WO2017022750A1 - 人工血管、人工血管の製造方法、及び、多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法 - Google Patents
人工血管、人工血管の製造方法、及び、多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017022750A1 WO2017022750A1 PCT/JP2016/072626 JP2016072626W WO2017022750A1 WO 2017022750 A1 WO2017022750 A1 WO 2017022750A1 JP 2016072626 W JP2016072626 W JP 2016072626W WO 2017022750 A1 WO2017022750 A1 WO 2017022750A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/507—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials for artificial blood vessels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/58—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/048—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase
- C08J2201/0484—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/052—Inducing phase separation by thermal treatment, e.g. cooling a solution
- C08J2201/0522—Inducing phase separation by thermal treatment, e.g. cooling a solution the liquid phase being organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
- C08J2205/022—Hydrogel, i.e. a gel containing an aqueous composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
- C08J2205/024—Organogel, i.e. a gel containing an organic composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/044—Micropores, i.e. average diameter being between 0,1 micrometer and 0,1 millimeter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/10—Medical applications, e.g. biocompatible scaffolds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/16—Biodegradable polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate, a method for producing an artificial blood vessel, and an artificial blood vessel in which the choice of solvent is wide and the bulk density and pore diameter of the porous substrate can be easily adjusted.
- a base material is transplanted into a patient's body, and the cells are removed from surrounding tissues or organs.
- a method of regenerating a tissue or an organ by invading into a base material and growing and differentiating is performed.
- a porous base material made of a bioabsorbable polymer has been proposed.
- a porous base material made of a bioabsorbable polymer By using a porous base material made of a bioabsorbable polymer as a base material for regenerative medicine, cells invade and proliferate into the voids, and the tissue is regenerated at an early stage. And since it decomposes
- Patent Document 1 As a method for producing a porous substrate made of a bioabsorbable polymer, for example, in Patent Document 1, particles such as water-soluble sodium chloride and sugar are added to a bioabsorbable polymer solution and lyophilized. Then, a method for producing a porous substrate by eluting and removing the particles by water washing is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 it is difficult to uniformly disperse the particles in the bioabsorbable polymer solution, and the pore size distribution of the porous substrate obtained by sedimentation of the particles is not uniform. There was a problem of becoming. In addition, a complicated process is required to completely remove the particles. Further, when the bioabsorbable polymer solution has a high viscosity, there is a problem that it cannot be produced substantially.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing a porous substrate comprising a step of dissolving a polymer containing a lactide-caprolactone copolymer in a mixed solution of a good solvent and a poor solvent for the polymer and then cooling the polymer. Has been.
- Patent Document 3 polylactic acid is added to a mixed solution containing the polylactic acid in a soluble organic solvent, an insoluble organic solvent, and water, dissolved by heating at 40 to 100 ° C., A method for producing a porous substrate including a cooling step is disclosed.
- a porous substrate made of a bioabsorbable polymer its pore size and bulkiness are in view of mechanical strength and bioabsorption behavior as a scaffold for tissue regeneration, cell invasion, and nutrient supply to the invading cells. Control of density and the like is extremely important.
- the pore diameter of the obtained porous substrate can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of the good solvent and the poor solvent. However, when the pore diameter of the porous substrate is adjusted by this method, the bulk density of the obtained porous substrate varies greatly.
- the good solvent When water that is easy to handle is selected as the poor solvent, the good solvent has limited options such as 1,4-dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.
- these solvents are highly toxic to living organisms, a process of completely removing the solvent from the porous substrate is essential for clinical application, and there is a problem that it is extremely complicated.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate, a method for producing an artificial blood vessel, and an artificial blood vessel in which the choice of solvent is wide and the bulk density and pore diameter of the porous substrate can be easily adjusted.
- the purpose is to provide blood vessels.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate comprising a bioabsorbable polymer, the bioabsorbable polymer and a solvent 1 having a relatively low solubility with respect to the bioabsorbable polymer.
- a dissolution step of preparing a homogeneous solution in which the bioabsorbable polymer is dissolved, a precipitation step of cooling the homogeneous solution to deposit a porous body made of the bioabsorbable polymer, and a porosity made of the bioabsorbable polymer This is a method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate having a freeze-drying step of freeze-drying the material to obtain a porous tissue regeneration substrate.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the inventors of the present invention provide a method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate, in which a good solvent and a poor solvent for a bioabsorbable polymer are combined with a cosolvent compatible with any of the good solvent and the poor solvent. Invented. By combining the co-solvent, compatibility between the good solvent and the poor solvent becomes unnecessary, so that the options for the combination of the good solvent and the poor solvent are greatly expanded.
- a low-toxic organic solvent other than 1,4-dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or the like can be selected as a good solvent.
- the bulk density and the pore diameter of the porous substrate can be easily adjusted by combining two or more co-solvents and adjusting the blending ratio of the two or more co-solvents.
- a bioabsorbable polymer In the method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate of the present invention, first, a bioabsorbable polymer, a solvent 1, a solvent 2 and a cosolvent 3 are used to prepare a homogeneous solution in which the bioabsorbable polymer is dissolved. Perform the process.
- bioabsorbable polymer examples include polyglycolide, polylactide, poly- ⁇ -caprolactone, lactide-glycolic acid copolymer, glycolide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer, lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer, polycitric acid , Polymalic acid, poly- ⁇ -cyanoacrylate, poly- ⁇ -hydroxy acid, polytrimethylene oxalate, polytetramethylene oxalate, polyorthoester, polyorthocarbonate, polyethylene carbonate, poly- ⁇ -benzyl-L-glutamate Synthetic polymers such as poly- ⁇ -methyl-L-glutamate, poly-L-alanine and polyglycol sebastic acid, polysaccharides such as starch, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitin, pectic acid and their derivatives, gelatin , Collagen, albumin Natural polymers such as proteins such as fibrin and the like.
- the solvent 1 is a so-called poor solvent having relatively low solubility with respect to the bioabsorbable polymer.
- the relatively low solubility means that the bioabsorbable polymer is less soluble than the solvent 2.
- the solvent 1 when the bioabsorbable polymer is a synthetic polymer, for example, water, methanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and the like can be used. Of these, water is preferred because of its excellent handleability.
- the solvent 2 is a so-called good solvent having a relatively high solubility in the bioabsorbable polymer.
- the solvent 2 is incompatible with the solvent 1.
- incompatible means that the phases are separated even when mixed and stirred at room temperature of 25 ° C.
- the solvent 2 when the bioabsorbable polymer is a synthetic polymer and water is selected as the solvent 1, for example, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl amino ketone , Organic solvents such as cyclohesanone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and toluene can be used. Of these, methyl ethyl ketone, chloroform and the like are preferred because of their relatively low toxicity.
- the co-solvent 3 is compatible with both the solvent 1 and the solvent 2. By combining such a co-solvent 3, it becomes possible to produce a porous tissue regeneration substrate by the phase separation method even if the solvent 1 and the solvent 2 are incompatible with each other. The combination options will expand dramatically. Compatibilization here means that phase separation does not occur even when mixed and stirred at room temperature of 25 ° C.
- the co-solvent 3 when the bioabsorbable polymer is a synthetic polymer and water is selected as the solvent 1 and an organic solvent is selected as the solvent 2, for example, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol Isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, tetrahydrofuran and the like can be used.
- the mixing ratio of the solvent 1 and the solvent 2 is not particularly limited, but the solvent 1 and the solvent 2 are preferably in a range of 1: 1 to 1: 100 by weight. Within this range, a uniform porous tissue regeneration substrate can be produced. More preferably, it is in the range of 1:10 to 1:50.
- the blending ratio of the total of the solvent 1 and the solvent 2 and the co-solvent 3 is not particularly limited, but the total ratio of the solvent 1 and the solvent 2 and the co-solvent 3 is 1: 0.01 to 1: 0.5 by weight. It is preferable to be within the range. Within this range, a uniform porous tissue regeneration substrate can be produced. More preferably, it is in the range of 1: 0.02 to 1: 0.3.
- the pore diameter of the obtained porous tissue regeneration substrate can be controlled by adjusting the blending ratio of the solvent 1 and the solvent 2. Specifically, when the ratio of the solvent 1 is increased, the pore diameter of the porous tissue regeneration base material obtained is increased, and when the ratio of the solvent 2 is increased, the pore diameter of the porous tissue regeneration base material obtained is decreased.
- the bulk density also fluctuates at the same time, and it is difficult to produce a porous tissue regeneration substrate having an arbitrary pore size and bulk density.
- the method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate of the present invention it is preferable to use a combination of two or more of the above co-solvents 3 (hereinafter, two or more of the solvents contained in the co-solvent 3 are referred to as “co-solvent 3-1. Also referred to as “Co-solvent 3-2”,.
- co-solvent 3-1 two or more of the solvents contained in the co-solvent 3
- Co-solvent 3-2 also referred to as “Co-solvent 3-2”
- the combination of the bioabsorbable polymer and each solvent is not particularly limited.
- the bioabsorbable polymer is a lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer
- the solvent 1 is water
- the solvent 2 is methyl ethyl ketone
- the solvent 1 is water
- the solvent 2 is chloroform
- the cosolvent 3-1 is tetrahydrofuran.
- a homogeneous solution in which the bioabsorbable polymer is dissolved is prepared using the bioabsorbable polymer, the solvent 1, the solvent 2, and the cosolvent 3.
- a method for preparing the uniform solution for example, a mixed solvent containing a bioabsorbable polymer, the solvent 1, the solvent 2, and the co-solvent 3 (hereinafter also simply referred to as “mixed solvent”).
- the method of heating after mixing is mentioned.
- the above mixed solvent is heated in advance, and a bioabsorbable polymer is added to the heated mixed solvent, or the bioabsorbable polymer is once dissolved in the solvent 2.
- a method of adding the solvent 1 and the co-solvent 3 while heating is also included.
- the said mixing method is not specifically limited, For example, the well-known mixing method using a stirrer chip
- the heating temperature in the dissolution step is not particularly limited as long as the bioabsorbable polymer is uniformly dissolved, but is lower than the boiling points of the solvent 1, the solvent 2 and the cosolvent 3. It is preferable. When heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point, the blending ratio of each solvent may fluctuate, making it impossible to control the pore diameter and bulk density of the resulting porous tissue regeneration substrate.
- a precipitation step is then performed in which the homogeneous solution is cooled to precipitate a porous body made of a bioabsorbable polymer.
- the insoluble porous body made of the bioabsorbable polymer is deposited. This is because, before the bioabsorbable polymer is crystallized and precipitated, the liquid bioabsorbable polymer and each solvent are first subjected to thermodynamic anxiety above the temperature at which the bioabsorbable polymer crystallizes. This is thought to be due to phase separation (liquid-liquid phase separation) due to qualitative properties.
- the cooling temperature in the precipitation step is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which a porous body made of a bioabsorbable polymer can be precipitated, but it is preferably 4 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 24 ° C. or lower. preferable.
- the pore diameter of the porous tissue regeneration substrate obtained is also affected by the cooling rate. Specifically, when the cooling rate is high, the hole diameter tends to be small, and when the cooling rate is low, the hole diameter tends to be large. Therefore, when obtaining a porous tissue regeneration substrate having a particularly small pore diameter, it is conceivable that the cooling temperature is set low and the substrate is rapidly cooled.
- a freeze-drying step is then performed in which the porous body made of the bioabsorbable polymer is freeze-dried to obtain a porous tissue regeneration substrate.
- the lyophilization conditions are not particularly limited, and can be performed under conventionally known conditions.
- the lyophilization step may be performed as it is after the cooling step, but for the purpose of removing various organic solvents used as a solvent, the porous body is previously immersed in ethanol or water for replacement, and then lyophilized. May be performed.
- a porous tissue regenerating base material By using the method for producing a porous tissue regenerating base material of the present invention, a porous tissue regenerating base material can be obtained by easily adjusting the bulk density and the pore diameter without using a highly toxic solvent.
- the obtained porous tissue regeneration substrate can be particularly suitably used for regeneration of, for example, blood vessels and nerves.
- regeneration base material of this invention can exhibit the outstanding performance.
- the production of an artificial blood vessel using the method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- the tube-shaped artificial blood vessel is produced by the dissolution step ⁇ deposition step ⁇ freeze-drying step in the same manner as the method for producing the porous tissue regeneration substrate of the present invention.
- molding in a shape is performed. Specifically, after performing the coating process in which the uniform solution obtained in the dissolution step is applied to the surface of the rod-shaped body, the uniform solution on the surface of the rod-shaped body is cooled, and a living body is placed around the rod-shaped body. A precipitation step of depositing a tubular porous body made of an absorbent polymer is performed.
- the rod-shaped body is a member for forming a porous body into a tube shape, and substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of a tube-shaped artificial blood vessel in which the diameter of the rod-shaped body is obtained when the porous body is extracted from the obtained porous body.
- the rod-shaped body made of a metal such as stainless steel or resin-coated stainless steel is used as the above-mentioned rod-shaped body, when the obtained tube-shaped artificial blood vessel is transplanted, thickening or It has been found that extremely normal blood vessels that are unlikely to undergo calcification are regenerated.
- a metal with high thermal conductivity is used in the precipitation step of cooling the uniform solution on the surface of the rod-like body and depositing a tubular porous body made of a bioabsorbable polymer around the rod-like body. Since the inner portion of the tube in contact with the rod-shaped body is rapidly cooled, a layer having a relatively small pore diameter (hereinafter referred to as “skin layer”) compared to the surrounding portion (hereinafter also referred to as “porous layer”). It is thought that this is also formed. In order for the blood vessel to be regenerated, the artificial blood vessel as a whole needs to be formed with a hole having a sufficient diameter that allows cells to enter.
- an artificial blood vessel having a skin layer on the inner side and a shape in which the pore diameter of the porous layer around the skin layer increases toward the outer side is manufactured. be able to. (An electron micrograph of a cross section of the tube-shaped artificial blood vessel of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 4.) Conversely, the skin layer is provided on the outer side, and the pore diameter of the porous layer on the inner side of the skin layer is It is also possible to manufacture an artificial blood vessel having a shape that grows inward.
- the method for applying the uniform solution to the surface of the rod-shaped body is not particularly limited.
- a method of dipping the rod-shaped body once or a plurality of times in the uniform solution, or a cylinder having an inner diameter larger than the diameter of the rod-shaped body examples thereof include a method in which a rod-shaped body is disposed in the rod-shaped body, and the uniform solution is poured into the gap between the rod-shaped body and the cylindrical body.
- the tube-like porous body obtained is slightly shrunk in the precipitation step, so that it is easy to remove the rod-like body or cylindrical body, but the surface of the rod-like body or tubular body is previously subjected to a sliding process such as coating. May be given.
- a method for producing a porous tube-shaped artificial blood vessel made of a bioabsorbable material, the bioabsorbable polymer, the solvent 1 having a relatively low solubility with respect to the bioabsorbable polymer, and the living body Using the solvent 2 that is relatively soluble in the absorbent polymer and that is incompatible with the solvent 1 and the solvent 1 and the cosolvent 3 that is compatible with the solvent 2, the bioabsorbable polymer A dissolving step for preparing a homogeneous solution in which molecules are dissolved; a coating step for applying the uniform solution to the surface of the rod-shaped body; and a uniform solution on the surface of the rod-shaped body is cooled to form a living body around the rod-shaped body.
- an artificial blood vessel having a precipitation step of depositing a tubular porous body made of an absorbent polymer, and a freeze-drying step of freeze-drying the tubular porous body to obtain a tubular artificial blood vessel.
- Artificial blood vessels are also one aspect of the present invention. By transplanting the artificial blood vessel of the present invention, it is possible to regenerate extremely normal blood vessels that are less prone to thickening and calcification.
- the inner diameter of the artificial blood vessel of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the preferable lower limit is about 0.5 mm and the preferable upper limit is about 8.0 mm from the inner diameter of a general blood vessel.
- the outer diameter of the artificial blood vessel is not particularly limited, but the preferable lower limit is about 1.0 mm and the preferable upper limit is about 10.0 mm from the outer diameter of a general blood vessel.
- an artificial blood vessel that can be used for regeneration of a peripheral blood vessel having an inner diameter of about 2.0 to 5.0 mm has been difficult to manufacture by the conventional method. However, according to the method for manufacturing an artificial blood vessel of the present invention, it can be easily obtained. Can be manufactured.
- the skin layer is a layer in the vicinity of the innermost surface of the artificial blood vessel of the present invention that contains a large number of minute holes and holes therein, and is, for example, a tube shape obtained in FIG.
- the average pore diameter for example, about 25 ⁇ m
- the average pore diameter in the vicinity of the center of the cross section for example, 1 is a layer in which the film is generated.
- the artificial blood vessel of the present invention has the above skin layer in the innermost layer, thereby improving the smoothness of the inner surface, and by the lotus leaf effect, the excessive formation of thrombus is suppressed, As a result, an intima is likely to be formed, and thickening and calcification are unlikely to occur.
- the preferred lower limit of the pore diameter of the pores constituting the pore structure of the skin layer is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the preferred upper limit is 20 ⁇ m.
- the more preferred lower limit of the pore diameter of the pores constituting the pore structure of the skin layer is 1 ⁇ m, the more preferred upper limit is 18 ⁇ m, the still more preferred lower limit is 3 ⁇ m, and the still more preferred upper limit is 15 ⁇ m.
- the boundary with the porous layer is not always clear, but a preferable lower limit is 0.1 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 30 ⁇ m.
- a preferable lower limit is 0.1 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the skin layer is within this range, it is possible to regenerate extremely normal blood vessels that are less prone to thickening and calcification. If the thickness of the skin layer is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to uniformly form a porous layer having a relatively large pore size around the skin layer. As a result, tissue regeneration may be delayed.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the skin layer is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the more preferable upper limit is 20 ⁇ m.
- the porous layer is a layer other than the skin layer.
- FIG. 1 related to the electron micrograph of the cross section of the tube-shaped artificial blood vessel obtained in FIG.
- the cross section of the artificial blood vessel of the invention means a layer including the vicinity of the center of the cross section (average pore diameter is about 25 ⁇ m, for example).
- the pore structure of the porous layer is a very sparse structure compared to the skin layer and communicates with the skin layer.
- a more preferable hole structure is one in which communication holes having uniform sizes (communication voids) are present, and a particularly preferable hole structure is that in which communication holes having uniform sizes (communication voids) are present and pores are present.
- the wall itself also has at least one hole or hole.
- the preferred lower limit of the pore diameter of the pores constituting the pore structure of the porous layer is 1 ⁇ m, and the preferred upper limit is 500 ⁇ m.
- the pore diameter of the pores constituting the pore structure of the porous layer is less than 1 ⁇ m, the cell invasiveness may be poor.
- the pore diameter exceeds 500 ⁇ m the cell invasiveness is improved, but it passes through an artificial blood vessel. Some cells may be excreted, resulting in delayed tissue regeneration.
- the more preferred lower limit of the pore diameter of the pores constituting the pore structure of the porous layer is 5 ⁇ m, the preferred upper limit is 400 ⁇ m, the still more preferred lower limit is 10 ⁇ m, and the still more preferred upper limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the maximum diameter of at least one or more holes or holes in the pore wall itself of the porous layer is preferably the same as or smaller than the diameter of the pores constituting the pore structure of the porous layer.
- a preferable upper limit of the maximum diameter of at least one or more holes and holes in the porous wall itself of the porous layer is 500 ⁇ m, a more preferable upper limit is 400 ⁇ m, and a further preferable upper limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the artificial blood vessel of the present invention preferably has an ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer made of ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of 10 to 5000 nm, made of a bioabsorbable polymer, on the porous layer.
- an ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer made of ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of 10 to 5000 nm, made of a bioabsorbable polymer, on the porous layer.
- bioabsorbable polymer which comprises the said ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer It does not specifically limit as a bioabsorbable polymer which comprises the said ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer,
- the above-mentioned synthetic polymer, a natural polymer, etc. can be used.
- the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer is formed by combining polyglycolide having relatively high bioabsorbability and polylactide having relatively low bioabsorbability.
- the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer is formed by combining polyglycolide having relatively high bioabsorbability and polylactide having relatively low bioabsorbability.
- both of the two types of bioabsorbable polymers exist without being decomposed at a relatively early stage immediately after transplantation, particularly when strength is required, a high strength improvement effect can be exhibited.
- voids are formed in the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer. This void facilitates cell invasion, promotes vascular regeneration, and prevents calcification.
- the minimum with the preferable thickness of the said ultra-fine fiber nonwoven fabric layer is 10 micrometers, and a preferable upper limit is 300 micrometers. When the thickness of the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer is within this range, a sufficient strength improvement effect can be exhibited.
- the method for forming the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer on the porous layer is not particularly limited, but the electrospinning method is suitable.
- the electrospinning method is a method in which a solution in which a bioabsorbable polymer is dissolved is discharged from a nozzle toward a target while a high voltage is applied between the nozzle and a collector electrode. The solution fired from the nozzle becomes an ultrafine fiber along the electric lines of force and adheres on the target.
- the rod-shaped body can be used as a collector electrode by using a conductive rod-shaped body made of metal as the rod-shaped body.
- the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer can be formed by rotating the rod-like body on which the tube-shaped artificial blood vessel is formed and discharging the nozzle while reciprocating the nozzle a plurality of times.
- the artificial blood vessel of the present invention may further contain an agent for preventing thrombus formation such as heparin, a growth factor for promoting the regeneration of blood vessels such as bFGF, and the like. Furthermore, cells such as mesenchymal stem cells may be seeded prior to transplantation.
- a method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate a method for producing an artificial blood vessel, and an artificial blood vessel, which have a wide range of solvent options and can easily adjust the bulk density and pore diameter of the porous substrate. can do.
- 6 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of a tube-shaped artificial blood vessel obtained in Experimental Example 4.
- 6 is an HE-stained image of a blood vessel regenerated using a tube-shaped artificial blood vessel obtained in Experimental Example 4.
- 10 is a von Kossa-stained image of a blood vessel regenerated using the tube-shaped artificial blood vessel obtained in Experimental Example 4. It is an electron micrograph of a cross section of an artificial blood vessel having a skin layer on the inner side and a pore diameter of the porous layer around the skin layer becoming larger toward the outer side.
- Example 1 Production of porous tissue regenerating substrate At room temperature of 25 ° C., 0.25 g of L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer (molar ratio 50:50), 0.3 mL of water as solvent 1 and solvent 2 was mixed into a mixed solution containing 2.0 mL of methyl ethyl ketone and 1.0 mL of a mixture of acetone (co-solvent 3-1) and ethanol (co-solvent 3-2) as co-solvent 3. A heterogeneous solution that did not dissolve the L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer was obtained.
- the obtained heterogeneous solution was put in a glass tube having a diameter of 3.3 mm and heated to 60 ° C., and a homogeneous solution in which the L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer was dissolved was obtained.
- a homogeneous solution in which the L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer was dissolved was obtained.
- the obtained uniform solution was cooled to 4 ° C. or ⁇ 24 ° C. by placing it in a freezer, a porous body composed of an L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer was precipitated.
- the obtained porous body was immersed in a 50 mL ethanol bath at 4 ° C. or ⁇ 24 ° C. for 12 hours, and then immersed in a 50 mL water bath at 25 ° C. for 12 hours for washing.
- Porous tissue regeneration substrates were produced with two ratios of cosolvent 3-1 and cosolvent 3-2: 0.8: 0.2 and 0.5: 0.5.
- Porous tissue regeneration substrates were produced with two ratios of cosolvent 3-1 and cosolvent 3-2: 0.9: 0.1 and 0.1: 0.9.
- the pore diameter and bulk density of the obtained porous substrate were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 While heating at 60 ° C., 0.5 g of polylactide was dissolved in chloroform as the solvent 2, and then acetone (cosolvent 3-1) was used as the cosolvent 3 while maintaining the heating state, and then ethanol (cosolvent 3- 2) was added to a total of 2.8 mL, and 0.22 mL of water was further added as solvent 1 to obtain a uniform solution. Next, when the obtained uniform solution was put in a freezer and cooled to ⁇ 80 ° C., a porous body made of polylactide was precipitated. The obtained porous body was immersed in a 50 mL ethanol bath at ⁇ 70 ° C.
- Porous tissue regeneration substrates were produced with two ratios of cosolvent 3-1 and cosolvent 3-2: 1.8: 1.0 and 1.0: 1.8.
- the pore diameter and bulk density of the obtained porous substrate were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 4 (1) Production of artificial blood vessel At room temperature of 25 ° C., 0.25 g of L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer (molar ratio 50:50), 0.2 mL of water as solvent 1 and methyl ethyl ketone as solvent 2 2.5 mL was mixed into a mixed solution containing 0.8 mL of acetone as a cosolvent 3 and 0.2 mL of ethanol. A heterogeneous solution that did not dissolve the L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer was obtained. Subsequently, the obtained heterogeneous solution was heated to 60 ° C.
- a rod-shaped body made of stainless steel with a fluorine coating having a diameter of 0.6 mm was placed in a glass tube having an inner diameter of 1.1 mm, and the obtained uniform solution was poured into the gap between the rod-shaped body and the glass tube.
- a porous body composed of L-lactide- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer was deposited around the rod-shaped body.
- the obtained porous body was immersed in a 50 mL ethanol bath at ⁇ 30 ° C. for 12 hours, and then immersed in a 50 mL water bath at 25 ° C. for 12 hours for washing. Thereafter, freeze-drying was performed at ⁇ 40 ° C. to obtain a tubular porous body.
- Polyglycolide and polylactide were dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol to prepare hexafluoroisopropanol solutions having a polyglycolide concentration of 10% by weight and a polylactide concentration of 10% by weight, respectively.
- the hexafluoroisopropanol solution was discharged onto the surface of the rod-shaped body using an electrospinning apparatus using the rod-shaped body on which the tubular porous body was formed as a collector electrode. At this time, the rod-shaped body was rotated, and the prepared hexafluoroisopropanol solution was filled in two nozzles, respectively, and discharged while reciprocating multiple times to form an ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer.
- the electrospinning conditions were a voltage of ⁇ 40 kV and a nozzle diameter of 23G.
- the rod-shaped body was pulled out to obtain a tube-shaped artificial blood vessel having an outer diameter of about 1090 ⁇ m and an inner diameter of about 610 ⁇ m.
- a tube-shaped artificial blood vessel has a skin layer having a relatively small pore diameter in the innermost layer (average pore diameter measured by the same method as in Experimental Example 1 is 4.3 ⁇ m), and a porous material having a relatively large pore diameter around the skin layer. It was a three-layer structure having a porous layer (with an average pore diameter of 23.2 ⁇ m) and an ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric layer on the porous layer.
- FIG. 2 shows a photomicrograph image obtained by staining the obtained specimen with hematoxylin-eosin (HE staining).
- HE staining hematoxylin-eosin
- FIG. 2 and 3 it can be confirmed that extremely normal blood vessels without thickening or calcification are regenerated.
- a method for producing a porous tissue regeneration substrate a method for producing an artificial blood vessel, and an artificial blood vessel, which have a wide range of solvent options and can easily adjust the bulk density and pore diameter of the porous substrate. can do.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、臨床において人工血管として最も使用されているのはゴアテックス等の非吸収性高分子を用いたものであるが、非吸収性高分子を用いた人工血管は、移植後長期にわたって異物が体内に残存することから、継続的に抗凝固剤等を投与しなければならないという問題があり、小児に使用した場合には成長に伴って改めて手術する必要が生じるという問題もあった。これに対して、再生医療による血管組織の再生が試みられている。
再生医療用の基材として、生体吸収性高分子からなる多孔質基材が提案されている。生体吸収性高分子からなる多孔質基材を再生医療の基材として用いることにより、その空隙部分に細胞が侵入して増殖し、早期に組織が再生される。そして一定期間経過後には分解して生体に吸収されることから、再手術により取り出す必要もない。
しかしながら、特許文献1に記載された方法では、生体吸収性高分子溶液中に粒子を均一に分散させることが困難であり、粒子の沈降等により得られる多孔質基材の孔径分布が不均一となるという問題があった。また、粒子を完全に除去するためには煩雑な工程が必要となった。更に、生体吸収性高分子溶液が高粘度の場合には、実質的に製造ができないという問題もあった。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
上記生体吸収性高分子としては、例えば、ポリグリコリド、ポリラクチド、ポリ-ε-カプロラクトン、ラクチド-グリコール酸共重合体、グリコリド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体、ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体、ポリクエン酸、ポリリンゴ酸、ポリ-α-シアノアクリレート、ポリ-β-ヒドロキシ酸、ポリトリメチレンオキサレート、ポリテトラメチレンオキサレート、ポリオルソエステル、ポリオルソカーボネート、ポリエチレンカーボネート、ポリ-γ-ベンジル-L-グルタメート、ポリ-γ-メチル-L-グルタメート、ポリ-L-アラニン、ポリグリコールセバスチン酸等の合成高分子や、デンプン、アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸、キチン、ペクチン酸及びその誘導体等の多糖類や、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、アルブミン、フィブリン等のタンパク質等の天然高分子等が挙げられる。これらの生体吸収性材料は単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
上記溶媒1としては、上記生体吸収性高分子が合成高分子である場合には、例えば、水、メタノール、n-プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n-ブタノール等を用いることができる。なかでも、取り扱い性に優れることから、水が好適である。
上記溶媒2は、上記溶媒1と相溶しないものである。ここで相溶しないとは、25℃の室温下で混合、撹拌しても相分離することを意味する。
上記溶媒1と溶媒2との合計と上記共溶媒3の配合比は特に限定されないが、溶媒1と溶媒2との合計と共溶媒3が重量比で1:0.01~1:0.5の範囲内であることが好ましい。この範囲内であると、均一な多孔質組織再生基材を製造することができる。より好ましくは、1:0.02~1:0.3の範囲内である。
そこで本発明の多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法では、上記共溶媒3を2種以上組み合わせて用いることが好ましい(以下、共溶媒3に含まれる2種以上の溶媒を「共溶媒3-1」、「共溶媒3-2」、・・・ともいう。)。上記共溶媒3を2種以上組み合わせて、例えば、共溶媒3-1と共溶媒3-2の配合比を調整することにより、得られる多孔質組織再生基材の孔径を制御することができる。即ち、上記溶媒1と溶媒2と共溶媒3の配合比を一定としたまま、共溶媒3に含まれる共溶媒3-1と共溶媒3-2の配合比を調整することにより、得られる多孔質体の孔径を制御することができる。これは、得られる多孔質組織再生基材のかさ密度をほぼ一定として、孔径のみを調整可能なことを意味する。このような本発明の多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法によれば、任意の孔径とかさ密度を有する多孔質組織再生基材を製造することが容易になる。
より具体的に上記均一溶液を調製する方法としては、例えば、生体吸収性高分子と、上記溶媒1、溶媒2及び共溶媒3を含む混合溶媒(以下、単に「混合溶媒」ともいう。)を混合した後、加熱する方法が挙げられる。また、より容易に均一溶液を調製する方法として、例えば、上記混合溶媒を予め加熱し、該加熱した混合溶媒に生体吸収性高分子を加える方法や、生体吸収性高分子をいったん溶媒2に溶解した後、加熱しながら溶媒1及び共溶媒3を加える方法等も挙げられる。
上記混合方法は特に限定されず、例えば、スターラチップ、撹拌棒等を用いた公知の混合方法を用いることができる。
なお、得られる多孔質組織再生基材の孔径は冷却速度にも影響される。具体的には、冷却速度が速いと孔径が小さくなり、冷却速度が遅いと孔径が大きくなる傾向がある。従って、特に孔径の小さい多孔質組織再生基材を得る場合には、冷却温度を低く設定して急速に冷却することが考えられる。
上記凍結乾燥工程は、上記冷却工程後にそのまま行ってもよいが、溶媒として用いた各種有機溶媒を除去する目的で、予めエタノールや水等に多孔質体を浸漬して置換してから、凍結乾燥を行ってもよい。
得られた多孔質組織再生基材は、例えば、血管、神経等の再生に特に好適に用いることができる。
なかでも、本発明の多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法により得られたチューブ状の人工血管は、極めて優れた性能を発揮することができる。
以下、本発明の多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法を用いた人工血管の製造についてより詳しく説明する。
具体的には、上記溶解工程で得られた均一溶液を、棒状体の表面に塗工する塗工工程を行った後に、棒状体の表面の均一溶液を冷却して、棒状体の周りに生体吸収性高分子からなるチューブ状の多孔質体を析出させる析出工程を行う。
ここで本発明者らは、上記棒状体として、特にステンレスや樹脂被覆ステンレス等の金属からなる棒状体を用いた場合には、得られたチューブ状の人工血管を移植したときに、肥厚化や石灰化の起こりにくい、極めて正常な血管が再生されることを見出した。
これは、上記棒状体の表面の均一溶液を冷却して、棒状体の周りに生体吸収性高分子からなるチューブ状の多孔質体を析出させる析出工程を行う際に、熱伝導性の高い金属からなる棒状体に接するチューブの内側部分では急速に冷却されるため、その周りの部分(以下、「多孔質層」ともいう。)に比べて相対的に孔径の小さい層(以下、「スキン層」ともいう。)が形成されるためと考えられる。血管が再生されるためには、人工血管全体としては細胞が侵入できる充分な孔径の孔が形成されている必要がある。一方、直接血流と接する内側部分では、肥厚化や石灰化の原因となる血小板の付着を防止することが重要である。チューブ状の人工血管の内側に上記スキン層が形成されることにより、血流と接する内側部分では血小板の付着を防止でき、かつ、その他の部分では細胞が容易に侵入できるため、正常な血管が再生されるものと考えられる。
更に、棒状体の種類や冷却方法を調整することにより、内側にスキン層を有し、かつ、該スキン層の周りの多孔質層の孔径が外側にいくに従い大きくなる形態の人工血管も製造することができる。(この態様のチューブ状の人工血管の断面の電子顕微鏡写真を図4に示した。)なお、逆に、外側にスキン層を有し、かつ、該スキン層の内側の多孔質層の孔径が内側にいくに従い大きくなる形態の人工血管も製造することも可能である。
なお、得られるチューブ状の多孔質体は、析出工程において若干収縮することから、棒状体や筒状体の抜き取りは容易であるが、予め棒状体や筒状体の表面にコーティング等の滑り加工を施しておいてもよい。
本発明の人工血管を移植することにより、肥厚化や石灰化の起こりにくい、極めて正常な血管を再生することができる。
とりわけ内径が2.0~5.0mm程度の抹消血管の再生にも利用可能な人工血管は、従来の方法では製造が困難であったが、本発明の人工血管の製造方法によれば容易に製造することができる。
上記多孔質層の孔構造は、上記スキン層と比較すると非常に疎な構造であり、上記スキン層と連通している。更に好ましい孔構造は、大きさのそろった連通孔(連通された空隙)が存在するものであり、特に好ましい孔構造は、大きさのそろった連通孔(連通された空隙)が存在するとともに孔壁自体にも少なくとも1つ以上の孔や穴が存在するものである。
上記多孔質層の孔壁自体の少なくとも1つ以上の孔や穴の最大径は、上記多孔質層の孔構造を構成する孔径と同じか、それ以下であることが好ましい。上記多孔質層の孔壁自体の少なくとも1つ以上の孔や穴の最大径の好ましい上限は500μmであり、より好ましい上限は400μm、更に好ましい上限は300μmである。
なかでも、上記極細繊維不織布層を構成する生体吸収性高分子として生体吸収性の異なる2種以上の生体吸収性高分子を組み合わせて用いることが好ましい。上記極細繊維不織布層を設けることにより人工血管の強度を向上させることができる一方、極細繊維不織布層により細胞の侵入が妨げられ、血管再生が遅延したり、石灰化の原因となったりすることがある。生体吸収性の異なる2種以上の生体吸収性高分子を組み合わせて極細繊維不織布層を構成することにより、この点を著しく改善することができる。
例えば、相対的に生体吸収性の高いポリグリコリドと、相対的に生体吸収性の低いポリラクチドとを組み合わせて極細繊維不織布層を構成する。この場合、特に強度が求められる移植直後の比較的初期においては、2種の生体吸収性高分子のいずれもが分解せずに存在することから、高い強度向上効果を発揮できる。その後、徐々に生体吸収性の高いポリグリコリドが分解され吸収されていくに従って、極細繊維不織布層に空隙が生成する。この空隙により細胞の侵入が容易となり、血管再生が促進され、石灰化を防止することができる。
(1)多孔質組織再生基材の製造
25℃の室温下にて、L-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体(モル比50:50)0.25gと、溶媒1として水0.3mL、溶媒2としてメチルエチルケトン2.0mL、共溶媒3としてアセトン(共溶媒3-1)とエタノール(共溶媒3-2)との混合物1.0mLを含有する混合溶液に混合した。L-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体を溶解しない不均一溶液が得られた。
次いで、得られた不均一溶液を直径3.3mmのガラス管に入れて60℃に加熱したところ、L-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体が溶解した均一溶液が得られた。
次いで、得られた均一溶液を冷凍庫内に入れることにより4℃又は-24℃に冷却したところ、L-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体からなる多孔質体が析出した。
得られた多孔質体を、50mLのエタノール槽中に4℃又は-24℃、12時間浸漬し、次いで、50mLの水槽中に25℃、12時間浸漬して洗浄を行った。
その後、-40℃の条件で凍結乾燥を行い、直径3.0mm、高さ15mmの円柱状の多孔質組織再生基材を得た。
共溶媒3-1と共溶媒3-2の比を0.8:0.2と0.5:0.5の2通りとして、多孔質組織再生基材を製造した。
以下の方法により得られた多孔質基材の孔径及びかさ密度を測定した。
結果を表1に示した。
円柱状の多孔質組織再生基材を切断し、その断面の中央付近を倍率1000倍又は8000倍の電子顕微鏡写真で撮影した。得られた電子顕微鏡像の任意の10点の孔の直径(長径)を測定し、その平均値を平均孔径とした。
得られた血管基材の体積と重量を測定し、質量を体積で除してかさ密度を算出した。各々3回の測定を行い、その平均値をかさ密度とした。
25℃の室温下にて、ポリラクチド0.5gと、溶媒1として水0.15mL、溶媒2としてクロロホルム6.0mL、共溶媒3としてテトラヒドロフラン(共溶媒3-1)とエタノール(共溶媒3-2)との混合物1.0mLを含有する混合溶液を60℃にて加熱しながら混合したところポリラクチドが溶解した均一溶液が得られた。
次いで、得られた均一溶液を冷凍庫内に入れることにより-80℃に冷却したところ、ポリラクチドからなる多孔質体が析出した。
得られた多孔質体を、50mLのエタノール槽中に-70℃、12時間浸漬し、次いで、50mLの水槽中に25℃、12時間浸漬して洗浄を行った。
その後、-40℃の条件で凍結乾燥を行い、多孔質組織再生基材を得た。
共溶媒3-1と共溶媒3-2の比を0.9:0.1と0.1:0.9の2通りとして、多孔質組織再生基材を製造した。
実験例1と同様の方法により、得られた多孔質基材の孔径及びかさ密度を測定した。
結果を表2に示した。
60℃に加熱しながら、ポリラクチド0.5gを溶媒2としてクロロホルムに溶解させた後、加熱状態を維持したまま共溶媒3としてアセトン(共溶媒3-1)を、次にエタノール(共溶媒3-2)を計2.8mLになるように加え、更に溶媒1として水を0.22mL加え、均一溶液を得た。次いで得られた均一溶液を冷凍庫内に入れることにより-80℃に冷却したところ、ポリラクチドからなる多孔質体が析出した。
得られた多孔質体を、50mLのエタノール槽中に-70℃、12時間浸漬し、次いで、50mLの水槽中に25℃、12時間浸漬して洗浄を行った。
その後、-40℃の条件で凍結乾燥を行い、多孔質組織再生基材を得た。
共溶媒3-1と共溶媒3-2の比を1.8:1.0と1.0:1.8の2通りとして、多孔質組織再生基材を製造した。
実験例1と同様の方法により、得られた多孔質基材の孔径及びかさ密度を測定した。
結果を表3に示した。
(1)人工血管の製造
25℃の室温下にて、L-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体(モル比50:50)0.25gと、溶媒1として水0.2 mL、溶媒2としてメチルエチルケトン2.5mL、共溶媒3としてアセトン0.8mL及びエタノール0.2mLを含有する混合溶液に混合した。L-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体を溶解しない不均一溶液が得られた。
次いで、得られた不均一溶液を60℃に加熱したところ、L-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体が溶解した均一溶液が得られた。
直径0.6mmのフッ素コーティングを施したステンレスからなる棒状体を、内径1.1mmのガラス管の中に配置し、該棒状体とガラス管との隙間に得られた均一溶液を流し込んだ。その状態で、冷凍庫内に入れることにより-30℃に冷却したところ、棒状体の周りにL-ラクチド-ε-カプロラクトン共重合体からなる多孔質体が析出した。得られた多孔質体を、50mLのエタノール槽中に-30℃、12時間浸漬し、次いで、50mLの水槽中に25℃、12時間浸漬して洗浄を行った。
その後、-40℃の条件で凍結乾燥を行い、チューブ状の多孔質体を得た。
チューブ状の多孔質体が形成された棒状体をコレクタ電極として、電界紡糸装置を用いて、棒状体の表面に該ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール溶液を吐出させた。このとき、棒状体を回転させ、調整されたヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール溶液をそれぞれ二つのノズルに充填させ複数回往復させながら吐出することにより極細繊維不織布層を形成した。
なお、電界紡糸の条件は、電圧-40kV、ノズル径23Gとした。
最後に、棒状体を引き抜いて、外径約1090μm、内径約610μmのチューブ状の人工血管を得た。
チューブ状の人工血管は、最内層に相対的に孔径が小さなスキン層(実験例1と同様の方法により測定した平均孔径が4.3μm)、該スキン層の周りに相対的に孔径が大きな多孔質層(同平均孔径が23.2μm)及び該多孔質層上に極細繊維不織布層を有する3層構造であった。
実験例4で得られた人工血管について、以下の方法にて動物実験による評価を行った。マウスの腹部大動脈の一部を切除し、実験例4で得られた人工血管に置換した。計10検体の試験を行い、術後8週間の次点で10検体全てが生存し、血管の閉塞等は全く認められなかった。
図2及び図3より、肥厚化や石灰化のない、極めて正常な血管が再生されることが確認できる。
Claims (8)
- 生体吸収性材料からなる多孔質のチューブ状の人工血管であって、最内層に相対的に孔径が小さなスキン層を有し、該スキン層の周りに相対的に孔径が大きな多孔質層を有することを特徴とする人工血管。
- 多孔質層上に、生体吸収性高分子からなる、繊維径10~5000nmの極細繊維からなる極細繊維不織布層を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の人工血管。
- 極細繊維不織布層は、生体吸収性の異なる2種以上の生体吸収性高分子からなることを特徴とする請求項2記載の人工血管。
- 生体吸収性材料からなる多孔質のチューブ状の人工血管を製造する方法であって、
生体吸収性高分子と、前記生体吸収性高分子に対して相対的に溶解度の低い溶媒1と、前記生体吸収性高分子に対して相対的に溶解度が高く、かつ、前記溶媒1と相溶しない溶媒2と、前記溶媒1及び溶媒2と相溶する共溶媒3とを用いて、前記生体吸収性高分子を溶解した均一溶液を調製する溶解工程と、
前記均一溶液を、棒状体の表面に塗工する塗工工程と、
前記棒状体の表面の均一溶液を冷却して、棒状体の周りに生体吸収性高分子からなるチューブ状の多孔質体を析出させる析出工程と、
前記チューブ状の多孔質体を凍結乾燥してチューブ状の人工血管を得る凍結乾燥工程を有する
ことを特徴とする人工血管の製造方法。 - 棒状体は、金属からなることを特徴とする請求項4記載の人工血管の製造方法。
- 更に、チューブ状の多孔質体の表面に、電界紡糸法により生体吸収性材料からなる極細繊維を吐出して、前記チューブ状の多孔質体上に極細繊維不織布層を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項4又は5記載の人工血管の製造方法。
- 生体吸収性高分子からなる多孔質の組織再生基材を製造する方法であって、
生体吸収性高分子と、前記生体吸収性高分子に対して相対的に溶解度の低い溶媒1と、前記生体吸収性高分子に対して相対的に溶解度が高く、かつ、前記溶媒1と相溶しない溶媒2と、前記溶媒1及び溶媒2と相溶する共溶媒3とを用いて、前記生体吸収性高分子を溶解した均一溶液を調製する溶解工程と、
前記均一溶液を冷却して生体吸収性高分子からなる多孔質体を析出させる析出工程と、
前記生体吸収性高分子からなる多孔質体を凍結乾燥して多孔質組織再生基材を得る凍結乾燥工程を有する
ことを特徴とする多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法。 - 共溶媒3を2種以上用いるものであって、前記2種以上の共溶媒3の配合比を調整することにより、得られる多孔質体の孔径を制御することを特徴とする請求項7記載の多孔質組織再生基材の製造方法。
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