the 810 is resisted by the shoulder 812 of the reset lever 811, and the other end of the reset lever 811 is abutted against the top bar 797.
- the camshaft drive mechanism 792 includes a second bevel gear 814 that meshes with the first bevel gear 619, and a third drive shaft 815 that is coaxially mounted on the second bevel gear 814, coaxially mounted. a third bevel gear 816 on the third transmission shaft 815, a fourth bevel gear 817 meshing with the third bevel gear 816, and a fourth transmission shaft 818 coaxially mounted on the fourth bevel gear 817 toward the camshaft 791 side.
- the fifth bevel gear 819, on which the shaft is mounted on the fourth drive shaft 818, and the sixth bevel gear 820, which meshes with the fifth bevel gear 819, are coaxially mounted on the sixth bevel gear 820.
- the push mechanism 606 includes a pusher cam 831 mounted on the camshaft 791 of the top material mechanism 605, a pusher 832, and a pusher assembly that can be coupled to the pusher 832.
- a roller 833 for urging the pusher cam 831 is pivotally connected to one end of the pusher 832, and the other end is provided with a vacant groove 834 and a wear-resistant member 835.
- the wear-resistant member 835 is also provided with the same shape to avoid the air.
- the slot 834 is mounted on the pusher 832 and the two slats 834 are opposite to each other.
- the pusher 832 is rotatably pivotally connected to the body 601 by a pusher shaft 836 mounted on the body 601. Its pivotal position is near the side of the roller 833.
- the rotary drive member of the push mechanism is a pusher 832.
- the distance between the pivoting position of the pusher 832 to the ejector position is much greater than the distance between the pivoting position of the bat 797 and the ejector position, and thus the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the pusher 832 in the ejector direction. It is much larger than the linear distance of the maximum stroke of the top bar 797 in the ejection direction.
- the pusher assembly includes a pusher guide sleeve 837, a pusher bar 838, a spring guide sleeve 839, an adjustment spring 840, a thrust bearing 841, an adjustment nut 842, and an adjustment member 843.
- a convex ring 844 is radially protruded from one end of the pusher guide sleeve 837.
- the center of the push guide sleeve 837 is provided with a central through hole 845, and five circumferentially uniform surfaces are radially protruded from the hole wall of the central through hole 845.
- An axially extending, spline-shaped guide groove 846 defines an end of the five guide grooves 846 as a guide hole 847.
- the push rod 838 is a stepped shaft, which in turn includes a pusher shaft 848, a pusher shaft 849, and a pusher center shaft 850.
- the guide shaft 846 is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer circumference of the pusher shaft 849.
- the portion 851 is provided with a male screw portion 852 at an end of the pusher shaft 850 facing away from the pusher shaft 849, and the outer periphery of the pusher shaft 848 is engaged with the guide hole 847 of the pusher guide sleeve 837. Since the force required for pushing the material is not large, the push rod 838 can be made of an aluminum alloy.
- the shaft guide position of the spring guide sleeve 839 is provided with a through hole 853 for engaging with the pusher center shaft 850.
- a shoulder 854 is protruded in the middle of the outer circumference of the spring guide sleeve 839, and a through hole 853 is provided at one end of the spring guide sleeve 839.
- the coaxial is used to receive the counterbore 855 of the adjustment spring 840.
- the outer circumference of the adjusting member 843 is an outer hexagonal clamping portion 856 and a circular abutting portion 857 of the radial protruding clamping portion 856.
- the axial position of the adjusting member 843 is provided with a thread that cooperates with the male screw portion 852. Through hole 858.
- a stepped push mechanism 606 is provided on the body 601 to engage the outer periphery of the pusher guide sleeve 837.
- the pusher shaft 848 of the push rod 838 penetrates into the guide hole 847 from the side of the round convex ring 844 of the pusher guide sleeve 837.
- the guiding portion 851 of the pushing large shaft 849 is correspondingly inserted into the guiding groove 846 of the pushing guide sleeve 837, and the pushing guide sleeve 837 is installed in the receiving hole of the pushing mechanism 606.
- One end of the adjustment spring 840 is mounted in the counterbore 855 of the pusher guide sleeve 837 and protrudes from the counterbore 855.
- the external thread portion 852 of the pusher shaft 850 of the push rod 838 is sequentially threaded through the through hole 853 of the spring guide sleeve 839, the adjusting spring 840, the thrust bearing 841, and the adjusting nut 842 to the threaded through hole 858 of the adjusting member 843.
- One end of the adjustment spring 840 is resisted by the bottom surface of the counterbore 855, and the other end is resisted by the thrust bearing 841.
- the adjusting nut 842 and the adjusting member 843 abut together to generate a self-locking, so that the adjusting nut 842 and the adjusting member 843 are not easily reversed and loosened.
- the thrust bearing 841 rotates the nut toward the adjustment spring 840, the resistance is smaller, and the stroke adjustment is facilitated.
- the end surface of the adjusting portion 843 of the resisting portion 857 facing away from the clamping portion 856 is abutted against the wear-resistant member 835 of the pushing member 832, and the external thread portion 852 of the pushing rod 838 can penetrate into the cutout 834 of the pushing member 832.
- the threaded end of the push rod 838 and the adjustment nut 842 form a push rod stroke adjustment mechanism 607 of the push mechanism 606.
- one end or several pieces of the blank cut can be completely accommodated in the cutting mold of the main mold base 710 during the trimming, and the total length of the blanks accommodated in the cutting mold It is smaller than the thickness of the trimming die.
- the stroke of the pusher bar 838 changes, and the position of the adjusting nut 842 relative to the pusher bar 838 needs to be adjusted.
- the smaller the stroke the larger the free travel of the pusher 832.
- the main mold base assembly is of a one-piece structure, and the workpiece length adjusting device is different from that of the first embodiment.
- the servo motor mount 881 is directly mounted on the main mold base 882, and the four first servo motors 883 are both Mounted on the first servo motor 883 mount 881, the second bevel gear 884 mounted on the first servo motor 883 is in one-to-one engagement with the first bevel gear 886 on the first aaa worm 885.
- the main mold assembly is a one-piece structure, there is sufficient space for installing the servo motor mount 881, omitting the structure that the servo motor mount 881 needs to rotate within a certain angle, which greatly simplifies the structure of the workpiece length adjusting device, and makes the main The modular assembly structure is simpler and greatly reduces the cost.
- the pushing mechanism is different from that of the embodiment 5.
- the pushing assembly includes a pusher guide sleeve (not shown), a push rod (not shown), and a spring guide sleeve (not shown).
- the return spring 901, the limiting member 902, and the push rod stroke adjusting device mounted on the pusher 903.
- the center position of the stopper 902 is provided with a threaded blind hole (not shown) that engages with an external thread portion (not shown) of a pusher bar (not shown).
- the return spring 901 is used for resetting, and the portion is used to adjust the stroke of the push rod.
- the pusher guide sleeve, the pusher rod, the spring guide sleeve and the return spring 901 are the same as the embodiment 5.
- the threaded blind hole of the limiting member 902 is screwed to the threaded end of the push rod to limit the return spring 901.
- the push rod stroke adjusting device comprises an adjusting screw 904, a locking member 905, a fixing seat 906, an adjusting worm wheel 907, an adjusting worm 908, a servo motor 909, and the adjusting screw 904 is a T-shaped screw, including a resisting portion 910 and a facing away from the resisting portion 910.
- the male screw portion 911 of the curved surface is uniformly distributed in the three axial guide grooves 912 in the circumferential direction of the male screw portion 911.
- the locking member 905 has a circular shape, and a central position is provided with a rotation preventing through hole 913 that cooperates with the external thread portion 911 of the adjusting screw 904.
- the hole wall of the rotation preventing through hole 913 is provided with three radially protruding and guiding grooves. 912 mating guide projections 914.
- the center of the fixing base 906 is sequentially provided with a through hole 915 that cooperates with the adjusting screw 904, a receiving hole 916 coaxial with the through hole 915 and accommodates the adjusting worm wheel 907, and is coaxial with the receiving hole 916 and used for interference
- the counterbore 917 of the locking member 905 is fitted.
- a through hole (not shown) communicating with the receiving hole 916 and perpendicular to the adjusting worm 908 is disposed outside the fixing seat 906, and the distance between the axis of the through hole (not shown) and the axis of the receiving hole 916 is The distance between the axis of the intermeshing worm gear and the axis of the worm is equal.
- the end of the pusher 903 is provided with a through hole 919 that cooperates with the external thread portion 911 of the adjustment screw 904.
- the servo motor 909 is coupled to the adjustment worm 908, and the adjustment worm 908 extends through a through hole (not shown) in the fixing base 906 into the receiving hole 916.
- the servo motor 909 is mounted and mounted outside the fixing base 906;
- the accommodating hole 916 of the fixing seat 906 is inserted into the receiving hole 906 and the adjusting worm wheel 907 is engaged with the adjusting worm 908.
- the external thread portion 911 of the adjusting screw 904 sequentially passes through the rotation preventing through hole 913 of the locking member 905 and the guiding convex portion 914 of the rotation preventing through hole 913 is inserted into the corresponding guiding groove 912 of the external thread portion 911 and the axis of the adjustment worm wheel 907.
- the screw holes are threaded and aligned with the through holes 915 of the fixing seat 906, and the locking members 905 are non-rotatably mounted together with the countersunk holes 917 of the fixing seat 906.
- the side of the fixing seat 906 facing away from the counterbore 917 is mounted and mounted with the end of the pusher 903, and the through hole 915 of the fixing seat 906 is coaxial with the through hole 919 of the pusher 903.
- the abutting portion 910 of the adjusting screw 904 and the annular abutting portion 910 of the limiting member 902 are in a positional position corresponding to each other.
- the servo motor 909 drives the adjustment worm 908 to rotate, the adjustment worm 908 and the outer circumference of the adjustment worm wheel 907 mesh to rotate the adjustment worm wheel 907, and the shaft screw hole of the adjustment worm wheel 907 is threadedly engaged with the external thread portion 911 of the adjustment screw 904, but because of the locking member 905
- the adjusting protrusion 906 is non-rotatably mounted on the fixing base 906.
- the guiding protrusion 914 of the locking member 905 and the adjusting screw 904 guiding groove 912 cooperate with the adjusting screw 904 to rotate relative to the locking member 905, so that the adjusting screw 904 is driven by the adjusting worm wheel 907.
- the linear reciprocating motion changes the maximum spacing between the adjusting screw 904 and the push rod to achieve the purpose of adjusting the stroke of the push rod.
- the upsetting machine further includes a first transmission shaft 942, a crankshaft 943, and an axis, which are sequentially mounted on the body 941 in the direction of the main mold assembly, and whose axes are parallel and on the same horizontal plane.
- Two support portions 945 are protruded from the rear side of the body 941.
- first transmission shaft 942 is coaxially fixed with a first pinion 946, a pulley 947 directly driven by the motor, and the other end passes through the rear side of the body 941.
- the support portion 945 on the left side is mounted with the support portion 945 on the right side.
- One end of the crankshaft 943 is fixed with a first large gear 948 that meshes with the first pinion 946, and the other end of the crankshaft 943 is fixed with a first bevel gear 949 through the left and right sides of the body 941.
- Two support portions 950 are disposed on the right side of the body 941; one end of the second transmission shaft 944 is coaxially fixed with a second bevel gear 951 meshing with the first bevel gear 949 and mounted on the support portion 950 of the body 941, and the other end is worn.
- a third bevel gear 953 is fixed to the main mold base 952 and the support portion 950.
- the transmission ratio of the second bevel gear 951 to the first bevel gear 949 is 2:1.
- the motor (not shown) drives the pulley 947 to rotate by a belt (not shown), and the pulley 947 drives the first transmission shaft 942 and the first pinion 946 to rotate; the first pinion 946 rotates to drive the first large gear 948 engaged therewith.
- the second bevel gear 951 is rotated to drive the second transmission shaft 944 and the third bevel gear 953 to rotate.
- the camshaft drive mechanism of the top material mechanism includes a fourth bevel gear 954 that meshes with the third bevel gear 953, and a third drive shaft 955 that is coaxially mounted on the fourth bevel gear 954. a fifth bevel gear 956 coaxially mounted on the third drive shaft 955, and a sixth bevel gear 957 meshing with the fifth bevel gear 956.
- the cam shaft 958 is coaxially mounted on the sixth bevel gear 957 and supported on the body 941. .
- the swing lever drive cam 959 of the upper ejector is mounted on the second drive shaft 944, and the drive cam 959 is placed between the second bevel gear 951 and the main die holder 952.
- the swinging rod 960 is parallel to the crankshaft 943.
- the swinging rod 960 is pivotally connected to the top surface of the right side body 941, the lower end is connected to the driving cam 959 by the swing rod roller 961, and the upper end is provided with a spherical bearing 963 and the wear block 964.
- the main die base driving mechanism includes a driving cam 962 and two sets of rollers 965 that are mated with the driving cam 962.
- One end of the main mold base 952 is provided with a shaft avoidance groove 966 which is matched with the third drive shaft 955 in the sliding direction of the main mold base 952, and two vertical and communicating with the shaft avoidance groove 966 and two through the shaft avoidance groove 966.
- the driving cam 962 is placed in the cam avoidance groove 967 and mounted on the third transmission shaft 955 passing through the shaft avoidance groove 966.
- the roller 965 is mounted on both sides of the third transmission shaft 955 through the roller seat 968, and the axis of the roller 965 Parallel to the third drive shaft 955, the roller 965 can be coupled to the drive cam 962.
- the third drive shaft 955 rotates to drive the drive cam 962 to rotate, and the drive cam 962 pushes the roller 965, thereby causing the main mold base 952 to realize reciprocating linear motion.
- the workpiece length adjusting device is disposed in the main die holder 991; and the top bar guide sleeve 992 is further provided with a threaded hole 993 coaxial with the guiding hole 1002.
- the threaded hole 993 has a larger hole diameter than the guide hole 1002;
- the top rod guide sleeve 992 has a hexagonal adjustment head 994 at one end thereof;
- the workpiece length adjusting device includes a screw 995 provided with an externally threaded portion, and a threaded hole 993 in the top rod guide sleeve 992.
- a peripheral hex adjustment head 994 an axial escaping hole 997 is formed on the screw 995 to cooperate with the rod portion of the top rod 996, and the accommodating hole 998 of the main mold base 991 is away from the upsetting die mounting hole.
- One end is provided with a screw head mounting hole 999 which cooperates with the screw head 995.
- the diameter of the screw head mounting hole 999 is larger than the aperture of the receiving hole 998; the main mold base 991 is further provided with the receiving hole 998 and the main mold base.
- the top surface of the 991 has a groove 1000; the threaded hole 993 of the top rod guide sleeve 992 is screwed onto the external thread portion of the screw 995, and the screw 995 is non-rotatably mounted in the screw mounting hole 995, and the top rod guide sleeve 992
- the hex adjustment head 994 is in communication with the recess 1000 of the main die holder 991.
- the structure can assemble the screw 995 and the top rod guide sleeve 992 outside the main mold base 991, and then fit together into the main mold base 991, so that the top rod guide sleeve 992 can be easily installed and disassembled; After the slot 1000, and at one end of the top bar guide sleeve 992, a hexagonal adjustment head 994 is provided. Therefore, before the top bar guide sleeve 992 is removed, the tool can be clamped to the hexagonal adjustment head 994 through the groove 1000. The rod guide sleeve 992 is adjusted, so that the adjustment of the top rod guide sleeve 992 is more convenient; the main mold base 991 is provided with a locking screw 1001 for locking the top rod guide sleeve 992.
- the movement of the top bar guide sleeve 992 can be restricted, so that the size of the upset blank can be accurately ensured and the yield of the molded part can be improved; the front end of the top bar 996 has a limit end, and the top bar 996 The rear end projects into the cutout 997 of the screw 995.
- the top rod driving device of the top material mechanism includes a mounting base 1022 protruding from the rear side of the body 1021, a slider 1023, a toggle mechanism, and a top material mechanism. Front and rear position adjustment mechanism.
- the mounting base 1022 is provided with a sliding slot 1024 for sliding the slider 1023 in the ejection direction of the top bar 1025.
- the sliding slot 1024 is provided with a hollow arm mechanism and communicates with the sliding slot 1024 and the bottom hole of the mounting base 1022.
- An adjustment space 1027 for providing movement of the front and rear position adjustment mechanism of the top material mechanism is provided on a side of the mounting base 1022 facing away from the body 1021.
- the toggle mechanism includes a top servo motor 1028, a cam 1029, a first link 1030 rotatably pivoted together at one end, a second link 1031, and a third link 1032.
- the slewing drive member is a first link 1030, a second link 1031, and a third link 1032.
- the front and rear position adjustment mechanism of the top material mechanism includes an adjustment seat 1033, an adjustment screw 1034, and a servo motor 1035.
- the slider 1023 is mounted on the sliding groove 1024 of the mounting base 1022 and is screwed to the top bar 1025 and pivotally connected to the other end of the first connecting rod 1030; the other end of the second connecting rod 1031 passes through the mounting base 1022
- the hole 1026 is pivotally connected to a cam 1029 mounted on the top servo motor 1028.
- the top servo motor 1028 is mounted on the bottom of the mounting base 1022.
- the other end of the third link 1032 is pivotally connected to the adjustment seat 1033.
- the adjusting screw 1034 is axially connected to the output shaft of the adjusting servo motor 1035 and is screwed with the threaded hole on the adjusting base 1033 in the direction in which the top rod 1025 is ejected.
- the adjusting seat 1033 is disposed in the adjusting space 1027, and the adjusting servo motor 1035 is installed and installed. Block 1022.
- the toggle mechanism drives the slider 1023 to reciprocate back and forth on the sliding slot 1024, thereby driving the top bar 1025 to perform the action of ejecting and resetting.
- the adjustment servo motor 1035 causes the adjustment seat 1033 to reciprocally displace in the ejection direction of the top bar 1025 by controlling the rotation of the adjustment screw 1034, thereby realizing the front and rear position adjustment of the top material mechanism.
- the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are all a trimming position, a delivery and upset position, four upset positions, and five punch seats respectively facing one of the delivery and upset positions and the four upset positions.
- It can also be a trimming position, a delivery and upsetting position, three upsetting positions, and four punch seats respectively facing one of the delivery and upsetting positions and the three upsets. Even more upsets can be used for more punch seats.
- These embodiments merely increase or decrease the number of upsets and die, which can be fully implemented according to embodiments of the present invention and will not be described in detail.
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Abstract
一种镦锻机及工作方法,包括机体(1,320,601,941,1021)、大滑块(2,356,602)、顶出装置(603)、大滑块驱动机构(604)、顶料机构(379,605)、顶料机构的前后位置调整机构、推料机构(606)、推料杆行程调节机构(607)及线材送料机构(608)、主模组件(4,609)、主模座导向装置、主模座驱动机构(610)、安装在大滑块上的冲模组件;在机体上依次设有剪料位(631)、递料及镦锻位(632)、一个以上的镦锻位(633,634,635,636);所述的线材送料机构置于剪料位,在所述的递料及镦锻位设有所述的推料机构、在所述的镦锻位均设有所述的顶料机构;主模座的剪料模安装孔在剪料位与递料及镦锻位之间来回滑动。该镦锻机能够实现模块化的主模组件,该镦锻机的工作方法便于更换、调节镦锻凹模,使镦锻机镦锻效率得到提高。
Description
本发明涉及一种镦锻机,特别是涉及一种以线材作为坯料的镦锻机。
传统的镦锻机,凹模组件的主模座被固定在对应的机体上,机械机构多,复杂,故障多,操作难;且这种结构的镦锻效率低、进料和出料都比较麻烦。
目前的一模两冲镦锻机的镦锻工序间的换位是由冲头的升降运动或摆动运动来实现,凹模是固定不动的。这种镦锻机,需要设置一套复杂结构的冲头升降运动或摆动运动驱动机构、剪料机构和夹料机构,造成整个镦锻机的结构复杂,冲头升降、剪料、镦锻、顶出之间的配合要求高,不易实现高稳定性镦锻和高速镦锻,调试特别麻烦,如在申请号为200910193907.3中公开的镦锻机。
对应传统的多模多冲多工位的镦锻机来说,其镦锻凹模对应冲模的平面是同一平面布置,多个镦锻凹模固定不动,多个冲头只有朝镦锻凹模一个方向移动进行镦段,由于镦锻凹模或冲头不会发生横向平移,只能利用夹钳移动来传递坯料,坯料在每个镦锻凹模里只被镦锻一次。
当然,也有将剪料模安装到主模座的镦锻机,如在申请号为95233324.4申请日为95.3.8的专利文献中公开了一种高速锻造成型机,该高速锻造成型机属于一种针、销或钉的制造设备。它包括固定在底座上的给料机构、传动机构、持料机构、冲头机构,其中的持料机构包括固定在底座上的转盘座以及安装在转盘座上的带有至少两个置料孔的转盘,转盘由与传动机构相连的间歇传动机构带动.转盘座上有较置料孔少一个并与之对应的顶杆孔,每一顶杆孔内各有一顶杆与传动机构带动的挡料杠杆配合。上述结构的高速锻造成型机去除了现有技术中的剪断等机构,使其机构简单,操作简便,而且降低了该设备的成本。但该锻造成型机属于凹模旋转式设备,因此,同一坯料在同一凹模内要实现多次镦锻,乃至最终完成也没有离开同一个凹模。而同一凹模的镦锻变形是有限的,因此,镦锻的质量欠佳,同时顶出也困难。
另外,在对坯料进行镦锻时,由于对制件规格长度要求的不同,因此,需要根据制件长度的要求进行调节,而现有的镦锻机,顶出机构的调节都是设置在机体上,即顶出机构的调节机构位于主模座以外,因此,必须是在镦锻机停止工作的前提下方能调节顶出机构,在这种情形下,镦锻机因不能工作而影响了镦锻的效率,而且对制件长度变化时顶出机构的调节非常的不方便。
与此同时,现有的镦锻机的凹模也是安装在机体上,当需要对凹模进行更换或调整时,也必须让镦锻机停止工作后才能进行,从而也影响了镦锻机的工作效率,对凹模的更换和调节也不方便。
另外,现有的镦锻机及工作方法,由于顶杆、顶杆导套和制件长度调节装置都是设置在机体上,镦锻不同规格的制件时,需要停机在机体上对多个凹模及其顶出系统、制件长度调节装置进行安装和调试,在拆卸、安装和调试时,需要停止镦锻机很长的工作时间,不利于镦锻机的工作效率;特别是需要经验丰富的操作人员在镦锻现场才能完成调机,无法实现远程控制,也无法实现制造厂家事先将主模组件调试好再卖给生产厂家。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种镦锻机的工作方法,该镦锻机的工作方法采用由主模座向冲头组件方向或者冲头组件向主模座方向送料,剪料部分、镦锻凹模部分和顶出调节部分集成于主模座内,从而实现模块化的一体主模组件,便于更换、调节镦锻凹模,不需要单独设置剪料机构,从而一方面简化了镦锻机的结构,另一方面大大提高镦锻机的镦锻效率。
一种镦锻机,包括机体、可来回滑动地安装在机体上的大滑块、安装在大滑块上的冲模组件及驱动大滑块来回滑动的大滑块驱动机构、主模组件、安装在机体上的顶料机构及线材送料机构;冲模组件包括冲模座;还包括安装在机体上的推料机构;
主模组件包括主模座、顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置;在主模座内设有一个以上镦锻凹模安装孔、仅一个贯穿主模座的剪料模安装孔;
在主模座内对应于镦锻凹模安装孔的位置设有容置孔,容置孔与镦锻凹模安装孔同轴,容置孔贯通镦锻凹模安装孔的底面和主模座,容置孔的孔径小于镦锻凹模安装孔的孔径;
在每个容置孔内安装有一个顶杆导套,顶杆导套被轴向限位在容置孔内;顶杆包括头部和杆部;在顶杆导套内设有与顶杆的杆部配合的导向孔;
在每个顶杆导套内安装有一个顶杆,顶杆的杆部可来回滑动地安装在顶杆导套的导向孔内,顶杆的头部被顶杆导套轴向限位在顶杆导套外且朝向主模组件安装孔,顶杆被顶杆导套轴向限位在容置孔内;制件长度调节装置设置在主模座上与顶杆导套上、用来调节顶杆导套在容置孔的轴向位置;
在机体上依次设有剪料位、递料及镦锻位、一个以上的镦锻位;
在剪料位,在机体上设有剪料套安装孔,线材送料机构置于剪料位;
在递料及镦锻位,设有推料机构;推料机构包括推料杆、推料杆导套、驱动推料杆在推料杆导套内来回直线运动地回转驱动件、驱动机构;在递料及镦锻位,在机体上设有推料杆导套安装通孔;推料杆导套安装在推料杆导套安装孔内、并固定在机体上,推料杆可来回直线运动地安装在推料杆导套内;
在镦锻位均设有顶料机构,顶杆与顶料机构配合;顶料机构包括顶棒、顶棒导套、驱动顶棒在顶棒导套内来回直线运动地回转驱动件、驱动机构;在镦锻位,在机体上均设有顶棒导套安装通孔;顶棒导套安装在顶棒导套安装通孔内、并固定在机体上,顶棒可来回直线运动地安装在顶棒导套内;推料机构的回转驱动件在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离大于顶料机构的回转驱动件在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离;
冲模座与大滑块固定;冲模座的个数比主模座上的镦锻凹模安装孔的个数多一个或相等,冲模座等距分布,冲模座的轴线共面,相邻两冲模座轴线间的距离等于镦锻凹模安装孔的轴线与剪料模安装孔的轴线间的距离;
镦锻机还包括固定在机体上的主模座导向装置,驱动主模座在主模座导向装置在垂直镦锻凹模安装孔轴线方向来回滑动的主模座驱动机构;主模座可来回滑动地安装在主模座导向装置上,主模座的剪料模安装孔在剪料位与递料及镦锻位之间来回滑动;
主模座上的剪料模安装孔置于剪料位,与一冲冲模座共轴的镦锻凹模安装孔置于递料及镦锻位;
主模座上的剪料模安装孔置于递料及镦锻位,与一冲冲模座共轴。
作为改进,机体包括机架;机架包括机架体和安装主模组件的机架座;在机架座上设有容置腔,主模座导向装置安装在容置腔内;在容置腔上设有安装主模组件的开口;主模座可在主模座导向装置上来回滑动地安装在机架座的容置腔内;被轴向限位的顶杆导套和顶杆完全容置在主模座的容置孔内;制件长度调节装置设置在主模座上;剪料套安装孔、推料杆导套安装通孔、一个以上的导料套安装通孔设置在机架体上并与容置腔连通,设有剪料套安装孔、推料杆导套安装通孔、一个以上的导料套安装通孔的机架体形成机架座的容置腔的一个侧壁或一个侧壁的一部分;主模座朝向顶料机构的一侧且置于机架体内的部分完全被机体抵挡。
主模座朝向顶料机构的一侧且置于机架体内的部分完全被机体抵挡,这样一方面冲模组件作用在主模组件上的镦锻力很大一部分传递到机体上,主模组件的主模座受力大大减少,因此能大大提高镦锻力;另一方面便于安装顶料机构的顶棒导套。由于主模座朝向顶料机构的一侧且置于机架体内的部分完全被机体抵挡,被轴向限位的顶杆导套和顶杆必须完全容置在主模座的容置孔内,这样在主模座来回滑动时才不会被顶杆、顶杆和制件长度调节装置抵挡。机架座的一侧或两侧凸出机架体。由于主模座需要在机架座的容置腔内来回滑动,机架包括机架体和机架座,机架座的一侧或两侧凸出机架体,第一可以减少机架体的宽度,从而大大减少机体的重量;第二可以增加主模座导向装置的长度,使主模座来回运动更平稳;第三便于安装主模座驱动机构。
作为改进,机体包括机架;机架包括机架体和安装主模组件的机架座;在机架座上设有容置腔,在容置腔的底面和两侧安装有主模座导轨,安装在容置腔的底面和两侧的主模座导轨形成主模座导向槽,主模座导向装置为主模座导向槽;在容置腔上设有安装主模组件的开口;主模组件还包括安装在主模座底面的两组以上滚轮装置;可来回滑动地置于主模座导轨上,主模座安装在机架座的容置腔内。
主模座相对机体来回滑动时,主模组件仅滚轮与导轨接触,这样大大减少主模组件在主模座导轨上来回滑动的摩擦力。滚轮或主模座导轨被磨损较多时,只需更换滚轮装置或调节滚轴相对滚轮装置的位置即可。
作为改进,大滑块还包括安装在大滑块底面的两组以上滚轮装置。大滑块相对机体来回滑动时,仅滚轮与机体接触,这样大大减少大滑块在机体上来回滑动的摩擦力,滚轮被磨损较多时,只需更换滚轮装置或调节滚轴相对滚轮装置的位置即可。
作为改进,制件长度调节装置设置在主模座内;顶杆导套内还设有与导向孔同轴的螺
纹孔,螺纹孔的孔径大于导向孔的孔径;顶杆导套的外周设有调节部;制件长度调节装置包括设有外螺纹部的螺杆、顶杆导套内的螺纹孔和外周的调节部;在螺杆上还设有与顶杆的杆部配合的轴向的避空孔,在主模座的容置孔远离镦锻凹模安装孔的一端设有与螺杆头配合的螺杆头安装孔,螺杆头安装孔的孔径大于容置孔的孔径;在主模座上还设有与容置孔连通并与主模座的顶面贯通的避空空间;顶杆导套的螺纹孔螺纹连接在螺杆的外螺纹部上,螺杆头不可转动地安装在螺杆头安装孔内,顶杆导套的调节部与主模座的避空空间连通。
通过调节顶杆导套,螺杆不动,顶杆导套相对螺杆运动,从而调节顶杆导套在主模座的容置孔内的轴向位置来满足制件长度规格变化的需要,这种结构的制件长度调节装置,通过手动调节顶杆导套在主模座的容置孔内的轴向位置,结构简单。
作为改进,制件长度调节装置设置在主模座内;在顶杆导套外周设有外螺纹部;制件长度调节装置包括第一蜗杆、第一蜗轮、设置在第一蜗轮内的内螺纹孔、设置在顶杆导套外周的外螺纹部、约束顶杆导套旋转的顶杆导套止转机构;在主模座上还设有与主模座上的容置孔连通并与主模座的一个侧面贯通的避空空间;第一蜗轮置于主模座的避空空间与容置孔连通的位置,第一蜗轮的内螺纹孔螺纹连接在顶杆导套的外螺纹部上,第一蜗杆安装在主模座的避空空间内与第一蜗轮啮合。
作为上述方案的改进,制件长度调节装置还包括第一伺服伺服电机,与第一蜗杆同轴固定的第一锥齿轮,与第一伺服电机输出轴固定的第二锥齿轮;第一锥齿轮和第二椎齿轮啮合伺服电机。
通过调节第一蜗杆带动第一蜗轮运动,再通过第一蜗轮的内螺纹孔与顶杆导套外螺纹部配合带动顶杆导套运动,由于顶杆导套被顶杆导套止转机构约束旋转,顶杆导套产生轴向运动,从而调节顶杆导套在主模座的容置孔内的轴向位置来满足制件长度规格变化的需要,这种结构的制件长度调节装置,一方面第一蜗杆可以凸出主模座,调节方便;另一方面第一蜗杆可以由伺服电机驱动,实现数控调节。
作为改进,推料机构包括推料杆行程调节机构。当采用伺服电机驱动顶棒时,需采用顶料机构的前后位置调整机构,满足制件长度变化的需要。由于剪料模内的坯料,如不在剪料模内停留坯料,则推料机构的顶出行程要大于主模座的厚度,要远远大于顶料机构的顶出行程。为了减少推料机构的顶出行程,需要在剪料模内停留一个以上的坯料,这样会导致推料机构的顶出行程随制件长度的变化而变化,为了满足顶出不同长度坯料的需要,需要设计推料杆行程调节机构。采用推料杆行程调节机构,大大减少了推料机构的顶出行程。
作为改进,顶料机构包括顶棒、顶棒导套、驱动顶棒在顶棒导套内来回直线运动的回转驱动件、驱动机构、当制件长度发生变化时调整顶棒前后位置的前后位置调整机构;在机体上设有顶棒导套安装通孔;顶棒导套安装在顶棒导套安装通孔内并固定在机体上,顶棒可来回直线运动地安装在顶棒导套内;驱动机构包括仅用来驱动回转驱动件回转运动的驱动伺服电机;回转驱动件与顶棒的端部安装在一起。
采用驱动伺服电机驱动回转驱动件,其动力源由驱动伺服电机提供,不需要来自与驱动曲轴相同的动力源,可以省去复杂的多级传动机构,还可以省去很多零件,因而结构简单、传动环节少,安装调试简单、快捷、方便,精度高,不需要非常有经验的工人在现场才能完成安装和调机。由于回转驱动件与顶棒的端部安装在一起,因而不需要顶棒复位机构。
由于转驱动件的最大行程总是相同,当制件长度发生变化时,如果无其它制件长度调整机构,必须调节顶棒的前后位置,因而需设有前后位置调整机构。
在对坯料进行镦锻时,制件长度的变化时,需要根据制件长度的要求调节顶棒的前后位置,如果前后位置调整机构也是用伺服电机控制,可不需停机直接在数控控制实现调机,在这种情形下,镦锻机因不会因调机停机而影响了镦锻的效率,而且不需要有经验的工人现场才能完成调机,可实现远程控制,也可实现自动化调机,还可实现自动换模和远程操控换模,大大降低对工人的要求。
作为上述方案的改进,顶料机构还包括顶棒驱动件、滑座;驱动伺服电机安装在滑座上;回转驱动件包括仅可转动地与滑座安装在一起、由驱动伺服电机驱动的偏心轮,偏心安装在偏心轮上的驱动轴;在顶棒驱动件上设有与驱动轴配合的滑孔;驱动轴伸入滑孔内;顶棒驱动件与顶棒的端部安装在一起,回转驱动件通过顶棒驱动件与顶棒安装在一起;在滑座和机体间设有相互配合地导向装置,前后位置调整机构通过调节滑座与顶棒导套之间的距离来调整顶棒的前后位置。
这种结构的顶料机构,通过固定在偏心轮偏离轴心位置的端面上的驱动轴驱动顶棒驱动件来回运动,由于顶棒和顶棒驱动件是安装在一起的,从而实现顶棒来回直线运动。由于省略了连杆机构,结构简单紧凑,特别是顶料机构的安装和调试特别简单,
大大降低对安装和调试设备的操作人员的要求。通过调滑座的前后位置来调顶棒的前后位置,结构简单。
上述结构容易实现一个顶棒对应一个顶棒驱动件、一个偏心轮、一个驱动伺服电机,顶棒可以不同步运动,从而实现异步顶出,这种结构的顶料机构,适用范围广,在制件长短规格变化较大时,也能实现顶出功能。
作为上述方案的改进,顶料机构的前后位置调整机构包括调整伺服电机,与调整伺服电机输出轴固定的螺杆,设置在滑座上的螺纹孔,与机体固定的调整伺服电机安装座;调整伺服电机安装在调整伺服电机安装座上,螺杆与调整伺服电机的输出轴固定并与滑座上的螺纹孔螺纹连接。通过螺杆与滑座螺纹连接,调节滑座的位置,来调节顶棒的位置,结构简单。
作为方案九的改进,顶料机构还包括顶棒驱动件;驱动伺服电机安装在机体上;回转驱动件包括仅可转动地与机体安装在一起、由驱动伺服电机驱动的偏心轮,偏心安装在偏心轮上的驱动轴;在顶棒驱动件上设有与驱动轴配合的滑孔;驱动轴伸入滑孔内;顶棒驱动件与顶棒的端部安装在一起,回转驱动件通过顶棒驱动件与顶棒安装在一起;顶料机构的前后位置调整机构包括调整伺服电机、蜗杆、蜗轮、安装座、设置在顶棒一端的外螺纹部、限制顶棒相对蜗轮旋转的止转机构;在安装座上设有与顶棒的外螺纹部配合的内螺纹孔,与内螺纹孔连通并同轴的蜗轮安装孔,与蜗轮安装孔连通的蜗杆安装孔;蜗杆安装孔的轴线垂直内螺纹孔的轴线;在蜗杆上设有内通孔;伺服电机安装在安装座上,蜗杆的一端与伺服电机的输出轴固定,另一端安装在安装座上;蜗轮安装在蜗轮安装孔内并被限位在安装座内与蜗杆啮合,顶棒的外螺纹部穿过安装座上的内螺纹孔伸入蜗轮的内通孔内。
上述结构所有的顶棒可用一个顶棒驱动件,使结构简单。通过蜗轮蜗杆结构直接调节顶棒的前后位置,调节方便。
作为改进,推料机构还包括枢接在机体外侧的杠杆;杠杆仅可转动的枢接在机体上,杠杆靠近枢接部的一端设有滑孔,在杠杆远离枢接部的一端设有驱动部,在推料杆导套上设有轴向导向孔和侧向导向孔,在推料杆上设有与杠杆的驱动部配合的驱动孔;推料杆安装在推料杆导套的轴向导向孔内,杠杆的驱动部穿过推料杆导套上的侧向导向孔伸入推料杆的驱动孔内;驱动机构包括与杠杆的滑孔配合的驱动轴,驱动轴可来回滑动地安装在杠杆的滑孔内。
驱动机构的驱动轴驱动杠杆运动,杠杆驱动推料杆在导套内来回运动,实现递料及镦锻位的坯料顶出和推料机构的复位运动。由于递料及镦锻位推料杆的顶出行程要远远大于镦锻位的推料杆的顶出行程,采用杠杆,利用杠杆的放大原理,使推料杆实际的顶出行程要远远大于驱动轴直接驱动推料杆运动的顶出行程。
作为改进,推料机构包括驱动件、推料组件;、推料组件包括推料导套、推料杆、弹簧导套、弹簧、螺母件;推料导套的一端径向凸设一个圆凸环,推料导套的轴心位置设有中心通孔,在中心通孔的孔壁径向凸设五个周向均布、轴向延伸的、花键形的导向槽,五个导向槽的端部围成一个导向孔;
推料杆为阶梯轴,其依次包括推料小轴、推料大轴、推料中轴,在推料大轴的外周周向均布五条轴向的与导向槽配合的导向部,在推料中轴背离推料大轴的一端设有外螺纹部,推料小轴的外周与推料导套的导向孔配合;
弹簧导套的轴心位置设有与推料中轴配合的通孔,在弹簧导套的外周中部凸设一个轴肩,在弹簧导套的一端设有与通孔同轴用于容置弹簧的沉孔;
在递料及镦锻位,在机体上设有与推料导套的外周配合的的推料导套容置孔;推料杆的推料小轴从推料导套的圆凸环一侧穿入导向孔,推料大轴的导向部对应插入推料导套的导向槽中,推料导套安装在推料导套容置孔中;弹簧的一端安装在推料导套的沉孔内并凸出沉孔;推料杆的推料中轴的外螺纹部依次穿过弹簧导套的通孔、弹簧、与螺母件螺纹连接,弹簧一端被沉孔的底面抵挡,另一端被螺母件抵挡。
作为改进,主模座包括第一主模座和镶块式的第二主模座;镦锻凹模安装孔、剪料模安装孔、与镦锻凹模安装孔连通的容置孔均设置在第二主模座上;顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置安装在第二主模座上;在第一主模座上凹设有安装槽,安装槽贯穿第一主模座的两侧,第二主模座安装在第一主模座的安装槽内,镦锻凹模安装孔的轴线方向与安装槽的方向一致;主模座驱动机构部分设置在第一主模座上。
将镦锻凹模安装孔、剪料模安装孔、与镦锻凹模安装孔连通的容置孔均设置在第二主模座上;顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置安装在第二主模座上,这样可以将顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置、第二主模座、镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模形成一个主模模块。镦锻不同规格的制件时,将主模模块整体置换下来,将调试好的模块置换上去,大大缩短换模时间,提高工作效率;特别是还可以不需要在机体上
调机,甚至可以在工厂或工厂之外等地点由有经验的操作工人将主模组件调试好,在工厂现场只需要会动手的普通人员进行安装就可以,更换方便,这样可以大大降低镦锻机现场操作人员的要求,对应现有的一熟练技术工人难求的现状,这种镦锻机具有很大的优势。主模座包括第一主模座和镶块式的第二主模座,镦锻不同规格的制件时,将主模模块整体置换下来,第一主模座不需置换,大大减少主模模块的重量,便于主模模块的安装、拆卸及运输,将主模模块的各个构件安装在一起也更方便。
作为改进,主模组件还包括镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模;主模座为一体式结构;顶针包括头部和杆部,在镦锻凹模上设有制件容置孔和与顶针的杆部配合的导向孔;顶针的头部置于主模座的容置孔内,顶针的杆部伸入镦锻凹模的导向孔了,镦锻凹模安装在镦锻凹模安装孔内,剪料模安装在剪料模安装孔内;一个镦锻凹模安装孔对应一个镦锻凹模、一个顶针;顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置、主模座、镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模形成一个主模模块。
主模座为一体式结构,这种结构的主模组件的结构简单,成本较低,但只适用于小型的镦锻机。
作为改进,镦锻机还包括包括两端支撑在机体上的曲轴;大滑块驱动机构第一小滑块和第二小滑块;第一小滑块和第二小滑块合抱在曲轴的偏心轴上,曲轴的偏心轴与第一小滑块和第二小滑块仅可转动地安装在一起;第一小滑块和第二小滑块固定在一起;大滑块包括滑块大镶件和滑块小镶件;在滑块大镶件上设有滑槽;在滑槽的两侧均设有第一导向平面;滑块小镶件固定在滑块大镶件上并封闭滑块大镶件上的滑槽;固定在一起的第一小滑块和第二小滑块仅可在第一导向平面上来回滑动地安装在滑块大镶件的滑槽内。
通过曲轴旋转带动第一小滑块和第二小滑块在滑孔内仅往复运动,第一小滑块和第二小滑块带动往复直线运动件做往复直线运动。该大滑块驱动机构由于省略了连杆机构,直接用合抱在曲轴的偏心轴上的第一小滑块和第二小滑块驱动,结构简单紧凑,大大提高镦锻机的整体精度、刚性及镦锻力。特别是省略了连杆机构,大大减少了故障,减少了传统的连杆机构的间隙积累,提高了镦锻精度和镦锻耐磨度,镦锻机的安装和调试特别简单。
作为改进,线材送料机构包括固定座,在安装第二送料齿轮的第一从动轴上枢接有摆动件;在摆动件与固定座之间设有压合装置;压合装置包括安装固定在机体上的气缸及气缸推杆,气缸推杆的一端设有径向的长圆形孔,长圆形孔的长度方向与气缸推杆端面平行,气缸推杆设有长圆形孔的一端通过连接轴与摆动件铰接连接,另一端与气缸的驱动轴连接;气缸推杆的作用力作用在摆动件上。
作为方案一至方案十八的共同改进,主模座驱动机构包括驱动拖板、驱动拖板驱动装置;在主模座上设有驱动拖板滑槽,驱动拖板滑槽与主模座运动方向垂直;驱动拖板可来回滑动地安装在在主模座的驱动拖板滑槽内;在驱动拖板上设有驱动槽,在主模座的驱动拖板滑槽位置固定有伸入或穿过驱动槽的驱动杆、可转动地安装在驱动杆上的驱动滚轮;驱动槽为弧形过渡的阶梯形,包括相互平行的第一平行部和第二平行部,连接第一平行部和第二平行部的连接部,第一平行部与主模座运动方向垂直,第一平行部与第二平行部相邻的两个平行侧面之间的最短距离与驱动滚轮的直径之和等于镦锻凹模安装孔的轴线与剪料模安装孔的轴线间的距离;驱动杆包括头部和杆部,驱动滚轮安装在驱动杆的杆部外,驱动杆的杆部穿过驱动拖板的驱动槽安装在主模座上,驱动杆的头部的直径大于驱动槽的宽度;驱动滚轮与驱动槽配合且可来回滑动地置于驱动槽内。
主模座采用驱动拖板驱动,驱动杆驱动驱动拖板、驱动拖板驱动主模座来回滑动,不需要采用伺服电机,也不需要伺服电机正转和反转,通过驱动槽的结构来控制主模座来回运动的距离和与冲模组件的运动关系,保持传动关系的稳定可靠,降低成本。驱动杆包括头部和杆部,在剧烈震动的情况下,总能保持驱动滚轮置于驱动槽内,使驱动拖板的运动可靠,从而使主模座的运动可靠。
作为方案一至方案十八的共同改进,主模座驱动机构包括伺服电机、设有驱动轴的驱动件、驱动滑件;驱动件安装在伺服电机的输出轴上,驱动轴的轴心偏离伺服电机输出轴的轴心;在主模座上设有驱动滑件滑孔;驱动滑件仅可转动地安装在驱动件的驱动轴上;驱动滑件可来回滑动地安装在驱动块滑孔内。
通过伺服电机驱动驱动件旋转,驱动件的驱动轴驱动驱动滑件在驱动滑件滑孔内滑动,驱动滑件驱动主模座来回滑动。该主模座驱动机构由于省略了连杆机构,直接用驱动件和驱动滑件驱动主模座,结构简单紧凑,大大提高主模座来回运动的精度。特别是省略了连杆机构,大大减少了驱动机构的故障率,提高了驱动可靠性,主模组件及主模组件驱动机构的安装和调试特别简单,大大降低对安装和调试设备
的操作人员的要求。
作为方案一至方案十八的共同改进,主模座驱动机构包括设有驱动轴的主模驱动件及主模驱动肘杆机构;主模驱动肘杆结构包括第一连杆、第二连杆和第三连杆;驱动轴的轴心偏离安装主模驱动件的安装轴的轴心;主模驱动件仅可转动地安装在机体上;第一连杆的一端与驱动轴仅可转动地安装在一起,第一连杆的另一端与第二连杆的一端、第三连杆的一端枢接在一起;第二连杆的另一端枢接在与机体固定的枢接轴上;第三连杆的另一端枢接在主模座上。
作为方案一至方案十八的共同改进,主模座驱动机构包括伺服电机、连杆、设有驱动轴的驱动件;驱动件安装在伺服电机的输出轴上;驱动轴的轴心偏离伺服电机输出轴的轴心;在主模座上设有连杆枢接轴;连杆一端可转动地安装在驱动件的驱动轴上,连杆的另一端仅可转动地安装在主模座的连杆枢接轴上。
通过伺服电机驱动驱动件旋转,驱动件的驱动轴驱动连杆运动,连杆驱动主模座在设置机体上的导向装置来回滑动。该主模座驱动机构采用连杆机构,可以增大主模座来回滑动的行程。
作为方案一至方案十七的共同改进,线材送料机构包括置于机体外侧的送料滑块装置、驱动送料滑块装置沿进料方向来回直线运动的送料驱动机构、设置在机体与送料滑块装置间的导向装置、气缸、相互配合用来夹持线材的上夹持件和下夹持件;送料驱动机构包括仅用来驱动送料滑块装置沿进料方向来回直线运动的旋转型普通的送料伺服电机;在下夹持件上设有对线材周向限位的限位槽,限位槽沿线材进料方向设置;送料滑块装置的导向装置可沿线材进料方向来回滑动地安装在机体的导向装置上;在送料滑块装置上设有容置上夹持件和下夹持件的容置腔,容置腔沿线材进料方向的两侧开口;下夹持件置于容置腔的底面,气缸安装在容置腔的顶面,气缸的活塞杆穿过容置腔的顶壁与上夹持件固定,上夹持件与下夹持件正对。
送料滑块装置采用独自的旋转型普通送料伺服电机驱动,大大减少传动环节,不仅传动可靠,传动精度高,特别是线材的输送长度不需要其它机构控制,线材的长度由送料伺服电机直接来控制,精度高,使得线材的输送长度精确,因此,制件的成型质量好;特别是用送料伺服电机,可以自动调节送料的长度,也就是坯料的长度;还有,当所需坯料的长度改变时,不需人工重新调机,通过参数设定就可完成数控自动调机,不但对操作工人的要求低,同时还大大提高效率。本发明相对于直线送料伺服电机,成本低。
送料驱动机构仅可转动地与机体安装在一起、由送料伺服电机驱动的驱动件,偏心固定在驱动件上的驱动轴;在送料滑块装置上设有与驱动轴配合、竖直方向的滑孔;驱动轴伸入滑孔内。送料伺服电机驱动驱动件旋转,驱动件的驱动轴伸入送料滑块装置的滑孔内直接驱动送料滑块装置,省略了连杆,结构简单紧凑,线材送料机构的安装和调试简单,大大降低工人要求和提高设备精确性,大大减少了驱动机构的故障率,提高了驱动可靠性。
作为方案一至方案十八的共同改进,上顶出装置包括固定在传动轴上的摆杆驱动凸轮,摆杆,安装在摆杆上、与摆杆驱动凸轮配合的摆杆滚轮、安装在机体上并安装在摆杆中间位置并的摆杆轴、摆臂组件;摆杆驱动凸轮的内孔为内齿轮形孔,传动轴与摆杆驱动凸轮的内孔配合的部分为外齿轮形;摆杆远离摆杆滚轮的一端可与摆臂组件顶接。
作为方案一至方案十八的共同改进,镦锻机还包括夹钳机构;在递料及镦锻位上和/或一个以上的镦锻位上设有夹钳机构;单个夹钳机构包括左钳体和右钳体,驱动左钳体和右钳体张合运动的夹钳驱动机构。
采用夹钳机构,当剪料模运动到递料及镦锻位,在递料及镦锻位上和/或一个以上的镦锻位上,对一些将坯料或制件顶入到冲模中递料不可靠或因制件成型需要无法将将坯料或制件顶入到冲模中递料等情况,采用夹钳机构,可以用夹钳夹持坯料或制件,优点是不受制件形状的影响,夹钳夹持坯料或制件递料可靠,可以简化冲模组件的结构,镦锻机的适用范围广。
一种镦锻机的工作方法,在每个冲模座内均安装有一个冲模;主模组件还包括镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模;顶针包括头部和杆部,在镦锻凹模上设有制件容置孔和与顶针的杆部配合的导向孔;顶针的头部置于主模座的容置孔内,顶针的杆部伸入镦锻凹模的导向孔了,镦锻凹模安装在镦锻凹模安装孔内,剪料模安装在剪料模安装孔内;一个镦锻凹模安装孔对应一个镦锻凹模、一个顶针;
镦锻机的工作方法包括以下步骤:
(1)主模座内的剪料模置于剪料位,对应剪料位的线材经线材送料机构送入到主模座内的
剪料模内;大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,安装在大滑块上的冲模组件朝向主模组件运动,递料及镦锻位的冲模将该冲模内的坯料、镦锻位的其它冲模将其制件冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模内并进行镦锻;镦锻完成后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块复位,即安装在大滑块上的冲模组件远离主模组件方向运动,制件留在相应的镦锻凹模内;
(2)主模座驱动机构驱动主模组件滑动,主模座内的剪料模在从剪料位向递料及镦锻位滑动的过程中,安装在主模座内的剪料模将线材剪断实现全圆剪料,被剪断的线材形成镦锻制件所需的坯料;剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位,坯料随主模座内的剪料模一起运动到递料及镦锻位;镦锻凹模内的制件随主模座一起运动到下一个镦锻位;
(3)剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位主模座停止滑动后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,镦锻位的冲模对与其共轴的镦锻位的镦锻凹模内制件进行镦锻;
镦锻完成后,大滑块朝向远离主模组件的方向运动过程中,最外侧的镦锻位的顶料机构的顶棒顶主模组件的顶杆、顶杆顶顶针将镦锻位的镦锻凹模内的制件成品顶出;其它镦锻位的顶料机构的顶棒顶主模组件的顶杆、顶杆顶顶针将与其对应的镦锻位的镦锻凹模内的制件顶入与其共轴的冲模内并脱离镦锻凹模;推料机构的推料杆将坯料送入到与其共轴的冲模内并脱离剪料模;
步骤(1)至步骤(3)反复循环。
一种镦锻机的工作方法,在每个冲模座内均安装有一个冲模;冲模组件还包括一个以上的冲模;主模组件还包括镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模;顶针包括头部和杆部,在镦锻凹模上设有制件容置孔和与顶针的杆部配合的导向孔;顶针的头部置于主模座的容置孔内,顶针的杆部伸入镦锻凹模的导向孔了,镦锻凹模安装在镦锻凹模安装孔内,剪料模安装在剪料模安装孔内;一个镦锻凹模安装孔对应一个镦锻凹模、一个顶针;镦锻机还包括用来夹持制件的夹钳机构;在递料及镦锻位一个以上的位置设有夹钳机构;夹钳机构包括左甜体和右钳体,驱动左钳体和右钳体张合运动地夹钳驱动机构;
镦锻机的工作方法包括以下步骤:
(1)主模座内的剪料模置于剪料位,对应剪料位的线材经线材送料机构送入到主模座内的剪料模内;
大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,安装在大滑块上的冲模组件朝向主模组件运动,递料及镦锻位的冲模将被夹钳机构夹持住的坯料冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模内的过程中夹钳张开,夹钳张开后递料及镦锻位的冲模继续对顶入镦锻凹模内的坯料进行镦锻;其它镦锻位的冲模将被夹钳机构夹持住的制件冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模内的过程中夹钳张开,夹钳张开后其它镦锻位的冲模继续对顶入镦锻凹模内的制件进行镦锻;
镦锻完成后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块复位,即安装在大滑块上的冲模组件远离主模组件方向运动,制件留在相应的镦锻凹模内;
(2)主模座驱动机构驱动主模组件滑动,主模座内的剪料模在从剪料位向递料及镦锻位滑动的过程中,安装在主模座内的剪料模将线材剪断实现全圆剪料,被剪断的线材形成镦锻制件所需的坯料;剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位,坯料随主模座内的剪料模一起运动到递料及镦锻位;镦锻凹模内的制件随主模座一起运动到下一个镦锻位;
(3)剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位主模座停止滑动后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,镦锻位的冲模对与其共轴的镦锻位的镦锻凹模内制件进行镦锻;
镦锻完成后,大滑块开始朝向远离主模组件的方向运动过程中,最外侧的镦锻位的顶料机构的顶棒顶主模组件的顶杆、顶杆顶顶针将镦锻位的镦锻凹模内的制件成品顶出;其它镦锻位的顶料机构顶料过程中,该镦锻位上的夹钳闭合夹持制件且制件脱离镦锻凹模;推料机构的顶料过程中,递料及镦锻位的夹钳闭合夹持坯料且坯料脱离剪料模;
步骤(1)至步骤(3)反复循环。
本发明的有益效果是,本发明的镦锻机及其工作方法中,由于顶针、顶杆、顶杆导套和制件长度调节装置都是设置在主模座上构成主模组件,操作工人可以在镦锻机外将主模组件的各个零件安装好形成一个模块;当需要更换剪料模、镦锻凹模、顶针时,只要将主模组件整体从机体上取出,然后直接更换事先准备好的另外的主模组件即可实现镦锻机上的凹模组件的更换。镦锻机的停机更换和调整只需花费很少的时间,提高了镦锻机的工作效率。更为重要的是,采用对主模组件中的制件长度调节装置的调整就可以完成顶杆工作行程的调整,减少具体生产人员对镦锻机的顶料机构的调整工作,降低了对生产人员的技术素质要求,提高了镦锻机的生产效率和降低了产品生产的难度,有效地降低了生产性成本。另外,当主模组件被取出后,在机体以外即可对剪料模、镦锻凹模进行调整以及通过主模座内的制件长度调节装置实现对顶杆行程的调整,因此,工作空间不会被镦锻机所限制,操作起来更加的方便和快捷。
在本发明中,平移式主模组件的主模座内的镦锻凹模可以是剪料模与多个镦锻凹模配合的形式。采用一个剪料模和一个镦锻凹模、并且是从冲头组件向主模座方向进料形式的镦锻机就具备了现有的二模三冲镦锻机的功能。一个剪料模和一个镦锻凹模、并且是从主模座向冲头组件方向进料形式的镦锻机具备了现有的一模二冲机功能。本发明减少了因现有的多个冲头需要上下升降而设置的故障率高、调整和操作很难的冲头升降机构,还减少独立的剪料机构和夹料递胚机构。采用平式主模组件,镦锻凹模内的每个制件可以被锻打两次,大大降低模具成本。
图1是实施例1去掉上顶出装置(PKO装置)的镦锻机的立体示意图。
图2是图1的右俯示意图。
图3是图2的A-A剖视示意图。
图4是实施例1的镦锻机部分结构的立体分解示意图。
图5是实施例1的镦锻机的立体分解示意图。
图6是实施例1的镦锻机的部分立体示意图。
图7是图1的俯视示意图。
图8是图7的B-B剖视示意图。
图9是实施例1的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构的立体示意图。
图10是实施例1的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构的立体分解示意图。
图11是实施例1的主模组件及主模座驱动机构的立体示意图。
图12是实施例1的主模组件及主模座驱动机构的立体分解示意图。
图13是实施例1的剪料模运动到剪料位置驱动主模座驱动机构的驱动块与驱动滚轮的俯视示意图。
图14是实施例1的剪料模运动到递料及镦锻位置驱动主模座驱动机构的驱动块与驱动滚轮的俯视示意图。
图15是实施例1的主模组件部分结构的立体分解示意图。
图16是实施例1的主模组件部分结构的立体示意图。
图17是实施例1的主模组件部分结构及其它结构的立体分解示意图。
图18是实施例1的主模组件及其它结构的立体示意图。
图19是实施例1的主模组件部分结构及其它结构的分解示意图。
图20是实施例1的镦锻机的部分结构的立体示意图。
图21是实施例1的镦锻机的部分结构的部分立体分解示意图。
图22实施例2的镦锻机的立体分解示意图。
图23是实施例2的镦锻机的部分立体示意图。
图24是实施例2的顶料机构的立体分解示意图。
图25是实施例2的顶料机构的前后位置调整机构的立体分解示意图。
图26是实施例2剪料模置于递料及镦锻位的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构、冲模组件、主模组件及主模座驱动机构的立体示意图。
图27是实施例2剪料模置于剪料位的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构、冲模组件、主模组件及主模座驱动机构的另一方向立体示意图。
图28是实施例2的镦锻机的部分立体示意图。
图29是实施例2的夹钳机构及夹钳座的立体示意图。
图30是实施例2的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构的立体分解示意图。
图31是实施例2的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构的立体示意图。
图32为实施例3的镦锻机的立体示意图。
图33为实施例3的镦锻机的立体分解示意图。
图34为实施例3的主模组件及主模座驱动机构的立体分解示意图。
图35为实施例3的主模组件及主模座驱动机构的立体示意图。
图36为实施例3的镦锻机的另一方向立体示意图。
图37为实施例3的夹钳和夹钳座的立体示意图。
图38为实施例3的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构的立体示意图。
图39为实施例3的大滑块及大滑块驱动机构的另一方向立体示意图。
图40为实施例3的大滑块及部分大滑块驱动机构的立体分解示意图。
图41为实施例4的主模组件及冲模组件的立体分解示意图。
图42为实施例4在未夹料状态过三冲冲模的轴线的竖直面剖切的主模组件及冲模组件的剖视
示意图。
图43为图42的I部放大示意图。
图44为实施例4在夹料状态过三冲冲模的轴线的竖直面剖切的主模组件及冲模组件的剖视示意图。
图45为图44的II部放大示意图。
图46为实施例5的镦锻机的立体图示意图。
图47为实施例5的镦锻机的大滑块、冲模组件、上顶出装置及部分驱动机构的立体图示意图。
图48为图46的前侧正视图。
图49为图48的C-C剖视示意图。
图50为实施例5的镦锻机的分解示意图。
图51为实施例5的线材送料机构去掉安装座与摆动件的立体示意图。
图52为图51的III区域的放大示意图。
图53为图48的D-D剖视示意图。
图54为实施例5的大滑块的立体示意图。
图55为实施例5的顶出机构的摆臂组件的立体示意图。
图56为图53的IV区域的放大示意图。
图57为实施例5的主模座的立体示意图。
图58为实施例5的主模座及其驱动机构、大滑块及其驱动机构、上顶出及其驱动机构等的立体示意图。
图59为图49的E-E剖视示意图。
图60为实施例5的静剪切模位置微调装置的立体分解示意图。
图61为实施例5的静剪切模位置微调装置与部分镦锻机的立体示意图。
图62为图49的V区域的放大示意图。
图63为实施例5的顶料机构与推料机构立体分解示意图。
图64为图63的VI区域的局部放大图。
图65为图63的VII区域的局部放大图。
图66为实施例5的顶料机构、推料机构、主模组件及其驱动机构的立体示意图。
图67为实施例6的制件长度调节装置及部分镦锻机的立体示意图。
图68为实施例7的推料杆行程调节机构及部分镦锻机的立体示意图。
图69为实施例7的推料杆行程调节机构的立体分解示意图。
图70为实施例8的镦锻机的立体示意图。
图71为实施例8的镦锻机去掉机体的立体示意图。
图72为实施例8的过驱动凸轮截面的剖视示意图。
图73为实施例9的制件长度调节装置的立体分解示意图。
图74为实施例9的制件长度调节装置的过螺杆轴线的剖面示意图。
图75为实施例10的顶棒驱动装置的立体分解示意图。
图76为实施例10的顶棒驱动装置的过顶棒轴线的剖面示意图。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1所示,镦锻机包括机体1、可来回滑动地安装在机体1上的安装在机体1上的大滑块2,安装在大滑块2上的冲头组件3、驱动大滑块2来回滑动的的大滑块驱动机构、安装在机体1上的顶料机构、顶料机构的前后位置调整机构、推料机构、推料机构前后位置调整机构及线材送料机构、主模组件4、设置在机体1上的主模座导向装置、驱动主模组件4来回滑动的主模座驱动机构。
如图1至图4所示,机体1包括机架5、盖板6、盖板7。机架5包括机架体8和用来安装主模组件4的机架座9。机架座9包括机座本体10及端板11。在机座本体10上设有用来安装主模组件4的容置腔12,容置腔12的一端部具有开口13,端板11固定在位于开口13处的机座本体10上。机架座9两端凸出机架体8。
如图3所示在机体1上依次设有剪料位14、递料及镦锻位15、镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19。线材送料机构置于剪料位14,在递料及镦锻位15上设有推料机构,在镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19上均设有顶料机构。
如图5、图6所示,线材送料机构还包括送料滑块装置、驱动送料滑块装置沿进料方向来回直线运动的送料驱动机构,安装在机体1外侧和送料滑块装置间的导向装置、气缸20、
相互配合用来夹持线材的上夹持件22和下夹持件23。送料驱动机构包括旋转型的送料伺服电机24、固定有驱动轴25的驱动盘26。
在机体1外侧凸设有电机固定部27和与电机固定部27正对的导向装置固定部28。电机固定部27包括竖直块29、设置在竖直块29上的水平的上凸块30和下凸块31。导向装置固定部28包括水平部32和连接水平部32和机体1的连接部33。送料伺服电机24固定在上凸块30和下凸块31间。
导向装置包括直线导轨34和与直线导轨34配合的导轨滑座36。送料滑块装置包括送料座35和门框形的气缸座21。直线导轨34固定在导向装置固定部28的水平部32的底面,导轨滑座36安装在直线导轨34上并被直线导轨34支撑。送料座35包括相互平行的下安装部37、上安装部38,和连接下安装部37和上安装部38的垂直部39。送料座35的下安装部37固定在导轨滑座36的底面;气缸座21固定在送料座35的上安装部38的顶面,送料座35的上安装部38与气缸座21形成沿线材进料方向的两侧开口的方框形容置腔175,下夹持件23固定在送料座35的上安装部38的顶面,气缸20固定在气缸座21的顶面,气缸20的活塞杆40穿过气缸座21即容置腔175的顶壁与上夹持件22固定,上夹持件22与下夹持件23正对。直线导轨34和导轨滑座36可以采用标准件,导向可靠精确,大大提高送料精度。直线导轨34朝下固定在机体1外侧,不易占灰尘。
送料伺服电机24的输出轴41穿过电机固定部27的竖直块29与驱动盘26同轴固定;驱动轴25安装在驱动盘26背离送料伺服电机24的端面上。驱动轴25的轴心偏离送料伺服电机24输出轴41的轴心。在送料座35的垂直部39上设有与驱动轴25配合、竖直方向的滑孔42;驱动轴25伸入滑孔42内。送料伺服电机24驱动驱动盘26旋转,驱动盘26的驱动轴25伸入送料座35的滑孔42内直接驱动送料滑块装置,省略了连杆,结构简单紧凑,线材送料机构的安装和调试简单,大大降低工人要求和提高设备精确性,大大减少了驱动机构的故障率,提高了驱动可靠性。采用驱动盘26和驱动轴25的结构,驱动盘26和驱动轴25均容易加工,因此制造成本低。
送料滑块装置的导轨滑座36可沿线材进料方向来回滑动地安装在直线导轨34上。下夹持件23和气缸座21固定在送料座35的顶面,上夹持件22置于气缸座21的正下方,气缸20固定在气缸座21的顶面,气缸20的活塞杆40穿过气缸座21与上夹持件22固定。
送料滑块装置采用旋转型普通送料伺服电机24驱动,不仅传动可靠,传动精度高,同时采用气动结构驱动上夹持件22,使线材的输送非常可靠,特别是线材的输送长度不需要其它机构控制,线材的长度由送料伺服电机24直接来控制,精度高,使得线材的输送长度精确,因此,制件的成型质量好;特别是用送料伺服电机24,可以自动调节送料的长度,也就是坯料的长度;还有,当所需坯料的长度改变时,不需人工重新调机,通过参数设定就可完成数控自动调机,不但对操作工人的要求低,同时还大大提高效率。本发明相对于直线伺服电机,成本低。
如图3所示,冲头组件3包括安装在大滑块2上的一冲冲模座43、二冲冲模座44、三冲冲模座45、四冲冲模座46、末冲冲模座47,及安装在一冲冲模座43内的一冲冲模48、安装在二冲冲模座44内的二冲冲模49、安装在三冲冲模座45内的三冲冲模50、安装在四冲冲模座46内的四冲冲模51、安装在末冲冲模座47内的末冲冲模52。
如图4、图7至图10所示,大滑块驱动机构包括两端支撑在机体1上的曲轴53、轴套54、轴套55、第一小滑块56和第二小滑块57。
曲轴53包括第一中心轴58,与第一中心轴58同轴的第二中心轴59,设置在第一中心轴58和第二中心轴59之间的圆盘60、圆盘61,以及设置在两个圆盘60、圆盘61之间的偏心轴62;圆盘60、圆盘61的轴心偏离第一中心轴58的轴心和偏心轴62的轴心,第一中心轴58、第二中心轴59、圆盘60、圆盘61和偏心轴62一体锻造而成。本发明曲轴53的强度高,延长了曲轴53的使用寿命,而且保证了曲轴53的位置精度。
在机体1的一侧设有轴套安装孔63,在机体1的另一侧设有轴套安装孔64。曲轴53的一端安装在轴套安装孔63内,另一端安装在轴套安装孔64内。轴套54从机体1外侧安装在曲轴53的第一中心轴58外,轴套55从机体1另一侧的外侧安装在曲轴53的第二中心轴59。大滑块驱动机构还包括伺服电机65,伺服电机65安装在机体1外侧,伺服电机65的输出轴66与穿过轴套54的曲轴53一端的第一中心轴58安装在一起。
大滑块2包括滑块大镶件67和滑块小镶件68。在滑块大镶件67上设有贯通滑块大镶件67两侧、开口朝下的凹槽69,在滑块大镶件67朝向主模组件4的一侧设有安装冲模组件2的冲模组件容置槽70。在凹槽69两侧的侧壁上设有凹陷部71、凹陷部72,在凹陷部71上固定有导向镶件73,在凹陷部72上固定有导向镶件74。大滑块2的凹槽69、导向镶件73、导向镶件74形成滑槽75。导向镶件73朝向导向镶件74的面形成第一导向平面76,导向镶
件74朝向导向镶件73的面形成第二导向平面77。在滑块大镶件67朝向滑块小镶件68的面上设有定位槽78。在滑块小镶件68上设有与滑块大镶件67的滑槽75配合的凹槽79,在滑块小镶件68朝向滑块大镶件67的面上设有定位凸条80。
在第一小滑块56上设有与曲轴53的偏心轴62配合的半圆柱形曲面的凹槽81,在第一小滑块56相对第二小滑块57的面上设有定位槽82。在第二小滑块57上设有与曲轴53的偏心轴62配合的半圆柱形曲面的凹槽83,在第二小滑块57相对第一小滑块56的面上设有定位凸条84。第一小滑块56的凹槽81和第二小滑块57的凹槽83合抱在曲轴53的偏心轴62上,第二小滑块57的定位凸条84伸入到第一小滑块56的定位槽82内,第一小滑块56和第二小滑块57固定在一起;曲轴53的偏心轴62与第一小滑块56和第二小滑块57仅可转动地安装在一起。
滑块小镶件68上的定位凸条80伸入大滑块2的定位槽78内,滑块小镶件68固定在滑块大镶件67上,滑块大镶件67上的滑槽75与滑块小镶件68上的凹槽79形成闭合的滑孔85。
固定在一起的第一小滑块56和第二小滑块57仅可来回滑动地安装在滑块大镶件67的滑孔85内,第一小滑块56在第一导向平面76上来回滑动,第二小滑块57在第一导向平面77上来回滑动。
如图3所示,主模组件4包括主模座86、顶杆87、顶杆导套88及制件长度调节装置、四个镦锻凹模89、顶针90、剪料模91。
如图3、图4所示,主模座86包括第一主模座92和镶块式的第二主模座93;在第一主模座92上凹设有安装槽94,安装槽94贯穿第一主模座92的两侧,第二主模座93安装在第一主模座92的安装槽94内。
在第二主模座93内设有四个镦锻凹模安装孔95、一个贯穿主模座86的剪料模安装孔96。在主模座86内对应于每个镦锻凹模安装孔95均设有容置孔97,容置孔97与镦锻凹模安装孔95同轴,容置孔97贯通镦锻凹模安装孔95的底面和主模座86,容置孔97的孔径小于镦锻凹模安装孔95的孔径。顶杆87包括头部98和杆部99;在顶杆导套88内设有与顶杆87的杆部99配合的导向孔100。镦锻凹模安装孔95的轴线方向与安装槽94的方向一致。
如图3、图11至图19所示,制件长度调节装置设置在主模座86内。在顶杆导套88外周设有外螺纹部101;制件长度调节装置包括第一伺服电机102、第一蜗杆103、第一蜗轮104、与第一蜗杆103同轴固定的第一锥齿轮105、与第一伺服电机102输出轴固定的第二锥齿轮106、设置在第一蜗轮104内的内螺纹孔107、设置在顶杆导套88外周的外螺纹部101、约束顶杆导套88旋转的顶杆导套止转机构。在主模座86上还设有与主模座86上的容置孔97连通并与主模座86的一个侧面贯通的避空空间108。对应每个容置孔97,将第一蜗轮104从安装第一伺服电机102的一侧置于主模座86的避空空间108与容置孔97连通的位置,再在每个容置孔97内安装有一个顶杆导套88,顶杆导套88的外螺纹部101与第一蜗轮104的内螺纹孔107螺纹连接。顶杆导套88因与第一蜗轮104螺纹连接被轴向限位并完全容置在主模座86的容置孔97内。第一蜗杆103安装在主模座86的避空空间108内与第一蜗轮104啮配合。第一蜗杆103凸出第二主模座93同轴固定第一锥齿轮105。约束顶杆导套88旋转的顶杆导套止转机构为设置在顶杆导套88上的止转槽177,从安装第一伺服电机102一侧安装的止转销178,止转销178穿过第二主模座93伸入止转槽177内。
镦锻机还包括第一伺服电机安装座109、驱动轴110、驱动轴安装座111、驱动轴驱动机构。驱动轴驱动机构包括第二蜗轮112、第二蜗杆113和第二伺服电机114;第一伺服电机安装座109与机体1固定,在第一伺服电机安装座109设有凸轴115,在凸轴115上设有驱动轴安装孔116,驱动轴110仅可转动地安装在驱动轴安装孔116内;在第一伺服电机安装座109上还设有第二蜗杆安装座117;在第一伺服电机安装座109上设有与驱动轴110配合的两固定轴118,在两固定轴118上均设有与驱动轴110配合的固定孔119;凸轴115置于第一伺服电机安装座109的两固定轴118之间,驱动轴110穿过远离第二蜗杆安装座117的固定轴118的固定孔119、凸轴115上的驱动轴安装孔116、靠近第二蜗杆安装座117的固定轴118的固定孔119并凸出靠近第二蜗杆安装座117的固定轴118与第二蜗轮112固定;驱动轴110与两固定轴118不可转动地安装在一起,驱动轴110与凸轴115仅可转动地安装在一起;第二蜗杆113的两端安装在第二蜗杆安装座117上,第二伺服电机114安装在第二蜗杆安装座117外侧,第二蜗杆113的一端与第二伺服电机114的输出轴同轴固定。
当制件长度规格变化、需要调节顶杆导套88在主模座86的容置孔97内的轴向位置时,第二伺服电机114驱动第二蜗杆113运动,第二蜗杆113驱动第二蜗轮112运动,第二蜗轮112驱动驱动轴110运动,驱动轴110驱动第一伺服电机安装座109运动并与主模座86贴在一起时停止运动,同时第一锥齿轮105和第二椎齿轮啮合。第一伺服电机102运动,驱动第
一蜗杆103运动,第一蜗杆103带动第一蜗轮104运动,再通过第一蜗轮104的内螺纹孔107与顶杆导套88的外螺纹部101配合带动顶杆导套88运动,从而调节顶杆导套88在主模座86的容置孔97内的轴向位置来满足制件长度规格变化的需要。顶杆导套88运动到主模座86的容置孔97需要的轴向位置时,完成制件长度规格调整后,第一伺服电机102停止运动,第二伺服电机114运动,将第一伺服电机安装座109带离主模座86。这样在镦锻过程中,第一伺服电机102不在主模座86上,而是与机体1固定,镦锻时第一伺服电机102受到的振动大大减少,大大提高第一伺服电机102的寿命。通过调节第一蜗杆103带动第一蜗轮104运动,再通过第一蜗轮104的内螺纹孔与顶杆导套88外螺纹部101配合带动顶杆导套88运动,由于顶杆导套88被顶杆导套止转机构约束旋转,顶杆导套88产生轴向运动,从而调节顶杆导套88在主模座86的容置孔97内的轴向位置来满足制件长度规格变化的需要,这种结构的制件长度调节装置,一方面第一蜗杆103可以凸出主模座86,调节方便;另一方面第一蜗杆103可以由伺服电机驱动,实现数控调节。
顶针90包括头部120和杆部121,在镦锻凹模89上设有制件容置孔122和与顶针90的杆部121配合的导向孔123。顶针90的头部120置于主模座86的容置孔97内,顶针90的杆部121伸入镦锻凹模89的导向孔123内,镦锻凹模89安装在镦锻凹模安装孔95内。剪料模91安装在剪料模安装孔96内。一个镦锻凹模安装孔95对应一个镦锻凹模89、一个顶针90。顶杆87、顶杆导套88及制件长度调节装置、第二主模座93、镦锻凹模89、顶针90、剪料模91形成一个主模模块。
在每个顶杆导套88内安装有一个顶杆87,顶杆87的杆部99可来回滑动地安装在顶杆导套88的导向孔100内,顶杆87的头部98被顶杆导套88轴向限位在顶杆导套88外且朝向镦锻凹模安装孔95,顶杆87被顶杆导套88轴向限位并完全容置在主模座86的容置孔97内。
如图15、图16所示,主模组件4还包括两组以上滚轮装置125;在主模座86的底面设有滚轮装置容置空间126;滚轮装置125安装在滚轮装置容置空间126内;滚轮装置125包括相对主模座86仅可转动地滚轴127,滚轴127凸出主模座86的底面。
如图11至图14所示,主模座驱动机构包括驱动拖板128、驱动拖板驱动装置;在主模座86上设有驱动拖板滑槽129,驱动拖板滑槽129与主模座86运动方向垂直;驱动拖板128可来回滑动地安装在在主模座86的驱动拖板滑槽129内;在驱动拖板128上设有驱动槽130,在主模座86的驱动拖板滑槽129位置固定有伸入或穿过驱动槽130的驱动杆131、可转动地安装在驱动杆131上的驱动滚轮132;驱动槽130为弧形过渡的阶梯形,包括相互平行的一个第一平行部133和一个第二平行部134,连接第一平行部133和第二平行部134的一个连接部135,第一平行部133与主模座86运动方向垂直,第一平行部133与第二平行部134相邻的两个平行侧面之间的最短距离与驱动滚轮132的直径之和等于镦锻凹模安装孔95的轴线与剪料模安装孔96的轴线间的距离。驱动杆131包括头部136和杆部137,驱动滚轮132安装在驱动杆131的杆部137外,驱动杆131的杆部137穿过驱动拖板128的驱动槽130安装在主模座86上,驱动杆131的头部136的直径大于驱动槽130的宽度;驱动滚轮132与驱动槽130配合且可来回滑动地置于驱动槽130内。
主模座86采用驱动拖板128驱动,驱动杆131驱动驱动拖板128、驱动拖板128驱动主模座86来回滑动,不需要采用伺服电机,也不需要电机正转和反转,通过驱动槽130的结构来控制主模座86来回运动的距离和与冲模组件的运动关系,保持传动关系的稳定可靠,降低成本。驱动杆131包括头部136和杆部,在剧烈震动的情况下,总能保持驱动滚轮132置于驱动槽130内,使驱动拖板128的运动可靠,从而使主模座86的运动可靠。
驱动拖板驱动装置包括与曲轴53平行、两端安装在机体1上的传动轴138,安装在曲轴53上的小齿轮139,与小齿轮139啮合、安装在传动轴138上的大齿轮140,驱动连杆141;大齿轮140与小齿轮139的齿数比为2:1:,驱动连杆141的一端枢接在偏离大齿轮140旋转中心的端面142上,一端枢接在驱动拖板128的一端。
这种结构的驱动拖板驱动装置,其动力源来自驱动大滑块2运动的曲轴53,因此可以减少电机的个数,降低成本。
如图4所示,在容置腔12的底面间隔安装有主模座导轨143,在容置腔12的两个侧壁上对称间隔安装有主模座导轨144。主模组件4安装在容置腔12内,主模座86的底面与容置腔12的底面的主模座导轨143配合、主模座86的两侧与容置腔12的两个侧壁上的主模座导轨144配合。主模座86在由容置腔12的底面的主模座导轨143与容置腔12的两个侧壁上的主模座导轨144形成主模座导向槽,主模座86在主模座导向槽内来回滑动。主模座导向槽与镦锻凹模安装孔95垂直。主模座86的滚轴127可来回滑动地置于在主模座导轨143上,主模座86安装在机架座9的容置腔12内。该结构中,当拆卸掉端板11,并将驱动杆131、驱动滚轮132驱动拖板128与主模座86拆离,将则能将主模组件4一起抽出,因此,便于整
体安装和拆卸主模组件4。
如图3所示,机架体8设有剪料位14、递料及镦锻位15、镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19的侧壁形成机架座9的容置腔12的一个侧壁的一部分。主模座86朝向顶料机构的一侧且置于机架体8内的部分完全被机体1抵挡。
镦锻位15、镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19的顶料机构包括顶棒145、顶棒导套146、顶棒驱动件147、驱动顶棒驱动件147沿顶棒145轴线方向来回运动的顶棒驱动件驱动装置。
在机架体8的剪料位14设有与机架座9的容置腔12的侧壁连通的剪料套安装孔148和,在机体1的递料及镦锻位15设有与机架座9的容置腔12的侧壁连通的推料杆导套安装通孔149,在镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19均设有与机架座9的容置腔12的侧壁连通的顶棒导套安装通孔150。在剪料套安装孔148朝向主模组件的一侧安装有静剪切模151,静剪切模151固定在机体1上。顶棒145的一端穿过顶棒导套146正对主模座的容置孔97,顶棒145的另一端固定在顶棒驱动件147上;一个顶料机构的顶棒驱动件驱动装置包括一个伺服电机156。
如图21所示,顶棒驱动件驱动装置还包括滑座152、小齿轮153,大齿轮154、驱动轴155;滑座152安装在机体1上,小齿轮153与伺服电机156的输出轴固定并置于电机安装在背离伺服电机156的一侧;大齿轮154安装在滑座152上与小齿轮153啮合;驱动轴155固定在大齿轮154偏离轴心位置的端面142上;在顶棒驱动件147上设有与驱动轴155配合的驱动槽130;驱动轴155伸入驱动槽130内。顶料机构的回转驱动件为大齿轮154,大齿轮154在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离是二倍大齿轮的轴心到驱动轴155的轴心间的距离。伺服电机169运动,带同螺杆运动,从而带动滑座152运动。
如图5所示,递料及镦锻位15的推料机构包括枢接在机体1外侧的杠杆157、杠杆驱动机构、推料杆158、推料杆导套159;杠杆157仅可转动的枢接在机体1上,杠杆157靠近固定轴118的一端设有滑孔160,在杠杆157远离固定轴118的一端设有驱动部161,在推料杆导套159上设有轴向导向孔162和侧向导向孔163,在推料杆158上设有与杠杆157的驱动部161配合的驱动孔164;推料杆导套159固定在机体1上,推料杆158安装在推料杆导套159的轴向导向孔162内,杠杆157的驱动部161穿过推料杆导套159上的侧向导向孔163伸入推料杆158的驱动孔164内;杠杆驱动机构包括固定在机体上的安装座165、安装在机体上的伺服电机166、与伺服电机166输出轴固定的驱动盘167、安装在驱动盘167上与杠杆157的滑孔160配合的驱动轴168,驱动轴168可来回滑动地安装在杠杆157的滑孔160内。驱动轴168与伺服电机166的输出轴不共轴。推料机构的回转驱动件包括驱动盘167和杠杆157,由于增加了杠杆157,驱动盘167和杠杆157在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离远远大于顶料机构的大齿轮154在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离。
如图21所示,在机体1的外侧凸设有两条导轨172,在滑座152的两侧设有与两导轨172配合的导槽173。顶料机构的前后位置调整机构包括伺服电机169,与伺服电机169输出轴固定的螺杆170,设置在滑座152上的螺纹孔171,、与两条导轨172固定的调整伺服电机安装座174;滑座152两侧的导槽173安装在机体1外侧的两条导轨172上,伺服电机169安装在调整伺服电机安装座174上,螺杆170与伺服电机169的输出轴固定并与滑座152上的螺纹孔171螺纹连接。
所有冲模座等距分布,所有冲模座的轴线共面,相邻两冲模座轴线间的距离等于镦锻凹模安装孔95的轴线与剪料模安装孔96的轴线间的距离。一冲冲模座43、二冲冲模座44、三冲冲模座45、四冲冲模座46、末冲冲模座47分别与递料及镦锻位15、镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19一一对应并正对。冲模座的个数比主模座86上的镦锻凹模安装孔95的个数多一个。
主模座86的剪料模安装孔96在剪料位14与递料及镦锻位15之间来回滑动。主模座86上的剪料模安装孔96置于剪料位14,与一冲冲模座43共轴的镦锻凹模安装孔95置于递料及镦锻位15,末冲冲模座不在镦锻位上。主模座86上的剪料模安装孔96置于递料及镦锻位15,与一冲冲模座43共轴,末冲冲模座置于镦锻位上。
一种镦锻机的工作方法,冲模组件还包括一个以上的冲模;主模组件4还包括镦锻凹模89、顶针90、剪料模91。在剪料模91远离冲模组件的一端安装有剪料模镶件176。剪料模镶件176和静剪切模151共同作用将线材剪断成坯料,这样只需剪料模镶件176和静剪切模151的材质好,剪料模91可用一般的材质,降低剪料模91成本。顶针90包括头部120和杆部121,在镦锻凹模89上设有制件容置孔122和与顶针90的杆部121配合的导向孔;顶针90的头部120置于主模座86的容置孔内,顶针90的杆部121伸入镦锻凹模89的导向孔123
了,镦锻凹模89安装在镦锻凹模安装孔95内,剪料模91安装在剪料模安装孔96内;一个镦锻凹模安装孔95对应一个镦锻凹模89、一个顶针90;
的镦锻机的工作方法包括以下步骤:
(1)主模座86内的剪料模91置于剪料位14,驱动滚轮132置于第一平行部133内并与第一平行部133靠近第二平行部134的一侧接触;对应剪料位14的线材经线材送料机构送入到主模座86内的剪料模91内;大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块2运动,安装在大滑块2上的冲模组件朝向主模组件4运动,冲模组件3的末冲冲模52内无制件、不在镦锻位上、无镦锻,递料及镦锻位15的一冲冲模48将一冲冲模48的坯料、分别对应镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19的二冲冲模49、三冲冲模50、四冲冲模51、末冲冲模52将其制件冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模89内并进行镦锻;镦锻完成后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块2复位,即安装在大滑块2上的冲模组件3远离主模组件4方向运动,制件留在相应的镦锻凹模89内;
(2)主模座驱动机构驱动主模组件4滑动,主模座86内的剪料模91在从剪料位14向递料及镦锻位15滑动的过程中,安装在主模座86内的剪料模91将线材剪断实现全圆剪料,被剪断的线材形成镦锻制件所需的坯料;剪料模91移动到递料及镦锻位15,坯料随主模座86内的剪料模91一起运动到递料及镦锻位15;镦锻凹模89内的制件随主模座86一起运动到下一个镦锻位;
(3)剪料模91移动到递料及镦锻位15,驱动滚轮132置于第二平行部134内并与第二平行部134靠近第一平行部133的一侧接触;主模座86停止滑动后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块2运动,分别与镦锻位16、镦锻位17、镦锻位18、镦锻位19对应的二冲冲模49、三冲冲模50、四冲冲模51、末冲冲模52对与其共轴的镦锻位的镦锻凹模89内制件进行镦锻;
镦锻完成后,大滑块2朝向远离主模组件4的方向运动过程中,与末冲冲模52对应的镦锻位的顶料机构的顶棒145顶主模组件4的顶杆87、顶杆87顶顶针90将镦锻位的镦锻凹模89内的制件成品顶出;与二冲冲模49、三冲冲模50、四冲冲模51对应的镦锻位的顶料机构的推料杆158顶主模组件4的顶杆87、顶杆87顶顶针90将与其对应的镦锻位的镦锻凹模89内的制件顶入与其共轴的冲模内并脱离镦锻凹模89;递料及镦锻位15的推料机构的推料杆158将坯料送入到与其共轴的一冲冲模48内并脱离剪料模91;
步骤(1)至步骤(3)反复循环。
实施例2
如图22、图23所示,与实施例1不同的是,主模座驱动机构包括安装座300、设有驱动轴301的驱动件302、主模座驱动电机303、驱动块304、主模座驱动机构位置调整机构。
驱动件302包括圆盘305,设置在圆盘305的一个端面上的安装轴306,驱动轴301设置在圆盘305的另一个端面上,安装轴306的轴心偏离驱动轴301的轴心;驱动轴301、圆盘305、安装轴306为一体式结构。采用驱动轴301、圆盘305、安装轴306为一体式结构的驱动件302,驱动件302的刚性好,能提供更大的驱动力。
在安装座300的前后两侧设有导向槽290,在机座本体307凸出机体291且设有开口292的一侧的底部设有与安装座300配合的开槽293。在主模座308上设有开口向下的驱动块滑孔310。驱动件302的安装轴306穿过安装座300安装在主模座驱动电机303的输出轴上,驱动块304仅可转动地安装在驱动件302的驱动轴301上,驱动块304可来回滑动地安装在驱动块滑孔310内。主模座308安装在机座本体307的容置腔294内,安装座300的两导向槽290可滑动地安装在开槽293的两侧壁295上。端板296安装在机座本体307设有开口292一端的端面上。
主模座驱动机构位置调整机构包括伺服电机297、与伺服电机297同轴固定的螺杆298,设置在安装座300上与螺杆298配合的螺纹孔299。螺杆298穿过端板296与安装座的螺纹孔299螺纹连接,伺服电机297安装在端板296上。
通过主模座驱动电机303驱动驱动件302旋转,驱动件302的驱动轴301驱动驱动块304在驱动块滑孔310内滑动,驱动块304驱动主模座308来回滑动。该主模座308驱动机构由于省略了连杆机构,直接用驱动件302和驱动块304驱动主模座308,结构简单紧凑,大大提高主模座308来回运动的精度。特别是省略了连杆机构,大大减少了驱动机构的故障率,提高了驱动可靠性,主模组件及主模组件驱动机构的安装和调试特别简单,大大降低对安装和调试设备的操作人员的要求。伺服电机297驱动螺杆298旋转,通过安装座300上的螺纹孔299与螺杆298配合驱动安装座300的导向槽290在开槽293的两侧壁295上滑动,从而微调主模座308的剪料模相对剪料位的位置关系。
镦锻机还包括气动定位装置。气动定位装置包括安装在机座本体307一侧的气缸311,安装在气缸活塞上312的定位件313。在主模座308上设有与定位件313配合的定位槽314。在镦锻位置,定位件313伸入定位槽314内对主模座308定位,能有效避免镦锻时因振动主
模座308移位,提高镦锻精度和制件的质量。
如图24、图26所示,全部镦锻位315的顶料机构包括顶棒316、顶棒导套317、一个顶棒驱动件318、一个驱动顶棒驱动件318沿顶棒316轴线方向来回运动的顶棒驱动件驱动装置。镦锻位315上的一个顶杆319对应一个顶棒316、顶棒导套317。顶棒导套317安装在机体320上,顶棒316的一端伸入到顶棒导套317内。
如图22、图25所示,镦锻机还包括顶料机构的前后位置调整机构;镦锻位315上的一个顶棒316对应一个顶料机构的前后位置调整机构。顶料机构的前后位置调整机构包括伺服电机321、蜗杆322、蜗轮323、安装座324、设置在顶棒316一端的外螺纹部325、限制顶棒316相对蜗轮323旋转的止转机构。在安装座324上设有与顶棒316的外螺纹部325配合的内螺纹孔326,与内螺纹孔326连通并同轴的蜗轮安装孔327,与蜗轮安装孔327连通的蜗杆安装孔328。蜗杆安装孔328的轴线垂直内螺纹孔326的轴线。在蜗杆322上设有内通孔329,止转机构为设置在顶棒316的外螺纹部325上的止转槽330和设置在蜗杆322内通孔329上的止转条331。伺服电机321安装在安装座324上,蜗杆322的一端与伺服电机321的输出轴固定,另一端安装在安装座324上;蜗轮323安装在蜗轮安装孔327孔内并通过端盖332并被限位在安装座324内与蜗杆322啮合,顶棒316的外螺纹部325穿过安装座324上的内螺纹孔326伸入蜗轮323的内通孔329内。蜗轮323的内通孔329上的止转条331伸入顶棒316的外螺纹部325上的止转槽330限制顶棒316相对蜗轮323转动,安装座324不动,伺服电机321驱动蜗杆322,蜗杆322驱动蜗轮323,通过顶棒316的外螺纹部325与固定座的内螺纹孔326配合驱动顶棒316运动调节顶棒316的位置。
如图24所示,顶棒驱动件驱动装置包括伺服电机333、设有驱动轴334的驱动盘335;伺服电机333安装在机体320上,驱动盘335与伺服电机333的输出轴安装在一起。驱动轴334的轴心偏离安装驱动盘335的安装轴336的轴心。在顶棒驱动件318上设有与驱动轴334配合的驱动槽337;驱动轴334伸入驱动槽337内。顶料机构的回转驱动件为驱动盘335,驱动盘335在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离是二倍驱动盘335的轴心到驱动轴334的轴心间的距离。推料机构与实施例1相同,由于增加了杠杆,因而推料机构的回转驱动件在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离远远大于顶料机构的驱动盘335在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离。如图27、图28、图29所示,镦锻机还包括夹钳座338、夹钳机构。在递料及镦锻位340上、所有的镦锻位315上均设有夹钳机构。单个夹钳机构包括伺服电机339,与伺服电机339的输出轴固定的左转轴343,与左转轴343固定设有驱动齿341的左驱动块342,左固定块344,与左固定块344固定的左钳体345;还包括设有驱动齿346的右驱动块347,与右驱动块347固定的右转轴348,右固定块349,与右固定块349固定的右钳体350。左转轴343穿过夹钳座338与左固定块344固定;右转轴348穿过夹钳座338与右固定块349固定;右驱动块347的驱动齿346与左驱动块342的驱动齿341相互啮合。
如图22、图26、图30、图31所示,大滑块驱动机构包括伺服电机351、连杆352、连杆后盖353、曲轴354。曲轴354的两端安装在机体320上与伺服电机351的输出轴固定;连杆352的一端通过枢接轴355枢接在大滑块356上,连杆352的另一端合抱在曲轴354的偏心轴357上,连杆后盖353合抱在曲轴354的偏心轴357上并与连杆352安装在一起。
镦锻机的工作步骤包括以下步骤:
(1)主模座308内的剪料模358置于剪料位359,对应剪料位359的线材经线材送料机构送入到主模座308内的剪料模358内;
大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块356运动,安装在大滑块356上的冲模组件360朝向凹模组件361运动,冲模组件360的末冲冲模362内无制件、不在镦锻位315上、无镦锻;递料及镦锻位340的冲模363将被夹钳机构夹持住的坯料冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模364内的过程中夹钳张开,夹钳张开后递料及镦锻位340的冲模363继续对顶入镦锻凹模364内的坯料进行镦锻;其它镦锻位315的冲模将被夹钳机构夹持住的制件冲入与其共轴的凹模内的过程中夹钳张开,夹钳张开后其它镦锻位315的冲模继续对顶入镦锻凹模内的制件进行镦锻;
镦锻完成后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块356复位,即安装在大滑块356上的冲模组件360远离凹模组件361方向运动,制件留在相应的镦锻凹模内;
(2)主模座308驱动机构驱动主模组件滑动,主模座308内的剪料模358在从剪料位359向递料及镦锻位340滑动的过程中,安装在主模座308内的剪料模358将线材剪断实现全圆剪料,被剪断的线材形成镦锻制件所需的坯料;剪料模358移动到递料及镦锻位340,坯料随主模座308内的剪料模358一起运动到递料及镦锻位340;镦锻凹模内的制件随主模座308一起运动到下一个镦锻位315;
(3)剪料模358移动到递料及镦锻位340主模座308停止滑动后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块356运动,镦锻位315的冲模对与其共轴的镦锻位315的镦锻凹模内制件进行镦锻;
镦锻完成后,大滑块356开始朝向远离主模组件的方向运动过程中,与末冲冲模362对应的镦锻位315的顶料机构的顶棒316顶主模组件的顶杆319、顶杆319顶顶针将镦锻位315的镦锻凹模内的制件成品顶出;与其它冲模对应的镦锻位315的顶料机构顶料过程中,该镦锻位315上的夹钳闭合夹持制件且制件脱离镦锻凹模;递料及镦锻位340的推料机构的顶料过程中,递料及镦锻位340的夹钳闭合夹持坯料且坯料脱离剪料模358;
步骤(1)至步骤(3)反复循环。
实施例3
与实施例2不同的是,如图32、图33所示,顶料机构379为现有的同步机械顶出的顶料机构379。每一个顶棒380对应一个顶料机构379前后位置调整机构381。
如图34、图35所示,主模座驱动机构包括电机382、连杆383、设有驱动轴385的驱动件384。驱动件384包括圆盘386,设置在圆盘386的一个端面上的安装轴387,驱动轴385设置在圆盘386的另一个端面上,安装轴387的轴心偏离驱动轴385的轴心;驱动轴385、圆盘386、安装轴387为一体式结构。驱动件384的安装轴387安装在电机382的输出轴上。在主模座389上设有连杆枢接轴390;连杆383一端可转动地安装在驱动件384的驱动轴385上,连杆383的另一端仅可转动地安装在主模座389的连杆枢接轴390上。通过电机382驱动驱动件384旋转,驱动件384的驱动轴385驱动连杆383运动,连杆383驱动主模座389在设置机体391上的导向装置来回滑动。该主模座389驱动机构采用连杆383机构,可以增大主模座389来回滑动的行程。
如图36至图38所示,在与四冲冲模392正对的镦锻位393上设有夹钳机构394,在与二冲冲模395正对的镦锻位396上设有夹钳机构397。
如图38至图40所示,大滑块驱动机构与实施例1不同的是,大滑块驱动机构的曲轴378由曲轴378同轴固定的大皮带轮398驱动,大皮带轮398通过皮带399由小皮带轮400驱动,小皮带轮400由与其同轴安装的电机401驱动。
实施例4
如图41至图45所示,与实施例1不同的是,冲模组件401还包括设置在冲模组件401内保持坯料402与冲模403的轴线共轴的定位机构。定位机构包括三个弹片404。弹片404包括弹片本体405,从靠近弹片本体405向一侧凸出的扣合部406,弹片本体405另一端向扣合部406同一侧弯折后再平行弹片本体405弯折在向背离扣合部406一侧弯折的定位部407。在冲模403上设有与扣合部406配合的侧向抵挡通孔408和与定位部407配合的侧向通孔409,在冲模顶针410上设有与定位部407配合的避空槽411。在冲模403内未夹持有坯料402的状态,弹片404的抵挡部安装在冲模403的抵挡通孔408内,弹片404的定位部407穿过冲模403的侧向通孔409伸入冲模顶针410的避空槽411内,弹片本体405置于冲模403与冲模403套之间。在冲模403内夹持有坯料402的状态,弹片404的扣合部406安装在冲模403的抵挡通孔408内,坯料402的头部412越过弹片404的定位部407,弹片404的定位部407穿过冲模403的侧向通孔409顶住坯料402的杆部413从而对坯料402的杆部413轴向限位,即使在坯料402的杆部413很长时,也能保持坯料402与冲模403的轴线共轴。
如图46所示,镦锻机包括机体601、可来回滑动地安装在机体601上的大滑块602,安装在大滑块602与机体601上的顶出装置603、驱动大滑块602来回滑动的的大滑块驱动机构604、安装在机体601上的顶料机构605、顶料机构605前后位置调整机构、推料机构606、推料杆行程调节机构607及线材送料机构608、主模组件609、设置在机体601上的主模座710导向装置、驱动主模组件609来回滑动的主模座驱动机构610。
如图50所示,在机体601上设有用来安装主模组件609的容置腔611,容置腔611的一端部设有用来安装主模组件609的开口,及安装主模组件609后密封开口的端板612。主模组件609从开口处安装在容置腔611内,端板612安装在位于容置腔611的开口处并固定在机体601上。
如图46、图47所示,镦锻机还包括向主模组件609方向、依次安装在机体601上、轴线平行且在同一水平面上的第一传动轴613、第二传动轴614、曲轴615。第一传动轴613的一端由内向外依次同轴固定有第一小齿轮616、由电机直接驱动的皮带轮617。曲轴615的一端固定有与第一小齿轮616啮合的第一大齿轮620,曲轴615的另一端穿过机体601固定有第二小齿轮621。第二传动轴614的一端同轴固定有与第二小齿轮621啮合的第二大齿轮618,另一端穿过机体601固定有第一锥齿轮619。第二大齿轮618与第二小齿轮621的传动比为2:1。电机(未示出)通过皮带(未示出)带动皮带轮617转动,皮带轮617带动第一传动轴613、第一小齿轮616转动;第一小齿轮616转动带动与之啮合的第一大齿轮620转动,从而带动曲轴615、第二小齿轮621转动;第二小齿轮621转动,带动第二大齿轮618转动,从
而带动第二传动轴614和第一锥齿轮619转动。在第二大齿轮618背离第一传动轴613的一端偏心设有与驱动拖板驱动装置的驱动连杆622连接的驱动轴623。
如图48、图49所示,在机体601上依次设有剪料位631、递料及镦锻位632、镦锻位633、镦锻位634、镦锻位635、镦锻位636。线材送料机构608置于剪料位631,在递料及镦锻位632上设有推料机构606,在镦锻位633、镦锻位634、镦锻位635、镦锻位636上均设有顶料机构605。
如图46、图50、图51所示,线材送料机构608包括安装安装在机体601后外侧面的固定座664,在固定座664的外侧固定有送料电机652,送料电机652为伺服电机。送料电机652的电机轴与主动轴653连接,在主动轴653安装有第一送料齿轮654,在主动轴653正上方安装有第一从动轴655,在第一从动轴655上枢接有摆动件657和安装有与第一送料齿轮654啮合的第二送料齿轮656。在摆动件657上设有两端安装在摆动件657上的第二从动轴658,第二从动轴658置于主动轴653的外侧,第二从动轴658的轴线与第一从动轴655在同一水平面,第二从动轴658上安装有与第二送料齿轮656啮合的第三送料齿轮659和第一送料轮660,第一送料轮660置于第三送料齿轮659背离送料电机652的一侧。在第二从动轴658的正下方安装第三从动轴661,第三从动轴661上安装有与第一送料齿轮654啮合的第四送料齿轮662,在第三从动轴661上、第一送料轮660的正下方还安装有第二送料轮663。在第一送料轮660和第二送料轮663的作用下输送线材运动。线材送料机构608还包括固定座664,主动轴653、第一从动轴655、第三从动轴661的两端安装在固定座664上。在摆动件657与固定座664之间设有压合装置,压合装置的作用力作用在摆动件657上,且该作用力向下。在固定座664上依次设有纵向矫直轮组665、横向矫直轮组666。
如图52所示,压合装置包括安装安装在机体601上的气缸667及气缸推杆668,气缸推杆668的一端设有径向的长圆形孔669,长圆形孔669的长度方向与气缸推杆668端面平行,气缸推杆668设有长圆形孔669的一端通过连接轴670与摆动件657铰接连接,另一端与气缸667的驱动轴连接。在送料的过程中,通过摆动件657的自重与气缸667的拉力产生向下的力,保证第一送料轮660和第二送料轮663始终处于压紧状态,保证线材输送的可靠性和精确性。在气缸667的推力作用下抬起摆动件657且气缸推杆668上的长圆形孔669为连接端气缸推杆668的水平位移提供移动空间,从而起到调节第一送料轮660和第二送料轮663之间间距的作用,在换料时提供线材进入第一送料轮660和第二送料轮663的空间。
要实现上述送料,在机体601的剪料位631,机体601位于主模座710朝向送料驱动机构一侧设有剪料位631。线材经线材送料机构608矫直导向后经剪料位631进入到剪料模内。
如图53、图54所示,大滑块602,安装在大滑块602上的冲头组件、驱动大滑块602来回滑动的的大滑块驱动机构604与实施例1不同的是,
如图54所示,在大滑块602的底部设有两组导向滚轮681,用来支撑大滑块602在机体601内部的底部导向板682上来回滑动,将滑动摩擦力转变为滚动摩擦力,从而减少大滑块602来回运动时与底部导向板682之间的摩擦力。
如图46、图47、图55所示,上顶出装置603包括固定在第二传动轴614上的摆杆驱动凸轮683,摆杆684,安装在摆杆684上、与摆杆驱动凸轮683配合的摆杆滚轮685,固定在机体上并安装在摆杆684中间位置的摆杆轴686,安装在摆杆684远离摆杆滚轮685一端的摆件压轮687、摆臂组件688。
摆臂组件688包括第一摆臂689、第二摆臂690、转轴691、耐磨块692、弹簧销693、弹簧694、弹簧帽695。第一摆臂689包括长臂696、短臂697和安装部698;长臂696、短臂697形成L型,安装部698设置在长臂696和短臂697的转角处,并凸出长臂696和短臂697;在安装部698上设有与转轴691配合的第一摆臂枢接通孔699。耐磨块692固定在第一摆臂689的长臂696朝上的面。
第二摆臂690包括圆柱形的第二摆臂本体700,在第二摆臂本体700的轴心位置设有与转轴691配合的第二摆臂枢接通孔701,第二摆臂本体700的上侧径向凸设一个连接部702,在第二摆臂本体700背离连接部702的一侧、径向凸设有五个结构相同、且均匀分布的顶料臂703,在第二摆臂本体700的一侧设有用于安装第一摆臂689的安装槽704,安装槽704与第二摆臂枢接通孔701连通,在每个顶料臂703远离第二摆臂本体700的端部、背离安装槽704的一侧均安装有一个顶出销705。
弹簧帽695安装在长臂696背离耐磨块692的一侧。弹簧销693一端安装在大滑块602上,另一端穿入弹簧694且不凸出弹簧694,弹簧694背离大滑块602的一端顶在弹簧帽695上。
第一摆臂689的安装部698伸入第二摆臂690的安装槽704内,转轴691穿过第二摆臂枢接通孔701、第一摆臂枢接通孔699,第一摆臂689的短臂697与第二摆臂690的连接部
702固定在一起,从而将第一摆臂689和第二摆臂690固定在一起。转轴691的两端固定在大滑块602上,摆件压轮687压在耐磨块692上。
第二传动轴614转动带动摆杆驱动凸轮683转动,摆杆驱动凸轮683拨动摆杆滚轮685使摆杆684绕摆杆轴686摆动,当摆杆684设有摆件压轮687的一端向下摆动时,摆件压轮687向下压耐磨块692,使第一摆臂689带动第二摆臂690绕转轴691转动,顶料臂703通过摆动使其上面的顶出销705作用冲模组件的冲模顶针,使冲模顶针产生直线单向运动。当摆杆驱动凸轮683转动到低位时,弹簧694为摆杆684组件提供复位力并使摆杆684的摆件压轮687与耐磨块692保持贴合滚动。
如图56所示,摆杆驱动凸轮683的内孔706为三角形齿的内齿轮形孔,第二传动轴614与摆杆驱动凸轮683的内孔706配合的部分为外齿轮形,从而使凸轮的角度调节方便。
如图57所示,主模组件609与实施例1不同的是,主模座710为一体式结构。主模组件609还包括两组滚轮装置711,每组滚轮装置711均包括滚轴712和安装在滚轴712两端的滚轮713。在主模座710的底面凸设有安装滚轴712的安装部714;滚轴712的两端安装在安装部714上,滚轮713凸出安装部714的底面。
如图58所示,主模座驱动机构610与实施例1不同的是,包括驱动拖板720、驱动拖板驱动装置。主模座710上与驱动拖板720配合的驱动拖板滑槽721水平设置,且为开口槽。驱动连杆622一端与主模座710相连,另一端与第二大齿轮618上的驱动轴623相连。因第一传动轴613和曲轴615的轴线在同一个水平面上,从而使驱动拖板720可水平运动。
如图46、图59所示,在安装主模座710的容置腔主模座710运动方向的两侧、机体601相背的两外侧设有主模座间隙消除装置722、主模座间隙消除装置729。
驱动拖板滑槽721一侧的主模座间隙消除装置722包括两个结构相同的弹簧套723、弹簧杆724、弹簧725。弹簧杆724的中部设有轴肩726,弹簧套723上设有弹簧容置孔727,与弹簧容置孔727同轴、与弹簧杆724配合的通孔728。弹簧725置于弹簧容置孔727内,弹簧杆724的一端穿过弹簧725、弹簧套723的通孔728,弹簧杆724的另一端穿过机体601上的通孔伸入安装主模座710的容置腔611内,并与主模座710正对。弹簧725两端分别被弹簧杆724的轴肩726与弹簧容置孔727的底部抵挡,弹簧套723安装安装在机体601的外侧。
远离驱动拖板滑槽721一侧的主模座间隙消除装置729安装在端板612上。弹簧杆731为一螺钉,弹簧杆731的螺纹部穿过弹簧732、弹簧套733的通孔734与锁紧螺母(未示出)连接,弹簧杆731的头部置于安装主模座710的容置腔611内。
为了驱动杆622在驱动槽735内滑动顺畅、阻力小,安装在主模座710上的驱动杆622与驱动槽735之间间隙配合,设有主模座间隙消除装置722,在主模座710相对静止时,总被靠近一侧的主模座间隙消除装置722的弹簧杆724抵挡限位,使驱动滚轮736与驱动槽735的槽壁保持贴合,减少振动,使驱动拖板720的运动可靠,从而使主模座710在相对静止的位置位置精度高。
如图60至图62所示,在剪料位631,在机体601的剪料位631的位置、且在机体601朝向主模组件609的一侧还设有静剪切模751和静剪切模位置微调装置。静剪切模751的外周为正六角形,中心设有与线材配合的通孔752。静剪切模位置微调装置,包括固定板753,上下调整座754、左右调整座755、盖板756、两个结构相同的调整螺栓757、普通螺栓758。调整螺栓757包括抵挡部759和外螺纹部760,在抵挡部759上设有圆环形的抵挡槽761。固定板753的一侧设有一个底部为半圆弧、与调整螺栓757的抵挡部759外周配合的凹槽762,在凹槽762的内壁中间位置径向凸出与调整螺栓757的抵挡槽761配合的支撑部763,支撑部763的顶端与抵挡槽761的底部配合。上下调整座754为长方体件,其相背的两侧凸设有导向限位部764,其内部设有用来安装左右调整座755并供其上下滑动的容置孔765,在容置孔765的底部设有供线材通过的通孔766;在上下调整座754的上部设有与固定板753的凹槽762结构相同的凹槽767,凹槽767贯通调整座的顶面与容置孔765。左右调整座755上设有与静剪切模751配合、四个面均与水平面倾斜、转角圆弧过渡的平行四边形的第一调整孔768约束。盖板756上设有与静剪切模751配合的第二调整孔769。
在机体601的剪料位631的位置设有与上下调整座754配合的上下调整座容置槽770,通过上下调整座754的导向限位部764在上下调整座容置槽770内上下滑动使上下调整座754仅可上下滑动的安装在上下调整座容置槽770内,上下调整座754的凹槽762朝上。调整螺栓757与上下调整座754上的螺纹孔螺纹连接,调整螺栓757置入固定板753的凹槽762中,凹槽762的支撑部763插入调整螺栓757的抵挡槽761内使调整螺栓757被上下限位,固定板753的一侧通过普通螺栓758固定在机体601上。调整螺栓757与左右调整座755上的螺纹孔螺纹连接,左右调整座755安装在上下调整座754的容置孔765内,同时调整螺栓757
置入上下调整座754的凹槽767中、上下调整座754的支撑部763伸入调整螺栓757的抵挡槽761内使调整螺栓757被上下限位。静剪切模751斜向来回滑动的安装在第一调整孔768内且凸出第一调整孔768、并被第一调整孔768的孔壁约束周向旋转。凸出左右调整座755的静剪切模751可左右方向来回滑动安装在第二调整孔769内,盖板756安装在上下调整座754上。通过旋紧或旋松调整螺栓757可调节上下调整座754的上下位置。通过旋紧或旋松调整螺栓757可调节左右调整座755的上下位置,静剪切模751被第二调整孔769抵挡且被第一调整孔768斜向推动在第二调整孔769上产生横向位移,从而对静剪切模751实现左右位置的调节。
如图47、图63所示,顶料机构605包括凸轮轴791、凸轮轴驱动机构792、固定在凸轮轴791上的第一凸轮793,第二凸轮794,第三凸轮795,第四凸轮796,每个凸轮对应一个顶棒摆件797、用于顶棒摆件797复位的摆件复位机构798、可与顶棒摆件797顶接的顶出机构799。每个凸轮的轴孔为内齿形孔800,在凸轮轴791上对于每个凸轮的安装位置均径向凸设有与凸轮的内齿形孔800配合的外齿轮形部801,在凸轮固定在凸轮轴791时可通过内齿形孔800与外齿轮形部801的配合进行角度调节和周向固定。在顶棒摆件797上可转动地枢接有顶接凸轮的滚轮802。四个顶棒摆件797可转动地枢接在与机体601固定的顶棒摆件轴803上。顶料机构的回转驱动件为顶棒摆件797。
顶出机构799包括顶棒804、复位弹簧805、顶棒导套806,顶棒804为阶梯轴,依次包括小轴807、中轴808、大轴809、中轴821,复位弹簧805安装在顶棒导套806内,顶棒804的小轴807穿过复位弹簧805直到复位弹簧805被大轴809朝向小轴807的端面抵挡并凸出顶棒导套806,顶棒导套806安装在机体601的镦锻位上,顶棒804远离小轴807一侧的中轴821凸出顶棒导套806与顶棒804摆件797顶接。
摆件复位机构798包括复位弹簧810、复位杆811,复位杆811的中部设有轴肩812,复位杆811的一端穿过复位弹簧810装入机体601的摆件复位机构容置孔813内,复位弹簧810一端被复位杆811的轴肩812抵挡,复位杆811的另一端与顶棒摆件797顶接。
如图66所示,凸轮轴驱动机构792包括与第一圆锥齿轮619啮合的第二圆锥齿轮814,朝下同轴安装在第二圆锥齿轮814上的第三传动轴815,同轴安装在第三传动轴815上的第三圆锥齿轮816,与第三圆锥齿轮816啮合的第四圆锥齿轮817,朝凸轮轴791一侧同轴安装在第四圆锥齿轮817上的第四传动轴818,同轴安装在第四传动轴818上的第五圆锥齿轮819,与第五圆锥齿轮819啮合的第六圆锥齿轮820,凸轮轴791同轴安装在第六圆锥齿轮820上。
如图63至图65所示,推料机构606包括安装固定在顶料机构605的凸轮轴791上的推料凸轮831、推料摆件832、可与推料摆件832顶接的推料组件,在推料摆件832的一端可转动地枢接有顶接推料凸轮831的滚轮833,另一端设有避空槽834和耐磨件835,耐磨件835上也设有形状相同的避空槽834,耐磨件835安装安装在推料摆件832上且两避空槽834位置正对,推料摆件832通过安装在机体601上的推料摆件轴836可转动地枢接在机体601上,其枢接位置靠近滚轮833一侧。推料机构的回转驱动件为推料摆件832。推料摆件832的枢接位置到顶出位置之间的距离要远远大于顶棒摆件797的枢接位置到顶出位置之间的距离,因而推料摆件832在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离远远大于顶棒摆件797在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离。
推料组件包括推料导套837、推料杆838、弹簧导套839、调节弹簧840、推力轴承841、调节螺母842、调整件843。
推料导套837的一端径向凸设一个圆凸环844,推料导套837的轴心位置设有中心通孔845,在中心通孔845的孔壁径向凸设五个周向均布、轴向延伸的、花键形的导向槽846,五个导向槽846的端部围成一个导向孔847。
推料杆838为阶梯轴,其依次包括推料小轴848、推料大轴849、推料中轴850,在推料大轴849的外周周向均布五条轴向的与导向槽846配合的导向部851,在推料中轴850背离推料大轴849的一端设有外螺纹部852,推料小轴848的外周与推料导套837的导向孔847配合。由于推料需要的力不大,因此推料杆838可采用铝合金材质。
弹簧导套839的轴心位置设有与推料中轴850配合的通孔853,在弹簧导套839的外周中部凸设一个轴肩854,在弹簧导套839的一端设有与通孔853同轴用于容置调节弹簧840的沉孔855。
调整件843的外周依次为外六角形的夹持部856、径向凸出夹持部856的圆环形的抵挡部857,调整件843的轴心位置设有与外螺纹部852配合的螺纹通孔858。
在递料及镦锻位632,在机体601上设有与推料导套837的外周配合的阶梯形的推料机构606容置孔。推料杆838的推料小轴848从推料导套837的圆凸环844一侧穿入导向孔847,
推料大轴849的导向部851对应插入推料导套837的导向槽846中,推料导套837安装在推料机构606容置孔中。调节弹簧840的一端安装在推料导套837的沉孔855内并凸出沉孔855。推料杆838的推料中轴850的外螺纹部852依次穿过弹簧导套839的通孔853、调节弹簧840、推力轴承841、调节螺母842与调整件843的螺纹通孔858螺纹连接,调节弹簧840一端被沉孔855的底面抵挡,另一端被推力轴承841抵挡。调节螺母842与调整件843紧靠在一起共同作用产生自锁,使调节螺母842和调整件843不容易反转松脱。推力轴承841使螺母朝向调节弹簧840方向旋转时阻力更小,使行程调整方便。调整件843的抵挡部857背离夹持部856的端面与推料摆件832的耐磨件835顶接,推料杆838的外螺纹部852可穿入推料摆件832的避空槽834。
推料杆838的螺纹端与调节螺母842形成推料机构606的推料杆行程调节机构607。为了减少推料杆838的推料行程,在剪料时,剪下来的一端或几段坯料可完全容置在主模座710的剪料模内,容置在剪料模内的坯料长度总和要小于剪料模的厚度。坯料长度变化,推料杆838的行程就会发生变化,这时就需调整调节螺母842相对推料杆838的位置。调节螺母842越靠近推料凸轮831,推料杆838的行程越大,推料摆件832的空行程越小;调节螺母842越远离推料凸轮831,调节弹簧840压缩越多,推料杆838的行程越小,推料摆件832的空行程越大。
实施例6
如图67所示,主模座组件为一体式结构,制件长度调节装置与实施例1不同的是,伺服电机安装座881直接安装在主模座882上,四台第一伺服电机883均安装在第一伺服电机883安装座881上,安装在第一伺服电机883上的第二锥齿轮884与第一aaa蜗杆885上的第一锥齿轮886一一对应啮合。由于主模组件为一体式结构,有足够的空间安装伺服电机安装座881,省略了伺服电机安装座881需在一定角度内转动的结构,大大简化了制件长度调节装置的结构,使主模组件结构更简单、大大降低成本。
实施例7
如图68、图69所示,推料机构与实施例5不同的是,推料组件包括推料导套(未示出)、推料杆(未示出)、弹簧导套(未示出)、复位弹簧901、限位件902及安装在推料摆件903上的推料杆行程调节装置。
限位件902的中心位置设有与推料杆(未示出)的外螺纹部(未示出)配合的螺纹盲孔(未示出)。复位弹簧901用于复位,部用来调节推料杆的行程。推料导套、推料杆、弹簧导套、复位弹簧901与实施例5相同,限位件902的螺纹盲孔与推料杆的螺纹端螺纹连接对复位弹簧901限位。
推料杆行程调节装置包括调节螺杆904、锁紧件905、固定座906、调节蜗轮907、调节蜗杆908、伺服电机909;调节螺杆904为T形螺杆,包括抵挡部910和背离抵挡部910圆弧面的外螺纹部911,在外螺纹部911上周向均布三条轴向的导向槽912。
锁紧件905为圆环形,其中心位置设有与调节螺杆904的外螺纹部911配合的止转通孔913,止转通孔913的孔壁设有三条径向凸出的与导向槽912配合的导向凸部914。
固定座906的中心位置依次设有与调节螺杆904配合的通孔915、与通孔915同轴且用于容纳调节蜗轮907的容置孔916、与容置孔916同轴且用于过盈配合安装锁紧件905的沉孔917。在固定座906外侧设有与容置孔916连通并垂直、与调节蜗杆908配合的通孔(未示出),通孔(未示出)的轴线与容置孔916轴线之间的距离与相互啮合的蜗轮的轴心到蜗杆的轴心之间的距离相等。
推料摆件903的端部设有与调节螺杆904的外螺纹部911配合的通孔919。
伺服电机909与调节蜗杆908轴接,调节蜗杆908穿过固定座906上的通孔(未示出)伸入容置孔916内,伺服电机909安装安装在固定座906外;调节蜗轮907装入固定座906的容置孔916中且调节蜗轮907与调节蜗杆908啮合。调节螺杆904的外螺纹部911依次穿过锁紧件905的止转通孔913且止转通孔913的导向凸部914插入外螺纹部911相应的导向槽912中与调节蜗轮907的轴心螺孔螺纹连接并正对固定座906的通孔915,锁紧件905与固定座906的沉孔917过盈配合不可旋转地安装在一起。固定座906背离沉孔917的一侧与推料摆件903的端部安装安装在一起,且固定座906的通孔915与推料摆件903的通孔919同轴。调节螺杆904的抵挡部910与限位件902的圆环形的抵挡部910为可顶接的位置对应关系。
伺服电机909带动调节蜗杆908旋转,调节蜗杆908与调节蜗轮907外周啮合带动调节蜗轮907旋转,调节蜗轮907的轴心螺孔与调节螺杆904的外螺纹部911螺纹配合,但因锁紧件905不可旋转地安装在固定座906上,锁紧件905的导向凸部914与调节螺杆904导向槽912配合约束调节螺杆904相对锁紧件905旋转,使调节螺杆904在调节蜗轮907的带动下实现
直线往复运动,从而改变调节螺杆904与推料杆之间的最大间距,实现调节推料杆的行程目的。
实施例8
与实施例5不同的是,如图70所示,镦锻机还包括向主模组件方向依次安装在机体941上、轴线平行且在同一水平面上的第一传动轴942、曲轴943,轴线与第一传动轴942轴线垂直且在同一水平面上的第二传动轴944,第二传动轴944安装在机体941一侧的外侧。在机体941后侧凸设有两支撑部945;第一传动轴942的一端由内向外依次同轴固定有第一小齿轮946、由电机直接驱动的皮带轮947,另一端穿过机体941后侧左侧的支撑部945与右侧的支撑部945安装在一起。曲轴943的一端固定有与第一小齿轮946啮合的第一大齿轮948,曲轴943的另一端穿过机体941的左右两侧固定有第一圆锥齿轮949。在机体941的右侧设有两支撑部950;第二传动轴944的一端同轴固定有与第一圆锥齿轮949啮合的第二圆锥齿轮951并安装在机体941的支撑部950,另一端穿过主模座952、支撑部950固定有第三圆锥齿轮953。第二圆锥齿轮951与第一圆锥齿轮949的传动比为2:1。电机(未示出)通过皮带(未示出)带动皮带轮947转动,皮带轮947带动第一传动轴942、第一小齿轮946转动;第一小齿轮946转动带动与之啮合的第一大齿轮948转动,从而带动曲轴943、第一圆锥齿轮949转动;第一圆锥齿轮949转动,带动第二圆锥齿轮951转动,从而带动第二传动轴944和第三圆锥齿轮953转动。
如图70、图71所示,顶料机构的凸轮轴驱动机构包括与第三圆锥齿轮953啮合的第四圆锥齿轮954,朝下同轴安装在第四圆锥齿轮954上的第三传动轴955,同轴安装在第三传动轴955的第五圆锥齿轮956,与第五圆锥齿轮956啮合的第六圆锥齿轮957,凸轮轴958同轴安装在第六圆锥齿轮957上并支撑在机体941上。
上顶出装置的摆杆驱动凸轮959安装安装在第二传动轴944上,驱动凸轮959置于第二圆锥齿轮951与主模座952之间。摆杆960与曲轴943平行,摆杆960枢接在右侧机体941的顶面上,下端通过摆杆滚轮961与驱动凸轮959顶接,上端设有球面轴承963与耐磨块964顶接。
如图71、图72所示,主模座驱动机构,包括驱动凸轮962、与驱动凸轮962顶接配合的两组滚轮965。主模座952的一端设有与主模座952滑动方向与第三传动轴955配合的轴避空槽966,还设有与轴避空槽966垂直且连通、贯通轴避空槽966的两个槽壁的、垂直第三传动轴955的凸轮避空槽967。驱动凸轮962置于凸轮避空槽967内并安装在穿过轴避空槽966的第三传动轴955上,滚轮965通过滚轮座968安装在第三传动轴955的两侧,滚轮965的轴线与第三传动轴955平行,滚轮965均可与驱动凸轮962顶接。
第三传动轴955旋转带动驱动凸轮962旋转,驱动凸轮962推动滚轮965,从而使主模座952实现往复直线运动。
实施例9
如图73、图74所示,与实施例1不同的是,制件长度调节装置设置在主模座991内;顶棒导套992内还设有与导向孔1002同轴的螺纹孔993,螺纹孔993的孔径大于导向孔1002的孔径;顶棒导套992的一端具有六角调节头994;制件长度调节装置包括设有外螺纹部的螺杆995、顶棒导套992内的螺纹孔993和外周的六角调节头994;在螺杆995上还设有与顶棒996的杆部配合的轴向的避空孔997,在主模座991的容置孔998远离镦锻凹模安装孔的一端设有与螺杆995头配合的螺杆头安装孔999,螺杆头安装孔999的孔径大于容置孔998的孔径;在主模座991上还设有与容置孔998连通并与主模座991的顶面贯通的凹槽1000;顶棒导套992的螺纹孔993螺纹连接在螺杆995的外螺纹部上,螺杆995头不可转动地安装在螺杆995头安装孔内,顶棒导套992的六角调节头994与主模座991的凹槽1000连通。
该结构,可在主模座991外将螺杆995与顶棒导套992组装起来,然后一同安装到主模座991内,这样,便于安装和拆卸顶棒导套992;另外,当设置了凹槽1000后,且又在顶棒导套992的一端设有六角调节头994,因此,在未拆卸顶棒导套992前,工具通过凹槽1000夹持到六角调节头994上也可对顶棒导套992进行调节,因此,对顶棒导套992的调节更加的方便;在主模座991上设有用于锁紧顶棒导套992的锁紧螺钉1001。紧固锁紧螺钉1001后,能限制顶棒导套992运动,从而能较为精确的保证镦锻坯料的尺寸,提高成型件的合格率;顶棒996的前端具有限位端,顶棒996的后端伸入到螺杆995的避空孔997内。
实施例10
如图75、图76所示,与实施例1不同的是,顶料机构的顶棒驱动装置包括凸设在机体1021后侧的安装座1022、滑块1023、肘杆机构、顶料机构的前后位置调整机构。
安装座1022上设有供滑块1023沿顶棒1025顶出方向滑动的滑动槽1024,在滑动槽1024内设有避空肘杆机构并连通滑动槽1024和安装座1022底部的避空孔1026,在安装座1022背离机体1021的一侧设有提供顶料机构的前后位置调整机构运动的调整空间1027。
肘杆机构包括顶料伺服电机1028、凸轮1029、一端可转动地枢接在一起的第一连杆1030、第二连杆1031、第三连杆1032。回转驱动件为第一连杆1030、第二连杆1031、第三连杆1032。
顶料机构的前后位置调整机构包括调整座1033,调整螺杆1034,调整伺服电机1035。
滑块1023安装在安装座1022的滑动槽1024上且与顶棒1025螺纹连接,并与第一连杆1030的另一端枢接;第二连杆1031的另一端穿过安装座1022的避空孔1026与安装在顶料伺服电机1028上的凸轮1029枢接,顶料伺服电机1028安装安装在安装座1022的底部;第三连杆1032的另一端与调整座1033枢接。调整螺杆1034与调整伺服电机1035的输出轴轴接并沿顶棒1025顶出方向与调整座1033上的螺纹孔螺纹连接,调整座1033设置在调整空间1027内,调整伺服电机1035安装安装在安装座1022上。
肘杆机构带动滑块1023在滑动槽1024上往复来回运动,从而带动顶棒1025实现顶出和复位的动作。调整伺服电机1035通过控制调整螺杆1034的转动使调整座1033在顶棒1025顶出方向上产生往复位移,从而实现顶料机构前后位置调整。
本发明公开的实施例均是一个剪料位,一个递料及镦锻位,四个镦锻位,及分别与一个递料及镦锻位、四个镦锻位正对的五个冲头座。在实际应用中,可以一个剪料位、一个递料及镦锻位,一个镦锻位,及分别与一个递料及镦锻位、一个镦锻位正对的两个冲头座。也可以为一个剪料位、一个递料及镦锻位,两个镦锻位,及分别与一个递料及镦锻位、两个镦锻位正对的三个冲头座。也可以为一个剪料位、一个递料及镦锻位,三个镦锻位,及分别与一个递料及镦锻位、三个镦锻位正对的四个冲头座。甚至可以更多的镦锻位对应更多的冲头座。这些实施方式,只是增加或减少镦锻位和冲模个数,根据本发明的实施例完全可以实施,故不再详述。
Claims (27)
- 一种镦锻机,包括机体、可来回滑动地安装在机体上的大滑块、安装在大滑块上的冲模组件及驱动大滑块来回滑动的大滑块驱动机构、主模组件、安装在机体上的顶料机构及线材送料机构;冲模组件包括冲模座;其特征在于:还包括安装在机体上的推料机构;所述的主模组件包括主模座、顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置;在主模座内设有一个以上镦锻凹模安装孔、仅一个贯穿主模座的剪料模安装孔;在主模座内对应于镦锻凹模安装孔的位置设有容置孔,容置孔与镦锻凹模安装孔同轴,容置孔贯通镦锻凹模安装孔的底面和主模座,容置孔的孔径小于镦锻凹模安装孔的孔径;在每个容置孔内安装有一个所述的顶杆导套,顶杆导套被轴向限位在容置孔内;所述的顶杆包括头部和杆部;在顶杆导套内设有与顶杆的杆部配合的导向孔;在每个顶杆导套内安装有一个所述的顶杆,顶杆的杆部可来回滑动地安装在顶杆导套的导向孔内,顶杆的头部被顶杆导套轴向限位在顶杆导套外且朝向主模组件安装孔,顶杆被顶杆导套轴向限位在容置孔内;所述的制件长度调节装置设置在主模座上与顶杆导套上、用来调节顶杆导套在容置孔的轴向位置;在机体上依次设有剪料位、递料及镦锻位、一个以上的镦锻位;在剪料位,在机体上设有剪料套安装孔,所述的线材送料机构置于剪料位;在递料及镦锻位,设有所述的推料机构;所述的推料机构包括推料杆、推料杆导套、驱动推料杆在推料杆导套内来回直线运动地回转驱动件、驱动机构;在递料及镦锻位,在机体上设有推料杆导套安装通孔;所述的推料杆导套安装在推料杆导套安装孔内、并固定在机体上,推料杆可来回直线运动地安装在推料杆导套内;在镦锻位均设有所述的顶料机构,所述的顶杆与顶料机构配合;所述的顶料机构包括顶棒、顶棒导套、驱动顶棒在顶棒导套内来回直线运动地回转驱动件、驱动机构;在镦锻位,在机体上均设有顶棒导套安装通孔;所述的顶棒导套安装在顶棒导套安装通孔内、并固定在机体上,顶棒可来回直线运动地安装在顶棒导套内;推料机构的回转驱动件在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离大于顶料机构的回转驱动件在顶出方向的最大行程的直线距离;冲模座与大滑块固定;冲模座的个数比主模座上的镦锻凹模安装孔的个数多一个或相等,冲模座等距分布,冲模座的轴线共面,相邻两冲模座轴线间的距离等于镦锻凹模安装孔的轴线与剪料模安装孔的轴线间的距离;所述的镦锻机还包括固定在机体上的主模座导向装置,驱动主模座在主模座导向装置在垂直镦锻凹模安装孔轴线方向来回滑动的主模座驱动机构;主模座可来回滑动地安装在主模座导向装置上,主模座的剪料模安装孔在剪料位与递料及镦锻位之间来回滑动;主模座上的剪料模安装孔置于剪料位,与一冲冲模座共轴的镦锻凹模安装孔置于递料及镦锻位;主模座上的剪料模安装孔置于递料及镦锻位,与一冲冲模座共轴。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的机体包括机架;所述的机架包括机架体和安装主模组件的机架座;在机架座上设有容置腔,所述的主模座导向装置安装在容置腔内;在容置腔上设有安装所述主模组件的开口;所述的主模座可在主模座导向装置上来回滑动地安装在机架座的容置腔内;被轴向限位的顶杆导套和顶杆完全容置在主模座的容置孔内;所述的制件长度调节装置设置在主模座上;所述的剪料套安装孔、推料杆导套安装通孔、一个以上的导料套安装通孔设置在机架体上并与容置腔连通,设有剪料套安装孔、推料杆导套安装通孔、一个以上的导料套安装通孔的机架体形成机架座的容置腔的一个侧壁或一个侧壁的一部分;所述的主模座朝向顶料机构的一侧且置于机架体内的部分完全被机体抵挡。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的机体包括机架;所述的机架包括机架体和安装主模组件的机架座;在机架座上设有容置腔,在容置腔的底面和两侧安装有主模座导轨,安装在容置腔的底面和两侧的主模座导轨形成主模座导向槽,所述的主模座导向装置为主模座导向槽;在容置腔上设有安装所述主模组件的开口;所述的主模组件还包括安装在主模座底面的两组以上滚轮装置;可来回滑动地置于主模座导轨上,所述的主模座安装在机架座的容置腔内。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的大滑块还包括安装在大滑块底面的两组以上滚轮装置。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的制件长度调节装置设置在主模座内;所述的顶杆导套内还设有与导向孔同轴的螺纹孔,螺纹孔的孔径大于导向孔的孔径;顶杆导套的外周设有调节部;所述的制件长度调节装置包括设有外螺纹部的螺杆、所述的顶杆导套内的螺纹孔和外周的调节部;在螺杆上还设有与顶杆的杆部配合的轴向的避空孔,在主模座的容置孔远离镦锻凹模安装孔的一端设有与螺杆头配合的螺杆头安装孔,螺杆头安装孔的孔径大于容置孔的孔径;在主模座上还设有与容置孔连通并与主模座的顶面贯通的避空空间;顶杆导套的螺纹孔螺纹连接在螺杆的外螺纹部上,螺杆头不可转动地安装在螺杆头安装孔内,顶杆导套的调节部与主模座的避空空间连通。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的制件长度调节装置设置在主模座内;在所述的顶杆导套外周设有外螺纹部;所述的制件长度调节装置包括第一蜗杆、第一蜗轮、设置在第一蜗轮内的内螺纹孔、设置在顶杆导套外周的所述外螺纹部、约束顶杆导套旋转的顶杆导套止转机构;在主模座上还设有与主模座上的容置孔连通并与主模座的一个侧面贯通的避空空间;第一蜗轮置于主模座的避空空间与容置孔连通的位置,第一蜗轮的内螺纹孔螺纹连接在顶杆导套的外螺纹部上,第一蜗杆安装在主模座的避空空间内与第一蜗轮啮合。
- 如权利要求6所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的制件长度调节装置还包括第一伺服伺服电机,与第一蜗杆同轴固定的第一锥齿轮,与第一伺服电机输出轴固定的第二锥齿轮;第一锥齿轮和第二椎齿轮啮合伺服电机。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于其特征在于:所述的推料机构包括推料杆行程调节机构。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的顶料机构包括顶棒、顶棒导套、驱动顶棒在顶棒导套内来回直线运动的回转驱动件、驱动机构、当制件长度发生变化时调整顶棒前后位置的前后位置调整机构;在机体上设有顶棒导套安装通孔;所述的顶棒导套安装在顶棒导套安装通孔内并固定在机体上,顶棒可来回直线运动地安装在顶棒导套内;所述的驱动机构包括仅用来驱动回转驱动件回转运动的驱动伺服电机;回转驱动件与顶棒的端部安装在一起。
- 如权利要求9所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的顶料机构还包括顶棒驱动件、滑座;所述的驱动伺服电机安装在滑座上;回转驱动件包括仅可转动地与滑座安装在一起、由所述的驱动伺服电机驱动的偏心轮,偏心安装在偏心轮上的驱动轴;在顶棒驱动件上设有与驱动轴配合的滑孔;驱动轴伸入滑孔内;顶棒驱动件与顶棒的端部安装在一起,回转驱动件通过顶棒驱动件与顶棒安装在一起;在滑座和机体间设有相互配合地导向装置,前后位置调整机构通过调节滑座与顶棒导套之间的距离来调整顶棒的前后位置。
- 如权利要求10所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的顶料机构的前后位置调整机构包括调整伺服电机,与调整伺服电机输出轴固定的螺杆,设置在滑座上的螺纹孔,与机体固定的调整伺服电机安装座;调整伺服电机安装在调整伺服电机安装座上,螺杆与调整伺服电机的输出轴固定并与滑座上的螺纹孔螺纹连接。
- 如权利要求9所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的顶料机构还包括顶棒驱动件;所述的驱动伺服电机安装在机体上;所述的回转驱动件包括仅可转动地与机体安装在一起、由所述的驱动伺服电机驱动的偏心轮,偏心安装在偏心轮上的驱动轴;在顶棒驱动件上设有与驱动轴配合的滑孔;驱动轴伸入滑孔内;顶棒驱动件与顶棒的端部安装在一起,回转驱动件通过顶棒驱动件与顶棒安装在一起;顶料机构的前后位置调整机构包括调整伺服电机、蜗杆、蜗轮、安装座、设置在顶棒一端的外螺纹部、限制顶棒相对蜗轮旋转的止转机构;在安装座上设有与顶棒的外螺纹部配合的内螺纹孔,与内螺纹孔连通并同轴的蜗轮安装孔,与蜗轮安装孔连通的蜗杆安装孔;蜗杆安装孔的轴线垂直内螺纹孔的轴线;在蜗杆上设有内通孔;伺服电机安装在安装座上,蜗杆的一端与伺服电机的输出轴固定,另一端安装在安装座上;蜗轮安装在蜗轮安装孔内并被限位在安装座内与蜗杆啮合,顶棒的外螺纹部穿过安装座上的内螺纹孔伸入蜗轮的内通孔内。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的推料机构还包括枢接在机体外侧 的杠杆;杠杆仅可转动的枢接在机体上,杠杆靠近枢接部的一端设有滑孔,在杠杆远离枢接部的一端设有驱动部,在推料杆导套上设有轴向导向孔和侧向导向孔,在推料杆上设有与杠杆的驱动部配合的驱动孔;推料杆安装在推料杆导套的轴向导向孔内,杠杆的驱动部穿过推料杆导套上的侧向导向孔伸入推料杆的驱动孔内;驱动机构包括与杠杆的滑孔配合的驱动轴,驱动轴可来回滑动地安装在杠杆的滑孔内。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:推料机构包括驱动件、推料组件;、推料组件包括推料导套、推料杆、弹簧导套、弹簧、螺母件;推料导套的一端径向凸设一个圆凸环,推料导套的轴心位置设有中心通孔,在中心通孔的孔壁径向凸设五个周向均布、轴向延伸的、花键形的导向槽,五个导向槽的端部围成一个导向孔;推料杆为阶梯轴,其依次包括推料小轴、推料大轴、推料中轴,在推料大轴的外周周向均布五条轴向的与导向槽配合的导向部,在推料中轴背离推料大轴的一端设有外螺纹部,推料小轴的外周与推料导套的导向孔配合;弹簧导套的轴心位置设有与推料中轴配合的通孔,在弹簧导套的外周中部凸设一个轴肩,在弹簧导套的一端设有与通孔同轴用于容置弹簧的沉孔;在递料及镦锻位,在机体上设有与推料导套的外周配合的的推料导套容置孔;推料杆的推料小轴从推料导套的圆凸环一侧穿入导向孔,推料大轴的导向部对应插入推料导套的导向槽中,推料导套安装在推料导套容置孔中;弹簧的一端安装在推料导套的沉孔内并凸出沉孔;推料杆的推料中轴的外螺纹部依次穿过弹簧导套的通孔、弹簧、与螺母件螺纹连接,弹簧一端被沉孔的底面抵挡,另一端被螺母件抵挡。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的主模座包括第一主模座和镶块式的第二主模座;所述的镦锻凹模安装孔、剪料模安装孔、与镦锻凹模安装孔连通的容置孔均设置在第二主模座上;所述的顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置安装在第二主模座上;在第一主模座上凹设有安装槽,安装槽贯穿第一主模座的两侧,第二主模座安装在第一主模座的安装槽内,镦锻凹模安装孔的轴线方向与安装槽的方向一致;所述的主模座驱动机构部分设置在第一主模座上。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的主模组件还包括镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模;所述的主模座为一体式结构;顶针包括头部和杆部,在镦锻凹模上设有制件容置孔和与顶针的杆部配合的导向孔;顶针的头部置于主模座的容置孔内,顶针的杆部伸入镦锻凹模的导向孔了,镦锻凹模安装在镦锻凹模安装孔内,剪料模安装在剪料模安装孔内;一个镦锻凹模安装孔对应一个镦锻凹模、一个顶针;所述的顶杆、顶杆导套及制件长度调节装置、主模座、镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模形成一个主模模块。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的镦锻机还包括包括两端支撑在机体上的曲轴;所述的大滑块驱动机构第一小滑块和第二小滑块;第一小滑块和第二小滑块合抱在所述曲轴的偏心轴上,所述曲轴的偏心轴与第一小滑块和第二小滑块仅可转动地安装在一起;第一小滑块和第二小滑块固定在一起;所述的大滑块包括滑块大镶件和滑块小镶件;在滑块大镶件上设有滑槽;在滑槽的两侧均设有第一导向平面;滑块小镶件固定在滑块大镶件上并封闭滑块大镶件上的滑槽;固定在一起的第一小滑块和第二小滑块仅可在第一导向平面上来回滑动地安装在滑块大镶件的滑槽内。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的线材送料机构包括固定座,在安装第二送料齿轮的第一从动轴上枢接有摆动件;在摆动件与固定座之间设有压合装置;所述的压合装置包括安装固定在机体上的气缸及气缸推杆,气缸推杆的一端设有径向的长圆形孔,长圆形孔的长度方向与气缸推杆端面平行,气缸推杆设有长圆形孔的一端通过连接轴与摆动件铰接连接,另一端与气缸的驱动轴连接;所述的气缸推杆的作用力作用在摆动件上。
- 如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的主模座驱动机构包括驱动拖板、驱动拖板驱动装置;在主模座上设有驱动拖板滑槽,驱动拖板滑槽与主模座运动方向垂直;驱动拖板可来回滑动地安装在在主模座的驱动拖板滑槽内;在驱动拖板上设有驱动槽,在主模座的驱动拖板滑槽位置固定有伸入或穿过驱动槽的驱动杆、可转动地安装在驱动杆上的驱动滚轮;驱动槽为弧形过渡的阶梯形,包括相互平行的第一平行部和第二平行部,连接第一平行部和第二平行部的连接部,第一平行部与主模座运动方向垂直,第一平行部与第二平行部相邻的两个平行侧面之间的最短距离与驱动滚轮的直径之和 等于镦锻凹模安装孔的轴线与剪料模安装孔的轴线间的距离;所述的驱动杆包括头部和杆部,驱动滚轮安装在驱动杆的杆部外,驱动杆的杆部穿过驱动拖板的驱动槽安装在主模座上,驱动杆的头部的直径大于驱动槽的宽度;驱动滚轮与驱动槽配合且可来回滑动地置于驱动槽内。
- 如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的主模座驱动机构包括伺服电机、设有驱动轴的驱动件、驱动滑件;驱动件安装在伺服电机的输出轴上,驱动轴的轴心偏离伺服电机输出轴的轴心;在主模座上设有驱动滑件滑孔;驱动滑件仅可转动地安装在驱动件的驱动轴上;驱动滑件可来回滑动地安装在驱动块滑孔内。
- 如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:主模座驱动机构包括设有驱动轴的主模驱动件及主模驱动肘杆机构;主模驱动肘杆结构包括第一连杆、第二连杆和第三连杆;驱动轴的轴心偏离安装主模驱动件的安装轴的轴心;主模驱动件仅可转动地安装在机体上;第一连杆的一端与驱动轴仅可转动地安装在一起,第一连杆的另一端与第二连杆的一端、第三连杆的一端枢接在一起;第二连杆的另一端枢接在与机体固定的枢接轴上;第三连杆的另一端枢接在主模座上。
- 如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的主模座驱动机构包括伺服电机、连杆、设有驱动轴的驱动件;驱动件安装在伺服电机的输出轴上;驱动轴的轴心偏离伺服电机输出轴的轴心;在主模座上设有连杆枢接轴;连杆一端可转动地安装在驱动件的驱动轴上,连杆的另一端仅可转动地安装在主模座的连杆枢接轴上。
- 如权利要求1至17任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的线材送料机构包括置于机体外侧的送料滑块装置、驱动送料滑块装置沿进料方向来回直线运动的送料驱动机构、设置在机体与送料滑块装置间的导向装置、气缸、相互配合用来夹持线材的上夹持件和下夹持件;所述的送料驱动机构包括仅用来驱动送料滑块装置沿进料方向来回直线运动的旋转型普通的送料伺服电机;在下夹持件上设有对线材周向限位的限位槽,限位槽沿线材进料方向设置;送料滑块装置的导向装置可沿线材进料方向来回滑动地安装在机体的导向装置上;在送料滑块装置上设有容置上夹持件和下夹持件的容置腔,容置腔沿线材进料方向的两侧开口;下夹持件置于容置腔的底面,气缸安装在容置腔的顶面,气缸的活塞杆穿过容置腔的顶壁与上夹持件固定,上夹持件与下夹持件正对。
- 如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:上顶出装置包括固定在传动轴上的摆杆驱动凸轮,摆杆,安装在摆杆上、与摆杆驱动凸轮配合的摆杆滚轮、安装在机体上并安装在摆杆中间位置并的摆杆轴、摆臂组件;摆杆驱动凸轮的内孔为内齿轮形孔,传动轴与摆杆驱动凸轮的内孔配合的部分为外齿轮形;摆杆远离摆杆滚轮的一端可与摆臂组件顶接。
- 如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机,其特征在于:所述的镦锻机还包括夹钳机构;在递料及镦锻位上和/或一个以上的镦锻位上设有所述的夹钳机构;单个所述的夹钳机构包括左钳体和右钳体,驱动左钳体和右钳体张合运动的夹钳驱动机构。
- 一种包含如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机的工作方法,其特征在于:在所述的每个冲模座内均安装有一个冲模;所述的主模组件还包括镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模;顶针包括头部和杆部,在镦锻凹模上设有制件容置孔和与顶针的杆部配合的导向孔;顶针的头部置于主模座的容置孔内,顶针的杆部伸入镦锻凹模的导向孔了,镦锻凹模安装在镦锻凹模安装孔内,剪料模安装在剪料模安装孔内;一个镦锻凹模安装孔对应一个镦锻凹模、一个顶针;镦锻机的工作方法包括以下步骤:(1)主模座内的剪料模置于剪料位,对应剪料位的线材经线材送料机构送入到主模座内的剪料模内;大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,安装在大滑块上的冲模组件朝向主模组件运动,递料及镦锻位的冲模将该冲模内的坯料、镦锻位的其它冲模将其制件冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模内并进行镦锻;镦锻完成后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块复位,即安装在大滑块上的冲模组件远离主模组件方向运动,制件留在相应的镦锻凹模内;(2)主模座驱动机构驱动主模组件滑动,主模座内的剪料模在从剪料位向递料及镦锻位滑动的过程中,安装在主模座内的剪料模将线材剪断实现全圆剪料,被剪断的线材形成镦锻制件所需的坯料;剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位,坯料随主模座内的剪料模一起运动到递料及镦 锻位;镦锻凹模内的制件随主模座一起运动到下一个镦锻位;(3)剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位主模座停止滑动后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,镦锻位的冲模对与其共轴的镦锻位的镦锻凹模内制件进行镦锻;镦锻完成后,大滑块朝向远离主模组件的方向运动过程中,最外侧的镦锻位的顶料机构的顶棒顶主模组件的顶杆、顶杆顶顶针将镦锻位的镦锻凹模内的制件成品顶出;其它镦锻位的顶料机构的顶棒顶主模组件的顶杆、顶杆顶顶针将与其对应的镦锻位的镦锻凹模内的制件顶入与其共轴的冲模内并脱离镦锻凹模;推料机构的推料杆将坯料送入到与其共轴的冲模内并脱离剪料模;步骤(1)至步骤(3)反复循环。
- 一种包含如权利要求1至18任意一项权利要求所述的一种镦锻机的工作方法,其特征在于:在所述的每个冲模座内均安装有一个冲模;所述的冲模组件还包括一个以上的冲模;所述的主模组件还包括镦锻凹模、顶针、剪料模;顶针包括头部和杆部,在镦锻凹模上设有制件容置孔和与顶针的杆部配合的导向孔;顶针的头部置于主模座的容置孔内,顶针的杆部伸入镦锻凹模的导向孔了,镦锻凹模安装在镦锻凹模安装孔内,剪料模安装在剪料模安装孔内;一个镦锻凹模安装孔对应一个镦锻凹模、一个顶针;所述的镦锻机还包括用来夹持制件的夹钳机构;在递料及镦锻位一个以上的位置设有所述的夹钳机构;所述的夹钳机构包括左甜体和右钳体,驱动左钳体和右钳体张合运动地夹钳驱动机构;镦锻机的工作方法包括以下步骤:(1)主模座内的剪料模置于剪料位,对应剪料位的线材经线材送料机构送入到主模座内的剪料模内;大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,安装在大滑块上的冲模组件朝向主模组件运动,递料及镦锻位的冲模将被夹钳机构夹持住的坯料冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模内的过程中夹钳张开,夹钳张开后递料及镦锻位的冲模继续对顶入镦锻凹模内的坯料进行镦锻;其它镦锻位的冲模将被夹钳机构夹持住的制件冲入与其共轴的镦锻凹模内的过程中夹钳张开,夹钳张开后其它镦锻位的冲模继续对顶入镦锻凹模内的制件进行镦锻;镦锻完成后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块复位,即安装在大滑块上的冲模组件远离主模组件方向运动,制件留在相应的镦锻凹模内;(2)主模座驱动机构驱动主模组件滑动,主模座内的剪料模在从剪料位向递料及镦锻位滑动的过程中,安装在主模座内的剪料模将线材剪断实现全圆剪料,被剪断的线材形成镦锻制件所需的坯料;剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位,坯料随主模座内的剪料模一起运动到递料及镦锻位;镦锻凹模内的制件随主模座一起运动到下一个镦锻位;(3)剪料模移动到递料及镦锻位主模座停止滑动后,大滑块驱动机构驱动大滑块运动,镦锻位的冲模对与其共轴的镦锻位的镦锻凹模内制件进行镦锻;镦锻完成后,大滑块开始朝向远离主模组件的方向运动过程中,最外侧的镦锻位的顶料机构的顶棒顶主模组件的顶杆、顶杆顶顶针将镦锻位的镦锻凹模内的制件成品顶出;其它镦锻位的顶料机构顶料过程中,该镦锻位上的夹钳闭合夹持制件且制件脱离镦锻凹模;推料机构的顶料过程中,递料及镦锻位的夹钳闭合夹持坯料且坯料脱离剪料模;步骤(1)至步骤(3)反复循环。
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