WO2016162983A1 - 車両搭載カメラ - Google Patents
車両搭載カメラ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016162983A1 WO2016162983A1 PCT/JP2015/061022 JP2015061022W WO2016162983A1 WO 2016162983 A1 WO2016162983 A1 WO 2016162983A1 JP 2015061022 W JP2015061022 W JP 2015061022W WO 2016162983 A1 WO2016162983 A1 WO 2016162983A1
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 89
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lawrencium atom Chemical compound [Lr] CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/26—Reflecting filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/04—Mounting of cameras operative during drive; Arrangement of controls thereof relative to the vehicle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/11—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths for generating image signals from visible and infrared light wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/75—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing optical camera components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
- B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
- B60R2011/0026—Windows, e.g. windscreen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
- G03B11/04—Hoods or caps for eliminating unwanted light from lenses, viewfinders or focusing aids
- G03B11/045—Lens hoods or shields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1462—Coatings
- H01L27/14621—Colour filter arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14625—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L27/14627—Microlenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle-mounted camera that is mounted on a vehicle including an automobile and photographs a traveling environment in front of or behind the vehicle, and more particularly, to a technique for reducing indoor reflection of outside light.
- the amount of light (external light) from the outside of the vehicle is attenuated by installing a polarizing filter. Therefore, when shooting the driving environment in front of the vehicle, the polarization filter cuts off the polarized light on one side, causing excessive attenuation of the amount of light, and the image that is different from human vision, such as not being able to capture what is supposed to be captured It may become. Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 devises a position where the polarizing filter is attached. However, even in the above-described prior art, the effect that occurs on the image captured by the attenuation of the amount of light has not been sufficiently considered.
- the present invention was born in view of the above-described problems in the prior art, and the present invention was made in particular in consideration of the relationship between the attenuation of the amount of light by the polarizing filter and the image obtained thereby.
- the dashboard is illuminated by external light such as sunlight during daytime driving or street light during nighttime driving, and the reflected light on the surface is reflected on the window shield, resulting in the dashboard image and forward or backward
- a vehicle-mounted camera that is mounted in a vehicle and receives external light from the outside of the vehicle to photograph the traveling environment of the vehicle, and includes a lens unit that receives external light and generates an image, and a lens unit
- An image sensor that generates an image signal from the generated image, and a polarizing plate disposed in front of the camera unit, and the image sensor that constitutes the camera unit is a CMOS image sensor
- the polarizing plate is a polarizing plate having an orthogonal transmittance of 5 to 20% with respect to an S polarized wave having a wavelength of 420 nm to 700 nm, or a parallel transmission of 45 to 60% with respect to natural light having a wavelength of 420 nm to 700 nm. It is the polarizing plate which has a rate.
- the CMOS image sensor as an image sensor that constitutes the camera unit is configured with four pixels as one unit, and the first pixel has a transmittance of 25% from a wavelength of 400 nm to 500 nm.
- the transmittance from 550 nm to 750 nm is 10% or less
- the second pixel has a transmittance from wavelength 510 nm to 590 nm of 25% or more
- a transmittance from 400 nm to 500 nm is 15% or less
- 620 nm to 750 nm is configured with four pixels as one unit, and the first pixel has a transmittance of 25% from a wavelength of 400 nm to 500 nm.
- the third pixel has a transmittance of 30% or more from a wavelength of 590 nm to 700 nm, a transmittance of 400 nm to 570 nm is 10% or less, and a light transmittance of a wavelength of 800 nm or more is 20% or less.
- the fourth pixel has a structure capable of detecting near infrared rays having a wavelength of 850 nm to 900 nm, Transmittance for infrared light plate is not more than 100% more than 45%.
- the attenuation of the amount of light due to the polarizing filter can be reduced, so that sufficient performance can be ensured even with a solid CMOS sensor with low sensitivity, such as sunlight during daytime driving or street lights during nighttime driving.
- the dashboard is illuminated by light, and the reflected light from the surface is reflected by the window shield.
- the dashboard image and the acquired image on the front or rear are superimposed, and the reflected image reduces the accuracy and contrast of the obtained image.
- CMOS common image pick-up element
- CMOS common image pick-up element
- CMOS image pick-up element
- FIG. 1 is a top view showing a night running mode of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle mounted camera of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing an example of a mounted mode of the vehicle mounted camera of the present invention on a vehicle
- FIG. These are the schematic diagrams which showed the structure of the vehicle-mounted camera of this invention.
- the light 12 emitted from the street lamp 11 is incident on the dashboard DB through the front window shield FW of the front window shield of the automobile during night driving.
- the vehicle-mounted camera 100 is attached to the upper side of the dashboard DB is shown.
- the vehicle-mounted camera 100 described above is configured by housing a semiconductor imaging element 103 provided on a substrate 102 and a lens unit 104 in a housing 101.
- a lens hood 105 is attached to the (left side in the figure), and a polarizing plate 150 is provided in a groove 106 formed in a part of the hood.
- the scenery (light) outside the vehicle is imaged on the pixel surface on the semiconductor image sensor 103 by the lens unit 104 and converted into an image signal which is an electrical signal by the semiconductor image sensor 103.
- the image data is transferred to an image processing apparatus formed by a computer or the like, processed, displayed on a display device in a vehicle, subjected to predetermined processing, and used as various types of vehicle information.
- this dashboard DB a group of light rays that have poured onto the dashboard DB of this vehicle, for example, direct light L from the sun during the day, or direct light L from street lamps at night or when traveling in a tunnel. Diffusely reflects and scatters in all directions. A part of the light beam L ′ is reflected by the front window shield W (reflected light L ′′) and reflected in the vehicle-mounted camera 100, thereby reducing the contrast of an image photographed by the camera 100. .
- the light 12 emitted from the street lamp 11 is incident on the dashboard DB through the front window shield FW of the automobile, diffusely reflected and scattered in all directions.
- the light beam L ′ is reflected by the front window shield W (reflected light L ′′) and reflected on the vehicle-mounted camera 100, and the contrast of an image photographed by the vehicle-mounted camera 100 is lowered.
- a polarizing plate 150 for cutting (attenuating) S-polarized light is attached to the front surface of the vehicle-mounted camera 100. According to this, the reflection of the room or the dashboard D can be reduced.
- the degree of polarization (the value obtained by dividing the parallel transmittance by the orthogonal transmittance) is too high when the polarizing plate in the prior art is used as it is.
- the S-polarized light of the polarizing plate 150 has a large cut (attenuation) performance (in other words, a high degree of polarization), particularly at night or in a tunnel.
- cut (attenuation) performance in other words, a high degree of polarization
- CMOS image sensor is inferior in sensitivity to the CCD image sensor that has been generally used in the past, but in principle does not generate smear or blooming and has excellent performance as a vehicle-mounted camera. ing.
- the present inventors paid attention to the polarization characteristics of the polarizing plate 150 attached to the front of the camera that affects the attenuation of the amount of light incident on the above-described image sensor.
- natural light S-polarized wave: 50%
- S-polarized wave 50%
- P-polarized wave 50%
- FIGS. Some of the characteristics of the prototyped polarizing plates (prototype (1), prototype (2), prototype (3)) are shown in FIGS. That is, when two prototypes (1) are prepared and the polarization axes of the two polarizing plates are shifted by 90 degrees, the light transmittance, that is, the orthogonal transmittance is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 shows the light transmittance when the polarization axes of the polarizing plates are aligned, that is, the parallel transmittance. Similarly, two prototypes (2) are also prepared, and the orthogonal (cross) transmittance, which is the light transmittance when the polarization axes of these two polarizing plates are shifted by 90 degrees, is shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows the parallel transmittance, which is the light transmittance when the polarization axes of these two polarizing plates are aligned. Furthermore, two samples of the prototype (3) are prepared in the same manner, and the orthogonal transmittance when the polarization axes of the two polarizing plates are shifted by 90 degrees is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows the parallel transmittance when the polarization axes of the plates are aligned.
- the threshold of the CMOS image sensor described above is interrupted. A camera occurred. That is, there were many cases where dark image noise was large and the product was defective. Therefore, as a result of trial manufacture of a plurality of polarizing plates using the direct transmittance as a parameter, it was found that this product defect can be suppressed if the orthogonal transmittance exceeds 4%.
- the parallel transmittance is also increased as a side effect.
- the P-polarized light transmittance becomes too high because the parallel transmittance becomes too high, and the light transmittance itself increases, and the reflected light L ′′ from the front window shield FW is reflected on the vehicle-mounted camera 100. Therefore, the inventors have made a prototype of the polarizing plate as a design parameter for the parallel light transmittance, and with respect to natural light having a wavelength of 420 nm to 700 nm. It was clarified that the above-mentioned problem can be reduced by setting the parallel transmittance to 60% or less.
- the orthogonal transmittance having characteristics shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is 20% or less, and the parallel transmittance: 55% or less. It was found that even if the polarizing plate (prototype (3)) was adopted, a vehicle-mounted camera mounted inside the vehicle and having sufficient performance to photograph the front through the window shield could be realized.
- the amount of light transmitted through the polarizing plate 150 is 50% (P-polarized wave) to 50. % + 10% (S-polarized wave), and the amount of light incident on the CMOS sensor is considered to increase by about 20%.
- the vehicle-mounted camera 100 that is mounted inside a vehicle such as an automobile and photographs the front through a window shield is attached to the front surface of the vehicle-mounted camera 100 and has the polarization characteristics described above.
- the polarizing plate 150 having the above, it is possible to appropriately attenuate the reflected light reflected by the window shield due to the scattering of the light beam that has fallen on the dashboard D. Reflection of the reflected light on the on-vehicle camera 100 can be reduced, and a good external video can be obtained without reducing the contrast of the image captured by the camera 100. This makes it possible to provide a vehicle-mounted camera that can obtain an image that does not differ from human vision.
- CMOS image sensor since a sufficient amount of light can be secured to the vehicle-mounted camera 100, especially at night or when traveling in a tunnel, a CMOS image sensor with relatively low sensitivity. Also, a good external image can be obtained.
- the vehicle-mounted camera 100 according to the present invention can be realized easily by simply selecting the polarization characteristics of the polarizing plate 150 in the conventional configuration, and is economically and practically usable. Are better.
- the polarizing plate having the above-described orthogonal transmittance: 10% or less and parallel transmittance: 60% or less is more polarizing than the polarizing plate having the orthogonal transmittance: 2% or less and the parallel transmittance: 45% or less.
- mass production is easy, it can be obtained at a relatively low cost, and it is advantageous in that the manufacturing cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram for explaining a reading method and a structure in a general image sensor (CMOS)
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a structure of a general image sensor (CMOS)
- FIG. 13 shows an image sensor of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of filter characteristics corresponding to pixels of the image sensor (CMOS) of the present invention
- FIG. 17 is a general diagram (conventional). It is an arrangement
- each pixel 200 has R (red) G (green) B (blue) incident from the outside. It is composed of three photodiodes 201 corresponding to light. The charge generated in each photodiode 201 is guided to the vertical signal line 204 via the amplifier 202 and the pixel selection switch 203, and further to the horizontal signal line 207 via the amplifier 205 and the column selection switch 206. is doing.
- each photodiode 201 constituting each pixel 200 together with various wirings and layers, on-chip for transmitting the corresponding color light so as to cover the photodiode.
- a color filter 210 is disposed.
- on-chip lenses 220 are formed on the upper surfaces, respectively.
- each pixel of the CMOS image sensor is viewed from above, R, G,
- Each pixel is configured not only by three photodiodes corresponding to B but also by four photodiodes adjacent to each other, so that light from the outside does not enter one of the photodiodes, or The color light (for example, G light) having high specific visibility is enhanced.
- each of the on-chip color filters 210 formed above the three photodiodes corresponding to R, G, and B is formed of a material that transmits the corresponding color light.
- the remaining one photodiode is formed of a non-light-transmitting material or a material that transmits G light.
- the on-chip color filters 210 arranged so as to cover the photodiodes 201 are arranged as shown in FIG. More specifically, for example, three of four on-chip color filters 210 adjacent to each other are used as conventional filters that transmit R, G, and B light, and the remaining one on-chip color filter is used.
- the filter 210 (corresponding to “G” in FIG. 17) is a filter capable of transmitting near-infrared (IR) whose spectral transmittance is indicated by a broken line in FIG.
- a CMOS image sensor as an image sensor that constitutes the camera unit is configured with 4 pixels as a unit, and a filter that constitutes the first pixel (B) has a wavelength of 400 nm to 500 nm.
- the transmittance for light of 550 nm to 750 nm is 10% or less, and the filter constituting the second pixel (G) has a transmittance of wavelengths from 510 nm to 590 nm of 25%.
- the transmittance from 400 nm to 500 nm is 15% or less
- the transmittance from 620 nm to 750 nm is 15% or less
- the filter constituting the third pixel (R) has a transmittance of 30% from a wavelength of 590 nm to 700 nm.
- the transmittance from 400 nm to 570 nm is 10% or less
- the light transmittance at a wavelength of 800 nm or more is 20% or less.
- the filter constituting a fourth pixel (IR) is permeable to near infrared rays 900nm wavelength 850 nm.
- the CMOS image sensor can detect infrared (IR) as well as R (red), G (green), and B (blue) light incident from the outside.
- IR infrared
- the semiconductor imaging element 103 that constitutes the camera 100 described above can also detect infrared (IR) light.
- a polarizing plate 150 for cutting (attenuating) the S-polarized light attached to the front surface of the vehicle-mounted camera 100 described above a polarizing plate having an infrared transmittance of 45% or more and 100% or less is used.
- the arrangement shown in FIG. 13A that is, one of four on-chip color filters adjacent to each other can transmit infrared rays (IR).
- the present invention is not limited to the filter, but, as shown in FIG. 13B, on-chip color filters (in this example, 16 pixels) constituting a plurality of (four in this example) adjacent pixels. A part of them may be a filter capable of transmitting infrared rays (IR). In this case, the G light of the emission output can be relatively enhanced.
- the camera to which the present invention is applied has been described as a vehicle-mounted camera that is mounted on a vehicle and images the front through the front window shield FW.
- the present invention is limited to the above.
- it can be applied to a vehicle-mounted camera that captures the back and sides of the vehicle, and further to a so-called stereo camera that stereoscopically captures the front of the vehicle.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Camera mounted on a vehicle, 11 ... Street light, 101 ... Housing, 102 ... Board
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、車両内に搭載されて車両の外部からの外光を受光して車両の走行環境を撮影する車両搭載カメラであって、外光を受光して映像を生成するレンズ部と、レンズ部により生成された映像により映像信号を生成する撮像素子と、を有したカメラ部と、カメラ部の前方に配置された偏光板と、を備え、カメラ部を構成する撮像素子は、CMOSイメージセンサであり、偏光板は、波長420nmから700nmのS偏光波に対して5~20%の直交透過率を有する偏光板であること、又は、波長420nmから700nmの自然光に対して45~60%の並行透過率を有する偏光板である。
すなわち、発明によれば、偏光フィルターによる光量の減衰が軽減できるのでCMOSセンサの感度が低い固体でも十分に性能が確保でき、昼間走行時の太陽光や夜間走行時の街路灯などの外部からの光によってダッシュボードなどが照らさせその表面での反射光がウインドウシールドに反射し結果としてダッシュボードの画像と前方又は後方の取得画像が重畳され、得られた画像の精度やコントラストを低下させる写りこみが防止できるとともに800nm以上の熱線を発する人や動物等に対する夜間視認性を向上した車両搭載カメラが提供可能となる。
図1、図2に示す例では、夜間走行に、街路灯11から放射される光12が自動車のフロントウインドウシールドの状態フロントウインドウシールドFWを通してダッシュボードDBに入射している。ここでは、車両搭載カメラ100をダッシュボードDBの上方に前方に向けて取り付けた場合を示している。
Claims (6)
- 車両内に搭載されて前記車両の外部からの外光を受光して車両の走行環境を撮影する車両搭載カメラであって、
前記外光を受光して映像を生成するレンズ部と、前記レンズ部により生成された映像により映像信号を生成する撮像素子と、を有するカメラ部と、
前記カメラ部の前方に配置された偏光板と、
を備え、
前記カメラ部を構成する撮像素子は、CMOSイメージセンサであり、
前記偏光板は、波長420nmから700nmのS偏光波に対して5~20%の直交透過率を有する偏光板である、車両搭載カメラ。 - 車両内に搭載されて前記当該車両の外部からの外光を受光して車両の走行環境を撮影する車両搭載カメラであって、
前記外光を受光して映像を生成するレンズ部と、前記レンズ部により生成された映像により映像信号を生成する撮像素子と、を有するカメラ部と、
前記カメラ部の前方に配置された偏光板と、
を備え、
前記カメラ部を構成する撮像素子は、CMOSイメージセンサであり、
前記偏光板は、波長420nmから700nmの自然光に対して45~60%の並行透過率を有する偏光板である、車両搭載カメラ。 - 請求項1に記載の車両搭載カメラにおいて、
前記カメラ部を構成する撮像素子としてのCMOSイメージセンサは、850nmから900nmの近赤外線を検出可能な構造を有しており、
前記偏光板の赤外線に対する透過率が45%以上で100%以下である、車両搭載カメラ。 - 請求項2に記載の車両搭載カメラにおいて、
前記カメラ部を構成する撮像素子としてのCMOSイメージセンサは、850nmから900nmの近赤外線を検出可能な構造を有しており、
前記偏光板の赤外線に対する透過率が45%以上で100%以下である、車両搭載カメラ。 - 請求項1に記載の車両搭載カメラにおいて、
前記カメラ部を構成する撮像素子としてのCMOSイメージセンサは、4画素を一単位として構成され、
第一の画素は波長400nmから500nmの透過率が25%以上で、550nmから750nmの透過率が10%以下であり、
第二の画素は波長510nmから590nmの透過率が25%以上で、400nmから500nmの透過率が15%以下で、且つ620nmから750nmの透過率が15%以下であり、
第三の画素は波長590nmから700nmの透過率が30%以上で、400nmから570nmの透過率が10%以下で、且つ800nm以上の波長の光線透過率が20%以下であり、
第四の画素は波長850nmから900nmの近赤外線を検出可能な構造を有しており、
前記偏光板の赤外線に対する透過率が45%以上で100%以下である、車両搭載カメラ。 - 請求項2に記載の車両搭載カメラにおいて、
前記カメラ部を構成する撮像素子としてのCMOSイメージセンサは、4画素を一単位とし構成され、第一の画素は波長400nmから500nmの透過率が25%以上で、550nmから750nmの透過率が10%以下であり、
第二の画素は波長510nmから590nmの透過率が25%以上で、400nmから500nmの透過率が15%以下で、且つ620nmから750nmの透過率が15%以下であり、
第三の画素は波長590nmから700nmの透過率が30%以上で、400nmから570nmの透過率が10%以下で、且つ800nm以上の波長の光線透過率が20%以下であり、
第四の画素は波長850nmから900nmの近赤外線を検出可能な構造を有しており、
前記偏光板の赤外線に対する透過率が45%以上で100%以下である、車両搭載カメラ。
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