WO2011109974A1 - 一种凹模回转镦锻机及工作方法 - Google Patents

一种凹模回转镦锻机及工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011109974A1
WO2011109974A1 PCT/CN2010/074425 CN2010074425W WO2011109974A1 WO 2011109974 A1 WO2011109974 A1 WO 2011109974A1 CN 2010074425 W CN2010074425 W CN 2010074425W WO 2011109974 A1 WO2011109974 A1 WO 2011109974A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
die
thimble
die holder
fixed
adjusting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/074425
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨东佐
Original Assignee
Yang Dongzuo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yang Dongzuo filed Critical Yang Dongzuo
Publication of WO2011109974A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011109974A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21G—MAKING NEEDLES, PINS OR NAILS OF METAL
    • B21G3/00—Making pins, nails, or the like
    • B21G3/12—Upsetting; Forming heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
    • B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/022—Special design or construction multi-stage forging presses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a die rotary upsetting machine and a working method, and more particularly to a die rotary upsetting machine for a high speed forming fastener such as a fastener and a working method thereof. Background technique
  • the die In the existing upsetting machine, the die is generally fixed to the fuselage, and the transposition between the processes is realized by the back and forth movement of the punch or the clamping mechanism such as the clamp to clamp the blank from one die to the other.
  • This upsetting machine has a complicated structure and is particularly difficult to achieve high speed upsetting.
  • the invention patent of the patent number ZL87105260. 1 discloses a multi-station concave-die rotary high-speed upsetting machine which provides at least three or more concave molds on a rotary die holder.
  • the slider is to be provided with a die corresponding to the die of the die holder and having the same number: the adjusting mechanism for adjusting the length of the workpiece is composed of an adjusting sleeve, a retaining ring and an adjusting nut for uniformly adjusting the length of the workpiece;
  • the invention applies a space cam mechanism on a cold heading machine, and drives the concave die to be installed as an intermittent rotary motion to realize the transposition between the multiple steps of the cold heading machine.
  • the die rotary swaging machine disclosed in the invention comprises a double punch cold nail head machine HC produced by West German company disclosed in the prior art, and a ejector pin in the die and the die holder
  • HC double punch cold nail head machine
  • a ejector pin in the die and the die holder
  • the top needle is then inserted into the die holder by the action of the top material mechanism.
  • the upsetting machine in order to realize high-speed upsetting, since the ejector pin needs to be separated from the die seat when the die holder rotates, on the one hand, it is necessary to provide a ejector pin resetting mechanism for separating the ejector pin from the die holder.
  • the structure of the upsetting machine is complicated; on the other hand, the length of the top needle is long, and it is necessary to continuously enter and exit the die holder, and the top needle is easily damaged, such as a spring return device between the top needle and the die holder, the compression spring It is easy to damage and shorten the service life of the upsetting machine.
  • Other resetting structures will become particularly complicated; especially when high-speed upsetting is required, the top needle should repeatedly enter the die holder and be separated from the die holder. The forging cycle takes a long time, thus greatly reducing the upsetting efficiency.
  • Patent No. ZL87105260. 1 invention patent and there is no reset mechanism for the top needle.
  • the rotation of the die rotary device of HC is realized by the gear and the rack.
  • the rotary device When the gears of the rack and the die swivel are engaged, the rotary device is driven to rotate, and when the gears of the rack and the die swivel are disengaged, the concave is concave.
  • the die turning device stops rotating, and at the same time, the die rotating device is restrained within a fixed angle by the positioning pin in the positioning mechanism. It points out that "at high speed, the repeated engagement of the rack and pinion and the repeated insertion and withdrawal of the locating pin and pin hole will produce impact, vibration and noise; and because of the wear of these two pairs of motion, the accuracy and service life of the machine are reduced.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a die-turning forging machine which can realize high-speed upsetting, which does not need to be separated from the die but rotates with the die when the die holder is rotated.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a working method of a die rotary upsetting machine which can realize high-speed upsetting without the need for the ejector to be separated from the die when the die holder is rotated, but which rotates with the die.
  • a concave die rotary upsetting machine comprising a large sliding block, a die assembly fixed on the large sliding block, a large sliding block driving mechanism for moving the large sliding block back and forth, a concave die assembly, a cutting material clamping mechanism, and a workpiece top a die-receiving device for rotating the die to a set position, a die positioning device for stopping the die at the set position, a topping mechanism;
  • the die assembly includes a die that can only rotate relative to the frame a two or more concave molds uniformly distributed in the die holder along the circumference of the die;
  • Corresponding to the position of each thimble is provided with a chute;
  • the ejector mechanism comprises a thimble having one end mounted in the concave die in one-to-one correspondence with the concave die, a friction sliding block installed in the sliding groove, and a
  • the outer diameter of the ejector rod toward the end of the escaping hole is smaller than the aperture of the escaping hole, the friction slider and the thimble
  • the contact surface of the limit resisting member is larger than the aperture of the avoidance hole.
  • the thimble limit abutting member resists the friction slider, and the friction slider resists the thimble, and the workpiece ejection mechanism that needs to be designed to move back and forth corresponding to the thimble in each die is not required. It is only necessary to set the workpiece ejection mechanism at the discharge position, so that the structure of the upsetting machine is simple, the debugging is simple and easy, and the cost is low; especially in the rotation process of the die holder, the thimble does not need to be separated from the die holder, and the thimble is greatly shortened.
  • the movement stroke ensures the smoothness of the ejector ejecting blank, improves the working efficiency and service life of the thimble, and makes it easier to achieve rapid upsetting.
  • the friction slider Due to the increased friction slider structure, during the rotation process, the friction slider has a relative frictional movement with respect to the thimble limit abutting member, and the top has no relative movement with respect to the friction slider, so that the die holder is rotated relative to the thimble limit abutting member.
  • the friction generated by the contact surface acts on the slider without acting on the thimble, so the thimble is not easily broken, ensuring that the four-die seat can achieve high-speed rotation and improve the service life of the thimble.
  • the thimble limit abutting member adjusting mechanism adjusts the position of the thimble in the concave mold by adjusting the distance between the thimble limit abutting member and the die holder, and when forging the workpiece of different lengths having the same diameter and forming in the concave mold There is no need to replace the ejector pin and the die.
  • the adjustment of the thimble position in all the die is adjusted once, which overcomes the current multi-station upsetting machine. Each station must be adjusted separately, the structure is complicated, the debugging is troublesome, and it takes time and effort. And other shortcomings, improve work efficiency and reduce equipment costs.
  • the thimble limit abutment adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting post fixed to the thimble limiting abutting member, the first adjusting member and the second adjusting member passing through the adjusting post, the first bolt and the two first adjusting nuts a pressure spring mounted on the first bolt and disposed between the first adjusting member and the second adjusting member; the first adjusting member adjacent to the die holder is fixed to the body, and the adjusting column is matched with the first adjusting member, away from the concave mold
  • the second adjusting member of the seat is fixed to the adjusting column, one end of the first bolt is fixed on the first adjusting member, and the other end of the first bolt passes through the second adjusting member and is matched with the second adjusting member, and the adjusting nut is installed at the A bolt is placed on a side of the second adjusting member away from the first adjusting member.
  • the adjustment structure is convenient for adjusting the position of the thimble relative to the die holder. Only two adjustment nuts need to be adjusted to adjust the position of all the thimbles, and the ejector pins of each station of the current multi-station upsetting machine need to be separately adjusted. Compared, adjustment is very convenient.
  • the thimble limit abutting member adjusting mechanism comprises a second bolt and a limit sleeve which are only rotatable and non-axially movable; and a guiding hole for the thimble limit abutting member is provided on the body body, and the guiding hole and the thimble limit are
  • the rotation preventing mechanism is arranged between the position resisting members to prevent the thimble limit resisting member from rotating relative to the body, and the thimble restricting resisting member and the guiding hole are matched with each other; the second bolt is away from the die holder and the rotating clamping end is at the end.
  • the second bolt is provided with a limiting boss near the rotating clamping end, and the second bolt is close to the concave
  • One end of the die holder is a threaded end; the limiting sleeve is fixed to the body, and a stepped hole is formed in the limiting sleeve to cooperate with the second bolt and the limiting boss, and the large hole of the stepped hole faces the side of the die holder;
  • the threaded end of the bolt passes through the thimble limit abutting member, and the second bolt is threadedly engaged with the thimble limit abutting member.
  • the adjustment structure is simple, and it is convenient to adjust the position of the thimble relative to the die holder.
  • the die positioning device comprises a first swing drive shaft, a drive mechanism of the first swing drive shaft, a first swing fixed to the first swing drive shaft, and a second swing shaft fixed to the body, only a second swinging member pivotally connected to the second swinging shaft, a positioning rod, a positioning rod guide sleeve fixed to the body, and a second return spring;
  • the positioning rod includes two small ends, and extends into the concave mold toward the small end of the concave mold base Inside the seat, the small end away from the die seat passes through the guide sleeve and is provided with a mounting hole of the second pendulum on the small end, the second return spring is installed between the guide sleeve and the positioning rod, and one end of the second pendulum protrudes into the guide In the mounting hole of the sleeve, the other end of the second pendulum can abut the first pendulum.
  • the positioning rod When the die holder needs to be stopped and there is no external driving force, the positioning rod extends into the die holder under the action of the second return spring, so that the inertia can be overcome to make the die holder accurately and reliably stay at the set position.
  • the positioning lever When the die holder needs to be rotated, the positioning lever is separated from the die holder by the driving force of the driving mechanism.
  • the die indexing device includes a first transmission tooth disposed on a circumference of the die holder, and a disc provided with a second transmission tooth that meshes with the first transmission tooth, and the drive disc rotates.
  • the die indexing device is provided with a partial gear on the disc, and the structure is simple.
  • a die holder is disposed outside the die holder, and a first end cover and a second end cap for limiting the die holder in the die sleeve are disposed at both ends of the die holder, first The end cover is adjacent to the die assembly, the first end cover is fixed on the die holder, the second end cover is fixed on the die holder and is constrained in the die holder; the position of the die holder corresponding to the disc is set There are hollow holes for avoiding empty discs. The first end cap and the second end cap simply and reliably limit the female mold seat to the female mold holder only rotatably.
  • the cutting material clamping mechanism comprises a cutting rod, a cutting rod driving mechanism for driving the reciprocating rod of the cutting rod, a cutting knife fixed on the cutting rod, and a cutting knife matching clip.
  • the material feeding mechanism comprises a clamping knife, and the cutting knife and the clamping knife cooperate with each other to form a receiving portion for holding the blank, so that the clamping knife and the cutting knife are opened and the blank is set.
  • Positioning cutter opening mechanism further comprising a receiving portion for resetting and closing the cutting knife relative to the cutting knife to form a holding blank, and limiting the clamping mechanism for restricting the movement of the clamping knife during the cutting of the blank a resetting mechanism; in the feeding position, the width of the receiving portion of the holding blank in the moving direction of the cutting blade is larger than the diameter of the blank; in the trimming position, the clamping knife is fixed relative to the cutting knife, and the receiving portion of the blank is held No change.
  • the trimming position is from the cutting knife and the clamping knife acting on the blank to deform the blank to the blank being The position where the cut is located, that is, the position in which the blank is cut.
  • the clamping knife is completely fixed with respect to the cutting knife, that is, the receiving portion of the holding blank does not change, so that the blank is not deflected and shaken during the cutting process, so that the cutting is cut.
  • the bottom of the blank is flat, which is equivalent to the effect of a full round cut. Since the bottom of the cut blank is flattened and sent to the next step for upsetting, the force acting on the blank is balanced, and the blank is not deflected and shaken during molding, and the forming quality of the workpiece is high and the precision is high.
  • a working method of a concave die swivel forging machine comprises: during the rotation of the die holder, the thimble rotates synchronously with the die holder, the thimble remains stationary with respect to the die holder, and the thimble abutment does not move.
  • a thimble limit abutting member adjusting mechanism for adjusting a distance between the thimble limit abutting member and the die holder is further provided;
  • a guiding post fixed to the die holder is disposed on a side of the die holder away from the die assembly, a sliding slot is arranged on the guiding column corresponding to each thimble, and a friction sliding block is arranged in the sliding slot, and an end of the thimble away from the die holder contacts the friction slider and is resisted by the limit position;
  • the thimble limit abutting member and The body is fixed, the surface of the friction slider contacting the thimble limit abutting member is larger than the aperture of the escaping hole, and the end of the friction slider away from the thimble contacts the thimble limit abutting member and is resisted by the thimble limit abutting member;
  • the working method comprises: during the rotation of the die holder, the thimble and the friction slider rotate synchronously with the die holder, the thimble limit abutting member does not move, the thimble and the friction slider remain stationary with respect to the die holder, the friction slider and the thimble
  • the contact of the limit abutting member generates a sliding friction force, and there is no sliding friction between the thimble and the friction slider, and between the thimble and the thimble limit abutting member.
  • the number of the die is two more than the number of the die, including the die at the feeding position, the die at the discharge position, and the die corresponding to the die in one-to-one correspondence;
  • the material position is provided with a blank propelling mechanism in the concave mold for pushing the blank into the feeding position, and a large sliding block on the side of the die is provided with an emptying shearing mechanism, a blanking space of the blank pushing mechanism, and a corresponding discharging position.
  • the die is rotated by the die of the feeding position to the die of the forming position, the die of the discharging position, and rotated to the die of the adjacent position, that is, after rotating the angle of 360°/the number of the die, in the concave
  • the die positioning device and the die indexing device work together to stop the die holder from rotating at the set position; During the process, the transfer of the workpiece in the die from the previous process to the subsequent process and the die movement of the discharge position to the feeding position are performed, and the die at the feeding position is moved to the molding position; the die holder is stopped, and the blank is advanced.
  • the mechanism clamps the trimming and clamping mechanism into the concave mold of the feeding position of the feeding position, moves the die to the concave mold direction and performs upsetting for the workpiece in the corresponding concave mold, and the workpiece ejection mechanism will
  • the workpiece formed in the die of the ejection position is ejected; after the billet advancement mechanism, the die and the ejection mechanism complete the corresponding action and are reset, the die is rotated by the cooperation of the die positioning mechanism and the die indexing device.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that since the thimble limit abutting member is fixed to the die holder or the body, the thimble always rotates together with the die holder during the rotation of the die holder, so that only the workpiece ejection mechanism needs to be disposed at the discharge position. Especially during the rotation of the die holder, the thimble does not need to be separated from the die holder, which makes it easier to achieve rapid upsetting and improve work efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the removal of a body, a flywheel, and the like of a female die swaging machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of Figure 1 projected from another direction.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing only a partial structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing only a partial structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective exploded view showing the material cutting mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing only a partial structure of a second embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a die rotary upsetting machine includes a die assembly, a die assembly driving mechanism for moving the die assembly back and forth relative to the die assembly, a die assembly, a trimming mechanism, and only a workpiece ejector mechanism disposed at the discharge position, a die indexing device for rotating the die to a set angle, and a die positioning device for stopping the die at the set position, a top material mechanism.
  • the die assembly drive mechanism includes a crankshaft 1, a link 2 mounted on the crankshaft 1, and a large slider 3 rotatably pivotally coupled to the link 2.
  • the die assembly includes a die pad 4 fixed to the large slider 3, and three die which are fixed on the die pad 4, that is, a die 5, a die 72, and a die 73.
  • the die assembly includes a die holder 6 fixed to the body, a die sleeve 7 mounted in the die holder 6 and fixed to the die holder 6, and a die rotatably mounted in the die sleeve 7.
  • the seat 8 uniformly distributes five concave molds fixed in the die holder 8 along the circumferential direction of the die holder.
  • the angle between the central axis of the adjacent die and the central axis of the die holder is 72°. Limiting the die holder 8 to the die sleeve 7
  • the first end cap 10 and the second end cap 11 are inside.
  • a base 12 fixed to the body is further disposed on a side of the die holder 6 away from the die.
  • the first end cover 10 is adjacent to the die, the first end cover 10 is fixed on the die holder 6, and the second end cover 11 is fixed at
  • the die holder S is placed in the die holder 6 by the base 12.
  • the number of the die is two more than the number of the die, including a die 77 at the feeding position, a die 76 at the discharge position, and a die 9 corresponding to the die 5 and a die corresponding to the die 72.
  • a die 77 corresponding to the feeding position on one side of the die is provided with a blank pushing mechanism for pushing the blank into the die at the feeding position, and a large slip on the side of the die
  • Block 3 is provided with a cutout shearing mechanism, a blanking space for the blank advancement mechanism, and a discharge avoidance position when the workpiece is ejected corresponding to the discharge position.
  • the shelter space and the discharge avoidance space include a cutout 44 provided on the slider 3 corresponding to the discharge position and the feed position.
  • the billet advancing mechanism includes a pusher cam 52 fixed to the crankshaft 1, a roller 54 having a one end abutting against the pusher cam 52, a pusher swinging member 53, a gear shaft 55 fixed to the pusher swinging member 53, and fixed to the gear shaft 55.
  • the upper push cylindrical gear 56, the push rod 57, the pusher return return spring 58, and the push rod 57 are provided with drive teeth 59 that mesh with the push cylindrical gear 56.
  • the pusher spring return spring 58 is connected to the pusher member 53, and one end is connected to the body.
  • a roller 54 is attached to the end of the pusher member 53, and a gear shaft 55 is fixed to the other end of the pusher member 53.
  • the die positioning device comprises a first swing drive shaft 13, a drive mechanism of the first swing drive shaft 13, a first swing member 14 fixed to the first swing drive shaft 13, and a fixed block 15 fixed to the first swing member 14, fixed a ram 16 on the fixed block 15 , a second swinging shaft (not shown) fixed to the body, and a second swinging member 17 rotatably pivotally connected to the second swinging shaft, the positioning rod 18 is fixed to the body
  • the positioning rod 18 includes two small ends, and extends into the die holder 8 toward the small end of the die holder 8, and the small end away from the die holder 8 passes through the guide sleeve 19 and
  • a second mounting spring 21 is disposed on the small end, and a second return spring 20 is mounted between the guide sleeve and the positioning rod 18.
  • the driving mechanism of the first swing driving shaft 13 includes a first transmission gear 22 fixed to the crankshaft 1, a second transmission gear 23 meshing with the first transmission gear 22, and a first transmission shaft 24 fixed to the second transmission gear 23.
  • the first cam 31 on.
  • a first roller 32 is mounted on one side of the first swinging member 14, and the first cam 31 abuts against the first roller 32.
  • the workpiece ejecting mechanism includes a second cam 33 fixed to the third propeller shaft 30, a third swinging member 34 fixed to the first swinging member drive shaft 13, and a second roller 35 mounted on the third swinging member 34.
  • the ejector lever 35 on the three-piece swinging member 34, the ejector lever 36 which can be abutted against the ejector lever 35, the sleeve 37 fixed to the body, the ejector lever 38 which can abut against the ejector lever 36, and the ejector lever 38 abut the discharge The thimble 39 of the position.
  • One end of the jack 36 and the ejector rod 38 extend into the sleeve 37, respectively.
  • a return spring is placed over the third jack 36, and a return spring 60 is placed between the sleeve 37 and the jack 36.
  • a guide post 41 is disposed on a side of the second end cap 11 away from the female die, and a sliding groove 42 is provided on the guide post 41 corresponding to the position of each of the ejector pins 39.
  • the top material mechanism comprises a thimble 39 which is installed at one end in the concave mold and corresponds to the concave mold, a friction slider 43 installed in the sliding groove 42, a thimble limit resisting member 40 for limiting the friction sliding block 43 and adjusting a thimble limit abutting member adjusting mechanism for the distance between the thimble limit abutting member 40 and the die holder 8: one end of the thimble 39 away from the die holder 8 is in contact with the friction slider 43 and is resisted by the friction slider 43; One end of the block 43 away from the thimble 39 is in contact with the thimble limiting abutment member 40 and is resisted by the thimble limiting abutment member 40.
  • the thimble limit abutment member 40 is mounted in the base 12 and fixed to the base 12.
  • a vacant hole 61 is provided at a position corresponding to the ejector rod 38 on the thimble limit abutting member 40.
  • the outer diameter of the ejector rod 38 toward the escaping hole 61 is smaller than the aperture of the escaping hole 61, and the friction slider 43 is larger than the escaping The aperture of the aperture 61.
  • the die indexing device includes a first drive tooth 49 disposed on the circumference of the die holder 8, a disk 51 provided with a second drive tooth 50 that meshes with the first drive tooth 49, and a disk drive that drives the disk 51 to rotate
  • the second transmission tooth 50 occupies a circumference of the disc 51 of 1/5 disc circumference; at the position corresponding to the disc of the concave sleeve 7 and the die holder 6, a hollow hole for avoiding the empty disc is provided. (not shown).
  • the disk drive mechanism includes a fifth bevel gear 62 fixed to the second transmission shaft 27, a sixth bevel gear 63 meshing with the fifth bevel gear 62, and a fourth transmission shaft 64 fixed to the sixth bevel gear 63, and The seventh bevel gear 65 fixed to the fourth transmission shaft 64, the eighth bevel gear 66 meshing with the seventh bevel gear 65, and the fifth transmission shaft 67 fixed to the eighth bevel gear 66 are fixed to the fifth transmission shaft 67.
  • the ninth bevel gear 68, the tenth bevel gear 69 meshing with the ninth bevel gear 68, and the sixth transmission shaft 70 fixed to the tenth bevel gear 69, the disc 51 is fixed to the sixth transmission shaft 70.
  • the thimble limit abutment adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting post 38 fixed to the thimble limiting abutting member 40, a first adjusting member 45 and a second adjusting member 46 passing through the adjusting post 38, a first bolt 71 and two first adjusting nuts 48, a compression spring 47 mounted on the first bolt 71 and disposed between the first adjustment member 45 and the second adjustment member 46; the first adjustment member 45 adjacent to the die holder is fixed to the body, the adjustment post 38 and the first adjustment The second adjustment member 46 away from the die holder is fixed to the adjustment post 38.
  • One end of the first bolt 71 is fixed on the first adjustment member 45, and the other end of the first bolt 71 passes through the second adjustment.
  • the whole piece 46 is in clearance fit with the second adjusting member 46, and the adjusting nut 48 is mounted on the first bolt 71 and placed on the side of the second adjusting member 46 away from the first adjusting member 45.
  • the second abutting member 46 moves in the direction of the die or away from the die by rotating the first adjusting nut 48.
  • the second abutting member 46 moves in the direction of the die, the distance between the thimble limiting abutting member 40 and the die holder 8 becomes shorter, the distance in which the thimble 39 is placed in the die becomes longer, and the length of the workpiece becomes shorter; the second abutting member 46 Moving away from the die direction, the distance between the thimble stopper abutting member 40 and the die holder 8 becomes long, and the distance at which the ejector pin 39 is placed in the die and the die holder 8 becomes short, and the length of the workpiece becomes long.
  • the trimming material clamping mechanism includes a trimming seat 137, a trimming rod 139 that is slidably mounted back and forth in the trimming seat 137 through the pressing plate 138, and a shearing rod 139 that drives the trimming rod 139 to reciprocate.
  • the driving mechanism, the cutting knife 140 fixed on the cutting rod 139, and the cutting knife 140 cooperate with the clamping knife 141 of the clamping mechanism for holding the blank, so that the clamping knife 141 and the cutting knife 140 are opened and placed.
  • the clamping knife opening mechanism of the blank at the set position causes the clamping knife to be reset and closed with respect to the cutting knife 140 to form a receiving portion for holding the blank, and the clamping knife for restricting the movement of the clamping knife during the cutting of the blank a limiting mechanism;
  • the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping knife 141, and the cutting knife 140 and the clamping knife 141 cooperate with each other to form a receiving portion for holding the blank.
  • the receiving portion of the blank is clamped along the cutting knife
  • the width of the direction of motion of 140 is greater than the diameter of the blank; at the trimming position, the cutter 141 remains fixed relative to the cutter 140, and the receiving portion of the clamp blank does not change.
  • the clamping plate mechanism includes a clamping plate connecting seat 78 fixed to the trimming rod 139, and a clamping plate 80 pivotally connected to the clamping plate connecting seat 78 via the cylindrical pivot 79, which is fixed to the body.
  • the clamping plate guide seat 81 is a resilient returning device that resets the pivot shaft 79 toward the side of the clamping plate pivot hole 82 near the chucking blade 141.
  • a chute 83 in a parallel cutting direction is disposed in the sandwiching plate guide seat 81, and the clamping plate 80 is slidably slidably and vertically mounted in the chute 83.
  • the pivot hole 82 of the clamping plate 80 that cooperates with the pivot 79 includes two semicircular portions of the end portion and a straight portion connecting the two semicircular portions; and a convex shaft 84 is provided on both sides of the clamping plate 80.
  • the two ends of the pivot 79 are mounted on the clamping plate connecting base 78 and protrude from the clamping plate connecting seat 78.
  • the elastic returning device is connected between the protruding shaft 84 and the pivoting shaft 79 on both sides of the clamping plate 80 for clamping.
  • the plate 80 is horizontally reset by tension springs 85, 86.
  • a fixing groove 87 is provided on one side of the clamping plate 80.
  • the fixing groove 87 is away from the clamping plate connecting seat 78.
  • a clamping knife fixing seat 88 is fixed in the fixing groove 87, and the clamping knife 141 is fixed. It is fixed to the clamp holder 88 and is perpendicular to the sandwich plate 80.
  • the limit reset mechanism of the gripper 141 includes a downward pressing of the binder plate 80 and an elastic return pressing device for resetting the binder plate 80 downward and an adjustment mounted on the sandwiching plate guide 81.
  • the elastic return pressing device comprises a spring seat 89 fixed on the clamping plate guide seat 81.
  • the clamping plate mounted in the spring seat 89 abutting the clamping plate 80 presses the small shaft 90, and the clamping plate abuts the small shaft.
  • the compression spring 91 is mounted on the spring seat 89 to press the adjustment screw 92 of the compression spring 91, and the lock nut 93 on the adjustment screw 92 is set.
  • the adjusting member is Z-shaped, including a horizontal end 94, a horizontal end 95 and a broken line portion (not shown) connecting the two horizontal ends.
  • the horizontal end 94 of the adjusting member is mounted on the clamping plate guiding seat 81, and the horizontal end 95 can abut the clip.
  • Tool knife 141 In the feeding position, the adjusting member abuts the clamping knife 141 toward the horizontal end 95 of the clamping knife 141, and the clamping knife 141 does not contact the cutting knife 14C, and the receiving portion of the holding blank moves along the moving direction of the cutting blade 140.
  • the width is greater than the diameter of the blank; in the trim position, the width of the receiving portion of the holding blank along the direction of movement of the cutting blade 140 is equal to the diameter of the blank.
  • the cutter opening mechanism for opening the cutting knife and the cutting blade 140 to set the blank in the set position is the top member 136 fixed to the large slider 3.
  • the accommodating portion for holding the blank includes a U-shaped accommodating groove 96 provided on the cleaver 140, and the accommodating portion for holding the blank is a U-shaped accommodating groove provided on the cleaver 140.
  • the U-shaped accommodating groove 96 includes a semi-circular curved groove matching the diameter of the blank and a straight portion tangential to the semi-circular curved groove, U-shaped
  • the width of the groove along the direction of movement of the cutting blade 140 is less than the diameter of the blank.
  • the shearing rod 139 driving mechanism is fixed to the H-th bevel gear 97 on the first transmission shaft 24, and the twelfth bevel gear 98 meshing with the eleventh bevel gear 97 is fixed in the twelfth
  • the seventh transmission shaft 99 on the bevel gear 98, the cam 130 fixed on the seventh transmission shaft 99, is rotatably pivotally connected to the swinging member 132 fixed to the fixed seat 131 of the body, and is mounted on the end of the reflector 132.
  • the working method of the trimming material of the trimming mechanism of the upsetting machine includes: - in the feeding position, the gripper 141 is held by the adjusting member, and the pivot 79 is opposite to the pivoting hole 82. Moving to the side away from the gripper 141, the gripper 141 and the trimming blade 140 are separated by a set distance, and the width of the receiving portion of the gripping blank in the moving direction of the trimming blade 140 is larger than the diameter of the blank, and the blank enters In the accommodating portion for holding the blank, there is a certain gap between the entry of the blank and the accommodating portion for holding the blank.
  • the trimming material feeding mechanism moves from the feeding position to the trimming position in the direction of the first female mold position, and the clamping knife 141 is separated from the adjusting member, and the pivoting shaft 79 is opposite to the pivoting hole. 82 moves to the side close to the clamping knife 141, and the clamping knife 141 moves relative to the cutting blade 140.
  • the moving distance is equal to the distance that the pivoting shaft 79 moves relative to the pivoting hole 82, and the receiving portion of the holding blank is along the trimming material.
  • the width of the direction in which the knife 140 moves is equal to the diameter of the blank, and the blank is completely clamped by the cutter 141 and the cutter 64.
  • the trimming and feeding mechanism continues to move toward the position of the first die, and the blank is cut; in the trimming position, the elastic resetting and pressing device is cut in the blank.
  • the clamping plate 80 is pressed downward, and the elastic force is greater than the decomposition force of the blank acting upward on the clamping knife 141 during the process of cutting the blank, and the clamping plate 80 has no movement relative to the cutting knife 140, and is fixed in the clamping material.
  • the gripper 141 on the plate 80 has no movement relative to the trimming blade 140, and the receiving portion of the gripping blank does not change.
  • the trimming material clamping mechanism moves the cut blank from the trimming position to the position of the first female mold, and the punch moves toward the concave mold, and the top member 136 tops the clamping plate 80.
  • the top member 136 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic return pressing device to rotate the clamping plate 80 relative to the pivoting shaft, and the clamping plate 80 drives the clamping knife 141 fixed thereon to rotate relative to the pivoting shaft, so that the clamping knife 141
  • the cutting knife 140 is opened, and the workpiece is punched into the first concave mold by the die;
  • the workpiece is punched into the first concave die by the die cutting mechanism to move to the feeding position, or the die is moved back after the first molding of the workpiece is completed, and the top piece 136 is separated from the clamping plate 80, and the clamping plate 80 is removed.
  • the clamping knife 141 and the elastic force of the elastic return pressing device form a receiving portion for holding the blank; from the top member 136
  • the width of the receiving portion of the clamping blank along the moving direction of the cutting blade 140 is smaller than the blank. diameter of;
  • the trimming mechanism moves from the first die position to the feeding position under the action of the driving mechanism of the trimming rod 139;
  • the billet is maintained at a right angle to the direction of movement of the cutter 140 before and after being cut.
  • the working method of the upsetting machine includes: the die is rotated from the die of the feeding position to the die of the forming position, the die of the discharging position, and rotated to the die of the adjacent position, that is, after rotating 72°, the circle
  • the second transmission tooth 50 on the disc 51 is disengaged from the first transmission tooth 49 on the die holder 8, and the positioning rod 18 enters the die holder 8 under the action of the spring 20, and the die holder 8 stops rotating;
  • the transfer of the workpiece in the die from the previous process to the subsequent process and the die movement of the discharge position to the feeding position are performed, and the die of the feeding position is moved to the molding position; the die holder 8 is stopped.
  • the push rod 57 pushes the blank held by the cutting knife and the clamp knife from the trim position to the feeding position into the concave mold of the feeding position, and the punch moves toward the concave mold and performs the workpiece in the corresponding concave mold.
  • the ejector rod 38 ejects the formed workpiece in the die at the ejecting position; the corresponding action is performed on the push rod 57, the dies and the ejector rod 38, and the lever 18 is reset and positioned on the first swing drive shaft
  • the second on the disk 51 Transmission tooth 50 and die holder 8 The first drive teeth 49 are engaged, and the die holder 8 starts to rotate, thus circulating.
  • the thimble 39 and the friction slider 43 rotate synchronously with the die holder 8, the thimble limit abutting member 40 does not move, and the thimble 39 and the friction slider 43 remain stationary with respect to the die holder 8, friction
  • the slider 43 is in contact with the thimble stopper abutting member 40 to generate a sliding friction force, and there is no sliding friction between the ejector pin 39 and the friction slider 43 and between the thimble 39 and the thimble stopper abutting member 40.
  • the thimble limit abutting member adjusting mechanism includes a second bolt 100 and a limiting sleeve 102; and a guiding hole (not shown) of the thimble limiting abutting member is disposed on the body;
  • the thimble limit abutting member 103 is provided with a rotation preventing plane 106 for preventing the thimble stopper abutting member 103 from rotating relative to the body, and a escaping hole (not shown) of the second bolt 100, and is provided in the guiding hole.
  • the thimble limiting abutting member 103 is clearance-fitted with the guiding hole;
  • the end of the second bolt 100 away from the die holder 104 is a rotating clamping hex head end 101, and the second bolt 100 is adjacent to the rotating clamp
  • the hex head end 101 is provided with a limiting boss 107, and the end of the second bolt 100 near the die holder 104 is a threaded end;
  • the limiting sleeve 102 is fixed to the body, and the second bolt 100 is limited in the limiting sleeve 102.
  • the large hole 108 of the stepped hole faces the side of the die holder 104; the threaded end of the second bolt 100 passes through the thimble limit abutting member 103 and protrudes into the hollow hole of the guiding post 105, Limiting boss 1 of the second bolt 100 Limit stopper sleeve 102 is resist, the other end of the body to resist the stopper, and the threaded end 100 of the second bolt thimble limit stop member 103 threaded fit.
  • the hexagonal head end 101 is clamped by rotating the rotation of the second bolt 100, and the second bolt 100 is only rotated without axial movement, and the thimble limit abutting member 103 has only axial movement without rotation, so the thimble is limited.
  • the abutting member 103 moves toward the die holder 104 or moves away from the die holder 104.
  • the thimble limit abutting member 103 moves toward the die holder 104, and the distance between the thimble stopper abutting member 103 and the die holder 104 becomes shorter, and the distance at which the ejector pin 109 is placed in the die and the die holder 104 becomes longer, and the length of the workpiece
  • the thimble limit abutting member 103 moves away from the die holder 104, the distance between the thimble stopper abutting member 103 and the die holder 104 becomes longer, and the distance between the thimble and the die holder 104 becomes shorter. , the length of the workpiece becomes longer.
  • the number of the die and the die can be the same, and the die and the die are in one-to-one correspondence, and the forging machine in the previous embodiment is not required to design the pushing mechanism and the large slider without the need for avoiding space or avoiding Vacancies can be.
  • the die slewing device of the present invention can use the die slewing device of the application number 87105260.1.

Description

说 明 书
—种凹模回转镦锻机及工作方法
技术领域 本发明涉及一种凹模回转镦锻机及工作方法， 特别是涉及一种用来高 速成型紧固件等标准件的凹模回转镦锻机及工作方法。 背景技术
现有的镦锻机， 凹模一般与机身固定， 工序间的换位是由冲头的来回 运动或夹钳等夹料机构将坯料从一个凹模夹持到另一个凹模来实现。 这种 镦锻机， 结构复杂， 特别不易实现高速镦锻。 为了解决高速镦锻的问题， 专利号为 ZL87105260. 1的发明专利中， 公开了一种多工位凹模回转高速镦 锻机， 该发明在回转凹模座上提供至少三个以上的凹模， 滑块上要装与凹 模座的凹模相对应并且数目相同的冲模： 调节制件长短的调整机构由调节 套、 档圈和调节螺母构成， 用来统一调节制件的长度； 同时该发明在冷镦 机上应用空间凸轮机构， 驱动凹模回转装作间歇回转运动， 以实现冷镦机 多工序间的换位。 该发明公开的凹模回转镦锻机， 包括其在现有技术中公 开的西德西格兰公司生产的双冲头冷击钉头机械 HC ,其凹模和凹模座内的 顶料针在凹模座回转时均需先于凹模座分离凹模座才能回转， 凹模座回转 到设定位置停止后顶料针再在顶料机构的作用下进入凹模座。这种镦锻机， 要实现高速镦锻时， 由于在凹模座旋转时顶料针需与凹模座分离， 一方面 需要提供一个使顶料针与凹模座分离的顶料针复位机构， 使镦锻机的结构 复杂； 另一方面顶料针的长度长， 要不断进出凹模座， 顶料针容易损坏， 如在顶料针和凹模座间采用压簧复位装置， 压簧很容易损坏， 缩短镦锻机 的使用寿命， 其它的复位结构会变得特别复杂； 特别是需高速镦锻时， 顶 料针要反复进入凹模座， 与凹模座分离， 这相对一个镦锻周期来说需要占 用较长的时间， 因此大大降低镦锻效率。 专利号为 ZL87105260. 1的发明专 利， 并没有顶料针的复位机构， 从其公开的文字和图来看， 其无法实现顶 料针与凹模座分离的动作， 凹模座旋转时会被顶料针挡住， 因此无法实现 凹模座的旋转， 该专利的技术方案无法实现， 由此可以证明该技术方案是 没有得到实际实施的。 其提到西德西格兰公司生产的双冲头冷击钉头机械
HC的凹模回转装置的转动是依靠齿轮和齿条实现的，当齿条和凹模回转装 置的齿轮啮合是， 驱动回转装置转动， 当齿条和凹模回转装置的齿轮脱开 时， 凹模回转装置就停止转动， 同时又由定位机构中的定位销将凹模回转 装置限制在固定的角度内不动。 其指出 "在高速情况下， 齿条和齿轮的反 复啮合及定位销与销孔的反复插入退出将产生撞击、 震动和噪音； 又由于 这两个运动副的磨损， 降低机器的精度和使用寿命" 的缺点， 经本申请人 的反复实践证明， 齿条和齿轮的反复啮合及定位销与销孔的反复插入退出 将产生撞击、 震动和噪音将对冲模冲击制件产生的撞击、 震动和噪音， 可 以忽略不计； 两个运动副的磨损， 对机器的精度和使用寿命也没有什么影 响。 发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种可实现高速镦锻、 在凹模座旋转时 顶针不需与凹模分离而是随凹模一起旋转的凹模回转镦锻机。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种在凹模座旋转时顶针不需与凹模分 离而是随凹模一起旋转、 可实现高速镦锻的凹模回转镦锻机的工作方法。
一种凹模回转镦锻机， 包括大滑块、 固定在大滑块上的冲模组件， 使 大滑块来回运动的大滑块驱动机构， 凹模组件， 剪料夹料机构， 工件顶出 机构， 使凹模转动到设定位置的凹模分度装置， 使凹模在设定位置停止的 凹模定位装置， 顶料机构； 凹模组件包括仅可相对机座旋转的凹模座， 沿 凹模周向均匀分布在凹模座内的二个或二个以上的凹模； 在凹模座远离冲 模组件的一侧设有与凹模座固定的导向柱， 在导向柱上对应每一顶针的位 置设有滑槽； 顶料机构包括一端安装在凹模内与凹模一一对应的顶针， 安 装在滑槽内的摩擦滑块， 与机体固定的顶针限位抵挡件； 还设有调整顶针 限位抵挡件与凹模座之间的距离的顶针限位抵挡件调整机构； 仅在工件被 顶出的凹模位置设有工件顶出机构， 工件顶出机构包括可顶顶针的顶出杆； 在顶针限位抵挡件上对应顶出杆的位置设有避空孔， 顶出杆朝向避空孔一 端的外径小于避空孔的孔径， 摩擦滑块大于避空孔的孔径； 顶针远离凹模 座的一端与摩擦滑块接触被摩擦滑块抵挡； 摩擦滑块远离顶针的一端与顶 针限位抵挡件接触并被顶针限位抵挡件抵挡。 由于顶针限位抵挡件与机体 固定， 顶出杆朝向避空孔一端的外径小于避空孔的孔径， 摩擦滑块与顶针 限位抵挡件接触的面大于避空孔的孔径， 在凹模座旋转的过程中， 顶针和 摩擦滑块相对凹模座静止随凹模座一起旋转， 顶针限位抵挡件与机体固定 静止不动。 在镦锻时， 顶针限位抵挡件对摩擦滑块进行抵挡限位， 摩擦滑 块对顶针进行抵挡限位， 不需要对应每一凹模内的顶针均需设计来回运动 的工件顶出机构， 仅需在出料位置设置工件顶出机构， 使镦锻机结构简单， 调试简单容易， 成本低； 特别是在凹模座旋转过程中， 顶针不需要与凹模 座分离， 大大缩短了了顶针的运动行程， 保证了顶针顶出坯料的顺畅， 提 高了顶针的工作效率和使用寿命， 更易于实现快速镦锻。 由于增加了摩擦 滑块结构， 在旋转过程中， 摩擦滑块相对顶针限位抵挡件有相对摩擦运动， 顶针对摩擦滑块没有相对运动， 因此凹模座相对顶针限位抵挡件旋转运动 时其接触面产生的摩擦力作用在滑块上， 而不作用在顶针上， 因此顶针不 容易断， 保证四模座可实现高速旋转， 提高了顶针的使用寿命。 顶针限位 抵挡件调整机构通过调整顶针限位抵挡件与凹模座之间的距离来调整顶针 在凹模内的位置， 在镦锻在凹模内成型的部分直径相同的不同长度的工件 时， 不需更换顶针和凹模， 一次调整就把所有凹模内的顶针位置调好， 克 服了目前的多工位镦锻机各个工位必须分别调整、 结构复杂、 调试麻烦、 耗时耗力等缺点， 提高了工作效率， 降低了设备成本。
作为第一种改进， 顶针限位抵挡件调整机构包括与顶针限位抵挡件固 定的调整柱， 穿过调整柱的第一调整件和第二调整件、 第一螺栓和两个第 一调整螺母， 安装在第一螺栓上并置于第一调整件和第二调整件间的压簧； 靠近凹模座的第一调整件与机体固定， 调整柱与第一调整件间隙配合， 远 离凹模座的第二调整件与调整柱固定， 第一螺栓的一端固定在第一调整件 上， 第一螺栓的另一端穿过第二调整件并与第二调整件间隙配合， 调整螺 母安装在第一螺栓上并置于第二调整件远离第一调整件的一侧。 这种调整 结构调整顶针相对于凹模座的位置时很方便， 只需要调整两颗调整螺母便 可调整全部顶针的位置， 与目前多工位镦锻机的各个工位的顶针需要分别 调整相比， 调整非常便利。
作为第二种改进， 顶针限位抵挡件调整机构包括仅可转动不可轴向移 动的第二螺栓、 限位套； 在机体上设有顶针限位抵挡件的导向孔， 在导向 孔和顶针限位抵挡件间设有防止顶针限位抵挡件相对机体转动的止转机 构， 顶针限位抵挡件与导向孔间问隙配合； 第二螺栓远离凹模座的一端为 旋转夹持端， 在第二螺栓靠近旋转夹持端设有限位凸台， 第二螺栓靠近凹 模座的一端为螺紋端； 限位套与机体固定， 在限位套内设有与第二螺栓和 限位凸台配合的阶梯孔， 阶梯孔的大孔朝向凹模座一侧； 第二螺栓的螺紋 端穿过顶针限位抵挡件， 第二螺栓与顶针限位抵挡件螺紋配合。 这种调整 结构结构简单， 调整顶针相对凹模座的位置时方便。
作为第三种改进， 凹模定位装置包括第一摆件驱动轴， 第一摆件驱动 轴的驱动机构， 固定在第一摆件驱动轴上的第一摆件， 与机体固定的第二 摆件轴， 仅可转动地枢接在第二摆件轴上的第二摆件， 定位杆， 与机体固 定的定位杆导套， 第二复位弹簧； 定位杆包括两小端， 朝向凹模座的小端 伸入凹模座内， 远离凹模座的小端穿过导套并在该小端上设有第二摆件的 安装孔， 第二复位弹簧安装在导套和定位杆间， 第二摆件的一端伸入导套 的安装孔内， 第二摆件的另一端可与第一摆件抵接。 在凹模座需要停止及 没有外加的驱动力时， 在第二复位弹簧的作用下定位杆伸入凹模座内， 可 以克服惯性作用使凹模座可准确可靠地停留在设定位置。 在凹模座需要旋 转时， 定位杆在驱动机构的驱动力的作用下与凹模座分离。
作为方案一至方案四的共同改进， 凹模分度装置包括设置在凹模座周 圈的第一传动齿， 设有与第一传动齿啮合的第二传动齿的圆盘， 驱动圆盘 旋转的圆盘驱动机构； 第二传动齿所占圆盘周长为圆盘周长与凹模个数比。 采用在圆盘上设置部分齿轮的凹模分度装置， 结构简单靠。
作为进一歩改进， 在凹模座外设有凹模固定座， 在凹模座的两端设有 将凹模座限位在凹模套内的第一端盖和第二端盖， 第一端盖靠近冲模组件， 第一端盖固定在凹模固定座上， 第二端盖固定在凹模座上并被限位在凹模 固定座内； 在凹模固定座对应圆盘的位置设有避空圆盘的避空通孔。 第一 端盖和第二端盖简单可靠地将凹模座仅可转动地限位在凹模固定座内。
作为方案一至方案四的共同改进， 剪料夹料机构， 包括剪料杆， 驱动 剪料杆往复运动的剪料杆驱动机构， 固定在剪料杆上的剪料刀， 和剪料刀 配合夹持坯料的夹料机构， 夹料机构包括夹料刀， 剪料刀和夹料刀相互配 合形成夹持坯料的容置部， 使夹料刀与剪料刀张开、 置放坯料在设定位置 的夹料刀张开机构； 还设有使夹料刀相对剪料刀复位闭合形成夹持坯料的 容置部、 在坯料被剪断的过程中限制夹料刀运动的夹料机构的限位复位机 构； 在进料位置， 夹持坯料的容置部沿剪料刀运动方向的宽度大于坯料的 直径； 在剪料位置， 夹料刀相对剪料刀保持固定， 夹持坯料的容置部不变 化。 剪料位置为从剪料刀和夹料刀作用在坯料上使坯料产生变形到坯料被 剪断所处的位置， 即坯料被剪断的过程中所处的位置。 在坯料被剪断的过 程中， 夹料刀相对剪料刀完全保持固定， 即夹持坯料的容置部不变化， 这 样在坯料被剪断的过程中， 不会偏斜和晃动， 因此使被剪断的坯料的底部 平整， 等同全圆剪的效果。 由于被剪断的坯料底部平整， 被送到下一工序 镦锻成型时， 使作用在坯料上的力平衡， 成型时坯料不会偏斜和晃动， 工 件的成型质量好和精度高， 次品率低； 对需变形大的工件， 不易造成坯料 有时填充于模具型腔这边， 有时又填充于模具型腔那边， 更有利于降低次 品率； 而且镦锻出来的工件尾部端面平整。 由于在坯料被剪断的过程中， 夹料刀和剪料刀可实现完全夹紧坯料， 因此适合长坯料的剪料夹料。
一种凹模回转镦锻机的工作方法， 工作方法包括： 在凹模座旋转的过 程中， 顶针与凹模座同步旋转， 顶针相对于凹模座保持静止， 顶针抵挡件 不运动。
作为改进， 还设有调整顶针限位抵挡件与凹模座之间的距离的顶针限 位抵挡件调整机构； 在凹模座远离冲模组件的一侧设有与凹模座固定的导 向柱， 在导向柱上对应每一顶针的位置设有滑槽， 在滑槽内安装有摩擦滑 块， 顶针远离凹模座的一端与摩擦滑块接触并被其抵挡限位； 顶针限位抵 挡件与机体固定， 摩擦滑块与顶针限位抵挡件接触的面大于避空孔的孔径， 摩擦滑块远离顶针的一端与顶针限位抵挡件接触并被顶针限位抵挡件抵 挡；
工作方法包括： 在凹模座旋转的过程中， 顶针和摩擦滑块与凹模座同 步旋转， 顶针限位抵挡件不运动， 顶针、 摩擦滑块相对凹模座保持静止， 摩擦滑块与顶针限位抵挡件接触产生滑动摩擦力， 顶针与摩擦滑块间、 顶 针与顶针限位抵挡件间无滑动摩擦力。
作为进一步改进， 凹模的个数比冲模的个数多两个， 包括进料位置的 凹模、 出料位置的凹模和成型位置与冲模一一对应的凹模； 在冲模一侧对 应进料位置设有将坯料推进进料位置的凹模内的坯料推进机构， 在冲模一 侧的大滑块上设有避空剪料夹料机构、 坯料推进机构的避空空间、 对应出 料位置设有工件被顶出时的出料避空位； 仅在出料位置设有工件顶出机构； 工作方法包括：
凹模由进料位置的凹模向成型位置的凹模、 出料位置的凹模转动， 旋转到 其相邻位置的凹模后， 即转动 360°/凹模个数的角度后， 在凹模定位装置和 凹模分度装置共同作用下凹模座在设定位置停止转动； 在凹模座旋转的过 程中， 实现凹模内的工件从前一工序向后一工序的传递和出料位置的凹模 运动到进料位置，， 进料位置的凹模运动到成型位置； 凹模座停止， 坯料推 进机构将剪料夹料机构夹持到进料位置的坯料推进进料位置的凹模内， 冲 模向凹模方向运动并对其对应的凹模内的工件进行镦锻成型， 工件顶出机 构将顶出位置的凹模内巳成型的工件顶出； 在坯料推进机构、 冲模和顶出 机构完成相应动作并复位后， 在凹模定位机构和凹模分度装置的共同作用 下凹模再旋转 360°/凹模个数的角度， 如此循环。
本发明的有益效果是由于顶针限位抵挡件与凹模座或机体固定， 顶针在 凹模座旋转的过程中总是随凹模座一起旋转， 因此仅需在出料位置设置工 件顶出机构， 特别是在凹模座旋转过程中， 顶针不需要与凹模座分离， 更 易于实现快速镦锻， 提髙工作效率。
附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1的凹模回转镦锻机去掉机体、 飞轮等的立体示 意图。
图 2是图 1从另一个方向投影的立体示意图。
图 3是本发明实施例 1的仅示出部分结构的立体示意图。
图 4是本发明实施例 1的仅示出部分结构的立体分解示意图。
图 5是本发明实施例 1的剪料夹料机构的立体分解示意图。
图 6是本发明实施例 2的仅示出部分结构的立体示意图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
如图 1至图 4所示， 一种凹模回转镦锻机， 包括冲模组件， 使冲模组 件相对凹模组件来回运动的冲模组件驱动机构， 凹模组件， 剪料夹料机构， 仅设置在出料位置的工件顶出机构， 使凹模转动设定角度的凹模分度装置， 使凹模在设定位置停止的凹模定位装置， 顶料机构。
冲模组件驱动机构包括曲轴 1， 安装在曲轴 1上的连杆 2， 与连杆 2可 转动地枢接的大滑块 3。 冲模组件包括固定在大滑块 3上的冲模垫板 4， 均 勾固定在冲模垫板 4上的三个冲模即冲模 5、 冲模 72、 冲模 73。
凹模组件包括固定在机体上的凹模固定座 6, 安装在凹模固定座内 6 与凹模固定座 6固定的凹模套 7， 可转动地安装在凹模套 7内的凹模座 8， 沿凹模座的周向均匀分布固定在凹模座 8 内的五个凹模， 相邻的凹模的中 心轴线与凹模座的中心轴线连线的夹角为 72°。 将凹模座 8限位在凹模套 7 内的第一端盖 10和第二端盖 11。在凹模固定座 6远离冲模的一侧还设有与 机体固定的底座 12， 第一端盖 10靠近冲模， 第一端盖 10固定在凹模固定 座 6上， 第二端盖 11 固定在凹模座 S上并被底座 12限位在凹模固定座 6 内。
凹模的个数比冲模的个数多两个， 包括进料位置的一个凹模 77、 出料 位置的一个凹模 76和成型位置与冲模 5对应的凹模 9、与冲模 72对应的三 凹模 74、 与冲模 73对应的三凹模 75; 在冲模一侧对应进料位置的凹模 77 设有将坯料推进进料位置的凹模内的坯料推进机构，在冲模一侧的大滑块 3 上设有避空剪料夹料机构、 坯料推进机构的避空空间、 对应出料位置设有 工件被顶出时的出料避空位。 避空空间和出料避空位包括设置在滑块 3上 对应出料位置和进料位置的避空槽 44。 坯料推进机构包括固定在曲轴 1上 的推料凸轮 52， 一端可与推料凸轮 52抵接的滚轮 54， 推料摆件 53， 固定 在推料摆件 53上的齿轮轴 55， 固定在齿轮轴 55上的推料圆柱形齿轮 56， 推料杆 57， 推料摆件复位弹簧 58， 在推料杆 57上设有与推料圆柱形齿轮 56啮合的传动齿 59。 推料摆件复位弹簧 58—端连接在推料摆件 53上， 一 端连接在机体上。滚轮 54安装在推料摆件 53的端部， 齿轮轴 55固定在推 料摆件 53的另一端。
凹模定位装置包括第一摆件驱动轴 13， 第一摆件驱动轴 13 的驱动机 构， 固定在第一摆件驱动轴 13上的第一摆件 14， 固定在第一摆件 14上的 固定块 15， 固定座固定块 15上的顶杆 16， 与机体固定的第二摆件轴 〔未 示出）， 仅可转动地枢接在第二摆件轴上的第二摆件 17， 定位杆 18， 与机 体固定的定位杆导套 19， 第二复位弹簧 20; 定位杆 18包括两小端， 朝向 凹模座 8的小端伸入凹模座 8内， 远离凹模座 8的小端穿过导套 19并在该 小端上设有的安装孔 21， 第二复位弹簧 20安装在导套和定位杆 18间， 第 二摆件 17的一端伸入定位杆 18的安装孔 21内， 第二摆件 17的另一端可 与顶杆 16抵接。 第一摆件驱动轴 13的驱动机构包括固定在曲轴 1上的第 一传动齿轮 22， 与第一传动齿轮 22啮合的第二传动齿轮 23， 固定在第二 传动齿轮 23上的第一传动轴 24 (二轴）， 固定在第一传动轴 24上的第一锥 齿轮 25 , 与第一锥齿轮 25啮合的第二锥齿轮 26， 固定在第二锥齿轮 26上 的第二传动轴 27， 固定在第二传动轴 27上的第三锥齿轮 28， 与第三锥齿 轮 28啮合的第四锥齿轮 29， 固定在第四锥齿轮 29上的第三传动轴 30， 固 定在第三传动轴 30上的第一凸轮 31。 在第一摆件 14的一侧安装有第一滚 轮 32， 第一凸轮 31与第一滚轮 32抵接。 工件顶出机构包括固定在第三传动轴 30上的第二凸轮 33，固定在第一 摆件驱动轴 13上的第三摆件 34， 安装在第三摆件 34上的第二滚轮 35， 固 定在第三摆件 34上的顶杆 35， 可与顶杆 35抵接的顶杆 36， 与机体固定的 套筒 37，可与顶杆 36抵接的顶出杆 38，顶出杆 38抵接出料位置的顶针 39。 顶杆 36和顶出杆 38的一端分别伸入套筒 37内。 在第三顶杆 36上套有复 位弹簧， 复位弹簧 60置于套筒 37和顶杆 36间。
在第二端盖 11远离凹模的一侧延伸设有导向柱 41， 在导向柱 41上对 应每一顶针 39的位置设有滑槽 42。
顶料机构包括一端安装在凹模内与凹模一一对应的顶针 39， 安装在滑 槽 42内的摩擦滑块 43，对摩擦滑块 43进行限位抵挡的顶针限位抵挡件 40、 调整顶针限位抵挡件 40与凹模座 8 之间的距离的顶针限位抵挡件调整机 构： 顶针 39远离凹模座 8的一端与摩擦滑块 43接触被摩擦滑块 43抵挡限 位； 摩擦滑块 43远离顶针 39的一端与顶针限位抵挡件 40接触被顶针限位 抵挡件 40抵挡。 顶针限位抵挡件 40安装在底座 12内并与底座 12固定。 在顶针限位抵挡件 40上对应顶出杆 38的位置设有避空孔 61 , 顶出杆 38 朝向避空孔 61—端的外径小于避空孔 61的孔径， 摩擦滑块 43大于避空孔 61的孔径。
凹模分度装置包括设置在凹模座 8周圈的第一传动齿 49，设有与第一传 动齿 49啮合的第二传动齿 50的圆盘 51，驱动圆盘 51旋转的圆盘驱动机构； 第二传动齿 50所占圆盘 51周长为 1/5圆盘周长；在凹模套 7和凹模固定座 6对应圆盘的位置设有避空圆盘的避空通孔 （未示出）。 圆盘驱动机构包括 固定在第二传动轴 27上的第五锥齿轮 62， 与第五锥齿轮 62啮合的第六锥 齿轮 63， 固定在第六锥齿轮 63上的第四传动轴 64， 与第四传动轴 64固定 的第七锥齿轮 65， 与第七锥齿轮 65啮合的第八锥齿轮 66， 固定在第八锥 齿轮 66上的第五传动轴 67， 固定在第五传动轴 67上的第九锥齿轮 68， 与 第九锥齿轮 68啮合的第十锥齿轮 69， 固定在第十锥齿 69轮上的第六传动 轴 70， 圆盘 51固定在第六传动轴 70上。
顶针限位抵挡件调整机构包括与顶针限位抵挡件 40固定的调整柱 38， 穿过调整柱 38的第一调整件 45和第二调整件 46、第一螺栓 71和两个第一 调整螺母 48， 安装在第一螺栓 71上并置于第一调整件 45和第二调整件 46 间的压簧 47; 靠近凹模座的第一调整件 45与机体固定， 调整柱 38与第一 调整件 45间隙配合， 远离凹模座的第二调整件 46与调整柱 38固定， 第一 螺栓 71的一端固定在第一调整件 45上，第一螺栓 71的另一端穿过第二调 整件 46并与第二调整件 46间隙配合， 调整螺母 48安装在第一螺栓 71上 并置于第二调整件 46远离第一调整件 45的一侧。 当工件的长度改变时， 通过旋转第一调整螺母 48，第二抵挡件 46向凹模方向运动或远离凹模方向 运动。 第二抵挡件 46向凹模方向运动， 顶针限位抵挡件 40与凹模座 8的 距离变短， 顶针 39置入凹模内的距离变长， 工件的长度变短； 第二抵挡件 46向远离凹模方向运动，顶针限位抵挡件 40与凹模座 8的距离变长，顶针 39置入凹模和凹模座 8内的距离变短， 工件的长度变长。
如图 5所示， 剪料夹料机构， 包括剪料座 137， 通过压板 138可来回滑 动地安装在剪料座 137内的剪料杆 139，驱动剪料杆 139往复运动的剪料杆 139驱动机构， 固定在剪料杆 139上的剪料刀 140， 和剪料刀 140配合夹持 坯料的夹料机构的夹料刀 141，使夹料刀 141与剪料刀 140张开、置放坯料 在设定位置的夹料刀张开机构， 使夹料刀相对剪料刀 140复位闭合形成夹 持坯料的容置部、 在坯料被剪断的过程中限制夹料刀运动的夹料刀的限位 复位机构； 夹料机构包括夹料刀 141， 剪料刀 140和夹料刀 141相互配合形 成夹持坯料的容置部， 在进料位置， 夹持坯料的容置部沿剪料刀 140运动 方向的宽度大于坯料的直径； 在剪料位置， 夹料刀 141相对剪料刀 140保 持固定， 夹持坯料的容置部不变化。
如图 5所示， 夹料板机构包括与剪料杆 139固定的夹料板连接座 78， 与夹料板连接座 78通过柱形枢轴 79枢接的夹料板 80， 与机体固定的夹料 板导向座 81， 使枢轴 79朝向夹料板枢接孔 82靠近夹料刀 141一侧复位的 弹性复位装置。在夹料板导向座 81内设有平行剪料方向的滑槽 83 , 夹料板 80可来回滑动和上下转动地安装在滑槽 83内。夹料板 80上与枢轴 79配合 的枢接孔 82 包括端部的两个半圆形部分和连接两个半圆形部分的直线部 分； 在夹料板 80的两侧设有凸轴 84， 枢轴 79的两端安装在夹料板连接座 78上并伸出夹料板连接座 78， 弹性复位装置为连接在夹料板 80两侧的凸 轴 84和枢轴 79间使夹料板 80水平复位的拉簧 85、 86。
如图 5所示， 在夹料板 80的一个侧面上设有固定槽 87， 固定槽 87远 离夹料板连接座 78， 在固定槽 87 内固定有夹料刀固定座 88， 夹料刀 141 固定在夹料刀固定座 88上， 与夹料板 80垂直。
如图 5所示， 夹料刀 141的限位复位机构包括向下压夹料板 80和使夹 料板 80向下复位地弹性复位压紧装置和安装在夹料板导向座 81上的调整 件。弹性复位压紧装置包括固定夹料板导向座 81上的弹簧座 89， 安装在弹 簧座 89 内抵接夹料板 80的夹料板压紧小轴 90， 抵接夹料板压紧小轴 90 的压簧 91 ; 安装在弹簧座 89上压紧压簧 91的调整螺丝 92， 套装调整螺丝 92上的锁紧螺母 93。 调整件为 Z型， 包括水平端 94、 水平端 95和连接两 水平端的折线部分 （未示出）， 调整件的水平端 94安装在夹料板导向座 81 上， 水平端 95可抵接夹料刀 141。 在进料位置， 调整件朝向夹料刀 141的 水平端 95抵接夹料刀 141， 夹料刀 141与剪料刀 14C不接触， 夹持坯料的 容置部沿剪料刀 140运动方向的宽度大于坯料的直径； 在剪料位置， 夹持 坯料的容置部沿剪料刀 140运动方向的宽度等于坯料的直径。
如图 5所示， 使夹料刀与剪料刀 140张开、 置放坯料在设定位置的夹 料刀张开机构为与大滑块 3固定的顶件 136。
如图 5所示， 夹持坯料的容置部包括设在剪料刀 140上的 U型容置槽 96，夹持坯料的容置部为设置在剪料刀 140上的 U型容置槽 96与夹料刀 141 的平面部分所形成的容置空间： U型容置槽 96包括与坯料直径配合的半圆 形弧形槽和与半圆形弧形槽相切的直线部分， U型槽沿剪料刀 140运动方向 的宽度小于坯料的直径。
如图 5所示， 剪料杆 139驱动机构固定在第一传动轴 24上的第 H ^—锥 齿轮 97， 与第十一锥齿轮 97啮合的第十二锥齿轮 98， 固定在第十二锥齿 轮 98上的第七传动轴 99， 固定在第七传动轴 99上的凸轮 130， 可转动地 枢接在与机体固定的固定座 131上的摆件 132，安装在摆件 132—端上可与 摆件 132顶接的滚轮 133， 安装在摆件 132另一端的顶杆 134， 安装在夹料 板连接座 78和剪料座 137之间的压簧 135， 顶杆 134可与夹料板连接座 78 顶接。
如图 5所示， 镦锻机的剪料夹料机构的剪料夹料的工作方法， 包括- 在进料位置， 夹料刀 141被调整件顶住， 枢轴 79相对于枢接孔 82运 动到远离夹料刀 141的一侧， 夹料刀 141与剪料刀 140离开设定的距离， 夹持坯料的容置部沿剪料刀 140运动方向的宽度大于坯料的直径， 坯料进 入到夹持坯料的容置部内， 坯料进入时与夹持坯料的容置部间有一定的间 隙。
在剪料杆 139驱动机构的作用下， 剪料夹料机构向第一凹模位置方向 从进料位置运动到剪料位置， 夹料刀 141与调整件分离， 枢轴 79相对于枢 接孔 82运动到靠近夹料刀 141的一侧， 夹料刀 141相对剪料刀 140移动， 移动的距离与枢轴 79相对枢接孔 82移动的距离相等， 夹持坯料的容置部 沿剪料刀 140运动方向的宽度等于坯料的直径， 坯料被夹料刀 141和剪料 刀 140完全夹紧。 在剪料位置， 在剪料杆 139驱动机构的作用下， 剪料夹料机构继续向 第一凹模位置方向运动， 坯料被剪断； 在剪料位置， 弹性复位压紧装置在 坯料被剪断的过程中向下压紧夹料板 80， 且其弹力大于在坯料被剪断的过 程中坯料作用在夹料刀 141向上的分解力，夹料板 80相对剪料刀 140无运 动， 固定在夹料板 80上的夹料刀 141相对剪料刀 140无运动， 夹持坯料的 容置部不变化。
在剪料杆 139驱动机构的作用下， 剪料夹料机构夹持被剪断的坯料从 剪料位置运动到第一凹模位置停留， 冲模向凹模方向运动， 顶件 136顶夹 料板 80， 顶件 136会克服弹性复位压紧装置的弹力， 使夹料板 80相对枢接 轴转动， 夹料板 80带动固定在其上的夹料刀 141相对枢接轴转动， 使夹料 刀 141相对剪料刀 140张开， 工件被冲模冲入第一凹模内；
工件被冲模冲入第一凹模内剪料夹料机构往进料位置运动， 或者是完 成工件的第一次成型后冲模往回运动， 顶件 136与夹料板 80分离， 夹料板 80在夹料板 80、夹料刀 141的重力和弹性复位压紧装置的弹力作用下向下 运动快速复位， 夹料刀 141与剪料刀 140形成夹持坯料的容置部； 从顶件 136离开夹料板 80使夹料刀 141相对剪料刀 140闭合后至剪料夹料机构运 动到进料位置的过程中， 夹持坯料的容置部沿剪料刀 140运动方向的宽度 小于坯料的直径；
冲模回复到设定位置后， 在剪料杆 139驱动机构的作用下， 剪料夹料 机构从第一凹模位置运动到进料位置； 如此循环。
坯料被剪断之前和之后都一直保持着与剪料刀 140运动方向成直角关 系。
镦锻机的工作方法包括： 凹模由进料位置的凹模向成型位置的凹模、 出料位置的凹模转动， 旋转到其相邻位置的凹模后， 即转动 72°后， 圆盘 51上的第二传动齿 50脱离凹模座 8上的第一传动齿 49， 定位杆 18在弹簧 20的作用下进入凹模座 8内， 凹模座 8停止转动； 在凹模座 8旋转的过程 中， 实现凹模内的工件从前一工序向后一工序的传递和出料位置的凹模运 动到进料位置， 进料位置的凹模运动到成型位置； 凹模座 8停止， 推料杆 57将由剪料刀和夹料刀从剪料位置夹持到进料位置的坯料推进进料位置的 凹模内， 冲模向凹模方向运动并对其对应的凹模内的工件进行镦锻成型， 顶出杆 38将顶出位置的凹模内已成型的工件顶出；在推料杆 57、冲模和顶 出杆 38完成相应动作并复位和定位杆 18在第一摆件驱动轴 13的驱动机构 等的作用下与凹模座 8分离后， 圆盘 51上的第二传动齿 50与凹模座 8上 的第一传动齿 49啮合， 凹模座 8开始转动， 如此循环。 在凹模座 8旋转的 过程中， 顶针 39和摩擦滑块 43与凹模座 8同步旋转， 顶针限位抵挡件 40 不运动， 顶针 39、 摩擦滑块 43相对凹模座 8保持静止， 摩擦滑块 43与顶 针限位抵挡件 40接触产生滑动摩擦力，顶针 39与摩擦滑块 43间、顶针 39 与顶针限位抵挡件 40间无滑动摩擦力。
实施例 2
如图 6所示， 与实施例 1不同的是， 顶针限位抵挡件调整机构包括第二 螺栓 100、 限位套 102; 在机体上设有顶针限位抵挡件的导向孔 （未示出）， 在顶针限位抵挡件 103上设有防止顶针限位抵挡件 103相对机体转动的止 转平面 106和第二螺栓 100的避空孔（未示出）， 在导向孔内设有与止转平 面配合的平面 （未示出）， 顶针限位抵挡件 103与导向孔间隙配合； 第二螺 栓 100远离凹模座 104的一端为旋转夹持六角头端 101， 在第二螺栓 100 靠近旋转夹持六角头端 101设有限位凸台 107， 第二螺栓 100靠近凹模座 104的一端为螺紋端； 限位套 102与机体固定，在限位套 102内设有与第二 螺栓 100和限位凸台配合的阶梯孔， 阶梯孔的大孔 108朝向凹模座 104— 侧； 第二螺栓 100的螺纹端穿过顶针限位抵挡件 103并伸入到导向柱 105 的避空孔中， 第二螺栓 100的限位凸台一端被限位套 102抵挡限位， 另一 端被机体抵挡限位， 第二螺栓 100的螺纹端与顶针限位抵挡件 103螺纹配 合。当工件的长度改变时，通过旋转第二螺栓 100的旋转夹持六角头端 101， 第二螺栓 100只转动无轴向运动， 顶针限位抵挡件 103只有轴向运动无转 动， 因此顶针限位抵挡件 103向凹模座 104方向运动或远离凹模座 104方 向运动。顶针限位抵挡件 103向凹模座 104方向运动， 顶针限位抵挡件 103 与凹模座 104的距离变短， 顶针 109置入凹模和凹模座 104内的距离变长， 工件的长度变短； 顶针限位抵挡件 103向远离凹模座 104方向运动时， 顶 针限位抵挡件 103与凹模座 104的距离变长， 顶针置入凹模和凹模座 104 内的距离变短， 工件的长度变长。
本发明中凹模和冲模的个数可相同， 凹模和冲模一一对应， 只需将前 面的实施例中的镦锻机不设计推料机构和大滑块上不需避空空间或避空位 即可。
本发明中的凹模回转装置可使用申请号为 87105260.1 中的凹模回转 装置。

Claims

权利 要 求 书
1、 一种凹模回转镦锻机， 包括大滑块、 固定在大滑块上的冲模组件， 使大 滑块来回运动的大滑块驱动机构， 凹模组件， 剪料夹料机构， 工件顶出机 构， 使凹模转动到设定位置的凹模分度装置， 使凹模在设定位置停止的凹 模定位装置， 顶料机构； 凹模组件包括仅可相对机座旋转的凹模座， 沿凹 模周向均匀分布在凹模座内的二个或二个以上的凹模； 其特征在于： 在凹 模座远离冲模组件的一侧设有与凹模座固定的导向柱， 在导向柱上对应每 一顶针的位置设有滑槽； 顶料机构包括一端安装在凹模内与凹模一一对应 的顶针， 安装在滑槽内的摩擦滑块， 与机体固定的顶针限位抵挡件； 还设 有调整顶针限位抵挡件与凹模座之间的距离的顶针限位抵挡件调整机构； 仅在工件被顶出的凹模位置设有所述的工件顶出机构， 工件顶出机构包括 可顶顶针的顶出杆； 在顶针限位抵挡件上对应顶出杆的位置设有避空孔， 顶出杆朝向避空孔一端的外径小于避空孔的孔径， 摩擦滑块大于避空孔的 孔径； 顶针远离凹模座的一端与所述的摩擦滑块接触被所述的摩擦滑块抵 挡； 所述的摩擦滑块远离顶针的一端与顶针限位抵挡件接触并被顶针限位 抵挡件抵挡。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的一种凹模回转镦锻机， 其特征在于： 顶针限位抵挡 件调整机构包括与顶针限位抵挡件固定的调整柱， 穿过调整柱的第一调整 件和第二调整件、 第一螺栓和两个第一调整螺母， 安装在第一螺栓上并置 于第一调整件和第二调整件间的压簧； 靠近凹模座的第一调整件与机体固 定， 调整柱与第一调整件间隙配合， 远离凹模座的第二调整件与调整柱固 定， 第一螺栓的一端固定在第一调整件上， 第一螺栓的另一端穿过第二调 整件并与第二调整件间隙配合， 调整螺母安装在第一螺栓上并置于第二调 整件远离第一调整件的一侧。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的一种凹模回转镦锻机， 其特征在于： 顶针限位抵 挡件调整机构包括仅可转动不可轴向移动的第二螺栓、 限位套； 在机体上 设有顶针限位抵挡件的导向孔， 在导向孔和顶针限位抵挡件间设有防止顶 针限位抵挡件相对机体转动的止转机构， 顶针限位抵挡件与导向孔间间隙 配合； 第二螺栓远离凹模座的一端为旋转夹持端， 在第二螺栓靠近旋转夹 持端设有限位凸台， 第二螺栓靠近凹模座的一端为螺纹端； 限位套与机体 固定， 在限位套内设有与第二螺栓和限位凸台配合的阶梯孔， 阶梯孔的大 孔朝向凹模座一侧； 第二螺栓的螺紋端穿过顶针限位抵挡件， 第二螺栓与 顶针限位抵挡件螺纹配合。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的一种凹模回转镦锻机， 其特征在于： 凹模定位装置 包括第一摆件驱动轴， 第一摆件驱动轴的驱动机构， 固定在第一摆件驱动 轴上的第一摆件， 与机体固定的第二摆件轴， 仅可转动地枢接在第二摆件 轴上的第二摆件， 定位杆， 与机体固定的定位杆导套， 第二复位弹簧； 定 位杆包括两小端， 朝向凹模座的小端伸入凹模座内， 远离凹模座的小端穿 过导套并在该小端上设有第二摆件的安装孔， 第二复位弹簧安装在导套和 定位杆间， 第二摆件的一端伸入导套的安装孔内， 第二摆件的另一端可与 第一摆件抵接。
5、 如权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述的一种凹模回转镦锻机， 其特征在于： 凹模分度装置包括设置在凹模座周圈的第一传动齿， 设有与第一传动齿啮 合的第二传动齿的圆盘， 驱动圆盘旋转的圆盘驱动机构； 第二传动齿所占 圆盘周长为圆盘周长与凹模个数比。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的一种凹模回转镦锻机， 其特征在于： 在凹模座外设 有凹模固定座， 在凹模座的两端设有将凹模座限位在凹模套内的第一端盖 和第二端盖， 第一端盖靠近冲模组件， 第一端盖固定在凹模固定座上， 第 二端盖固定在凹模座上并被限位在凹模固定座内； 在凹模固定座对应圆盘 的位置设有避空圆盘的避空通孔
7、 如权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述的一种凹模回转镦锻机， 其特征在于： 剪料夹料机构， 包括剪料杆， 驱动剪料杆往复运动的剪料杆驱动机构， 固 定在剪料杆上的剪料刀， 和剪料刀配合夹持坯料的夹料机构， 夹料机构包 括夹料刀， 剪料刀和夹料刀相互配合形成夹持坯料的容置部， 使夹料刀与 剪料刀张开、 置放坯料在设定位置的夹料刀张开机构； 还设有使夹料刀相 对剪料刀复位闭合形成夹持坯料的容置部、 在坯料被剪断的过程中限制夹 料刀运动的夹料机构的限位复位机构； 在进料位置， 夹持坯料的容置部沿 剪料刀运动方向的宽度大于坯料的直径； 在剪料位置， 夹料刀相对剪料刀 保持固定， 夹持坯料的容置部不变化。
8、 一种如权利要求 1所述的凹模回转镦锻机的工作方法， 其特征在于工作 方法包括： 在凹模座旋转的过程中， 顶针与凹模座同步旋转， 顶针相对于 凹模座保持静止， 顶针抵挡件不运动。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的凹模回转镦锻机的工作方法， 其特征在于： 还设有 调整顶针限位抵挡件与凹模座之间的距离的顶针限位抵挡件调整机构； 在 凹模座远离冲模组件的一侧设有与凹模座固定的导向柱， 在导向柱上对应 每一顶针的位置设有滑槽， 在滑槽内安装有摩擦滑块， 所述的顶针远离凹 模座的一端与摩擦滑块接触并被其抵挡限位； 顶针限位抵挡件与机体固定， 摩擦滑块与顶针限位抵挡件接触的面大于避空孔的孔径， 所述的摩擦滑块 远离顶针的一端与顶针限位抵挡件接触并被顶针限位抵挡件抵挡； 工作方法包括： 在凹模座旋转的过程中， 顶针和摩擦滑块与凹模座同步旋 转， 顶针限位抵挡件不运动， 顶针、 摩擦滑块相对凹模座保持静止， 摩擦 滑块与顶针限位抵挡件接触产生滑动摩擦力， 顶针与摩擦滑块间、 顶针与 顶针限位抵挡件间无滑动摩擦力。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的凹模回转镦锻机的工作方法， 其特征在于： 凹模 的个数比冲模的个数多两个， 包括进料位置的凹模、 出料位置的凹模和成 型位置与冲模一一对应的凹模； 在冲模一侧对应进料位置设有将坯料推进 进料位置的凹模内的坯料推进机构， 在冲模一侧的大滑块上设有避空剪料 夹料机构、 坯料推进机构的避空空间、 对应出料位置设有工件被顶出时的 出料避空位； 仅在出料位置设有所述的工件顶出机构；
工作方法包括：
凹模由进料位置的凹模向成型位置的凹模、 出料位置的凹模转动， 旋转到 其相邻位置的凹模后， 即转动 360°/凹模个数的角度后， 在凹模定位装置和 凹模分度装置共同作用下凹模座在设定位置停止转动； 在凹模座旋转的过 程中， 实现凹模内的工件从前一工序向后一工序的传递和出料位置的凹模 运动到进料位置，， 进料位置的凹模运动到成型位置； 凹模座停止， 坯料推 进机构将剪料夹料机构夹持到进料位置的坯料推进进料位置的凹模内， 冲 模向凹模方向运动并对其对应的凹模内的工件进行镦锻成型， 工件顶出机 构将顶出位置的凹模内已成型的工件顶出； 在坯料推进机构、 冲模和顶出 机构完成相应动作并复位后， 在凹模定位机构和凹模分度装置的共同作用 下凹模再旋转 360Ύ凹模个数的角度， 如此循环。
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