WO2016119644A1 - 一种磷化锂粉体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种磷化锂粉体的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2016119644A1
WO2016119644A1 PCT/CN2016/071943 CN2016071943W WO2016119644A1 WO 2016119644 A1 WO2016119644 A1 WO 2016119644A1 CN 2016071943 W CN2016071943 W CN 2016071943W WO 2016119644 A1 WO2016119644 A1 WO 2016119644A1
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powder
ball
inert atmosphere
lithium
under
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PCT/CN2016/071943
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English (en)
French (fr)
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夏阳
方如意
梁初
张文魁
黄辉
陶新永
甘永平
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浙江工业大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/08—Other phosphides

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  • the present invention relates to a method of preparing a lithium phosphide powder.
  • Lithium phosphide is a reddish-brown inorganic compound with a chemical formula of Li 3 P. It belongs to the hexagonal system and has a Na 3 As structure with a density of 1.43 g cm -3 (298 K). It is easily deliquescent in air and reacts with water. PH 3 .
  • the most common preparation method is to use vacuum or protective atmosphere (usually H 2 , CO as carrier gas), and metal lithium powder and red phosphorus powder or phosphorus vapor under high temperature heating conditions. Direct combination generation. Such a method requires high-temperature heat treatment, has high energy consumption, and has shortcomings such as low purity and poor batch property, and it is difficult to achieve industrial production.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new method for preparing lithium phosphide powder which is efficient, low-cost, environmentally friendly and easy to industrially produce.
  • the preparation method of the lithium phosphide powder according to the present invention is mainly realized by a high energy ball milling method, which comprises the following steps:
  • the dried phosphor powder and the lithium hydride powder are mixed in a molar ratio of 1: (2 to 4)), and added to a sealed ball mill tank at 0 to 60 ° C and a rotation speed of 100 to 500 r. Ball milling for 2 to 48 hours under /min conditions;
  • the phosphor powder may be white phosphorus, red phosphorus, black phosphorus, or a mixture of any two or more of the above, and the purity is not less than 90%; and the purity of the lithium hydride powder is not less than 90%.
  • the phosphor powder is dried in a vacuum oven, the drying temperature is 60-80 ° C, and the drying time is 1-24 h.
  • the ratio of the total mass of the phosphor powder and the lithium hydride powder to the total mass of the grinding balls is 1: (10 to 100).
  • the ball milling rotation speed is preferably 300 to 500 r/min
  • the ball milling temperature is preferably 20 to 60 ° C
  • the ball milling time is preferably 8 to 32 hours.
  • the inert atmosphere is a gas which cannot react with phosphor powder or lithium hydride powder, such as argon gas, nitrogen gas, nitrogen/argon gas mixture gas or the like.
  • the preparation method specifically recommended by the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
  • drying the phosphor powder is 60-80 ° C, and the drying time is 1-24 h;
  • the dried phosphor powder and the lithium hydride powder are mixed in a molar ratio of 1: (2 to 4)), and added to a sealed ball mill tank, the total of the phosphor powder and the lithium hydride powder.
  • the ratio of the mass to the total mass of the grinding ball is 1: (10 ⁇ 100), ball milling 8 ⁇ 32h at 20 ⁇ 60 ° C, the speed is 300 ⁇ 500r / min;
  • the inert atmosphere is a gas that does not react with phosphor powder or lithium hydride powder.
  • the invention adopts the mechanical ball milling method to prepare, does not need high temperature heat treatment, has good product batch and high purity; in addition, the method has the advantages of low cost and easy industrialization.
  • Figure 1 is an XRD pattern of the lithium phosphide powder obtained in the present invention.
  • the purity of the phosphor powder and lithium hydride powder suitable for the present invention are all chemically pure (>90%).
  • the red phosphor powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 6 h. Under the protection of an argon atmosphere, 0.31 g of red phosphorus powder and 0.24 g of lithium hydride powder were uniformly mixed and added to a ball mill tank. The ball is then placed in a ball mill jar and sealed. The total mass of the grinding ball and the total mass ratio of the material are 40:1. The ball mill was continuously ball milled at a speed of 500 r/min for 32 h at 25 ° C, and the obtained powder was a lithium phosphide powder.
  • Figure 1 is a corresponding XRD diffraction pattern. According to the standard card, the obtained product is pure phase lithium phosphide, and no other impurities are present.
  • the red phosphor powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ° C for 10 h. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 4.6 g of red phosphorus powder and 2.6 g of lithium hydride powder were uniformly mixed and added to a ball mill tank. The ball is then placed in a ball mill jar and sealed. The total mass of the grinding ball and the total mass ratio of the material are 80:1. The ball mill was continuously ball milled at a speed of 450 r/min for 24 h at 48 ° C, and the obtained powder was a lithium phosphide powder.
  • the white phosphor powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 75 ° C for 12 h. Under the protection of an argon atmosphere, 3.1 g of white phosphorus powder and 2.8 g of lithium hydride powder were uniformly mixed and added to a ball mill tank. The ball is then placed in a ball mill jar and sealed. The total mass of the grinding ball and the total mass ratio of the material are 60:1. The ball mill was continuously ball milled at a speed of 500 r/min for 32 h at 60 ° C, and the obtained powder was a lithium phosphide powder.
  • the red phosphor powder was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C for 24 h. Under the protection of a nitrogen/argon mixed atmosphere, 7.4 g of red phosphorus powder and 5.6 g of lithium hydride powder were uniformly mixed and added to a ball mill tank. Then put the ball into the ball Sealed after grinding the can. The total mass of the grinding ball and the total mass ratio of the material are 75:1. The ball mill was continuously ball milled at a speed of 360 r/min for 8 h at 50 ° C, and the obtained powder was a lithium phosphide powder.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种磷化锂粉体的制备方法，包括：(1)将磷粉烘干；(2)在惰性气氛保护下，将干燥后的磷粉与氢化锂粉按摩尔比1:(2～4)混合，加入到密封的球磨罐中，在0～60℃、转速为100～500r/min条件下球磨2～48h；(3)球磨反应结束后，在惰性气氛下，将粉体从球磨罐中取出，即得到磷化锂粉体。该方法简单、成本低、适于工业化生产。

Description

一种磷化锂粉体的制备方法 (一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备磷化锂粉体的方法。
(二)背景技术
磷化锂是一种红褐色无机化合物，其化学式为Li3P，属于六方晶系，Na3As结构，密度为1.43g cm-3(298K)，在空气中极易潮解，与水反应生成PH3。目前，有关磷化锂的制备方法较少，最常见的制备方法是采用真空或保护气氛(常用H2，CO作载气)，将金属锂粉和红磷粉或磷蒸气在高温加热条件下直接化合生成。此类方法需要高温热处理，能耗大，且产物存在纯度低，批次性差等缺点，难以实现工业化生产。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是为了提供一种高效、低成本、环境友好、易于工业化生产的制备磷化锂粉体的新方法。
下面对本发明所采用的技术方案做具体说明。
本发明所述的磷化锂粉体的制备方法主要采用高能球磨法实现，其包括以下步骤：
(1)将磷粉烘干；
(2)在惰性气氛保护下，将干燥后的磷粉与氢化锂粉按摩尔比1:(2～4)混合，加入到密封的球磨罐中，在0～60℃、转速为100～500r/min条件下球磨2～48h；
(3)球磨反应结束后，在惰性气氛下，将粉体从球磨罐中取出，即得到磷化锂粉体。
本发明中，所述的磷粉可以是白磷、红磷、黑磷，或上述任意两种以上的混合物，纯度不低于90％；所述的氢化锂粉的纯度不低于90％。
所述步骤(1)中，所述的磷粉需经过真空烘箱干燥，干燥温度为60～80℃，干燥时间为1～24h。
所述步骤(2)中，所述的磷粉和氢化锂粉的总质量与磨球的总质量之比为1:(10～100)。
所述步骤(2)中，球磨转速优选为300～500r/min，球磨温度优选20～60℃，球磨时间优选为8～32小时。
所述步骤(2)和(3)中，所述的惰性气氛为不能与磷粉、氢化锂粉反应的气体，如氩气、氮气、氮气/氩气混合气体等。
本发明具体推荐所述的制备方法按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将磷粉烘干，干燥温度为60～80℃，干燥时间为1～24h；
(2)在惰性气氛保护下，将干燥后的磷粉与氢化锂粉按摩尔比1:(2～4)混合，加入到密封的球磨罐中，所述的磷粉和氢化锂粉的总质量与磨球的总质量之比为1:(10～100)，在20～60℃、转速为300～500r/min条件下球磨8～32h；
(3)球磨反应结束后，在惰性气氛下，将粉体从球磨罐中取出，即得到磷化锂粉体；
所述的惰性气氛为不会与磷粉、氢化锂粉反应的气体。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明采用机械球磨法制备，无需高温热处理，产物批次好，纯度高；此外，该方法兼具有成本低廉和易于产业化的优势。
(四)附图说明
图1是本发明所得磷化锂粉体的XRD图谱。
(五)具体实施方法
下面以具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围不限于此。
本发明适于的磷粉和氢化锂粉的纯度均为化学纯(>90％)。
实施例1
将红磷粉在80℃真空烘箱中干燥6h。在氩气气氛保护下，将0.31g红磷粉与0.24g氢化锂粉体均匀混合后加入到球磨罐中。然后将磨球放入球磨罐后密封。其中磨球总质量与物料总质量比为40:1。在25℃条件下，使球磨罐于500r/min的转速连续球磨反应32h，所得粉体即为磷化锂粉体。图1为其对应的XRD衍射图，对照标准卡片可知，所得产物为纯相磷化锂，无其他杂质存在。
实施例2
将红磷粉在60℃真空烘箱中干燥10h。在氮气气氛保护下，将4.6g红磷粉与2.6g氢化锂粉体均匀混合后加入到球磨罐中。然后将磨球放入球磨罐后密封。其中磨球总质量与物料总质量比为80:1。在48℃条件下，使球磨罐于450r/min的转速连续球磨反应24h，所得粉体即为磷化锂粉体。
实施例3
将白磷粉在75℃真空烘箱中干燥12h。在氩气气氛保护下，将3.1g白磷粉与2.8g氢化锂粉体均匀混合后加入到球磨罐中。然后将磨球放入球磨罐后密封。其中磨球总质量与物料总质量比为60:1。在60℃条件下，使球磨罐于500r/min的转速连续球磨反应32h，所得粉体即为磷化锂粉体。
实施例4
将红磷粉在80℃真空烘箱中干燥24h。在氮气/氩气混合气氛保护下，将7.4g红磷粉与5.6g氢化锂粉体均匀混合后加入到球磨罐中。然后将磨球放入球 磨罐后密封。其中磨球总质量与物料总质量比为75:1。在50℃条件下，使球磨罐于360r/min的转速连续球磨反应8h，所得粉体即为磷化锂粉体。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种磷化锂粉体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
    (1)将磷粉烘干；
    (2)在惰性气氛保护下，将干燥后的磷粉与氢化锂粉按摩尔比1:(2～4)混合，加入到密封的球磨罐中，在0～60℃、转速为100～500r/min条件下球磨2～48h；
    (3)球磨反应结束后，在惰性气氛下，将粉体从球磨罐中取出，即得到磷化锂粉体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于所述的磷粉是白磷、红磷、黑磷中的其中一种或两种以上的混合物，纯度不低于90％；所述的氢化锂粉纯度不低于90％。
  3. 如权利要求1或所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，干燥温度为60～80℃，干燥时间为1～24h。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中，磷粉和氢化锂粉的总质量与磨球的总质量之比为1:(10～100)。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中，球磨转速为300～500r/min，球磨温度为20～60℃，球磨时间为8～32小时。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的惰性气氛为不会与磷粉、氢化锂粉反应的气体。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的惰性气氛为氩气、氮气或氮气/氩气混合气体。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的制备方法按照如下步骤进行：
    (1)将磷粉烘干，干燥温度为60～80℃，干燥时间为1～24h；
    (2)在惰性气氛保护下，将干燥后的磷粉与氢化锂粉按摩尔比1:(2～4)混合，加入到密封的球磨罐中，所述的磷粉和氢化锂粉的总质量与磨球的总质量之比为1:(10～100)，在20～60℃、转速为300～500r/min条件下球磨8～32h；
    (3)球磨反应结束后，在惰性气氛下，将粉体从球磨罐中取出，即得到磷化锂粉体；
    所述的惰性气氛为不会与磷粉、氢化锂粉反应的气体。
PCT/CN2016/071943 2015-01-30 2016-01-25 一种磷化锂粉体的制备方法 WO2016119644A1 (zh)

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CN104627972B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2017-09-26 浙江工业大学 一种磷化锂粉体的制备方法
CN105414554A (zh) * 2015-11-06 2016-03-23 浙江工业大学 一种铁-硫化亚铁复合体的制备方法
CN110071265A (zh) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-30 浙江工业大学 一种硅碳负极预锂化方法
CN110562940B (zh) * 2019-08-26 2023-02-24 浙江工业大学 一种利用机械球磨法合成磷化汞的方法
CN113097477B (zh) * 2020-01-09 2022-09-27 荣盛盟固利新能源科技有限公司 一种补锂材料Li3P的制备方法
CN111039269A (zh) * 2020-01-17 2020-04-21 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 磷化锂粉体的制备方法、磷化锂粉体及应用

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