WO2016076277A1 - 酸素発生用アノード - Google Patents
酸素発生用アノード Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016076277A1 WO2016076277A1 PCT/JP2015/081518 JP2015081518W WO2016076277A1 WO 2016076277 A1 WO2016076277 A1 WO 2016076277A1 JP 2015081518 W JP2015081518 W JP 2015081518W WO 2016076277 A1 WO2016076277 A1 WO 2016076277A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- cathode
- oxygen
- group
- hydride
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
- C01B13/0207—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
- C07C29/19—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds in six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C29/20—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds in six-membered aromatic rings in a non-condensed rings substituted with hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxygen generating anode (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “anode”), and more specifically, it can be suitably used for an organic chemical hydride electrosynthesis apparatus, and can generate oxygen with low overvoltage and stably operating. Relates to the anode.
- anode oxygen generating anode
- Japan's power consumption is about 1,000 TWh per year, but since thermal power generation is also responsible for nuclear power generation, the ratio of thermal power generation has reached 90%.
- the spread of renewable energy such as solar power, wind power, hydropower, and geothermal power generation is desired as a new energy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
- the amount of generated power is about 1% of the total. Only.
- Japan is blessed with water resources, it is difficult to say that it is suitable for solar and wind power, and it is currently necessary to rely on the transportation and storage of energy from abroad.
- relaxation of short-term output fluctuations due to wind power generation and large-scale solar power generation is considered, it is difficult to apply to medium-to-long-period output fluctuation relaxation and large-scale energy transportation.
- the organic chemical hydride refers to a substance converted into a hydrogenated aromatic compound such as methylcyclohexane by a hydrogenation reaction in which an aromatic compound such as toluene is reacted with hydrogen.
- the organic compound used as a raw material can be stored and transported as an energy carrier instead of hydrogen by electrochemical hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the generated organic chemical hydride.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an electrolytic cell that reduces an organic compound having an unsaturated bond.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 propose an apparatus for producing hydrogen from an organic compound using a membrane separation apparatus.
- Patent Document 4 proposes an apparatus for producing hydrogen from an organic compound and supplying it to a fuel cell.
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 propose methods for electrolytic oxidation and reduction of organic compounds.
- Patent Document 7 discloses an oxygen generating anode having an anode catalyst layer made of iridium (Ir) and tantalum (Ta). Further, Patent Document 8 discloses an anode in which such components improve the durability by giving a concentration gradient in the cross-sectional direction. Furthermore, Patent Document 9 discloses a technique in which a valve metal oxide layer is formed on a catalyst layer made of Ir and Ta, and oxygen generation is preferentially advanced in an aqueous solution containing impurities such as organic substances. Patent Documents 10 and 11 disclose that a high-performance anode can be obtained by performing heat treatment of a catalyst having similar components twice at different temperatures.
- the above patent document relates to an anode for oxygen generation used in electrolysis processes such as plating and electrowinning, and is intentionally added to improve the quality of the product, or unavoidably used as a raw material. It is effective in suppressing the deterioration of the anode due to the existing organic matter.
- a cathode chamber into which an organic substance such as toluene flows is disposed in an anode chamber that oxidizes water to generate protons, with a diaphragm interposed therebetween. It is inevitable that organic matter flows into the anode chamber. In such an electrolytic process, what kind of anode for oxygen generation is suitable has not been sufficiently studied.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an anode for oxygen generation that can be suitably used in an organic chemical hydride electrosynthesis apparatus and that operates stably with a small overvoltage.
- the oxygen generating anode of the present invention is an oxygen generating anode that generates oxygen in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution in which a hydride is dissolved at a concentration higher than 1 mg / L.
- the anode base material is made of a valve metal, and the surface of the anode base material is selected from the group consisting of at least one of iridium oxide, nitride and carbide, and elements of Groups 4, 5, and 13 of the periodic table.
- a layer of an anode catalyst containing at least one oxide, nitride, and carbide of at least one metal is formed.
- the oxygen generating anode of the present invention it is preferable that at least one metal selected from the group consisting of elements of Groups 4, 5 and 13 of the periodic table is tantalum. In the oxygen generating anode of the present invention, it is preferable that zirconium is further contained in at least one metal selected from the group consisting of elements of Groups 4, 5, and 13 of the periodic table.
- the iridium content in the anode catalyst is selected from the group consisting of iridium oxides, nitrides, carbides, Group 4, 5 and 13 elements of the periodic table. The content is preferably 33 to 90% by mass with respect to the total of at least one metal oxide, nitride and carbide.
- an intermediate layer made of titanium and tantalum is formed between the surface of the anode base material and the layer of the anode catalyst.
- the anode for oxygen generation of the present invention can be suitably used for an organic chemical hydride electrosynthesis apparatus in which the hydride is toluene and the main product is methylcyclohexane.
- the anode for oxygen generation which can be used suitably for an organic-chemical hydride electrosynthesis apparatus and can operate
- move stably with a small overvoltage can be provided.
- FIG. 1 It is an example of sectional drawing of the anode for oxygen generation of this invention, (a) is what provided the anode catalyst layer directly on the anode base material, (b) is between an anode base material and an anode catalyst layer. In which an intermediate layer is formed.
- It is a schematic block diagram of the electrolysis cell for organic chemical hydride manufacture using the anode for oxygen generation concerning one suitable embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the electric potential at the time of performing electrolysis using the anode of Example 10, and current density dependence. It is a graph which shows the change of the cell voltage in 200-hour continuous electrolysis using the anode of Example 10 and the anode of Example 1.
- the anode substrate is made of a valve metal, and on the surface of the anode substrate, at least one of iridium oxide, nitride and carbide, and periodic tables 4 and 5 are used. And an anode catalyst layer containing at least one oxide, nitride and carbide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group 13 elements.
- At least one metal selected from the group consisting of elements of Groups 4, 5 and 13 of the periodic table is titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb ), Tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In), more preferably at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group 4, 5 and 13 elements of the periodic table Is tantalum, more preferably zirconium.
- the valve metal refers to, for example, aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti) or the like, or an alloy thereof, which easily forms a passive state.
- the anode for oxygen generation of the present invention can be suitably used in an electrolytic cell for producing organic chemical hydride using toluene as a hydride and having a main product of methylcyclohexane.
- the content of Ir in the anode catalyst is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ir oxides, nitrides, carbides, Group 4, 5 and 13 elements of the periodic table.
- the content is preferably 33 to 90% by mass with respect to the total of oxide, nitride and carbide.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a cross-sectional view of an oxygen generating anode according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows an anode substrate directly provided on an anode substrate
- FIG. 1 (b) shows an anode substrate.
- An intermediate layer is formed between the material and the anode catalyst layer.
- the anode 10 of the present invention may form the anode catalyst layer 10b directly on the surface of the anode substrate 10a.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 10c is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, and is composed of Ir oxide, nitride, carbide, Group 4, 5 and 13 elements of the periodic table.
- the anode 10 is preferably formed by forming an anode catalyst layer 10b containing an oxide, nitride and carbide of at least one metal selected from the group so as to be 1 to 40 g / m 2 in terms of Ir per electrode area. Can be used.
- the anode 10 of the present invention in order to avoid an increase in resistance due to bubbles generated during electrolysis and to promote the supply of the electrolyte, it is preferable that the anode 10 is porous and has excellent corrosion resistance against acidic electrolytes. Therefore, a titanium expanded mesh is preferably used as the anode substrate 10a. Since the expanded mesh has a three-dimensional structure after mesh processing, it is desirable to perform smoothing appropriately.
- the optimal expanded mesh thickness range is 0.1 to 2 mm, the center distance in the short direction is 0.1 to 4 mm, the center distance in the long direction is 0.1 to 6 mm, and the aperture ratio is 30 to 70. % Is desirable.
- the anode 10 of the present invention performs dry blasting on the surface of a valve metal, for example, Ti, serving as the anode substrate 10a, and then performs cleaning in an aqueous solution such as 20% sulfuric acid, and then Ir and periodic
- a valve metal for example, Ti
- an aqueous solution such as 20% sulfuric acid
- Ir and periodic By applying a mixed aqueous solution in which at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group 4, 5 and 13 elements of Table 4 is dissolved, and performing a heat treatment at 370 to 550 ° C. in an electric furnace a plurality of times. Can be manufactured.
- the intermediate layer 10c is provided between the surface of the anode substrate 10a and the anode catalyst layer 10b, the surface of the anode substrate 10a is washed after being washed in an aqueous solution such as 20% sulfuric acid.
- the intermediate layer 10c such as a Ti—Ta layer may be formed by an arc ion plating apparatus. Thereafter, a mixed aqueous solution in which at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of Ir and Group 4, 5 and 13 elements of the periodic table is dissolved is applied, and heat treatment is performed at 370 to 550 ° C. in an electric furnace.
- the anode 10 may be manufactured by repeating the operation a plurality of times.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrolytic cell for producing an organic chemical hydride using an anode for oxygen generation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- An electrolysis cell 100 (electrolysis cell 100) for producing an organic chemical hydride according to the present invention includes the anode 10 for oxygen generation according to the present invention, and is also referred to as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (hereinafter referred to as “electrolyte membrane”) having proton conductivity.
- electrolysis cell 100 electrolysis cell 100 for producing an organic chemical hydride according to the present invention includes the anode 10 for oxygen generation according to the present invention, and is also referred to as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (hereinafter referred to as “electrolyte membrane”) having proton conductivity.
- a cathode 12 that is provided on one surface of the electrolyte membrane 11, reduces the hydride to generate a hydride, a cathode chamber 13 that houses the cathode 12 and is supplied with the hydride,
- an anode 10 of the present invention that oxidizes water to generate protons
- an anode chamber 14 that houses the anode 10 and is supplied with an electrolyte.
- the cathode 12 includes a cathode substrate 12a and a cathode catalyst layer 12b formed on the surface thereof.
- the cathode chamber 13 includes an outermost partition plate 13a and a spacer 13b disposed between the peripheral edge of the partition plate 13a and the electrolyte membrane 11, and the partition plate 13a and the cathode 12 A cathode support 12c is interposed between the two.
- the anode chamber 14 includes an outermost partition plate 14 a and a spacer 14 b disposed between the peripheral edge portion of the partition plate 14 a and the electrolyte membrane 11.
- an anode supporting elastic body 10 d is disposed between the partition plate 14 a and the anode 10
- an anode spacer 15 is disposed between the anode 10 and the electrolyte membrane 11.
- a hydride inlet 16 is provided at the lower part of the cathode chamber 13, and a hydride outlet 17 is provided at the upper part.
- An acidic electrolyte inlet 18 is provided at the lower part of the anode chamber 14. Is provided with an acidic electrolyte outlet 19.
- the electrolyte membrane 11 is formed of a material (ionomer) having proton conductivity, and selectively conducts protons while mixing and diffusing substances between the cathode 12 and the anode 10. Suppress.
- the thickness of the electrolyte membrane 11 is preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, and most preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the electrolyte membrane 11 is less than 5 ⁇ m, the barrier property of the electrolyte membrane 11 is lowered, and cross leakage tends to occur. On the other hand, if the thickness of the electrolyte membrane 11 is greater than 300 ⁇ m, the ion migration resistance becomes excessive, which is not preferable.
- the cathode 12 can be composed of a cathode base material 12a and a cathode catalyst layer 12b.
- a fiber sintered body such as cloth or paper made of carbon which is a porous conductive base material can be used.
- the reason for making the porous conductive substrate is that it is preferable to have an appropriate porosity and maintain sufficient electrical conductivity for the supply and removal of gas and liquid.
- the carbon cloth is made of a bundle of several hundreds of carbon fibers having a diameter of several ⁇ m and is made of woven fabric, but is preferable as the cathode substrate 12a because of its excellent gas-liquid permeability.
- Carbon paper is obtained by using carbon raw material fibers as a thin film precursor by a paper manufacturing method and sintering it, and this can also be suitably used. If power is supplied directly to this carbon conductive substrate, the insufficient conductivity will cause local concentration of current, and locally concentrated current will be supplied to the gas diffusion layer and reaction layer, reducing the electrolysis efficiency. However, the current can be uniformly supplied to the conductive substrate by coexisting the metal component.
- Cathode catalyst As the cathode catalyst, metal particles selected from platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), Ir, or an alloy thereof can be used. These may use commercially available particles, but may be synthesized according to a known method and used. For example, for the synthesis, a wet method in which a reducing agent is mixed with an aqueous solution in which catalytic metal ions are dissolved may be employed, or a dry method such as vapor deposition or sputtering may be employed. The particle size of the cathode catalyst particles is preferably 0.001 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the cathode catalyst particles do not necessarily have to be supported on the cathode base material 12a, but the surface area of the catalyst can be effectively expanded by using carbon particles as carrier particles and spreading them on the particles.
- Carbon fine particles are usually used as the carrier particles, and furnace black, acetylene black, and the like can be used.
- the particle size of the carbon fine particles is preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the conductive powder in the reaction layer has a function of suppressing aggregation of hydrophilic catalyst particles.
- Cathode production There is no restriction
- FIG. For example, catalyst component powder, hydrophobic resin, water, a solvent such as naphtha, and ionomer Nafion (registered trademark) dispersion DE521 (manufactured by DuPont) are mixed, and the mass after drying is 1:10 with the mass of carbon in the catalyst.
- a catalyst ink for coating is prepared using a suitable solvent by adding to a ratio of ⁇ 10: 1. Thereafter, the catalyst ink may be applied to the cathode substrate 12a, and the cathode catalyst particles may be fixed to the cathode substrate 12a by drying and baking.
- the ionomer of the Nafion dispersion is effective for maintaining an electron transfer reaction in a non-conductive organic hydrogen compound inside the porous structure.
- Hydrophobic resin fluorine component
- the particle size of the powder is preferably 0.005 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a cathode catalyst layer may be formed on the electrolyte membrane 11 using a catalyst ink component.
- a cathode catalyst layer may be formed on one surface of the electrolyte membrane 11 by a bar coater coating method to form a cathode-electrolyte membrane composite.
- This catalyst ink is spray-applied on the electrolyte membrane 11 so that the total mass of Pt and Ru in the catalyst is 0.5 mg / cm 2 per electrode area, and the solvent component in the ink is dried.
- Membrane-catalyst assemblies can also be obtained.
- the cathode base material 12a is used by applying pressure in the thickness direction, it is not preferable that the conductivity in the thickness direction changes due to this.
- the press working is performed in order to increase the conductivity by compressing the carbon material and stabilize the filling rate and the change in conductivity when used under pressure.
- An improvement in the degree of bonding between the cathode catalyst layer 12b and the cathode base material 12a also contributes to an improvement in conductivity.
- the supply capacity of the raw material and the ability to remove the generated material are increased by compressing the cathode base material 12a and the reaction layer and improving the bonding degree between the cathode catalyst layer 12b and the cathode base material 12a.
- a known apparatus such as a hot press or a hot roller can be used.
- the pressing conditions are preferably room temperature to 360 ° C. and a pressure of 0.1 to 5 MPa.
- the cathode 12 having high conductivity and reactivity can be manufactured.
- a partition plate 13a having electron conductivity is disposed at the outermost part of the cathode chamber 13 of the electrolysis cell 100 according to the present invention shown in FIG.
- the partition plate 13a is made of a metal such as stainless steel, for example.
- a spacer 13b is attached between the peripheral edge of the partition plate 13a and the electrolyte membrane 11, and a space surrounded by the partition plate 13a, the spacer 13b, and the electrolyte membrane 11 is a cathode chamber 13.
- the spacer 13b also serves as a sealing material that prevents the hydride and the organic matter including the hydride from leaking out of the cathode chamber 13, and is desirably electronically insulating. Examples of the material of the spacer 13b include tetrafluoroethylene resin.
- a hydride inlet 16 is provided below the spacer 13 b, and a hydride such as toluene is supplied from the hydride inlet 16 to the cathode chamber 13.
- a hydride outlet 17 is provided on the upper portion of the spacer 13b, and an organic substance containing a hydride such as methylcyclohexane which is a hydride of toluene is discharged out of the system through the hydride outlet 17.
- a cathode support 12c is disposed between the partition plate 13a and the cathode 12. As will be described later, the cathode support 12c receives the force pressed by the anode support elastic body 10d and ensures the electron conductivity between the partition plate 13a and the cathode 12. The cathode support 12c also forms a flow path for controlling the flow of the hydride and the hydride.
- a partition plate 14a having electron conductivity is disposed outside the anode chamber 14 of the electrolysis cell 100 of the present invention.
- Partition plate 14a is formed of a metal such as titanium, for example.
- a spacer 14b is attached between the peripheral edge of the side surface of the anode 10 of the partition plate 14a and the electrolyte membrane 11, and a space surrounded by the partition plate 14a, the spacer 14b at the end of the anode chamber 14 and the electrolyte membrane 11 is an anode. It becomes the chamber 14.
- the spacer 14b also serves as a sealing material that prevents the acidic electrolyte from leaking out of the anode chamber 14, and is desirably electronically insulating. Examples of the material of the spacer 14b include tetrafluoroethylene resin.
- an acidic electrolyte inlet 18 is provided below the spacer 14b, and the acidic electrolyte is supplied from the acidic electrolyte inlet 18 to the anode chamber 14.
- the acidic electrolytic solution include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid having an ionic conductivity measured at 20 ° C. of 0.01 S / cm or more.
- an acidic electrolyte outlet 19 is provided at the upper part of the spacer 14b, and the acidic electrolyte stored in the anode chamber 14 is discharged out of the system through the acidic electrolyte outlet 19.
- an anode supporting elastic body 10d is disposed between the anode 10 and the partition plate 14a, and the anode 10 is pressed against the electrolyte membrane 11 by the anode supporting elastic body 10d.
- the anode supporting elastic body 10d is formed of, for example, a leaf spring or an electronic conductor having a coil structure.
- an anode spacer 15 is interposed between the anode 10 and the electrolyte membrane 11, and a predetermined gap is maintained between the anode 10 and the electrolyte membrane 11 by the anode spacer 15. Yes.
- maintenance work such as replacement of the anode 10 is facilitated.
- the anode supporting elastic body 10d is preferably formed of a material having acid resistance against the acidic electrolyte flowing from the acidic electrolyte inlet 18, and titanium or a titanium alloy is preferably used as the base material.
- the elastic body structure constituting the anode supporting elastic body 10d various structures such as a V-shaped spring, an X cross spring, a type of cushion coil, and an assembly of chatter fibers can be considered.
- the required surface pressure is appropriately selected in view of the contact resistance of each member.
- Example 1 [Pretreatment of anode substrate] A Ti plate having a thickness of 3 mm was used as the anode substrate. The surface was dry-blasted with iron grit (# 120 size), then pickled in a 20% aqueous sulfuric acid solution (105 ° C.) for 10 minutes to clean the anode substrate. The cleaned anode base material was set in an arc ion plating apparatus, and arc ion plating coating of a pure titanium material was performed. The coating conditions are as follows.
- Target JIS Class 1 titanium disc (back side is water cooled) Degree of vacuum: 1.3 Pa (Ar gas replacement introduced) Input power: 500W (3.0KV) Base material temperature: 150 ° C. (during arc ion plating) Time: 35 minutes Coating thickness: 2 ⁇ m (in terms of mass increase)
- Toluene influence test method An electrolyte solution of 50 g / L of sulfuric acid was prepared, zirconium (Zr) was used as the cathode, electrolysis was performed at a temperature of 50 ° C., and a current density of 0.4 A / cm 2 , and the potential was measured based on the reference mercury mercuric sulfate anode standard. did. Next, an electrolyte solution in which toluene (TL) was saturated (500 mg / L) in the above electrolyte solution was prepared, the potential was measured under the conditions, and the potential difference depending on the presence or absence of TL was measured.
- TL toluene
- Example 2 The conditions were the same as in Example 1 except that the anode firing temperature was 460 ° C. As a result, the potential increased only by 8 mV.
- Example 3 The same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that the anode firing temperature was 370 ° C. As a result, the potential increased only by 8 mV.
- Example 4> The conditions were the same as in Example 1 except that the composition ratio of Ir: Ta of the anode was 65: 35% by mass and the firing temperature was 550 ° C. As a result, the potential increased only by 4 mV.
- Example 5 The same conditions as in Example 1 were followed except that the composition ratio of Ir: Ta of the anode was 65:35 mass% and the firing temperature was 370 ° C. As a result, the potential increased only by 1 mV.
- Example 6> The conditions were the same as in Example 1 except that the composition ratio of Ir: Ta of the anode was 50:50 mass% and the firing temperature was 550 ° C. As a result, the potential increased only by 5 mV.
- Example 7 The same conditions as in Example 1 were applied except that the composition ratio of Ir: Ta of the anode was 50:50 mass% and the firing temperature was 370 ° C. As a result, the potential increased only by 1 mV.
- Example 8> The same conditions as in Example 1 were followed except that the composition ratio of Ir: Ta of the anode was 33:67 mass% and the firing temperature was 550 ° C. As a result, the potential did not increase.
- Example 9 The same conditions as in Example 1 were followed except that the composition ratio of Ir: Ta of the anode was 33: 67% by mass and the firing temperature was 370 ° C. As a result, the potential increased only by 2 mV.
- ⁇ Comparative example 4> [Preparation of Ir 70 mass% -Sn 30 mass% anode catalyst] Dissolve iridium tetrachloride and stannous oxalate in 35% hydrochloric acid on the base material that has been subjected to arc ion plating coating to form a coating solution. After coating and drying this coating solution, it is placed in an air-circulating electric furnace. Thermal decomposition coating was performed at 550 ° C. for 20 minutes to form an anode catalyst layer made of a solid solution of iridium oxide and tin oxide. The amount of coating solution was set so that the coating thickness of one brush coating was approximately 1.0 g / m 2 in terms of iridium. A product obtained by repeating this coating to baking operation 12 times was produced. The manufactured anode was tested for potential change in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the potential increased by 33 mV.
- Example 10 As Example 10, the influence of Zr addition was evaluated.
- a solution of H 2 IrCl 6 ⁇ 6H 2 O, Ta (C 4 H 9 O) 5 , Zr (C 4 H 9 O) 4 dissolved in n-butanol is used as a precursor.
- surface polishing and etching treatment in 20% by mass HCl for 20 minutes were performed.
- the precursor solution was dip coated on a Ti plate, dried, and then thermally decomposed at 500 ° C. in air. This operation was repeated 20 times, and finally heat treatment was performed at 500 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the experimental temperature was 60 ° C.
- As a pretreatment 0.3 to 1.1 Vvs.
- Slow scan voltammetry (SSV) was performed at RHE, 5 mVs ⁇ 1 to evaluate overvoltage.
- SSV Slow scan voltammetry
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between potential and current density dependency when electrolysis was performed using the anode of Example 10.
- Ir—Ta (1: 1) and Ir (100%) electrodes are also shown. In either case, an increase in potential was observed in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to which toluene was added. However, it was found that the potential of Example 10 was lower than that of the other electrodes, and the performance was high.
- FIG. 3 shows that the composition ratio of Ir: Ta: Zr is excellent at 7: 2: 1.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in cell voltage in 200 hours of continuous electrolysis using the anode of Example 10 and the anode of Example 1.
- the electrode of Example 10 shows a stable cell voltage, and it can be seen that the cell voltage is stabilized when Zr is present in the anode catalyst layer.
- Example 11 A structure according to the organic chemical hydride production apparatus (electrolytic cell) shown in FIG. 2 was produced, and produced under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- NRE212CS DuPont, thickness 51 ⁇ m
- a cathode catalyst layer was formed on the treated surface of the electrolyte membrane by a bar coater coating method to obtain a cathode-electrolyte membrane composite.
- PtRu / C catalyst TEC61E54E manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., platinum (Pt) 23% by mass, Ru 27% by mass
- ionomer Nafion® dispersion DE521 manufactured by DuPont.
- the weight of the carbon in the catalyst was added to the weight of 4: 5, and an ink for coating was prepared using an appropriate solvent.
- This ink was spray-coated on the electrolyte membrane so that the combined weight of Pt and Ru in the catalyst was 0.5 mgcm ⁇ 2 per anode area, and then the solvent component in the ink was dried at 70 ° C. A cathode catalyst layer was obtained.
- a cathode diffusion layer SGL35BC manufactured by SGL carbon
- SGL35BC manufactured by SGL carbon
- the cathode support portion of the structure is formed with a plurality of flow channels for liquid circulation on the surface in contact with the cathode diffusion layer.
- One of the channels has a gap of 1 mm in width and 0.5 mm in channel height, and has a straight shape with an interval of 1 mm between the channels, and the vertical direction and flow when installing the organic chemical hydride manufacturing apparatus. It was installed so that the road was parallel. Further, both ends of the flow path of the structure have a liquid header for liquid supply and discharge by integrating a plurality of flow paths, and connected to a system path for supply and discharge of organic substances via this. .
- An iridium oxide and a tantalum oxide having the same composition as in Example 1 were used as the anode base material, using an expanded mesh having a thickness of 1.0 mm, a short-center distance of 3.5 mm, and a long-direction center distance of 6.0 mm.
- the anode catalyst layer made of the above was formed so as to be 12 g / m 2 in terms of Ir amount per anode area.
- an elastic body having a shape in which flat springs having a pitch of 10 mm formed by processing a Ti plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm was used as the anode supporting elastic body. A small amount of platinum layer was formed on the anode contact surface of the flat spring.
- These cell members that is, the cathode support, the cathode-electrolyte membrane composite, the anode, and the anode support elastic body are laminated in this order, and the anode support elastic body is inserted between the partition plate on the anode side and the anode.
- the layers were pressed in a form in which they were in close contact with each other by the pressing force from the anode side within the fixed cell width.
- Toluene was circulated in the cathode chamber of the organic chemical hydride production apparatus thus obtained, and a 5% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was circulated in the anode chamber and connected to a constant current power source, and the following electrolytic reaction was carried out.
- the circulation flow rate of each fluid was set so that the linear velocity was 1 m / min on the cathode side and 3 m / min on the anode side.
- the cell temperature was 60 ° C. and 400 mAcm ⁇ 2
- the cell voltage was 2.10V.
- the current efficiency of methylcyclohexane on the cathode side was 95%.
- Electrocatalyst-containing anode (anode) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10a Anode base material 10b Anode catalyst layer 10c Intermediate layer 10d Elastic body for anode support 11 Solid polymer electrolyte membrane (electrolyte membrane) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Cathode 12a Cathode base material 12b Cathode catalyst layer 12c Cathode support 13 Cathode chamber 13a Partition plate 13b Spacer 14 Anode chamber 14a Partition plate 14b Spacer 15 Anode spacer 16 Hydride inlet 17 Hydride outlet 18 Acid electrolyte inlet 19 Acid electrolysis Liquid outlet 100 Electrolytic cell for producing organic chemical hydride (electrolytic cell)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
日本の電力消費量は年間1,000TWh程度であるが、現在は火力発電が原子力発電分をも担っているため、火力発電の割合は90%に達している。一方、二酸化炭素排出量を抑制するための新エネルギーとして、太陽光、風力、水力、地熱発電などの再生可能エネルギーの普及が望まれているが、現段階では発電電力量は全体の1%程度に過ぎない。日本は水資源には恵まれているものの、太陽光や風力に関しては適地とは言い難く、海外からのエネルギーの輸送と貯蔵に頼らざるを得ないのが現状である。また、風力発電および大規模太陽光発電による短周期の出力変動の緩和は考慮されているが、中長周期の出力変動の緩和や大規模エネルギー輸送には適用が困難である。そこで、これら再生可能エネルギーから得た電力を化学エネルギーに変換することが有効と考えられる。電力を直接化学エネルギーに変換するプロセスが電気化学システムであり、二次電池、いわゆる蓄電池は電力を化学エネルギーに変換して貯蔵するデバイスであり、広く用いられている。
アノード基材が弁金属からなり、前記アノード基材の表面に、イリジウムの酸化物、窒化物および炭化物のうち少なくとも1種と、周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属の酸化物、窒化物および炭化物のうち少なくとも1種と、を含むアノード触媒の層が形成されてなることを特徴とするものである。
本発明によれば、有機ケミカルハイドライド電解合成装置に好適に用いることができる、小さい過電圧で、かつ、安定に作動する酸素発生用アノードを提供することができる。
本発明の酸素発生用アノードは、アノード基材が弁金属からなり、このアノード基材の表面には、イリジウムの酸化物、窒化物および炭化物のうち少なくとも1種と、周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属の酸化物、窒化物および炭化物のうち少なくとも1種と、を含むアノード触媒の層が形成されている。好ましくは、周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属は、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ハフニウム(Hf)、バナジウム(V)、ニオブ(Nb)、タンタル(Ta)、アルミニウム(Al)、ガリウム(Ga)、インジウム(In)であり、より好ましくは、周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属はタンタルであり、さらに好ましくは、ジルコニウムが含まれる。ここで、弁金属とは、例えば、アルミニウム(Al)、クロム(Cr)、チタン(Ti)等やこれらの合金であって、不動態を形成しやすい金属をいう。弁金属からなるアノード基材の表面上に、上記のアノード触媒層を設けることで、被水素化物が1mg/Lより高い濃度を溶解している硫酸水溶液中であっても、効率よく酸素発生を行うことができる。特に、本発明の酸素発生用アノードは、被水素化物としてトルエンを用いた、主生成物がメチルシクロヘキサンである有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セルに好適に用いることができる。
次に、本発明の酸素発生用アノードを用いた有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セルについて説明する。図2は、本発明の一好適な実施の形態に係る酸素発生用アノードを用いた有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セルの概略構成図である。本発明に係る有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セル100(電解セル100)は、本発明の酸素発生用アノード10を備えており、プロトン伝導性を有する固体高分子電解質膜(以下、「電解質膜」とも称す)11と、電解質膜11の一方の面に設けられ、被水素化物を還元して水素化物を生成するカソード12と、カソード12を収容し、被水素化物が供給されるカソード室13と、電解質膜11の他方の面に設けられ、水を酸化してプロトンを生成する本発明のアノード10と、アノード10を収容し、電解液が供給されるアノード室14と、を備えている。図示例においては、カソード12はカソード基材12aとその表面に形成されたカソード触媒層12bとからなる。
電解質膜11は、プロトン伝導性を有する材料(イオノマー)で形成されており、プロトンを選択的に伝導する一方で、カソード12とアノード10との間で物質が混合したり拡散したりすることを抑制する。電解質膜11の厚さは、5~300μmが好ましく、10~200μmがより好ましく、20~100μmが最も好ましい。電解質膜11の厚さが5μm未満であると、電解質膜11のバリア性が低下し、クロスリークが生じやすくなる。また、電解質膜11の厚さが300μmより厚くなると、イオン移動抵抗が過大になるため好ましくない。
本発明の電解セル100においては、図示するように、カソード12はカソード基材12aとカソード触媒層12bで構成することができる。本発明に係る電解セル100のカソード12を構成するカソード基材12aとしては、多孔導電性基材であるカーボンからなるクロス、ペーパー等の繊維焼結体等を用いることができる。多孔性導電基材とする理由は、ガスおよび液の供給や除去のため、適度の多孔性を有しかつ十分な電導性を保つことが好ましいからである。特に、厚さ0.01~5mm、空隙率が30~95%、代表的孔径が0.001~1mmであるものが好ましい。なお、このカソード基材12aの表面に金属成分を共存させると、導電層全体の導電性が向上し、電流の均一化が達成されるため好ましい。
カソード触媒の種類としては、白金(Pt)、ルテニウム(Ru)、パラジウム(Pd)、Ir、あるいはそれらの合金から選択される金属の粒子を用いることができる。これらは市販されている粒子を使用してもよいが、公知方法に従って合成し、これを使用してもよい。例えば、合成には、触媒金属イオンを溶解する水溶液に、還元剤を混合して合成する湿式法を採用してもよく、蒸着、スパッターなどの乾式法を採用してもよい。カソード触媒の粒子の粒径は0.001~1μmが好ましい。
カソード12の製造方法については特に制限はない。例えば、触媒成分粉末、疎水性樹脂、水、ナフサ等の溶剤、アイオノマーであるNafion(登録商標)分散液DE521(DuPont製)を混合し、乾燥後の質量が触媒中のカーボン質量と1:10~10:1の比率になるよう添加して、適宜溶媒を用いて塗布用の触媒インクを調製する。その後、この触媒インクをカソード基材12aに塗布し、乾燥、焼成によりカソード触媒の粒子をカソード基材12aに固着させればよい。Nafion分散液のアイオノマーは、多孔性構造体内部での導電性のない有機水素化合物における電子移動反応を維持するために有効である。疎水性樹脂(フッ素成分)はガス透過性材料であり、その粉末の粒径としては0.005~10μmが好ましい。塗布、乾燥、焼成は数回に分けて実施すると、均質なカソード触媒層12bが得られるので好ましい。このようにしてカソード触媒層12bを有するカソード12を作製することができる。
図2に示す本発明に係る電解セル100のカソード室13の最外部には、電子伝導性を有する仕切り板13aが配設されている。仕切り板13aは、例えば、ステンレス等の金属で形成される。仕切り板13aの周縁部と、電解質膜11との間にスペーサ13bが取り付けられており、仕切り板13a、スペーサ13bおよび電解質膜11で囲まれる空間がカソード室13となっている。スペーサ13bは、被水素化物および水素化物を含む有機物がカソード室13の外へ漏洩することを防ぐシール材を兼ねており、電子的に絶縁性であることが望ましい。スペーサ13bの材料としては、たとえば、4フッ化エチレン樹脂が挙げられる。
[アノード基材の前処理]
アノード基材として厚み3mmのTi板を使用した。この表面を鉄グリット(#120サイズ)にて乾式ブラスト処理を施し、次いで、20%硫酸水溶液中(105℃)にて10分間酸洗処理を行い、アノード基材の洗浄処理を行った。洗浄したアノード基材をアークイオンプレーティング装置にセットし、純チタン材のアークイオンプレーティング被覆を行った。被覆条件は次の通りである。
真空度:1.3Pa(Arガス置換導入)
投入電力:500W(3.0KV)
基材温度:150℃(アークイオンプレーティング時)
時間:35分
コーティング厚み:2μm(質量増加換算)
次に、四塩化イリジウム、五塩化タンタルを35%塩酸に溶解してIrが85質量%、Taが15質量%になるように調整した。この塗布液を、アークイオンプレーティング被覆処理済のアノード基材にハケ塗りして乾燥後、空気循環式の電気炉中(550℃、20分間)にて熱分解被覆を行い、酸化イリジウムと酸化タンタルとの固溶体よりなるアノード触媒層を形成した。はけ塗りの1回の塗布厚みは、イリジウムに換算してほぼ1.0g/m2になる様に塗布液の量を設定した。この塗布~焼成操作を12回繰り返した。
硫酸50g/Lの電解液を作成し、陰極にはジルコニウム(Zr)を用い、温度50℃、電流密度0.4A/cm2で電解し、参照極硫酸第一水銀アノード基準での電位を測定した。次に上記電解液にトルエン(TL)を飽和(500mg/L)した電解液を作成し、条件で電位を測定し、TLの有無による、電位差を測定した。
トルエンにより、6mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードの焼成温度を460℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、8mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードの焼成温度を370℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、8mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードのIr:Taの組成比を65:35質量%および焼成温度を550℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、4mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードのIr:Taの組成比を65:35質量%および焼成温度を370℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、1mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードのIr:Taの組成比を50:50質量%および焼成温度を550℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、5mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードのIr:Taの組成比を50:50質量%および焼成温度を370℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、1mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードのIr:Taの組成比を33:67質量%および焼成温度を550℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、電位は上昇しなかった。
アノードのIr:Taの組成比を33:67質量%および焼成温度を370℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、2mVしか電位は上昇しなかった。
[Ir100質量%アノード触媒の作成]
アークイオンプレーティング被覆処理済のアノード基材に四塩化イリジウム、35%塩酸に溶解して塗布液とした、この塗布液を、ハケ塗りして乾燥後、空気循環式の電気炉中(550℃、20分間)にて熱分解被覆を行い、酸化イリジウムのアノード触媒層を形成した。はけ塗りの1回の塗布厚みは、イリジウム金属に換算してほぼ1.0g/m2になる様に塗布液の量を設定した。この塗布~焼成操作を12回繰り返した。製作したアノードを実施例1と同じ方法で電位の変化を試験した。その結果、43mVも電位が上昇した。
アノードの焼成温度を370℃とした他はすべて実施例1と同条件で実施した。その結果、22mVも電位が上昇した。
[Ir50質量%-Pt50質量%系アノード触媒の作成]
アークイオンプレーティング被覆処理済の基材に四塩化イリジウム、塩化白金を35%塩酸に溶解して塗布液とし、この塗布液を、ハケ塗りして乾燥後、空気循環式の電気炉中(550℃、20分間)にて熱分解被覆を行い、酸化イリジウムと白金との固溶体よりなるアノード触媒層を形成した。はけ塗りの1回の塗布厚みは、金属に換算してほぼ1.0g/m2になる様に塗布液の量を設定した。この塗布~焼成操作を12回繰り返した。製作したアノードを実施例1と同じ方法で電位の変化を試験した。その結果、49mVも電位が上昇した。
[Ir70質量%-Sn30質量%系アノード触媒の作成]
アークイオンプレーティング被覆処理済の基材に四塩化イリジウム、蓚酸第一スズを35%塩酸に溶解して塗布液とし、この塗布液を、ハケ塗りして乾燥後、空気循環式の電気炉中(550℃、20分間)にて熱分解被覆を行い、酸化イリジウムと酸化スズとの固溶体よりなるアノード触媒層を形成した。はけ塗りの1回の塗布厚みは、イリジウムに換算してほぼ1.0g/m2になる様に塗布液の量を設定した。この塗布~焼成操作を12回繰り返したものを製作した。製作したアノードを実施例1と同じ方法で電位の変化を試験した。その結果、33mVも電位が上昇した。
実施例10として、Zr添加の影響を評価した。IrxTayZrzO2/Ti電極ではH2IrCl6・6H2O、Ta(C4H9O)5、Zr(C4H9O)4をn-ブタノールに溶解した溶液を前駆体とした。前駆体溶液の組成はモル比でIr:Ta:Zr=7:2:1および7:1:2とした。Ti基板の前処理として表面研磨および20質量%HCl中で20分間のエッチング処理を行った。Ti板上に前駆体溶液をディップコーティング、乾燥後、空気中500℃で熱分解処理をした。この操作を20回繰り返し、最後に500℃で1時間の熱処理を行った。
図2に示す有機ケミカルハイドライド製造装置(電解セル)に準じた構造を作製し、実施例1と同様な条件にて作製した。
10a アノード基材
10b アノード触媒層
10c 中間層
10d アノード支持用弾性体
11 固体高分子電解質膜(電解質膜)
12 カソード
12a カソード基材
12b カソード触媒層
12c カソード支持体
13 カソード室
13a 仕切り板
13b スペーサ
14 アノード室
14a 仕切り板
14b スペーサ
15 アノードスペーサ
16 被水素化物入口
17 水素化物出口
18 酸性電解液入口
19 酸性電解液出口
100 有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セル(電解セル)
Claims (6)
- 被水素化物が1mg/Lより高い濃度を溶解している硫酸水溶液中で酸素発生を行う酸素発生用アノードにおいて、
アノード基材が弁金属からなり、前記アノード基材の表面に、イリジウムの酸化物、窒化物および炭化物のうち少なくとも1種と、周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属の酸化物、窒化物および炭化物のうち少なくとも1種と、を含むアノード触媒の層が形成されてなることを特徴とする酸素発生用アノード。 - 前記周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属がタンタルである請求項1記載の酸素発生用アノード。
- 前記周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属に、さらにジルコニウムが含まれる請求項2記載の酸素発生用アノード。
- 前記アノード触媒中のイリジウムの含有量が、イリジウムの酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、周期律表第4、5および13族元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属の酸化物、窒化物および炭化物の合計に対して33~90質量%である請求項1記載の酸素発生用アノード。
- 前記アノード基材の表面と前記アノード触媒の層との間に、チタンおよびタンタルからなる中間層が形成されてなる請求項1記載の酸素発生用アノード。
- 前記被水素化物がトルエンであり、主生成物がメチルシクロヘキサンである請求項1記載の酸素発生用アノード。
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020177015576A KR102411448B1 (ko) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | 산소 발생용 애노드 |
DK15859255.0T DK3228731T3 (da) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | Oxygen-genererende anode |
CA2966834A CA2966834C (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | Oxygen-generating anode |
US15/525,419 US10889903B2 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | Oxygen-generating anode |
CN201580060998.7A CN107002262B (zh) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | 氧气发生用阳极 |
ES15859255T ES2792910T3 (es) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | Anodo generador de oxígeno |
EP15859255.0A EP3228731B1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | Oxygen-generating anode |
JP2016559044A JP6539285B2 (ja) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | 酸素発生用アノード |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014228096 | 2014-11-10 | ||
JP2014-228096 | 2014-11-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016076277A1 true WO2016076277A1 (ja) | 2016-05-19 |
Family
ID=55954362
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/081518 WO2016076277A1 (ja) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-09 | 酸素発生用アノード |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10889903B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3228731B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6539285B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102411448B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107002262B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2966834C (ja) |
DK (1) | DK3228731T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2792910T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016076277A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3124651A4 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-05-31 | Yokohama National University | Device for manufacturing organic hydride |
WO2018216356A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有機ハイドライド製造装置 |
JP2020139201A (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 酸化反応用電極及びそれを用いた電気化学反応装置 |
JP2022514332A (ja) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-02-10 | オーウェンズ,ドナルド | 燃料効率を向上するための水素産生システムおよびデバイス |
CN114525544A (zh) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-24 | 青岛创启新能催化科技有限公司 | 一种pem水电解析氧催化剂铱钌合金的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10390494B2 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2019-08-27 | Nano Evaporative Technologies, Inc. | Hydroponic electroculture system and methods of use |
JP7032263B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-25 | 2022-03-08 | シャープ株式会社 | 細胞刺激装置、細胞培養装置及び細胞刺激方法 |
KR20190083546A (ko) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-07-12 | (주)엘켐텍 | 전기화학적 수소화 반응기 및 이것을 이용한 수소화물의 제조방법 |
KR20190125885A (ko) * | 2018-04-30 | 2019-11-07 | (주)엘켐텍 | 전기화학적 탈수소화 반응기 및 이것을 이용한 수소의 제조방법 |
US11142836B2 (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2021-10-12 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Catalyst material and method for manufacturing the same |
US10914012B2 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-02-09 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Membrane electrode assembly and method for hydrogen evolution by electrolysis |
US10900133B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-01-26 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Nitride catalyst and method for manufacturing the same |
CN109763146B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-03-26 | 贵州省过程工业技术研究中心 | 一种铝电解用钛基复合材料阳极制备方法 |
JP7168729B1 (ja) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-11-09 | デノラ・ペルメレック株式会社 | 工業用電解プロセス用電極 |
CN114592218B (zh) * | 2022-02-25 | 2024-06-11 | 广州鸿葳科技有限公司 | 一种钛基阳极及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03240987A (ja) * | 1990-02-16 | 1991-10-28 | Tdk Corp | 有機物電解用電極及びその製造方法 |
JP2009263771A (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-11-12 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 電解用電極の製造方法 |
WO2012091128A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 有機化合物の水素化装置及び水素化方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3152499B2 (ja) * | 1992-04-14 | 2001-04-03 | ティーディーケイ株式会社 | 酸素発生用電極およびその製造方法 |
JP3561108B2 (ja) | 1997-01-07 | 2004-09-02 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 水素化方法及び電解槽 |
JP3915334B2 (ja) | 1999-08-30 | 2007-05-16 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 燃料電池用水素供給システム、燃料リサイクル方法、液体運搬用移動体、給油設備及び燃料リサイクルシステム |
WO2005085127A1 (ja) | 2004-03-09 | 2005-09-15 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 水素の製造方法およびそのためのシステム |
JP5046359B2 (ja) | 2006-03-06 | 2012-10-10 | 株式会社フレイン・エナジー | 水素発生装置および水素添加反応装置 |
IT1395113B1 (it) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-09-05 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Elettrodo per evoluzione di ossigeno in processi elettrochimici industriali |
GB0914562D0 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2009-09-30 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst layer |
AP3283A (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2015-05-31 | Pfizer | N1-pyrazolospiroketone acetyl-coa carboxylase inhibitors |
JP2012072477A (ja) | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 有機ハイドライド製造装置 |
CN102443818B (zh) | 2010-10-08 | 2016-01-13 | 水之星公司 | 多层混合金属氧化物电极及其制造方法 |
ITMI20110089A1 (it) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-27 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Elettrodo per evoluzione di ossigeno in processi elettrochimici industriali |
CA2859936C (en) | 2011-12-26 | 2020-11-17 | Industrie De Nora S.P.A. | Anode for oxygen generation and manufacturing method for the same |
CN104011263A (zh) | 2011-12-26 | 2014-08-27 | 培尔梅烈克电极股份有限公司 | 氧发生用阳极及其制造方法 |
WO2013134220A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-12 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of oxygenated and unsaturated organic compounds |
KR101395219B1 (ko) | 2012-05-30 | 2014-05-15 | (주)펨트론 | 디스플레이 글라스 안착 모듈 |
US9951431B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2018-04-24 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of oxygenated and unsaturated organic compounds |
JP6400410B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2018-10-03 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セル |
-
2015
- 2015-11-09 DK DK15859255.0T patent/DK3228731T3/da active
- 2015-11-09 KR KR1020177015576A patent/KR102411448B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-11-09 ES ES15859255T patent/ES2792910T3/es active Active
- 2015-11-09 JP JP2016559044A patent/JP6539285B2/ja active Active
- 2015-11-09 CN CN201580060998.7A patent/CN107002262B/zh active Active
- 2015-11-09 WO PCT/JP2015/081518 patent/WO2016076277A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-11-09 CA CA2966834A patent/CA2966834C/en active Active
- 2015-11-09 EP EP15859255.0A patent/EP3228731B1/en active Active
- 2015-11-09 US US15/525,419 patent/US10889903B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03240987A (ja) * | 1990-02-16 | 1991-10-28 | Tdk Corp | 有機物電解用電極及びその製造方法 |
JP2009263771A (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-11-12 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 電解用電極の製造方法 |
WO2012091128A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 有機化合物の水素化装置及び水素化方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3228731A4 * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10202698B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-02-12 | Yokohama National University | Device for manufacturing organic hydride |
EP3124651A4 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-05-31 | Yokohama National University | Device for manufacturing organic hydride |
AU2018272234B2 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2021-06-24 | De Nora Permelec Ltd | Organic hydride production device |
JP2018197364A (ja) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-12-13 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有機ハイドライド製造装置 |
CN110546307A (zh) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-12-06 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有机氢化物制造装置 |
WO2018216356A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有機ハイドライド製造装置 |
CN110546307B (zh) * | 2017-05-23 | 2022-02-11 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有机氢化物制造装置 |
JP2022514332A (ja) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-02-10 | オーウェンズ,ドナルド | 燃料効率を向上するための水素産生システムおよびデバイス |
JP7524189B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 | 2024-07-29 | オーウェンズ,ドナルド | 燃料効率を向上するための水素産生システムおよびデバイス |
JP2020139201A (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 酸化反応用電極及びそれを用いた電気化学反応装置 |
JP7188188B2 (ja) | 2019-02-28 | 2022-12-13 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 酸化反応用電極及びそれを用いた電気化学反応装置 |
CN114525544A (zh) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-24 | 青岛创启新能催化科技有限公司 | 一种pem水电解析氧催化剂铱钌合金的制备方法 |
CN114525544B (zh) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-04-25 | 青岛创启新能催化科技有限公司 | 一种pem水电解析氧催化剂铱钌合金的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3228731B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
EP3228731A1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
JP6539285B2 (ja) | 2019-07-03 |
CN107002262A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
US10889903B2 (en) | 2021-01-12 |
CN107002262B (zh) | 2019-10-29 |
KR102411448B1 (ko) | 2022-06-20 |
US20170321331A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
CA2966834C (en) | 2022-08-30 |
EP3228731A4 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
ES2792910T3 (es) | 2020-11-12 |
KR20170083593A (ko) | 2017-07-18 |
JPWO2016076277A1 (ja) | 2017-08-24 |
CA2966834A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
DK3228731T3 (da) | 2020-05-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2016076277A1 (ja) | 酸素発生用アノード | |
JP6400410B2 (ja) | 有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セル | |
JP6501141B2 (ja) | 有機ハイドライド製造装置およびこれを用いた有機ハイドライドの製造方法 | |
JP6487418B2 (ja) | 有機ハイドライド製造装置 | |
CA3042601C (en) | Apparatus for producing organic hydride and method for producing organic hydride | |
WO2018037774A1 (ja) | カソード、有機ハイドライド製造用電解セル及び有機ハイドライドの製造方法 | |
US20220333257A1 (en) | Organic hydride production device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15859255 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016559044 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2966834 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15525419 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015859255 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177015576 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |