WO2016079964A1 - 二次電池の管理装置および二次電池の管理方法 - Google Patents
二次電池の管理装置および二次電池の管理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016079964A1 WO2016079964A1 PCT/JP2015/005673 JP2015005673W WO2016079964A1 WO 2016079964 A1 WO2016079964 A1 WO 2016079964A1 JP 2015005673 W JP2015005673 W JP 2015005673W WO 2016079964 A1 WO2016079964 A1 WO 2016079964A1
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- secondary battery
- soc
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
- G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the technology disclosed in this specification relates to a secondary battery management device and a secondary battery management method.
- a secondary battery management device includes a secondary battery including an electrode including an active material having a characteristic that a potential flat portion exists in a relationship between a capacity and a potential A management device that acquires an SOC related value related to the SOC of the secondary battery, and the SOC corresponding to the acquired SOC related value is equal to or lower than a predetermined specified SOC; or
- the temporary value of the secondary battery A management unit that detects the occurrence of deterioration is provided.
- a secondary battery management device or method a secondary battery control device or method, and those devices and secondary devices.
- Power storage devices including batteries, computer programs and integrated circuits for realizing the functions of these devices or methods, non-temporary recording media such as CD-ROMs recording the computer programs, and transmission media such as the Internet It can be realized in the form.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the battery pack.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the battery module.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the characteristics of the active material used for the electrode of each cell.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the characteristics of the active material used for the electrodes of each cell.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an overview of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a mechanism of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the mechanism of deep discharge transient degradation.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the battery pack.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the battery module.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the characteristics of the active material used for the electrode of each cell.
- FIG. 4 is an
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the depth of discharge and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the temperature during discharge and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the rest time after discharge and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the degree of aging deterioration and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a method of determining the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery management process.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery management process.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the discharge voltage and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the flow of a secondary battery management process.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the discharge voltage and the degree of other deterioration.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the OCV and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration (SOC-OCV characteristics during constant voltage charging of the secondary battery).
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery management process.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the charging voltage and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the charging voltage and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery management process.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing the flow of the control process of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 23A is an explanatory diagram showing SOC-charge current characteristics during constant voltage charging of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 23B is an explanatory diagram showing SOC-charge current characteristics during constant voltage charging of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 24A is an explanatory diagram showing SOC-chargeable power characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 24B is an explanatory diagram showing SOC-dischargeable power characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing the equalization process of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 26A is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 26B is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 26C is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 27A is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 27B is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 27C is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 28A is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 28B is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 28C is a conceptual diagram showing the electric capacity of each cell.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery suppression process.
- FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram showing ⁇ SOC-charge rate characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram showing ⁇ SOC-charge rate characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 30 is
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing the flow of the recovery process of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram showing SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing a secondary battery recovery process.
- FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram showing a correspondence relationship between the deterioration degree of the secondary battery and the maximum SOC.
- FIG. 36 is a first table showing a correspondence relationship between the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery and the maximum SOC.
- FIG. 37 is a second table showing the correspondence between the retention time of the secondary battery and the amount of decrease in the deterioration level.
- FIG. 38 is a flowchart showing the flow of the capacity estimation process for the secondary battery.
- a secondary battery management device disclosed in this specification is a secondary battery management device including an electrode having an active material having a characteristic that a potential flat portion exists in the relationship between capacity and potential.
- the inventor of the present application discharges a secondary battery including an electrode having an active material having a characteristic in which a potential flat portion exists in the relationship between the capacity (remaining capacity) and the potential until the SOC is relatively low. It was newly found that temporary deterioration occurs. Further, the inventor of the present application has newly found that the state value relating to the voltage of the secondary battery, such as the voltage value of the secondary battery, changes according to the degree of temporary deterioration.
- the secondary battery management apparatus when the SOC-related value related to the SOC of the secondary battery is acquired and the SOC corresponding to the acquired SOC-related value is equal to or lower than a predetermined specified SOC, or When the state value related to the voltage of the secondary battery is acquired, and the magnitude relation between the acquired state value related to the voltage of the secondary battery and the threshold satisfies a predetermined condition, occurrence of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is detected. Therefore, the performance of the secondary battery can be accurately grasped.
- the management unit acquires the SOC-related value corresponding to the SOC equal to or lower than the specified SOC, and then the secondary battery is temporarily stored.
- the secondary battery temporarily deteriorates even if the SOC related value corresponding to the SOC larger than the prescribed SOC is acquired while the predetermined state in which the general deterioration is eliminated has passed. It is good also as a structure which determines with having.
- the secondary battery management apparatus after the SOC related value corresponding to the SOC equal to or lower than the specified SOC is acquired, the secondary battery is not in a predetermined state in which the temporary deterioration is eliminated. Since it is determined that the secondary battery is temporarily deteriorated, the performance of the secondary battery can be accurately grasped.
- the management unit decreases the degree of temporary deterioration as the SOC corresponding to the acquired SOC-related value decreases. It is good also as a structure which determines with being large.
- the inventor of the present application newly found that the lower the SOC, the greater the degree of temporary deterioration. According to the secondary battery management device, the lower the SOC corresponding to the acquired SOC-related value, the greater the degree of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery, so the performance of the secondary battery is further increased. It can be accurately grasped.
- the management unit discharges the secondary battery until the SOC becomes equal to or lower than the specified SOC. It is good also as a structure which determines with the degree of the temporary deterioration being so large that temperature at the time is low. The inventor of the present application newly found that the degree of temporary deterioration increases as the temperature at which discharge is performed until the SOC becomes equal to or lower than the specified SOC. According to the secondary battery management apparatus, it is determined that the degree of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is larger as the temperature at which the SOC is discharged until the SOC becomes equal to or lower than the specified SOC. The performance of can be grasped more accurately.
- the management unit is configured to discharge the secondary battery until the SOC becomes equal to or lower than the specified SOC. It is good also as a structure which determines with the extent of the said temporary deterioration being so large that the next rest time is long.
- the inventor of the present application newly found that the degree of temporary deterioration increases as the pause time after discharging until the SOC becomes equal to or less than the specified SOC. According to this secondary battery management apparatus, the longer the pause time after discharging until the SOC becomes equal to or lower than the specified SOC, the greater the degree of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery. Battery performance can be grasped more accurately.
- the management unit may further reduce the temporary deterioration as the degree of aging of the secondary battery decreases. It is good also as a structure which determines with the grade of being large.
- the inventor of the present application has newly found that the degree of temporary deterioration increases as the degree of aging of the secondary battery decreases. According to this secondary battery management device, it is determined that the smaller the degree of aging of the secondary battery is, the larger the degree of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is. Therefore, the performance of the secondary battery is more accurately determined. I can grasp it.
- the SOC-related values include the SOC, the voltage of the secondary battery, and the voltage of the secondary battery. It is good also as a structure which is at least 1 with the amount of voltage drops per unit time. According to the secondary battery management apparatus, it is possible to detect the temporary deterioration of the secondary battery with reference to the SOC-related values.
- the state value related to the voltage of the secondary battery is equal to the voltage value of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is discharged at a constant current.
- the discharge voltage-related value is related
- the threshold value is a first voltage threshold value
- the management unit is when the voltage value corresponding to the acquired discharge voltage-related value is greater than or equal to the first voltage threshold value.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected. The inventor of the present application newly found that the voltage value of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is discharged at a constant current increases as the degree of temporary deterioration increases.
- the secondary battery management device when the voltage value corresponding to the acquired discharge voltage related value is equal to or higher than a predetermined first voltage threshold, occurrence of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is detected. Therefore, the performance of the secondary battery can be accurately grasped without detecting whether or not the SOC of the secondary battery has become equal to or lower than the specified SOC.
- the management unit determines that the degree of temporary deterioration is larger as the voltage value corresponding to the discharge voltage-related value is larger. It is good also as a structure. According to the secondary battery management device, the larger the voltage value corresponding to the acquired discharge voltage related value is, the greater the degree of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is determined. Can be grasped more accurately.
- the state value related to the voltage of the secondary battery is an OCV related value related to the OCV value of the secondary battery
- the threshold value is the second voltage.
- the management unit may detect the occurrence of the temporary deterioration when the OCV value corresponding to the acquired OCV-related value is equal to or greater than the second voltage threshold.
- the inventor of the present application newly found that the OCV value of the secondary battery increases as the degree of temporary deterioration increases.
- the secondary battery management apparatus when the OCV value corresponding to the acquired OCV-related value is equal to or greater than a predetermined second voltage threshold, occurrence of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is detected. Therefore, it is possible to accurately grasp the performance of the secondary battery without detecting whether or not the SOC of the secondary battery has become equal to or lower than the specified SOC.
- the management unit determines that the degree of temporary deterioration is larger as the OCV value corresponding to the OCV-related value is larger. It is good also as a structure. According to the secondary battery management device, the larger the OCV value corresponding to the acquired OCV-related value is, the greater the degree of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is determined. It can be grasped more accurately.
- the state value related to the voltage of the secondary battery is the amount of change in SOC or capacity when the voltage of the secondary battery reaches a specified voltage.
- a ratio-related value related to a ratio of a change amount of voltage of the secondary battery is a ratio threshold value
- the management unit corresponds to the acquired ratio-related value or the inverse of the ratio. The occurrence of the temporary deterioration may be detected using the magnitude relationship between the ratio threshold and the ratio threshold.
- the inventor of the present application reduces the ratio of the change amount of the voltage of the secondary battery to the change amount of the SOC or the capacity when the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the specified voltage, as the degree of temporary deterioration increases, or It was newly found that the reciprocal of the ratio becomes large.
- this secondary battery management device since the occurrence of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is detected from the magnitude relationship between the ratio corresponding to the acquired ratio-related value and a predetermined ratio threshold, The performance of the secondary battery can be accurately grasped without detecting whether or not the SOC of the secondary battery has become equal to or lower than the specified SOC.
- the management unit is configured such that the smaller the ratio corresponding to the ratio-related value of the secondary battery, or the greater the reciprocal of the ratio, A configuration may be adopted in which it is determined that the degree of temporary deterioration is large. According to the secondary battery management apparatus, it is determined that the degree of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery is larger as the ratio corresponding to the acquired ratio-related value is smaller or as the reciprocal of the ratio is larger. Therefore, the performance of the secondary battery can be grasped more accurately.
- the management unit detects the temporary deterioration when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected. It is good also as a structure which controls the said secondary battery by the control method at the time of deterioration different from the reference
- the secondary battery control method differs depending on whether or not the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected. The secondary battery can be controlled in response to the decrease in performance.
- Application Example 15 In the secondary battery management apparatus of Application Example 14, the correspondence relationship between the SOC of the secondary battery and the state value of the secondary battery in a state where the temporary deterioration has not occurred is shown.
- a storage unit configured to store first correspondence information and second correspondence information indicating the correspondence in a state where the temporary deterioration has occurred; and the management unit includes the first correspondence information in the reference control method.
- the secondary battery may be controlled with reference to correspondence information, and the deterioration time control method may be configured to control the secondary battery with reference to the second correspondence information.
- the secondary battery is controlled by referring to different correspondence information when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected and when it is not detected.
- the secondary battery can be controlled in response to a temporary deterioration of the battery performance.
- the state value of the secondary battery is a voltage value of the secondary battery, and falls within at least a specified voltage value range of the second correspondence information.
- the SOC of the corresponding secondary battery may be smaller than the SOC of the secondary battery corresponding to the specified voltage value range of the first correspondence information.
- the SOC of the specified secondary battery when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected is made smaller than the SOC when the temporary deterioration is not detected.
- the secondary battery can be controlled in response to a temporary performance degradation of the secondary battery.
- the voltage value of the secondary battery may be a voltage value when the secondary battery is discharged.
- the inventor of the present application in the temporary deterioration, the SOC of the secondary battery corresponding to the specified voltage value range in the case where the deterioration occurs at the time of discharging is compared with the SOC in the case where the deterioration does not occur. It has been newly found that it is different from other deteriorations (for example, aging deterioration, high-rate deterioration, etc.) that become smaller and become larger than the SOC when no deterioration occurs.
- the SOC of the secondary battery when the occurrence of temporary deterioration is detected at the time of discharge is smaller than the SOC when the detection is not detected.
- the secondary battery can be controlled.
- the voltage value of the secondary battery may be an OCV value of the secondary battery.
- the inventor of the present application shows that the temporary deterioration causes the OCV value when the deterioration occurs to be smaller than the OCV value when the deterioration does not occur, and the OCV value when the deterioration does not occur. It was newly found that it is different from other deterioration that becomes larger than. According to this secondary battery management device, the OCV value when the occurrence of temporary deterioration is detected is made smaller than the OCV value when it is not detected. can do.
- the state value of the secondary battery is a current value when the secondary battery is charged at a constant voltage
- the second correspondence information The SOC of the secondary battery corresponding to at least a specified current value range may be smaller than the SOC of the secondary battery corresponding to the current value range of the first correspondence information.
- the SOC of the secondary battery when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected is made smaller than the SOC when the temporary deterioration is not detected.
- the secondary battery can be controlled in response to a temporary decrease in the performance of the secondary battery due to excessive deterioration.
- the state value of the secondary battery is a chargeable power value of the secondary battery, and at least a prescribed SOC range of the second correspondence information
- the rechargeable power value of the secondary battery corresponding to 1 may be configured to be smaller than the rechargeable power value of the secondary battery corresponding to the specified SOC range of the first correspondence information.
- the chargeable power value of the secondary battery when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected is made smaller than the chargeable power value when the secondary battery is not detected.
- the secondary battery can be controlled in response to a temporary decrease in the performance of the secondary battery due to excessive deterioration.
- the state value of the secondary battery is a dischargeable power value of the secondary battery, and at least a prescribed SOC range of the second correspondence information
- the dischargeable power value of the secondary battery corresponding to is larger than the dischargeable power value of the secondary battery corresponding to the specified SOC range of the first correspondence information.
- the dischargeable power value of the secondary battery when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected is larger than the dischargeable power value when the detection is not detected.
- the secondary battery can be controlled in response to a temporary decrease in the performance of the secondary battery due to excessive deterioration.
- the storage unit includes a plurality of secondary batteries corresponding to the degree of aging of the secondary battery.
- the first correspondence information and the plurality of second correspondence information are stored, and a prescribed state value range between the first correspondence information and the second correspondence information corresponding to the same degree of aging deterioration
- the difference in the SOC corresponding to may be configured to be smaller as the degree of aging is larger.
- the inventor of the present application has newly found that the temporary performance deterioration of the secondary battery due to the temporary deterioration becomes smaller as the degree of aging of the secondary battery increases. According to the secondary battery management device, the larger the degree of aging of the secondary battery is, the smaller the SOC difference between the first correspondence information and the second correspondence information is set.
- the secondary battery can be controlled in consideration of the influence due to aging.
- the management unit detects the temporary deterioration when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected.
- the degree of temporary deterioration is the first degree
- the secondary battery is controlled by the first deterioration control method
- the degree of temporary deterioration is the first degree.
- the secondary battery may be controlled by the second deterioration time control method different from the first deterioration time control method.
- the control method at the time of deterioration for controlling the secondary battery differs depending on the degree of temporary deterioration, the secondary battery is controlled in accordance with the degree of temporary deterioration. Can do.
- the secondary battery includes a plurality of cells connected in series, and the secondary battery management
- the apparatus further includes a discharge unit that discharges each cell individually, and the management unit detects the occurrence of the temporary deterioration for each cell, and the temporary deterioration of at least one of the cells is detected.
- the discharge unit discharges each cell individually to equalize the capacity of the plurality of cells.
- a process may be executed to switch the equalization means of the equalization process between the reference control method and the deterioration time control method.
- the equalization means for example, whether at least a part of cells to be discharged, or whether each cell is discharged, is detected when temporary deterioration is detected or not. Since the parameters and the like used to determine whether or not are switched, the expansion of the capacity difference between cells can be suppressed.
- the management unit performs the above-described discharge unit when the at least one cell satisfies an individual discharge execution condition.
- the equalization process for discharging the cells that satisfy the individual discharge execution condition is executed, and the equalization process is not executed even when the at least one cell satisfies the individual discharge execution condition in the deterioration control method. It is good also as a structure.
- this secondary battery management device when the occurrence of temporary deterioration is detected in at least one cell, all the cells including the cell in which temporary deterioration has occurred are not discharged. It is possible to suppress an increase in the difference in capacity between a cell in which significant deterioration has occurred and a cell in which no deterioration has occurred.
- the management unit performs the above-described discharge unit when the at least one cell satisfies an individual discharge execution condition.
- the equalization process for discharging the cells that satisfy the individual discharge execution conditions is performed, and the control method at the time of deterioration identifies the cells in which the temporary deterioration has occurred, and the at least one cell is the
- the discharge unit discharges at least one of the cells specified as not having undergone the temporary deterioration to equalize the capacity of the cells, and the temporary deterioration It is good also as a structure which performs the said equalization process which does not discharge the said cell specified as having generate
- this secondary battery management device when the occurrence of temporary deterioration is detected in at least one cell, the temporary deterioration occurs because the cell in which temporary deterioration has occurred is not discharged. It is possible to suppress an increase in the capacity difference between the cells that are not generated and the cells that are not generated. In addition, since the equalization process is performed on the cells in which no temporary deterioration has occurred, the capacity between the cells in which no temporary deterioration has occurred can be equalized.
- the secondary battery management device In the secondary battery management device according to any one of Application Example 1 to Application Example 26, when the management unit detects the occurrence of the temporary deterioration, the secondary battery is An instruction may be output to the charging device so that charging is performed at a second charging rate lower than a first charging rate that is a charging rate of the secondary battery when occurrence of the temporary deterioration is not detected.
- the secondary battery management apparatus when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected, the secondary battery is charged at a second charging rate lower than the first charging rate when the temporary deterioration is not detected. It is possible to suppress the progress of the temporary performance deterioration of the secondary battery due to the excessive deterioration.
- the second charge rate is 1.5C charge. It is good also as a structure below a rate. According to the secondary battery management device, the second charge rate is set to 1.5C or less, so that the secondary battery is temporarily deteriorated due to temporary deterioration as compared with the case where the second charge rate is higher than the 1.5C charge rate. The progress of performance degradation can be suppressed.
- the second charging rate may be 0.5C or less.
- the second charge rate is set to 0.5C or less, so that the secondary battery is temporarily deteriorated due to temporary deterioration as compared with a case where the second charge rate is higher than 0.5C charge rate. The progress of performance degradation can be suppressed.
- the second charging rate may be equal to or less than one fifth of the first charging rate.
- the second charge rate is equal to or less than one fifth of the first charge rate, and thus is temporary compared to a case where it is greater than one fifth of the first charge rate. It is possible to suppress the progress of the temporary performance deterioration of the secondary battery due to deterioration.
- Application Example 31 In any one of the secondary battery management devices from Application Example 1 to Application Example 30, when the management unit detects the occurrence of the temporary deterioration, the SOC of the secondary battery is detected. Outputs an instruction to the charging device so as to charge the secondary battery until the recharged SOC is larger than the specified SOC or until the voltage of the secondary battery is a higher canceled voltage than the specified voltage. It is good also as a structure.
- the secondary battery management device when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected, the secondary battery voltage becomes higher than the specified voltage until the SOC of the secondary battery reaches the cancellation SOC. Since the secondary battery is charged until the voltage is reached, the temporary performance deterioration of the secondary battery due to the temporary deterioration can be solved.
- the elimination SOC may be 91% or more.
- the secondary battery in which the temporary deterioration has occurred is charged until the SOC value becomes 91% or more. Performance degradation can be eliminated.
- the elimination SOC may be 100%.
- the secondary battery management device the secondary battery in which the temporary deterioration has occurred is fully charged, so that the temporary performance deterioration of the secondary battery due to the temporary deterioration can be eliminated. it can.
- the management unit has a degree of deterioration indicating the degree of temporary deterioration, and a state when the occurrence of the temporary deterioration is detected.
- the secondary battery is controlled according to the degree of deterioration, with 100% being the state in which the temporary deterioration has been eliminated and 0%, and the secondary battery is maintained until the SOC of the secondary battery becomes equal to or greater than the elimination SOC.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the maximum SOC, which is the maximum SOC reached by the secondary battery when charged, is acquired, and the deterioration degree is set to a lower value as the maximum SOC is larger. According to this secondary battery management device, the larger the maximum SOC of the secondary battery, the lower the degree of deterioration, and it can be detected that the temporary deterioration has been resolved, and the secondary battery is controlled. Can do.
- the management unit acquires a holding time during which the secondary battery is held at the maximum SOC, and the longer the holding time, the more the deterioration occurs.
- the degree may be set to a low value. According to the secondary battery management device, the longer the holding time, the lower the degree of deterioration, and it can be detected that the temporary deterioration has been eliminated, and the secondary battery can be controlled.
- the active material of the positive electrode of the secondary battery may be lithium iron phosphate.
- Lithium iron phosphate as an active material has the characteristic that a potential flat portion exists in the relationship between capacity and potential. According to the secondary battery management device, the positive electrode having an active material having such characteristics It is possible to detect the occurrence of temporary deterioration of a secondary battery including the above, and to accurately grasp the performance of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of the battery pack 100 of the first embodiment.
- the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle (EV), for example, and supplies power to a load 400 such as a motor that drives the EV. Further, the battery pack 100 is charged by, for example, a charger 200 installed at a charging stand.
- the battery pack 100 is an example of a power storage device.
- the battery pack 100 includes a battery module 110, a battery manager (hereinafter referred to as “BM”) 130 that manages the battery module 110, a current sensor 140, and a temperature sensor 150.
- the BM 130 is an example of a secondary battery management device.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of the battery module 110.
- the battery module 110 includes a secondary battery 112, a cell sensor (hereinafter referred to as “CS”) 120, and a communication interface (I / F) 118 for communication with each unit.
- CS cell sensor
- I / F communication interface
- the secondary battery 112 includes a plurality of cells (also referred to as “single cells”) 114 connected in series.
- Each cell 114 is a lithium ion battery including a negative electrode having a graphite-based material as an active material and a positive electrode having lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) as an active material.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are explanatory diagrams showing the characteristics of the active material used for the electrode of each cell 114.
- FIG. FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively show the electric capacity per unit mass (residual capacity, also simply referred to as capacity) for lithium iron phosphate, which is an active material used for the positive electrode, and graphite, which is the active material used for the negative electrode.
- the relationship between mAh / g) and the open circuit potential (V) is shown.
- FIG. 3 in the relationship between the electric capacity of the active material (lithium iron phosphate) used for the positive electrode and the open-circuit potential, most of the areas excluding the area containing the lowest value and the area containing the highest value. Is a potential flat portion.
- the potential flat portion is a region where the ratio of the absolute value of the change amount of the open-circuit potential to the absolute value of the change amount of the capacitance (that is, the absolute value of the slope of the curve shown in FIG. 3) is 0.001 or less. Means.
- the potential flat portion is also called a plateau region. It should be noted that the ratio of the absolute value of the change amount of the open-circuit potential to the absolute value of the change amount of the capacitance is relatively small in the region other than the flat portion of the potential, that is, the region including the minimum value of the capacitance and the region including the maximum value. It is getting bigger.
- an active material having a characteristic in which a potential flat portion exists in the relationship between electric capacity and open circuit potential is referred to as an active material having a capacitance-potential characteristic in which a potential flat portion exists.
- the change amount of the open potential with respect to the absolute value of the change amount of the capacitance over the entire capacitance is relatively large, and there is no potential flat portion.
- the ratio of the absolute value of the change amount of the open-circuit potential to the absolute value of the change amount of the electric capacitance is large in a region where the electric capacitance is relatively small.
- the CS 120 includes a voltage sensor 122 and a discharge unit 124.
- the voltage sensor 122 is connected to both terminals of each cell 114 via the wiring 116, and a secondary battery that is a total value of the terminal voltage ⁇ V of each cell 114 by measuring the terminal voltage ⁇ V of each cell 114.
- the terminal voltage V of 112 is measured.
- the discharge unit 124 includes a discharge circuit 126 provided between each set of wires 116 that connect each cell 114 of the secondary battery 112 and the voltage sensor 122.
- Each discharge circuit 126 includes a resistor R and a switch Q. Opening and closing of the switch Q of each discharge circuit 126 is controlled by a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as “CPU”) 132 of the BM 130 described later.
- CPU central processing unit
- the current sensor 140 measures a charging current to the secondary battery 112 by the charger 200 or a discharging current from the secondary battery 112 to the load 400 (hereinafter collectively referred to as “charging / discharging current I”).
- the temperature sensor 150 is configured by a thermistor, for example, and measures the temperature of the secondary battery 112.
- the BM 130 includes a CPU 132, a memory 134, and a communication interface (I / F) 136 for communication with each unit.
- the memory 134 is composed of, for example, a RAM or a ROM, and stores various programs.
- the CPU 132 controls the operation of each part of the battery pack 100 while referring to information from each sensor according to the program read from the memory 134. For example, the CPU 132 acquires the measurement result of the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 112 by the voltage sensor 122 of the CS 120, the measurement result of the charge / discharge current I by the current sensor 140, and the measurement result of the temperature of the secondary battery 112 by the temperature sensor 150. To do.
- the CPU 132 is an example of a management unit.
- the charger 200 includes a charging unit 210 and a control unit 220.
- the charging unit 210 includes an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC converter (not shown), and outputs power for charging the battery pack 100.
- the control unit 220 includes a CPU 222, a memory 224, and a communication interface (I / F) 226 for communication with each unit.
- the memory 224 is composed of, for example, a RAM or a ROM, and stores various programs.
- the CPU 222 controls the operation of each unit of the charger 200 according to the program read from the memory 224.
- the battery pack 100 may be used for power supply applications other than EVs, power storage applications, and the like.
- the battery pack 100 may be used for a peak shift application for shifting the power generation peak of solar power generation or storing power at night and effectively using it in the daytime.
- the battery pack 100 may be used as an UPS (uninterruptible power supply) or an emergency power supply that supplements power in the event of a power failure in an unstable power infrastructure such as a developing country. In this case, it is considered that the deep discharge described below is repeated and the deep discharge transient deterioration is likely to occur.
- UPS uninterruptible power supply
- the BM 130 may be arranged not in the battery pack 100 but in a control device on the vehicle side such as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit or Engine Control Unit) or a PCU (Power Control Unit).
- ECU Electronic Control Unit or Engine Control Unit
- PCU Power Control Unit
- A-2 About deep discharge transient deterioration:
- the performance of a secondary battery is permanently reduced by, for example, deterioration of an active material contained in an electrode of the secondary battery.
- the performance of the secondary battery may be temporarily reduced due to some cause.
- temporary performance degradation hereinafter referred to as “temporary degradation” is resolved when any recovery process is performed on the secondary battery or when the secondary battery is put in any state. Means deterioration.
- the inventor of the present application has newly found a temporary deterioration phenomenon of the secondary battery different from the high rate deterioration.
- this temporary deterioration causes the secondary battery including the positive electrode having the active material having the capacity-potential characteristic in which the potential flat portion exists until the SOC (State of Charge) becomes a relatively low state. Specifically, it is generated by discharging until the SOC becomes 40% or less.
- discharging until the SOC becomes 40% or less is referred to as “deep discharge”, and this temporary deterioration is referred to as “deep discharge transient deterioration”.
- the SOC indicates the percentage of the electric capacity at that time with respect to the electric capacity in a fully charged state, and is also called a charged state or a charging rate.
- Condition 1 shown in FIG. 5 is a test in which a secondary battery 112 with 100% SOC is subjected to CC discharge (constant current discharge) to SOC 80% for a while and then CCCV charge (constant current constant voltage charge) to SOC 100%. It is a condition.
- Condition 2 is that the secondary battery of SOC 100% is paused for a while with CC discharged to SOC 0%, then CC charged (constant current charge) to SOC 80% and paused again, and then CCCV to SOC 100%.
- Charged test conditions That is, Condition 1 is a test condition that does not experience deep discharge, and Condition 2 is a test condition that experiences deep discharge.
- the inventor of the present application considers that deep discharge transient deterioration occurs due to the mechanism described below.
- variations in surface pressure distribution may occur due to variations in the coating thickness of the electrodes, and variations in electrical resistance and capacitance may occur on the electrodes.
- variations in electrical resistance and capacitance occur on the electrode, unevenness occurs in the electrode reaction, and a portion where the SOC is high and a portion where the SOC is low are generated on the electrode.
- an electrode having an active material having a capacitance-potential characteristic without a potential flat portion such as lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 )
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobaltate
- the secondary battery including an electrode having an active material having a capacity-potential characteristic in which a potential flat portion exists as in the secondary battery of the present embodiment, a location where the SOC on the electrode is high and a location where the SOC is low. Since there is almost no potential difference, SOC variation on the electrode is maintained.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are explanatory diagrams showing the mechanism of deep discharge transient deterioration. 7 and 8 show capacity-potential characteristics at three locations where the electric capacities are different from each other on the same electrode of the secondary battery. Where the broken line shows the capacitance-potential characteristic, the electric capacity is reduced by 5 Ah compared to the part where the solid line shows the capacitance-potential characteristic. In the place where the dashed line shows the capacitance-potential characteristic, Compared with the portion where the capacity-potential characteristics are shown by the solid line, the electric capacity is reduced by 10 Ah. For this reason, as shown in FIG.
- the inventor of the present application has also found that, for example, when the secondary battery is charged beyond a specified voltage, the deep discharge transient deterioration is eliminated.
- the ratio of the absolute value of the change amount of the open potential to the absolute value of the change amount of the capacitance in the region including the maximum value of the capacitance. Is relatively large, and thus it is considered that variation in SOC on the electrode is alleviated when charged to that region.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the depth of discharge and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 9 shows the charge from SOC 80% when the SOC minimum value at the time of discharge is changed in the range of 0% to 60% (that is, the discharge depth is changed) under the condition 2 shown in FIG. A part of voltage transition is shown.
- the lower the SOC minimum value the greater the depth of discharge
- the faster the specified voltage is reached the SOC when the specified voltage is reached decreases. From this result, it can be determined that the lower the SOC minimum value (the greater the depth of discharge), the greater the degree of deep discharge transient degradation.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the temperature during deep discharge and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 10 shows a part of the transition of the charging voltage from SOC 80% when the temperature during deep discharge is changed in the range of 5 ° C. to 25 ° C. in the condition 2 shown in FIG.
- the lower the temperature during deep discharge the faster the specified voltage is reached (the SOC when the specified voltage is reached decreases). From this result, it can be determined that the lower the temperature during deep discharge, the greater the degree of deep discharge transient degradation.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the downtime after deep discharge and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 11 shows the transition of the charging voltage from SOC 80% when the pause time in the SOC 80% state is changed from 0 hour (no pause) to 16 hours in the condition 2 shown in FIG. Some are shown.
- the longer the pause time after deep discharge is the faster the specified voltage is reached (the SOC when the specified voltage is reached decreases). From this result, it can be determined that the longer the pause time after deep discharge, the greater the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the degree of aging deterioration and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- FIG. 12 shows a part of the transition of the charging voltage from SOC 80% when the test of Condition 2 shown in FIG. 5 is performed using a new cell and an aged product cell. As shown in FIG. 12, the new cell reaches the specified voltage earlier than the aged cell (the SOC when the specified voltage is reached is lowered). From this result, it can be determined that the smaller the degree of aging deterioration, the larger the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the degree of aging of the cell can be expressed by using index values related to aging such as the internal resistance and capacity of the cell, the years of use, and the number of charge / discharge cycles.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a method of determining the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- a numerical value (score) indicating the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is assigned to each parameter value for each of the four parameters described above, and the total score value for each parameter is large. It is determined that the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is large. For example, as shown with hatching in FIG.
- the discharge is performed to SOC less than 10% (5 points), the temperature at the time of deep discharge is in the range of 10 ° C. to 15 ° C. (3 points), and after the deep discharge
- the pause time is less than 2h (1 point) and the degree of aging of the cell is moderate (3 points)
- the score indicating the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is 12 points out of 20 points. It becomes.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery management process.
- the secondary battery management process is started when a predetermined start instruction is input (for example, when the ignition is turned on when the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle).
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the SOC value (S110).
- the SOC value can be obtained by various known methods.
- the SOC value can be acquired based on the integrated value of the charging / discharging current of the secondary battery 112 stored in the memory 134, or information indicating the correspondence relationship between the preset SOC and OCV can be used. It can also be calculated from the OCV.
- the CPU 132 determines whether or not the acquired SOC value is equal to or less than a preset threshold value (40% in the present embodiment) (S120). If the CPU 132 determines that the obtained SOC value is greater than the threshold (S120: NO), the CPU 132 determines whether an instruction to end the management process is input (S180), and an instruction to end the management process is input. If it is determined that it has not been performed (S180: NO), the process returns to S110.
- the threshold value is an example of a prescribed SOC.
- the CPU 132 determines that the acquired SOC value is equal to or less than the threshold (S120: YES), whether or not the acquired SOC value is lower than the SOC minimum value stored in the memory 134. Is determined (S130). If the SOC minimum value is not stored in the memory 134, the CPU 132 determines that the acquired SOC value is lower than the SOC minimum value.
- the CPU 132 determines that the obtained SOC value is lower than the SOC minimum value (S130: YES)
- the CPU 132 updates the SOC minimum value stored in the memory 134 (S140), and also deepens the secondary battery 112. It is detected that discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S150), and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is determined using the method illustrated in FIG. 13 (S160).
- the CPU 132 notifies that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S170). For example, when the CPU 132 notifies the ECU of the electric vehicle that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, or when the battery pack 100 includes a notification means such as sound or light, the notification means notifies the administrator of the deep discharge.
- the CPU 132 determines whether or not an instruction to end the management process has been input (S180). If it is determined that an instruction to end the management process has not been input (S180: NO), the CPU 132 returns to the process of S110. .
- the CPU 132 determines that the SOC value acquired in S110 is equal to or less than the threshold (S120: YES), and determines that the acquired SOC value is equal to or higher than the SOC minimum value (S130: NO), The process from S140 to S170 is skipped and the process returns to S180. If the CPU 132 determines that an instruction to end the management process has been input (S180: YES), the CPU 132 ends the management process.
- the notification process is performed.
- the notification process is performed through a state that is predetermined as a state in which the secondary battery 112 is eliminated from the deep discharge transient deterioration, such as a full charge of the secondary battery 112, for example.
- the process is repeated with a predetermined time interval. Therefore, when the notification process is performed, it is estimated that the CPU 132 has detected that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112.
- the CPU 132 detects that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112
- the deep discharge transient deterioration is detected together with the notification process or instead of the notification process.
- the control process for controlling the secondary battery 112 may be performed by the control method in this case (at least partially different from the control method in the normal case where deep discharge transient deterioration is not detected).
- the control process of the secondary battery 112 different from the normal case it is estimated that the CPU 132 has detected that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112. Is done.
- the contents of such notification processing and control processing may differ depending on the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the CPU 132 determines the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration of the secondary battery 112. Presumed.
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 and the acquired SOC value is equal to or less than a preset threshold, Since it is detected that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be accurately grasped. Thereby, for example, informing that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112, or appropriately controlling the secondary battery in consideration of the influence of the deep discharge transient deterioration. Can do.
- the CPU 132 determines that the deeper discharge can be achieved as the obtained SOC value is lower, the temperature during deep discharge is lower, the rest time after deep discharge is longer, and the degree of aging of the secondary battery 112 is smaller. Since it is determined that the degree of excessive deterioration is large, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be grasped more accurately. Thereby, for example, the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration occurring in the secondary battery 112 can be notified, or the secondary battery can be appropriately controlled in consideration of the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration. .
- Second embodiment 15 to 17 show a second embodiment.
- the difference from the first embodiment lies in the deep discharge transient deterioration detection method, and the other points are the same as in the first embodiment. Accordingly, the same portions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and only different portions are described.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the discharge voltage and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the discharge voltage is the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 112 when the secondary battery 112 is CC-discharged.
- the secondary battery 112 is changed from SOC 60% to 20%. A part of the transition of the discharge voltage when discharged is shown.
- the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration in other words, the greater the depth of discharge
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the discharge voltage and the degree of deterioration other than deep discharge transient deterioration (hereinafter referred to as “other deterioration”) such as aging deterioration or high-rate deterioration. .
- other deterioration such as aging deterioration or high-rate deterioration.
- the SOC-discharge voltage characteristic when the deterioration occurs is deteriorated in the entire SOC region. It shifts to the low voltage side with respect to the SOC-discharge voltage characteristics when there is no. That is, in other deterioration, unlike the case of the deep discharge transient deterioration shown in FIG. 15, the larger the degree of deterioration, the lower the discharge voltage value of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is discharging at a constant current. Become.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the flow of a secondary battery management process.
- the secondary battery management process is started when a predetermined start instruction is input (for example, when the ignition is turned on when the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle).
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 determines whether or not the secondary battery 112 is undergoing CC discharge (S210). This can be determined by various known methods. For example, the CPU 132 can determine whether or not CC discharge is being performed based on a control command from a host device such as an ECU (not shown) or a charger 200 or a measurement result of the charge / discharge current I by the current sensor 140. .
- a host device such as an ECU (not shown) or a charger 200 or a measurement result of the charge / discharge current I by the current sensor 140.
- the CPU 132 determines whether or not an instruction to end the management process is input (S280), and an instruction to end the management process is input. If it is determined that it is not (S280: NO), the process returns to S210.
- the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 and the current value of the charge / discharge current I (hereinafter, particularly the discharge current). And a value of the terminal voltage V (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a discharge voltage value) (S220).
- the SOC value can be obtained by various known methods. For example, the SOC value can be acquired based on the integrated value of the charging / discharging current of the secondary battery 112 stored in the memory 134, or information indicating the correspondence relationship between the preset SOC and OCV can be used. It can also be calculated from the OCV.
- the CPU 132 obtains a discharge voltage threshold value corresponding to the obtained SOC value and discharge current value (S230).
- the discharge voltage threshold value is a discharge voltage value of the secondary battery 112 when the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is at a predetermined level.
- the predetermined level is assumed to be a level when there is no deep discharge transient deterioration, that is, zero.
- correspondence information among the SOC of the secondary battery 112, the discharge current value, and the discharge voltage value is stored in advance, and the CPU 132 refers to the correspondence information and acquires the discharge voltage threshold value.
- the discharge voltage value when the SOC and the discharge current value are changed in a state where there is no deep discharge transient deterioration is associated with each SOC and each discharge current value as a discharge voltage threshold value.
- the discharge voltage threshold is an example of a first voltage threshold.
- the CPU 132 determines whether or not the acquired discharge voltage value is equal to or greater than a preset discharge voltage threshold (S240). If the CPU 132 determines that the acquired discharge voltage value is smaller than the discharge voltage threshold (S240: NO), the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S280. On the other hand, when the CPU 132 determines that the acquired discharge voltage value is equal to or greater than the discharge voltage threshold (S240: YES), the CPU 132 detects that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112. (S250). In addition, the CPU 132 determines the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration from the difference value between the acquired discharge voltage value and the discharge voltage threshold (S260).
- S240 preset discharge voltage threshold
- the CPU 132 determines that the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is larger as the difference value is larger. Further, the CPU 132 notifies that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S270). Thereafter, the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S280. That the acquired discharge voltage value is greater than or equal to the discharge voltage threshold is an example of a predetermined condition.
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the discharge voltage value of the secondary battery 112 and the acquired discharge voltage value is equal to or greater than a preset discharge voltage threshold, Since it is detected that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in 112, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be accurately grasped. Thereby, for example, informing that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112, or appropriately controlling the secondary battery in consideration of the influence of the deep discharge transient deterioration. Can do.
- the CPU 132 determines that the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is larger as the acquired discharge voltage value is larger, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be grasped more accurately. Thereby, for example, the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration occurring in the secondary battery 112 can be notified, or the secondary battery can be appropriately controlled in consideration of the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration. .
- Third embodiment 18 and 19 show a third embodiment.
- the difference from the first embodiment lies in the deep discharge transient deterioration detection method, and the other points are the same as in the first embodiment. Accordingly, the same portions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and only different portions are described.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the OCV is a terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 112 when the secondary battery 112 is in a stable state.
- the OCV of the secondary battery 112 when the voltage change amount per unit time of the secondary battery 112 is 100 mV or less. Terminal voltage V.
- OCV may be referred to as an open circuit voltage.
- FIG. 18 when the secondary battery 112 is changed from SOC 20% to 80% after changing the SOC minimum value within a predetermined range (that is, changing the discharge depth) under the above conditions 1 and 2. Some of the changes in OCV are shown.
- the greater the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration in other words, the greater the depth of discharge
- the larger the OCV value of the secondary battery 112 that is, the OCV changes at a higher level.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery management process.
- the secondary battery management process is started when a predetermined start instruction is input (for example, when the ignition is turned on when the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle).
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the SOC value and the OCV value of the secondary battery 112 (S310).
- the OCV value can be obtained by various known methods. For example, the value of OCV can be obtained from the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 112 measured with the secondary battery 112 opened and left for a predetermined time, or the internal resistance of the secondary battery 112 is measured and measured. It can also be calculated from the results.
- the CPU 132 obtains an OCV threshold value corresponding to the obtained SOC value (S320).
- the OCV threshold is the OCV value of the secondary battery 112 when the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is at a predetermined level.
- the predetermined level is assumed to be a level when there is no deep discharge transient deterioration, that is, zero.
- correspondence information between the SOC and the OCV of the secondary battery 112 is stored in advance, and the CPU 132 refers to this correspondence information and acquires the OCV threshold value.
- This correspondence information is information in which the value of the OCV when the SOC is changed without deep discharge transient deterioration is associated with each SOC as the OCV threshold.
- the OCV threshold is an example of a second voltage threshold.
- the CPU 132 determines whether or not the acquired OCV value is equal to or greater than a preset OCV threshold (S330). When the CPU 132 determines that the acquired OCV value is smaller than the OCV threshold (S330: NO), the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S280. On the other hand, when the CPU 132 determines that the acquired OCV value is equal to or greater than the OCV threshold (S330: YES), the CPU 132 detects that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 ( S340). In addition, the CPU 132 determines the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration from the difference value between the acquired OCV value and the OCV threshold (S350). Specifically, the CPU 132 determines that the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is larger as the difference value is larger. That the acquired OCV value is equal to or greater than the OCV threshold is an example of a predetermined condition.
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the OCV value of the secondary battery 112, and when the acquired OCV value is equal to or greater than the preset OCV threshold, Therefore, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be accurately grasped. Thereby, for example, informing that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112, or appropriately controlling the secondary battery in consideration of the influence of the deep discharge transient deterioration. Can do.
- the CPU 132 determines that the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is larger as the acquired OCV value is larger, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be grasped more accurately. Thereby, for example, the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration occurring in the secondary battery 112 can be notified, or the secondary battery can be appropriately controlled in consideration of the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration. .
- Fourth embodiment 20 and 21 show a fourth embodiment.
- the difference from the first embodiment lies in the deep discharge transient deterioration detection method, and the other points are the same as in the first embodiment. Accordingly, the same portions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and only different portions are described.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the transition of the charging voltage and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the charging voltage is a terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 112 when the secondary battery 112 is CC-charged.
- FIG. 20 when the secondary battery 112 is charged from SOC 80% to 100% after changing the SOC minimum value within a predetermined range (that is, changing the depth of discharge) under the above conditions 1 and 2. A part of the transition of the charging voltage is shown.
- the greater the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration in other words, the greater the depth of discharge
- the ratio of the amount of change in the charging voltage of the secondary battery 112 with respect to becomes small (that is, the charging voltage changes sharply to the specified voltage).
- the reciprocal of the ratio increases.
- the BM 130 uses the ratio of the amount of change in the voltage of the secondary battery 112 to the amount of change in the SOC or capacity when the voltage of the secondary battery 112 reaches the specified voltage, or the magnitude relationship between the reciprocal of the ratio and the threshold value. The occurrence of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery 112 is detected.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the flow of the secondary battery management process.
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 determines whether or not the secondary battery 112 is being charged with CC (S410). This can be determined by various known methods. For example, the CPU 132 can determine whether CC charging is being performed based on a control command from a host device such as an ECU (not shown) or the charger 200 and a measurement result of the charge / discharge current I by the current sensor 140. . If the CPU 132 determines that the secondary battery 112 is not CC charging (S410: NO), the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S280.
- the CPU 132 determines that the secondary battery 112 is being CC charged (S410: YES)
- the value of the second SOC when the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 112 reaches the second charging voltage value is acquired (S430). Specifically, CPU 132 determines whether or not terminal voltage V of secondary battery 112 has reached the second charging voltage value based on the measurement result of voltage sensor 122.
- the second charging voltage value is a value larger than the first charging voltage value and a value equal to or lower than the specified voltage. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the second charging voltage value is a specified voltage. If the CPU 132 determines that the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 112 has reached the second charging voltage value, the CPU 132 acquires the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 at that time, and stores the acquired value as the second SOC value. 134.
- the CPU 132 determines whether or not the calculated inclination value is equal to or less than a preset inclination threshold value (S450).
- the inclination threshold is an inclination value when the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is at a predetermined level.
- the predetermined level is assumed to be a level when there is no deep discharge transient deterioration, that is, zero.
- the CPU 132 determines that the calculated inclination value is larger than the inclination threshold (S450: NO)
- the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S280.
- the CPU 132 determines that the calculated inclination value is equal to or less than the inclination threshold value (S450: YES)
- the CPU 132 detects that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 (S460). ).
- the CPU 132 determines the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration from the difference value between the calculated inclination value and the inclination threshold value (S470). Specifically, the CPU 132 determines that the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is larger as the difference value is larger. That the calculated inclination value is equal to or less than the inclination threshold is an example of the predetermined condition.
- the secondary battery 112 when the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the inclination value of the secondary battery 112 and the acquired inclination value is equal to or less than a preset inclination threshold value, the secondary battery 112 has a depth. Since it is detected that the discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be accurately grasped. Thereby, for example, informing that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112, or appropriately controlling the secondary battery in consideration of the influence of the deep discharge transient deterioration. Can do.
- the CPU 132 determines that the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is larger as the acquired slope value is smaller, the performance of the secondary battery 112 can be grasped more accurately. Thereby, for example, the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration occurring in the secondary battery 112 can be notified, or the secondary battery can be appropriately controlled in consideration of the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration. .
- the secondary battery is controlled when the occurrence of deep discharge transient deterioration is detected by any one of the deep discharge transient deterioration detection methods from the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment. The method is shown. As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the secondary battery in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred is compared with the secondary battery in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred. The influence of deep discharge transient deterioration appears, for example, the correspondence between the state value indicating the state of the secondary battery and the SOC changes. Therefore, when controlling the secondary battery, it is desirable to consider the effect of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the inventor of the present application has devised a secondary battery control method that takes into account the effects of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- this secondary battery control method the first correspondence information indicating the correspondence between the SOC and the state value in the secondary battery in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred, and the second correspondence in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred.
- the second correspondence information indicating the correspondence between the SOC and the state value in the secondary battery is acquired in advance and stored in the memory 134, and the secondary battery 112 is controlled using the correspondence information.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the memory 134 includes correspondence information (hereinafter referred to as “normal OCV characteristic information”) of SOC-OCV characteristics in a secondary battery in which no deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, Corresponding information of SOC-OCV characteristics (hereinafter referred to as “OCV characteristic information during deep discharge deterioration”) in a secondary battery in which discharge transient deterioration has occurred is stored in advance.
- OCV characteristic information corresponds to SOC-OCV characteristics during deep discharge deterioration
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing the flow of the control process of the secondary battery.
- the secondary battery control process is started at a timing when a predetermined start instruction is input (for example, a timing when the ignition is turned on when the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle).
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the SOC value (S510). For example, the CPU 132 estimates the OCV value from the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 112 measured using the voltage sensor 122 of the CS 120, and refers to the OCV characteristic information that is initially set in the normal state to determine the SOC value. Can be obtained.
- CPU 132 determines whether or not deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in secondary battery 112 based on the obtained SOC value (S520). Specifically, the CPU 132 determines whether or not the acquired SOC value is equal to or less than a preset threshold value, as in the deep discharge transient deterioration detection method of the first embodiment. CPU132 determines that deep discharge transient deterioration has not generate
- the CPU 132 determines that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S520: YES). In this case, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 by the deterioration control method (S540). Specifically, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 using the OCV characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration. For example, when the OCV value of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified voltage value KV, the CPU 132 It is estimated that the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 has become SO2.
- the SOC-OCV characteristic at the time of deep discharge deterioration is shifted to the high OCV side with respect to the normal SOC-OCV characteristic at all SOC regions, and the OCV characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration is shown.
- SO2 corresponding to the specified voltage value KV is smaller than SO1 corresponding to the specified voltage value KV in the normal OCV characteristic information. Accordingly, when the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the OCV characteristic information at the normal time even when the deep discharge transient deterioration occurs, the estimated SOC of the secondary battery 112 becomes the SOC of the actual secondary battery 112. For example, overdischarge or the like may occur.
- the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using OCV characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration different from the characteristic information. Therefore, the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 can be estimated to be smaller than the case where the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the OCV characteristic information at the normal time, and the occurrence of overdischarge or the like is suppressed. Can do.
- the memory 134 includes correspondence information of SOC-discharge voltage characteristics (hereinafter referred to as “normal discharge voltage characteristic information”) in a secondary battery in which deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred, and deep discharge transient deterioration.
- discharge voltage characteristic information at the time of deep discharge degradation SOC-discharge voltage correspondence information (hereinafter referred to as “discharge voltage characteristic information at the time of deep discharge degradation”) in a secondary battery in which is generated is stored in advance.
- discharge voltage characteristic information at the time of deep discharge degradation SOC-discharge voltage correspondence information
- the two OCV characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration shown in FIG. 15 information having a larger degree of deep discharge transient deterioration is stored.
- control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is a discharge voltage at the time of minute discharge differs from the control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is OCV. . That is, if the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 by the reference control method (S530 in FIG. 22), specifically, the normal discharge.
- the secondary battery 112 is controlled using the voltage characteristic information. For example, when the value of the discharge voltage of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified voltage value KV, the CPU 132 estimates that the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes SO3A.
- the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 by the deterioration control method (S540 in FIG. 22), specifically, the deep discharge deterioration.
- the secondary battery 112 is controlled using the discharge voltage characteristic information at the time. For example, when the value of the discharge voltage of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified voltage value KV, the CPU 132 estimates that the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes SO4A.
- the SOC-discharge voltage characteristics at the time of deep discharge deterioration are shifted to the high voltage side with respect to the normal SOC-discharge voltage characteristics at all SOC regions.
- SO4A corresponding to the specified voltage value KV of the voltage characteristic information is smaller than SO3A corresponding to the specified voltage value KV of the normal discharge voltage characteristic information. Therefore, when the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the normal discharge voltage characteristic information even when the deep discharge transient deterioration occurs, the estimated SOC of the secondary battery 112 is the actual SOC of the secondary battery 112.
- the value is estimated to be larger than the SOC, and for example, overdischarge may occur.
- the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the discharge voltage characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration different from the voltage characteristic information. Therefore, the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 can be estimated smaller than when the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the normal discharge voltage characteristic information, and the occurrence of overdischarge and the like is suppressed. be able to.
- the SOC-discharge voltage characteristic when the deterioration occurs is lower than the SOC-discharge voltage characteristic when no deterioration occurs in the entire SOC region. Shift to the voltage side. Therefore, unlike the case of the deep discharge transient deterioration shown in FIG. 15, the SO4B corresponding to the specified voltage value KV of the SOC-discharge voltage characteristic when the deterioration occurs is the SOC-discharge when the deterioration does not occur. It becomes larger than SO3B corresponding to the specified voltage value KV of the voltage characteristic.
- the estimated SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated to be larger than the actual SOC of the secondary battery 112, and, for example, overdischarge occurs. There is a risk of doing.
- FIG. 23A is an explanatory diagram showing the SOC-charge current characteristics of the secondary battery 112.
- correspondence information of SOC-charging current characteristics hereinafter referred to as “normal charging current characteristics information” in a secondary battery in which deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred
- deep discharge transient deterioration SOC-charging current correspondence information hereinafter referred to as “charging current characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration” in the secondary battery in which is generated is stored in advance.
- the control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is the charging current at the time of CV charging is different in the characteristic information used compared to the control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is OCV. . That is, if the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 by the reference control method (S530 in FIG. 22), specifically, charging during normal time.
- the secondary battery 112 is controlled using the current characteristic information. For example, when the value of the charging current of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified current value KI, the CPU 132 estimates that the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes SO5A.
- the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 by the deterioration control method (S540 in FIG. 22), specifically, the deep discharge deterioration.
- the secondary battery 112 is controlled using the charging current characteristic information at the time. For example, when the value of the discharge voltage of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified current value KI, the CPU 132 estimates that the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes SO6A.
- the SOC-charge current characteristic at the time of deep discharge deterioration is that the discharge current droops from the SOC lower than the normal SOC-charge current characteristic.
- the SO6A corresponding to the specified current value KI is smaller than the SO5A corresponding to the specified current value KI of the normal charging current characteristic information. Therefore, when the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the normal charging current characteristic information even when the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the estimated SOC of the secondary battery 112 is the actual SOC of the secondary battery 112.
- the value is estimated to be larger than the SOC, and for example, overdischarge may occur.
- the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the charging current characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration different from the current characteristic information. Therefore, the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 can be estimated to be smaller than that in the case where the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using normal charging current characteristic information, and the occurrence of overdischarge or the like is suppressed. be able to.
- FIG. 23B is an explanatory diagram showing the SOC-charging current characteristic of the secondary battery 112 having a greater degree of aging degradation than the secondary battery 112 having the characteristics of FIG. 23A.
- the normal SOC-charging current characteristic in FIG. 23B is substantially the same as the normal SOC-charging current characteristic in FIG. 23A.
- the SOC-charge current characteristic at the time of deep discharge deterioration in FIG. 23B is shifted to the SOC-charge current characteristic side at the normal time with respect to the SOC-charge current characteristic at the time of deep discharge deterioration in FIG. 23A. Therefore, the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration changes depending on the degree of aging deterioration of the secondary battery 112.
- the degree of aging of the secondary battery 112 can be expressed by using an index value that correlates with aging such as the internal resistance and capacity of the secondary battery 112, the years of use, and the number of charge / discharge cycles.
- the memory 134 stores charging current characteristic information at normal times corresponding to a plurality of aging deterioration levels of the secondary battery 112 and charging current characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration. Specifically, a plurality of ranges with different degrees of aging of the secondary battery 112 are set, and charging current characteristic information at normal time and charging current characteristic information at deep discharge deterioration corresponding to each range are stored. .
- the capacity difference ⁇ SO corresponding to the specified current value KI of the SOC-charging current characteristic is set to be smaller as the degree of aging corresponding to each range is larger. Thereby, the SOC of the secondary battery 112 can be estimated in consideration of the influence of the secondary battery 112 due to aging.
- the charging current characteristic information at normal time and the charging current characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration corresponding to each range may be acquired in a specific range if they can be acquired in advance using secondary batteries having different degrees of aging deterioration. You may acquire by correction
- FIG. 24A is an explanatory diagram showing the SOC-chargeable power characteristic of the secondary battery 112.
- the rechargeable power means power that can be charged before the secondary battery 112 reaches the specified voltage from the current state.
- the chargeable map indicating the SOC-chargeable power characteristic varies depending on the temperature of the secondary battery 112.
- FIG. 24A shows a chargeable map when the temperature of the secondary battery 112 is 25 ° C.
- each memory 134 for each temperature, correspondence information of a chargeable map (hereinafter referred to as “normal chargeable characteristic information”) in a secondary battery in which no deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, Corresponding information of a chargeable map in a secondary battery in which transient deterioration has occurred (hereinafter referred to as “chargeable characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration”) is stored in advance.
- normal chargeable characteristic information a chargeable map in a secondary battery in which no deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred
- chargeable characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration is stored in advance.
- control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is chargeable power is different in the characteristic information used compared to the control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is OCV. That is, when it is determined that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred, the secondary battery 112 is controlled by the reference control method (S530 in FIG. 22). Is used to control the secondary battery 112. For example, when the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified value KS, the CPU 132 estimates that the chargeable power value of the secondary battery 112 becomes PW7A.
- the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 by the deterioration control method (S540 in FIG. 22), specifically, the deep discharge deterioration.
- the secondary battery 112 is controlled using the chargeable characteristic information at the time. For example, when the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified value KS, the CPU 132 estimates that the chargeable power value of the secondary battery 112 becomes PW8A.
- the chargeable map at the time of deep discharge deterioration has shifted to the low power side with respect to the chargeable map at the normal time in the entire SOC region.
- the PW8A corresponding to the specified value KS is smaller than the PW7A corresponding to the specified value KS of the normal chargeable characteristic information. Therefore, even when deep discharge transient deterioration occurs, if the chargeable power of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the chargeable characteristic information at the normal time, the estimated chargeable power of the secondary battery 112 is actually two.
- the value is estimated to be larger than the chargeable power of the secondary battery 112, and for example, overcharge or the like may occur.
- the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the chargeable characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration different from the possible characteristic information. Therefore, compared with the case where the chargeable power of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the chargeable characteristic information at the normal time, the value of the chargeable power of the secondary battery 112 can be estimated to be small. Occurrence can be suppressed.
- FIG. 24B is an explanatory diagram showing the SOC-dischargeable power characteristic of the secondary battery 112.
- Dischargeable power means power that can be discharged before the secondary battery 112 reaches a specified voltage from the current state.
- the dischargeable map indicating the SOC-dischargeable power characteristic varies depending on the temperature of the secondary battery 112, similarly to the chargeable map.
- FIG. 24B shows a dischargeable map when the temperature of the secondary battery 112 is 25 ° C.
- each memory 134 for each temperature, correspondence information of a dischargeable map (hereinafter referred to as “normal dischargeable characteristic information”) in a secondary battery in which no deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, Corresponding information of a dischargeable map in a secondary battery in which transient deterioration has occurred (hereinafter referred to as “dischargeable characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration”) is stored in advance.
- normal dischargeable characteristic information a dischargeable map in a secondary battery in which no deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred
- dischargeable characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration is stored in advance.
- control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is dischargeable power differs from the characteristic information used in comparison with the control method of the secondary battery 112 when the state value is OCV. That is, when it is determined that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred, the secondary battery 112 is controlled by the reference control method (S530 in FIG. 22), specifically, the dischargeable characteristic information at the normal time. Is used to control the secondary battery 112. For example, when the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 reaches the specified value KS, the CPU 132 estimates that the dischargeable power value of the secondary battery 112 becomes PW7B.
- the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the CPU 132 controls the secondary battery 112 by the deterioration control method (S540 in FIG. 22), specifically, the deep discharge deterioration.
- the secondary battery 112 is controlled using the dischargeable characteristic information at the time. For example, when the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 reaches the specified value KS, the CPU 132 estimates that the dischargeable power value of the secondary battery 112 is PW8B.
- the dischargeable map at the time of deep discharge deterioration is shifted to the high power side with respect to the normal dischargeable map in all SOC regions.
- the PW8B corresponding to the specified value KS is larger than the PW7B corresponding to the specified value KS of the normal dischargeable characteristic information. Therefore, when the dischargeable power of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the dischargeable characteristic information in the normal state even when the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, the estimated dischargeable power of the secondary battery 112 is actually two. It is estimated to be a value smaller than the dischargeable power of the secondary battery 112, and for example, there is a risk of overdischarge or the like.
- the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the dischargeable characteristic information at the time of deep discharge deterioration different from the possible characteristic information. Therefore, compared with the case where the dischargeable power of the secondary battery 112 is estimated using the dischargeable characteristic information at the normal time, the value of the dischargeable power of the secondary battery 112 can be estimated to be large, such as overdischarge. Occurrence can be suppressed.
- Sixth embodiment 25 to 27C show a sixth embodiment.
- 6th Embodiment shows the equalization method of a secondary battery among the control methods of a secondary battery when generation
- the secondary battery equalization method is executed after the CCCV charging of the secondary battery is completed, and discharges each cell 114 individually to equalize the electric capacity stored in each cell 114.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing the flow of the equalization process of the secondary battery. For example, when the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle, the secondary battery equalization process is started at the timing when the electric vehicle is connected to the charger 200 such as a charging stand.
- the CPU 132 acquires the SOC value of each cell 114 (S610), and determines whether deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in each cell 114 (S620). Specifically, the CPU 132 determines whether or not the obtained SOC value of each cell 114 is equal to or less than a preset threshold value using the deep discharge transient deterioration detection method of the first embodiment. To do.
- FIG. 26A to FIG. 26C and FIG. 27A to FIG. 27C are explanatory diagrams showing electric capacities that can be stored until the terminal voltage ⁇ V of each of the cells 114A to 114C reaches the charging end voltage EV.
- the electric capacity actually stored in the cells 114A to 114C is shown.
- the electric capacities actually stored in the respective cells 114A to 114C do not coincide with each other, and a difference in electric capacities, that is, a balance deviation occurs. There is. As shown in FIG.
- the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred (S620: NO). In this case, the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S640 without specifying the cell 114 in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred.
- the CPU 132 determines that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S620: YES), The cell 114A in which the discharge transient deterioration has occurred is specified (S630).
- the terminal voltage ⁇ V can be stored before reaching the charge end voltage EV due to the influence of the deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the electrical capacity is decreasing.
- the CPU 132 causes the charger 200 to charge the secondary battery 112 (S640).
- the CPU 132 ends the charging of the secondary battery 112 when the individual discharge execution condition is satisfied, for example, the terminal voltage ⁇ V of at least one of the cells 114A to 114C reaches the charging end voltage EV.
- the terminal voltage ⁇ V of the cell 114B reaches the charging end voltage EV and the charging of the secondary battery 112 is finished.
- the terminal voltage ⁇ V of the cell 114A reaches the charging end voltage EV.
- the charging of the secondary battery 112 is finished.
- the CPU 132 detects whether or not deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 (S650). Specifically, the CPU 132 detects whether or not deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 in the process of S650, and determines that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred. If not (S650: NO), as shown by an arrow 170 in FIG. 26C, the CPU 132 converts the electric capacity stored in the cell 114B in which the terminal voltage ⁇ V has reached the charge end voltage EV into the corresponding discharge circuit 126. Discharge using Thereby, the electric capacity stored in each of the cells 114A to 114C is equalized (S660).
- the CPU 132 causes the discharge unit 124 to execute each cell even if there is a cell 114 that satisfies the individual discharge execution condition.
- the electric capacities 114A to 114C are not discharged (S670).
- the electric capacity of each of the cells 114A to 114C is not discharged by the discharge unit 124. That is, it remains in the state of FIG. 27B. Therefore, the cell 114A in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred is discharged, and an increase in the difference in electric capacity stored in each of the cells 114A to 114C is suppressed.
- Seventh embodiment 28A to 28C show a seventh embodiment.
- 7th Embodiment shows the equalization method of a secondary battery when generation
- the difference from the sixth embodiment is in the cell 114 that is the target of the equalization method, and the other points are the same as in the sixth embodiment. Accordingly, the same portions as those in the sixth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- FIG. 28A to FIG. 28C are explanatory diagrams showing electric capacities that can be stored before the terminal voltage ⁇ V of each of the cells 114A to 114C reaches the charging end voltage EV.
- the CPU 132 identifies the cell in which deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred. For 114A, the capacitance is not discharged. On the other hand, for cells 114B and 114C identified as having no deep discharge transient deterioration, CPU 132 discharges using corresponding discharge circuit 126 as indicated by arrow 176, and cells 114B and 114C are discharged. To equalize the electrical capacity stored in
- the discharge of the cell 114A identified as having undergone the deep discharge transient deterioration is stopped.
- the cell 114A identified as having undergone deep discharge transient deterioration is discharged, and an increase in the difference in electric capacity stored in each of the cells 114A to 114C is suppressed.
- the electric capacity is equalized for the cells 114B and 114C specified that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred, the difference between the electric capacities stored in the cells 114A to 114C is reduced. be able to.
- the eighth embodiment is a deep discharge transient when the occurrence of deep discharge transient degradation is detected by any one of the deep discharge transient degradation detection methods from the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment.
- a method for suppressing deterioration will be described.
- the secondary battery in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred is compared with the secondary battery in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred.
- the influence of deep discharge transient deterioration appears, for example, the correspondence between the state value indicating the state of the secondary battery and the SOC changes. Therefore, when deep discharge transient deterioration occurs, it is desired to suppress the influence of deep discharge transient deterioration, for example, to suppress a temporary decrease in performance of the secondary battery.
- the inventor of the present application has devised a secondary battery suppression process for suppressing the influence of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- this secondary battery suppression process the progress of deep discharge transient deterioration is suppressed using a charge rate that means the magnitude of the charging current when CC charging the secondary battery.
- a charge rate that means the magnitude of the charging current when CC charging the secondary battery.
- FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing the SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery 112.
- FIG. 30 shows SOC-charge voltage characteristics when the secondary battery 112 is charged to SOC 80% at each charge rate from 0.03 C to 3 C and then charged by 1 C after deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred.
- the “1C charging rate” means a charging rate for charging the secondary battery 112 in one hour from a fully discharged state to a fully charged state. For example, when the charging capacity of the secondary battery 112 is 60 Ah The battery is charged with a charging current of 60A.
- FIG. 31 shows the amount of decrease in SOC (hereinafter referred to as “ ⁇ SOC”)-charge rate characteristics when the specified voltage is reached at each charge rate in FIG.
- ⁇ SOC the amount of decrease in SOC
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart showing the flow of the suppression process for the secondary battery 112.
- the suppression process of the secondary battery 112 is started at a timing when a predetermined start instruction is input (for example, a timing when the ignition is turned on when the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle).
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the SOC value (S710). Based on the obtained SOC value, the CPU 132 determines whether or not deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 (S720). Specifically, the CPU 132 determines whether or not the acquired SOC value is equal to or less than a threshold value, as in the deep discharge transient deterioration detection method of the first embodiment. When the obtained SOC value is larger than the threshold value, the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred (S720: NO). In this case, the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S740 without storing that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred.
- the CPU 132 determines that deep discharge transient degradation has occurred (S720: YES), and that deep discharge transient degradation has occurred. Is stored (S730). Specifically, the memory 134 stores a deep discharge flag indicating that the deep discharge transient degradation has occurred, and the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient degradation has occurred. The deep discharge flag is switched from OFF to ON.
- the CPU 132 determines whether the battery pack 100 is connected to the charger 200 via the communication interface 136 (S740). When determining that the battery pack 100 is not connected to the charger 200 (S740: NO), the CPU 132 returns to the process of S710. On the other hand, when it is determined that the battery pack 100 is connected to the charger 200 (S740: YES), the CPU 132 detects whether or not the discharge transient deterioration has been stored (S750). ).
- the CPU 132 confirms the state of the deep discharge flag.
- the CPU 132 detects that the discharge transient deterioration has not been stored, that is, it has not been determined that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred. (S750: NO).
- the CPU 132 instructs the control unit 220 of the charger 200 to CC charge the secondary battery 112 at a predetermined first charging rate R1 (S760).
- the first charging rate R1 is set to a charging rate larger than the 1.5C charging rate, and specifically set to the 2C charging rate. For example, when the charging capacity of the secondary battery 112 is 60 Ah, the secondary battery 112 is charged with a charging current of 120 A in 30 minutes from the fully discharged state to the fully charged state at the 2C charging rate. Since the charging rate in the constant current charging is larger than the 1.5C charging rate, the time required for charging the secondary battery 112 can be shortened.
- the CPU 132 when the deep discharge flag is on, the CPU 132 stores that the discharge transient deterioration has occurred, that is, has detected that it has been determined that the discharge transient deterioration has occurred. (S750: YES). In this case, the CPU 132 instructs the control unit 220 of the charger 200 to CC charge the secondary battery 112 at a predetermined second charging rate R2 (S770).
- the second charging rate R2 is set lower than the first charging rate R1 and not more than 1.5C charging rate. Specifically, the second charging rate R2 is preferably set to be equal to or lower than the 0.5C charging rate. Specifically, the second charging rate R2 is set to a 0.2C charging rate that is 1/10 of the first charging rate R1. Yes. For example, when the charging capacity of the secondary battery 112 is 60 Ah, the secondary battery 112 is charged from the fully discharged state to the fully charged state with a charging current of 12 A in 5 hours at the 0.2 C charging rate.
- the secondary battery 112 when the secondary battery 112 is discharged until the SOC value becomes equal to or lower than the threshold value, it is lower than the first charging rate R1 when the secondary battery 112 is not discharged until the SOC value becomes lower than the threshold value.
- the secondary battery 112 is CC charged at a small second charging rate R2. For this reason, even when the battery is discharged until it becomes equal to or lower than the threshold, the progress of the deep discharge transient deterioration can be suppressed as compared with the case where the secondary battery 112 is charged at the first charge rate R1.
- the slope in the region below the 1.5C charge rate is larger than the slope in the region larger than the 1.5C charge rate. Therefore, when the second charge rate R2 is set to be equal to or lower than the 1.5C charge rate, the amount of decrease in ⁇ SOC with respect to the decrease in the charge rate is smaller than when the charge rate is set higher than the 1.5C charge rate. Large, easy to suppress the progress of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the slope in the region below the 0.5C charge rate is larger than the 0.5C charge rate and larger than the slope in the region below the 1.5C charge rate. Therefore, by setting the second charge rate R2 to be equal to or lower than the 0.5C charge rate, the amount of decrease in ⁇ SOC with respect to the decrease in the charge rate is smaller than when the charge rate is set higher than the 0.5C charge rate. Large, easy to suppress the progress of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the second charging rate R2 is set to 1/10 of the first charging rate R1, and is less than 1/5 of the first charging rate R1. Is set. Therefore, it is easy to suppress the progress of the deep discharge transient deterioration as compared with the case where the charging rate is set to be higher than 1/5 of the first charging rate R1.
- the ninth embodiment is a deep discharge transient when the occurrence of a deep discharge transient deterioration is detected by any one of the detection methods of the deep discharge transient deterioration from the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment. Describes how to eliminate degradation. As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the secondary battery in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred is compared with the secondary battery in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred. The influence of deep discharge transient deterioration appears, for example, the correspondence between the state value indicating the state of the secondary battery and the SOC changes. Therefore, when deep discharge transient degradation occurs, it is desired to eliminate deep discharge transient degradation, for example, to eliminate temporary performance degradation of the secondary battery.
- the inventor of the present application has devised a method for recovering a secondary battery in order to eliminate deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the secondary battery is charged until the SOC becomes 91% or more to eliminate the deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- FIG. 33 shows the SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery 112 that has not experienced full charge after the deep discharge transient deterioration, and the SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery 112 that has experienced full charge. It is explanatory drawing which shows. As shown in FIG. 33, the SOC-charge voltage characteristic of the secondary battery 112 that has not experienced full charge is that of the secondary battery 112 in which ⁇ SOC is 5% or more and deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred. It can be seen that the SOC-charge voltage characteristics are different.
- the SOC-charge voltage characteristic of the secondary battery 112 that has been fully charged is substantially the same as the SOC-charge voltage characteristic of the secondary battery 112 in which ⁇ SOC is less than 1% and no deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred. Match. From this result, it is understood that the secondary battery 112 in which the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred can be eliminated by experiencing the full charge after the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred. .
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing a flow of recovery processing of the secondary battery 112.
- the recovery process of the secondary battery 112 is started at a timing when a predetermined start instruction is input (for example, a timing when the ignition is turned on when the battery pack 100 is provided in an electric vehicle).
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the SOC value (S810).
- the CPU 132 determines whether or not deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 based on the obtained SOC value (S820). Specifically, the CPU 132 determines whether or not the acquired SOC value is equal to or less than a threshold value, as in the deep discharge transient deterioration detection method of the first embodiment. When the obtained SOC value is larger than the threshold value, the CPU 132 determines that the deep discharge transient deterioration has not occurred (S820: NO). In this case, the CPU 132 proceeds to the process of S840 without storing that the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred.
- the CPU 132 determines that deep discharge transient degradation has occurred (S820: YES), and that deep discharge transient degradation has occurred. Is stored (S830).
- the CPU 132 determines whether the battery pack 100 is connected to the charger 200 via the communication interface 136 (S840). When determining that the battery pack 100 is not connected to the charger 200 (S840: NO), the CPU 132 returns to the process of S810. On the other hand, when determining that the battery pack 100 is connected to the charger 200 (S840: YES), the CPU 132 detects whether or not the discharge transient deterioration has been stored (S850).
- the CPU 132 sets the secondary battery 112 in the control unit 220 of the charger 200 to a predetermined capacity, for example, the secondary battery 112. The battery is instructed to be charged until the SOC value reaches 80% (S860).
- the CPU 132 when it is stored that the discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S850: YES), the CPU 132 fully charges the secondary battery 112 in the control unit 220 of the charger 200, that is, the secondary battery 112 An instruction is given to charge until the SOC value reaches 100% (S870), and the memory where the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred is deleted (S880). Specifically, the CPU 132 switches the deep discharge flag from on to off.
- the secondary battery 112 when deep discharge transient deterioration occurs, the secondary battery 112 is charged until it is fully charged. Thereby, the influence of deep discharge transient deterioration can be eliminated.
- Tenth embodiment 34 to 37 show a tenth embodiment.
- the tenth embodiment shows a method for eliminating deep discharge transient degradation when occurrence of deep discharge transient degradation is detected.
- the difference from the ninth embodiment is the SOC value reached by the secondary battery upon completion of charging, and the other points are the same as in the ninth embodiment. Accordingly, the same portions as those in the ninth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing the flow of recovery processing of the secondary battery 112 of the present embodiment.
- the CPU 132 stores the fact that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S850: YES) in the control unit 220 of the charger 200.
- the secondary battery 112 is instructed to be charged until the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 reaches 91% or more (S910), and the memory where the deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred is deleted (S880).
- the recovery process according to the ninth embodiment is that the maximum SOC value may be less than 100% if the maximum SOC value reached by the secondary battery 112 by charging is 91% or more. And different.
- CPU 132 obtains the value of the maximum SOC reached by the secondary battery 112 (S920). Specifically, CPU 132 acquires the SOC value after outputting the instruction in S910, and acquires the SOC when charging of secondary battery 112 is completed. Further, the CPU 132 measures an elapsed time after the secondary battery 112 reaches the maximum SOC, and acquires a holding time held at the maximum SOC (S930). The CPU 132 acquires the degree of deterioration from the acquired maximum SOC and holding time (S940).
- the degree of deterioration is a parameter indicating the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration
- the degree of deterioration of 100% is a state where deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred, that is, deep discharge transient deterioration is completely eliminated. Indicates a state that has not been done.
- a deterioration degree of 0% represents a state in which deep discharge transient deterioration has been eliminated.
- the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112 can be expressed using, for example, ⁇ SOC, and can be expressed as a percentage of ⁇ SOC of the current secondary battery 112 with respect to ⁇ SOC in a state where deep discharge transient deterioration is not eliminated at all. .
- FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram showing a correspondence relationship between the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 112 and the maximum SOC.
- the inventors evaluated the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112 by changing the maximum SOC of the secondary battery 112. As a result, as indicated by a solid line in FIG. 35, the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112 decreases as the maximum SOC of the secondary battery 112 increases, that is, the influence of deep discharge transient deterioration is eliminated. all right. As shown in FIG. 36, this result is stored in the memory 134 as a first table showing the correspondence between the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112 and the maximum SOC.
- the inventors evaluated the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112 by changing the holding time of the secondary battery 112 at the maximum SOC. As a result, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 35, the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 112 with the holding time of 30 minutes is compared with the deterioration degree of the secondary battery 112 with the holding time shown by the solid line being zero. It was confirmed that it decreased by about 20% as shown in FIG.
- the present inventors also evaluated the amount of decrease in the degree of deterioration when the holding time was 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 60 minutes.
- the degree of deterioration is reduced by about 5%
- the degree of deterioration is reduced by about 10%
- the holding time is 60 minutes. It was found that the degree of deterioration was reduced by about 30%.
- the result is stored in the memory 134 as a second table indicating the correspondence between the holding time of the secondary battery 112 and the amount of decrease in the deterioration level.
- the CPU 132 acquires the degree of deterioration from the maximum SOC acquired in S920 and the first table shown in FIG. Based on the first table, the CPU 132 sets the deterioration degree to a lower value as the maximum SOC is larger. Further, the CPU 132 corrects the acquired degree of deterioration from the holding time acquired in S930 and the second table shown in FIG. Based on the second table, the CPU 132 sets the deterioration degree to a lower value as the holding time is longer. Thereby, CPU132 acquires the deterioration degree according to the acquired maximum SOC and holding time.
- the CPU 132 corrects the correspondence between the state value indicating the state of the secondary battery 112 such as the charging voltage and the charging current and the SOC using the acquired degree of deterioration (S950), and controls the secondary battery 112.
- S950 acquired degree of deterioration
- the memory 134 deterioration-time correspondence information indicating the SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery 112 having a degree of deterioration of 100% and normal-time correspondence information indicating the SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery 112 having a degree of deterioration of 0%. From these data, difference information between the deterioration correspondence information and the normal correspondence information is calculated.
- the difference information means, for example, a difference value between the SOC value of the deterioration correspondence information and the SOC value of the normal correspondence information at each charging voltage.
- the CPU 132 calculates correction information by adding the degree of deterioration to the difference information, and calculates correspondence information indicating the current SOC-charge voltage characteristics of the secondary battery 112 from the calculated correction information and normal time correspondence information. .
- the CPU 132 calculates the SOC value of the SOC-charge voltage characteristic of the secondary battery 112 by subtracting the SOC value of the correction information from the SOC value of the normal time correspondence information at each charging voltage.
- CPU 132 controls secondary battery 112 using the calculated SOC-charge voltage characteristic.
- the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration of the secondary battery 112 is evaluated using the degree of deterioration, and the state value and SOC of the secondary battery 112 are calculated using the degree of deterioration. Correct the correspondence. Therefore, the secondary battery 112 can be controlled based on the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112.
- the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112 decreases as the maximum SOC of the secondary battery 112 increases, and decreases as the holding time increases. Therefore, the secondary battery 112 can be controlled on the assumption that the deep discharge transient deterioration has been eliminated as the maximum SOC of the secondary battery 112 is larger and the holding time is longer.
- the BM 130 charges the secondary battery 112 until the SOC of the secondary battery 112 becomes a canceled SOC larger than the specified SOC. Outputs an instruction to the charger 200.
- the BM 130 detects the occurrence of temporary deterioration of the secondary battery 112
- the magnitude relationship between the state value related to the voltage of the secondary battery 112 and a predetermined threshold value satisfies the predetermined condition. You may decide to output the instruction
- the BM 130 has a single CPU 132.
- the configuration of the BM 130 is not limited to this, and includes a configuration including a plurality of CPUs and a hardware circuit such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
- a configuration including both a configuration, a hardware circuit, and a CPU may be used.
- the battery pack 100 includes one battery module 110, but may include a plurality of battery modules 110.
- the secondary battery 112 includes a plurality of cells 114 connected in series, but may include only one cell or may include a plurality of cells connected in parallel.
- lithium iron phosphate is used as the positive electrode active material having the capacity-potential characteristics in which the potential flat portion exists, but other active materials having the same characteristics (for example, Li 3 Fe 2 ( PO 4 ) 3 or Li 2 FeSiO 4 ) may be used.
- other active materials having the same characteristics for example, Li 3 Fe 2 ( PO 4 ) 3 or Li 2 FeSiO 4
- graphite is used as a negative electrode active material, you may use another substance.
- a threshold value may be smaller than 40% and may be larger than 40%.
- the degree of the deep discharge transient deterioration is determined using four parameters such as the depth of discharge, the temperature at the time of deep discharge, the rest time after the deep discharge, and the degree of aging deterioration. It is not necessary to use all these four parameters, and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration may be determined using at least one of the four parameters. In addition to these parameters, other parameters may be used to determine the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the discharge voltage value, OCV, and slope value of the secondary battery 112 are acquired, and the deep discharge transient is obtained with reference to the acquired discharge voltage value, OCV, and slope value.
- the discharge voltage correlation value correlates with the discharge voltage value
- the OCV correlation value correlates with the OCV value
- the slope value may be detected by acquiring and referring to the slope (ratio) correlation value.
- the discharge voltage correlation value include the internal resistance value of the secondary battery 112.
- the OCV correlation value include the internal resistance value and discharge time of the secondary battery 112.
- An example of the slope correlation value is a reciprocal value of the slope value.
- the correspondence information used in S230 includes the discharge voltage value and Correspondence information with the amount of discharge current is not necessary.
- the example in which the equalization process is switched due to the occurrence of the deep discharge transient deterioration has been given.
- the electric capacity actually stored in each of the cells 114A to 114C is estimated from the voltage value of the secondary battery 112 affected by the deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the equalization process is not necessarily switched due to the occurrence of the deep discharge transient deterioration. There is no need.
- the electric capacity actually stored in each of the cells 114A to 114C is estimated from the voltage value of the secondary battery 112 that can be easily obtained, and the deep discharge transient
- the electric capacity actually stored in each of the cells 114A to 114C may be estimated based on the parameter not affected by the deep discharge transient deterioration.
- the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 112 is expressed using ⁇ SOC in the SOC-charge voltage characteristics.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B, a capacity difference ⁇ SO of the SOC value at the time of reaching the specified current value KI of the secondary battery 112 in the SOC-charging current characteristic may be used.
- the deterioration of the secondary battery 112 over time is determined from the relationship between the degree of deterioration over time and the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration (FIGS. 12, 23A, and 23B). It has been explained that the smaller the degree, the greater the degree of deep discharge transient degradation. On the contrary, it is also possible to estimate the degree of aging of the secondary battery 112 (for example, the electric capacity of the secondary battery 112 reduced due to aging) from the degree of deep discharge transient deterioration. Is possible.
- the SOC when the secondary battery 112 is CCCV charged and reaches a specified voltage is measured, and the secondary battery 112 increases as the SOC increases. It can be estimated that the degree of deterioration over time is large.
- the memory 134 stores a correspondence table that associates the SOC when the specified voltage is reached with the degree of aging of the secondary battery 112, and estimates the degree of aging of the secondary battery 112 with reference to the correspondence table. May be.
- the memory 134 also stores a conversion formula for calculating the degree of aging of the secondary battery 112 from the SOC when the specified voltage is reached, and estimates the degree of aging of the secondary battery 112 using the conversion formula. Also good.
- the memory 134 stores a deterioration reference value for determining that the secondary battery 112 has deteriorated over the specified range, and compares the SOC at the time when the specified voltage is reached with the deterioration reference value.
- the secondary battery 112 Although a technique for detecting the occurrence of deep discharge transient deterioration from the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 has been shown, the electric capacity that can be stored in the secondary battery 112 can be estimated by combining these techniques.
- FIG. 38 is a flowchart showing the flow of the capacity estimation process for the secondary battery 112.
- the capacity estimation process of the secondary battery 112 is determined that the SOC of the secondary battery 112 is larger than the threshold value, and that the secondary battery 112 has not undergone deep discharge transient deterioration. (S520: NO in FIG. 22), the control process is executed subsequently.
- a capacity estimation process that is executed following the control process for controlling the secondary battery 112 using the SOC-OCV characteristic will be described.
- the CPU 132 of the BM 130 acquires the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 (S1010). As the SOC value of the secondary battery 112, the SOC value obtained in the estimation process may be used. Next, the CPU 132 charges and discharges the secondary battery 112 so that the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified value KS (S1020), and the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 becomes the specified value KS. The OCV value is acquired (S1030). The CPU 132 acquires an OCV threshold value corresponding to the specified value KS (S1040), and determines whether or not the acquired OCV value is greater than or equal to a preset OCV threshold value (S1050).
- the CPU 132 determines that the acquired OCV value is smaller than the OCV threshold (S1050: NO). In this case, in the estimation process, it is determined whether deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 from the SOC of the secondary battery 112, and in the capacity estimation process, it is determined from the OCV of the secondary battery 112. This is consistent with the result of determining whether or not deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112. Therefore, the CPU 132 determines that the electric capacity that can be stored until the secondary battery 112 reaches the charging end voltage EV has not changed from the electric capacity estimated before the estimation process, such as the initial capacity. Then, the capacity estimation process is terminated without correcting the electric capacity.
- the CPU 132 determines that deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred (S1070). In this case, in the estimation process, it is determined whether deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112 from the SOC of the secondary battery 112, and in the capacity estimation process, it is determined from the OCV of the secondary battery 112. This is different from the result of determining whether or not deep discharge transient deterioration has occurred in the secondary battery 112.
- the CPU 132 corrects the electric capacity of the secondary battery 112 so that the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 estimated in S1010 becomes 0% (S1080). Specifically, the CPU 132 subtracts the electric capacity corresponding to the SOC value of the secondary battery 112 estimated in S1010 from the current electric capacity of the secondary battery 112. Thereby, when the electric capacity of the secondary battery 112 is reduced due to aging or the like, the electric capacity of the secondary battery 112 can be corrected.
- Battery pack 110 Battery module 112: Secondary battery 114, 114A to 114C: Cell 116: Wiring 118, 136, 226: Communication interface (I / F) 120: CS (cell sensor) 122: Voltage sensor 124: Discharge unit 126: Discharge circuit 130: BM (battery manager) 132, 222: CPU (Central Processing Unit) 134, 224: Memory 140: Current sensor 150: Temperature sensor 200: Charger 210: Charging unit 220: Control unit 400: Load
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Abstract
Description
A-1.電池パックの構成:
図1は、第1実施形態の電池パック100の構成を概略的に示す説明図である。電池パック100は、例えば電気自動車(EV)に備えられ、EVを駆動するモータ等の負荷400に電力を供給する。また、電池パック100は、例えば充電スタンドに設置された充電器200によって充電される。電池パック100は、蓄電装置の一例である。
一般に、二次電池の性能は、例えば、二次電池の電極に含まれる活物質が劣化することにより、恒久的に低下する。また、二次電池の性能は、何らかの原因により、一時的に低下することがある。ここで、一時的な性能の低下(以下、「一時的劣化」という)とは、二次電池に対して何らかの回復処理が行われたり二次電池が何らかの状態におかれたりすると解消するような劣化を意味する。例えば、リチウムイオン電池を高出力値で所定時間放電させる動作、または、高入力値で所定時間充電させる動作が繰り返し行われると、ハイレート劣化と呼ばれる電圧が一時的に降下する現象(内部抵抗が上昇する現象)が生じることが知られている。
本願発明者は、さらに検討を行い、深放電一過性劣化の程度に影響を与えるパラメータとして、少なくとも以下に説明する4つのパラメータがあることを見出した。
図9は、放電深度と深放電一過性劣化の程度との関係の一例を示す説明図である。図9には、図5に示した条件2において、放電時のSOC最低値を0%から60%の範囲で変化させた(すなわち、放電深度を変化させた)ときの、SOC80%からの充電電圧の推移の一部を示している。図9に示すように、SOC最低値が低いほど(放電深度が大きいほど)、早く規定電圧に到達する(規定電圧到達時のSOCが低くなる)。この結果から、SOC最低値が低いほど(放電深度が大きいほど)、深放電一過性劣化の程度が大きいと判定できることがわかる。
図10は、深放電中の温度と深放電一過性劣化の程度との関係の一例を示す説明図である。図10には、図5に示した条件2において、深放電中の温度を5℃から25℃の範囲で変化させたときの、SOC80%からの充電電圧の推移の一部を示している。図10に示すように、深放電中の温度が低いほど、早く規定電圧に到達する(規定電圧到達時のSOCが低くなる)。この結果から、深放電中の温度が低いほど、深放電一過性劣化の程度が大きいと判定できることがわかる。
図11は、深放電後の休止時間と深放電一過性劣化の程度との関係の一例を示す説明図である。図11には、図5に示した条件2において、SOC80%の状態での休止時間を0時間(休止なし)から16時間の範囲で変化させたときの、SOC80%からの充電電圧の推移の一部を示している。図11に示すように、深放電後の休止時間が長いほど、早く規定電圧に到達する(規定電圧到達時のSOCが低くなる)。この結果から、深放電後の休止時間が長いほど、深放電一過性劣化の程度が大きいと判定できることがわかる。
図12は、経年劣化の程度と深放電一過性劣化の程度との関係の一例を示す説明図である。図12には、新品のセルと経年劣化品のセルとを用いて、図5に示した条件2の試験を行ったときのSOC80%からの充電電圧の推移の一部を示している。図12に示すように、経年劣化品のセルと比べて新品のセルの方が、早く規定電圧に到達する(規定電圧到達時のSOCが低くなる)。この結果から、経年劣化の程度が小さいほど、深放電一過性劣化の程度が大きいと判定できることがわかる。なお、セルの経年劣化の程度は、例えば、セルの内部抵抗や容量、使用年数、充放電サイクル数といった経年劣化に関連する指標値を用いて表すことができる。
本願発明者は、上述した4つのパラメータを用いて、深放電一過性劣化の程度の判定方法を考案した。図13は、深放電一過性劣化の程度の判定方法の一例を示す説明図である。図13に示す方法では、上述した4つのパラメータのそれぞれについて、各パラメータ値に深放電一過性劣化の程度を示す数値(得点)が割り当てられており、各パラメータについての得点の合計値が大きいほど、深放電一過性劣化の程度が大きいと判定される。例えば、図13においてハッチングを付して示されるように、SOC10%未満まで放電され(5点)、深放電時の温度が10℃から15℃の範囲であり(3点)、深放電後の休止時間が2h未満であり(1点)、セルの経年劣化の程度が中程度である(3点)場合には、深放電一過性劣化の程度を示す得点は20点満点中の12点となる。
本実施形態の電池パック100(図1)のBM130は、二次電池112の深放電一過性劣化の発生を検知する管理処理を実行する。図14は、二次電池の管理処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。二次電池の管理処理は、所定の開始指示が入力されたタイミング(例えば電池パック100が電気自動車に備えられている場合においてイグニッションがオン状態にされたタイミング)で開始される。
図15~図17は第2実施形態を示す。第1実施形態との相違は、深放電一過性劣化の検知方法にあり、その他の点は第1実施形態と同様である。従って、以下、第1実施形態と同じところは同一符号を付して重複する説明を省略し、異なるところのみを説明する。
図18、図19は第3実施形態を示す。第1実施形態との相違は、深放電一過性劣化の検知方法にあり、その他の点は第1実施形態と同様である。従って、以下、第1実施形態と同じところは同一符号を付して重複する説明を省略し、異なるところのみを説明する。
図20、図21は第4実施形態を示す。第1実施形態との相違は、深放電一過性劣化の検知方法にあり、その他の点は第1実施形態と同様である。従って、以下、第1実施形態と同じところは同一符号を付して重複する説明を省略し、異なるところのみを説明する。
第5実施形態は、第1実施形態から第4実施形態までのいずれか1つの深放電一過性劣化の検知方法により深放電一過性劣化の発生が検知された場合の二次電池の制御方法を示す。図5、図6に示すように、深放電一過性劣化が発生した二次電池は、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池と比較して、充電電圧や充電電流などの二次電池の状態を示す状態値とSOCとの対応関係が変化するなど、深放電一過性劣化の影響が表れる。そのため、二次電池を制御する際に、深放電一過性劣化の影響を考慮することが望ましい。
次に、制御処理の具体的な流れを説明する。はじめに、図18、図22を参照して、状態値がOCVである場合の二次電池112の制御方法について説明する。メモリ134には、図18に示すように、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池におけるSOC-OCV特性の対応情報(以下、「通常時のOCV特性情報」という)と、深放電一過性劣化が発生している二次電池におけるSOC-OCV特性の対応情報(以下、「深放電劣化時のOCV特性情報」という)とが、予め記憶されている。本実施形態では、図18に示す2つの深放電劣化時のOCV特性情報のうち、深放電一過性劣化の程度が大きいほうの情報が記憶されている。
次に、図15を参照して、状態値が微小放電時の放電電圧である場合の二次電池112の制御方法について説明する。なお、微小放電は、例えば二次電池112の単位時間当たりの放電電流量が300mA以下であるときの二次電池112の電圧値である。メモリ134には、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池におけるSOC-放電電圧特性の対応情報(以下、「通常時の放電電圧特性情報」という)と、深放電一過性劣化が発生している二次電池におけるSOC-放電電圧の対応情報(以下、「深放電劣化時の放電電圧特性情報」という)とが、予め記憶されている。本実施形態では、図15に示す2つの深放電劣化時のOCV特性情報のうち、深放電一過性劣化の程度が大きいほうの情報が記憶されている。
次に、図23Aを参照して、状態値がCV充電時の充電電流である場合の二次電池112の制御方法について説明する。図23Aは、二次電池112のSOC-充電電流特性を示す説明図である。メモリ134には、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池におけるSOC-充電電流特性の対応情報(以下、「通常時の充電電流特性情報」という)と、深放電一過性劣化が発生している二次電池におけるSOC-充電電流対応情報(以下、「深放電劣化時の充電電流特性情報」という)とが、予め記憶されている。
次に、図24Aを参照して、状態値が充電可能電力である場合の二次電池112の制御方法について説明する。図24Aは、二次電池112のSOC-充電可能電力特性を示す説明図である。なお、充電可能電力は、二次電池112が現在の状態から規定電圧に到達するまでに充電することができる電力を意味する。SOC-充電可能電力特性を示す充電可能マップは、二次電池112の温度により変化する。図24Aには、二次電池112の温度が25℃の場合の充電可能マップを示す。メモリ134には、各温度毎に、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池における充電可能マップの対応情報(以下、「通常時の充電可能特性情報」という)と、深放電一過性劣化が発生している二次電池における充電可能マップの対応情報(以下、「深放電劣化時の充電可能特性情報」という)とが、予め記憶されている。
次に、図24Bを参照して、状態値が放電可能電力である場合の二次電池112の制御方法について説明する。図24Bは、二次電池112のSOC-放電可能電力特性を示す説明図である。なお、放電可能電力は、二次電池112が現在の状態から規定電圧に到達するまでに放電することができる電力を意味する。SOC-放電可能電力特性を示す放電可能マップは、充電可能マップと同様に、二次電池112の温度により変化する。図24Bには、二次電池112の温度が25℃の場合の放電可能マップを示す。メモリ134には、各温度毎に、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池における放電可能マップの対応情報(以下、「通常時の放電可能特性情報」という)と、深放電一過性劣化が発生している二次電池における放電可能マップの対応情報(以下、「深放電劣化時の放電可能特性情報」という)とが、予め記憶されている。
図25~図27Cは第6実施形態を示す。第6実施形態は、深放電一過性劣化の発生が検知された場合の二次電池の制御方法のうち、二次電池の均等化方法を示す。二次電池の均等化方法は、二次電池のCCCV充電終了後に実行され、各セル114を個別に放電して各セル114に蓄えられている電気容量を等しくする方法である。以下では、第1実施形態と同じところは同一符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
図28A~図28Cは第7実施形態を示す。第7実施形態は、深放電一過性劣化の発生が検知された場合の二次電池の均等化方法を示す。第6実施形態との相違は、均等化方法の対象となるセル114にあり、その他の点は第6実施形態と同様である。従って、以下、第6実施形態と同じところは同一符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
第8実施形態は、第1実施形態から第4実施形態までのいずれか1つの深放電一過性劣化の検知方法により深放電一過性劣化の発生が検知された場合の深放電一過性劣化の抑制方法を示す。図5、図6に示すように、深放電一過性劣化が発生した二次電池は、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池と比較して、充電電圧や充電電流などの二次電池の状態を示す状態値とSOCとの対応関係が変化するなど、深放電一過性劣化の影響が表れる。そのため、深放電一過性劣化が発生した場合には、深放電一過性劣化の影響の抑制、例えば二次電池の一時的な性能の低下を抑制することが望まれる。
図32、図33は第9実施形態を示す。第9実施形態は、第1実施形態から第4実施形態までのいずれか1つの深放電一過性劣化の検知方法により深放電一過性劣化の発生が検知された場合の深放電一過性劣化の解消方法を示す。図5、図6に示すように、深放電一過性劣化が発生した二次電池は、深放電一過性劣化が発生していない二次電池と比較して、充電電圧や充電電流などの二次電池の状態を示す状態値とSOCとの対応関係が変化するなど、深放電一過性劣化の影響が表れる。そのため、深放電一過性劣化が発生した場合には、深放電一過性劣化の解消、例えば二次電池の一時的な性能の低下を解消することが望まれる。
図34~図37は第10実施形態を示す。第10実施形態は、深放電一過性劣化の発生が検知された場合の深放電一過性劣化の解消方法を示す。第9実施形態との相違は、充電完了時に二次電池が到達するSOCの値であり、その他の点は第9実施形態と同様である。従って、以下、第9実施形態と同じところは同一符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
本明細書で開示される技術は、上述の実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の形態に変形することができ、例えば次のような変形も可能である。例えば、上記実施形態では、BM130は、1つのCPU132を有する構成であるが、BM130の構成はこれに限らず、複数のCPUを備える構成や、ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)などのハード回路を備える構成、ハード回路およびCPUの両方を備える構成でもよい。
110:電池モジュール
112:二次電池
114、114A~114C:セル
116:配線
118、136、226:通信インターフェース(I/F)
120:CS(セルセンサ)
122:電圧センサ
124:放電部
126:放電回路
130:BM(バッテリーマネージャー)
132、222:CPU(中央処理装置)
134、224:メモリ
140:電流センサ
150:温度センサ
200:充電器
210:充電ユニット
220:制御ユニット
400:負荷
Claims (12)
- 容量と電位との関係において電位平坦部が存在する特性を持つ活物質を有する電極を備える二次電池の管理装置であって、
前記二次電池のSOCに関連するSOC関連値を取得し、取得された前記SOC関連値に対応する前記SOCが予め定められた規定SOC以下である場合に、または、前記二次電池の電圧に関する状態値を取得し、取得された前記二次電池の電圧に関する状態値と予め定められた閾値との大小関係が所定条件を満たす場合に、前記二次電池の一時的な劣化の発生を検知する管理部を備える、
二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記管理部は、取得された前記SOC関連値に対応する前記SOCが低いほど、前記一時的な劣化の程度が大きいと判定する、
請求項1に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記二次電池の電圧に関する状態値は、前記二次電池が定電流放電しているときの前記二次電池の電圧値に関連する放電電圧関連値であり、前記閾値は、第1電圧閾値であり、
前記管理部は、取得された前記放電電圧関連値に対応する前記電圧値が前記第1電圧閾値以上である場合に、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知する、
請求項1に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記二次電池の電圧に関する状態値は、前記二次電池の電圧が規定電圧に達する際におけるSOCまたは容量の変化量に対する前記二次電池の電圧の変化量の比に関連する比関連値であり、前記閾値は、比閾値であり、
前記管理部は、取得された前記比関連値に対応する前記比または前記比の逆数と前記比閾値との大小関係を用いて、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知する、
請求項1に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記管理部は、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知した場合に、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知しない場合の基準制御方法とは異なる劣化時制御方法で前記二次電池を制御する、
請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記管理部は、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知した場合、前記二次電池を、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知しない場合と比較して、低い充電レートで充電させるように充電装置に対する指示を出力する、
請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記管理部は、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知した場合、前記二次電池のSOCが前記規定SOCよりも大きい解消SOCとなるまで、または、前記二次電池の電圧が規定電圧よりも大きい解消電圧となるまで、前記二次電池を充電させるように充電装置に対する指示を出力する、
請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記解消SOCは、91%以上である、
請求項7に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記解消SOCは、100%である、
請求項8に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記管理部は、前記一時的な劣化の程度を示す劣化度であり、前記一時的な劣化の発生を検知した際の状態を100%、前記一時的な劣化が解消された状態を0%とした前記劣化度により前記二次電池を制御し、前記二次電池のSOCが前記解消SOC以上となるまで前記二次電池を充電させた場合に前記二次電池が到達した最大のSOCである最大SOCを取得し、前記最大SOCが大きいほど、前記劣化度を低い値に設定する、
請求項8または請求項9に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 前記管理部は、前記二次電池が前記最大SOCで保持された保持時間を取得し、前記保持時間が長いほど、前記劣化度を低い値に設定する、
請求項10に記載の二次電池の管理装置。 - 容量と電位との関係において電位平坦部が存在する特性を持つ活物質を有する電極を備える二次電池の管理方法であって、
前記二次電池のSOCに関連するSOC関連値を取得し、取得された前記SOC関連値に対応する前記SOCが予め定められた閾値以下である場合に、または、前記二次電池の電圧に関する状態値を取得し、取得された前記二次電池の電圧に関する状態値と予め定められた閾値との大小関係が所定条件を満たす場合に、前記二次電池の一時的な劣化の発生を検知する、
二次電池の管理方法。
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- 2015-11-13 DE DE112015005213.5T patent/DE112015005213T5/de active Pending
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Also Published As
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US20170371000A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
JP6610558B2 (ja) | 2019-11-27 |
US10557893B2 (en) | 2020-02-11 |
DE112015005213T5 (de) | 2017-08-24 |
CN107076803A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
JPWO2016079964A1 (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
CN107076803B (zh) | 2021-07-13 |
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