WO2016158621A1 - α-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin low polymer.
- the ⁇ -olefin low polymer is usually produced by a method in which an ⁇ -olefin is subjected to a low polymerization reaction in the presence of a catalyst and a reaction solvent.
- a method for producing 1-hexene by a trimerization reaction of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst containing a chromium compound, a pyrrole compound, an alkylaluminum compound, and a halogen-containing compound and a reaction solvent is disclosed.
- Examples are linear hydrocarbon halides (Patent Document 1), benzyl halide compounds (Patent Document 2), and diethylaluminum chloride (Patent Document 3).
- 1-hexene is produced by a trimerization reaction of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst containing a chromium compound, a pyrrole compound, an alkylaluminum compound, a halogen-containing compound and a halogenated olefin and a reaction solvent.
- a method is disclosed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing a low ⁇ -olefin polymer.
- the present inventor has found that a transition metal atom-containing compound (a), a nitrogen atom-containing compound (b), and an alkylaluminum compound (c) used as a catalyst for a low polymerization reaction of an ⁇ -olefin. And two or more compounds having different chlorine atom elimination rates related to reactivity with the alkylaluminum compound (c) are used at a predetermined ratio as the chlorine atom-containing compound (d). It has been found that the above problems can be solved.
- the gist of the present invention resides in the following [1] to [7].
- a hydrocarbon compound as an essential component Any chlorine atom desorption rate determined by the following measurement method for the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound contained in the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) is not less than the chlorine atom desorption rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. Yes,
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) containing at least two kinds of compounds includes a first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and a chlorine atom elimination from the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1.
- a second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 having a low velocity and The amount of the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) with respect to the transition metal atom in the low polymerization reaction system is 2 mol times to 50 mol times, and the second chlorine atom with respect to the total amount of the chlorine atom containing compound (d)
- An ⁇ -olefin low polymer which supplies the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) to the low polymerization reaction system so that the proportion of the amount of the containing compound (d) -2 is 1 mol% or more and 49 mol% or less; Production method.
- ⁇ Method for measuring the rate of elimination of chlorine atoms from chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds After adding 15 ml of a solution obtained by diluting the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound to be measured to 0.10 mol / L with the reaction solvent, 60 ml of the solution obtained by diluting the alkylaluminum compound (c) with the reaction solvent to 0.15 mol / L, 80 Then, the residual concentration of the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound is analyzed with a gas chromatograph. From the residual amount of the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound and the reaction time, the chlorine atom in the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound is determined. The chlorine atom elimination rate extracted by the alkylaluminum compound (c) is determined.
- the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 contains a chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound, and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 is a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound,
- an ⁇ -olefin low polymer in the production of an ⁇ -olefin low polymer by a low polymerization reaction of ⁇ -olefin, the deterioration of catalyst activity with time is suppressed, and a high ⁇ -olefin low polymer selectivity and ⁇ -olefin low polymer are obtained.
- An ⁇ -olefin low polymer can be efficiently produced in a yield.
- FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram showing an embodiment of the method for producing an ⁇ -olefin low polymer of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between (d) -2 / (d) [mol%] and catalyst activity [g / g-Cr] in Example 9 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between (d) -2 / (d) [mol%] and catalyst activity [g / g-Cr] in Examples 10 to 12 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
- the method for producing an ⁇ -olefin low polymer of the present invention comprises a reaction with a catalyst containing a transition metal atom-containing compound (a), a nitrogen atom-containing compound (b), an alkylaluminum compound (c), and a chlorine atom-containing compound (d).
- a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin low polymer by performing a low polymerization reaction of an ⁇ -olefin in the presence of a solvent, wherein the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) comprises a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound and a chlorinated hydrocarbon It contains at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of metal atom-containing compounds, provided that the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) contains a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound as an essential component.
- the chlorine atom elimination rate required by the following measurement method for the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound is equal to or higher than the chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and includes the at least two compounds.
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) includes a first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and a second chlorine atom having a chlorine atom elimination rate lower than that of the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1. Containing compound (d) -2.
- the amount (mol) of the compound from which the chlorine atom is eliminated is obtained. Can be calculated by dividing the reaction time by the reaction time.
- the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 having a high chlorine atom elimination rate is excellent in the elimination of chlorine atoms, the chlorine atoms are promptly supplied in the reaction system and the catalytically active species together with other catalyst components.
- the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 is hexachloroethane, the chlorine atom is supplied and itself becomes tetrachloroethylene.
- the chlorine atom elimination rate of hexachloroethane is equal to or higher than the chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and the chlorine atom elimination rate of tetrachloroethylene is 1,1,2,2- It is lower than the chlorine atom elimination rate of tetrachloroethane. In this way, when the catalytically active species formed by the supply of chlorine atoms repeats a low polymerization reaction, the activated species gradually becomes a deteriorated catalytic species.
- the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d)-having a slower chlorine atom elimination rate than the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1. 2 is used, the catalytically active species formed by releasing the chlorine atom from the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 becomes a deteriorated catalyst species, From the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2, a chlorine atom is supplied to regenerate a catalytically active species.
- the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 acts on the catalyst species in which the catalytically active species formed by the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 has deteriorated. Therefore, a small amount is sufficient for the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1. Therefore, in the present invention, the amount of the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 is 1 mol% or more and 49 mol% or less with respect to the amount of the chlorine atom containing compound (d).
- the chlorine atom-containing compound having a slower chlorine atom elimination rate than 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane supplies the chlorine atom too slowly, and the above improvement effect is small.
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) two or more compounds having a chlorine atom elimination rate equal to or higher than the chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane are used. That is, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane less than the chlorine atom elimination rate is not included in the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) in the present invention.
- the above-mentioned hexachloroethane supplies a chlorine atom to tetrachloroethylene, and the chlorine atom elimination rate of tetrachloroethylene is lower than the chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. It is not included in the chlorine atom-containing compound (d).
- the chlorine atom desorption rate of the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound is determined based on the decomposition rate of the chlorine atom based on the decomposition rate of the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound by the reaction between the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound and the alkylaluminum compound (c). This is to determine the atomic desorption rate. For example, the rate at which a chlorine atom of a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound coordinates to a vacant orbit of triethylaluminum, which is a Lewis acid, and then the chlorine atom is desorbed is evaluated. Further, the strength of chemical bond is expressed by bond energy between atoms, and is covalent bond> ionic bond.
- the chlorine atom elimination rate by the above reaction is defined as [chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound]> [chlorinated hydrocarbon compound]. That is, when the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) includes a chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound and a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound, the chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound is the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 Therefore, it is not necessary to measure the chlorine atom elimination rate of the chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound. As will be described later, when three or more compounds are included as the chlorine atom-containing compound (d), the chlorine atom compound having the slowest chlorine atom elimination rate is defined as (d) -2, which is faster than that.
- All of the two or more chlorine atom-containing compounds are defined as (d) -1. Therefore, when the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) contains two or more chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compounds and one or more chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, the two or more chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compounds are Is the chlorine atom compound (d) -1 and the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound having the slowest chlorine atom elimination rate is the chlorine atom compound (d) -2. There is no need to measure the desorption rate.
- the chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound is used as the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound is used as the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2, or chlorine
- the chlorine atom desorption rate is determined according to the method for measuring the chlorine atom desorption rate of the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound, and the chlorine atom desorption is performed.
- the slowest compound may be the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2, and the other compounds may be the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1.
- the reaction solvent used in the low polymerization reaction as the reaction solvent. You may use 1 type, or 2 or more types of what is chosen from the inside.
- the alkylaluminum compound (c) used in the method for measuring the chlorine atom elimination rate it is preferable to use the same compound as the alkylaluminum compound (c) used in the low polymerization reaction. Alternatively, one or more of the examples of the alkylaluminum compound (c) described below may be selected and used. Since the alkylaluminum compound (c) easily reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air and changes its form, it is handled under an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen and argon that does not substantially contain oxygen and moisture, including during the reaction. .
- the reaction temperature for measuring the chlorine atom desorption rate is 80 ° C.
- the temperature may be lowered to 50 ° C. or raised to 140 ° C.
- the chlorine atom elimination rate when there is a possibility that the chlorine atom-containing compound, the alkylaluminum compound (c) and / or the solvent may be volatilized out of the reactor, a closed reactor is used.
- the difference in the chlorine atom elimination rate of the compounds is determined under the same reaction conditions (temperature, time, molar concentration, alkylaluminum compound (c), solvent, stirring speed, etc.).
- examples of the ⁇ -olefin used as a raw material include substituted or unsubstituted ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of such ⁇ -olefins include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like.
- ethylene is suitable as the ⁇ -olefin as the raw material of the present invention.
- the raw material ⁇ -olefin may be used alone or in combination.
- the ⁇ -olefin low polymer produced in the present invention is a product obtained by subjecting the raw material ⁇ -olefin to a low polymerization reaction.
- the low polymerization reaction of ⁇ -olefin is to oligomerize raw material ⁇ -olefin.
- the ⁇ -olefin low polymer means an oligomer in which several raw ⁇ -olefins are bonded, and the resulting ⁇ -olefin low polymer may be one kind or a mixture containing plural kinds. Specifically, it is an oligomer in which 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 5, ⁇ -olefins as raw materials are bonded.
- the ⁇ -olefin low polymer as the target product is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. An unsubstituted linear ⁇ -olefin is more preferable.
- 1-butene which is a dimer of ethylene 1-hexene which is a trimer
- 1-octene which is a tetramer
- 1-decene which is a pentamer
- 1-octene is preferable
- 1-hexene is more preferable.
- the content of 1-hexene in the product mixture is preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the raw material may contain impurity components other than ethylene.
- impurity components include methane, ethane, nitrogen, propane, propylene, propadiene, 1,3-butadiene, methanol, propanol, hydrogen, oxygen, water, acetylene, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide. , Arsine, oil, nitrogen-containing compounds, carbonyl compounds, oxygen-containing compounds, chlorine-containing compounds and the like.
- methane, ethane, and nitrogen it is preferable that it is 0.1 mol% or less with respect to ethylene of a raw material, and about propane and propylene, it is 10 molppm or less with respect to ethylene of a raw material.
- Propadiene, 1,3-butadiene, methanol, propanol, hydrogen, oxygen, water, acetylene, carbon dioxide, arsine, oil, nitrogen-containing compounds, carbonyl compounds, oxygen-containing compounds, chlorine-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds it is preferably 5 molppm or less, more preferably 1 molppm or less with respect to the raw material ethylene. Since carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide are considered to poison the catalyst strongly, the amount is preferably 1 molppm or less, more preferably 0.2 molppm or less, relative to the raw material ethylene.
- the catalyst used in the present invention contains a transition metal atom-containing compound (a), a nitrogen atom-containing compound (b), an alkylaluminum compound (c), and a chlorine atom-containing compound (d).
- transition metal atom-containing compound (a) The metal contained in the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “catalyst component (a)”) suitably used as a component of the catalyst of the present invention is a transition metal.
- transition metals belonging to Groups 4 to 6 of the periodic table are preferably used. Specifically, it is preferably one or more metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium and hafnium, more preferably chromium or titanium, and most preferably chromium.
- inorganic groups include metal salt forming groups such as nitrate groups and sulfate groups.
- Negative atoms include oxygen, halogen and the like.
- the transition metal atom containing compound (a) containing a halogen is not contained in the chlorine atom containing compound (d) mentioned later.
- transition metal atom-containing compound (a) whose transition metal is chromium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “chromium-containing compound”)
- specific examples include chromium (IV) -tert-butoxide, chromium (III) Acetylacetonate, chromium (III) trifluoroacetylacetonate, chromium (III) hexafluoroacetylacetonate, chromium (III) (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate), Cr (PhCOCHCOPh) 3 (where Ph represents a phenyl group), chromium (II) acetate, chromium (III) acetate, chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate, chromium (III) benzoate, chromium (III ) Naphthenate, Chromium (III) heptanoate, Cr (CH 3 COCHC
- transition metal atom-containing compound (a) in which the transition metal is titanium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “titanium-containing compound”)
- specific examples include TiCl 4 , TiBr 4 , TiI 4 , TiBrCl 3 , TiBr.
- transition metal atom-containing compound (a) in which the transition metal is zirconium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “zirconium-containing compound”)
- specific examples include ZrCl 4 , ZrBr 4 , ZrI 4 , ZrBrCl 3 , ZrBr.
- transition metal atom-containing compound (a) in which the transition metal is hafnium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “hafnium-containing compound”)
- a specific example is dimethylsilylene bis ⁇ 1- (2-methyl-4- Isopropyl-4H-azulenyl) ⁇ hafnium dichloride, dimethylsilylenebis ⁇ 1- (2-methyl-4-phenyl-4H-azurenyl) ⁇ hafnium dichloride, dimethylsilylenebis [1- ⁇ 2-methyl-4- (4-chlorophenyl) ) -4H-azulenyl ⁇ ] hafnium dichloride, dimethylsilylenebis [1- ⁇ 2-methyl-4- (4-fluorophenyl) -4H-azurenyl ⁇ ] hafnium dichloride, dimethylsilylenebis [1- ⁇ 2-methyl-4 -(3-Chlorophenyl) -4H-azulenyl ⁇ ] hafnium dichlor
- transition metal atom containing compounds (a) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- chromium-containing compounds are preferable, and among chromium-containing compounds, chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate is particularly preferable.
- the nitrogen atom-containing compound (b) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “catalyst component (b)”) that is suitably used as a constituent component of the catalyst is not particularly limited, but amines, amides or Examples include imides.
- amines include pyrrole compounds and indole compounds.
- pyrrole compounds include pyrrole and 2,4-dimethylpyrrole, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, 2,5-diethylpyrrole, 2,4- Diethyl pyrrole, 2,5-di-n-propyl pyrrole, 2,5-di-n-butyl pyrrole, 2,5-di-n-pentyl pyrrole, 2,5-di-n-hexyl pyrrole, 2,5 -Dibenzylpyrrole, 2,5-diisopropylpyrrole, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyrrole, 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrrole, alkylpyrrole such as 3,4-dimethylpyrrole, 3,4-dichloropyrrole Halogenated pyrrole such as 2,3,4,5-tetrachloropyrrole, acetylpyrrole
- Examples of the derivatives include metal pyrolide derivatives, and specific examples include, for example, diethylaluminum pyrolide, ethylaluminum dipyrrolide, aluminum tripyrolide, diethylaluminum (2,5-dimethylpyrrolide), ethylaluminum.
- Aluminum pyrolides such as (2,5-diethyl pyrolide), sodium pyrolide, sodium pyrolides such as sodium (2,5-dimethyl pyrolide), lithium pyrolide, lithium (2,5-dimethyl pyrolide) ) Etc.
- Aluminum pyrolides are not included in the alkylaluminum compound (c) described later. Moreover, the pyrrole compound containing a halogen is not contained in the chlorine atom containing compound (d) mentioned later. Also, bis (diethylphosphino-ethyl) amine, bis (diphenylphosphino-ethyl) amine, N, N-bis (diphenylphosphino) methylamine, N, N-bis (diphenylphosphino) isopropylamine, N, Diphosphinoamines such as N-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,2-dimethylpropylamine may also be used.
- amides include acetamide, N-methylhexaneamide, succinamide, maleamide, N-methylbenzamide, imidazole-2-carboxamide, di-2-thenoylamine, ⁇ -lactam, ⁇ -lactam, ⁇ -caprolactam or Salts of these with metals of Group 1, 2, or 13 of the periodic table can be mentioned.
- imides include 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboximide, succinimide, phthalimide, maleimide, 2,4,6-piperidinetrione, perhydroazesin-2,10-dione, and the first of the periodic table, And salts with Group 2 or 13 metals.
- sulfonamides and sulfonamides include, for example, benzenesulfonamide, N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-methyltrifluoromethylsulfonamide, and salts thereof with a metal of Group 1, 2, or 13 of the periodic table Is mentioned.
- nitrogen atom containing compounds (b) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- amines are preferable, among which pyrrole compounds are more preferable, and 2,5-dimethylpyrrole or diethylaluminum (2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) is particularly preferable.
- the alkylaluminum compound (c) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “catalyst component (c)”) suitably used as the catalyst component of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is a trialkylaluminum compound, an alkoxyalkylaluminum compound, Examples thereof include alkylaluminum hydride compounds and alkylaluminoxane compounds.
- the chlorinated alkylaluminum compound is not included in the alkylaluminum compound (c) but is included in the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) described later.
- Examples of the trialkylaluminum compound include trialkylaluminum compounds in which one alkyl group contains 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, and triisobutylaluminum.
- Examples of the alkoxyaluminum compound include diethylaluminum ethoxide.
- Examples of the alkyl aluminum hydride compound include diethyl aluminum hydride.
- Examples of the alkylaminoxan compound include methylaluminoxane.
- alkylaluminum compounds (c) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- trialkylaluminum compounds are preferable, and triethylaluminum is more preferable.
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) includes a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound, a chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound, and another chlorination.
- a total of at least two compounds of at least one compound selected from hydrocarbon compounds is preferred.
- examples of the chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound include chlorine compounds containing typical metal atoms of Groups 12 to 15 of the periodic table, and specifically include diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride.
- the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound may have a chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane or more, for example, carbon tetrachloride, allyl chloride, chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon compound, chlorinated benzyl compound And chlorinated aromatic polycyclic compounds.
- a chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon compound and a chlorinated benzyl compound is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the selectivity of the ⁇ -olefin low polymer by the low polymerization reaction of the ⁇ -olefin, and the chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon.
- the number of carbon atoms of the compound is more preferably 2 or more and 10 or less.
- chlorinated saturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, hexachloroethane and the like.
- chlorinated benzyl compound examples include benzyl chloride, (1-chloroethyl) benzene, 2-methylbenzyl chloride, 3-methylbenzyl chloride, 4-methylbenzyl chloride, 4-ethylbenzyl chloride, 4-isopropylbenzyl chloride, 4-tert -Butylbenzyl chloride, 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, ⁇ -ethyl-4-methylbenzyl chloride, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichloro-o-xylene, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichloro-m-xylene, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichloro- p-xylene, 2,4-dimethylbenzyl chloride, 2,5-dimethylbenzyl chloride, 2,6-dimethylbenzyl chloride, 3,4-dimethylbenzyl chloride, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl chloride, 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzyl chloride, 2,4,6-triiso Lop
- the chlorinated aromatic polycyclic compounds include 1- (chloromethyl) naphthalene, 1- (chloromethyl) -2-methylnaphthalene, 1,4-bis-chloromethyl-2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, 1, 8-bis-chloromethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexamethylnaphthalene, 9- (chloromethyl) anthracene, 9,10-bis (chloromethyl) anthracene, 7- (chloromethyl) benzanthracene 7-chloromethyl-12-methylbenzanthracene and the like.
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) has a chlorine atom elimination rate equal to or higher than the chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and the chlorine atom elimination rate. It is characterized in that at least two kinds of compounds having different values are used. Of these, one or more compounds having a high chlorine atom elimination rate are designated as the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1, and a compound having the smallest chlorine atom elimination rate is designated as the second chlorine atom-containing compound ( d) -2, and these compounds are used at a predetermined ratio as described later.
- Examples of the chlorine atom-containing compound having a chlorine atom elimination rate less than that of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane include, for example, chlorobutane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), etc. Is mentioned. In the present invention, these are not included in the chlorinated hydrocarbon compound which is the chlorine atom-containing compound (d).
- Examples of the combination of the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 include, for example, a combination of a chlorinated typical metal atom-containing compound and a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound, Examples include a combination of a hydrocarbon compound and a chlorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the following is an example of a more specific combination of compounds in the case where the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) is composed of two types of compounds.
- the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 + the second chlorine atom-containing Examples are given in the order of Compound (d) -2.
- the compound is not necessarily specified as one of the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2, and is not limited to benzyl chloride or hexachloroethane.
- the chlorine atom compound having the slowest chlorine atom elimination rate is used.
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) is three kinds of compounds of benzyl chloride, hexachloroethane and allyl chloride
- benzyl chloride and allyl chloride become the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and hexachloroethane is The second chlorine atom compound (d) -2 is obtained.
- the ratio of each component of the transition metal atom-containing compound (a), nitrogen atom-containing compound (b), alkylaluminum compound (c) and chlorine atom-containing compound (d) is not particularly limited, but usually contains transition metal atoms. 1 mol to 50 mol, preferably 2 mol to 30 mol, and alkylaluminum compound (c) 1 mol to 200 mol, preferably 10 mol to 150 mol, per 1 mol of compound (a). Is a mole.
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) (the total of the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2) per 1 mol of the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) ) Is usually 2 mol, preferably 3 mol, more preferably 4 mol, and the upper limit is usually 50 mol, preferably 30 mol, more preferably 25 mol, still more preferably 20 mol.
- the number of moles relative to 1 mole of the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) is synonymous with the molar amount of the transition metal atom in the low polymerization reaction system.
- the second chlorine atom-containing compound relative to the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) (the total of the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2)
- the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) is added to the reaction system so that the molar ratio of (d) -2 is usually 1% to 49%, preferably 2% to 45%, more preferably 4% to 40%. Supply.
- the supply amount of the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) is larger than the above upper limit, the coordination of chlorine atoms to the catalytically active species becomes too large and the coordination of the ⁇ -olefin as the raw material is inhibited, resulting in a decrease in reaction activity. There is a risk.
- the supply amount of the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) is less than the lower limit, as described above, the catalytically active species after the start of the reaction may be insufficient, and the reaction activity may be reduced.
- the reaction activity may be lowered, and if it is smaller than the lower limit, as described above, the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 It may not be possible to prevent the catalytically active species formed by the process from becoming degraded catalyst species. That is, the functions of the chlorine atom-containing compound (d), the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 are set within the above ranges so that the respective functions are good. You will be able to demonstrate it.
- the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 are composed of the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 with respect to the transition metal atom in the reaction system. Is more preferably 1.5 to 25.5 mole times, and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 is more preferably 0.1 to 24.5 mole times. More preferably, (d) -1 is supplied in an amount of 2.5 to 16.5 mol times, and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 is supplied in an amount of 0.2 to 13.5 mol times. The chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 is fed at 3.5 to 14.0 mole times, and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 is fed at 0.3 to 11.0 mole times. Particularly preferred.
- the amount of the catalyst comprising the catalyst components (a) to (d) is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 in terms of transition metal element of the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) per liter of reaction solvent described later. 0.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol to 0.5 mol, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 mol to 0.2 mol, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol to 0.05 mol. .
- the low polymerization reaction of ethylene uses a chromium-containing compound as the transition metal atom-containing compound (a), and the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) It is preferable to carry out by contacting ethylene and the chromium-containing compound which is the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) in such a manner that the alkylaluminum compound (c) and the alkylaluminum compound (c) are not contacted in advance.
- ethylene trimerization reaction can be selectively performed to obtain 1-hexene which is a trimer of ethylene with a selectivity of 90% or more from ethylene as a raw material. Further, in this case, the ratio of 1-hexene to hexene can be 99% or more.
- the “mode in which the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) and the alkylaluminum compound (c) do not contact in advance” is not limited to the start of the low polymerization reaction of ethylene, and additional ethylene and catalyst components thereafter This also means that such a mode is maintained in the supply to the reactor. Moreover, it is desirable to use the same aspect also about a batch reaction format.
- Examples of the contact mode in the above continuous reaction mode include the following (1) to (9).
- Each of the catalyst components described above is usually dissolved in a reaction solvent described later used for a low polymerization reaction of ethylene and supplied to the reactor.
- reaction solvent In the method for producing an ⁇ -olefin low polymer of the present invention, a low polymerization reaction of ⁇ -olefin is carried out in a reaction solvent.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited, but saturated hydrocarbons are preferably used, preferably butane, pentane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, 2-methylhexane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane. , 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, decalin and the like, which are chain saturated hydrocarbons or alicyclic saturated hydrocarbons having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, tetralin, and ⁇ -olefin low polymers produced by low polymerization reactions themselves, specifically, obtained when trimerizing ethylene 1- Hexene, decene, etc. can also be used. These may be used alone or as a mixed solvent of two or more.
- chain saturated hydrocarbons having 4 to 10 carbon atoms from the point that generation or precipitation of by-products such as polyethylene can be suppressed, and that high catalytic activity tends to be obtained.
- n-heptane or cyclohexane is preferable, and n-heptane is most preferable.
- the amount of reaction solvent used is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 5.0 times, preferably 1.0 to 2.times.
- the feed amount of the raw material ⁇ -olefin is equal to the sum of the consumption amount of the raw material ⁇ -olefin reacted in the reactor and the dissolved amount of the raw material ⁇ -olefin dissolved in the reaction solvent.
- the reaction temperature for the low polymerization reaction of ⁇ -olefin in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually 0 to 250 ° C., preferably 50 to 200 ° C., more preferably 80 to 170 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is not particularly limited, but is usually from normal pressure to 25 MPaG, preferably from 0.5 to 15 MPaG, more preferably from 1 to 10 MPaG.
- the residence time in the reactor is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 1 minute to 10 hours, preferably 3 minutes to 3 hours, more preferably 5 to 60 minutes.
- the reaction format is not particularly limited, and may be any of batch, semi-batch or continuous.
- FIG. 1 showing one embodiment of the method for producing an ⁇ -olefin low polymer of the present invention.
- a method for producing 1-hexene (ethylene trimer) using ethylene as an ⁇ -olefin is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to the production of 1-hexene from ethylene.
- the apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a fully mixed and stirred reactor 10 for polymerizing ethylene in the presence of a catalyst, a degassing tank 20 for separating unreacted ethylene gas from a reaction liquid extracted from the reactor 10, and a degassing An ethylene separation tower 30 for distilling ethylene in the reaction liquid extracted from the tank 20 and a high boiling point substance (hereinafter referred to as “HB (high boiler)”) in the reaction liquid extracted from the ethylene separation tower 30. And a hexene separation column 50 for distilling the reaction liquid extracted from the top of the high boiling separation column 40 and distilling 1-hexene.
- the compressor 60 which circulates the unreacted ethylene isolate
- raw material ethylene is continuously supplied to the reactor 10 from the ethylene supply pipe 12 a through the compressor 60 and the first supply pipe 12.
- the compressor 60 unreacted ethylene separated in the degassing tank 20 and the condenser 20A is introduced through the circulation pipe 21, and ethylene separated in the ethylene separation tower 30 is introduced through the circulation pipe 31.
- the first supply pipe 12 may be branched into a plurality (for example, 2 to 8) before the reactor 10 and introduced into the liquid phase part of the reactor (not shown).
- the reaction solvent used for the low polymerization reaction of ethylene is supplied to the reactor 10 from the second supply pipe 13.
- the second supply pipe 13 contains a transition metal atom-containing compound (a) and a nitrogen atom-containing compound (b) among the catalyst components via the catalyst supply pipe 13a, and a chlorine atom-containing compound via the catalyst supply pipe 13b.
- (D) is supplied and introduced into the reactor 10 together with the reaction solvent.
- the alkylaluminum compound (c) is directly introduced into the reactor 10 from the third supply pipe 14.
- the alkylaluminum compound (c) may be supplied to the reactor 10 after being diluted with the reaction solvent in the second supply pipe 13 before the catalyst components are supplied from the catalyst supply pipes 13a and 13b (not shown). ).
- These catalyst components are preferably supplied to the liquid phase part in the reactor 10.
- reaction solvent from the hexene separation column 50 When the reaction solvent from the hexene separation column 50 is circulated and supplied to the reactor 10, at least a part of the reaction solvent in the second supply pipe 13 before the catalyst components are supplied from the catalyst supply pipes 13a and 13b is reacted. It may be supplied to the gas phase part of the vessel 10.
- Examples of the reactor 10 include a conventionally known type equipped with a stirrer 10a, a baffle, a jacket, and the like.
- a stirring blade in the form of a paddle, a fiddler, a propeller, a turbine, or the like is used in combination with a baffle such as a flat plate, a cylinder, or a hairpin coil.
- the operating conditions of the reactor 10 are as described above.
- the molar ratio of 1-hexene to ethylene in the reaction liquid in the reactor 10 ((1-hexene in the reaction liquid) / (ethylene in the reaction liquid)) is 0.05 to 1. 5, particularly preferably 0.10 to 1.0. Therefore, in the case of a continuous reaction, the catalyst concentration, reaction pressure, and other conditions are adjusted so that the molar ratio of ethylene to 1-hexene in the reaction solution falls within the above range. The reaction is preferably stopped when the molar ratio is in the above range. By doing so, the by-product of a component having a boiling point higher than that of 1-hexene is suppressed, and the selectivity of 1-hexene tends to be further increased.
- the reaction product liquid that has reached a predetermined conversion rate in the reactor 10 is continuously extracted from the bottom of the reactor 10 through the pipe 11 and supplied to the degassing tank 20.
- the catalyst deactivator such as 2-ethylhexanol supplied from the deactivator supply pipe 11a.
- Unreacted ethylene degassed in the degassing tank 20 is circulated and supplied to the reactor 10 from the upper part of the degassing tank 20 through the condenser 20A, the circulation pipe 21, the compressor 60, and the first supply pipe 12. Further, the reaction product liquid from which the unreacted ethylene has been degassed is extracted from the bottom of the degassing tank 20.
- the operating conditions of the degassing tank 20 are usually a temperature of 90 ° C. to 140 ° C., preferably 100 ° C. to 140 ° C., and a pressure of 1 kg / cm 2 (normal pressure) to 150 kg / cm 2 (0 to 14.6 MPaG).
- the pressure is preferably normal pressure to 90 kg / cm 2 (0 to 8.7 MPaG).
- the reaction product liquid extracted from the bottom of the degassing tank 20 is supplied to the ethylene separation tower 30 via the pipe 22.
- ethylene is distilled and separated from the top of the tower by distillation, and this ethylene is circulated and supplied to the reactor 10 via the circulation pipe 31 and the first supply pipe 12. Further, the reaction product liquid from which ethylene is removed is extracted from the bottom of the column.
- the operating conditions of the ethylene separation column 30 are usually that the pressure at the top of the column is from normal pressure to 30 kg / cm 2 (0 to 2.8 MPaG), preferably from normal pressure to 20 kg / cm 2 (0 to 1.9 MPaG).
- the ratio (R / D) is usually 0 to 500, preferably 0.1 to 100.
- the required number of theoretical plates is usually 2 to 20 plates.
- the reaction product solution obtained by distilling and separating ethylene in the ethylene separation tower 30 is withdrawn from the bottom of the ethylene separation tower 30 and supplied to the high boiling separation tower 40 through the pipe 32.
- a high boiling point component (HB: high boiler) is extracted from the bottom of the tower through the pipe 42 by distillation.
- the distillate from which the high boiling point component was separated is extracted from the top of the tower through the pipe 41.
- the operating conditions of the high-boiling separation tower 40 are usually a tower top pressure of 0.1 to 10 kg / cm 2 ( ⁇ 0.09 to 0.9 MPaG), preferably 0.5 to 5 kg / cm 2 ( ⁇ 0.05 to 0.4 MPaG), and the reflux ratio (R / D) is usually 0 to 100, preferably 0.1 to 20.
- the required number of theoretical plates is usually 3 to 50.
- the distillate extracted from the top of the high boiling separation tower 40 is supplied to the hexene separation tower 50 through the pipe 41.
- 1-hexene is distilled from the top of the column via a pipe 51 by distillation.
- a reaction solvent for example, n-heptane is extracted from the bottom of the hexene separation tower 50, and is circulated and supplied to the reactor 10 as a reaction solvent through the solvent circulation pipe 52, the pump 13c, and the second supply pipe 13. Is done.
- the operating condition of the hexene separation column 50 is usually a column top pressure of 0.1 to 10 kg / cm 2 ( ⁇ 0.09 to 0.9 MPaG), preferably 0.5 to 5 kg / cm 2 ( ⁇ 0.05 to 0). .4 MPaG), and the reflux ratio (R / D) is usually 0 to 100, preferably 0.2 to 20.
- the required number of theoretical plates is usually 5 to 100.
- chromium (III) -2-ethylhexanoate used as the transition metal atom-containing compound (a) has one chromium atom in the compound, and the transition metal atom-containing compound
- the molar ratio of the first chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -1 and the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2 to (a) is the same as the first chlorine atom-containing compound with respect to the transition metal atom in the reaction system ( d) -1 and the molar ratio of the second chlorine atom-containing compound (d) -2.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of catalyst solution> In a 500 ml glass three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and dried at 140 ° C. for 2 hours or longer, 0.37 g (3.9 mmol) of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole and 234 ml of n-heptane were added under a nitrogen atmosphere. 8.9 ml (3.9 mmol) of triethylaluminum diluted to 50 g / L with n-heptane was added thereto. Thereafter, the flask was immersed in an oil bath, and then the temperature was raised. N-heptane was refluxed at 98 ° C.
- the catalyst solution was diluted with n-heptane so that the concentration of chromium (III) -2-ethylhexanoate (a) was 0.88 g / L.
- the n-heptane used was dehydrated with molecular sieve 4A (dehydrated product was used for n-heptane described later).
- n-heptane as a reaction solvent 168 ml (including n-heptane in which each catalyst component is diluted) on the barrel side of the autoclave, and n-undecane used as an internal standard for composition analysis by gas chromatography. (Molecular sieve 4A dehydrated product) was charged in 5 ml to the barrel side of the autoclave.
- ethylene was introduced from the catalyst feed tube to initiate a low polymerization reaction of ethylene.
- the temperature in the autoclave was maintained at 140 ° C. and the total pressure was maintained at 7 MPaG.
- the introduction and stirring of ethylene were stopped, and immediately after the autoclave was quickly cooled, the entire amount of gas was sampled from the gas phase nozzle. And the reaction liquid was sampled and each composition analysis was performed with the gas chromatography. Moreover, after filtering and drying a reaction liquid, the polymer weight contained in the reaction liquid was measured.
- the catalytic activity is obtained by dividing the weight (unit: g) of the reaction product obtained by the reaction for 60 minutes by the amount of transition metal atom (unit: g) in the transition metal catalyst component (a) used in the reaction. It was. The molar ratio of each catalyst component and the results are shown in Table 1. In the table, (d) in “(d) -2 / (d)” represents the sum of (d) -1 and (d) -2.
- Example 2 In Example 1, the molar ratio of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 charged to the barrel side of the autoclave was 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate (a). Except for the above, the same method was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 In Example 1, the molar ratio of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 charged to the barrel side of the autoclave was 2 moles per mole of chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate (a). Except for the above, the same method was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 In Example 1, everything was carried out in the same manner except that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 was not charged on the barrel side of the autoclave. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 In Example 1, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 charged to the barrel side of the autoclave was changed to hexachloroethane (d) -2, and the molar ratio was changed to chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate. (A) All were carried out in the same manner except that 1 mol was used per 1 mol. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 In Example 4, everything was the same except that the molar ratio of hexachloroethane (d) -2 charged to the barrel side of the autoclave was 2 moles per mole of chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate (a). Went in the way. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 In Example 1, triethylaluminum (c) charged to the barrel side of the autoclave was 54 moles per mole of chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate (a), and diethylaluminum chloride was hexachloroethane (d) -1 The procedure was the same except that the amount was changed to 6 mol per 1 mol of chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate (a). The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 7 In Example 6, the molar ratio of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 charged to the barrel side of the autoclave was 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate (a). Except for the above, the same method was used. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 6 In Example 6, everything was carried out in the same manner except that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 was not charged on the barrel side of the autoclave. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the amount of hexachloroethane remaining from 1.14 mmol was subtracted from the amount of hexachloroethane charged in an amount of 1.5 mmol, resulting in an amount of hexachloroethane from which chlorine atoms were eliminated of 0.36 mmol. By dividing this by 2 hours, the chlorine atom elimination rate of hexachloroethane was 0.18 mmol / h.
- the chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was determined to be 0 mmol / h (reference: When the temperature was changed from 80 ° C. to 140 ° C. in the same manner, The chlorine atom elimination rate of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane increased to 0.6 mmol / h). Accordingly, (d) -1 is hexachloroethane and (d) -2 is 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.
- Example 9 In Example 1, ⁇ Preparation of catalyst solution> was not performed, and a dilute solution of chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate (a) in n-heptane (1. 84 g / L, 0.199 g / L as chromium atoms) 0.95 ml, hexachloroethane (d) -1 n-heptane dilution (5.16 g / L) 1.0 ml and 1,1,2,2 -A 0.5 ml dilution of n-heptane (3.66 g / L) of tetrachloroethane (d) -2 was charged.
- Example 9 In Example 9, an n-heptane dilution (3.66 g / L) of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 was not charged into a catalyst feed tube equipped with an autoclave rupture disk, and the reaction solvent The same procedure was followed except that the total amount of n-heptane was 168.05 ml on the barrel side of the autoclave. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 9 the amount of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 diluted n-heptane (3.66 g / L) charged to a catalyst feed tube equipped with an autoclave bursting plate was set to 1. All were carried out in the same manner except that the amount of n-heptane as the reaction solvent was adjusted to 166.55 ml on the barrel side of the autoclave. The results are shown in Table 4.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between (d) -2 / (d) [mol%] and catalytic activity [g / g-Cr] in Example 9 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
- n-heptane diluted solutions of n-heptane and 2,5-dimethylpyrrole (b), triethylaluminum (c) and diethylaluminum chloride (d) -1 are in the molar ratios shown in Table 5. It was prepared as follows. The total amount of n-heptane as a reaction solvent was 168.95 ml on the barrel side of the autoclave. Except for the above, the same method as in Example 1 was used. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 11 In Example 10, the amount of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 diluted n-heptane (3.68 g / L) charged to a catalyst feed tube equipped with an autoclave bursting plate was set to 1. All were carried out in the same manner except that the amount of n-heptane as a reaction solvent was adjusted to 168.05 ml on the barrel side of the autoclave. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 10 an n-heptane dilution (3.68 g / L) of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 was not charged into a catalyst feed tube equipped with an autoclave rupture disk, and the reaction solvent The same procedure was followed except that the amount of n-heptane was changed to a total of 169.05 ml with respect to a total of 168.95 ml on the barrel side of the autoclave. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 10 the amount of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (d) -2 n-heptane dilution (3.68 g / L) charged to a catalyst feed tube equipped with an autoclave bursting plate was set to 2 All were carried out in the same manner except that the amount of n-heptane as the reaction solvent was adjusted to 166.55 ml on the barrel side of the autoclave. The results are shown in Table 5.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between (d) -2 / (d) [mol%] and catalytic activity [g / g-Cr] in Examples 10 to 12 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
- the use can increase the catalytic activity and improve the yield and selectivity of the ⁇ -olefin low polymer.
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Abstract
Description
前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)が、塩素化炭化水素化合物及び塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2種の化合物を含み、ただし、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)は塩素化炭化水素化合物を必須成分として含み、
前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)に含まれる塩素化炭化水素化合物の下記測定方法で求められる塩素原子脱離速度がいずれも、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度以上であり、
前記少なくとも2種の化合物を含む塩素原子含有化合物(d)は、第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1と、前記第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1よりも塩素原子脱離速度が小さい第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2とを含み、かつ、
前記低重合反応系内における遷移金属原子に対する前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)の量が2モル倍以上50モル倍以下、及び、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)の全量に対する前記第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2の量の割合が1モル%以上49モル%以下となるように、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)を前記低重合反応系に供給する、α-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
<塩素化炭化水素化合物からの塩素原子脱離速度の測定方法>
アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)を反応溶媒で0.15mol/Lに希釈した液60mlに、測定対象の塩素化炭化水素化合物を前記反応溶媒で0.10mol/Lに希釈した液15mlを添加後、80℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物の残存濃度をガスクロマトグラフで分析し、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物の残存量と反応時間から、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物中の塩素原子が前記アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)により引き抜かれる塩素原子脱離速度を求める。
前記塩素化炭化水素化合物の下記測定方法で求められる塩素原子脱離速度はいずれも、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度以上であり、前記少なくとも2種の化合物を含む塩素原子含有化合物(d)は、第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1と、前記第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1よりも塩素原子脱離速度が小さい第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2とを含む。
また、前記低重合反応系内における遷移金属原子に対する前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)の量が2モル倍以上50モル倍以下、及び、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)の全量に対する前記第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2の量の割合が1モル%以上49モル%以下となるように、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)を低重合反応系に供給する。
アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)を反応溶媒で0.15mol/Lに希釈した液60mlに、測定対象の塩素化炭化水素化合物を前記反応溶媒で0.10mol/Lに希釈した液15mlを添加後、80℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物の残存濃度をガスクロマトグラフで分析し、前記測定対象の化合物の残存量と反応時間から、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物中の塩素原子が前記アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)により引き抜かれる塩素原子脱離速度を求める。
本発明において、触媒成分のうち、塩素原子含有化合物(d)として、塩素原子脱離速度が1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度以上のものを2種以上用い、高塩素原子脱離速度の第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1と、第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1よりも塩素原子脱離速度が小さい低塩素原子脱離速度の第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2とを併用することにより、触媒活性の経時劣化の抑制、α-オレフィン低重合体の選択率及び収率の向上効果が得られる。そのメカニズムの詳細は明らかではないが、以下の通り推定される。
すなわち、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度未満のものは、本発明における塩素原子含有化合物(d)には含まれない。例えば、前述のヘキサクロロエタンは、塩素原子を供給してテトラクロロエチレンとなるが、テトラクロロエチレンの塩素原子脱離速度は、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度より低いため本発明における塩素原子含有化合物(d)には含まれない。
また、化学結合の強さは原子間の結合エネルギーで表され、共有結合>イオン結合である。よって、上記の反応による塩素原子脱離速度は、[塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物]>[塩素化炭化水素化合物]となると定義する。すなわち、塩素原子含有化合物(d)として塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物と塩素化炭化水素化合物が含まれる場合には、塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物が第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1に含まれることとなり、塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物の塩素原子脱離速度を測定する必要はない。
また、後述するように、塩素原子含有化合物(d)として3種以上の化合物が含まれる場合には、前記塩素原子脱離速度の最も遅い塩素原子化合物を(d)-2とし、それより速い2種以上の塩素原子含有化合物を全て(d)-1とする。そのため、塩素原子含有化合物(d)として塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物が2種以上、塩素化炭化水素化合物が1種以上含まれる場合にも、2種以上の塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物はいずれも塩素原子化合物(d)-1となり、塩素原子脱離速度の最も遅い塩素化炭化水素化合物が塩素原子化合物(d)-2となるから、この場合でも塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物の塩素原子脱離速度を測定する必要はない。
また、前記の塩素原子脱離速度の測定方法において用いるアルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)としても、低重合反応に用いるアルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)と同じ化合物を用いることが好ましいが、必ずしも同一である必要はなく、後述のアルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)の例示物の中から1種又は2種以上を選択して使用してもよい。アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)は、空気中の酸素及び水分と容易に反応し形態が変わる為、反応中を含め、酸素、水分を実質含有していない窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガス雰囲気下で取り扱う。
化合物の塩素原子脱離速度の差異は、同一の反応条件(温度、時間、モル濃度、アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)、溶媒、撹拌回転数等)で判定する。
本発明のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法において、原料として使用するα-オレフィンとしては、例えば、炭素数が2~8の置換又は無置換のα-オレフィンが挙げられる。このようなα-オレフィンの具体例としては、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ヘキセン、1-オクテン、3-メチル-1-ブテン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン等が挙げられる。中でも、本発明の原料のα-オレフィンとしてはエチレンが好適である。
原料のα-オレフィンは1種を単独で用いても、複数用いてもよい。
本発明で製造されるα-オレフィン低重合体とは、前記原料α-オレフィンを低重合反応させたものである。α-オレフィンの低重合反応とは、原料α-オレフィンをオリゴマー化することである。
具体的には、原料であるα-オレフィンが2個~10個、好ましくは2個~5個結合したオリゴマーのことである。エチレンを原料とした場合、目的生成物であるα-オレフィン低重合体としては、炭素数4~10の置換又は無置換の直鎖又は分岐鎖のα-オレフィンが好ましく、炭素数4~10の無置換の直鎖のα-オレフィンがより好ましい。具体的には、エチレンの二量体である1-ブテン、三量体である1-ヘキセン、四量体である1-オクテン、五量体である1-デセン等が挙げられ、1-ヘキセン又は1-オクテンが好ましく、1-ヘキセンがより好ましい。目的生成物が1-ヘキセンである場合、生成物の混合物中、1-ヘキセンの含有率は90重量%以上が好ましい。
プロパジエン、1,3-ブタジエン、メタノール、プロパノール、水素、酸素、水、アセチレン、二酸化炭素、アルシン、オイル、窒素含有化合物類、カルボニル化合物類、酸素含有化合物類、塩素含有化合物類、リン含有化合物類については、触媒の被毒を防止するため、原料のエチレンに対して5molppm以下であることが好ましく、1molppm以下であることが更に好ましい。
一酸化炭素、硫化水素、硫化カルボニルは、触媒を強く被毒すると考えられるため、原料のエチレンに対して1molppm以下であることが好ましく、0.2molppm以下であることが更に好ましい。
本発明で使用する触媒は、遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)、窒素原子含有化合物(b)、アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)及び塩素原子含有化合物(d)を含有する。
本発明の触媒の構成成分として好適に使用される遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)(以下「触媒成分(a)」と称す場合がある。)に含有される金属としては、遷移金属であれば特に限定されないが、中でも、周期表第4~6族の遷移金属が好ましく用いられる。具体的に、好ましくはクロム、チタン、ジルコニウム、バナジウム及びハフニウムからなる群より選ばれる1種類以上の金属であり、更に好ましくはクロム又はチタンであり、最も好ましくはクロムである。
有機基としては、置換基を有していても良い炭素数1~30の炭化水素を含有した各種有機基が挙げられ、具体的には、カルボニル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基、β-ジケトナート基、β-ケトカルボキシル基、β-ケトエステル基、アミド基等が挙げられる。
無機基としては、硝酸基、硫酸基等の金属塩形成基が挙げられる。
陰性原子としては、酸素、ハロゲン等が挙げられる。なお、ハロゲンが含まれる遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)は、後述する塩素原子含有化合物(d)には含まれない。
これらの遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)の中でも、クロム含有化合物が好ましく、クロム含有化合物の中でも特に好ましくはクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエートである。
本発明において、触媒の構成成分として好適に使用される窒素原子含有化合物(b)(以下「触媒成分(b)」と称す場合がある。)は、特に限定されないが、アミン類、アミド類又はイミド類等が挙げられる。
また、ビス(ジエチルホスフィノ-エチル)アミン、ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ-エチル)アミン、N,N-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)メチルアミン、N,N-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)イソプロピルアミン、N,N-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-1,2-ジメチルプロピルアミンのようなジホスフィノアミン類でもよい。
イミド類としては、例えば、1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボキシイミド、スクシンイミド、フタルイミド、マレイミド、2,4,6-ピペリジントリオン、ペルヒドロアゼシン-2,10-ジオン又はこれらと周期表の第1、2若しくは13族の金属との塩が挙げられる。
スルホンアミド類およびスルホンイミド類としては、例えば、ベンゼンスルホンアミド、N-メチルメタンスルホンアミド、N-メチルトリフルオロメチルスルホンアミド、又はこれらと周期表の第1、2若しくは13族の金属との塩が挙げられる。
本発明では、これらの中でも、アミン類が好ましく、中でもピロール化合物がより好ましく、特に好ましくは2,5-ジメチルピロール又はジエチルアルミニウム(2,5-ジメチルピロライド)である。
本発明の触媒成分として好適に使用されるアルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)(以下「触媒成分(c)」と称す場合がある。)は、特に限定されないが、トリアルキルアルミニウム化合物、アルコキシアルキルアルミニウム化合物、水素化アルキルアルミニウム化合物、アルキルアルミノキサン化合物などが挙げられる。
なお、塩素化アルキルアルミニウム化合物は、アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)には含まれず、後述の塩素原子含有化合物(d)に含まれるものとする。
これらの中でも、トリアルキルアルミニウム化合物が好ましく、トリエチルアルミニウムが更に好ましい。
本発明において、塩素原子含有化合物(d)(以下、「触媒成分(d)」と称す場合がある。)としては、塩素化炭化水素化合物と、塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物及び別の塩素化炭化水素化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1の化合物の、合計少なくとも2種の化合物が好ましい。
このうち、塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物としては、周期表12族~15族の典型金属原子を含有する塩素化合物が挙げられ、具体的には、ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド、エチルアルミニウムセスキクロリド、エチルアルミニウムジクロリド、三塩化アルミニウム、エチルアルミニウムエトキシクロリド、塩化錫(II)、塩化錫(IV)、四塩化ゲルマニウム、塩化アンチモン(III)、塩化アンチモン(V)、塩化亜鉛等が挙げられる。
以下に、塩素原子含有化合物(d)が2種の化合物からなる場合における、より具体的な化合物の組み合わせを例示するが、第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1+第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2の順に例示する。
ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド+ヘキサクロロエタン
ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド+1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン
ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド+ベンジルクロリド
塩化錫(IV)+ヘキサクロロエタン
塩化錫(IV)+1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン
塩化錫(IV)+ベンジルクロリド
四塩化ゲルマニウム+ヘキサクロロエタン
四塩化ゲルマニウム+1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン
四塩化ゲルマニウム+ベンジルクロリド
塩化アンチモン(III)+ヘキサクロロエタン
塩化アンチモン(III)+1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン
塩化アンチモン(III)+ベンジルクロリド
ベンジルクロリド+アリルクロリド
ベンジルクロリド+ヘキサクロロエタン
ベンジルクロリド+1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン
アリルクロリド+ヘキサクロロエタン
アリルクロリド+1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン
ヘキサクロロエタン+1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン
なお、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度以上の化合物、即ち塩素原子含有化合物(d)を3種類以上用いた場合、前記塩素原子脱離速度の最も遅い塩素原子化合物を(d)-2とし、それより速い2種以上の塩素原子含有化合物を全て(d)-1とする。そのため、塩素原子含有化合物(d)における第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1の量の割合は、塩素原子脱離速度が最も遅い第2の塩素原子化合物(d)-2以外の他の塩素原子含有化合物の総和となる。
例えば、塩素原子含有化合物(d)がベンジルクロリド、ヘキサクロロエタン及びアリルクロリドの3種の化合物である場合、ベンジルクロリドとアリルクロリドが第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1となり、ヘキサクロロエタンが第2の塩素原子化合物(d)-2となる。
遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)、窒素原子含有化合物(b)、アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)及び塩素原子含有化合物(d)の各構成成分の比率は、特に限定されないが、通常、遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)1モルに対し、窒素原子含有化合物(b)1モル~50モル、好ましくは2モル~30モルであり、アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)1モル~200モル、好ましくは10モル~150モルである。また、遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)1モルに対し、塩素原子含有化合物(d)(第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1と第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2の合計)の下限は通常2モル、好ましくは3モル、更に好ましくは4モル、上限は通常50モル、好ましくは30モル、より好ましくは25モル、更に好ましくは20モルである。なお、遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)1モルに対するモル数とは、低重合反応系内における遷移金属原子に対するモル倍量と同義である。
第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2が上記上限よりも多いと反応活性が低下するおそれがあり、上記下限よりも少ないと前記の通り、第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1により形成された触媒活性種が劣化触媒種になることを抑制することができないおそれがある。すなわち、塩素原子含有化合物(d)並びに第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1及び第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2の含有量を前記範囲とすることによりそれぞれの機能を良好に発揮することができるようになる。
本発明において、α-オレフィン(原料α-オレフィン)としてエチレンを用いた場合、エチレンの低重合反応は、遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)としてクロム含有化合物を用い、遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)とアルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)とが予め接触しない態様でエチレンと遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)であるクロム含有化合物とを接触させて行うのが好ましい。
このような接触態様により、選択的にエチレンの三量化反応を行わせ、原料のエチレンから選択率90%以上でエチレンの三量体である1-ヘキセンを得ることができる。さらに、この場合、ヘキセンに占める1-ヘキセンの比率を99%以上にすることができる。
ここで、「遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)とアルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)とが予め接触しない態様」とは、エチレンの低重合反応の開始時に限定されず、その後の追加的なエチレン及び触媒成分の反応器への供給においても、このような態様が維持されることを意味する。また、回分反応形式についても同様の態様を利用するのが望ましい。
(1)触媒成分(a)、(b)及び(d)の混合物、触媒成分(c)をそれぞれ同時に反応器に導入する方法。
(2)触媒成分(b)~(d)の混合物、触媒成分(a)をそれぞれ同時に反応器に供給する方法。
(3)触媒成分(a)及び(b)の混合物、触媒成分(c)及び(d)の混合物をそれぞれ同時に反応器に供給する方法。
(4)触媒成分(a)及び(d)の混合物、触媒成分(b)及び(c)の混合物をそれぞれ同時に反応器に供給する方法。
(5)触媒成分(a)及び(b)の混合物、触媒成分(c)、触媒成分(d)をそれぞれ同時に反応器に供給する方法。
(6)触媒成分(c)及び(d)の混合物、触媒成分(a)、触媒成分(b)をそれぞれ同時に反応器に供給する方法。
(7)触媒成分(a)及び(d)の混合物、触媒成分(b)、触媒成分(c)をそれぞれ同時に反応器に供給する方法。
(8)触媒成分(b)及び(c)の混合物、触媒成分(a)、触媒成分(d)をそれぞれ同時に反応器に供給する方法。
(9)各触媒成分(a)~(d)をそれぞれ同時かつ独立に反応器に供給する方法。
上述した各触媒成分は、通常、エチレンの低重合反応に使用される後述の反応溶媒に溶解して反応器に供給される。
本発明のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法では、α-オレフィンの低重合反応を反応溶媒中で行う。
反応溶媒としては特に限定されないが、飽和炭化水素が好適に使用され、好ましくは、ブタン、ペンタン、3-メチルペンタン、n-ヘキサン、n-へプタン、2-メチルヘキサン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、2,2,4-トリメチルペンタン、デカリン等の炭素数が3~20の、鎖状飽和炭化水素又は脂環式飽和炭化水素である。また、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、メシチレン、テトラリン等の芳香族炭化水素や低重合反応で生成するα-オレフィン低重合体そのもの、具体的には、エチレンを三量化する際に得られる1-ヘキセンやデセン等を用いることもできる。これらは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上の混合溶媒として使用することもできる。
ここで、前記原料α-オレフィン供給量は、反応器内で反応する原料α-オレフィンの消費量と反応溶媒に溶解する原料α-オレフィンの溶解量の和に等しい。
本発明におけるα-オレフィンの低重合反応の反応温度としては、特に限定されないが、通常0~250℃であり、好ましくは50~200℃、更に好ましくは80~170℃である。
また、反応圧力としては、特に限定されないが、通常、常圧~25MPaGであり、好ましくは、0.5~15MPaG、さらに好ましくは、1~10MPaGの範囲である。
反応器内での滞留時間は、特に限定されないが、通常1分~10時間、好ましくは3分~3時間、更に好ましくは5~60分の範囲である。
反応形式は、特に限定されず、回分式、半回分式または連続式のいずれであってもよい。
以下に、本発明のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法の一態様を示す図1を参照して、本発明によるα-オレフィン低重合体の製造工程を説明する。
以下の説明では、α-オレフィンとしてエチレンを原料とする1-ヘキセン(エチレンの三量体)の製造方法を例示するが、本発明は何らエチレンからの1-ヘキセンの製造に限定されない。
また、第3供給管14からアルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)が反応器10に直接導入される。アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)は、触媒供給管13a及び13bから触媒成分が供給される前の第2供給管13の反応溶媒で希釈された後、反応器10に供給されてもよい(図示せず)。
これらの触媒成分は、反応器10内の液相部に供給されることが好ましい。
<触媒液の調製>
140℃で2時間以上加熱乾燥させた、撹拌機を有する500mlのガラス製三つ口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下で2,5-ジメチルピロールを0.37g(3.9mmol)とn-ヘプタンを234ml仕込み、これにn-ヘプタンで50g/Lに希釈したトリエチルアルミニウムを8.9ml(3.9mmol)添加した。その後、フラスコをオイルバスに浸した後に昇温し、窒素雰囲気下でn-ヘプタンの還流を98℃で3時間行うことで、窒素原子含有化合物であるジエチルアルミニウム(2,5-ジメチルピロライド)(b)を調製した。その後、80℃まで冷却した。続いて、n-ヘプタンで50g/Lに希釈したクロム(III)-2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)を6.3ml(0.65mmol)添加した。添加後、窒素雰囲気下で80℃で、30分間加熱、撹拌し、触媒液を調製した。その後、クロム(III)-2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)の濃度が0.88g/Lとなるよう、触媒液をn-ヘプタンで希釈した。尚、n-ヘプタンは、モレキュラーシーブ4Aで脱水されたものを使用した(後述のn-ヘプタンも脱水品を使用した。)。
次に、140℃で2時間以上加熱乾燥させた500mlオートクレーブ一式を熱いうちに組み立て、真空窒素置換を行った。以後の操作は、窒素雰囲気下で実施し、酸素及び水分の混入を防止した。このオートクレーブには耐圧の破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管を取り付けた。フィード管には、予め上記のように調製した触媒液を2ml仕込んだ。オートクレーブの胴側には、n-ヘプタン及びトリエチルアルミニウム(c)、ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド(d)-1、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2の各n-ヘプタン希釈液を表1のモル比になるように仕込んだ。反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンはオートクレーブの胴側で計168ml(各触媒成分を希釈したn-ヘプタンを含む)になり、更に、ガスクロマトグラフィーで組成分析する際の内部標準として使用するn-ウンデカン(モレキュラーシーブ4A 脱水品)をオートクレーブの胴側に5ml仕込んだ。
60分後、エチレンの導入と撹拌を停止し、オートクレーブを素早く冷却した後すぐに、気相ノズルよりガスを全量サンプリングした。そして反応液をサンプリングし、ガスクロマトグラフィーでそれぞれの組成分析を行った。また反応液を濾過して乾燥後、反応液中に含まれるポリマー重量の測定を行った。
各触媒成分のモル比、及び、結果を表1に示した。
表中「(d)-2/(d)」の(d)とは、(d)-1と(d)-2の総和を表す。
実施例1において、オートクレーブの胴側に仕込む1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のモル比をクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して1モルとした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表1に示した。
実施例1において、オートクレーブの胴側に仕込む1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のモル比をクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して2モルとした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表1に示した。
実施例1において、オートクレーブの胴側に1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2を仕込まなかった以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表1に示した。
実施例1において、オートクレーブの胴側に仕込む1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2をヘキサクロロエタン(d)-2に変え、モル比をクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して1モルとした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表2に示した。
実施例4において、オートクレーブの胴側に仕込むヘキサクロロエタン(d)-2のモル比をクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して2モルとした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表2に示した。
実施例1において、オートクレーブの胴側に仕込むトリエチルアルミニウム(c)をクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して54モルにし、ジエチルアルミニウムクロリドをヘキサクロロエタン(d)-1に変え、クロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して6モルとした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表3に示した。
実施例6において、オートクレーブの胴側に仕込む1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のモル比をクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して1モルとした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表3に示した。
実施例6において、オートクレーブの胴側に仕込む1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のモル比をクロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)1モルに対して2モルとした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表3に示した。
実施例6において、オートクレーブの胴側に1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2を仕込まなかった以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表3に示した。
トリエチルアルミニウム(c)をn-ヘプタンで0.15mol/Lに希釈した液60mlに、ヘキサクロロエタンをn-ヘプタンで0.10mol/Lに希釈した液15mlを添加後、80℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、ヘキサクロロエタンの残存濃度をガスクロマトグラフで分析し、ヘキサクロロエタンの残存量と反応時間から、ヘキサクロロエタンの塩素原子がトリエチルアルミニウム(c)により引き抜かれる塩素原子脱離速度を求めた。
ヘキサクロロエタンの仕込量1.5mmolからヘキサクロロエタンの残存量1.14mmolを差し引き、塩素原子が脱離したヘキサクロロエタン量が0.36mmolとなった。これを反応時間2時間で除することにより、ヘキサクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度は0.18mmol/hとなった。
従って、(d)-1は、ヘキサクロロエタンとなり、(d)-2は1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンとなる。
実施例1において、<触媒液の調製>を実施せず、耐圧の破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管に、クロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)のn-ヘプタン希釈液(1.84g/L、クロム原子として0.199g/L)を0.95ml、ヘキサクロロエタン(d)-1のn-ヘプタン希釈液(5.16g/L)を1.0ml及び1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.66g/L)を0.5ml仕込んだ。
オートクレーブの胴側には、n-ヘプタン及び2,5-ジメチルピロール(b)、トリエチルアルミニウム(c)の各n-ヘプタン希釈液を表4のモル比になるように仕込んだ。反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンはオートクレーブの胴側で計167.55mlにした。上記以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で行った。結果を表4に示した。
実施例9において、オートクレーブの破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管へ1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.66g/L)を仕込まず、反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンの仕込量をオートクレーブの胴側で計168.05mlにした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表4に示した。
実施例9において、オートクレーブの破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管への1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.66g/L)の仕込量を1.5mlにし、反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンの仕込量をオートクレーブの胴側で計166.55mlにした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表4に示した。
実施例1において、<触媒液の調製>を実施せず、耐圧の破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管に、クロム(III)2-エチルヘキサノエート(a)のn-ヘプタン希釈液(1.84g/L、クロム原子として0.199g/L)を0.95ml及び1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.68g/L)を0.1ml仕込んだ。
オートクレーブの胴側には、n-ヘプタン及び2,5-ジメチルピロール(b)、トリエチルアルミニウム(c)、ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド(d)-1の各n-ヘプタン希釈液を表5のモル比になるように仕込んだ。反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンはオートクレーブの胴側で計168.95mlにした。上記以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で行った。結果を表5に示した。
実施例10において、オートクレーブの破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管への1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.68g/L)の仕込量を1.0mlにし、反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンの仕込量をオートクレーブの胴側で計168.05mlにした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表5に示した。
実施例10において、オートクレーブの破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管への1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.68g/L)の仕込量を1.6mlにし、反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンの仕込量をオートクレーブの胴側で計167.45mlにした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表5に示した。
実施例10において、オートクレーブの破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管へ1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.68g/L)を仕込まず、反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンの仕込量をオートクレーブの胴側で計168.95mlに対して計169.05mlにした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表5に示した。
実施例10において、オートクレーブの破裂板を備えた触媒フィード管への1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタン(d)-2のn-ヘプタン希釈液(3.68g/L)の仕込量を2.5mlにし、反応溶媒であるn-ヘプタンの仕込量をオートクレーブの胴側で計166.55mlにした以外は、全て同様の方法で行った。結果を表5に示した。
10a 撹拌機
20 脱ガス槽
30 エチレン分離塔
40 高沸分離塔
50 ヘキセン分離塔
60 圧縮機
Claims (7)
- 遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)、窒素原子含有化合物(b)、アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)及び塩素原子含有化合物(d)を含む触媒と反応溶媒との存在下に、α-オレフィンの低重合反応を行ってα-オレフィン低重合体を製造する方法であって、
前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)が、塩素化炭化水素化合物及び塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2種の化合物を含み、ただし、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)は塩素化炭化水素化合物を必須成分として含み、
前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)に含まれる塩素化炭化水素化合物の下記測定方法で求められる塩素原子脱離速度がいずれも、1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの塩素原子脱離速度以上であり、
前記少なくとも2種の化合物を含む塩素原子含有化合物(d)は、第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1と、前記第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1よりも塩素原子脱離速度が小さい第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2とを含み、かつ、
前記低重合反応系内における遷移金属原子に対する前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)の量が2モル倍以上50モル倍以下、及び、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)の全量に対する前記第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2の量の割合が1モル%以上49モル%以下となるように、前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)を前記低重合反応系に供給する、α-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
<塩素化炭化水素化合物からの塩素原子脱離速度の測定方法>
アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)を反応溶媒で0.15mol/Lに希釈した液60mlに、測定対象の塩素化炭化水素化合物を前記反応溶媒で0.10mol/Lに希釈した液15mlを添加後、80℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物の残存濃度をガスクロマトグラフで分析し、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物の残存量と反応時間から、前記塩素化炭化水素化合物中の塩素原子が前記アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)により引き抜かれる塩素原子脱離速度を求める。 - 前記第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1が塩素化典型金属原子含有化合物を含み、前記第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2が塩素化炭化水素化合物である、請求項1に記載のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-1及び前記第2の塩素原子含有化合物(d)-2がともに塩素化炭化水素化合物である、請求項1に記載のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
- 前記塩素原子含有化合物(d)が、塩素化飽和炭化水素化合物及び塩素化ベンジル化合物の少なくともいずれか一方を含む、請求項2又は3に記載のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
- 前記アルキルアルミニウム化合物(c)がトリエチルアルミニウムである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
- 前記遷移金属原子含有化合物(a)における遷移金属がクロムを含み、前記窒素原子含有化合物(b)がピロール化合物を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
- 前記α-オレフィンがエチレンであり、前記α-オレフィン低重合体が1-ヘキセンである、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のα-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法。
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JPH07165815A (ja) * | 1993-02-17 | 1995-06-27 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | α−オレフイン低重合体の製造方法 |
JPH09268136A (ja) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-10-14 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
JP2008179631A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-08-07 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
WO2011118533A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | 三菱化学株式会社 | α-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
JP2013517938A (ja) * | 2010-01-29 | 2013-05-20 | オープン・ジョイント・ストック・カンパニー“シブール・ホールディング” | オレフィンの(共)三量体化およびオレフィンオリゴマーの(共)重合用の触媒系およびプロセス |
JP2014159391A (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2014-09-04 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
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TW354300B (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1999-03-11 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Process for producing <alpha>-olefin oligomers |
US5910619A (en) | 1994-06-21 | 1999-06-08 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Process for producing α-olefin oligomers |
JP3473192B2 (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 2003-12-02 | 三菱化学株式会社 | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
US5856612A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1999-01-05 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Process for producing α-olefin oligomer |
JPH1036435A (ja) * | 1996-07-29 | 1998-02-10 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
WO2005082816A1 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-09 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Methods of preparation of an olefin oligomerization catalyst |
EP2098543A4 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2012-01-25 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYOLEFINES, POLYOLEFINES AND AS A STARTING MATERIAL IN THE PRODUCTION OF LOWER LOW POLYETHYLENE TO 1-HEXES USED |
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JPH07165815A (ja) * | 1993-02-17 | 1995-06-27 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | α−オレフイン低重合体の製造方法 |
JPH09268136A (ja) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-10-14 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
JP2008179631A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-08-07 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
JP2013517938A (ja) * | 2010-01-29 | 2013-05-20 | オープン・ジョイント・ストック・カンパニー“シブール・ホールディング” | オレフィンの(共)三量体化およびオレフィンオリゴマーの(共)重合用の触媒系およびプロセス |
WO2011118533A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | 三菱化学株式会社 | α-オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
JP2014159391A (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2014-09-04 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | α−オレフィン低重合体の製造方法 |
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BR112017020721A2 (ja) | 2018-06-26 |
TWI648300B (zh) | 2019-01-21 |
KR102525260B1 (ko) | 2023-04-24 |
KR20170131429A (ko) | 2017-11-29 |
BR112017020721B1 (pt) | 2022-08-30 |
US20180016205A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
TW201700504A (zh) | 2017-01-01 |
US10689310B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
RU2682668C1 (ru) | 2019-03-20 |
CN107428629B (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
MY187425A (en) | 2021-09-22 |
CN107428629A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
JP6733252B2 (ja) | 2020-07-29 |
JP2016188203A (ja) | 2016-11-04 |
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