WO2016136179A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016136179A1 WO2016136179A1 PCT/JP2016/000757 JP2016000757W WO2016136179A1 WO 2016136179 A1 WO2016136179 A1 WO 2016136179A1 JP 2016000757 W JP2016000757 W JP 2016000757W WO 2016136179 A1 WO2016136179 A1 WO 2016136179A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- transition metal
- rare earth
- metal oxide
- particles
- Prior art date
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
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- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have been required to have a high capacity that enables long-term use and an improvement in output characteristics that enables repeated charging and discharging of a large current in a relatively short time. It has been.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a reaction between a positive electrode active material and an electrolytic solution even when the charging voltage is increased by causing a group 3 element of the periodic table to be present on the surface of base material particles as a positive electrode active material. It has been suggested that deterioration of charge storage characteristics can be suppressed.
- Patent Document 2 suggests that inclusion of lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO 2 F 2 ) in the electrolyte can reduce IV resistance before the charge / discharge cycle and gas generation during high-temperature storage.
- LiPO 2 F 2 lithium difluorophosphate
- DCR Direct Current Resistance
- an object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can suppress an increase in DCR after a charge / discharge cycle.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode is a primary lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode is a primary lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains lithium difluorophosphate, and adheres to both of the primary particles adjacent to each other in the concave portion formed between the adjacent primary particles on the surface. To do.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention can suppress an increase in DCR after the charge / discharge cycle.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. It is the typical sectional view which expanded a part of cathode active material particles which are an example of an embodiment, and the cathode active material particles.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a part of positive electrode active material particles produced in Experimental Examples 3 and 4 is enlarged. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a part of positive electrode active material particles produced in Experimental Examples 5 and 6 is enlarged.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of an embodiment.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 includes a positive electrode 1, a negative electrode 2, and a nonaqueous electrolyte (not shown).
- the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are wound around a separator 3 and constitute a flat electrode group together with the separator 3.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 includes a positive electrode current collecting tab 4, a negative electrode current collecting tab 5, and an aluminum laminate outer package 6 having a closed portion 7 whose peripheral edges are heat-sealed.
- the flat electrode group and the nonaqueous electrolyte are accommodated in the aluminum laminate outer package 6.
- the positive electrode 1 is connected to the positive electrode current collection tab 4
- the negative electrode 2 is connected to the negative electrode current collection tab 5, and it has a structure which can be charged / discharged as a secondary battery.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 includes lithium difluorophosphate as will be described in detail later.
- the shape of the battery may be, for example, a cylindrical battery, a square battery, a coin battery, or the like.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector such as a metal foil and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- a positive electrode current collector such as a metal foil and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- a metal foil that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode such as aluminum, a film in which the metal is disposed on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer preferably includes a conductive material and a binder in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and the like is applied onto a positive electrode current collector, the coating film is dried, and then rolled to collect a positive electrode mixture layer. It can be produced by forming on both sides of the body.
- the conductive material is used to increase the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer.
- Examples of the conductive material include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and graphite. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the binder is used to maintain a good contact state between the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and to enhance the binding property of the positive electrode active material or the like to the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the binder include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resin, acrylic resin, and polyolefin resin.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- polyimide resin acrylic resin
- polyolefin resin polyolefin resin.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a part of the positive electrode active material particles as an example of the embodiment and the positive electrode active material particles.
- the positive electrode active material particles include lithium-containing transition metal oxide secondary particles 21 formed by aggregation of lithium-containing transition metal oxide primary particles 20 and rare-earth compound primary particles 24. And secondary particles 25 of rare earth compounds formed by aggregation. Then, the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound adhere to the recesses 23 formed between the adjacent primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide on the surface of the secondary particles 21 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. And adhering to both primary particles 20 adjacent to each other in the recess 23.
- the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound are attached to both of the primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide that are adjacent to each other in the recess 23.
- the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound are attached to both surfaces.
- a part of the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound may adhere to the surface of the secondary particles 21 other than the recesses 23, but most of the secondary particles 25, for example, 80% or more, or 90% or more, or substantially 100% is present in the recess 23.
- the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound adhering to both of the primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide adjacent to each other in the recesses 23 are adjacent in the charge / discharge cycle.
- Surface modification of the primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide that are in contact with each other is suppressed, and cracking from the primary particle interface in the recesses 23 is suppressed.
- the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound are considered to have an effect of fixing (adhering) the primary particles 20 of the adjacent lithium-containing transition metal oxide to each other, the positive electrode active material in the charge / discharge cycle However, even if it repeats expansion and contraction, cracks from the primary particle interface in the recess 23 are suppressed.
- the lithium difluorophosphate contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte selectively forms a high-quality film in the recess 23 where the rare earth compound is adhered.
- this high-quality film can reduce the contact between the recess 23 and the electrolyte, and further suppress the surface alteration that occurs at the primary particle interface in the recess 23.
- the rare earth compound adhering to the recess 23 is prevented from being deteriorated, and the effect that the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound fix (adhere) the primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide to each other is suppressed. To do.
- the rare earth compound used in this embodiment is preferably at least one compound selected from rare earth hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, oxides, carbonic acid compounds, phosphoric acid compounds and fluorine compounds. Among these, in particular, at least one compound selected from rare earth hydroxides and oxyhydroxides is preferable. When these rare earth compounds are used, for example, the effect of suppressing surface alteration that occurs at the primary particle interface is obtained. More effective.
- the rare earth element constituting the rare earth compound is at least one selected from scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
- neodymium, samarium, and erbium are particularly preferable.
- the neodymium, samarium, and erbium compounds exhibit a greater effect of suppressing surface alteration that occurs, for example, at the primary particle interface than other rare earth compounds.
- rare earth compounds include neodymium hydroxide, neodymium oxyhydroxide, samarium hydroxide, samarium oxyhydroxide, erbium hydroxide, erbium oxyhydroxide, and other hydroxides and oxyhydroxides, as well as neodymium phosphate.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the rare earth compound is preferably 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the secondary particles of the rare earth compound is preferably 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less, and more preferably 150 nm or more and 300 nm or less. If the average particle size exceeds 400 nm, the particle size of the secondary particles of the rare earth compound becomes too large, and the number of recesses of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide to which the secondary particles of the rare earth compound adhere may decrease. .
- the average particle size is less than 100 nm, the area where the secondary particles of the rare earth compound contact between the primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is reduced, so the primary particles of the adjacent lithium-containing transition metal oxide are adjacent to each other.
- the effect of fixing (adhering) is reduced, and the effect of suppressing cracks from the primary particle interface of the secondary particle surface may be reduced.
- the ratio (attachment amount) of the rare earth compound is preferably 0.005% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less, in terms of rare earth element, with respect to the total mass of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and 0.05% by mass or more and 0.0. More preferably, it is 3 mass% or less.
- the ratio is less than 0.005% by mass, the amount of the rare earth compound adhering to the recesses formed between the primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is reduced. It may not be possible.
- the ratio exceeds 0.5% by mass, not only the primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, but also the secondary particle surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is excessively covered. The characteristics may deteriorate.
- the average particle size of primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is preferably 100 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 300 nm or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is less than 100 nm, the primary particle interface including the inside of the secondary particles is too much, and the primary particles may be easily cracked due to expansion and contraction of the positive electrode active material in the charge / discharge cycle.
- the average particle diameter exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the amount of the primary particle interface including the inside of the secondary particles becomes too small, and the output at a low temperature may be reduced.
- the average particle size of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the secondary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide are formed by bonding (aggregation) of the primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, so the primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide are lithium-containing transition metal oxides. It is not larger than the secondary particles of the object.
- the average particle size was determined by observing the surface and cross section of the active material particles with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measuring the particle size of several tens of particles, for example. Moreover, the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the rare earth compound is a size along the surface of the active material, not in the thickness direction.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the proportion of nickel (Ni) in the oxide is preferably 80 mol% or more based on the total molar amount of metal elements excluding lithium (Li).
- the capacity of the positive electrode can be increased, and a proton exchange reaction at the primary particle interface described later easily occurs.
- Specific examples of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide include lithium-containing nickel manganese composite oxide, lithium-containing nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide, lithium-containing nickel cobalt composite oxide, lithium-containing nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide, and the like.
- the lithium-containing nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide As the lithium-containing nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide, the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt and aluminum is 8: 1: 1, 82: 15: 3, 85: 12: 3, 87: 10: 3, 88: 9: 3. 88: 10: 2, 89: 8: 3, 90: 7: 3, 91: 6: 3, 91: 7: 2, 92: 5: 3, 94: 3: 3, etc. Can do. In addition, these may be used independently and may be used in mixture.
- the ratio of trivalent Ni increases, so that proton exchange reaction between water and lithium in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide in water.
- LiOH produced by the proton exchange reaction appears in large quantities from the inside of the primary particle interface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide to the secondary particle surface.
- the alkali (OH ⁇ ) concentration between the primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide adjacent to the secondary particle surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is higher than that of the surroundings. For this reason, the primary particles of the rare earth compound are aggregated so as to be attracted to the alkali in the recesses formed between the primary particles, and are easily adhered while forming secondary particles.
- the ratio of trivalent Ni is small and the proton exchange reaction is less likely to occur.
- the alkali concentration is almost the same as the surroundings. For this reason, even if the primary particles of the precipitated rare earth compound are combined to form secondary particles, the primary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide that are likely to collide when adhered to the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. It becomes easy to adhere to the convex part.
- the proportion of cobalt (Co) in the oxide is 7 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of the metal elements excluding Li from the viewpoint of increasing the capacity. Preferably, it is 5 mol% or less.
- cobalt is too small, structural changes during charge / discharge are likely to occur, and cracks at the particle interface may be likely to occur, so that the effect of suppressing surface alteration is further exhibited.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may further contain other additive elements.
- additive elements include boron (B), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo ), Tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), tin (Sn), sodium (Na), potassium (K), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), bismuth (Bi) ), Germanium (Ge), and the like.
- Lithium-containing transition metal oxide is an alkaline component that adheres to the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide by washing the lithium-containing transition metal oxide with water or the like from the viewpoint of obtaining a battery having excellent high-temperature storage characteristics. Is preferably removed.
- Examples of the method of attaching the rare earth compound to the secondary particle surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide include a method of adding an aqueous solution in which the rare earth compound is dissolved in a suspension containing the lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- the suspension In attaching the rare earth compound to the secondary particle surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, while adding the aqueous solution in which the compound containing the rare earth element is dissolved to the suspension, the suspension has a pH of 11.5 or more, preferably It is desirable to adjust to a pH range of 12 or higher. This is because the rare earth compound particles tend to be unevenly distributed and adhered to the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide by treating under these conditions.
- the pH of the suspension is 6 or more and 10 or less, the rare earth compound particles tend to be uniformly attached to the entire surface of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the primary particle interface on the surface of the secondary particles. In some cases, cracking of the active material due to surface alteration that occurs in the case cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- pH becomes less than 6 at least one part of a lithium containing transition metal oxide may melt
- the pH of the suspension is adjusted to 14 or less, preferably 13 or less.
- the pH is higher than 14, not only the primary particles of the rare earth compound become too large, but excessive alkali remains inside the particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, so that gelation is likely to occur during slurry preparation, Excess gas may be generated during storage.
- aqueous solution in which a rare earth compound is dissolved When an aqueous solution in which a rare earth compound is dissolved is added to a suspension containing a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, if the aqueous solution is simply used, it precipitates as a rare earth hydroxide, while carbon dioxide is sufficiently dissolved. In the form of rare earth carbonate compounds.
- phosphate ions When phosphate ions are sufficiently added to the suspension, the rare earth compound can be deposited on the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide particles as a rare earth phosphate compound. Further, by controlling the dissolved ions of the suspension, for example, a rare earth compound in which hydroxide and fluoride are mixed can be obtained.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide particles on which the rare earth compound is deposited are preferably heat-treated.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower. If the temperature is lower than 80 ° C, it may take excessive time to sufficiently dry the positive electrode active material obtained by the heat treatment. If the temperature exceeds 500 ° C, a part of the rare earth compound adhering to the surface may be a lithium-containing transition. In some cases, the metal oxide particles diffuse into the particles, and the effect of suppressing surface alteration that occurs at the primary particle interface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may be reduced. On the other hand, when the heat treatment temperature is 400 ° C.
- rare earth elements hardly diffuse inside the particles of the lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide and adhere firmly to the primary particle interface.
- the effect of suppressing surface alteration that occurs at the primary particle interface and the adhesion effect between these primary particles are increased.
- rare earth hydroxide When rare earth hydroxide is adhered to the primary particle interface, most of the hydroxide changes to oxyhydroxide at about 200 ° C. to about 300 ° C., and further at about 450 ° C. to about 500 ° C. Usually changes to oxide. For this reason, when heat-treated at 400 ° C. or lower, rare earth hydroxides and oxyhydroxides having a large effect of suppressing surface alteration can be selectively disposed at the primary particle interface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. Therefore, the increase in DCR after the charge / discharge cycle can be further suppressed.
- the heat treatment of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide with the rare earth compound attached to the surface is preferably performed under vacuum.
- the water content of the suspension used to deposit the rare earth compound penetrates into the lithium-containing transition metal oxide particles, but at the primary particle interface on the secondary particle surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. If secondary particles of a rare earth compound adhere to the formed recess, it is difficult for moisture to escape from the inside during drying. Therefore, moisture may not be effectively removed unless heat treatment is performed under vacuum.
- the surface of the active material may be altered by a product generated by the reaction between the moisture and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- an aqueous solution in which acetate, nitrate, sulfate, oxide, chloride, or the like is dissolved in water or an organic solvent can be used. It is preferable to use one dissolved in water because of its high solubility.
- an aqueous solution in which a rare earth sulfate, chloride, or nitrate is obtained by dissolving it in an acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or acetic acid may be used.
- the rare earth compound when attached to the secondary particle surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide using a dry mixing method of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide and the rare earth compound, the particles of the rare earth compound contain lithium. Since it randomly adheres to the secondary particle surface of the transition metal oxide, it is difficult to selectively adhere to the primary particle interface of the secondary particle surface. Further, when the dry mixing method is used, it is difficult to firmly attach the rare earth compound to the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, so that the effect of fixing (adhering) the primary particles to each other cannot be sufficiently obtained. There is a case. Further, when a positive electrode mixture is produced by mixing with a conductive material or a binder, the rare earth compound may be easily dropped from the lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- the positive electrode active material is not limited to the case where the lithium-containing transition metal oxide particles of the present embodiment described above are used alone. It is also possible to mix the lithium-containing transition metal oxide of the present embodiment described above and another positive electrode active material.
- the other positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can reversibly insert and desorb lithium ions. For example, cobalt that can insert and desorb lithium ions while maintaining a stable crystal structure. Those having a layered structure such as lithium oxide and nickel cobalt lithium manganate, those having a spinel structure such as lithium manganese oxide and lithium nickel manganese oxide, and those having an olivine structure can be used. When only the same type of positive electrode active material is used or when different types of positive electrode active materials are used, the positive electrode active materials may be of the same particle size or of different particle sizes. Also good.
- a negative electrode is comprised with the negative electrode collector which consists of metal foil etc., for example, and the negative electrode compound-material layer formed on the said collector.
- the negative electrode current collector a metal foil that is stable in the potential range of a negative electrode such as copper, a film in which the metal is disposed on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer preferably includes a binder in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode is prepared by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. on a negative electrode current collector, drying the coating film, and rolling the negative electrode mixture layer on both sides of the current collector. It can be manufactured by forming.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly store and release lithium ions.
- carbon materials such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, lithium and alloys such as silicon (Si) and tin (Sn), etc. Or an alloy containing a metal element such as Si or Sn, a composite oxide, or the like can be used.
- a negative electrode active material may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- CMC CMC-Na, CMC-K, CMC-NH 4 or the like
- SBR rubber
- PAA polyacrylic acid
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the separator a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating properties is used. Specific examples of the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the material of the separator polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose and the like are suitable.
- the separator may be a laminate having a cellulose fiber layer and a thermoplastic resin fiber layer such as a polyolefin resin.
- the multilayer separator containing a polyethylene layer and a polypropylene layer may be sufficient, and what aramid resin etc. were apply
- a filler layer containing an inorganic filler may be formed at the interface between the separator and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the inorganic filler for example, an oxide containing at least one of titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and magnesium (Mg), a phosphoric acid compound, or its surface is treated with a hydroxide or the like. And the like.
- the filler layer can be formed, for example, by applying a slurry containing the filler to the surface of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or the separator.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent and a solute dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles, amides such as dimethylformamide, isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, and a mixed solvent of two or more of these can be used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a part of hydrogen in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- esters examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and methyl propyl carbonate.
- Chain carbonates such as ethyl propyl carbonate and methyl isopropyl carbonate
- cyclic carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate, etc.
- a chain carboxylic acid ester examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and methyl propyl carbonate.
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4 -Cyclic ethers such as dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineol, crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , Dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxy toluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, diphen
- nitriles examples include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, n-heptanitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adionitrile, pimelonitrile, 1,2,3-propanetricarbonitrile, 1,3. , 5-pentanetricarbonitrile and the like.
- a fluorinated cyclic carbonate such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), a fluorinated chain carbonate, a fluorinated chain carboxylate such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP), or the like.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylate
- the nonaqueous electrolyte contains lithium difluorophosphate as a solute dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent.
- Lithium difluorophosphate forms a high-quality film in the recesses of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and further suppresses the surface alteration in the recesses and suppresses the alteration of the rare earth compound adhering to the recesses.
- the concentration of lithium difluorophosphate contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.01 M or more and 0.25 M or less, and more preferably 0.05 M or more and 0.20 M or less. When the concentration is less than 0.01M, the amount of the coating derived from lithium difluorophosphate decreases, and thus the above effect may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the concentration is 0.25 M or more, the thickness of the coating becomes too large, so that the battery resistance becomes high and the result output may be lowered.
- a solute in addition to lithium difluorophosphate, a conventionally used solute can be used.
- the fluorine-containing lithium salts LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ), LiC (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 , LiAsF 6 and the like can be used.
- lithium salt other than fluorine-containing lithium salt [lithium salt containing one or more elements among P, B, O, S, N, Cl (for example, LiClO 4 etc.)] is added to fluorine-containing lithium salt. May be used.
- lithium salts having the oxalato complex as an anion examples include LiBOB [lithium-bisoxalate borate], Li [B (C 2 O 4 ) F 2 ], Li [P (C 2 O 4 ) F 4 ], Li [P (C 2 O 4 ) 2 F 2 ] can be mentioned.
- LiBOB lithium-bisoxalate borate
- Li [B (C 2 O 4 ) F 2 ] Li [P (C 2 O 4 ) F 4 ]
- Li [P (C 2 O 4 ) 2 F 2 ] can be mentioned.
- the said solute may be used independently and may be used in mixture of 2 or more types.
- an overcharge inhibitor can be added to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- cyclohexylbenzene CHB
- alkylbiphenyl such as biphenyl and 2-methylbiphenyl
- terphenyl partially hydrogenated terphenyl
- naphthalene toluene
- anisole cyclopentylbenzene
- t-butylbenzene benzene derivatives such as t-amylbenzene, phenylpropionate
- Phenyl ether derivatives such as acetic acid-3-phenylpropyl, halides thereof
- halogenated benzenes such as fluorobenzene and chlorobenzene
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil, the coating film is dried, and then rolled with a rolling roller, and an aluminum current collecting tab is attached to the current collector.
- a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode mixture layer formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector was produced.
- the packing density of the positive electrode active material in this positive electrode was 3.60 g / cm 3 .
- Lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6
- EC ethylene carbonate
- MEC methyl ethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- VC vinylene carbonate
- LiPF 6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode thus obtained were wound in a spiral shape with a separator disposed between the two electrodes, and then the winding core was pulled out to produce a spiral electrode body. Next, the spiral electrode body was crushed to obtain a flat electrode body. Thereafter, the flat electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte were inserted into an aluminum laminate outer package to produce a battery A1.
- the size of the battery was 3.6 mm thick ⁇ 35 mm wide ⁇ 62 mm long.
- the discharge capacity when the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was charged to 4.20 V and discharged to 3.0 V was 950 mAh.
- Example 2 A battery A2 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the lithium difluorophosphate was not dissolved during the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- Example 3 In the production of the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the pH of the suspension was kept constant at 9 while the erbium sulfate aqueous solution was added to the suspension. And the battery A3 was produced using the said positive electrode active material. In order to adjust the pH of the suspension to 9, a 10% by mass aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was appropriately added.
- the primary particles of erbium hydroxide having an average particle diameter of 10 nm to 50 nm were not converted into secondary particles, but the entire surface of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. It was confirmed that they were evenly dispersed (attached to both the convex part and the concave part).
- the adhesion amount of the erbium compound was measured by the inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP) emission analysis method, it was 0.15 mass% with respect to lithium nickel cobalt aluminum complex oxide in terms of erbium element.
- Example 4 A battery A4 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 3 except that the lithium difluorophosphate was not dissolved at the time of preparing the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that no erbium sulfate aqueous solution was added and no erbium hydroxide was allowed to adhere to the secondary particle surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. And a battery A5 was produced using the positive electrode active material.
- Example 6 A battery A6 was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 5 except that the lithium difluorophosphate was not dissolved during the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode active material of the battery A ⁇ b> 1 is attached to both of the primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide in which the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound are adjacent in the recesses 23.
- the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound also have an effect of fixing (adhering) the primary particles 20 of the adjacent lithium-containing transition metal oxide, cracks are formed in the recesses 23 from the primary particle interface. It is thought that it was possible to suppress the occurrence.
- the battery A1 since the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound adhering to both of the primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide adjacent to each other in the recess 23 exist, the lithium difluorophosphate contained in the electrolyte Is attracted, and a film derived from lithium difluorophosphate is easily formed in the vicinity of the recess 23. By forming this film, contact with the electrolyte can be further suppressed, and further, the alteration of the deposited rare earth compound can be suppressed, so that the surface alteration of the secondary particle interface and the primary particle interface It is thought that the cracking from the steel was suppressed.
- the surface alteration and cracking of the positive electrode active material are suppressed by the coating film derived from the rare earth compound and lithium difluorophosphate. Furthermore, the coating derived from lithium diflurophosphate suppresses the alteration of the rare earth compound. Therefore, it is considered that the DCR increase rate after the charge / discharge cycle was the smallest.
- the batteries A3 and A5 are considered below.
- the positive electrode active material used in the battery A3 is uniform over the entire surface of the secondary particles 21 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide without the primary particles 24 of the rare earth compound forming secondary particles.
- Adhering to As shown in FIG. 5, the positive electrode active material used in the battery A5 has no rare earth attached to the surface of the secondary particles 21 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- the surface alteration in the recesses 23 cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and cracking from the primary particle interface is likely to occur.
- battery A5 since no rare earth compound is present, lithium difluorophosphate is less likely to be attracted to the surface of the positive electrode active material than in the case of battery A1 or battery A3, and therefore difluorophosphate formed in the recesses on the surface of the positive electrode active material. The lithium-derived coating is further reduced.
- the DCR increase rate after the cycle is higher than that of the battery A1.
- batteries A2, A4 and A6 In the battery A2, the battery A4, and the battery A6, electrolytes that do not contain lithium difluorophosphate are used in the batteries indicated by the battery 1, the battery 3, and the battery 5, respectively.
- the secondary particles 25 of the rare earth compound are attached to both of the primary particles 20 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide adjacent to each other in the recess 23.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte does not contain lithium difluorophosphate, a coating derived from lithium difluorophosphate is not formed in the vicinity of the recess 23.
- the coating is not formed, the alteration of the secondary particles of the rare earth compound cannot be suppressed, so that the fixing force is reduced during the cycle, and the cracks from the primary particle interface cannot be sufficiently suppressed. As a result, it is considered that the positive electrode resistance increased and the rate of increase in DCR after the cycle was higher than that of battery A1.
- the secondary particles of the rare earth compound are not attached to the recesses 23 on the surface of the secondary particles 21 of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, the surface alteration and primary of the adjacent primary particles 20 Cracks from the particle interface cannot be suppressed.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte since the nonaqueous electrolyte does not contain lithium difluorophosphate, a coating derived from lithium difluorophosphate is not formed in the vicinity of the recess 23. For this reason, in the battery A4 and the battery A6, it is considered that the positive electrode resistance is higher than that of the battery A2, and the DCR increase rate after the cycle is higher than that of the battery A2.
- Example 7 In the production of the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode active material was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that a samarium sulfate solution was used instead of the erbium sulfate aqueous solution, and a battery A7 was produced using the positive electrode active material. did.
- the adhesion amount of the samarium compound was measured by inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP) emission spectrometry, it was 0.13 mass% with respect to the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide in terms of samarium element.
- Example 8 In the production of the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode active material was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that a neodymium sulfate solution was used instead of the erbium sulfate aqueous solution, and a battery A8 was produced using the positive electrode active material. did.
- the adhesion amount of the neodymium compound was measured by inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP) emission spectrometry, it was 0.13 mass% with respect to lithium nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide in terms of neodymium element.
- the DCR increase rate is suppressed. Therefore, it is considered that the DCR increase rate is similarly suppressed when a rare earth element other than erbium, samarium, and neodymium is used.
Abstract
Description
正極は、例えば金属箔等の正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層とで構成される。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、正極活物質の他に、導電材及び結着材を含むことが好適である。正極は、例えば正極集電体上に正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材等を含む正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して正極合材層を集電体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
負極は、例えば金属箔等からなる負極集電体と、当該集電体上に形成された負極合材層とで構成される。負極集電体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層は、負極活物質の他に、結着材を含むことが好適である。負極は、例えば負極集電体上に負極活物質、結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して負極合材層を集電体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータには、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、セルロース繊維層及びポリオレフィン樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂繊維層を有する積層体であってもよい。また、ポリエチレン層及びポリプロピレン層を含む多層セパレータであってもよく、セパレータの表面にアラミド樹脂等が塗布されたものを用いてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した溶質とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、ニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等のイソシアネート類及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。
(実験例1)
[正極活物質の作製]
LiOHと、共沈により得られたNi0.91Co0.06Al0.03(OH)2で表されるニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合水酸化物を500℃で熱処理して得られた酸化物とを、Liと遷移金属全体とのモル比が1.05:1になるように、石川式らいかい乳鉢にて混合した。次に、この混合物を酸素雰囲気中にて760℃で20時間熱処理後に粉砕することにより、平均二次粒径が約15μmのLi1.05Ni0.91Co0.06Al0.03O2で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物(リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物)の粒子を得た。
上記正極活物質粒子に、カーボンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを溶解させたN-メチル-2-ピロリドン溶液とを、正極活物質粒子と導電材と結着材との質量比が100:1:1となるように秤量し、T.K.ハイビスミックス(プライミクス社製)を用いてこれらを混練して正極合材スラリーを調製した。
負極活物質である人造黒鉛と、CMC(カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム)と、SBR(スチレン-ブタジエンゴム)とを、100:1:1の質量比で水溶液中において混合し、負極合材スラリーを調製した。次に、この負極合材スラリーを銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面に均一に塗布した後、塗膜を乾燥させ、圧延ローラーにより圧延し、集電体にニッケル製の集電タブを取り付けた。これにより、負極集電体の両面に負極合材層が形成された負極極板を作製した。なお、この負極における負極活物質の充填密度は1.75g/cm3であった。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、2:2:6の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に対して、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.3モル/リットルの濃度となるように、溶解させた後、当該混合溶媒に対してビニレンカーボネート(VC)を2.0質量%の濃度で溶解させた。さらにこの混合溶媒に対してジフルオロリン酸リチウムを0.07モル/リットルの濃度になるようにそれぞれ溶解させ、非水電解液を調製した。
このようにして得た正極および負極を、これら両極間にセパレータを配置して渦巻き状に巻回した後、巻き芯を引き抜いて渦巻状の電極体を作製した。次に、この渦巻状の電極体を押し潰して、扁平型の電極体を得た。この後、この偏平型の電極体と上記非水電解液とを、アルミニウムラミネート製の外装体内に挿入し、電池A1を作製した。なお、当該電池のサイズは、厚み3.6mm×幅35mm×長さ62mmであった。また、当該非水電解質二次電池を4.20Vまで充電し、3.0Vまで放電したときの放電容量は950mAhであった。
非水電解液の調整時にジフルオロリン酸リチウムを溶解させなかったこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして電池A2を作製した。
正極活物質の作製において、懸濁液に硫酸エルビウム塩水溶液を加えている間の懸濁液のpHを9で一定に保持したこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして正極活物質を作製し、当該正極活物質を用いて電池A3を作製した。なお、上記懸濁液のpHを9に調整するために、適宜10質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えた。
非水電解液の調整時にジフルオロリン酸リチウムを溶解させなかったこと以外は、上記実験例3と同様にして電池A4を作製した。
正極活物質の作製において、硫酸エルビウム塩水溶液を加えず、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物の二次粒子表面に水酸化エルビウムを付着させなかったこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして正極活物質を作製し、当該正極活物質を用いて電池A5を作製した。
非水電解液の調整時にジフルオロリン酸リチウムを溶解させなかったこと以外は、上記実験例5と同様にして電池A6を作製した。
上述のようにして作製した電池A1~A6の各電池について、下記条件で充放電サイクル前及び100サイクル後のDCRの測定を行った。
SOC100%まで475mAの電流で充電した後、SOCが100%に到達した電池電圧で電流値が30mAとなるまで定電圧充電を行った。充電終了後120分間休止した時点の開放電圧(OCV:Open Circuit Voltage)を測定し、475mAで0.5秒間放電を行い、放電0.5秒後の電圧を測定した。下記式(1)によりサイクル前のDCR(SOC100%)を測定した。
DCR(Ω)
=(120分休止後のOCV(V) - 放電0.5秒後の電圧(V))/(電流値(A))・・・(1)
・充電条件
475mAの電流で電池電圧が4.2V(正極電位はリチウム基準で4.3V)となるまで定電流充電を行い、電池電圧が4.2Vに達した後は、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が30mAとなるまで定電圧充電を行った。
・放電条件
950mAの定電流で電池電圧が3.0Vとなるまで定電流放電を行った。
・休止条件
上記充電と放電の間の休止間隔は10分間とした。
上述した、サイクル前のDCRの測定と同様の方法で、100サイクル後のDCR値測定を行った。なお、充放電サイクル試験とサイクル後のDCR測定の間の休止時間は10分間とした。DCR測定、充放電サイクル試験ともに25℃の恒温槽内で行った。
下記式(2)により100サイクル後のDCR上昇率を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
DCR上昇率(SOC100%)
=(100サイクル後のDCR(SOC100%)/(サイクル前のDCR(SOC100%)×100 ・・・(2)
上記実験例においては、希土類元素としてエルビウムを用いたが、第2実験例では、希土類元素として、サマリウム、ネオジムを用いた場合について検討した。
正極活物質の作製において、硫酸エルビウム塩水溶液の代わりに、硫酸サマリウム溶液を用いた以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして正極活物質を作製し、当該正極活物質を用いて電池A7を作製した。サマリウム化合物の付着量を誘導結合プラズマイオン化(ICP)発光分析法により測定したところ、サマリウム元素換算で、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物に対して0.13質量%であった。
正極活物質の作製において、硫酸エルビウム塩水溶液の代わりに、硫酸ネオジム溶液を用いた以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして正極活物質を作製し、当該正極活物質を用いて電池A8を作製した。ネオジム化合物の付着量を誘導結合プラズマイオン化(ICP)発光分析法により測定したところ、ネオジム元素換算で、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物に対して0.13質量%であった。
Claims (6)
- 正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備えた非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極の正極活物質は、
リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物の一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子と、
希土類化合物の一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子と、
を含み、
前記希土類化合物の二次粒子は、前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物の二次粒子の表面において、隣接する前記一次粒子間に形成された凹部に付着し、且つ当該凹部において隣接し合う前記一次粒子の両方に付着しており、
前記非水電解質は、ジフルオロリン酸リチウムを含む、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記希土類化合物を構成する希土類元素が、ネオジム、サマリウム及びエルビウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記希土類化合物が、水酸化物及びオキシ水酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物に占めるニッケルの割合が、リチウムを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して80モル%以上である、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質に含まれる前記ジフルオロリン酸リチウムの濃度は、0.01M以上0.25M以下である、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物中に占めるコバルトの割合が、リチウムを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して7モル%以下である、請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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JP2019075261A (ja) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-05-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | リチウム二次電池 |
CN110024198A (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-07-16 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
JP7445873B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 | 2024-03-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池および非水電解液 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN107004897B (zh) | 2020-02-07 |
CN107004897A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
JP6633049B2 (ja) | 2020-01-22 |
US20170331158A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
JPWO2016136179A1 (ja) | 2017-12-07 |
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