WO2017000395A1 - 电磁式多轴疲劳试验机 - Google Patents

电磁式多轴疲劳试验机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017000395A1
WO2017000395A1 PCT/CN2015/090134 CN2015090134W WO2017000395A1 WO 2017000395 A1 WO2017000395 A1 WO 2017000395A1 CN 2015090134 W CN2015090134 W CN 2015090134W WO 2017000395 A1 WO2017000395 A1 WO 2017000395A1
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Prior art keywords
loading
electromagnet
permanent magnet
testing machine
test piece
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PCT/CN2015/090134
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吉伯海
谢发祥
陈林
傅中秋
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河海大学
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Application filed by 河海大学 filed Critical 河海大学
Priority to KR1020177012601A priority Critical patent/KR101941536B1/ko
Priority to EP15896925.3A priority patent/EP3182091B1/en
Priority to AU2015400946A priority patent/AU2015400946B2/en
Priority to US15/523,952 priority patent/US10018544B2/en
Priority to JP2017525558A priority patent/JP6343098B2/ja
Publication of WO2017000395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017000395A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/04—Chucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/26—Investigating twisting or coiling properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0021—Torsional
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0023—Bending
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
    • G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/62—Manufacturing, calibrating, or repairing devices used in investigations covered by the preceding subgroups

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an instrument for testing the strength characteristics of a solid material by mechanical stress, in particular to an electromagnetic multi-axis fatigue testing machine, belonging to the field of structural testing.
  • Fatigue failure is one of the most important forms of failure of engineering structural components, which endangers safety and causes huge economic losses. Therefore, all countries in the world attach great importance to the research work in the field of fatigue fracture. Domestic and foreign authors have done a lot of research on uniaxial fatigue theory, and accumulated rich experience and valuable data. However, there are few domestic researches on multi-axial fatigue of building structures. Some special or new structural details in steel bridge structures, such as cable-stayed anchorage of cable-stayed bridges, orthotropic steel bridge decks, integral joints and pipe structure welding Nodes, etc., exhibit strong multiaxial effects in terms of fatigue behavior. Therefore, the study of multiaxial fatigue is closer to engineering practice than uniaxial fatigue.
  • Chinese patent document CN103994936A discloses an energy-saving horizontal high-tonnage fatigue experimental device, which is applied to the fields of mechanical design and metal material performance testing.
  • An energy-saving horizontal high-tonnage fatigue experimental device comprising a casing, an actuating cylinder, an actuating cylinder piston rod, an actuating cylinder inlet and outlet oil line, a hydraulic servo flow valve, a first accumulator, and a second storage And an electromagnetic loading device;
  • the electromagnetic loading device comprises a soft magnet, an electromagnet, a load sensor, an electromagnetic loading rod and an electromagnetic controller. It is combined with the traditional double-bar high-tonnage fatigue testing machine through the electromagnetic loading device.
  • the electromagnetic loading is started after the existing high-tonnage cylinder is loaded to the average load required for the test, and is used to save the pressure of the cylinder. Energy is required, and the cylinder needs to be started at the beginning, and is limited to the single-axis fatigue test.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional electromagnetic multi-axis fatigue testing machine which is loaded by electromagnetic principle without mechanical friction to improve test efficiency, reduce test noise and test Check the cost.
  • the electromagnetic multi-axis fatigue testing machine comprises a test piece fixing table and a loading mechanism on a frame, the loading mechanism is an electromagnetic loading mechanism, and the electromagnetic loading mechanism includes The first loading device is loaded in a bend, and the second loading device is used for axial and torsional loading.
  • the first loading device includes a first permanent magnet and a first electromagnet, and a magnetic force generated between the first permanent magnet and the first electromagnet is orthogonal to an axial direction of the test piece.
  • the first permanent magnet is mounted on a test piece, and the first electromagnet is mounted on a frame.
  • the first permanent magnet is mounted on a frame, and the first electromagnet is mounted on the test piece.
  • the second loading device includes a second permanent magnet and a second electromagnet mounted on the oscillating pair, and a magnetic force generated between the second permanent magnet and the second electromagnet is parallel to an axial direction of the test piece.
  • the oscillating pair includes an active oscillating beam, a driven oscillating beam and a movement, and the driven oscillating beam is clamped on the test piece, and the active oscillating beam is coupled to the movement.
  • the second permanent magnet is mounted on the driven swing beam, and the second electromagnet is mounted on the active swing beam, and the second permanent magnet is a pair of permanent magnets whose center of the test piece is symmetric
  • the second electromagnet is a pair of electromagnets that are mounted with the axis of the test piece as a center of symmetry.
  • the second permanent magnet is mounted on the active oscillating beam
  • the second electromagnet is mounted on the driven oscillating beam.
  • the movement includes a variable frequency motor, a pair of cams mounted at both ends of the output shaft of the variable frequency motor, and a set of transmission rods mated with the cam, the transmission rod being coupled to the driven swing beam.
  • the movement is mounted on a lifting device, and the active swinging beam and the driven swinging beam have a chute for adjusting the position of the second permanent magnet or the second electromagnet, and the sliding groove has a scale.
  • the rack has a track for adjusting a distance between the loading mechanism and the test piece
  • the frame has a track for adjusting the height of the movement
  • the frame has a fixed machine Core movement lock disk.
  • the rack mainly includes a test piece fixing table, a movable frame, a moving base and a test machine base.
  • the first electromagnet is mounted on the electromagnet base, and the electromagnet base is connected to the moving base.
  • the first electromagnet is lifted and lowered and moved and fixed in the first electromagnet moving channel on the test machine base through the base locking switch.
  • the second electromagnet is mounted on the active oscillating beam, and the active oscillating beam is driven by the movement.
  • the movement mainly includes a variable frequency motor, a first cam, a second cam, a swing shaft, a main swing lever, an auxiliary swing lever, a first horizontal transmission lever, a second horizontal transmission lever, an auxiliary positioning shaft, a vertical transmission lever and a roller.
  • the main swing lever, the auxiliary swing lever and the pair of vertical transmission rods form a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism.
  • the first cam and the second cam are respectively installed on both sides of the variable frequency motor, and the first cam and the second cam are installed in reverse when installed.
  • One end of the swing shaft and the first and second horizontal transmission rods are respectively fixed with the active swing beam, and the other end of the swing shaft is fixed with the main swing rod, the first and second horizontal transmission rods The other end is hinged to the main swing lever.
  • the vertical transmission rods are respectively hinged with the main swing rod and the auxiliary swing rod, and the bottom end of the vertical transmission rod is mounted with a roller, and the rollers are respectively in contact with the first and second cams.
  • the variable frequency motor rotates to drive the No. 1 cam and the No. 2 cam to rotate.
  • the reversely mounted No. 1 and No. 2 cams transmit the power to the vertical transmission rod through the roller, and the vertical transmission rod transmits the power shifted up and down to the first.
  • a horizontal transmission rod and a second horizontal transmission rod are finally driven by the first horizontal transmission rod and the second horizontal transmission rod to rotate the active oscillating beam around the oscillating shaft.
  • the movement is installed in a movable frame. Under the action of the jack, the movement moves up and down the movement through the movement lifting rail, so that the second electromagnet can adapt to the height required for different types of fatigue specimens. . When the movement reaches the required test height, the movement is locked at this height by the movement lock disk to ensure that the test machine remains stable during operation.
  • the test piece was mounted on the test piece fixing table, and the driven swing beam was attached to the end of the test piece.
  • the first permanent magnet was mounted on the lower part of the driven swing beam, and the second permanent magnet was mounted on the front part.
  • the moving base is adjusted such that the first electromagnet is at a suitable height directly below the first permanent magnet, and the first electromagnet is positioned and locked by the base locking switch.
  • the height of the movement is adjusted such that the second electromagnet and the second permanent magnet are in the same horizontal position.
  • the movable rack is moved so that the horizontal distance between the second electromagnet and the second permanent magnet is appropriate, and finally the movable rack is fixed.
  • the principle of the electromagnetic multi-axis fatigue testing machine is:
  • the first electromagnet generates magnetic forces of different directions and sizes by controlling the magnitude of the current, the direction of the current, and the speed of change of the current direction, forming a variable amplitude, a variable frequency attraction force or a repulsive force on the first permanent magnet, thereby making the driven swing beam
  • the clamped test piece produces a bending cycle loading effect
  • the second electromagnet generates magnetic forces of different magnitudes by controlling the magnitude of the current and the rate of change of the current magnitude, forming a pulsed attraction force to the second permanent magnet, thereby causing an axial cyclic loading effect of the test piece.
  • the second electromagnet applies an axial magnetic load to the test piece
  • the active swinging beam reciprocates and swings
  • the second electromagnet attracts the second permanent magnet to generate a torsional cyclic loading effect on the test piece.
  • the second electromagnet and the second permanent magnet can be moved left and right on the active oscillating beam and the driven oscillating beam respectively, and the torsional moment and the torsional amplitude are changed by changing the force arm.
  • the scale is engraved with a scale ruler to facilitate the adjustment of the length of the arm.
  • the invention is loaded by electromagnetic principle, and without mechanical friction, the test efficiency can be improved, the test noise and the test cost can be reduced.
  • the three loading modes can be achieved in a single-axis loading mode when used alone, and the multi-axis loading mode can be achieved when used in combination.
  • the loading mode is selected according to the working principle of the fatigue testing machine and the loading type required for the fatigued test piece.
  • the following multi-axis loading modes can be realized: 1) bending and axial biaxial loading; 2) bending and Torsional biaxial loading; 3) axial and torsional biaxial loading; 4) simultaneous loading of bending, axial and torsional three axes.
  • the present invention can also perform bending, axial and torsional uniaxial according to test requirements. load.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of an electromagnetic multi-axis fatigue testing machine device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of Figure 2 after the test piece is installed
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A ⁇ A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B ⁇ B of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C ⁇ C of Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a right side view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the movement of Figure 4.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D ⁇ D of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E and E of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the working state of Figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the movement shell of Figure 9;
  • the testing machine mainly comprises a test piece fixing table 1, a movable frame 2, a testing machine base 3, a first electromagnet 6, a second electromagnet 7, a first permanent magnet 15, and a second.
  • the lifting and lowering of an electromagnet and the movement and fixing of the first electromagnet moving channel 5 on the base of the testing machine are adapted to the requirements of different test piece sizes.
  • the second electromagnet is mounted on the active oscillating beam, and the active oscillating beam is driven by the movement.
  • a test piece of a fatigueable part in the steel bridge is used as the test piece 39, and the test piece fixing bolt 22 is mounted on the test piece fixing table and fixed by the driven swing beam.
  • the bolt 21 and the card 14 are attached to the end portion of the test piece, and the first permanent magnet 15 is attached to the lower portion of the driven swing beam, and the second permanent magnet 16 is attached to the front portion.
  • the moving base is adjusted such that the first electromagnet 6 is at a suitable height directly below the first permanent magnet 15, and the first electromagnet 6 is positioned and locked by the base locking switch.
  • the height of the movement is adjusted such that the second electromagnet 7 and the second permanent magnet 16 are in the same horizontal position.
  • the rack rail 4 the movable rack 2 is moved so that the horizontal spacing of the second electromagnet 7 and the second permanent magnet 16 is appropriate, and finally the movable rack 2 is fixed by the rack fixing bolt 20.
  • the movement is installed in a movable frame, and under the action of the jack 18, the movement moves up and down through the movement lifting rail 19, so that the second electromagnet can adapt to different types.
  • the required height of the fatigue test piece When the movement reaches the required test height, the movement is locked at this height by the movement lock disk 12 to ensure that the test machine remains stable during operation.
  • the second electromagnet and the second permanent magnet can be adjusted to the left and right movements on the active oscillating beam and the driven oscillating beam respectively, and the torsion is changed by changing the force arm.
  • the scale is engraved with a scale ruler to facilitate the adjustment of the length of the arm.
  • a panel hole 23 and a back plate hole 24 are provided on the movable frame for facilitating the swing of the first horizontal transmission rod and the second horizontal transmission rod.
  • a transmission rod hole 34 is arranged on the movement shell, and at the same time, the movement shaft hole 36 is provided on the movement shell, the auxiliary positioning shaft fixing position 37, and the variable frequency motor fixing position 38 are provided.
  • the movement mainly includes an inverter motor 32, a first cam 33a, a second cam 33b, a swing shaft 29, a main swing lever 25, an auxiliary swing lever 26, and a first horizontal transmission lever 31a. a second horizontal transmission rod 31b, an auxiliary positioning shaft 30, a vertical transmission rod 27, and a roller 28, wherein the first cam and the second cam are respectively mounted on two sides of the variable frequency motor, and the first cam and the second cam are oppositely mounted during installation. .
  • One end of the swinging shaft and the first and second horizontal transmission rods are respectively fixed with the active swinging beam, and the other end of the swinging shaft is fixed with the main swinging rod, the first and second horizontal transmissions
  • the other end of the rod is hinged to the main swing lever.
  • One end of the auxiliary positioning shaft is fixed on the movement shell, and the other end is hinged to the auxiliary swing rod.
  • the vertical transmission rods are respectively hinged with the main swing rod and the auxiliary swing rod, and the bottom end of the vertical transmission rod is mounted with a roller, and the rollers are respectively in contact with the first and second cams.
  • the variable frequency motor rotates to drive the No. 1 cam and the No. 2 cam to rotate.
  • the reversely mounted No. 1 and No. 2 cams transmit the power to the vertical transmission rod through the roller, and the vertical transmission rod will be staggered up and down.
  • the power is transmitted to the first horizontal transmission rod and the second horizontal transmission rod respectively, and finally the first horizontal transmission rod and the second horizontal transmission rod drive the active oscillating beam to make a reciprocating oscillating motion about the oscillating shaft.
  • the loading mode is selected according to the working principle of the fatigue testing machine and the loading type required for the fatigued test piece.
  • the following multi-axis loading modes can be realized: 1) bending and axial biaxial loading; 2) bending and Torsional biaxial loading; 3) axial and torsional biaxial loading; 4) simultaneous loading of bending, axial and torsional three axes.
  • the present invention can also perform uniaxial loading of bending, axial, and torsion according to experimental needs.
  • the principle of the electromagnetic multi-axis fatigue testing machine is as follows: 1.
  • the first electromagnet 6 generates magnetic force of different directions and sizes by controlling the current magnitude, the current direction and the current direction changing speed, and forms a variable amplitude and frequency conversion on the first permanent magnet 15.
  • the attraction or repulsive force thereby causing the test piece clamped by the driven oscillating beam to produce a bending cycle loading effect;
  • the second electromagnet 7 generates different magnitudes of magnetic force by controlling the magnitude of the current and the rate of change of the current magnitude,
  • the second permanent magnet 16 forms a pulsed attraction force, thereby causing the test piece to produce an axial cyclic loading effect.
  • the active swinging beam 8 reciprocates and swings, and the attraction force of the second electromagnet to the second permanent magnet produces a torsional cyclic loading effect on the test piece.
  • the three loading modes can be achieved in a single-axis loading mode when used alone, and the multi-axis loading mode can be achieved when used in combination.

Abstract

一种电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，包括机架（2）上的试件固定台（1）、电磁加载机构，电磁加载机构包括用于弯曲加载的第一加载装置，以及用于轴向和扭转加载的第二加载装置。其中第一加载装置包括磁力方向与试件（39）轴向正交的第一永磁体（15）和第一电磁铁（6），第二加载装置包括安装在摆动副上的第二永磁体（16）与第二电磁铁（7），其磁力方向与试件（39）轴向平行。采用电磁原理加载，没有机械摩擦，而且可以根据试件（39）实际的受力需要，选择不同的加载模式，进行试件（39）的单轴或多轴疲劳试验，提高了试验效率，降低了试验噪音和试验成本。

Description

电磁式多轴疲劳试验机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用机械应力测试固体材料的强度特性的仪器，具体涉及一种电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，属于结构试验领域。
背景技术
疲劳失效是工程结构件最主要的破坏形式之一，它危及安全并造成巨大的经济损失。因此，世界各国都十分重视疲劳断裂领域的研究工作。国内外学者对单轴疲劳理论进行了大量研究，积累了丰富的经验和宝贵的数据。然而对于建筑结构的多轴疲劳问题国内研究的还很少，钢桥结构中的一些特殊或新型构造细节，如斜拉桥索梁锚固区、正交异性钢桥面板、整体节点和管结构焊接节点等，在疲劳行为方面表现出较强的多轴效应。因此，多轴疲劳的研究比单轴疲劳更加接近工程实际。
对等幅载荷作用下结构疲劳的研究，可以利用材料的S-N曲线来估算在不同应力水平下到达破坏所经历的循环次数。然而，针对两个或更多应力水平下循环加载，就无法直接使用S-N曲线来估算其寿命了，还必须借助于疲劳累积损伤准则，但对于疲劳累积损伤的研究已持续了数十年之久，至今未能得出一个令人满意的统一模型。而实际的结构往往处于复杂受力状态，因此仍需要通过大量实验，研究结构疲劳损伤规律。
目前针对结构疲劳试验研究，主要基于单轴疲劳试验，而对于多轴试验的开展则依赖MTS等大型加载设备，试验效率低且不经济。经检索，中国专利文献CN103994936A公开了一种节约能源的卧式高吨位疲劳实验装置，应用于机械设计和金属材料性能测试领域。一种节约能源的卧式高吨位疲劳实验装置，该装置包括壳体，作动缸，作动缸活塞杆，作动缸进出油管路，液压伺服流量阀，第一蓄能器，第二蓄能器和电磁加载装置；所述电磁加载装置包括软磁体，电磁体，载荷传感器、电磁加载作用杆和电磁控制器。其通过电磁加载装置与传统双出杆高吨位疲劳试验机相结合，电磁加载是在已有的高吨位作动缸加载到试验所需平均载荷之后才开启，用于节约作动缸保持压力所需能源，开始时还需要作动缸，且局限于单轴疲劳试验。
基于以上情况，设计一种新型的、能够模拟结构实际受力并且经济的多轴疲劳试验机已成为亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种多功能的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，采用电磁原理加载，没有机械摩擦，以提高试验效率、降低试验噪音和试 验成本。
技术方案：为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，包括机架上的试件固定台和加载机构，所述加载机构为电磁加载机构，所述电磁加载机构包括用于弯曲加载的第一加载装置，以及用于轴向和扭转加载的第二加载装置。
具体地，所述第一加载装置包括第一永磁体和第一电磁铁，所述第一永磁体与第一电磁铁之间产生的磁力方向与试件的轴向正交。
具体地，所述第一永磁体安装在试件上，所述第一电磁铁安装在机架上。
具体地，所述第一永磁体安装在机架上，所述第一电磁铁安装在试件上。
具体地，所述第二加载装置包括安装在摆动副上的第二永磁体和第二电磁铁，所述第二永磁体与第二电磁铁之间产生的磁力方向与试件的轴向平行，所述摆动副包括主动摆动横梁、从动摆动横梁和机芯，所述从动摆动横梁夹持在试件上，所述主动摆动横梁与机芯传动联接。
具体地，所述第二永磁体安装在从动摆动横梁上，所述第二电磁铁安装在主动摆动横梁上，所述第二永磁体是以试件轴心为对称中心的一对永磁体，所述第二电磁铁是以试件轴心为对称中心安装的一对电磁铁。
具体地，所述第二永磁体安装在主动摆动横梁上，所述第二电磁铁安装在从动摆动横梁上。
具体地，所述机芯包括变频电机，安装于变频电机输出轴两端的一对凸轮，以及与凸轮配合的一组传动杆，所述传动杆与从动摆动横梁相连接。
具体地，所述机芯安装于升降装置上，所述主动摆动横梁和从动摆动横梁上具有用于调整第二永磁体或第二电磁铁位置的滑槽，所述滑槽上具有刻度。
具体地，所述机架上具有用于调整所述加载机构与试件距离的轨道，所述机架上具有用于调整所述机芯高度的轨道，所述机架上具有固定所述机芯的机芯锁定盘。
其中机架主要包括试件固定台、可移动机架、移动底座和试验机底座。第一电磁铁安装在电磁铁底座上，并且电磁铁底座与移动底座连接，通过底座锁定开关实现第一电磁铁的升降和在试验机底座上的第一电磁铁移动槽道内移动和固定，以适应不同试件尺寸的要求。第二电磁铁安装在主动摆动横梁上，主动摆动横梁由机芯驱动。
机芯主要包括变频电机、一号凸轮、二号凸轮、摆动轴、主摆动杆、辅助摆动杆、第一水平传动杆、第二水平传动杆、辅助定位轴、垂直传动杆和滚轮。其中主摆动杆、辅助摆动杆和一对垂直传动杆组成平行四连杆机构。一号凸轮和二号凸轮分别安装在变频电机的两边，安装时一号凸轮与二号凸轮反向安装。摆动轴和第一、二水平传动杆的一端分别与主动摆动横梁固定，摆动轴的另一端与主摆动杆固定，第一、二水平传动杆 的另一端与主摆动杆铰接。辅助定位轴一端固定在机芯壳上，另一端与辅助摆动杆铰接。垂直传动杆分别与主摆动杆、辅助摆动杆相铰接，垂直传动杆底端安装有滚轮，并且滚轮分别与一、二号凸轮相接触。试验机工作时，变频电机转动，带动一号凸轮和二号凸轮转动，反向安装的一、二号凸轮将动力经滚轮传至垂直传动杆，垂直传动杆将上下错开的动力分别传给第一水平传动杆和第二水平传动杆，最终由第一水平传动杆和第二水平传动杆带动主动摆动横梁绕摆动轴作定轴往复摆动运动。
机芯安装在可移动机架内，机芯在千斤顶的作用下，通过机芯升降轨道实现机芯的上下的移动，以此实现第二电磁铁能够适应不同类型的疲劳试件所需的高度。当机芯到达所需的试验高度时，通过机芯锁定盘将机芯在此高度上锁定，以保证试验机在工作过程中保持稳固。
试验时，试件安装在试件固定台上，从动摆动横梁安装在试件端部，在从动摆动横梁下部安装有第一永磁体，前部安装有第二永磁体。调整移动底座，使第一电磁铁处在第一永磁体的正下方的合适高度，并通过底座锁定开关将第一电磁铁定位锁定。同时，调整机芯的高度，使第二电磁铁与第二永磁体处于同一水平位置。通过机架轨道，移动可移动机架，使第二电磁铁与第二永磁体的水平间距合适，最终将可移动机架固定。
本电磁式多轴疲劳试验机的原理是：
1、第一电磁铁通过控制电流大小、电流方向以及电流方向变化速度产生不同方向和大小的磁力，对第一永磁体形成变幅、变频的吸引力或者排斥力，由此使从动摆动横梁所夹住的试件产生弯曲循环加载效果；
2、第二电磁铁通过控制电流的大小和电流大小变化速度产生不同大小的磁力，对第二永磁体形成脉冲式吸引力，由此使试件产生轴向循环加载的效果。
3、在第二电磁铁对试件施加轴向磁力荷载的同时，主动摆动横梁往复摆动工作，通过第二电磁铁对第二永磁体的吸引力，对试件产生扭转循环加载的效果。同时，第二电磁铁和第二永磁体可以分别在主动摆动横梁、从动摆动横梁上左右移动调节，通过改变力臂来改变扭转力矩和扭转幅度的大小。横梁上刻有刻度标尺，能够方便调节力臂的长度。
有益效果：本发明采用电磁原理加载，没有机械摩擦，可以提高试验效率、降低试验噪音和试验成本。而且三种加载模式当单独使用时即可达到单轴加载的模式，当组合使用时即可达到多轴加载模式。进行疲劳试验时，根据疲劳试验机工作原理，以及疲劳试件所需的加载类型选择加载模式，具体可以实现以下几种多轴加载方式：1)弯曲和轴向双轴加载；2)弯曲和扭转双轴加载；3)轴向和扭转双轴加载；4)弯曲、轴向以及扭转三轴同时加载。此外，本发明亦可根据试验需要进行弯曲、轴向以及扭转的单轴 加载。
除了上面所述的本发明解决的技术问题、构成技术方案的技术特征以及由这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的优点外，本发明的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机所能解决的其他技术问题、技术方案中包含的其他技术特征以及这些技术特征带来的优点，将结合附图做出进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中电磁式多轴疲劳试验机装置的主视图；
图2是图1的俯视图；
图3是图2安装试件后的示意图；
图4是图3的A·A剖视图；
图5是图4的B·B剖视图；
图6是图4的C·C剖视图；
图7是图4的右视图；
图8是图4中机芯的结构示意图
图9是图8的D·D剖视图；
图10是图9的E·E剖视图；
图11是图9的工作状态示意图；
图12图9的机芯壳构造示意图；
图中：1试件固定台；2可移动机架；3试验机底座；4机架轨道；5第一电磁铁移动槽道；6第一电磁铁；7第二电磁铁；8主动摆动横梁；9电磁铁底座；10移动底座；11底座锁定开关；12机芯锁定盘；13从动摆动横梁；14卡片；15第一永磁体；16第二永磁体；17机芯；18千斤顶；19机芯升降轨道；20机架固定螺栓；21从动摆动横梁固定螺栓；22试件固定螺栓；23面板孔；24背板孔；25主摆动杆；26辅助摆动杆；27垂直传动杆；28滚轮；29摆动轴；30辅助定位轴；31a第一水平传动杆；31b第二水平传动杆；32变频电机；33a一号凸轮；33b二号凸轮；34传动杆孔；35机芯升降轨道槽；36传动轴孔；37辅助定位轴固定位置；38变频电机固定位置；39试件。
具体实施方式
实施例：
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本 发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。
如图1和图2所示，试验机主要包括试件固定台1、可移动机架2、试验机底座3、第一电磁铁6、第二电磁铁7、第一永磁体15、第二永磁体16、主动摆动横梁8、从动摆动横梁13、机芯17，其中第一电磁铁安装在电磁铁底座9上，并且电磁铁底座9与移动底座10连接，通过底座锁定开关11实现第一电磁铁的升降和在试验机底座上的第一电磁铁移动槽道5内移动和固定，以适应不同试件尺寸的要求。第二电磁铁安装在主动摆动横梁上，主动摆动横梁由机芯驱动。
如图3和图4所示，试验时，采用钢桥中的某一易疲劳部位试件作为试件39，通过试件固定螺栓22安装在试件固定台上，并通过从动摆动横梁固定螺栓21和卡片14将从动摆动横梁13安装在试件端部，在从动摆动横梁下部安装有第一永磁体15，前部安装有第二永磁体16。调整移动底座，使第一电磁铁6处在第一永磁体15的正下方的合适高度，并通过底座锁定开关将第一电磁铁6定位锁定。同时，调整机芯的高度，使第二电磁铁7与第二永磁体16处于同一水平位置。通过机架轨道4，移动可移动机架2，使第二电磁铁7与第二永磁体16的水平间距合适，最终通过机架固定螺栓20将可移动机架2固定。
如图4所示，机芯安装在可移动机架内，机芯在千斤顶18的作用下，通过机芯升降轨道19实现机芯的上下的移动，以此实现第二电磁铁能够适应不同类型的疲劳试件所需的高度。当机芯到达所需的试验高度时，通过机芯锁定盘12将机芯在此高度上锁定，以保证试验机在工作过程中保持稳固。
如图5、图6所示，疲劳试验机进行扭转加载时，第二电磁铁和第二永磁体可以分别在主动摆动横梁、从动摆动横梁上进行左右移动调节，通过改变力臂来改变扭转力矩和扭转幅度的大小。横梁上刻有刻度标尺，能够方便调节力臂的长度。
如图5、图7和图12所示，为方便机芯升降，在可移动机架上设有面板孔23和背板孔24，为方便第一水平传动杆和第二水平传动杆的摆动在机芯壳上设有传动杆孔34，同时为满足构造要求机芯壳上同时设有传动轴孔36，辅助定位轴固定位置37，变频电机固定位置38。
如图8、图9和图10所示，机芯主要包括变频电机32、一号凸轮33a、二号凸轮33b、摆动轴29、主摆动杆25、辅助摆动杆26、第一水平传动杆31a、第二水平传动杆31b、辅助定位轴30、垂直传动杆27、滚轮28，其中，一号凸轮和二号凸轮分别安装在变频电机的两边，安装时一号凸轮与二号凸轮反向安装。摆动轴和第一、二水平传动杆的一端分别与主动摆动横梁固定，摆动轴的另一端与主摆动杆固定，第一、二水平传动 杆的另一端与主摆动杆铰接。辅助定位轴一端固定在机芯壳上，另一端与辅助摆动杆铰接。垂直传动杆分别与主摆动杆、辅助摆动杆相铰接，垂直传动杆底端安装有滚轮，并且滚轮分别与一、二号凸轮相接触。
如图11所示，试验机工作时，变频电机转动，带动一号凸轮和二号凸轮转动，反向安装的一、二号凸轮将动力经滚轮传至垂直传动杆，垂直传动杆将上下错开的动力分别传给第一水平传动杆和第二水平传动杆，最终由第一水平传动杆和第二水平传动杆带动主动摆动横梁绕摆动轴作定轴往复摆动运动。
进行疲劳试验时，根据疲劳试验机工作原理，以及疲劳试件所需的加载类型选择加载模式，具体可以实现以下几种多轴加载方式：1)弯曲和轴向双轴加载；2)弯曲和扭转双轴加载；3)轴向和扭转双轴加载；4)弯曲、轴向以及扭转三轴同时加载。此外，本发明亦可根据试验需要进行弯曲、轴向以及扭转的单轴加载。
本电磁式多轴疲劳试验机的原理是：1、第一电磁铁6通过控制电流大小、电流方向以及电流方向变化速度产生不同方向和大小的磁力，对第一永磁体15形成变幅、变频的吸引力或者排斥力，由此使从动摆动横梁所夹住的试件产生弯曲循环加载效果；2、第二电磁铁7通过控制电流的大小和电流大小变化速度产生不同大小的磁力，对第二永磁体16形成脉冲式吸引力，由此使试件产生轴向循环加载的效果。3、在第二电磁铁对试件施加轴向磁力荷载的同时，主动摆动横梁8往复摆动工作，通过第二电磁铁对第二永磁体的吸引力，对试件产生扭转循环加载的效果。三种加载模式当单独使用时即可达到单轴加载的模式，当组合使用时即可达到多轴加载模式。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式做出详细说明，但本发明不局限于所描述的实施方式。对本领域的普通技术人员而言，在本发明的原理和技术思想的范围内，对这些实施方式进行实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形仍落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，包括机架上的试件固定台和加载机构，其特征在于：所述加载机构为电磁加载机构，所述电磁加载机构包括用于弯曲加载的第一加载装置，以及用于轴向和扭转加载的第二加载装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述第一加载装置包括第一永磁体和第一电磁铁，所述第一永磁体与第一电磁铁之间产生的磁力方向与试件的轴向正交。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述第一永磁体安装在试件上，所述第一电磁铁安装在机架上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述第一永磁体安装在机架上，所述第一电磁铁安装在试件上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述第二加载装置包括安装在摆动副上的第二永磁体和第二电磁铁，所述第二永磁体与第二电磁铁之间产生的磁力方向与试件的轴向平行，所述摆动副包括主动摆动横梁、从动摆动横梁和机芯，所述从动摆动横梁通过卡片夹持在试件上，所述主动摆动横梁与机芯传动联接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述第二永磁体安装在从动摆动横梁上，所述第二电磁铁安装在主动摆动横梁上，所述第二永磁体是以试件轴心为对称中心安装的一对永磁体，所述第二电磁铁是以试件轴心为对称中心安装的一对电磁铁。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述第二永磁体安装在主动摆动横梁上，所述第二电磁铁安装在从动摆动横梁上。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述机芯包括变频电机，安装于变频电机输出轴两端的一对凸轮，以及与凸轮配合的一组传动杆，所述传动杆与从动摆动横梁相连接。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述机芯安装于升降装置上，所述主动摆动横梁和从动摆动横梁上具有用于调整第二永磁体或第二电磁铁位置的滑槽，所述滑槽上具有刻度。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9之任一所述的电磁式多轴疲劳试验机，其特征在于：所述机架上具有用于调整所述加载机构与试件距离的轨道，所述机架上具有用于调整所述机芯高度的轨道，所述机架上具有固定所述机芯的机芯锁定盘。
PCT/CN2015/090134 2015-07-01 2015-09-21 电磁式多轴疲劳试验机 WO2017000395A1 (zh)

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CN107664601B (zh) * 2017-10-18 2023-08-18 河北大学 一种可变加载幅频的耦合振动拉伸试验装置及其控制方法
CN109540711A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-29 泉州市泉港区伟昌晟贸易有限公司 一种具有超频弦波断阻内削装置的超频疲劳试验机
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