WO2016065702A1 - 全自动生化分析仪及其采样装置和采样方法 - Google Patents

全自动生化分析仪及其采样装置和采样方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016065702A1
WO2016065702A1 PCT/CN2014/093845 CN2014093845W WO2016065702A1 WO 2016065702 A1 WO2016065702 A1 WO 2016065702A1 CN 2014093845 W CN2014093845 W CN 2014093845W WO 2016065702 A1 WO2016065702 A1 WO 2016065702A1
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Prior art keywords
sampling
rail
stepping motor
pressing block
sampling needle
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PCT/CN2014/093845
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王波
罗成
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利多(香港)有限公司
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Application filed by 利多(香港)有限公司 filed Critical 利多(香港)有限公司
Priority to EP14904731.8A priority Critical patent/EP3214448B1/en
Priority to US15/523,304 priority patent/US10859589B2/en
Publication of WO2016065702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016065702A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/025—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations having a carousel or turntable for reaction cells or cuvettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00465—Separating and mixing arrangements
    • G01N2035/00534—Mixing by a special element, e.g. stirrer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/0092—Scheduling
    • G01N2035/0094—Scheduling optimisation; experiment design

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automatic biochemical analyzer, in particular to an automatic blood ball analyzer for blood cell analysis; the invention also relates to a sampling device and a sampling method for an automatic biochemical analyzer, which can be used in the medical device industry.
  • Automatic blood cell analyzer automated blood cell analyzer with open sampling, closed sampling and sample transmission.
  • the automatic biochemical analyzer is a widely used instrument for measuring the physiological and chemical properties of human body fluids.
  • the sampling device is a very important part.
  • the sampling device needs to transfer the liquid sample from the sample bottle to the reagent bottle. After sufficient reaction, the mixed liquid is transferred to the counter for detection.
  • Chinese Utility Model Patent No. 200520094284.1 discloses a sampling and stirring device for an automatic biochemical analyzer.
  • the device comprises a hanging wall mechanism and a driving mechanism, and the hanging wall mechanism is connected to the driving mechanism.
  • the hanging wall mechanism comprises a sampling stirring arm, a stirring paddle and a sampling needle, and one end of the sampling stirring arm is connected with the driving mechanism, and the other end is a free end.
  • the motor is attached to the sampling agitating arm via a motor bracket.
  • a first bearing seat is fixed under the free end of the sampling agitating arm, and a first rolling bearing is disposed therein, and a transmission shaft is mounted on the first rolling bearing.
  • a pulley is arranged on the motor and at one end of the transmission shaft, and the two pulleys are connected by a transmission belt.
  • the other end of the drive shaft is fixed to the agitating paddle.
  • One end of the sampling needle is fixed above the free end of the sampling agitating arm through a sampling needle holder, and the other end is inserted in the driving shaft and the stirring paddle.
  • the above-mentioned fully automatic biochemical analyzer includes a rotating suspension wall, so that it can only rotate around its column within a defined angle, and its range of motion is limited, which is not suitable for some two-dimensional degrees of freedom motion in a certain plane. The occasion.
  • the sampling device comprises: a frame, a horizontal movement system, a vertical direction movement system, a sampling component and a force transmission guide, the horizontal movement system comprises a first stepping motor, and the vertical direction movement system comprises a second stepping motor, first The stepping motor and the second stepping motor are respectively fixed Mounted on the rack, the sampling component includes a sampling needle block and a sampling needle.
  • the force guiding rail is horizontally placed and fixedly connected with the vertical motion system and the sampling needle block respectively, and the horizontal motion system drives the sampling needle to move in the horizontal direction, vertical
  • the directional motion system drives the sampling needle to move in the vertical direction.
  • the horizontal direction motion system further comprises a first timing belt and a horizontal rail
  • the vertical direction motion system further comprises a second timing belt, a first guiding shaft and a rail pressing block, and the rail pressing block And a second timing belt fixedly connected
  • the sampling assembly further includes a sampling assembly bracket and a second guiding shaft.
  • sampling component bracket is fixedly connected with the first timing belt, and the sampling component bracket is fixed with the slider of the horizontal rail; under the driving of the first stepping motor, the sampling component is guided by the horizontal rail The horizontal direction movement is performed; the slider of the force transmission guide rail and the sampling needle pressing block are fixedly connected, and under the driving of the second stepping motor, the sampling needle pressing block moves in the vertical direction along with the force transmission guide rail.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that the rail clamp and the force transmission rail are fixedly connected.
  • sampling needle block comprises a guiding column
  • rail pressing block is provided with a hole that cooperates with the guiding column
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is that the guide post is a partial cone.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is to further include an optocoupler switch that is mounted on the frame.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that an optocoupler switch sensing piece is respectively mounted on the sampling component bracket and the rail pressing block.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that the force transmission rail and the horizontal rail are parallel to each other.
  • sampling components are sequentially moved in the horizontal direction to the sampling position, the reaction pool position and the counting pool position.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for sampling by using a sampling device including a frame, a horizontal motion system, a vertical motion system, a sampling component, and a force transmission guide, wherein the horizontal motion system
  • the first stepping motor comprises a second stepping motor, the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are respectively mounted on the frame, and the sampling component comprises a sampling needle pressing block and a sampling needle, and the force guiding rail Positioned horizontally and fixedly connected to the vertical motion system and the sampling needle block respectively; the method comprises the following steps:
  • said horizontal direction motion system further comprises a first timing belt and a horizontal rail
  • said vertical direction motion system further comprising a second timing belt, a first guide shaft and a rail clamp
  • the rail clamp and the second timing belt are fixedly connected
  • the sampling assembly further includes a sampling assembly bracket and a second guide shaft.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that a first timing pulley is mounted on the rotating shaft of the first stepping motor, and the first timing belt is horizontally moved by the driving of the first timing pulley, and the sampling assembly bracket and the first timing belt Fixed connection, the sampling component bracket is fixedly connected with the slider of the force transmission rail; the slider of the force transmission rail is fixedly connected with the sampling needle pressing block, and the force transmission rail and the horizontal rail are placed in parallel; when the first timing belt moves in the horizontal direction, sampling The assembly reciprocates horizontally under the common guidance of the horizontal rail and the force guide rail.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that the rail pressing block and the sampling needle pressing block are vertically slid on the first guiding shaft and the second guiding shaft respectively; the rail pressing block and the timing belt are fixedly connected; the slider and sampling of the force transmission guide rail The needle pressing block is fixedly connected; when the second timing belt is driven in the vertical direction by the driving of the second stepping motor, the rail pressing block indirectly drives the guiding needle pressing block on the guiding of the first and second guiding shafts through the force transmission guide rail The vertical round-trip motion is performed; the sampling needle and the sampling needle pressure block are fixedly connected, and the sampling needle is driven by the second timing belt to follow the force-transmitting guide rail for vertical lifting movement to complete the suction and sample feeding actions.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is: when the second stepping motor is turned off, when the first stepping motor is started, the sampling component is moved to the designated position in the horizontal direction; when the first stepping motor is turned off, the second stepping motor is turned off. When moving, the sampling needle is driven by the second timing belt to follow the force transmission to perform vertical lifting movement.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is that the specified location includes a sampling bit, a reaction pool bit, and a counting pool bit.
  • sampling device further comprises an optocoupler switch, wherein the optocoupler is mounted on the frame of the sampling device; the sampling component bracket and the rail pressing block are respectively mounted with the optocoupler switch sensing piece, when the sensing When the chip blocks the optocoupler, it will send a switch signal to the control system.
  • sampling needle pressing block comprises a guiding column
  • the guiding rail pressing block has a tapered hole matched with the guiding column at a corresponding position, and when the sampling assembly and the guide rail pressing piece are in contact, the guiding column is screwed into the tapered shape. The sampling assembly and the compact are in close contact with each other.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that the guiding column is a cone.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is that when the sampling assembly is moved horizontally to contact with the rail pressing block, the sampling needle pressing block is guided by the guiding hole and the tapered hole guiding of the rail pressing block, and drives the sampling together under the second synchronous belt pulling.
  • the needle performs the tube puncture and suction sampling action.
  • the sampling needle pressure block releases the rail pressing block, and then the sampling needle is driven to convey the sample in the horizontal direction.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide an automatic biochemical analyzer comprising a sample transfer device, characterized in that the sample transfer device comprises a sampling assembly and a vertical direction motion system.
  • the sampling component includes a sampling needle pressing block and a sampling needle
  • the vertical direction movement system includes a second stepping motor and a rail pressing block
  • the second stepping motor is separately disposed from the sampling component.
  • the sampling needle block comprises a guiding column
  • the rail pressing block is provided with a hole for matching with the guiding column at a corresponding position.
  • the vertical direction motion system further comprises a second timing belt, a first guiding shaft parallel to the second timing belt, and a rail pressing block which can slide on the first guiding shaft, and the rail pressing block It is fixedly connected to the second timing belt.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is: when the sampling component is in contact with the rail pressing block, the sampling needle pressing block is guided and combined by the guiding hole and the tapered hole of the rail pressing block, and the sampling needle is driven by the second synchronous belt driving together.
  • the test tube puncture and suction sampling action when the suction sample is completed, the sampling needle pressure block is released from the guide rail pressure block, and then the sampling needle is driven to convey the sample in the horizontal direction.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is to further include a force transmission guide, one end of the force transmission rail
  • the rail clamp is rigidly connected, and the other end of the force transmission rail is fixedly connected with the sampling needle block.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that the sampling needle stays in the sampling position, the reaction pool position and the counting pool position respectively, wherein the sampling position is closer to the second stepping motor than the reaction pool position and the counting pool position, so that the sampling step can be shortened.
  • the force of the two stepping motor is avoided, and the torque of the force is reduced.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide an automatic biochemical analyzer comprising a frame, a horizontal motion system, a vertical motion system, a sampling assembly, and a force transmission guide.
  • the horizontal direction motion system includes a first stepper motor and the vertical direction motion system includes a second stepper motor.
  • the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are respectively fixedly mounted on the frame.
  • the sampling assembly includes a sampling needle block and a sampling needle.
  • the second stepping motor is separated from the sampling component.
  • the sampling needle block includes a guiding column, and the rail pressing block is provided with a hole corresponding to the guiding column at a corresponding position.
  • the horizontal direction motion system further comprises a first timing belt and a horizontal rail
  • the vertical direction motion system further comprises a second timing belt, a first guiding shaft and a rail pressing block, and the rail pressing block And a second timing belt fixedly connected
  • the sampling assembly further includes a sampling assembly bracket and a second guiding shaft.
  • sampling component bracket is fixedly connected with the first timing belt, and the sampling component bracket is fixed with the slider of the horizontal rail; under the driving of the first stepping motor, the sampling component is guided by the horizontal rail The horizontal direction movement is performed; the slider of the force transmission guide rail and the sampling needle pressing block are fixedly connected, and under the driving of the second stepping motor, the sampling needle pressing block moves in the vertical direction along with the force transmission guide rail.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that the rail clamp and the force transmission rail are fixedly connected.
  • sampling needle block comprises a guiding column
  • rail pressing block is provided with a hole that cooperates with the guiding column
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is that the guide post is a partial cone.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is to further include an optocoupler switch that is mounted on the frame.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that an optocoupler switch sensing piece is respectively mounted on the sampling component bracket and the rail pressing block.
  • a further improvement of the above technical solution is that the force transmission rail and the horizontal rail are parallel to each other.
  • sampling components are sequentially moved to the sampling in the horizontal direction. Bit, reaction pool bit, and count pool bit.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that one end of the force transmission rail is fixed on the rail pressing block, and the rail pressing block has a concave groove matched with the force transmitting rail, and the back and the top have screws to ensure a rigid connection.
  • the second slider of the force transmission rail is fixed to the sampling needle pressing block by screws, and when the timing belt drives the rail pressing block and the force transmitting rail to move in the vertical direction, the sampling needle also moves up and down.
  • Optocouplers can be positioned in the horizontal and vertical directions to sample and transmit samples at specific locations.
  • the sampling needle block is screwed to the guiding column, and the rail pressing block also has a tapered hole corresponding to the guiding column at the corresponding position.
  • the sampling assembly moves horizontally to contact with the rail pressing block.
  • the sampling needle follows the force guide rail to complete the puncture action.
  • the stepping motor of the moving mechanism is fixed on the instrument frame, and the movement is light and compact, the space is compact, the sample is sent to a specific position function, the load torque requirement of the motor is low, and the mechanical noise is small. It is also compatible with open sampling and puncture sampling, and is suitable for medical equipment such as blood analyzers and urine analyzers.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an open sampling position of another two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another open sampling position of a two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the horizontal movement of another two-dimensional degree of freedom moving mechanism of the present invention to a specific position.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view showing another two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism of the present invention moving in a vertical direction to another specific position.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view showing the horizontal movement of another two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism of the present invention reaching the puncture position.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism guiding device of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a plan view showing another two-dimensional degree of freedom motion mechanism of the present invention for performing a tube puncture.
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the structure of another two-dimensional degree of freedom moving mechanism guide rail according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 is a specific embodiment of the sampling device of the present invention.
  • the sampling device is guided by two horizontal guide shafts 2 and 5.
  • the first stepping motor 4 drives the timing belt 3 to drive the sampling assembly to complete the horizontal movement (the sampling assembly is fixedly connected by the sampling assembly bracket 10 and the timing belt 3).
  • the second stepping motor 1 mounted on the sampling assembly holder 10 drives the timing belt 6 to drive the sampling needle 7 to perform vertical movement under the guidance of the two vertical guide shafts 8 and 9.
  • the two-dimensional degree of freedom movement of the sampling needle 7 in the horizontal and vertical directions facilitates the functions of tube puncture, sample suction and sample transport in the blood cell analysis device.
  • the two-dimensional degree of freedom means that the motion mechanism or components therein can move separately in the direction in which the two sides of a fixed or non-fixed angle are located.
  • the fixed angle may be one hundred and fifty degrees, one hundred and twenty degrees, ninety degrees, sixty degrees, thirty degrees or any other suitable angle.
  • the motion trajectory of two-dimensional degrees of freedom may be a straight line, a smooth curve, a smooth parabola, a stitching, or a combination thereof.
  • the two-dimensional degrees of freedom refer to two straight directions that are perpendicular to each other.
  • the two-dimensional degree of freedom motion includes a moving portion in the horizontal direction and a moving portion in the vertical direction.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS a two-dimensional degree of freedom motion in the horizontal and vertical directions is produced by the present invention as one of the specific embodiments of the present invention. Specific implementations of two-dimensional degrees of freedom motion that achieve other angles and directions can be derived from this.
  • the horizontal direction moving device includes a first stepping motor 116 (the main body is blocked to expose only the rotating shaft), the first timing belt 109, the first timing pulley 113, the horizontal rail 108, and the sampling.
  • Component 99 The sampling assembly 99 includes a sampling assembly bracket 112, a second guiding shaft 115 fixed to the bracket 112, a sampling needle block 114 sleeved on the second guiding shaft 115 and slidable in parallel along the second guiding shaft 115, and fixed to the sampling The needle 111 of the needle block 114 and the like.
  • the first stepping motor 116 is fixed to the sampling device frame 100 by screws, bolts or rivets or the like.
  • the rotating shaft of the first stepping motor 116 rotates in synchronization with the first timing pulley 113.
  • a first timing belt 109 is mounted on the first timing pulley 113.
  • the outer contour of the first timing pulley 113 is a gear
  • the first timing belt 109 is a gear belt that matches the gear.
  • the first timing belt 109 is driven by the first timing pulley 113 to move in the horizontal direction.
  • the sampling assembly holder 112 is fixed to the first timing belt 109 by screws and a splint (not shown), and is kept in synchronous motion with the first timing belt 109.
  • At least one first slider 118 is fixed to the sampling assembly bracket 112.
  • Sampling device At least one horizontal rail 108 is fixed to the frame 100.
  • the first slider 118 is slidably engaged with the horizontal rail 108.
  • the first timing belt 109 drives the sampling assembly holder 112 (along with the entire sampling assembly 99) to move horizontally along the horizontal rail 108, thereby achieving the The movement of the device in the horizontal direction.
  • the second slider 119 slidably coupled to the force transmission rail 101 is fixedly coupled to the sampling needle block 114 by screws.
  • the force transmitting rail 101 should be parallel to the horizontal rail 108, so that when the first timing belt 109 drives the sampling assembly bracket 112 (along with the entire sampling assembly 99) to move horizontally along the horizontal rail 108, the sampling needle block 114 is The vertical direction remains undisplaced.
  • the vertical direction moving device includes a second stepping motor 103, a second timing belt 105, a second timing pulley 106, a rail pressing block 104, and a force transmission rail 101.
  • the second timing belt 105 is tightened by the power output shaft of the second stepping motor 103 and the second timing pulley 106, and follows the second stepping motor for synchronous motion.
  • the second timing pulley 106 is a gear and the second timing belt 105 is a gear belt that matches the timing pulley.
  • the force transmitting rail 101 is fixed to the second timing belt 105 by the rail pressing block 104, and moves in synchronization with the second timing belt 105.
  • the sampling needle block 114 is slidably engaged with the force transmission rail 101 through the second slider 119 thereon so as to be horizontally slidable on the force transmission rail 101.
  • the force transmission rail 101 and the horizontal rail 108 and the first timing belt 109 are horizontally parallel to each other.
  • a first guide shaft 107 is fixed to the frame 100, and a rail press block 104 is mounted to the first guide shaft 107 and vertically slidable on the first guide shaft 107.
  • a second guide shaft 115 is fixed to the sampling assembly holder 112, and the sampling needle block 114 is mounted to the second guide shaft 115 and is vertically slidable on the second guide shaft 115.
  • the first guide shaft 107, the second guide shaft 115, and the second timing belt 105 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the second timing belt 105 follows the second stepping motor 103 for synchronous motion. Since the second timing belt 105 is fixedly coupled to the rail pressing block 104 and the force transmission rail 101, the force transmission rail 101 is driven by the second stepping motor 103 to move up and down in the vertical direction.
  • the sampling needle block 114 and the guide rail block 104 are internally provided with linear bearings (not shown) for sliding vertically on the second guide shaft 115 and the first guide shaft 107, respectively.
  • the rail press block 104 fixes the relative positions of the rail press block 104 and the second timing belt 105 by screws and clamps (not shown).
  • the rail pressing block 104 is provided with a concave groove 121 (see FIG. 10), and the force transmitting rail 101 is housed in the concave groove 121, and the rail pressing block 104 is fixedly coupled to the force transmitting rail 101 by screws.
  • the second slider 119 slidably coupled to the force transmitting rail 101 is fixedly coupled to the sampling needle block 114, and thus, the force transmitting rail 101 simultaneously connects the rail pressing block 104 and the sampling needle pressing block 114.
  • the sampling needle block 114 and the rail block 104 have the same or similar structure.
  • the sampling needle 111 and the sampling needle pressing block 114 are fixedly connected, the sampling needle 111 can follow the force transmitting rail 101 and perform the vertical lifting movement under the driving of the second timing belt 105, thereby completing the suction liquid sample. And the operation of transferring a liquid sample.
  • the sampling component 99 can be moved to a specified position in a horizontal direction, such as a sampling position, a reaction pool position, a counting pool position, and the like.
  • a specified position in a horizontal direction such as a sampling position, a reaction pool position, a counting pool position, and the like.
  • the sampling needle 111 can follow the force transmitting rail 101 to perform the vertical lifting movement under the driving of the second timing belt 105.
  • the precise positioning of the horizontal and vertical movements relies on a number of inductive optocouplers 102 mounted on the frame 100 for positioning.
  • the optocoupler works by sending a switching signal to the control system when the sensor block blocks the optocoupler.
  • the sampling assembly holder 112 and the rail pressing block 104 are each provided with an induction steel sheet (not shown).
  • the rail pressing block 104 is provided with a groove 121 matched with the force transmitting rail 101.
  • the screw 120 is placed above the groove to tighten the rail, and the front surface has two screws and a guide rail to ensure reliable connection.
  • the surface of the force transmission rail 101 and the horizontal rail 108 are kept parallel.
  • the force transmission rail 101 has two functions: a, horizontal guiding of the sampling component; b, transmitting torque in the vertical direction to the sampling component for puncture the test tube.
  • the sampling needle When drawing a liquid sample, the sampling needle sometimes needs to pierce the test tube cap containing the liquid sample, and therefore, it is necessary to apply a certain thrust to the sampling needle.
  • the sampling assembly in order to achieve a better piercing effect, should be as close as possible to the rail clamp 104, thereby minimizing the torque generated by the force transmission rail 101.
  • the present invention additionally designs a guide post 110. Specifically, a guide post 110 is projected on one side of the sampling pin block 104 facing the rail press block 104.
  • the guide post 110 can be integrally formed with the sampling needle block 104, or can be fixedly coupled to the sampling needle block 104 by a threaded hole or the like.
  • the guide post 110 can be designed as a cylinder or a cone with a pointed tip, or any shape with a trapezoidal cross section.
  • the rail press block 104 also has tapered bores or other shaped apertures 122 that cooperate with the contours of the guide posts 110 at corresponding locations. When the sampling assembly is in contact with the rail block 104, the guide post 110 is inserted into the hole 122 in the block 104. And maintain a certain close fit.
  • the sampling needle block 114 is mainly guided through the guide post 110 and the guide rail block 104, in the second timing belt 105.
  • the guide block 104 drives the sampling needle block 114 to move downward through the guide post 110.
  • the sampling needle block 114 further drives the sampling needle 111 to move downward, thereby performing the action of puncturing the test tube cover and sucking the sample book.
  • the sampling needle block 114 can smoothly disengage the rail pressing block 104, and then the sampling needle 111 is driven to convey the sample to the reaction pool position in the horizontal direction.
  • sampling device and the sampling method of the invention have wide application value, for example, can be used in the field of blood cell analyzers and the like.

Abstract

一种全自动生化分析仪及其采样装置和采样方法，包括：机架（100）、水平方向运动系统、垂直方向运动系统、采样组件和传力导轨（101）；水平方向运动系统包括第一步进电机（116）；垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机（103）；第一步进电机（116）和第二步进电机（103）分别固定安装在机架（100）上；采样组件包括采样针压块（114）和采样针（111）；步进电机（116，103）均固定于机架上。该分析仪运动轻巧、成本较低、结构紧凑，同时具有开放采样和封闭穿刺采样，以及输送样本到指定位置的功能。

Description

全自动生化分析仪及其采样装置和采样方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种全自动生化分析仪，尤其涉及一种用于血细胞分析的全自动血球析仪；本发明还涉及一种全自动生化分析仪的采样装置和采样方法，可以用于医疗器械行业的全自动血细胞分析仪(全自动血球仪)，具有开放采样、封闭采样以及样本传输等功能。
背景技术
全自动生化分析仪是在测量人体体液的生理化学、物理性质的检测中应用的比较广的一种仪器。在全自动生化分析仪中，取样装置是非常重要的部分。取样装置需要把液体样本从标本瓶内转移到试剂瓶中，经过充分反应后，再把混合液转移到计数器内进行检测。中国实用新型专利第200520094284.1就公开了一种全自动生化分析仪的取样及搅拌装置。该装置包括悬壁机构及驱动机构，悬壁机构连接在驱动机构上。其中，悬壁机构包括取样搅拌臂、搅拌桨以及取样针，取样搅拌臂的一端与驱动机构连接，另一端为自由端。电机通过电机支架固接在取样搅拌臂上。在取样搅拌臂的自由端下方固接有第一轴承座，其内设有第一滚动轴承，第一滚动轴承上安装有传动轴。在电机上及传动轴的一端均设有带轮，两带轮之间通过传动带相连接。传动轴的另一端与搅拌桨固接。取样针的一端通过取样针支架固接在取样搅拌臂之自由端的上方，另一端插在传动轴及搅拌桨内。
上述全自动生化分析仪包括一个转动的悬壁，因此仅能绕其立柱在限定的角度内做旋转运动，其活动范围受到限制，不适合某些需要在某个平面内做二维自由度运动的场合。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术中的缺点，本发明的目的之一是：提供一种具有二维自由度运动功能的采样装置。所述采样装置包括：机架、水平方向运动系统、垂直方向运动系统、采样组件和传力导轨，水平方向运动系统包括第一步进电机，垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机，第一步进电机和第二步进电机分别固定安 装在机架上，采样组件包括采样针压块和采样针，传力导轨水平放置并且分别与垂直方向运动系统和采样针压块固定连接，水平方向运动系统驱动采样针在水平方向运动，垂直方向运动系统驱动采样针在垂直方向运动。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：所述水平方向运动系统还包括第一同步带和水平导轨；所述垂直方向运动系统还包括第二同步带、第一导向轴和导轨压块，导轨压块和第二同步带固定连接；所述采样组件还包括采样组件支架和第二导向轴。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样组件支架与第一同步带固定连接，采样组件支架与水平导轨的滑块固定；在第一步进电机的驱动下，采样组件在水平导轨的导向作用下进行水平方向运动；传力导轨的滑块和采样针压块固定连接，在第二步进电机的驱动下，采样针压块随着传力导轨作垂直方向运动。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：导轨压块和传力导轨固定连接。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块设有和导向柱相配合的孔。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：导向柱为部分圆锥体。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：还包括光耦开关，所述光耦开光安装在机架上。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样组件支架和导轨压块上分别安装有光耦开关感应片。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：所述的传力导轨和水平导轨相互平行。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样组件在水平方向上依次运动到采样位、反应池位和计数池位。
本发明的目的之二是：提供一种利用采样装置进行采样的方法，所述采样装置包括机架、水平方向运动系统、垂直方向运动系统、采样组件和传力导轨，其中，水平方向运动系统包括第一步进电机，垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机，第一步进电机和第二步进电机分别安装在机架上，采样组件包括采样针压块和采样针，传力导轨水平放置并且分别与垂直方向运动系统和采样针压块固定连接；所述方法包括如下步骤：
a)启动第一步进电机，驱动采样组件在水平方向运动至采样位，关闭第一 步进电机；
b)启动第二步进电机，驱动采样针在垂直方向运动，并且刺穿装有样本的容器，吸取样本后，返回至采样位，关闭第二步进电机；
c)启动第一步进电机，驱动采样组件在水平方向运动至反应池位，关闭第一步进电机；
d)启动第二电机，驱动采样针在垂直方向运动，把样本加入到反应池，经过预先设定的反应时间后，采样针吸取部分反应后的混合液后运动至反应池位，关闭第二电机；
e)启动第一电机，驱动采样针在水平方向运动至计数池位，关闭第一电机；f)启动第二电机，驱动采样针在垂直方向运动，将采样针吸取的部分反应后的混合液注入到计数池内，采样针退回至计数池位，关闭第二电机；
g)启动第一电机，驱动采样针在水平方向运动至初始位置，关闭第一电机。
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述水平方向运动系统还包括第一同步带和水平导轨；所述垂直方向运动系统还包括第二同步带、第一导向轴和导轨压块，导轨压块和第二同步带固定连接；所述采样组件还包括采样组件支架和第二导向轴。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：第一步进电机转轴上安装有第一同步带轮，第一同步带在第一同步带轮的驱动下作水平方向运动，采样组件支架与第一同步带固定连接，采样组件支架与传力导轨的滑块固定连接；传力导轨的滑块与采样针压块固定连接，传力导轨和水平导轨平行放置；第一同步带在水平方向运动时，采样组件在水平导轨和传力导轨共同导向下进行水平往复运动。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：导轨压块和采样针压块分别在第一导向轴和第二导向轴上作垂直滑动；导轨压块和同步带固定连接；传力导轨的滑块和采样针压块固定连接；当第二同步带在第二步进电机的驱动下作垂直方向的运动时，导轨压块通过传力导轨间接带动采样针压块在第一和第二导向轴的导向下作垂直往返运动；采样针和采样针压块固定连接，采样针在第二同步带驱动下跟随传力导轨做垂直升降运动，完成吸样和送样动作。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：当第二步进电机关闭，第一步进电机启动时，采样组件在水平方向运动到指定位置；当第一步进电机关闭第二步进电机启 动时，采样针在第二同步带驱动下跟随传力导做垂直升降运动。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：所述的指定位置包括采样位、反应池位、计数池位。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样装置还包括光耦开关，所述光耦开光安装在采样装置的机架上；采样组件支架和导轨压块上分别安装有光耦开关感应片，当感应片遮挡住光耦时就会向控制系统发出开关信号。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块在相应位置开有和导向柱配合的锥形孔，当采样组件和导轨压块接触时，导向柱旋入锥形孔内保持采样组件和压块地紧密接触。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：所述的导向柱为圆锥体。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样组件水平方向运动到与导轨压块接触时，采样针压块通过导向柱和导轨压块的锥形孔导向结合，共同在第二同步带拉动下驱动采样针执行试管穿刺和吸取样本动作，当吸样完成后，采样针压块脱开导轨压块，然后带动采样针向水平方向输送样本。
本发明的目的之三是：提供一种全自动生化分析仪，包括样本转移装置，其特征在于：所述样本转移装置包括采样组件和垂直方向运动系统。所述采样组件包括采样针压块和采样针，所述的垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机和导轨压块，第二步进电机与采样组件分离设置。采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块在相应位置设有和导向柱配合的孔，当采样组件和导轨压块接触时，导向柱被收容入孔内，保持采样组件和压块地紧密接触。由于导向柱主要承担起推动采样组件运动的推动力，因此，导轨所承受的压力大大减小了，有利于防止导轨变形。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：所述垂直方向运动系统还包括第二同步带、平行于第二同步带的第一导向轴和可以在第一导向轴滑移的导轨压块，导轨压块和第二同步带固定连接。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：当采样组件与导轨压块接触时，采样针压块通过导向柱和导轨压块的锥形孔导向结合，共同在第二同步带驱动下，驱动采样针执行试管穿刺和吸取样本动作，当吸样完成后，采样针压块脱开导轨压块，然后带动采样针向水平方向输送样本。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：还包括传力导轨，所述传力导轨的一端与 导轨压块刚性连接，传力导轨的另一端与采样针压块固定连接。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样针分别在采样位、反应池位和计数池位停留，其中，采样位比反应池位和计数池位要更加靠近第二步进电机，如此可以缩短第二步进电机的作用力力避，减小作用力的力矩。
本发明的目的之四是：提供一种全自动生化分析仪，包括机架、水平方向运动系统、垂直方向运动系统、采样组件和传力导轨。水平方向运动系统包括第一步进电机，垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机。第一步进电机和第二步进电机分别固定安装在机架上。所述采样组件包括采样针压块和采样针。第二步进电机与采样组件分离设置。采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块在相应位置设有和导向柱配合的孔。当采样组件和导轨压块接触时，导向柱被收容入孔内，采样组件和压块之间紧密接触。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：所述水平方向运动系统还包括第一同步带和水平导轨；所述垂直方向运动系统还包括第二同步带、第一导向轴和导轨压块，导轨压块和第二同步带固定连接；所述采样组件还包括采样组件支架和第二导向轴。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样组件支架与第一同步带固定连接，采样组件支架与水平导轨的滑块固定；在第一步进电机的驱动下，采样组件在水平导轨的导向作用下进行水平方向运动；传力导轨的滑块和采样针压块固定连接，在第二步进电机的驱动下，采样针压块随着传力导轨作垂直方向运动。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：导轨压块和传力导轨固定连接。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块设有和导向柱相配合的孔。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：导向柱为部分圆锥体。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：还包括光耦开关，所述光耦开光安装在机架上。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样组件支架和导轨压块上分别安装有光耦开关感应片。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：所述的传力导轨和水平导轨相互平行。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进是：采样组件在水平方向上依次运动到采样 位、反应池位和计数池位。
本发明的有益效果是：传力导轨一端固定在导轨压块上，导轨压块有和传力导轨相配合的凹形槽，同时背部和顶部有螺钉保证刚性连接。传力导轨的第二滑块通过螺钉固定在采样针压块，当同步带带动导轨压块和传力导轨垂直方向运动时，采样针也随之上下运动。水平方向和垂直方向可设置光耦进行定位，从而在特定的位置进行采样和传送样本。采样针压块通过螺纹连接导向柱，导轨压块也在相应位置有与导向柱配合的锥形孔，为了减小试管穿刺时所需的力矩，采样组件水平方向运动到与导轨压块接触，采样针跟随传力导轨共同完成穿刺动作。本运动机构步进电机均固定在仪器机架上，运动轻巧，空间紧凑，输送样本到特定位置功能，对电机的负载力矩要求低，机械噪音小。同时兼容开放采样和穿刺采样，适用血液分析仪和尿液分析仪等医疗器械设备。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种二维自由度运动机构的平面示意图。
图2是本发明的一种二维自由度运动机构的立体示意图。
图3是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构开放采样位置平面示意图。
图4是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构开放采样位置立体示意图。
图5是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构水平方向运动到达某特定位置的平面示意图。
图6是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构垂直方向运动到达另一个某特定位置的平面示意图。
图7是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构水平方向运动到达穿刺位置的平面示意图。
图8是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构导向装置剖面示意图。
图9是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构进行试管穿刺的平面示意图。
图10是本发明的另一种二维自由度运动机构导轨压块的结构立体示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
请参阅图1和图2，这是本发明采样装置的一种具体实施例。该采样装置由两根水平导向轴2和5完成导向。第一步进电机4驱动同步带3带动采样组件完成水平方向运动(采样组件通过采样组件支架10和同步带3固定连接)。安装在采样组件支架10上的第二步进电机1驱动同步带6带动采样针7在两根垂直导向轴8和9的导向作用下完成垂直方向运动。采样针7在水平和垂直方向的二维自由度运动有助于在血液细胞分析装置中实现试管穿刺、样本吸取和样本运输等功能。
实施例二
图3至图10所示的是本发明之另一种具有二维自由度运动机构的采样装置。所述二维自由度是指该运动机构或者其中的部件可以沿某个固定或者非固定夹角的二个边所在的方向分别运动。所述固定夹角可以是一百五十度、一百二十度、九十度、六十度、三十度或者其他任何合适的角度。二维自由度的运动轨迹可以是直线、光滑曲线、光滑抛物线、拆线或者其组合。在本发明的优选方案中，所述二维自由度是指相互垂直的二条直线方向。更加优选的方案是：所述二维自由度运动包括水平方向的运动部分和垂直方向的运动部分。下面以本发明产生水平方向和垂直方向的二维自由度运动作为本发明的具体实施例之一来阐述本发明之具体实施方案。实现其他角度和方向的二维自由度运动的具体实施方案可以由此类推得到。
请参阅图3、图4和图5，水平方向运动装置包括第一步进电机116(主机被遮挡而仅露出转轴)、第一同步带109、第一同步带轮113、水平导轨108和采样组件99。所述采样组件99包括采样组件支架112、固定至支架112的第二导向轴115、套在第二导向轴115上并可以沿第二导向轴115平行滑动的采样针压块114和固定至采样针压块114的采样针111等。第一步进电机116通过螺钉、螺栓或铆钉等固定在采样装置机架100上。第一步进电机116的转轴与第一同步带轮113作同步转动。第一同步带轮113上安装有第一同步带109。优选地，第一同步带轮113的外轮廓为齿轮，第一同步带109为与该齿轮相匹配的齿轮带。第一同步带109被第一同步带轮113驱动作水平方向的运动。采样组件支架112通过螺钉和夹板(未图示)固定至第一同步带109，并且与第一同步带109保持同步运动。在采样组件支架112上固定有至少一个第一滑块118。在采样装置机 架100上固定有至少一个水平导轨108。所述第一滑块118与所述水平导轨108滑动配合。在第一步进电机116驱动第一同步带109运动的过程中，第一同步带109驱动采样组件支架112(连同整个采样组件99)沿着水平导轨108作水平方向的运动，从而实现了该装置在水平方向的运动。
如图4所示，与传力导轨101滑动连接的第二滑块119通过螺钉与采样针压块114固定连接。传力导轨101应当与水平导轨108相互平行，因此，当第一同步带109驱动采样组件支架112(连同整个采样组件99)沿着水平导轨108作水平方向的运动时，采样针压块114在垂直方向保持不发生位移。
如图3和4所示，垂直方向运动装置包括第二步进电机103、第二同步带105、第二同步带轮106、导轨压块104和传力导轨101。第二同步带105被第二步进电机103的动力输出轴和第二同步带轮106绷紧着，并且跟随第二步进电机做同步运动。优选地，第二同步带轮106是齿轮，第二同步带105为与同步带轮相匹配的齿轮带。传力导轨101被导轨压块104固定至第二同步带105，并且与第二同步带105一起同步运动。采样针压块114通过其上的第二滑块119与传力导轨101滑动配合，从而可在传力导轨101上水平滑动。传力导轨101与水平导轨108和第一同步带109相互水平平行。在机架100上固定有第一导向轴107，导轨压块104被安装至所述第一导向轴107，并且可以在第一导向轴107上垂直滑动。在采样组件支架112上固定有第二导向轴115，采样针压块114被安装至所述第二导向轴115，并且可以在第二导向轴115上垂直滑动。所述第一导向轴107、第二导向轴115和第二同步带105相互垂直平行。在第二步进电机103启动时，第二同步带105跟随第二步进电机103做同步运动。由于第二同步带105与导轨压块104和传力导轨101是固定连接的，因此，传力导轨101被第二步进电机103驱动在垂直方向做上下运动。
请参阅图3和图4，由于导向的需要，第一导向轴107和第二导向轴115以及第二同步带105需要垂直平行放置。采样针压块114和导轨压块104内部装有直线轴承(未图示)可以分别在第二导向轴115和第一导向轴107上垂直滑动。导轨压块104通过螺钉和夹板(未图示)将导轨压块104和第二同步带105的相对位置固定。导轨压块104设有凹形槽121(见图10)，所述传力导轨101被收容在该凹形槽121内，并且通过螺钉使导轨压块104与传力导轨101固定连接。 如前所述，滑动连接至传力导轨101的第二滑块119和采样针压块114固定连接，如此，传力导轨101便同时连接导轨压块104和采样针压块114。采样针压块114和导轨压块104具有相同或者相类似的结构。当第二同步带105在第二步进电机103(固定安装在机架上)的驱动下作垂直方向运动时，导轨压块104在第一导向轴107和第二导向轴115的导向作用下，通过传力导轨101间接带动采样针压块114做垂直方向的往返运动。由于采样针111与采样针压块114是固定连接的，如此，采样针111就可以在第二同步带105的带动下，跟随传力导轨101，做垂直方向的升降运动，从而完成吸取液体样本和传送液体样本的操作。
综上所述，当第二步进电机103不工作、第一步进电机116工作时，采样组件99就可以在水平方向上运动到指定位置，如采样位、反应池位、计数池位等。当第一步进电机116不工作、第二步进电机103工作时，采样针111就可以在第二同步带105的带动下跟随传力导轨101做垂直方向的升降运动。水平方向运动和垂直方向运动的精确定位依靠安装在机架100上的数个感应光耦102来实现定位。光耦的工作原理是：当感应片遮挡住光耦时就会向控制系统发出开关信号。因此，采样组件支架112和导轨压块104都分别装有一个感应钢片(未图示)。请参阅图10，导轨压块104设有和传力导轨101相配合的凹槽121，凹槽上方有螺钉120顶紧导轨，正面有两颗螺钉和导轨保证连接可靠。传力导轨101的表面和水平导轨108保持平行。传力导轨101有两个作用：a、对采样组件实施水平导向；b、在垂直方向上传递力矩给采样组件进行穿刺试管。
在吸取液体样本时，采样针有时候需要刺穿装有液体样本的试管盖，因此，需要对采样针施加一定的推力。请参阅图7至图10所示，为了达到较佳的刺穿效果，应当使采样组件尽可能地接近导轨压块104，从而尽量减小传力导轨101产生的力矩。为了进一步减小传力导轨101在刺穿试管盖时所承受的压力，本发明还额外设计了一个导向柱110。具体地说，在采样针压块104面对导轨压块104的一面突出一个导向柱110。导向柱110可以与采样针压块104一体设计，也可以通过螺纹孔或者其他方式与采样针压块104固定连接。该导向柱110可以被设计成圆柱体或者削去尖部的圆锥体，也可以是横截面是梯形的任何形体。导轨压块104也在相应位置开有和导向柱110外形相配合的锥形孔或者其他形状的孔122。当采样组件和导轨压块104接触时，导向柱110插入压块104上的孔122 并且保持一定的紧密配合。为了减小试管穿刺时所需的力矩，采样组件水平方向运动到与导轨压块104接触时，采样针压块114主要通过导向柱110和导轨压块104导向结合，在第二同步带105的拉动下，导轨压块104通过导向柱110驱动采样针压块114向下运动。采样针压块114进一步驱动采样针111向下移动，从而执行穿刺试管盖和吸取样本的动作。当吸样完成后，采样针压块114可顺利脱开导轨压块104，然后带动采样针111向水平方向输送样本至反应池位。
本发明的采样装置和采样方法具有广泛的应用价值，例如可用于血球分析仪等领域。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换(例如本实例中传力导轨使用的是直线滚珠导轨，可将其换成滚轮式线性滑轨等)，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种全自动生化分析仪，其特征在于：包括机架、水平方向运动系统、垂直方向运动系统、采样组件和传力导轨，水平方向运动系统包括第一步进电机，垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机，第一步进电机和第二步进电机分别固定安装在机架上，所述采样组件包括采样针压块和采样针，第二步进电机与采样组件分离设置；采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块在相应位置设有和导向柱配合的孔，当采样组件和导轨压块接触时，导向柱被收容入孔内，采样组件和压块之间紧密接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的全自动生化分析仪，其特征在于，所述垂直方向运动系统还包括第二同步带、平行于第二同步带的第一导向轴和可以在第一导向轴滑移的导轨压块，导轨压块和第二同步带固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的全自动生化分析仪，其特征在于，当采样组件与导轨压块接触时，采样针压块通过导向柱和导轨压块的锥形孔导向结合，共同在第二同步带驱动下，驱动采样针执行试管穿刺和吸取样本动作，当吸样完成后，采样针压块脱开导轨压块，然后带动采样针向水平方向输送样本。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的全自动生化分析仪，其特征在于，还包括传力导轨，所述传力导轨的一端与导轨压块刚性连接，传力导轨的另一端与采样针压块固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的全自动生化分析仪，其特征在于，采样针分别在采样位、反应池位和计数池位停留，其中，采样位比反应池位和计数池位要更加靠近第二步进电机。
  6. 一种全自动生化分析仪的采样装置，其特征在于：包括机架、水平方向运动系统、垂直方向运动系统、采样组件和传力导轨，水平方向运动系统包括第一步进电机，垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机，第一步进电机和第二步进电机分别固定安装在机架上，采样组件包括采样针压块和采样针，传力导轨水平放置并且与垂直方向运动系统的指定部件刚性连接，采样组件与传力导轨滑动连接，水平方向运动系统驱动采样针在水平方向运动，垂直方向运动系统驱动采样针在垂直方向运动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述水平方向运动系统还包括第一同步带和水平导轨；所述垂直方向运动系统还包括第二同步带、第一 导向轴和导轨压块，导轨压块和第二同步带固定连接；所述采样组件还包括采样组件支架和第二导向轴。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的采样装置，其特征在于，采样组件支架与第一同步带固定连接，采样组件支架与水平导轨的滑块固定；在第一步进电机的驱动下，采样组件在水平导轨的导向作用下进行水平方向运动；传力导轨的滑块和采样针压块固定连接，在第二步进电机的驱动下，采样针压块随着传力导轨作垂直方向运动。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的采样装置，其特征在于，导轨压块和传力导轨固定连接。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的采样装置，其特征在于，采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块设有和导向柱相配合的孔。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的采样装置，其特征在于，导向柱为部分圆锥体。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，还包括光耦开关，所述光耦开光安装在机架上。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，采样组件支架和导轨压块上分别安装有光耦开关感应片。
  14. 根据权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述的传力导轨和水平导轨相互平行。
  15. 根据权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，采样组件在水平方向上依次运动到采样位、反应池位和计数池位。
  16. 一种利用全自动生化分析仪进行采样的方法，所述全自动生化分析仪包括有采样装置，其特征在于：该采样装置包括机架、水平方向运动系统、垂直方向运动系统、采样组件和传力导轨，其中，水平方向运动系统包括第一步进电机，垂直方向运动系统包括第二步进电机，第一步进电机和第二步进电机分别安装在机架上，采样组件包括采样针压块和采样针，传力导轨水平放置并且分别与垂直方向运动系统和采样针压块固定连接；所述方法包括如下步骤：
    a)启动第一步进电机，驱动采样组件在水平方向运动至采样位，关闭第一步进电机；
    b)启动第二步进电机，驱动采样针在垂直方向运动，并且刺穿装有样本的容器，吸取样本后，返回至采样位，关闭第二步进电机；
    c)启动第一步进电机，驱动采样组件在水平方向运动至反应池位，关闭第一步进电机；
    d)启动第二电机，驱动采样针在垂直方向运动，把样本加入到反应池，经过预先设定的反应时间后，采样针吸取部分反应后的混合液后运动至反应池位，关闭第二电机；
    e)启动第一电机，驱动采样针在水平方向运动至计数池位，关闭第一电机；
    f)启动第二电机，驱动采样针在垂直方向运动，将采样针吸取的部分反应后的混合液注入到计数池内，采样针退回至计数池位，关闭第二电机；
    g)启动第一电机，驱动采样针在水平方向运动至初始位置，关闭第一电机。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述水平方向运动系统还包括第一同步带和水平导轨；所述垂直方向运动系统还包括第二同步带、第一导向轴和导轨压块，导轨压块和第二同步带固定连接；所述采样组件还包括采样组件支架和第二导向轴。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，第一步进电机转轴上安装有第一同步带轮，第一同步带在第一同步带轮的驱动下作水平方向运动，采样组件支架与第一同步带固定连接，采样组件支架与传力导轨的滑块固定连接；传力导轨的滑块与采样针压块固定连接，传力导轨和水平导轨平行放置；第一同步带在水平方向运动时，采样组件在水平导轨和传力导轨共同导向下进行水平往复运动。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，导轨压块和采样针压块分别在第一导向轴和第二导向轴上作垂直滑动；导轨压块和同步带固定连接；传力导轨的滑块和采样针压块固定连接；当第二同步带在第二步进电机的驱动下作垂直方向的运动时，导轨压块通过传力导轨间接带动采样针压块在第一和第二导向轴的导向下作垂直往返运动；采样针和采样针压块固定连接，采样针在第二同步带驱动下跟随传力导轨做垂直升降运动，完成吸样和送样动作。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，当第二步进电机关闭，第一步进电机启动时，采样组件在水平方向运动到指定位置；当第一步进电机关闭第 二步进电机启动时，采样针在第二同步带驱动下跟随传力导做垂直升降运动。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的指定位置包括采样位、反应池位、计数池位。
  22. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，采样装置还包括光耦开关，所述光耦开光安装在采样装置的机架上；采样组件支架和导轨压块上分别安装有光耦开关感应片，当感应片遮挡住光耦时就会向控制系统发出开关信号。
  23. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，采样针压块包括导向柱，导轨压块在相应位置开有和导向柱配合的锥形孔，当采样组件和导轨压块接触时，导向柱旋入锥形孔内保持采样组件和压块地紧密接触。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的导向柱为圆锥体。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，采样组件水平方向运动到与导轨压块接触时，采样针压块通过导向柱和导轨压块的锥形孔导向结合，共同在第二同步带拉动下驱动采样针执行试管穿刺和吸取样本动作，当吸样完成后，采样针压块脱开导轨压块，然后带动采样针向水平方向输送样本。
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