WO2016158566A1 - リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子およびその製造方法、炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子、炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体、リチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子およびその製造方法、炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子、炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体、リチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles and a method for producing the same, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules, and a lithium ion battery.
- Lithium-ion secondary batteries are widely used in information-related mobile communication electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers as batteries that provide higher voltage and higher energy density than conventional nickel cadmium batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries. ing. In the future, as one means to solve environmental problems, it is expected that the use will be expanded to in-vehicle applications mounted on electric vehicles / hybrid electric vehicles and industrial applications such as electric tools.
- the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material play an important role in determining the capacity and output.
- lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ) is often used as the positive electrode active material
- carbon is often used as the negative electrode active material.
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobaltate
- the use of lithium-ion batteries such as hybrid cars and electric cars has expanded in recent years, not only the capacity of batteries is improved, but also the output of how much capacity can be taken out in a short time will be increasingly required. It is becoming.
- next-generation active materials have been actively pursued for higher capacity and higher output of lithium ion secondary batteries.
- active materials such as olivine-based materials, that is, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) and lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO 4 ) are attracting attention as next-generation active materials.
- the capacity of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese phosphate is limited to about 20% of that of lithium cobaltate, so the effect on increasing the capacity is limited, but it does not contain cobalt, which is a rare metal, so it can be supplied stably.
- the olivine-based active material is covalently bonded to phosphorus, oxygen is not easily released and has a high safety feature.
- lithium manganese phosphate has a high discharge potential when used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery, and can be expected to contribute to higher output.
- the olivine-based positive electrode active material has a large change in crystal lattice due to charge / discharge, and has low electron conductivity and low ionic conductivity. That is, there is a problem that it is difficult to extract the theoretical capacity.
- Lithium manganese phosphate which has extremely low ionic and electronic conductivity, is required to have a smaller particle size than that of lithium iron phosphate, but it also improves Li ion conductivity. A shape that reduces the influence of strain associated with the charge / discharge reaction is required.
- lithium manganese phosphate since lithium ions can move only in the b-axis direction, the movement distance of lithium ions in the particles is made as short as possible, and the surface from which lithium ions are desorbed and inserted is wide. is there.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 lithium manganese phosphate having a thickness of about 20 to 30 nm oriented in the b-axis in a diethylene glycol aqueous solution is obtained.
- Patent Document 2 also discloses the effect of lithium manganese phosphate oriented in the b-axis direction.
- Patent Document 2 also produces plate-like particles of lithium manganese phosphate oriented in the b-axis direction, but the discharge capacity that the particles develop is less than half of the theoretical capacity. Therefore, the crystal orientation of the particles disclosed in Patent Document 2 cannot sufficiently exhibit the performance of lithium manganese phosphate.
- lithium manganese phosphate As described above, in order to increase the capacity of lithium manganese phosphate, it is necessary to optimize the shape and crystallinity of lithium manganese phosphate particles. However, focusing only on the movement of lithium ions and producing particles oriented in the b-axis, it was difficult to express the original high capacity of lithium manganese phosphate.
- An object of the present invention is to clarify the orientation of crystals capable of realizing a high capacity for lithium manganese phosphate, and to provide an electrode using lithium manganese phosphate, and further to lithium ion secondary using the electrode.
- the next battery is to provide.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on the orientation of primary particles indicated by the peak intensity ratio by powder X-ray diffraction so that lithium manganese phosphate exhibits a high capacity close to the theoretical capacity.
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is that the ratio I 20 / I 29 of the peak intensity at 20 ° and the peak intensity at 29 ° obtained by X-ray diffraction is 0.88 or more and 1.05 or less. Lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles having a crystallite size determined by diffraction of 10 nm to 50 nm.
- the present invention it is possible to increase the capacity by controlling the crystallite size and crystal orientation of the primary particles in lithium manganese phosphate having low electron conductivity and ion conductivity. Moreover, a high capacity
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles obtained in Example 1.
- the lithium manganese phosphate in the present invention is an olivine crystal structure compound represented by the chemical formula LiMnPO 4 , but may contain a trace amount of other elements as doping elements within the range in which the olivine crystal structure can be maintained. May be slightly increased or decreased.
- the doping element is added for the purpose of improving the electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity of lithium manganese phosphate and alleviating the change in crystal lattice size.
- doping elements Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Cs, Ba, etc. can be used.
- the doping element content may be up to 10 mol% with respect to the phosphorus element for doping elements other than Fe.
- Fe can substitute Mn in the olivine crystal structure and can easily maintain the olivine crystal structure, so it may be contained up to 30 mol% with respect to the phosphorus element.
- As the doping element Fe is preferable because it can improve the electron conductivity and ion conductivity in the crystal. If the doping amount of Fe is too large, the voltage drops during discharge and the energy density decreases, so that the doping amount is preferably small.
- the doping amount of Fe is preferably 20 mol% or less, more preferably 15 mol% or less, still more preferably 10 mol% or less, and most preferably 5% or less.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles in the present invention are lithium manganese phosphate particles having an average primary particle size of 100 nm or less.
- the average particle diameter is an average value of the particle diameters of 100 particles
- the particle diameter of each particle is a two-dimensional image obtained by observing 10 to 20 particles in one field of view with a field emission scanning electron microscope. From the average of the diameters of the inscribed circle and circumscribed circle obtained from
- the crystallite size obtained from the X-ray diffraction peak of lithium manganese phosphate in the present invention is 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less. Since lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles are generally obtained as a single crystal, the crystallite size directly corresponds to the particle size. Therefore, the crystallite size of 50 nm or less means that the particle size is atomized to about 50 nm or less. Lithium manganese phosphate has a large change in the crystal lattice size during charge and discharge, so it is necessary to reduce the strain generated during charge and discharge by making the particles fine. For this purpose, the crystallite size must be 50 nm or less.
- the crystallite size exceeds 50 nm, an excessive voltage is required to desorb lithium ions from lithium manganese phosphate during charging.
- the crystallite size of less than 10 nm means that there is almost no crystallinity, and reversible lithium desorption is difficult with such lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles.
- the X-ray diffraction peak in the present invention can be measured using an X-ray diffraction apparatus using Cu as an X-ray source.
- the crystallite size can be obtained by Rietveld analysis of the spectrum of the X-ray diffraction peak. In Rietveld analysis, it is necessary to verify the validity of the analysis, and when a GOF (Goodness-of-fit) value is used as an index, it may be 2.0 or less.
- D8ADVANCE manufactured by Bruker, Inc. can be used as the X-ray diffractometer, and TOPAS can be used as analysis software for Rietveld analysis.
- the lithium manganese phosphate in the present invention has clear peaks around 20 °, 25 °, 29 °, and 35 ° obtained by X-ray diffraction (hereinafter simply referred to as 20 ° peak, 25 ° peak, 29 ° peak, and 35 °). It is called a peak) and has the characteristics described later.
- 20 ° peak, 25 ° peak, 29 ° peak, and 35 ° peak obtained by powder X-ray diffraction are indexed to the (101), (201), (020), and (311) planes
- the intensity of each peak Represents the strength of the orientation to the crystal plane.
- the 29 ° peak indicates the (020) plane and indicates the intensity of grain growth orientation in the b-axis direction.
- values obtained by dividing the intensity of the 20 ° peak, 25 ° peak, and 35 ° peak by the 29 ° peak intensity are expressed as I 20 / I 29 , I 25 / I 29 , and I 35 / I 29 , respectively. .
- the crystallinity and particle shape of lithium manganese phosphate in the present invention are defined by the peak intensity ratios I 20 / I 29 , I 25 / I 29 , and I 35 / I 29 measured by the three X-ray diffractions. According to the study by the present inventors, the crystallinity necessary for the lithium manganese phosphate to exhibit a high capacity is not to be oriented on the b axis but only focusing on the conductivity of lithium ions. Rather, it has become clear that the crystal orientation in a specific direction is reduced as much as possible, and the crystal is preferably grown uniformly.
- the uniform growth of crystals is close to a sphere as the shape of the nanoparticles, but this is due to the change in the crystal lattice size during the charge / discharge reaction due to the reduction in the surface area of the particles.
- the strain is not absorbed in a specific direction but absorbed by the whole particle. It is considered that lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, which are less susceptible to strain, have reduced energy required for lithium insertion and removal, and as a result, contributed to higher capacity.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention have an I 20 / I 29 of 0.88 to 1.05, preferably 0.90 to 1.05.
- I 20 / I 29 is the ratio of the b-axis plane (020) to the (101) plane. (020) and (101) are orthogonal to each other, and the value of I 20 / I 29 is 0.88 or more and 1.05 or less, indicating that the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles are extremely oriented in the b-axis direction.
- This means that the shape of the particles is not plate-like but close to a sphere. When the particles approach a spherical shape, it becomes possible to alleviate distortion of the crystal lattice due to lithium ion desorption during charging and discharging, and as a result, it is possible to contribute to an increase in capacity.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles in the present invention preferably have an I 25 / I 29 of 0.95 or more and 1.15 or less.
- I 25 / I 29 is the ratio of the b-axis plane (020) to the (201) plane. (020) and (201) are orthogonal to each other.
- I 20 / I 29 being 0.88 or more and 1.05 or less
- I 25 / I 29 being 0.95 or less and 1.15 or less further reduces the crystal orientation of the particles, It means that the crystal orientation becomes more homogeneous and the particle shape is closer to a sphere. Therefore, the effect of alleviating distortion of the crystal lattice due to lithium ion desorption / insertion during charge / discharge is enhanced, and as a result, it is possible to contribute to the improvement of capacity.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles in the present invention preferably have an I 35 / I 29 of 1.05 or more and 1.20 or less.
- I 35 / I 29 is the ratio of the (311) plane to the b-axis plane (020).
- I 35 / I 29 is 1.05 or more and 1.20 or less, the crystal orientation of the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles is further reduced, resulting in a more uniform crystal orientation, and the particle shape is further spherical. It means approaching. Therefore, the effect of alleviating distortion of the crystal lattice due to lithium ion desorption / insertion during charge / discharge is enhanced, and as a result, it is possible to contribute to the improvement of capacity.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles in the present invention preferably have a crystallinity of 45% or more.
- the crystallinity in the present invention is a ratio obtained by Rietveld analysis when X-ray diffraction is measured by mixing cerium oxide as a standard substance and the same weight as lithium manganese phosphate.
- a degree of crystallinity of 45% or more means that the amorphous part in the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles is sufficiently small, which enables reversible desorption of lithium ions and contributes to an increase in capacity. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the measurement of crystallinity in the present invention shall be in accordance with Example A below.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention can also be carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles that have been subjected to a conductive treatment by coating the particle surface with carbon.
- the powder resistance value of the particles is preferably 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm to 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm. If it is 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, the electron resistance from the current collector to the particle surface when it is used as an electrode increases, which may significantly inhibit the expression of capacity.
- such carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles contain 1% by weight or more and less than 10% by weight of carbon relative to the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles. Preferably it is.
- the electron conductivity in the electrode when used as an electrode is improved, and the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles contribute to the development of capacity.
- the amount of carbon contained is more preferably less than 5% by weight.
- the form of secondary particles in which carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles are assembled that is, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles. It is preferable to use a particle granulated body.
- the carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules are preferably granulated in a spherical shape.
- the spherical shape refers to the circumscribed circle with respect to the inscribed circle of the granulated body in a two-dimensional image observed with a field emission scanning electron microscope so that 3 to 10 granulated bodies are contained within one field of view. It means that the ratio of diameters is 0.7 or more and 1 or less. In the present invention, if the average ratio of the diameter of the circumscribed circle to the inscribed circle when 100 carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules are observed is 0.7 or more and 1 or less, it is granulated into a spherical shape. It shall be judged that In the present invention, when 100 carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules are observed, it is preferable that 80 or more are spherical.
- the average particle diameter of the carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is 0.1 ⁇ m or less, the solid content of the electrode paste decreases, and the amount of solvent necessary for coating tends to increase.
- the average particle size is 30 ⁇ m or more, the electrode surface is uneven when the electrode is applied, and the battery reaction tends not to proceed uniformly in the electrode.
- the method for producing the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is produced by appropriately controlling the solvent species, the moisture content in the solvent, the stirring rate, the synthesis temperature, and the raw material using liquid phase synthesis. It is preferable.
- a method for producing the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention by liquid phase synthesis will be described.
- manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese formate, manganese acetate, and hydrates thereof may be used as the manganese raw material. it can.
- phosphoric acid raw material phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, dilithium hydrogen phosphate, trilithium phosphate and hydrates thereof can be used.
- lithium raw material lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, dilithium hydrogen phosphate, trilithium phosphate, and hydrates thereof can be used.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention can be suitably produced without by-products by using manganese sulfate, phosphoric acid, and lithium hydroxide in a molar ratio of 1: 1: 3.
- a coordinating organic solvent is preferable from the viewpoint of controlling particle growth and crystal orientation, and among the coordinating solvents, alcohol solvents are preferable.
- alcohol solvents are preferable.
- Specific examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 2-propanol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol.
- polar solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, and acetic acid can be used.
- a plurality of kinds of solvents may be mixed and used as the solvent.
- the solvent is required to have strong coordination with lithium manganese phosphate.
- these solvents diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol having particularly strong coordination are preferable, and among them, diethylene glycol is preferable.
- an organic solvent as the solvent for the liquid phase synthesis, but in order to uniformly dissolve the lithium raw material, the manganese raw material, and the phosphoric acid raw material and to control the coordination property to the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, Is more preferably a mixture of an organic solvent and water.
- the proportion of water in the total solvent at the end of the synthesis is preferably 15% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less. When the water content is 15% by weight or less, it is difficult to dissolve all the raw materials. When the water content is 50% by weight or more, the coordination effect of the organic solvent is reduced, and lithium manganese phosphate is a nanoparticle having a crystallite size of 50 nm or less. Difficult to do.
- the manganese manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention are prepared by adding a solution of a manganese raw material and a phosphoric acid raw material while stirring the lithium raw material solution at a high speed, and then stirring under normal pressure or a pressure close to normal pressure of 0.13 MPa or less. It can be obtained by heating to the synthesis temperature. By adding phosphoric acid and manganese sulfate while stirring the lithium raw material solution at high speed, a fine precursor dispersion with a weak orientation in a specific crystal direction can be obtained. It becomes possible to obtain lithium manganese phosphate particles having a size.
- the high-speed stirring in the present invention is stirring at a peripheral speed of 1 m / second or more.
- a precursor solution is prepared by adding an aqueous solution in which phosphoric acid and manganese sulfate are dissolved at a room temperature of about 25 ° C. under high-speed stirring, and then up to the synthesis temperature. It is preferable to heat.
- the synthesis temperature is preferably 100 ° C or higher and 150 ° C or lower.
- the chemical reaction to change the raw material to lithium manganese phosphate proceeds, it is necessary to supply a certain amount of thermal energy, and the production of lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles is promoted at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher.
- the size of the generated particles greatly depends on the synthesis temperature, and when synthesized at a temperature higher than 150 ° C., the particles tend to grow coarsely and it is difficult to obtain nanoparticles having a crystallite size of 50 nm or less.
- the liquid phase synthesis needs to be carried out under a pressure close to a normal pressure of 0.13 MPa or less, and is preferably 0.12 MPa or less, more preferably 0, in order to weaken the crystal growth orientation. .11 MPa or less, more preferably at normal pressure.
- particles with high crystallinity can be obtained when synthesized under pressure using an autoclave or the like, but when synthesized under pressure, the crystal orientation in a specific direction tends to be strong.
- the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention In order to convert the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention into carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, the lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles and saccharides such as glucose are mixed and fired at about 700 ° C. in an inert atmosphere. Thus, a method of forming a carbon layer on the particle surface is preferable.
- the amount of carbon contained in the carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles is preferably controlled by the amount of sugars to be mixed.
- the carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles of the present invention into a carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulated body, it is preferable to granulate using spray drying in the process of carbon coating. Specifically, it is preferable that lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, saccharides and water are mixed to prepare a dispersion, which is dried and granulated by spray drying and then fired at about 700 ° C. in an inert atmosphere.
- the lithium ion battery of the present invention uses the manganese manganese phosphate nanoparticles, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, or carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate particle granules of the present invention as the positive electrode material.
- the crystallinity was measured by powder X-ray diffraction using D8 ADVANCE manufactured by Bruker ASX. 50 mg each of lithium manganese phosphate particles and cerium oxide (Sigma Aldrich) were weighed with a balance, and powder X-ray diffraction was performed with a sample mixed in a mortar. Using a powder X-ray diffraction analysis software TOPAS manufactured by Bruker ASX, the ratio of lithium manganese phosphate and cerium oxide was calculated by performing a Rietveld analysis, and the ratio of lithium manganese phosphate was defined as the crystallinity. .
- an electrode was produced as follows. 900 parts by weight of lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, 50 parts by weight of acetylene black (Denka Black (registered trademark) manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a conductive auxiliary agent, 50 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (Arkema Kynar HSV900) as a binder, As a solvent, 1200 weight of N-methylpyrrolidone was mixed with a planetary mixer to obtain an electrode paste.
- acetylene black Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- polyvinylidene fluoride Arkema Kynar HSV900
- the electrode paste was applied to an aluminum foil (thickness: 18 ⁇ m) using a doctor blade (300 ⁇ m) and dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain an electrode plate.
- Cell guard (registered trademark) # 2400 manufactured by Celgard Co., Ltd. obtained by cutting out the produced electrode plate to a diameter of 15.9 mm to be a positive electrode, lithium foil cut to a diameter of 16.1 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm as a negative electrode, and a diameter of 20 mm
- Example 1 After dissolving 60 mmol of lithium hydroxide monohydrate in 16 g of pure water, 104 g of diethylene glycol was added to prepare a lithium hydroxide / diethylene glycol aqueous solution. The obtained lithium hydroxide / diethylene glycol aqueous solution was stirred at 2000 rpm using a homodisper (Homodisper 2.5 type manufactured by Primics), and 20 mmol of phosphoric acid (85% aqueous solution) and manganese sulfate monohydrate were added. An aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 20 mmol of the product in 10 g of pure water was added to obtain a lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle precursor. The obtained precursor solution was heated to 110 ° C.
- a homodisper Homodisper 2.5 type manufactured by Primics
- the obtained nanoparticles were washed by adding pure water and repeating solvent removal with a centrifuge.
- the obtained lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles were nanoparticles having a shape close to an elliptical rotating body, as shown in FIG. The synthesis was repeated until the lithium manganese phosphate particles obtained by washing reached 10 g.
- lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles To 10 g of the obtained lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, 2.5 g of glucose and 40 g of pure water were added and mixed. Using a spray drying device (ADL-311-A manufactured by Yamato Kagaku), the nozzle diameter was 400 ⁇ m, the drying temperature was 150 ° C., and atomization. Granulation was performed at a pressure of 0.2 MPa. The obtained granulated particles were fired in a firing furnace at 700 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules.
- ADL-311-A manufactured by Yamato Kagaku
- the crystallinity was calculated to be 49%.
- the resistivity was measured and found to be 89 k ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the average particle size was 9.2 ⁇ m.
- the discharge capacity was measured under the conditions of an upper limit voltage of 4.4 V and a lower limit voltage of 3.0 V, and it was 142 mAh / g at a rate of 0.1 C and 109 mAh / g at a rate of 3 C.
- Example 2 A carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granule was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the synthesis temperature was 125 ° C. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 A carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the synthesis temperature was 140 ° C. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 4 Carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the rotation speed of the homodisper was set to 3000 rpm. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 5 Carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the rotation speed of the homodisper was 4000 rpm. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 6 Carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent used in the synthesis was changed from diethylene glycol to triethylene glycol. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 7 A carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent used in the synthesis was changed from 104 g of diethylene glycol to 48 g of tetraethylene glycol. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 8 A carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent used for the synthesis was changed from 104 g of diethylene glycol to 104 g of tetraethylene glycol. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 9 10 g of lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the synthesis temperature was 160 ° C. Next, after the obtained particles were crushed by a planetary ball mill, glucose 2.5 and 40 g of pure water were added and spray-dried in the same manner as in Example 1, followed by firing. The planetary ball mill treatment was performed under the conditions of a rotation speed of 300 rpm and a treatment time of 6 hours using a P5 made by Fritsch as the main body of the apparatus, a 45 ml container made of zirconia as the container, and 18 10 mm beads made of zirconia as the beads. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 10 Carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 16 mmol of manganese sulfate monohydrate and 4 mmol of iron sulfate heptahydrate were dissolved. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 11 Carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 17 mmol of manganese sulfate monohydrate and 3 mmol of iron sulfate heptahydrate were dissolved. Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the obtained lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 A carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granule was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the rotation speed of the homodisper was 500 rpm.
- Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 In Example 1, instead of heating the precursor solution of lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles to 110 ° C. at normal pressure and holding for 2 hours, the precursor solution was placed in a pressure-resistant sealed container and heated to 110 ° C. A carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulate was obtained in the same manner except that it was held for 4 hours. Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 5 A carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granule was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that crushing using a planetary ball mill was not performed. Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the obtained carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granules in the same manner as in Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
結晶子サイズと各試料の粉末X線回折パターンはBruker・ASX社製のD8 ADVANCEを用い測定を行った。また、測定条件は2θ=5°~70°、スキャン間隔0.02°、スキャン速度20秒/degで行った。結晶子サイズの算出はBruker・ASX社製の粉末X線回折用解析ソフトTOPASを用い、リートベルト解析をすることで得た。各ピーク強度比はBruker・ASX社製の粉末X線回折用解析ソフトEVAを用いて、バックグランド除去(係数1.77)を行い、ピーク強度を読み取って算出した。20°ピーク、25°ピーク、35°ピークの強度を、29°ピークの強度で除した値はそれぞれI20/I29、I25/I29、I35/I29とした。
結晶化度の測定はBruker・ASX社製のD8 ADVANCEを用い粉末X線回折にて行った。リン酸マンガンリチウム粒子と酸化セリウム(シグマアルドリッチ社)を50mgずつ天秤で計り取り、乳鉢で混合した試料で粉末X線回折を行った。Bruker・ASX社製の粉末X線回折用解析ソフトTOPASを用い、リートベルト解析をすることで、リン酸マンガンリチウムと酸化セリウムの割合を算出し、リン酸マンガンリチウムの割合を結晶化度とした。
抵抗率は三菱化学アナリテック社製のロレスタ(登録商標)GPを用いて測定した。リン酸マンガンリチウム粒子100mgをφ13mmのプレス治具内に入れ、プレス機で8tの圧力を加えてペレットを成型した後、測定した。
リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子に含まれる炭素の重量割合はHORIBA製の炭素硫黄分析装置EMIA-810Wにて測定した。
造粒後のリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子の平均二次粒子径はHORIBA製のレーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置LA-920を用いて測定した。
得られたリン酸マンガンリチウム粒子を用いて電極を以下のように作製した。リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子900重量部、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業株式会社製 デンカブラック(登録商標))50重量部、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(アルケマ株式会社 Kynar HSV900)50重量部、溶剤としてN-メチルピロリドン1200重量をプラネタリーミキサーで混合して、電極ペーストを得た。当該電極ペーストをアルミニウム箔(厚さ18μm)にドクターブレード(300μm)を用いて塗布し、80℃30分間乾燥して電極板を得た。作製した電極板を直径15.9mmに切り出して正極とし、直径16.1mm厚さ0.2mmに切り出したリチウム箔を負極とし、直径20mmに切り出したセルガード(登録商標)#2400(セルガード社製)セパレータとして、LiPF6を1M含有するエチレンカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート=3:7(体積比)の溶媒を電解液として、2032型コイン電池を作製し、電気化学評価を行った。測定は、理論容量を171mAh/gとし、充放電測定をレート0.1Cで3回行った後続けて3Cで3回行い、各レートの3回目の放電時の容量を放電容量とした。
水酸化リチウム一水和物60ミリモルを純水16gに溶解させた後、ジエチレングリコールを104g添加し、水酸化リチウム/ジエチレングリコール水溶液を作製した。得られた水酸化リチウム/ジエチレングリコール水溶液をホモディスパー(プライミクス社製 ホモディスパー 2.5型)を用いて2000rpmで撹拌させているところへ、リン酸(85%水溶液)20ミリモルと硫酸マンガン1水和物20ミリモルを純水10gに溶解させて得られる水溶液を添加し、リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子前駆体を得た。得られた前駆体溶液を110℃まで加熱し、2時間保持し、固形分としてリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子を得た。得られたナノ粒子は純水を添加して遠心分離機による溶媒除去を繰り返すことにより洗浄した。得られたリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子は図1に示すように、楕円の回転体に近い形状のナノ粒子であった。洗浄して得られるリン酸マンガンリチウム粒子が10gとなるまで合成を繰り返した。
合成温度を125℃とすること以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。実施例1と同様に得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を評価した結果を表1に示す。
合成温度を140℃とすること以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
ホモディスパーの回転数を4000rpmとすること以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
合成に用いる溶媒をジエチレングリコールからトリエチレングリコールに変えたこと以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
合成に用いる溶媒をジエチレングリコール104gからテトラエチレングリコール48gに変えたこと以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
合成に用いる溶媒をジエチレングリコール104gからテトラエチレングリコール104gに変えたこと以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られたリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
合成温度を160℃とすること以外は実施例1と同様にしてリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子を10g合成した。次いで得られた粒子を遊星ボールミルにて破砕した後に実施例1と同様にグルコース2.5と純水40gを添加してスプレードライ後、焼成した。該遊星ボールミル処理は装置本体にフリッチュ社製P5、容器にジルコニア製45ml容器、ビーズにジルコニア製10mmビーズ18個を用い、回転数300rpm、処理時間6時間の条件にて実施した。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
硫酸マンガン一水和物を16ミリモル、硫酸鉄七水和物を4ミリモル溶解させること以外実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られたリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
硫酸マンガン一水和物を17ミリモル、硫酸鉄七水和物を3ミリモル溶解させること以外実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られたリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表1に示す。
ホモディスパーの回転数を500rpmとすること以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
水酸化リチウムを溶解させる純水を16gから117gに変えたこと以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
実施例1において、リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子の前駆体溶液を常圧にて110℃に加熱し2時間保持するのに変わり、該前駆体溶液を耐圧密閉容器に入れて110℃に加熱して4時間保持する以外は同様にして炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
水酸化リチウム/ジエチレングリコール水溶液を110℃に加熱してから、リン酸(85%水溶液)20ミリモルと硫酸マンガン4水和物20ミリモルを純水10gに溶解させて得られる水溶液を添加し、2時間保持したこと以外は実施例1と同様に炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
実施例9において、遊星ボールミルを用いた破砕を行わなかったこと以外は同様にして炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を得た。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
酢酸マンガン四水和物20ミリモルを水4.4gに溶解させ、ジエチレングリコールを60g添加した後、110℃にて1時間保持し、茶色の懸濁液を得た。得られた酢酸マンガン懸濁液を110℃に保持したまま、水9.17gにリン酸二水素リチウム20ミリモルを溶解させた水溶液を該マンガン溶液に滴下し4時間保持することで、固形分としてリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子を得た。得られたナノ粒子は実施例1と同様に洗浄した後、スプレードライによる造粒及びグルコースを用いた炭素被覆処理を行った。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
純水190gにリン酸三リチウム40ミリモルと硫酸マンガン1水和物40ミリモルを溶解させ、耐圧容器を用いて130℃1時間保持し、固形分としてリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子を得た。得られたナノ粒子に実施例1と同様の洗浄、造粒及び炭素被覆処理を行った。得られた炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
Claims (10)
- X線回折によって得られる20°におけるピーク強度と29°におけるピーク強度の比I20/I29が0.88以上1.05以下であり、X線回折より求められる結晶子サイズが10nm以上50nm以下であるリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子。
- I20/I29が0.90以上1.05以下である、請求項1に記載のリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子。
- X線回折によって得られる25°におけるピーク強度と29° におけるピーク強度の比I25/I29が0.95以上1.15以下である、請求項1または2に記載のリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子。
- X線回折によって得られる35°におけるピーク強度と29° におけるピーク強度の比I35/I29が1.05以上1.20以下である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子。
- 結晶化度が45%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子を炭素被覆してなる炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子。
- リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子に対して1重量%以上10重量%未満の炭素を含む、請求項6に記載の炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子。
- 請求項6または7に記載の炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子を平均粒径0.1μm以上30μm以下に造粒してなる炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体。
- リチウム原料溶液を高速撹拌しながらマンガン原料とリン酸原料の溶液を添加し、その後0.13MPa以下の圧力下で合成温度まで加熱することを特徴とするリン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のリン酸マンガンリチウム粒子、請求項7に記載の炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子、または請求項8に記載の炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウム粒子造粒体を正極材料に用いたリチウムイオン電池。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020177029810A KR102145248B1 (ko) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | 인산망간리튬 나노 입자 및 그의 제조 방법, 탄소 피복 인산망간리튬 나노 입자, 탄소 피복 인산망간리튬 나노 입자 조립체, 리튬 이온 전지 |
CN201680018183.7A CN107428535B (zh) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | 磷酸锰锂纳米颗粒及其制造方法、碳覆盖磷酸锰锂纳米颗粒、碳覆盖磷酸锰锂纳米颗粒造粒体、锂离子电池 |
CA2977349A CA2977349C (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | Lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles and method for manufacturing same, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulated body, and lithium ion cell |
JP2016518223A JP6729369B2 (ja) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子およびその製造方法、炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子、炭素被覆リン酸マンガンリチウムナノ粒子造粒体、リチウムイオン電池 |
EP16772447.5A EP3279137A4 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | Lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles and method for manufacturing same, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulated body, and lithium ion cell |
US15/679,345 US10181601B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2017-08-17 | Lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles and method for manufacturing same, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticles, carbon-coated lithium manganese phosphate nanoparticle granulated body, and lithium ion cell |
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Cited By (4)
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JP6471821B1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-20 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用電極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2020161456A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2021153007A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 二次電池電極用活物質およびそれを用いた二次電池 |
JP2021125377A (ja) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池 |
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CN108862229A (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-23 | 合肥亚龙化工有限责任公司 | 一种电池正极材料磷酸锰锂的合成方法 |
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JP6471821B1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-20 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用電極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2019149355A (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-05 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用電極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2020161456A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
US11158852B2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2021-10-26 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries, positive electrode for lithium-ion secondary batteries, and lithium-ion secondary battery |
JP6999598B2 (ja) | 2019-03-28 | 2022-01-18 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2021153007A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 二次電池電極用活物質およびそれを用いた二次電池 |
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JP6729369B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 |
CN107428535A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
KR20170133387A (ko) | 2017-12-05 |
TW201639780A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
US10181601B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
KR102145248B1 (ko) | 2020-08-18 |
TWI681925B (zh) | 2020-01-11 |
EP3279137A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
CN107428535B (zh) | 2020-12-04 |
CA2977349C (en) | 2020-10-06 |
EP3279137A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
JPWO2016158566A1 (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
CA2977349A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
US20170352879A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
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