WO2016055011A1 - 档位操纵机构 - Google Patents

档位操纵机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016055011A1
WO2016055011A1 PCT/CN2015/091496 CN2015091496W WO2016055011A1 WO 2016055011 A1 WO2016055011 A1 WO 2016055011A1 CN 2015091496 W CN2015091496 W CN 2015091496W WO 2016055011 A1 WO2016055011 A1 WO 2016055011A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positioning
gear
operating lever
housing
sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/091496
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩嘉骅
史文欣
韩富
Original Assignee
韩嘉骅
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 韩嘉骅 filed Critical 韩嘉骅
Publication of WO2016055011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016055011A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0217—Selector apparatus with electric switches or sensors not for gear or range selection, e.g. for controlling auxiliary devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0213—Selector apparatus with sealing means, e.g. against entry of dust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0278—Constructional features of the selector lever, e.g. grip parts, mounting or manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H2059/0221—Selector apparatus for selecting modes, i.e. input device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H2059/0239—Up- and down-shift or range or mode selection by repeated movement
    • F16H2059/0243—Up- and down-shift or range or mode selection by repeated movement with push buttons, e.g. shift buttons arranged on steering wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H2059/026—Details or special features of the selector casing or lever support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0278—Constructional features of the selector lever, e.g. grip parts, mounting or manufacturing
    • F16H2059/0282—Lever handles with lock mechanisms, e.g. for allowing selection of reverse gear or releasing lever from park position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of mobile machinery and industrial control technology, in particular to a gear position manipulation mechanism.
  • the gear position control mechanism is both a functional part and a moving part in a traveling machine such as a vehicle, such as the patent "shift handle with parking safety lock and quick downshift function", patent number: CN201041228Y.
  • the customer has high performance requirements for the gear operating mechanism and needs good safety and operation performance.
  • the existing gear operating mechanism has a complicated structure, a large volume, and a high cost.
  • due to the type of the vehicle and the manufacturer there are many differences in the specific structure of the gear operating mechanism, and the versatility between the products is poor, resulting in inconvenience in design, processing, inventory, and maintenance. Due to the size and structure, the installation position and usage of the existing gear operating mechanism are too singular.
  • the present invention provides a gear position control mechanism, which can simplify the structure, reduce the volume, and reduce the cost. At the same time, the versatility of the gear operating mechanism is improved.
  • a gear operating mechanism including an operating mechanism body and a shifting mechanism mounted on the operating mechanism body, wherein the operating mechanism body includes or includes an operating lever assembly and is mounted on the operating lever assembly
  • the operation button assembly the shifting mechanism includes an encoding device, a positioning shifting device, and a fixed connecting device; wherein the encoding device is disposed at a left end of the positioning shifting device, and the encoding device is replaced with the positioning device
  • the blocking devices are all housed in the fixed connection device.
  • the operating rod assembly comprises a hollow rod-shaped operating rod housing or a solid operating rod housing, or a hollow rod-shaped operating rod housing and an operating rod housed in the operating rod housing; when the operating rod assembly
  • the utility model comprises a hollow rod-shaped operating rod housing and an operating rod which is arranged in the operating rod housing; the upper and lower ends of the operating rod are respectively connected with a connecting slider and a locking slider, a locking spring and a spring positioning sleeve are disposed outside the operating rod between the connecting slider and the locking slider; wherein the connecting slider and the locking slider are both opposite to the operating lever housing
  • the inner wall is slidably connected.
  • the spring positioning sleeve is fixed to an inner wall of the operating rod housing.
  • the spring positioning sleeve and the operating rod housing are of a unitary structure.
  • the operating rod outer casing is slidably coupled to the sleeve, and the slidable connecting sleeve is slidably coupled to the operating rod housing.
  • the operating lever housing is provided with a pair of sliding slots.
  • the operating lever outer sleeve operating lever fixes the connecting sleeve, and the operating rod fixing connecting sleeve is fixed to the bottom end of the operating rod housing.
  • the upper end of the operating rod housing is provided with a U-shaped groove or an n-type groove having unequal lengths on both sides.
  • the operation button component is an operation button, and the operation button passes through the U-shaped slot or the n-type slot and can slide along the U-shaped slot or the N-type slot, the operation button An end located inside the operating lever housing is coupled to the connecting slider.
  • the operation button assembly includes a handle button and a handle button housing, wherein the right end of the handle button has a profiled slot, the profiled slot has a deep slot end and a shallow slot end; and the handle button housing has a left end open a blind hole having a cylindrical flange at a bottom end, the inner hole of the cylindrical flange being in communication with the blind hole; the handle button being placed in the blind hole and the handle button and the blind A return spring is mounted between the bottoms of the holes, and the handle button is slidably coupled to the handle button housing.
  • operation button assembly is fixedly connected to the operation lever assembly through the cylindrical flange.
  • a limiting rolling body is mounted between the connecting slider and the shaped groove.
  • the positioning shifting device comprises a positioning component and an inner core, wherein the positioning component is at least one set, and each set of positioning components comprises a small sleeve and a positioning spring sleeved in the small sleeve, the small sleeve a small slider is disposed in the tube at both ends of the positioning spring, and a positioning rolling body is disposed in the small sleeve at the outer end position of the small slider; the left end of the inner core has at least one for receiving the housing a limiting slot of the positioning component, the limiting slot passing through the axis of the inner core and completely extending through the entire inner
  • the core or portion extends through the entire inner core;
  • the outer surface of the inner core is provided with at least one positioning connection sleeve and a fastening sleeve.
  • the small sleeve is part of the inner core or a separate piece that is separate from the inner core.
  • the middle portion of the positioning connecting sleeve is provided with at least one circumferential positioning hole or positioning groove.
  • a circumferential angle between two nearest positioning holes respectively located on two adjacent positioning connecting sleeves is less than or equal to two adjacent positioning holes or positioning grooves on the same positioning connecting sleeve Half of the circumferential angle.
  • an axial edge of one side of the inner wall of the positioning connecting sleeve is provided with a slope or a chamfer.
  • the middle portion of the inner core has a shoulder.
  • the positioning shifting device further includes a main shaft set in the inner core, the main shaft is a cylindrical structure, and the left end of the main shaft has a thin-walled flange, and the middle portion of the main shaft is The corresponding position of the limiting slot is open with at least one first through hole, the first through hole perpendicularly intersecting the axis of the main shaft.
  • the main shaft and the inner core are functional descriptions of different parts of a part or two different parts, that is, the main shaft is part of the inner core or a separate part independent of the inner core.
  • the right end of the spindle is provided with a sealing plug.
  • the left end of the main shaft is provided with a hollow wire-traveling sleeve, and a second through hole is formed in the wire-sleeve corresponding to the first through-hole of the main shaft.
  • the inner hole of the wire sleeve is a stepped hole
  • the transition portion of the stepped hole is a cone-like smooth transition structure
  • the right end of the inner core is fixed with an inner core fixed connection sleeve, and the right end of the inner core fixed connection sleeve is hinged with the operation rod fixed connection sleeve.
  • the right end of the main shaft is hinged with the sliding joint or connected to the sliding grooves on both sides of the slidable connecting sleeve. Further, the right end of the main shaft is connected to the sliding groove on the operating rod housing through a rotating shaft, so that the main shaft can slide along the sliding groove on the operating rod housing.
  • the fixed connection device includes an initial portion of the outer casing, a middle portion of the outer casing, and a final portion of the outer casing; the initial portion of the outer casing, the middle portion of the outer casing, and the end portion of the outer casing are sequentially connected, and the left and right sides of the positioning connecting sleeve
  • the two ends are respectively fixed to the initial portion of the outer casing and the inner wall of the middle portion of the outer casing, and the left and right ends of the fixing sleeve are respectively fixed to the inner middle portion of the outer casing and the inner wall of the outer end portion of the outer casing;
  • the upper part is provided with a gear slot, and the operating mechanism body is connected to the positioning shifting device through the gear position slot.
  • a lower portion of the outer end of the outer casing is provided with a locking positioning hole arranged in the circumferential direction and engaging with the end of the locking slider.
  • a left end cover is mounted on the left end of the first stage of the outer casing.
  • a lower portion of the outer end of the outer casing is provided with a locking positioning hole arranged circumferentially and engaging with the end of the locking slider, or a right end cover is mounted at the right end of the outer end of the outer casing, or
  • the lower portion of the segment is provided with a locking positioning hole arranged in the circumferential direction and cooperating with the end of the locking slider, and a right end cover is mounted on the right end of the end portion of the outer casing.
  • both ends of the middle portion of the outer casing have protrusions, and an annular groove is formed at a position corresponding to the protruding portion of the middle portion of the outer casing and the end portion of the outer casing, and both the initial portion of the outer casing and the end portion of the outer casing pass through The engagement of the protrusion and the annular groove is fixed to the middle section of the outer casing.
  • middle section of the outer casing and the fixing sleeve are of a unitary structure, or the initial section of the outer casing, the middle section of the outer casing and the fixing sleeve are of a unitary structure.
  • the inner hole of the wire sleeve is a stepped hole
  • the transition portion of the stepped hole is a cone-like smooth transition structure
  • the encoding device includes an encoder disk, a switch circuit board, and a switch group fixed on the switch circuit board; wherein the code disk is fixed on a left end surface of the inner core, and the switch circuit The board is secured within the initial section of the housing by a board positioning tab.
  • a circular hole is opened in a middle portion of the encoder disk, and a diameter of the circular hole is larger than a diameter of a left end of the spindle.
  • the switch group includes a circumferential switch group.
  • the switch group includes a circumferential switch group and an axial switch group.
  • the circumferential switch group includes at least two circumferential switches disposed on the switch circuit board.
  • the axial switch group includes at least one axial switch disposed on the switch circuit board; when the axial switch selects the photoelectric switch, the shielding slot of the axial switch is electrically connected to the switch The distance between the center points of the plates is equal.
  • the distance between the axial switch and the center of the switch circuit board is smaller than the distance of the circumferential switch from the center of the switch circuit board.
  • gear operating mechanism is provided with a line channel for installing an electronic control button.
  • the connecting slider has a through hole or a through slot in the axial direction, or the connecting slider has a gap with the inner wall of the operating lever housing to form the line channel a.
  • a gap is formed between the locking spring and the operating rod to form a line channel b.
  • a gap is formed between the spring positioning sleeve and the operating rod to form a line passage c.
  • a hole or a groove is formed in a lower portion of the operating lever housing to form a line passage d.
  • a through hole is formed in a middle portion of the sealing plug to form a line passage e.
  • the inner hole passage of the main shaft forms a line passage f.
  • the inner hole passage of the wire sleeve forms a line passage g.
  • a circular hole is formed in the middle of the switch circuit board to form a line channel h.
  • a hole is formed in the middle of the positioning plate of the circuit board to form a line channel i.
  • a circular hole is formed in the middle of the left end cover to form a line channel j.
  • the left end of the main shaft or the left end of the inner core is provided with a hollow cable sleeve, and a second through hole is formed on the wire sleeve at a position corresponding to the first through hole of the main shaft.
  • the locking positioning hole arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer end of the outer casing and cooperating with the end of the locking slider is tapered; or the locking slider end is tapered, or the locking is dead
  • the end of the slider and the locking locating holes that match it are tapered.
  • the operating lever is located outside the connecting slider and the locking slider, and the routing slider is slidably connected to the inner wall of the operating lever housing;
  • the side wall of the wire slider is provided with holes or slots for routing.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: providing a gear operating mechanism that can be applied to a control system such as direction, speed or displacement of a vehicle or other equipment.
  • a positioning steel ball or other rolling body to locate the positioning hole in the circumferential wall of the connecting sleeve (the positioning hole can be a card slot)
  • the circumferential or axial position of the main shaft that drives the rolling element is discretized according to the position of the rolling element, and the encoder disc assembly is mounted on the end surface of the inner core, and the main shaft is in each specific discrete position in the circumference and the axial direction.
  • a particular relative positional relationship of a particular combination of coded discs and corresponding illumination combinations can be generated to produce different signal outputs.
  • the switch combination described above may be a combination of a photoelectric switch combination and a code disk, or may be replaced with a combination of a Hall switch combination and a ferromagnetic substance structure; in the drawings of the present specification, a combination of a photoelectric switch combination and a code disk is taken as an example for description. Since the rolling elements have a clamping force in a symmetrical position, the clamping function can be realized in a small space.
  • the double-row or multi-row hole positioning scheme can achieve more gear signal output by triggering the axial switch group with different positions of the thin-walled flange of the main shaft.
  • the invention can also be used as a control mechanism for the engine speed, etc., by fixing the mounting drum on the left end of the inner core or the inner core fixing connecting sleeve or other parts coaxially rotating with the inner core, and fixing one end of the engine cable to the end.
  • the reel On the reel; when the inner core rotates, the reel is driven to rotate, and the reel can drive the cable of the engine to stretch, thereby controlling the throttle or throttle size of the engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a gear position manipulation mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the gear position steering mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a switch portion of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an encoder disk according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a switch portion of the first embodiment of the present invention in cooperation with a code disc;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a positioning connecting sleeve according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a main shaft according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of an inner core according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of a distal end portion of a casing according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a lever housing according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is an exploded view of the body of the operating mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of a slidable connecting sleeve a according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of a slidable connecting sleeve b according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the operating rod fixing connecting sleeve of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a structural schematic view showing the inner core fixed connection sleeve of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of a gear position steering mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of an initial stage of a casing according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural view of a middle portion of a casing according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural view of a handle button according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of a handle button housing according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic structural view of a left end cap according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a partial structural schematic view of a gear operating mechanism a according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the structure of an elongated spindle of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic structural view of an elongated inner core according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a block diagram showing the structure of an elongated encoder disk according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic structural view of an elongated switch portion of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a structural schematic view showing the cooperation of the elongated switch portion and the elongated encoder disk in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural view of an elongated positioning positioning sleeve according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 29 is a block diagram showing the structure of a portion of the gear position steering mechanism b of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the external structure of Figure 29;
  • Figure 31 is a schematic structural view of a dual positioning spindle of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of a dual positioning inner core according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 is a schematic structural view of a gear position manipulation mechanism according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic structural view of a gear position manipulation mechanism according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 35 is an exploded view of a gear operating mechanism of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 36 is a schematic structural view of a left end cover of a single row of holes according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a schematic structural view of a monolithic casing according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 38 is a schematic structural view of a wire harness sleeve according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 39 is a schematic structural view of a positioning and connecting sleeve of a single row of holes according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 40 is a schematic structural view of a core of a single row of holes according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 41 is a schematic structural view of a plastic dust boot according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 42 is a structural schematic view showing the end section of the outer casing of the single row of holes in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 43 is a schematic structural view of a right end cap of a single row of holes according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 44 is a schematic view showing the structure of a switch portion of a single row of holes in a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a gear position steering mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes an operating mechanism body and a shifting mechanism mounted on the operating mechanism body, wherein the operating mechanism body includes an operating lever assembly and is mounted on the operating lever An operating button assembly on the assembly;
  • the shifting mechanism includes an encoding device, a positioning shifting device, and a fixed connecting device; wherein the encoding device is disposed at a left end of the positioning shifting device, and the encoding device and the positioning
  • the shifting devices are all housed in the fixed connecting device, and the encoding device comprises a photoelectric encoding device or a Hall encoding device or a combination of the two A hybrid coding device.
  • the operating lever assembly includes a hollow rod-shaped operating lever housing 101 and an operating lever 102 that is disposed in the operating lever housing 101; the upper and lower ends of the operating lever 102 are respectively Connecting the connecting slider 103 and the locking slider 104, the operating lever 102 is located outside the connecting slider 103 and the locking slider 104, and the locking spring 105 and the spring positioning sleeve 106; Both the connecting slider 103 and the locking slider 104 are slidably coupled to the inner wall of the lever housing 101.
  • the spring positioning sleeve 106 is fixed to the inner wall of the operating rod housing 101.
  • the spring positioning sleeve 106 and the operating rod housing 101 are of a unitary structure.
  • the operating lever housing 101 is sleeved with a sliding connection sleeve 107, and the slidable connecting sleeve 107 is slidably coupled to the operating lever housing 101.
  • the operating lever housing 101 is provided with a pair of sliding slots.
  • the operating lever housing 101 is externally fitted with the operating rod fixed connection sleeve 108, and the operating rod fixed connecting sleeve 108 is fixed to the bottom end of the operating rod housing 101.
  • the upper end of the operating rod housing 101 is provided with a U-shaped groove 1011 or an n-type groove having two sides of different lengths.
  • the operation button assembly is an operation button 109, and the operation button 109 passes through the U-shaped slot 1011 or the n-type slot and can be along the U-shaped slot.
  • the 1011 or n-type groove slides, and one end of the operation button 109 located inside the operation lever housing 101 is connected to the connection slider 103.
  • the operation button assembly includes a handle button 201 and a handle button housing 202.
  • the right end of the handle button 201 has a shaped slot 2011, and the shaped slot 2011 has a deep slot end. And a shallow slot end;
  • the left end of the handle button housing 202 has a blind hole 2021, and the bottom end has a cylindrical flange 2022, and the inner hole of the cylindrical flange 2022 communicates with the blind hole 2021;
  • a handle button 201 is placed in the blind hole 2021 and the hand
  • a return spring 2023 is mounted between the handle button 201 and the bottom of the blind hole 2021, and the handle button 201 is slidably coupled to the handle button housing 202.
  • the gear position manipulation mechanism provided by the embodiment of the invention is fixedly connected to the operation rod assembly through the cylindrical flange 2022.
  • a limit rolling body 203 is installed between the connecting slider 103 and the special-shaped groove 2011.
  • the gear shifting mechanism includes a positioning component 110 and an inner core 111, wherein the positioning component 110 is at least one set, and each set of positioning components 110 includes a small sleeve 1101. And a positioning spring 1102 disposed in the small sleeve 1101, and a small slider 1103 is disposed in the small sleeve 1101 at both ends of the positioning spring 1102.
  • the small sleeve 1101 is located at the outer end of the small slider 1103.
  • Each of the left ends of the inner core 111 has at least one limiting slot 1111 for receiving the positioning component 110.
  • the limiting slot 1111 passes through the axis of the inner core 111 and extends through the inner core.
  • the outer surface of the inner core 111 is provided with at least one positioning connecting sleeve 112 and a fixing sleeve 113; the middle portion of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 is provided with at least one circular positioning hole 1121 uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and The circumferential angle between each adjacent two positioning holes 1121 is 20°.
  • the gear position steering mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a circumferential angle of 10° between two nearest positioning holes 1121 of the adjacent two positioning connecting sleeves 112.
  • the axial edge of one side of the inner wall of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 is provided with a slope or chamfer.
  • the inner core 111 has a shoulder 1112 in the middle.
  • the position shifting device further includes a main shaft 114 that is disposed in the inner core 111.
  • the main shaft 114 has a cylindrical structure, and the left end of the main shaft 114 has a thin shape.
  • the right end of the main shaft 114 is provided with a sealing plug 411.
  • the left end of the main shaft 114 is provided with a hollow walk.
  • the wire sleeve 504 has a second through hole 5041 at a position corresponding to the first through hole 1142 of the main shaft 114.
  • the right end of the inner core 111 is fixed with the inner core fixed connection sleeve 115, and the right end of the inner core fixed connection sleeve 115 is hinged with the operation rod fixed connection sleeve 108. .
  • the right end of the main shaft 114 is hinged with the slidable connecting sleeve 107.
  • the right end of the main shaft 114 is connected to the sliding slot on the operating rod housing 101 by screws, so that the main shaft 114 can slide along the sliding slot on the operating rod housing 101. .
  • the gear position control mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the outer casing portion 116, the outer casing portion 117 and the outer casing end portion 118; the outer casing portion 116, the outer casing portion 117 and the outer casing end portion 118 are sequentially connected,
  • the left and right ends of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 are respectively fixed to the inner casing 116 of the outer casing and the inner wall of the outer casing 117, and the left and right ends of the fixing sleeve 113 are respectively opposite to the middle portion 117 of the outer casing and the outer casing.
  • the inner wall of the segment 118 is fixed; the upper portion of the outer casing 118 is provided with a gear slot 1181, and the operating mechanism body is connected to the positioning shifting device through the gear slot 1181; the outer casing 118
  • the lower portion is open with at least one turn of a locking locating hole 1182 that is evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and that cooperates with the end of the locking slider 104.
  • the left end cover 501 is installed at the left end of the first stage 116 of the outer casing.
  • the right end cover 502 is mounted on the right end of the outer casing end section 118.
  • both ends of the middle portion 117 of the outer casing have protrusions, and the positions of the outer casing portion 116 and the outer casing end portion 118 corresponding to the protruding portions of the middle portion 117 of the casing are annularly formed.
  • the slot, the outer casing portion 116 and the outer casing end portion 118 are secured to the outer casing section 117 by the engagement of the projections and the annular groove.
  • the outer casing section 117 and the fixing sleeve 113 are of a unitary structure.
  • a gear operating mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the outer casing 116 and the outer casing 117 And the fixing sleeve 113 is of a unitary structure.
  • the gear position control mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes an encoder disk 119, a switch circuit board 120, and a switch group 121 fixed to the switch circuit board 120; wherein the code disk 119 is fixed at On the left end surface of the inner core 111, the switch circuit board 120 is fixed in the initial section 116 of the outer casing through the circuit board positioning piece 122.
  • the code disc 119 has a circular hole in the middle thereof, and the diameter of the circular hole is larger than the diameter of the main shaft 114.
  • the gear position steering mechanism provided by the embodiment of the invention includes the circumferential switch group 1211.
  • the switch group 121 includes a circumferential switch group 1211 and an axial switch group 1212.
  • the circumferential switch group 1211 includes four circumferential switches uniformly disposed at the upper end of the switch circuit board 120, and the angle between adjacent two circumferential switches is 40°. .
  • the axial switch group 1212 includes at least one axial switch disposed at a lower end of the switch circuit board 120.
  • the axial switch is a photoelectric switch
  • the axial switch The distance between the shielding slots and the center of the switch circuit board 120 is equal.
  • the gear position control mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention, when the circumferential switch and the axial switch are both photoelectric switches, the distance of the shielding slot of the axial switch from the center of the switch circuit board 120 is smaller than the said The shielding slot of the circumferential switch is at a distance from the center of the switch circuit board 120.
  • the gear position steering mechanism provided by the embodiment of the invention has a line channel for installing an electronic control button.
  • the connecting slider 103 has a through hole or a slot in the axial direction to form a line channel a401.
  • a gap is formed between the locking spring 105 and the operating rod 102 to form a line channel b402.
  • the gear position steering mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a gap between the spring positioning sleeve 106 and the operating rod 102 to form a line channel c403.
  • the operation lever housing 101 has a hole in a lower portion thereof.
  • a line channel d404 is formed.
  • a through hole is formed in the middle of the sealing plug 411 to form a line channel e405.
  • the inner hole passage of the main shaft 114 forms a line channel f406.
  • the inner hole passage of the wire drawing sleeve 504 forms a line channel g407.
  • a circular hole is formed in the middle of the switch circuit board 120 to form a line channel h408.
  • a hole is formed in the middle of the circuit board positioning piece 122 to form a line channel i409.
  • the left end cover 501 has a circular hole in the middle thereof to form a line channel j410.
  • the structure of the gear operating mechanism of several specific embodiments will be specifically described below.
  • Fig. 1 is a view showing the configuration of a gear position control mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a gear position control mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a schematic structural view of a switch portion including a circumferential switch group 1211, an axial switch group 1212, and a switch circuit board 120.
  • the circumferential switch block 1211 includes four circumferential switches
  • the axial switch set 1212 includes an axial switch.
  • the four circumferential switches are evenly arranged on the upper part of the switch circuit board 120 along the center of the circle, and the angle between the adjacent two circumferential switches is 40°, and the circumferential switch is responsible for collecting the rotation angle signal of the code disk 119 during the shifting.
  • the mating relationship is shown in FIG. 5; the axial switch is vertically arranged in the diametrical direction at the lower portion of the circumferential switch, and the axial switch collects the axial position signal of the thin-walled flange 1141 on the main shaft 114, and the occlusion slot of the axial switch
  • the distance from the center of the circle is less than the distance from the center of the circumferential switch.
  • the five switches can theoretically distinguish 32 different signals, which far exceeds the gear signals on general construction machinery and vehicles, and the application range is more extensive; the switch is mounted on the switch circuit board 120, and the switch circuit board 120 is mounted on the circuit.
  • the board positioning piece 122 the board positioning piece 122 is mounted on the initial stage 116 of the housing.
  • the pins of the switch are soldered to the switch circuit board 120, and the switch circuit board 120 is fixed to the circuit board positioning piece 122 by screws or the like.
  • the wire passage at the rear end of the switch circuit board 120 The circular hole on the board positioning piece 122 enters the small hole and is connected to the outside.
  • the switch generates different positions of the encoder disc 119 relative to the circumferential switch during the rotation of the encoder disc 119 or the axial movement of the spindle 114, or the corresponding signal of the spindle 114 relative to the different positions of the axial switch group 1212, the corresponding signal Incoming control system to control the corresponding gear operation.
  • the code disk 119 is coaxially connected to one end of the inner core 111 by a screw or the like, and the encoder disk 119 is involved in the code.
  • the cylindrical thin-walled flange 1141 extends into the circumferential switch group 1211. In the middle of each of the switches, the cylindrical thin-walled flange 1141 is made of an opaque material, but a portion of the position is in the form of a notch or a groove to transmit light at the position.
  • the structure of the code disc 119 is as shown in FIG.
  • the occlusion portion and the notch portion are 20°, the middle protrusion is 40°, and the rightmost end notch is also 40°;
  • the code disc 119 has a cylindrical structure, and one end is a circular ring.
  • There is a circular hole in the middle of the annular portion the diameter of the circular hole is larger than the outer diameter of the main shaft 114 to facilitate the passage of the main shaft 114, and the mounting hole on the annular portion can be connected and coaxial with the axial end of the inner core 111.
  • a positioning connecting sleeve 112 the inner wall of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 is engaged with the outer wall of the inner core 111, the positioning connecting sleeve 112 is rotatable relative to the inner core 111; the outer ends of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 are uniformly arranged along the circumference 4 a mounting hole, one end is connected to the initial section 116 of the outer casing through the mounting hole, and the other end is connected to the middle section 117 of the outer casing through the mounting hole to achieve a fixed connection between the positioning connecting sleeve 112 and the initial section 116 of the outer casing and the middle section 117 of the casing; There are two through-holes arranged uniformly symmetrically along the circumference for positioning, 18 per turn, called positioning holes 1121, and the angle between the centers of each adjacent two positioning holes 1121 is 20°, which is used during the shifting process.
  • the position of the positioning rolling body 1104 is restricted to achieve the position of the shifting position and the position of the card. Further, the axial edge of the inner wall of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 is machined with a bevel or chamfer as shown in FIG. 6 to facilitate positioning and rolling.
  • the body 1104, the small slider 1103 and the small sleeve 1101 of the positioning spring 1102 are fitted into the interior of the positioning connection sleeve 112.
  • Figure 7 is a main shaft 114.
  • the front end of the main shaft 114 is a thin-walled flange 1141.
  • the thin-walled flange 1141 partially enters the shielding groove of the axial switch at the lower end of the switch portion. Thereby, a signal corresponding to the state at the time of occlusion is generated; conversely, if it is in the right position, a signal corresponding to the state at the time of occlusion is not generated.
  • the middle portion of the main shaft 114 has a cylindrical structure, and the outer wall of the middle portion of the main shaft 114 is coaxially engaged with the inner wall of the inner core 111.
  • the middle portion of the main shaft 114 can slide left and right in the inner hole of the inner core 111.
  • the middle portion of the main shaft 114 also has a first through hole 1142.
  • An interference fit is achieved with the small sleeve 1101 to move the small sleeve 1101 along with the spindle 114, the axis of the first through hole 1142 intersecting the axis of the spindle 114 perpendicularly.
  • the end of the main shaft 114 is a connecting portion, which is hinged to the slidable connecting sleeve 107 through two symmetrical mounting holes or is connected to the sliding groove on both sides of the slidable connecting sleeve 107 through the rotating shaft, or directly installs the mounting hole at the end of the main shaft 114. It is connected with the chute on the operating lever housing 101, thereby realizing the movement mode in which the operating lever housing 101 drives the axial movement of the main shaft 114 and the circumferential rotation.
  • the 8 is an inner core 111.
  • the wall surface of the inner hole of the inner core 111 cooperates with the outer wall of the middle portion of the main shaft 114.
  • the main shaft 114 can slide relative to the inner hole of the inner core 111.
  • the left end of the inner core 111 has a rectangular shape at the center of the semicircle.
  • the through slot passes through the inner core 111 through the axis of the inner core 111, and is called a limiting slot 1111.
  • the width of the limiting slot 1111 matches the outer diameter of the small sleeve 1101. When the main shaft 114 moves axially, the small sleeve 1101 is driven.
  • the limiting slot 1111 of the inner core 111 slides left and right.
  • the main shaft 114 drives the small sleeve 1101 and the small sleeve 1101 to simultaneously drive the inner core 111 to rotate.
  • the left end portion of the inner core 111 has four mounting holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the encoder disk 119 is fixed to the inner core 111 through the mounting holes.
  • the outer surface of the inner core 111 has a shoulder 1112 in the middle of the axial direction, and the outer surface of the inner core 111 on the left side of the shoulder 1112 cooperates with the inner surface of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 to realize the inner core 111 in the positioning connecting sleeve 112.
  • the outer cylindrical outer surface of the inner core 111 shoulder 1112 cooperates with the inner surface of the fixing sleeve 113 to realize the rotation of the inner core 111 in the fixing sleeve 113; the inner shoulder 111 of the inner core 111 realizes the inner core 111
  • the axial positioning between the positioning connecting sleeve 112 and the fixing sleeve 113; the outer right end of the inner core 111 has four mounting holes uniformly arranged along the circumference, and the inner core fixing connecting sleeve 115 passes through the mounting hole and the inner core 111
  • the other end of the axial direction is coaxially connected to drive the inner core 111 to rotate together when the inner core fixed connection sleeve 115 rotates.
  • the inner core fixed connection sleeve 115 together with the shoulder 1112 of the inner core 111 achieves axial positioning of the fixed sleeve 113.
  • Figure 9 is the end section 118 of the outer casing.
  • the left end of the outer end section 118 of the outer casing has four mounting holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the end section 118 of the outer casing is connected to the fixing sleeve 113 through the mounting hole; the right end of the end section 118 of the outer casing
  • the upper part is provided with a gear slot 1181.
  • the operating lever housing 101 moves in the gear slot 1181. After being marked, the position information of the different gear positions can be clearly provided to the operator, and the limit change of the operating lever housing 101 is restricted.
  • the gear position and the shifting sequence; the lower end of the right end of the outer casing 118 has two loops of locking positioning holes 1182 uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the locking positioning holes 1182 cooperate with the ends of the locking sliders 10424, when the end of the blocking slider 10424 is locked In the locking positioning hole 1182, the shift operating lever housing 101 cannot move.
  • the locking slider 10424 must be moved out of the locking positioning hole 1182 to perform shifting, thereby avoiding the occurrence of misoperation and improving. Safety and reliability.
  • Figure 10 is a lever housing 101.
  • the lever housing 101 is an elongated hollow rod having a U-shaped slot 1011 on the outer surface of the upper end. One side of the U-shaped slot 1011 is higher than the other side, and is operated during shifting.
  • the button 109 slides in the slot; the inner wall of the operating lever housing 101 is slidably engaged with the connecting slider 103 and the locking slider 104; the outer portion of the operating lever housing 101 is slidably engaged with the slidable connecting sleeve 107; a through hole, a spring positioning sleeve 106 is mounted in the hollow inner cavity of the operating rod housing 101 and fixed to the operating rod housing 101 by welding at the through hole portion; the operating rod fixedly connects the inner wall of the sleeve with the operating rod
  • the outer wall of the outer casing 101 fits and is welded to the bottom of the lever housing 101 at the mating edge.
  • 11 is an operating lever assembly including an operating lever housing 101, a connecting slider 103, an operating button 109, an operating lever 102, a locking spring 105, a spring positioning sleeve 106, a slidable connecting sleeve 107, and an operating lever fixed
  • the operating rod housing 101 is an elongated hollow rod, the inner wall of the operating rod housing 101 is slidably engaged with the connecting slider 103, and the locking slider 104; the outer portion of the operating rod housing 101 Sliding engagement with the slidable connecting sleeve 107;
  • the operating lever housing 101 There are two through holes in the middle, and the spring positioning sleeve 106 is installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the operating lever housing 101 and is fixedly coupled with the operating rod housing 101 by welding.
  • the spring positioning sleeve 106 defines one end of the locking spring 105 at The designated position; the lever fixed connection sleeve 108 is welded or fixedly coupled to the bottom of the lever housing 101 at the mating edge.
  • the upper surface of the upper end of the operating lever housing 101 has a U-shaped groove 1011.
  • One side of the U-shaped groove 1011 is higher than the other side, and the operation button 109 slides up and down in the U-shaped groove during the shifting process.
  • the operation button 109 is located on the lower side of the U-shaped groove on the surface of the operating lever housing 101.
  • the end of the locking slider 104 is pressed by the operating rod 102 driven by the connecting slider 103 to press against the end portion 118 of the housing.
  • the shifting mechanism is in the locked state and cannot be changed; when the shifting is required, the operating button 109 is toggled to the higher side of the U-shaped slot 1011, and the operating button 109 drives the connection.
  • the slider 103 moves upward and, under the action of the locking spring 105, causes the locking slider 104 to slide out of the locking positioning hole 1182, thereby causing the shifting mechanism to be in a freely shiftable state, and then performing a shifting operation.
  • Figure 12 is a slidable connecting sleeve 107a, the inner wall of the slidable connecting sleeve 107a is slidably engaged with the outer wall of the operating rod housing 101; the outer center of the slidable connecting sleeve 107a has two centering mounting holes through which the mounting holes are connected
  • the main shaft 114 is movably movable with the main shaft 114 during shifting and can be slid on the operating lever housing 101 to solve the problem of the positional change of the mounting hole and the operating lever housing 101 on the main shaft 114 during shifting.
  • Figure 13 is a slidable connection sleeve 107b, the slidable connection sleeve 107b is welded or fixedly connected to the outside of the operation rod housing 101; the outer center of the slidable connection sleeve 107 has a trough having a rectangular shape at the center of the semicircle, Through the rotating shaft of the main shaft 114, the sliding groove of the slidable connecting sleeve 107b is connected with the main shaft 114 so as to be movable together with the main shaft 114, and the rotating shaft can be rectangular in the middle of the semicircle at both ends of the slidable connecting sleeve 107b.
  • the sliding groove slides to solve the problem of the positional change of the mounting hole on the main shaft 114 and the sliding groove of the slidable connecting sleeve 107b during the shifting process.
  • This function can also be realized by directly inserting the rotating shaft passing through the main shaft 114 into the chutes on both sides of the operating lever housing 101.
  • Figure 14 is a lever fixing connection sleeve 108.
  • the inner wall of the lever fixing sleeve 108 is welded to the outside of the lever housing 101 by edge welding; the center of the lever fixing sleeve 108 is centered at the center.
  • the mounting holes are hinged to the inner core fixing connecting sleeve 115 through the mounting holes, and are rotatable relative to the inner core fixing connecting sleeve 115.
  • Figure 15 is an inner core fixing connection sleeve 115.
  • the left end of the inner core fixing connection sleeve 115 has four mounting holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the inner core fixing connecting sleeve 115 and the inner core 111 are connected by screws, so that The inner core fixed connection sleeve 115 and the inner core 111 have the same moving state;
  • the right end of the inner core fixed connection sleeve 115 is a connecting portion, and the two centering mounting holes of the connecting portion are below the central axis of the part, and are fixed by the inner core of the mounting hole
  • the connecting sleeve 115 is hinged to the operating rod fixed connecting sleeve 108 to provide a hinge point for the left and right swing of the operating lever housing 101.
  • This embodiment is that a new shift positioning and a mechanism with a locking function are proposed, so that the shifting structure is simplified, the volume is reduced, and the flexible installation and use are facilitated, and can be changed into different files according to actual use requirements.
  • the versatility of the shifting device or other steering mechanisms such as speed, direction, position, etc. is greatly improved.
  • the use of standard components in the design process greatly reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • gear position control mechanism of the present invention can be used in practical applications where the external environmental conditions are relatively harsh and the sealing requirements are high; in addition, the operation button 109 in the first mode is relatively complicated in the case where frequent shifting operations are required. Mode 2 can solve the above problems well and meet specific usage requirements.
  • 15 and 16 are structural views of a gear position steering mechanism according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is an initial section 116 of the outer casing that is similar in construction to the initial section 116 of the outer casing in the first embodiment.
  • a specific position inside the initial section 116 of the shell; the right end cylindrical surface of the first section 116 has four mounting holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and an annular groove of a certain depth as shown in FIG. 17 is machined under the mounting hole, and the annular groove and the middle section 117 of the outer casing
  • the overlapping portions are overlapped so that the sealing property is improved.
  • the mounting hole of the initial section 116 of the outer casing connects the initial section 116 of the outer casing, the middle section 117 of the outer casing and the positioning connecting sleeve 112 together by screws so that the three are integrated.
  • the left end of the outer section 116 of the outer casing is fitted with an end cap to further improve the overall sealing.
  • Figure 18 is a middle section 117 of the outer casing which is similar in construction to the midsection 117 of the outer casing in the first embodiment.
  • the left end cylindrical surface of the outer casing section 117 has four mounting holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the outer circle is processed into the same as shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the structure is such that the left end mounting hole portion becomes a protruding portion, and a sealing groove is formed at the edge of the protruding portion, and the left end protruding portion of the middle portion 117 of the outer casing overlaps with the annular groove portion at the right end of the initial portion 116 of the outer casing, and the sealing ring is simultaneously assembled in the sealing groove, so that The sealing property is improved; the left end mounting hole of the middle portion 117 of the outer casing connects the outer casing portion 117, the outer casing portion 116 and the positioning connecting sleeve 112 together by screws, so that the three are integrated.
  • the right end cylindrical surface of the middle portion 117 of the outer casing 117 also has four mounting holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the right end mounting hole portion becomes a protruding portion, and a sealing groove is formed on both sides of the mounting hole at the right end, and the structural form is the same as the left end.
  • the mounting hole is overlapped and connected with the outer end portion 118 of the outer casing by screws, and the sealing ring is simultaneously assembled in the sealing groove, so that the two are integrated, and the sealing property is improved.
  • the handle button 201 is a handle button 201, the structure of the handle button 201 is as shown in FIG. 19, the left end of the handle button 201 is a small-diameter cylindrical portion, the right end is a large-diameter cylindrical portion, and a large-diameter cylindrical portion is axially processed on the cylindrical surface.
  • the profiled groove 2011 has a radial depth greater than the radial depth of the other end, and the depth of one end of the profiled groove 2011 is greater than the depth of the other end; when the gear is not shifted, the handle button 201 is in the initial position under the action of the return button 2023 of the handle button 201.
  • the position of the rolling element 203 is located in the shallow groove portion of the shaped groove 2011.
  • the limit rolling element 203 in the groove connecting the top end of the slider 103 is pressed down to connect the slider 103, and the end of the sliding block 104 is locked by the operating rod 102. Pressing into the end section 118 of the housing In the locking positioning hole 1182, the gear operating mechanism cannot be shifted; when the handle button 201 is pressed, the handle button 201 slides to cause the limiting rolling body 203 to slide to the deep groove portion of the shaped groove 2011, at this time due to the locking spring
  • the action of the 105 pushes up the connecting slider 103, and the connecting slider 103 simultaneously drives the operating rod 102 and the locking slider 104 to move upward, so that the lower end of the locking slider 104 is disengaged from the locking positioning hole 1182 of the outer end portion 118 of the outer casing.
  • the time gear operating mechanism can perform a shifting operation.
  • the operating member controls the position of the lock slider 104 by pressing the position of the limit stop rolling body 203, so that the handle button 201 enters or releases the self-locking state.
  • the handle button 20 is a handle button housing 202.
  • the main body of the handle button housing 202 is a cylinder.
  • a blind hole 2021 of a certain depth is punched from the left end.
  • the handle button 201 return spring 2023 is mounted on the bottom of the blind hole 2021 of the handle button housing 202.
  • the handle button 201 Mounted in the blind hole 2021 of the handle button housing 202, the large diameter end is in contact with the return button 2023 of the handle button 201, and can slide axially within the blind hole 2021 of the handle button housing 202; the lower end of the handle button housing 202 protrudes a certain a height annular portion, the inner hole of the annular portion communicates with the upper end blind hole 2021, the lower end portion of the annular portion has four screw holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the handle button housing 202 is fixed to the operating lever housing 101 by screws at the screw hole .
  • Figure 21 is an end cap, the diameter of the large diameter portion of the left end of the end cap is the same as the outer diameter of the outer casing, and the diameter of the small diameter portion at the right end of the end cap is the same as the inner diameter of the outer casing; there is a ring of sealing groove at the edge of the small diameter portion at the right end of the end cap To install the sealing ring, the center of the end cap has a through hole mounting plug to facilitate the passage of the wires of the internal circuit. The end cap seals the left end of the gear operating mechanism of the present invention and is isolated from the outside, so that the sealing property is improved.
  • the embodiment solves the high sealing requirement of using the gear position control mechanism in a harsh environment, and at the same time makes the operation of the shift lock function easier, satisfies the use requirements of the specific environment and high frequency shifting, so that the gear position of the present invention
  • the operating mechanism is more perfect.
  • the handle button 201 can be used in conjunction with the operation button 109 or used alone during actual use.
  • the gear position steering mechanism of the present invention has a small design size, so that when shifting in the circumferential direction, adjacent
  • the angle between the gear positions should not be too small, and is set to 20° after comprehensive consideration.
  • the angle of deflection of the operating lever housing 101 during the shifting process is too large, which is disadvantageous for the user's operation.
  • the present invention provides two solutions of the third embodiment:
  • Figure 22 is a partial structural view showing a gear operating mechanism a according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 23 is an elongated spindle 114.
  • the function of the elongated spindle 114 is the same as that of the spindle 114 of other embodiments, and is structurally elongated.
  • the main body portion of the main shaft 114 and the thin-walled flange 1141 are both elongated longer than the main shaft 114 of the other embodiments, and the other portions are identical in construction to the main shaft 114 of the other embodiments.
  • Fig. 24 is an elongated inner core 111.
  • the function of the elongated inner core 111 is the same as that of the inner core 111 of the other embodiment.
  • the left end portion of the shoulder 1112 of the elongated inner core 111 is connected by an elongated positioning.
  • the change of the sleeve 112 is correspondingly lengthened.
  • the length of the through-groove having a rectangular shape at both ends of the left end portion of the shoulder 1112 is also lengthened, and the structure of the other portions is the same as that of the inner core 111 of the other embodiment.
  • Fig. 25 is an extended type encoder disk 119.
  • the function of the extended type code disk 119 is the same as that of the code disk 119 of the other embodiment. Structurally, since the axial displacement of the elongated spindle 114 during the shifting process is increased, it is lengthened. The axial length of the encoder disk 119 of the type is also increased, and the structure of the other portions is the same as that of the encoder disk 119 of the other embodiment.
  • the 26 is an elongated switch group 121.
  • the extended switch group 121 is composed of four circumferential switches, three axial switches, and a switch circuit board 120.
  • Four circumferential switches are evenly arranged along the center of the switch circuit board 120. In the upper part, the angle between the adjacent two circumferential switches is 40°, and the circumferential switch is responsible for collecting the rotation angle signal of the code disc 119 during the shifting, and the matching relationship is shown in FIG. 27; the three axial switches are located in the circumference.
  • the three axial switches are on the circumference of the same diameter, the middle axial switch is vertically arranged in the diameter direction, and the centers of the other two axial switches are respectively on the two sides of the center of the intermediate switch, and the angle between them is 80°; size, the axial length of the left end is the longest, the length of the axial switch at the right end is second, and the length of the axial switch in the middle is the shortest.
  • the axial switch acquires an axial position signal of the thin-walled flange 1141 on the elongated main shaft 114; a partial structure of the gear operating mechanism a of the third embodiment
  • the small sleeve 1101 in the initial position, is at the position of the third end positioning hole 1121 at the left end of the elongated positioning connecting sleeve 112, and the thin-walled flange 1141 of the elongated main shaft 114 is partially extended.
  • the left-end axial switch generates a corresponding signal; when starting from this position, when moving one position to the left, the thin-walled flange 1141 of the extended-type main shaft 114 partially extends into the left-end axial switch.
  • the axial switch at the right end, the left end axial switch and the right end axial switch generate corresponding signals; when moving to the left two positions, the thin-walled flange 1141 of the extended type main shaft 114 partially extends into the left end of the axial switch, The middle axial switch and the right end axial switch, the three simultaneously generate corresponding signals; if the one position is shifted to the right by one position based on the initial position, the thin-walled flange 1141 of the elongated main shaft 114 does not protrude into any one of the axes. To the switch, the three axial switches have no signal due to occlusion. This achieves the purpose of increasing the axial gear position signal, making the operation more comfortable and convenient.
  • the elongated positioning connection sleeve 112 is similar in structure to the positioning connection sleeve 112 of other embodiments, and actually lengthens the middle portion of the positioning connection sleeve 112 of other embodiments. It is changed from the original two-position positioning hole 1121 to four or more turns. At this time, two positions are added in the position in the axial direction, so that the gear position in each circumferential direction can be correspondingly reduced, and the deflection angle of the operating lever housing 101 is reduced when shifting. At the same time, the arrangement of the switch parts should be changed accordingly so that the circumferential gear position signals can be collected normally.
  • the 31 is a dual positioning spindle 114 that is similar in construction to the spindle 114 of other embodiments.
  • the overall size is longer than that of the main shaft 114 of the other embodiments.
  • the middle portion of the main shaft 114 is changed from the original one through hole 1142 to two, and the angles of the two first through holes 1142 are the same, and the two first through holes 1142 are respectively.
  • the interference fits with the small sleeve 1101, and the other portions have the same structure as the main shaft 114 of the other embodiments.
  • Figure 32 is a dual positioned inner core 111 that is similar in construction to the inner core 111 of other embodiments. Since the double-positioned inner core 111 is to be provided with two positioning connecting sleeves 112, the right end portion of the shoulder 1112 of the double-positioned inner core 111 needs to be correspondingly lengthened, and the right end of the shoulder 1111 The position also has a limit groove 1111 whose both ends are rectangular in the middle of the semicircle, and the size is also exactly the same as the limit of the left end, and the other parts have the same structure as the inner core 11112.
  • the gear position control mechanism of the present invention has two positioning connection sleeves 112 respectively located on both sides of the shoulder 11112 of the inner core 111. As shown in FIG. 30, the screw hole ratio of the positioning coupling sleeve 112 at the right end is evenly arranged in the circumferential direction. The screw holes on the positioning coupling sleeve 112 at the left end are respectively offset in the same direction in the circumferential direction, so that the positioning holes 1121 of the two positioning coupling sleeves 112 are different in the circumferential direction by 10° after the assembly is completed.
  • the main shaft 11414 is also provided with a first through hole 1142 parallel to the hole of the middle portion of the original main shaft 114 at a corresponding position of the right end positioning connecting sleeve 112 and is equipped with a positioning rolling body 1104, a small sliding block 1103, and a small sleeve 1101.
  • a positioning rolling body 1104 parallel to the hole of the middle portion of the original main shaft 114 at a corresponding position of the right end positioning connecting sleeve 112 and is equipped with a positioning rolling body 1104, a small sliding block 1103, and a small sleeve 1101.
  • the embodiment solves the problem that the rotation shift angle is too large when the gear position is large, and further expands the application range of the gear position manipulation mechanism of the invention, so that the operation is more convenient and more ergonomic.
  • the gear position manipulation mechanism of the invention may need to add an electric control button to the upper end portion of the handle to meet certain special operation requirements of the user, and the line connection and sealing can be solved according to the present scheme.
  • a sealing plug 411 is added to the inner hole of the right end of the main shaft 114.
  • the sealing plug 411 achieves an interference fit with the inner hole of the main shaft 114, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the middle of the sealing plug 411, so that the wire of the portion of the operating rod housing 101 is facilitated, and the increase of the sealing plug 411 increases the gear operating mechanism.
  • the sealing is convenient for the arrangement of the wires.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic structural view of a fourth gear operating mechanism.
  • a through hole is opened in the axial direction of the connecting slider 103 as a line channel ⁇ a>
  • the electric wire enters the gap between the lock spring 105 and the operating rod 102 along the line passage ⁇ a>, that is, the line passage ⁇ b>, and enters the space of the spring positioning sleeve 106 and the operating rod 102 through the line passage ⁇ b>, that is, the line Channel ⁇ c>, then enters the gap between the lever housing 101 and the operating lever 102, and
  • the circular hole that is, the line passage ⁇ d> passing through the lower portion of the operating lever housing 101, allows the electric wire to partially exit the operating rod housing 101, and the electric wire passes through the through-hole in the middle of the sealing plug 411, that is, the line passage ⁇ e> enters the inner hole passage of the main shaft 114, that is, the line.
  • Channel ⁇ f> since the diameter of the inner hole of the main shaft 114 is larger than the outer hole of the small sleeve 1101, the electric wire can go to the switch portion along the line passage ⁇ e> because the switch circuit board 120 of the switch portion has a circular hole or a line at the center thereof.
  • Channel ⁇ h> the wire goes to the circuit board positioning piece 122 through the line channel ⁇ h>, and the center of the circuit board positioning piece 122 also has a round hole, that is, the line channel ⁇ i>, and the wire can go to the left end cover through the circuit board positioning piece 122.
  • the gear passage control mechanism is connected to the corresponding circuit board through the center hole of the left end cover 501, that is, the line channel ⁇ j>.
  • a wire slider is mounted in the locking slider 104 and the locking spring 105.
  • the wire slider is a thin-walled rotating body part, and the outer surface thereof slides with the inner wall of the operating rod housing 101. Connect and have holes or slots in the side walls to facilitate wire entry and exit.
  • the embodiment solves the special use requirement of adding an electric control button on the handle, so that the application range of the gear position manipulation mechanism of the invention is wider and the function is more comprehensive and perfect.
  • the gear position control mechanism of the invention When used for an automatic gear shifting device or other shifting device with fewer gear positions, the positioning locking mode of the double row of holes can be changed into the form of a single row of holes, so that the device operation can be reduced.
  • the occupied space can also simplify the shifting operation and meet the requirements of the customers in special circumstances.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic view showing the structure of the gear position control mechanism according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 35 is an exploded view of the gear position control mechanism of the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 36 is a single-row hole left end cover 501, single row of holes
  • the left end cover 501 is mounted at the leftmost end of the integral part, and the mating portion of the inner casing inner hole has four screw holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the single end hole left end cover 501 and the integral outer casing are connected by screws.
  • the edge of the mating portion further has a ring of sealing grooves for sealing the mating surface;
  • the left end cap 501 of the single row of holes is a stepped hole inside, and a wire extending from the inside of the device extends into the stepped hole portion;
  • the left end cap 501 of the single row of holes The outer part of the small-diameter part of the left end is externally threaded, and a rubber plug with a wire hole can be optionally installed inside, and the rubber plug is pressed by the screw rotation of the external device, thereby pressing the wire protruding from the inside of the device to realize the internal Sealing effect.
  • Figure 37 is a one-piece housing.
  • the outer part of the unitary housing is composed of a large cylindrical portion and a small cylindrical portion.
  • the large cylindrical portion has four sets of grub screw holes, and the small cylindrical portion has a set of screw holes.
  • the inside of the integral housing is two. Stepped hole.
  • the single-row hole left end cap 501 is mounted on the large cylindrical portion of the initial section 116 of the outer casing by a grub screw, and the leftmost end screw hole of the single-row hole is connected to the single-end hole left end cover 501 and the integral outer casing; the circuit board positioning piece 122 passes the grub screw Installed on the second set of grub screw holes on the left end of the integral housing, so that the board positioning piece 122 can be fixed at a specific position; the remaining two sets of grub screw holes in the large cylindrical part of the integral case are used for mounting the positioning connection of the single row of holes
  • the sleeve 112, the single-row inner core 111 is mounted in the integral outer casing, and the axial position of the inner core 111 of the single-row hole is restricted by the stepped hole inside the integral outer casing; the small cylindrical portion and the single-row hole of the integral outer casing
  • the inner bore of the end section 118 of the outer casing fits and connects the two together by screws.
  • the large cylindrical portion of the wire bushing 504 is gap-fitted with the inner hole of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes.
  • the large cylindrical portion has a second diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter of the small sleeve 1101.
  • the through hole 5041, the small sleeve 1101 passes through the second through hole 5041, and the small sleeve 1101 can move together when the movement is small;
  • the wire sleeve 504 has a tapered hole inside, and the tapered hole facilitates the entry of the external wire.
  • the wire sleeve 504 smoothly enters the small hole portion of the wire sleeve 504, thereby avoiding the situation that the wire may protrude into the power-off switch or other components when the wire length changes during the movement, so that the overall shift positioning function is more safe and reliable.
  • the inner wall of the single-row hole positioning connection sleeve 112 is matched with the outer wall of the inner core 111 of the single-row hole, and the single-row hole positioning positioning connection sleeve 112 can be relatively single-row hole
  • the inner core 111 rotates;
  • the outer end of the single-row hole positioning connecting sleeve 112 has two sets of mounting holes uniformly arranged along the circumference, and is connected with the integral outer casing through the mounting hole to realize the positioning connection sleeve 112 of the single row of holes and
  • the single-row hole positioning connection sleeve 112 has a circle of through holes arranged uniformly symmetrically along the circumference for positioning, a total of 18, called positioning holes 1121, each adjacent two positioning holes 1121
  • the center angle is 20°, which is used to limit the positioning of the rolling elements during the shifting process.
  • the positioning connecting sleeve 112 is machined with a bevel or chamfer as shown in FIG. 39 to facilitate positioning.
  • the rolling sleeve 1104, the small slider 1103, and the small sleeve 1101 of the positioning spring 1102 are fitted into the interior of the positioning coupling sleeve 112 of the single row of holes.
  • the 40 is a single row of inner cores 111, the inner wall of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes is matched with the outer wall of the large diameter portion of the wire sleeve 504; the inner end of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes has a first through hole 1142, the small sleeve 1101 passes through the hole and is interference fit with the inner core 111 of the single row of holes, and the small sleeve 1101 passes through the wire sleeve 504 at the same time; when the operating rod housing 101 rotates in the circumferential direction, the inner sleeve The core 111 drives the small sleeve 1101 and the wire sleeve 504 to rotate.
  • the left end portion of the inner core 111 of the single-row hole has four mounting holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the code disk 119 is fixed to the inner core 111 of the single-row hole through the mounting hole.
  • the outer surface of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes has a shoulder 1112 in the middle of the axial direction, and the outer surface of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes on the left side of the shoulder 1112 cooperates with the inner surface of the positioning connecting sleeve 112 of the single row of holes,
  • the outer cylindrical outer surface of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes 1112 cooperates with the inner surface of the integral outer casing to realize the inner core 111 Rotation in the integral housing;
  • the shoulder 1112 of the single-row inner core 111 enables axial positioning of the single-row inner core 111 between the single-row bore positioning coup
  • the edge of the upper round hole further has a rectangular slot
  • the operating rod housing 101 is mounted in the large circular hole
  • the protruding wire in the operating rod housing 101 enters the inner core 111 of the single row of holes through the rectangular slot Internal; single-row hole inner core 111 has a screw hole on both sides of the rightmost small cylindrical portion
  • the operating rod housing 101 extends into the large circular hole of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes, and then the screw holes of the inner core 111 of the single row of holes and the screw holes of the operating rod housing 101 are connected by screws to achieve a fixed connection therebetween.
  • the plastic dust jacket 503 is a thin-walled annular ring member having two circular holes in the diameter direction.
  • the operating rod housing 101 passes through one of the circular holes, and the operating rod housing 101 moves simultaneously.
  • the plastic dust jacket 503 moves together; the outer surface of the plastic dust jacket 503 is fitted on the inner surface or the outer surface of the outer end portion 118 of the single row of holes to prevent external impurities from passing through the upper end of the outer end portion 118 of the single row of holes.
  • the bit slot 1181 enters the interior of the device and another round hole is used to lock the slider 104 through the hole to cooperate with the latching locating hole 1182 of the outer end portion 118 of the single row of holes.
  • Figure 42 is a single-row hole outer casing end section 118.
  • the single-row hole outer casing end section 118 has a circular ring structure, and one side cylindrical surface has four countersunk head screw holes uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, through which the screw holes will be
  • the outer end portion 118 of the outer casing is fixed at a specific position on the outside; the other side of the cylindrical surface has two upper and lower countersunk screw holes through which the right end cover 502 of the single row of holes is fixed at the end of the outer casing of the single row of holes.
  • a single row of holes in the outer end of the outer casing 118 has a gear slot 1181, the shifting lever housing 101 moves in the gear slot 1181; the outer row of the outer casing 118 of the single row of holes and the plastic dust jacket
  • the outer surface of the 503 is matched to prevent external impurities from entering the shift positioning portion; the lower end of the outer end portion 118 of the single-row hole has a ring of locking positioning holes 1182 uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the locking positioning hole 1182 is a small inner side small outer cone.
  • the shape of the hole, the locking positioning hole 1182 is required to be centered, the angle between each adjacent two holes is the same, and the degree is consistent with the required degree of actual use, and the lower end of the locking slider 104 is also tapered, and is locked.
  • the positioning hole 1182 cooperates with the locking slider 104 to lock the slider 104
  • the lower portion is locked in the locking positioning hole 1182. Therefore, when there is interference external force, the locking slider 104 cannot slide out of the outer end portion 118 of the single row of holes, and the locking slider 104 must be pulled out during the shifting operation. Shifting avoids misoperations that may occur during shifting, and improves safety and reliability.
  • the outer diameter of the small cylindrical portion of the single row of hole right end cap 502 is similar to the inner diameter of the outer end portion 118 of the single row of holes, and the two cylindrical holes have two screw holes, which are screwed
  • the single row of hole right end cap 502 and the single row of hole shell end section 118 are fixed together; the single row of hole right end cap 502 large cylindrical portion and the single row of hole of the outer casing end section 118 have the same outer diameter, limiting the single row of hole right end cap 502 Axial displacement.
  • Figure 44 is a single row of hole switches that include a circumferential switch block 1211 and a switch circuit board 120.
  • the four circumferential switches are evenly arranged on the upper part of the switch circuit board 120 along the center of the circle, and the angle between the adjacent two circumferential switches is 40°, and the circumferential switch is responsible for collecting the rotation angle signal of the code disk 119 during the shifting;
  • the switch can distinguish 16 different signals, which can fully satisfy the gear signals on general engineering machinery and vehicles, and has a wide range of applications;
  • the switch is mounted on the switch circuit board 120, and the switch circuit board 120 is mounted on the circuit board positioning piece 122.
  • the circuit board positioning piece 122 is mounted on the unitary housing. For example, the pins of the switch are soldered to the switch circuit board 120, and the switch circuit board 120 is fixed to the circuit board positioning piece 122 by screws or the like.
  • the embodiment solves the problem of matching of the automatic gear vehicle or other shifting devices with fewer gear positions, and further expands the applicable range of the gear position operating mechanism of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Control Devices For Change-Speed Gearing (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

一种档位操纵机构，包括操纵机构本体以及安装在操纵机构本体上的换档机构，其中操纵机构本体包括操作杆组件以及安装在操作杆组件上的操作按钮组件；换档机构包括编码装置、定位换档装置以及固定连接装置；其中，编码装置设置于定位换档装置左端，且编码装置与定位换档装置均套装于固定连接装置内。该档位操纵机构可以适用于车辆或其他设备的方向、速度或位移等控制系统。通过利用定位钢球或其他滚动体在定位连接套筒中圆周壁面的定位孔（定位孔可以为卡位槽）中的卡位特性，使得带动滚动体运动的主轴的圆周与轴向的位置根据滚动体卡位的位置不同而被离散化。

Description

档位操纵机构 技术领域
本发明涉及行走机械及工业控制技术领域，具体涉及档位操纵机构。
背景技术
档位操纵机构在行走机械如车辆上既是功能件又是运动件，如专利《具有停车安全锁定及快速换低挡功能的换挡手柄》，专利号：CN201041228Y。客户对档位操纵机构性能要求较高，需要有良好的安全及操作性能。现有的档位操纵机构结构较为复杂，体积较大，成本也较高。此外，由于车辆的型号以及生产厂商的不同，档位操纵机构具体结构也有许多差别，产品之间通用性较差，导致设计、加工、库存、维修都有诸多不便。由于体积及结构的原因，现有的档位操纵机构的安装位置以及使用方法也过于单一。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的档位操纵机构结构复杂，体积较大，成本较高，通用性较差的技术缺陷，本发明提供一种档位操纵机构，能够简化结构，减小体积，降低成本，同时提高了档位操纵机构的通用性。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
档位操纵机构，该档位操纵机构包括操纵机构本体以及安装在操纵机构本体上的换挡机构，其中，所述操纵机构本体包括操作杆组件或者包括操作杆组件以及安装在所述操作杆组件上的操作按钮组件；所述换挡机构包括编码装置、定位换挡装置以及固定连接装置；其中，所述编码装置设置于所述定位换挡装置左端，且所述编码装置与所述定位换挡装置均套装于所述固定连接装置内。
进一步的，所述操作杆组件包括空心杆状的操作杆外壳或实体状的操作杆外壳，或者包括空心杆状的操作杆外壳以及套装于操作杆外壳内的操作杆；当所述操作杆组件包括空心杆状的操作杆外壳以及套装于操作杆外壳内的操作杆时；所述操作杆的上、下两端分别连接连接滑块和锁死滑块，所述 操作杆外位于所述连接滑块和锁死滑块之间的位置套装锁死弹簧和弹簧定位套筒；其中，所述连接滑块和所述锁死滑块均与所述操作杆外壳的内壁滑动连接。
进一步的，所述弹簧定位套筒与所述操作杆外壳的内壁固接。
进一步的，所述弹簧定位套筒与所述操作杆外壳为一体式结构。
进一步的，所述操作杆外壳外套装可滑连接套筒，且所述可滑连接套筒与所述操作杆外壳滑动连接。
进一步的，所述操作杆外壳上开有一对滑槽。
进一步的，所述操作杆外壳外套装操作杆固定连接套筒，且所述操作杆固定连接套筒固接于所述操作杆外壳的底端。
进一步的，所述操作杆外壳上端开有一个两边长度不等的类U型槽或类n型槽。
进一步的，所述操作按钮组件为一操作按钮，所述操作按钮穿过所述类U型槽或类n型槽并可沿所述类U型槽或类n型槽滑动，所述操作按钮位于操作杆外壳内的一端连接在所述连接滑块上。
进一步的，所述操作按钮组件包括手柄按钮以及手柄按钮外壳，其中，所述手柄按钮的右端开有一异形槽，所述异形槽具有深槽端和浅槽端；所述手柄按钮外壳左端开有一盲孔，底端具有一圆筒状凸缘，所述圆筒状凸缘的内孔与所述盲孔相通；所述手柄按钮置于所述盲孔内且所述手柄按钮与所述盲孔的底部之间安装一复位弹簧，所述手柄按钮与所述手柄按钮外壳滑动连接。
进一步的，所述操作按钮组件通过所述圆筒状凸缘与所述操作杆组件固定连接。
进一步的，所述连接滑块与所述异形槽之间安装一限位滚动体。
进一步的，所述定位换挡装置包括定位组件以及内芯，其中，所述定位组件至少为一组，且每组定位组件均包括小套筒以及套装于小套筒内的定位弹簧，小套筒内且位于定位弹簧的两端位置均设有一小滑块，小套筒内且位于小滑块的外端位置均设有一定位滚动体；所述内芯左端具有至少一个用于容置所述定位组件的限位槽，所述限位槽穿过内芯的轴线且完全贯穿整个内 芯或部分贯穿整个内芯；所述内芯的外表面套装有至少一个定位连接套筒以及固接套筒。所述小套筒是所述内芯的一部分或是独立于所述内芯的一个单独零件。
所述定位连接套筒中段开有至少一圈沿周向布置的定位孔或定位槽。
进一步的，分别位于相邻两个定位连接套筒上的两个最邻近的定位孔之间的周向夹角小于或等于同一定位连接套筒上两个相邻的定位孔或定位槽之间周向夹角的一半。
进一步的，所述定位连接套筒内壁一侧轴向边缘设有斜面或倒角。
进一步的，所述内芯中部具有轴肩。
进一步的，所述定位换挡装置还包括套装于所述内芯内的主轴，所述主轴为圆筒状结构，所述主轴左端具有一薄壁凸缘，所述主轴的中段上与所述限位槽相对应的位置开有至少一个第一通孔，所述第一通孔与所述主轴的轴线垂直相交。
所述主轴与所述内芯是一个零件不同部分的功能描述或是两个不同的零件，亦即；所述主轴是所述内芯的一部分或是独立于所述内芯的一个单独零件。
进一步的，所述主轴右端套装有密封塞。
进一步的，所述主轴左端套装有中空的走线套筒，且所述走线套筒上与所述主轴的第一通孔相对应的位置开有第二通孔。
进一步的，所述走线套筒的内孔为阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔的过渡部分为类锥形平滑过渡结构。
进一步的，所述内芯右端固接有内芯固定连接套筒，且所述内芯固定连接套筒右端与所述操作杆固定连接套筒铰接。
进一步的，所述主轴右端与所述可滑连接套筒铰接或者与所述可滑连接套筒两侧的滑槽连接。进一步的，所述主轴右端通过转轴与所述操作杆外壳上的滑槽相连接，使所述主轴可沿所述操作杆外壳上的滑槽滑动。
进一步的，所述固定连接装置包括外壳初段、外壳中段以及外壳末段；所述外壳初段、外壳中段以及外壳末段顺次连接，所述定位连接套筒的左右 两端分别与所述外壳初段以及所述外壳中段的内壁固接，所述固接套筒的左右两端分别与所述外壳中段以及所述外壳末段的内壁固接；所述外壳末段上部开有档位槽，所述操纵机构本体穿过所述档位槽与所述定位换挡装置相连接。所述外壳末段下部开有沿周向布置的且与所述锁死滑块末端相配合的锁死定位孔。
进一步的，所述外壳初段左端安装有左端盖。
进一步的，所述外壳末段下部开有沿周向布置的且与所述锁死滑块末端相配合的锁死定位孔，或者所述外壳末段右端安装有右端盖，或者所述外壳末段下部既开有沿周向布置的且与所述锁死滑块末端相配合的锁死定位孔，并且所述外壳末段右端安装有右端盖。
进一步的，所述外壳中段两端均具有突出部，所述外壳初段和外壳末段上与所述外壳中段的突出部相对应的位置均开设环形槽，所述外壳初段和外壳末段均通过所述突出部和环形槽的配合与所述外壳中段固接。
进一步的，所述外壳中段与所述固接套筒为一体式结构，或者所述外壳初段、外壳中段以及所述固接套筒为一体式结构。
进一步的，所述走线套筒的内孔为阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔的过渡部分为类锥形平滑过渡结构。
进一步的，所述编码装置包括编码盘、开关电路板以及固接在所述开关电路板上的开关组；其中，所述编码盘固接在所述内芯的左端面上，所述开关电路板通过电路板定位片固接在所述外壳初段内。
进一步的，所述编码盘中部开有圆孔，且所述圆孔的直径大于所述主轴左端的直径。
进一步的，所述开关组包括周向开关组。
进一步的，所述开关组包括周向开关组和轴向开关组。
进一步的，所述周向开关组包括至少2个布置在开关电路板上的周向开关。
进一步的，所述轴向开关组包括至少一个布置在开关电路板上的轴向开关；当所述轴向开关选择光电开关时，所述轴向开关的遮档槽距所述开关电 路板圆心的距离均相等。
进一步的，所述轴向开关距所述开关电路板圆心的距离均小于所述周向开关距所述开关电路板圆心的距离。
进一步的，该档位操纵机构上开有用于安装电控按钮的线路通道。
进一步的，所述连接滑块沿轴向开有通线孔或通线槽，或者所述连接滑块与所述操作杆外壳的内壁留有间隙从而形成线路通道a。
进一步的，所述锁死弹簧和所述操作杆之间具有空隙，形成线路通道b。
进一步的，所述弹簧定位套筒和所述操作杆之间具有空隙，形成线路通道c。
进一步的，所述操作杆外壳下部开有孔或槽，形成线路通道d。
进一步的，所述密封塞中部开有通线孔，形成线路通道e。
进一步的，所述主轴的内孔通道形成线路通道f。
进一步的，所述走线套筒的内孔通道形成线路通道g。
进一步的，所述开关电路板中部开有圆孔，形成线路通道h。
进一步的，电路板定位片中部开有圆孔，形成线路通道i。
进一步的，所述左端盖中部开有圆孔，形成线路通道j。
进一步地，所述主轴左端或所述内芯左端套装有中空的走线套筒，且所述走线套筒上与所述主轴的第一通孔相对应的位置开有第二通孔。
进一步地，所述外壳末段沿周向布置的且与所述锁死滑块末端相配合的锁死定位孔为锥形；或者所述锁死滑块末端为锥形，或者所述锁死滑块末端以及与之相配合的锁死定位孔均为锥形。
可选的，所述操作杆外位于所述连接滑块和锁死滑块之间的位置套装走线滑块；所述走线滑块与所述操作杆外壳的内壁滑动连接；所述走线滑块的侧壁开有孔或槽用以走线。
本发明的有益效果为：提供了可以适用于车辆或其他设备的方向，速度或位移等控制系统的档位操纵机构。通过利用定位钢球或其他滚动体在定位连接套筒中圆周壁面的定位孔(所述定位孔可以为卡位槽)中的卡位特性， 使得带动滚动体运动的主轴的圆周或轴向的位置根据滚动体卡位的位置不同而被离散化，通过在内芯的端面安装编码盘组合，主轴在圆周及轴向每一个特定的离散位置可以对应一个特定的编码盘组合与对应开光组合的特定的相对位置关系，从而产生不同的信号输出。上述的开关组合可以为光电开关组合与编码盘组合也可以替换为霍尔开关组合与铁磁性物质结构的组合；在本说明书附图中以光电开关组合与编码盘组合为例进行说明。由于滚动体在对称的位置上都有卡紧力，所以可以在较小的空间内实现卡紧的功能。而双排孔或多排孔定位的方案配合主轴的薄壁凸缘的不同位置对轴向开关组的触发可以实现较多的档位信号输出。本发明也可用做发动机的转速等控制机构，通过在内芯的左端或内芯固定连接套筒上或其他与内芯同轴转动的零件上固定安装卷筒，将发动机拉索的一端固定在卷筒上；内芯转动时，带动卷筒转动，卷筒可以带动发动机的拉索拉伸，从而控制发动机的节气门或油门大小。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例的档位操纵机构的结构示意图；
图2是本发明第一实施例的档位操纵机构的爆炸图；
图3是本发明第一实施例的开关部分的结构示意图；
图4是本发明第一实施例的编码盘的结构示意图；
图5是本发明第一实施例的开关部分与编码盘配合的结构示意图；
图6是本发明第一实施例的定位连接套筒的结构示意图；
图7是本发明第一实施例的主轴的结构示意图；
图8是本发明第一实施例的内芯的结构示意图；
图9是本发明第一实施例的外壳末段的结构示意图；
图10是本发明第一实施例的操作杆外壳的结构示意图；
图11是本发明第一实施例的操纵机构本体的爆炸图；
图12是本发明第一实施例的可滑连接套筒a的结构示意图；
图13是本发明第一实施例的可滑连接套筒b的结构示意图；
图14是本发明第一实施例的操作杆固定连接套筒的结构示意图；
图15是本发明第一实施例的内芯固定连接套筒结构示意图；
图16是本发明第二实施例的档位操纵机构的结构示意图；
图17是本发明第二实施例的外壳初段的结构示意图；
图18是本发明第二实施例的外壳中段的结构示意图；
图19是本发明第二实施例的手柄按钮的结构示意图；
图20是本发明第二实施例的手柄按钮外壳的结构示意图；
图21是本发明第二实施例的左端盖结构示意图；
图22是本发明第三实施例的档位操纵机构a的部分结构示意图；
图23是本发明第三实施例的加长型的主轴的结构示意图；
图24是本发明第三实施例的加长型的内芯的结构示意图；
图25是本发明第三实施例的加长型的编码盘的结构示意图；
图26是本发明第三实施例的加长型的开关部分的结构示意图；
图27是本发明第三实施例的加长型的开关部分和加长型的编码盘配合的结构示意图；
图28是本发明第三实施例的加长型的定位连接套筒的结构示意图；
图29是本发明第三实施例的档位操纵机构b的部分的结构示意图；
图30是图29的外部结构示意图；
图31是本发明第三实施例的双定位的主轴的结构示意图；
图32是本发明第三实施例的双定位的内芯的结构示意图；
图33是本发明第四实施例的档位操纵机构的结构示意图；
图34是本发明第五实施例的档位操纵机构的结构示意图；
图35是本发明第五实施例的档位操纵机构的爆炸图；
图36是本发明第五实施例的单排孔的左端盖的结构示意图；
图37是本发明第五实施例的整体式外壳的结构示意图；
图38是本发明第五实施例的走线套筒的结构示意图；
图39是本发明第五实施例的单排孔的定位连接套筒的结构示意图；
图40是本发明第五实施例的单排孔的内芯的结构示意图；
图41是本发明第五实施例的塑料防尘套的结构示意图；
图42是本发明第五实施例的单排孔的外壳末段的结构示意图；
图43是本发明第五实施例的单排孔的右端盖的结构示意图；
图44是本发明第五实施例的单排孔的开关部分的结构示意图。
图中，
101、操作杆外壳；1011、类U型槽；102、操作杆；103、连接滑块；104、锁死滑块；105、锁死弹簧；106、弹簧定位套筒；107、可滑连接套筒；108、操作杆固定连接套筒；109、操作按钮；110、定位组件；1101、小套筒；1102、定位弹簧；1103、小滑块；1104、定位滚动体；111、内芯；1111、限位槽；1112、轴肩；112、定位连接套筒；1121、定位孔；113、固接套筒；114、主轴；1141、薄壁凸缘；1142、第一通孔；115、内芯固定连接套筒；116、外壳初段；117、外壳中段；118、外壳末段；1181、档位槽；1182、锁死定位孔；119、编码盘；120、开关电路板；121、开关组；1211、周向开关组；1212、轴向开关组；122、电路板定位片；201、手柄按钮；2011、异形槽；202、手柄按钮外壳；2021、盲孔；2022、圆筒状凸缘；2023、复位弹簧；203、限位滚动体；401、线路通道a；402、线路通道b；403、线路通道c；404、线路通道d；405、线路通道e；406、线路通道f；407、线路通道g；408、线路通道h；409、线路通道i；410、线路通道j；411、密封塞；501、左端盖；502、右端盖；503、塑料防尘套；504、走线套筒；5041、第二通孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的结构进行详细解释说明。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，该档位操纵机构包括操纵机构本体以及安装在操纵机构本体上的换挡机构，其中，所述操纵机构本体包括操作杆组件以及安装在所述操作杆组件上的操作按钮组件；所述换挡机构包括编码装置、定位换挡装置以及固定连接装置；其中，所述编码装置设置于所述定位换挡装置左端，且所述编码装置与所述定位换挡装置均套装于所述固定连接装置内，所述编码装置包括光电编码装置或者霍尔编码装置或两者结合 而成的混合编码装置。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作杆组件包括空心杆状的操作杆外壳101以及套装于操作杆外壳101内的操作杆102；所述操作杆102的上、下两端分别连接连接滑块103和锁死滑块104，所述操作杆102外位于所述连接滑块103和锁死滑块104之间的位置套装锁死弹簧105和弹簧定位套筒106；其中，所述连接滑块103和所述锁死滑块104均与所述操作杆外壳101的内壁滑动连接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述弹簧定位套筒106与所述操作杆外壳101的内壁固接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述弹簧定位套筒106与所述操作杆外壳101为一体式结构。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作杆外壳101外套装可滑连接套筒107，且所述可滑连接套筒107与所述操作杆外壳101滑动连接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作杆外壳101上开有一对滑槽。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作杆外壳101外套装操作杆固定连接套筒108，且所述操作杆固定连接套筒108固接于所述操作杆外壳101的底端。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作杆外壳101上端开有一个两边长度不等的类U型槽1011或类n型槽。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作按钮组件为一操作按钮109，所述操作按钮109穿过所述类U型槽1011或类n型槽并可沿所述类U型槽1011或类n型槽滑动，所述操作按钮109位于操作杆外壳101内的一端连接在所述连接滑块103上。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作按钮组件包括手柄按钮201以及手柄按钮外壳202，其中，所述手柄按钮201的右端开有一异形槽2011，所述异形槽2011具有深槽端和浅槽端；所述手柄按钮外壳202左端开有一盲孔2021，底端具有一圆筒状凸缘2022，所述圆筒状凸缘2022的内孔与所述盲孔2021相通；所述手柄按钮201置于所述盲孔2021内且所述手 柄按钮201与所述盲孔2021的底部之间安装一复位弹簧2023，所述手柄按钮201与所述手柄按钮外壳202滑动连接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作按钮组件通过所述圆筒状凸缘2022与所述操作杆组件固定连接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述连接滑块103与所述异形槽2011之间安装一限位滚动体203。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述定位换挡装置包括定位组件110以及内芯111，其中，所述定位组件110至少为一组，且每组定位组件110均包括小套筒1101以及套装于小套筒1101内的定位弹簧1102，小套筒1101内且位于定位弹簧1102的两端位置均设有一小滑块1103，小套筒1101内且位于小滑块1103的外端位置均设有一定位滚动体1104；所述内芯111左端具有至少一个用于容置所述定位组件110的限位槽1111，所述限位槽1111穿过内芯111的轴线且贯穿整个内芯111；所述内芯111的外表面套装有至少一个定位连接套筒112以及固接套筒113；所述定位连接套筒112中段开有至少一圈沿周向均匀布置的定位孔1121，且每相邻两个定位孔1121之间的周向夹角为20°。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，分别位于相邻两个定位连接套筒112上的两个最邻近的定位孔1121之间的周向夹角为10°。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述定位连接套筒112内壁一侧轴向边缘设有斜面或倒角。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述内芯111中部具有轴肩1112。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述定位换挡装置还包括套装于所述内芯111内的主轴114，所述主轴114为圆筒状结构，且所述主轴114左端具有一薄壁凸缘1141，主轴114的中段上与所述限位槽1111相对应的位置开有至少一个第一通孔1142，所述第一通孔1142的轴线互相平行且均与所述主轴114的轴线垂直相交。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述主轴114右端套装有密封塞411。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述主轴114左端套装有中空的走 线套筒504，且所述走线套筒504上与所述主轴114的第一通孔1142相对应的位置开有第二通孔5041。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述内芯111右端固接有内芯固定连接套筒115，且所述内芯固定连接套筒115右端与所述操作杆固定连接套筒108铰接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述主轴114右端与所述可滑连接套筒107铰接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述主轴114右端通过螺钉与所述操作杆外壳101上的滑槽相连接，使所述主轴114可沿所述操作杆外壳101上的滑槽滑动。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述固定连接装置包括外壳初段116、外壳中段117以及外壳末段118；所述外壳初段116、外壳中段117以及外壳末段118顺次连接，所述定位连接套筒112的左右两端分别与所述外壳初段116以及所述外壳中段117的内壁固接，所述固接套筒113的左右两端分别与所述外壳中段117以及所述外壳末段118的内壁固接；所述外壳末段118上部开有档位槽1181，所述操纵机构本体穿过所述档位槽1181与所述定位换挡装置相连接；所述外壳末段118下部开有至少一圈沿周向均匀布置的且与所述锁死滑块104末端相配合的锁死定位孔1182。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述外壳初段116左端安装有左端盖501。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述外壳末段118右端安装有右端盖502。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述外壳中段117两端均具有突出部，所述外壳初段116和外壳末段118上与所述外壳中段117的突出部相对应的位置均开设环形槽，所述外壳初段116和外壳末段118均通过所述突出部和环形槽的配合与所述外壳中段117固接。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述外壳中段117与所述固接套筒113为一体式结构。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述外壳初段116、外壳中段117 以及所述固接套筒113为一体式结构。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述编码装置包括编码盘119、开关电路板120以及固接在所述开关电路板120上的开关组121；其中，所述编码盘119固接在所述内芯111的左端面上，所述开关电路板120通过电路板定位片122固接在所述外壳初段116内。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述编码盘119中部开有圆孔，且所述圆孔的直径大于所述主轴114的直径。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述开关组121包括周向开关组1211。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述开关组121包括周向开关组1211和轴向开关组1212。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述周向开关组1211包括四个均匀布置在开关电路板120上端的周向开关，且相邻两个周向开关之间的夹角为40°。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述轴向开关组1212包括至少一个布置在开关电路板120下端的轴向开关，当所述轴向开关为光电开关时，所述轴向开关的遮档槽距所述开关电路板120圆心的距离均相等。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，当所述周向开关、轴向开关均为光电开关时，所述轴向开关的遮档槽距所述开关电路板120圆心的距离均小于所述周向开关的遮挡槽距所述开关电路板120圆心的距离。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，该档位操纵机构上开有用于安装电控按钮的线路通道。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述连接滑块103沿轴向开有通线孔或槽，形成线路通道a401。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述锁死弹簧105和所述操作杆102之间具有空隙，形成线路通道b402。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述弹簧定位套筒106和所述操作杆102之间具有空隙，形成线路通道c403。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述操作杆外壳101下部开有孔， 形成线路通道d404。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述密封塞411中部开有通线孔，形成线路通道e405。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述主轴114的内孔通道形成线路通道f406。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述走线套筒504的内孔通道形成线路通道g407。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述开关电路板120中部开有圆孔，形成线路通道h408。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，电路板定位片122中部开有圆孔，形成线路通道i409。
本发明实施例提供的档位操纵机构，所述左端盖501中部开有圆孔，形成线路通道j410。下面具体说明几种具体实施方式的档位操纵机构的结构。实施例一
下面结合附图对具体实施方式和主要零件的形状、安装、配合、操作方式和功能做一个详细的说明。图1是本发明第一实施例的档位操纵机构的结构示意图；图2是本发明第一实施例的档位操纵机构的爆炸图。图3是开关部分的结构示意图，开关部分包含周向开关组1211、轴向开关组1212和开关电路板120构成。周向开关组1211包括四个周向开关、轴向开关组1212包括一个轴向开关。四个周向开关沿圆心均匀布置在开关电路板120的上部，相邻两个周向开关之间的夹角为40°，周向开关在换档时负责采集编码盘119的转角信号，其配合关系如图5所示；轴向开关位于周向开关的下部沿直径方向竖直布置，轴向开关采集主轴114上薄壁凸缘1141的轴向位置信号，轴向开关的遮档槽距圆心的距离小于周向开关距圆心的距离。五个开关理论上可以区分32个不同的信号，数量上远远超出一般工程机械和车辆上的档位信号，应用范围更加广泛；开关安装在开关电路板120上，开关电路板120安装在电路板定位片122上，电路板定位片122安装在外壳初段116上。例如将开关的引脚焊接在开关电路板120上，并将开关电路板120通过螺钉等连接方式固定在电路板定位片122上。开关电路板120后端的电线通 过电路板定位片122上的圆孔进入小孔后接到外部。
[作用：开关在编码盘119转动过程或主轴114轴向移动过程中产生编码盘119相对周向开关组合不同位置，或者主轴114相对轴向开关组1212不同位置所对应的信号，将相应的信号传入控制系统，控制相应的档位操作。]
图4是编码盘119，编码盘119通过螺钉等连接方式同轴连接在内芯111的轴向一端上，参与编码的编码盘119，圆筒形薄壁凸缘1141伸入周向开关组1211中每个开关中间的遮档槽之中；所述圆筒形薄壁凸缘1141采用不透光的材料，但部分位置采用缺口或开槽的形式使其在该位置处透光。编码盘119的结构如图4，遮档部分和缺口部分为20°，中间突起为40°，最右端的缺口也为40°；编码盘119为圆筒形结构，一端为圆环形，圆环形部分中间有圆孔，圆孔直径大于主轴114外径以便于主轴114通过，圆环形部分上有安装孔可与内芯111的轴向一端连接在一起并同轴。
[作用：在随内芯111转动的过程中控制相应的开关是否遮挡或被激发，从而产生与不同档位对应的电信号。]
图6是定位连接套筒112，定位连接套筒112内壁与内芯111外壁配合，定位连接套筒112可相对内芯111转动；定位连接套筒112外部两端各有沿圆周均匀布置的4个安装孔，一端通过安装孔与外壳初段116连接，另一端通过安装孔与外壳中段117连接，以实现定位连接套筒112与外壳初段116和外壳中段117的固定连接；定位连接套筒112中段有两圈沿圆周均匀对称布置的通孔用以定位，每圈18个，称之为定位孔1121，每相邻两个定位孔1121中心的夹角为20°，在换档过程中用来限制定位滚动体1104定位的位置，来达到换档定位和卡位的作用，此外定位连接套筒112内壁一侧轴向边缘加工出一个如图6的斜面或倒角，以便于装有定位滚动体1104、小滑块1103和定位弹簧1102的小套筒1101装入定位连接套筒112的内部。
[作用：在弹簧力的作用下，定位滚动体1104在定位连接套筒112的定位孔1121中卡紧，实现档位的初步限制与定位，定位连接套筒112与外壳固定在一起，相当于固接在设备上。]
图7是主轴114，主轴114的前端为一段薄壁凸缘1141，当主轴114处于左位时，薄壁凸缘1141部分进入开关部分的下端的轴向开关的遮档槽中， 从而产生与遮挡时状态对应的信号；相反的，若在右位时则不产生与遮挡时状态对应的信号。主轴114中段为圆筒形结构，主轴114中段外壁与内芯111的内壁同轴配合，主轴114中段可在内芯111的内孔中左右滑动；主轴114中段部分还有一个第一通孔1142，与小套筒1101实现过盈配合，使小套筒1101随主轴114一起运动，所述第一通孔1142的轴线与主轴114的轴线垂直相交。主轴114末端为连接部分，通过两个对称的安装孔与可滑连接套筒107相铰接或通过转轴与可滑连接套筒107两侧的滑槽连接，或者直接将主轴114末段的安装孔与操作杆外壳101上的滑槽连接，从而实现操作杆外壳101带动主轴114轴向移动和周向旋转的运动方式。
[作用：1.与操作杆外壳101连接，换挡时随操作杆外壳101一起运动。2.末端薄壁凸缘1141部分控制轴向开关的激发与否。3.带动小套筒1101，从而带动定位滚动体1104在定位连接套筒112中的运动。]
图8是内芯111，内芯111内孔的壁面与主轴114中段的外壁配合，主轴114可在内芯111的内孔中相对滑动；内芯111左端有一个两端为半圆中间为矩形的通槽穿过内芯111的轴线贯穿内芯111，称为限位槽1111，限位槽1111的宽度和小套筒1101的外径匹配，主轴114轴向移动时，带动小套筒1101在内芯111的限位槽1111中左右滑动，当主轴114周向转动换档时，主轴114带动小套筒1101、小套筒1101同时带动内芯111转动。内芯111左端端部有沿圆周方向均匀布置的四个安装孔，编码盘119通过安装孔固定在内芯111上。内芯111的外表面沿轴向的中部有轴肩1112，轴肩1112左部的内芯111外表面与定位连接套筒112的内表面配合，实现内芯111在定位连接套筒112中的转动；内芯111轴肩1112右部圆柱外表面与固接套筒113的内表面配合，实现内芯111在固接套筒113中的转动；内芯111的轴肩1112实现了内芯111在定位连接套筒112与固接套筒113之间的轴向定位；内芯111最右端外部有沿圆周均匀布置的四个安装孔，内芯固定连接套筒115通过安装孔与内芯111的轴向另一端同轴相连，以实现当内芯固定连接套筒115转动时带动内芯111一起转动。内芯固定连接套筒115与内芯111的轴肩1112一起实现固接套筒113的轴向定位。
[作用：外部与外壳配合，内孔与主轴114配合，与定位连接套筒112 相互限制轴向运动使二者只能发生相对转动，通过与内芯固定连接套筒115的配合作用，使得圆周换挡时内芯111可以随主轴114以及操作杆外壳101一起转动并可以限制小套筒1101以及主轴114的轴向移动范围。]
图9是外壳末段118，外壳末段118左端圆柱面上有四个沿圆周方向均匀布置的安装孔，外壳末段118通过安装孔与固接套筒113连接在一起；外壳末段118右端上部开有档位槽1181，换档时操作杆外壳101在档位槽1181中运动，经过标注，可以清晰地向操作者提供各不同档位的位置信息，并限制操作杆外壳101的极限换档位置和换档顺序；外壳末段118右端下部有两圈沿圆周方向均匀布置的锁死定位孔1182，锁死定位孔1182与锁死滑块10424的末端配合，当锁死滑块10424末端卡在锁死定位孔1182中，换档操作杆外壳101不能运动，换档时必须将锁死滑块10424移出锁死定位孔1182中才能进行换档，从而避免了误操作的发生，提高了安全可靠性。
[作用：1.整体零件的外部固定部分。2.与锁死滑块104配合进一步实现档位自锁。3.限制操作杆外壳101的换挡移动方式与顺序。]
图10是操作杆外壳101，操作杆外壳101是一根细长的空心杆，上端外表面上有一个类U型槽1011，类U型槽1011的一边高于另一边，换档过程中操作按钮109在槽中滑动；操作杆外壳101的内壁与连接滑块103，锁死滑块104滑动配合；操作杆外壳101的外部与可滑连接套筒107滑动配合；操作杆外壳101中部有两个通孔，弹簧定位套筒106安装在操作杆外壳101的中空内腔内并且通过在所述通孔部位的焊接与操作杆外壳101固接在一起；操作杆固定连接套筒内壁与操作杆外壳101外壁配合并在配合边缘处焊接于操作杆外壳101的底部。
[作用：1.直接或间接连接主轴114或者内芯111或者同时连接主轴114以及内芯，控制换挡动作。2.内部装配相应部件控制锁死滑块104的动作。]
图11是操作杆组件，操作杆组件包括操作杆外壳101、连接滑块103、操作按钮109、操作杆102、锁死弹簧105、弹簧定位套筒106、可滑连接套筒107、操作杆固定连接套筒108、锁死滑块104；操作杆外壳101是一根细长的空心杆，操作杆外壳101的内壁与连接滑块103，锁死滑块104滑动配合；操作杆外壳101的外部与可滑连接套筒107滑动配合；操作杆外壳101 中部有两个通孔，弹簧定位套筒106安装在操作杆外壳101的内腔中部并且通过焊接与操作杆外壳101固接在一起，弹簧定位套筒106便把锁死弹簧105的一端限定在指定位置；操作杆固定连接套筒108在配合边缘处焊接或固定连接于操作杆外壳101的底部。操作杆外壳101上端外表面上有一个类U型槽1011，类U型槽1011的一边高于另一边，换档过程中操作按钮109在类U形槽中左右上下滑动。档位锁死时，操作按钮109位于操作杆外壳101表面U型槽的较低一侧，此时锁死滑块104末端被连接滑块103带动的操作杆102作用下压在外壳末段118的锁死定位孔1182之中，换档机构处于锁死状态，无法换档；需要换档时，将操作按钮109拨动至类U型槽1011较高一侧，此时操作按钮109带动连接滑块103向上移动并在锁死弹簧105的作用下带动锁死滑块104滑出锁死定位孔1182，从而使换档机构处于可自由换档状态，继而进行换档操作。
图12是可滑连接套筒107a，可滑连接套筒107a内壁与操作杆外壳101的外壁滑动配合；可滑连接套筒107a外部中心处有对中的两个安装孔，通过安装孔连接到主轴114上，使其可以在换档时随主轴114一起运动，并且可以在操作杆外壳101上滑动，以解决换档过程中主轴114上的安装孔与操作杆外壳101的位置变化问题。
[作用：换挡时，操作杆外壳101移动过程中，因为操作杆外壳101下部连接内芯固定连接套筒115，操作杆外壳101与主轴114会存在位置变化，可滑连接套筒107可以补偿主轴114相对操作杆外壳101所产生的位置变化。]
图13是可滑连接套筒107b，可滑连接套筒107b与操作杆外壳101的外部焊接或固定连接；可滑连接套筒107外部中心处有两端为半圆中间为矩形的滑槽，通过穿过主轴114的转轴，可滑连接套筒107b的滑槽和主轴114相连接，使其可以随主轴114一起运动，并且转轴可以在可滑连接套筒107b的两端为半圆中间为矩形的滑槽内滑动，以解决换档过程中主轴114上的安装孔与可滑连接套筒107b的滑槽的位置变化问题。也可以通过将穿过主轴114的转轴直接插入操作杆外壳101两侧的滑槽中实现此功能。
[作用：换挡时，操作杆外壳101移动过程中，因为操作杆外壳101下 部铰接内芯固定连接套筒115，主轴114相对于操作杆外壳101的安装位置会存在位置变化，可滑连接套筒107及其两侧的滑槽可以补偿主轴114与操作杆外壳101二者之间所产生的位置变化。]
图14是操作杆固定连接套筒108，操作杆固定连接套筒108内壁与操作杆外壳101的外部通过边缘焊接的方法焊接在一起；操作杆固定连接套筒108外部中心处有对中的两个安装孔，通过安装孔与内芯固定连接套筒115铰接，可相对内芯固定连接套筒115转动。
[作用：将操作杆外壳101和内芯固定连接套筒115连接在一起。]
图15是内芯固定连接套筒115，内芯固定连接套筒115左端有四个沿圆周方向均匀布置的安装孔，通过螺钉将内芯固定连接套筒115和内芯111连接在一起，使得内芯固定连接套筒115和内芯111运动状态一致；内芯固定连接套筒115右端为连接部分，连接部分两个对中的安装孔在零件的中心轴之下，通过安装孔内芯固定连接套筒115与操作杆固定连接套筒108相铰接，从而为操作杆外壳101左右的摆动提供铰接点。
[作用：将操作杆外壳101与内芯111连接在一起，为操作杆外壳101在左右摆动时带动主轴114左右运动提供支点。]
本实施例的贡献之处在于：提出了新的换档定位和具有锁死功能的机构使得换档结构得到简化，体积减小，便于灵活的安装与使用，可以根据实际使用要求变化成不同档位的换档装置或其他速度、方向、位置等操纵机构，通用性得到了极大地提高，此外，设计过程中大量使用标准件使得制造成本降低。
实施例二
本发明档位操纵机构在实际运用中可用在外界环境条件比较恶劣、密封性要求高的场合；此外，方式一中的操作按钮109在需要频繁换档操作的情况时，操作相对较为复杂。方式二可以很好地解决上述问题，满足特定的使用要求。图15和图16是本发明第二实施例的档位操纵机构的结构图。
图17是外壳初段116，外壳初段116与第一实施例中的外壳初段116结构类似。外壳初段116的靠近左端圆柱面上有两个上下对称的安装孔，该安装孔与电路板定位片122的圆柱面上的安装孔将电路板定位片122固定在外 壳初段116内部的特定位置；外壳初段116的右端圆柱面上有四个沿圆周方向均匀布置的安装孔，安装孔下方加工出如图17的一定深度的环形槽，该环形槽与外壳中段117突出部分重叠配合，使得密封性得到提高。外壳初段116的安装孔通过螺钉将外壳初段116、外壳中段117和定位连接套筒112连接在一起，使得三者成为一体。外壳初段116的左端装配有端盖，使得整体的密封性进一步提高。
[作用：装置的整体外壳，用于固定电路板定位片122，以及将档位操纵机构安装在车辆上。]
图18是外壳中段117，外壳中段117与第一实施例中的外壳中段117结构类似。相当于将方案一中的外壳中段117和固接套筒113做成一个整体，外壳中段117的左端圆柱面上有四个沿圆周方向均匀布置的安装孔，再将外圆加工成如图18的结构，使得左端安装孔部分成为突出部分，在突出部分的边缘有一圈密封槽，外壳中段117的左端突出部分与外壳初段116右端的环形槽部分重叠配合，密封槽内同时装配密封圈，使得密封性得到提高；外壳中段117左端安装孔通过螺钉将外壳中段117、外壳初段116和定位连接套筒112连接在一起，使得三者成为一体。外壳中段117的右端圆柱面上也有四个沿圆周方向均匀布置的安装孔，并使得右端安装孔部分成为突出部分，在右端的的安装孔两侧加工有一圈密封槽，结构形式与左端相同，安装孔通过螺钉将外壳中段117与外壳末段118重叠配合连接在一起，密封槽内同时装配密封圈，使得两者成为一体，密封性提高。
[作用：装置的整体外壳，用于固定定位连接套筒112，有相应的密封槽，起到密封作用。]
图19是手柄按钮201，手柄按钮201的结构如图19所示，手柄按钮201左端为小直径圆柱部分，右端为大直径圆柱部分，在大直径圆柱部分在圆柱表面上沿轴向加工出一个一端径向深度大于另一端径向深度的异形槽2011，所述异形槽2011一端深度大于另一端深度；未换档时，在手柄按钮201复位弹簧2023作用下，手柄按钮201处于初始位，限位滚动体203位于异形槽2011的浅槽部分，此时连接滑块103顶端的凹槽内的限位滚动体203下压连接滑块103，通过操作杆102将锁死滑块104的端部压入外壳末段118 的锁死定位孔1182中，档位操纵机构无法换档；当摁压手柄按钮201时，手柄按钮201滑动使得限位滚动体203滑动至异形槽2011的深槽部分，此时由于锁死弹簧105的作用，将连接滑块103向上推，连接滑块103同时带动操作杆102和锁死滑块104向上移动，使锁死滑块104下端脱离外壳末段118的锁死定位孔1182，此时档位操纵机构可进行换档操作。
[作用：操作件，通过按动控制限位滚动体203的位置，从而控制锁死滑块104的位置，使得手柄按钮201进入或解除自锁状态。]
图20是手柄按钮外壳202，手柄按钮外壳202的主体为一个圆柱，从左端打一个一定深度的盲孔2021，手柄按钮201复位弹簧2023装在手柄按钮外壳202盲孔2021的底部，手柄按钮201装在手柄按钮外壳202的盲孔2021中，大直径端与手柄按钮201复位弹簧2023接触，并可在手柄按钮外壳202的盲孔2021内沿轴向滑动；手柄按钮外壳202的下端突出一个一定高度的环形部分，环形部分的内孔与上端盲孔2021相通，环形部分下端有沿圆周方向均匀布置的四个螺钉孔，在螺钉孔处通过螺钉将手柄按钮外壳202固定在操作杆外壳101上。
[作用：为手柄按钮201提供安装环境，并固定在操纵杆上，换档时握感舒适。
图21是端盖，端盖左端大直径部分的直径与外壳的外径相同，端盖右端的小直径部分的直径与外壳的内径相同；在端盖右端的小直径部分的边缘有一圈密封槽，用以安装密封圈，端盖的中心有一个通孔安装插头，便于内部电路的电线从中通过。端盖将本发明档位操纵机构的左端封死，与外界隔离，使得密封性得到提高。
[作用：密封，美观。]
本实施例解决了在恶劣环境中使用档位操纵机构的高密封性要求，同时使换档锁死功能的操作更加简便，满足了特定环境和高频率换档的使用要求，使得本发明档位操作机构更加完善。在实际使用过程中，手柄按钮201可以和操作按钮109配合使用或单独使用。
实施例三
本发明档位操纵机构由于设计尺寸较小，使得在圆周方向换档时，相邻 档位间的夹角不能过小，综合考虑后设置为20°，当在圆周方向档位较多时，换档过程中操作杆外壳101的偏转的角度过大，不利于使用者的操作。为解决这一问题，本发明提供了实施例三的两种解决方案：
方案a:
图22是本发明第三实施例的档位操纵机构a的部分结构示意图，图23是加长型的主轴114，加长型的主轴114的功能与其它实施例的主轴114相同，结构上，加长型的主轴114的主体部分和薄壁凸缘1141都比其它实施例的主轴114有所加长，其他部分的结构与其它实施例的主轴114相同。
[作用：与其它实施例的主轴114类似。]
图24是加长型的内芯111，加长型的内芯111的功能与其它实施例的内芯111相同，结构上，加长型的内芯111的轴肩1112的左端部分由于加长型的定位连接套筒112的变化也相应的加长，同时，轴肩1112左端部分的两端为半圆中间为矩形的通槽的长度也加长，其他部分的结构与其它实施例的内芯111相同。
[作用：与其它实施例的内芯111类似。]
图25是加长型的编码盘119，加长型的编码盘119的功能与其它实施例的编码盘119相同，结构上，由于加长型的主轴114在换档过程中的轴向位移增加，所以加长型的编码盘119的轴向长度也随之增加，其他部分的结构与其它实施例的编码盘119相同。
[作用：与其它实施例的编码盘119类似。]
图26是加长型的开关组121，加长型的开关组121由四个周向开关、三个轴向开关和开关电路板120组成，四个周向开关沿圆心均匀布置在开关电路板120的上部，相邻两个周向开关之间的夹角为40°，周向开关在换档时负责采集编码盘119的转角信号，其配合关系如图27所示；三个轴向开关位于周向开关的下部，三个轴向开关在相同直径的圆周上，中间的轴向开关沿直径方向竖直布置，其余两个轴向开关的中心分别在中间开关中心的两侧，与其夹角为80°；尺寸上，左端的轴向开关长度最长，右端的轴向开关长度其次，中间的轴向开关长度最短。轴向开关采集加长型的主轴114上薄壁凸缘1141的轴向位置信号；由第三实施例的档位操纵机构a的部分结构 示意图22可知，初始位置时，小套筒1101在加长型的定位连接套筒112的左端数第三圈定位孔1121的位置上，此时加长型的主轴114的薄壁凸缘1141部分伸入左端的轴向开关中，只有左端的轴向开关产生相应信号；以此位置为起始，向左移动一位时，加长型的主轴114的薄壁凸缘1141部分伸入左端的轴向开关和右端的轴向开关中，左端的轴向开关和右端的轴向开关产生相应信号；向左移动两位时，加长型的主轴114的薄壁凸缘1141部分伸入左端的轴向开关、中间的轴向开关和右端的轴向开关，三者同时产生相应信号；如果在初始位置基础上向右移动一位时，加长型的主轴114的薄壁凸缘1141部分未伸入任何一个轴向开关，三个轴向开关均无由于被遮档所产生的信号。这样便实现了增加轴向的档位信号的目的，使得操作更加的舒适、方便。
[作用：与其它实施例的开关类似。]
图28是加长型的定位连接套筒112，加长型的定位连接套筒112与其它实施例的定位连接套筒112结构相似，实际上是将其它实施例的定位连接套筒112的中部加长，并由原来的两圈定位孔1121改为四圈或者更多圈。此时在轴线方向的位置上便增加了两圈档位，可使得在每一个圆周方向上的档位可以相应减少，换档时，操作杆外壳101的偏转角度减小。与此同时，应相应更改开关部分的布置方式，使其可以正常的采集周向档位信号。
[作用：与其它实施例的定位连接套筒112类似，可以提供更多的档位。]
方案b:
图31是双定位的主轴114，双定位的主轴114与其它实施例的主轴114的结构类似。整体尺寸比其它实施例的主轴114更长，主轴114中段部分由原来的一个第一通孔1142变为两个，且两个第一通孔1142的角度相同，两个第一通孔1142分别与小套筒1101过盈配合，其他部分的结构与其它实施例的主轴114相同。
[作用：与其它实施例的主轴114类似。]
图32是双定位的内芯111，双定位的内芯111与其它实施例的内芯111的结构类似。双定位的内芯111由于要装两个定位连接套筒112，所以双定位的内芯111的轴肩1112的右端部分需要相应的加长，轴肩1112右端的对 称位置上也有两端为半圆中间为矩形的限位槽1111，尺寸也与左端的限位完全相同，其他部分的结构与内芯11112相同。
[作用：与其它实施例的内芯111类似。]
本发明档位操纵机构有两个定位连接套筒112，分别位于内芯111轴肩1112的两侧，如图30所示，右端的定位连接套筒112的沿圆周方向均匀布置的螺钉孔比左端的定位连接套筒112上的螺钉孔分别沿圆周方向在同一方向上偏移，因此装配完成后两个定位连接套筒112的定位孔1121在圆周方向上相差10°。同时主轴11414上也要在右端定位连接套筒112的相应位置上增加一个与原来主轴114中段的孔平行的第一通孔1142并装配定位滚动体1104，小滑块1103，小套筒1101。此时，当主轴114旋转换档时可以实现在有限尺寸空间上每10°换一个档，左右的定位机构交替定位。原有的编码盘119的结构和开关部分的结构可做相应的改变。因此实现了在不改变外部直径的前提下，增加圆周方向上的档位的目的。
本实施例解决了在档位较多时，旋转换档角度过大的问题，进一步扩展了本发明档位操纵机构的应用范围，使操作更加简便，更加符合人机工程的要求。
实施例四
本发明档位操纵机构在实际运用中可能需要在手柄上端部分增加电控按钮以满足用户的某些特殊操作需求，可根据本方案予以线路连接与密封解决。
如图33所示，在主轴114的右端内孔处增加一个密封塞411。密封塞411与主轴114的内孔实现过盈配合，在密封塞411的中部加工出若干个通线孔，便于操作杆外壳101部分的电线通过，密封塞411的增加既增加了档位操纵机构的密封性又便于电线的布置。
图33是第四种档位操纵机构的结构示意图，由图可知，若在操作手柄内部安装电控按钮后，在连接滑块103的轴向上开一个通孔，作为线路通道<a>，电线沿着线路通道<a>进入锁死弹簧105和操作杆102之间的空隙处即线路通道<b>，通过线路通道<b>进入弹簧定位套筒106和操作杆102的孔隙处即线路通道<c>，之后进入操作杆外壳101和操作杆102的空隙处，并通 过操作杆外壳101下部的圆孔即线路通道<d>使电线从操作杆外壳101部分走出，电线通过密封塞411中间的通线孔即线路通道<e>进入主轴114的内孔通道即线路通道<f>，因为主轴114的内孔直径大于小套筒1101的外孔，所以电线可沿线路通道<e>走至开关部分，因为开关部分的开关电路板120中心开有圆孔即线路通道<h>，电线通过线路通道<h>走至电路板定位片122，电路板定位片122中心同样开有圆孔即线路通道<i>，电线可通过电路板定位片122走至左端盖501，通过左端盖501的中心孔即线路通道<j>走出档位操纵机构，连于相应的电路板上。这样便实现了电线在档位操纵机构中的布置，使得手柄上的电信号通过操作杆外壳101部分和换档主体部分的线路通道由档位操纵机构的内部通过，并与外界实现信息传递。进一步地，为了保护导线，在锁死滑块104与锁死弹簧105中安装一走线滑块，所述走线滑块为薄壁回转体零件，其外表面与操作杆外壳101的内壁滑动连接，并在侧壁开有孔或槽便于导线进出。
本实施例解决了在手柄上增加电控按钮的特殊使用需求，使得本发明档位操纵机构的应用范围更加广泛，功能更加全面、完善。
实施例五
本发明档位操纵机构在用于自动档车辆或者档位较少的其他换档装置时，可以将双排孔的定位锁死方式改为单排孔的形式，这样不仅可以减小装置操作时占用的空间，还可以简化换档操作，满足广大客户在特殊情况下的使用要求。
图34是本发明第五实施例的档位操纵机构的结构示意图，图35是本发明第五实施例的档位操纵机构的爆炸图，图36是单排孔的左端盖501，单排孔的左端盖501安装在整体零件的最左端，与整体式外壳内孔的配合部分有沿圆周方向均匀布置的4个螺钉孔，通过螺钉将单排孔的左端盖501和整体式外壳连接在一起，配合部分的边缘还有一圈密封槽，将配合表面进行密封；单排孔的左端盖501内部为阶梯孔，从装置内部伸出的导线伸入该阶梯孔部分；单排孔的左端盖501左端小直径部分的外部为外螺纹，内部可选择安装带有走线孔的橡皮塞，通过外部装置的螺纹旋转来压紧橡皮塞，从而压紧从装置内部伸出的导线，以实现内部的密封作用。
[作用：1.密封，2为导线提供出口。]
图37是整体式外壳，整体式外壳的外部整体上由大圆柱部分和小圆柱部分组成，大圆柱部分开有4组平头螺钉孔，小圆柱部分有一组螺钉孔；整体式外壳的内部为两级阶梯孔。单排孔的左端盖501通过平头螺钉安装在外壳初段116大圆柱部分，最左端的平头螺钉孔上使得单排孔的左端盖501和整体式外壳连接在一起；电路板定位片122通过平头螺钉安装在整体式外壳左端第二组平头螺钉孔上，使得电路板定位片122可以固定在特定的位置上；整体式外壳大圆柱部分的其余两组平头螺钉孔用于安装单排孔的定位连接套筒112，单排孔的内芯111安装在整体式外壳内，通过整体式外壳内部的阶梯孔限制单排孔的内芯111的轴向位置；整体式外壳的小圆柱部分与单排孔的外壳末段118的内孔相配合并通过螺钉将二者连接在一起。
[作用：装置的外壳，用于固定单排孔的左端盖501，电路板定位片122和单排孔的定位连接套筒112，并限制单排孔的内芯111的轴向位置。]
图38是走线套筒504，走线套筒504大圆柱部分与单排孔的内芯111的内孔间隙配合，大圆柱部分上有一个贯通的直径略大于小套筒1101直径的第二通孔5041，小套筒1101穿过该第二通孔5041，小套筒1101运动时可带动其一起运动；走线套筒504内部有一个锥形孔，该锥形孔便于外部导线进入走线套筒504并顺利进入走线套筒504小孔部分，避免了运动过程中导线长度变化时导线可能会伸入关电开关或其他零部件的情况，使得整体换档定位功能更加安全可靠。
[作用：方便从操作杆外壳101进入的导线顺利走出，并不对其他零件造成干涉，还可以起到限位和保护导线的作用。]
图39是单排孔的定位连接套筒112，单排孔的定位连接套筒112内壁与单排孔的内芯111外壁配合，单排孔定位的定位连接套筒112可相对单排孔的内芯111转动；单排孔的定位连接套筒112外部两端各有沿圆周均匀布置的2组安装孔，通过安装孔与整体式外壳连接，以实现单排孔的定位连接套筒112与整体式外壳的固定连接；单排孔的定位连接套筒112中段有一圈沿圆周均匀对称布置的通孔用以定位，共18个，称之为定位孔1121，每相邻两个定位孔1121中心的夹角为20°，在换档过程中用来限制定位滚动体 1104定位的位置，来达到换档定位和卡位的作用，此外单排孔的定位连接套筒112内壁一侧轴向边缘加工出一个如图39的斜面或倒角，以便于将装有定位滚动体1104、小滑块1103和定位弹簧1102的小套筒1101装入单排孔的定位连接套筒112的内部。
[作用：在弹簧作用下，定位滚动体1104在单排孔的定位连接套筒112的定位孔1121中卡位，实现档位的初步限制与定位，单排孔的定位连接套筒112与外壳固定在一起，相当于固接在档位操纵机构上。]
图40是单排孔的内芯111，单排孔的内芯111内孔的壁面与走线套筒504的大直径部分的外壁配合；单排孔的内芯111左端有一个第一通孔1142，小套筒1101穿过该孔，并与单排孔的内芯111过盈配合，小套筒1101同时穿过走线套筒504；当操作杆外壳101周向转动换档时，内芯111带动小套筒1101、走线套筒504转动。单排孔的内芯111左端端部有沿圆周方向均匀布置的四个安装孔，编码盘119通过安装孔固定在单排孔的内芯111上。单排孔的内芯111的外表面沿轴向的中部有轴肩1112，轴肩1112左部的单排孔的内芯111外表面与单排孔的定位连接套筒112的内表面配合，实现单排孔的内芯111在单排孔的定位连接套筒112中的转动；单排孔的内芯111轴肩1112右部圆柱外表面与整体式外壳的内表面配合，实现内芯111在整体式外壳中的转动；单排孔的内芯111的轴肩1112实现了单排孔的内芯111在单排孔的定位连接套筒112与整体式外壳之间的轴向定位；单排孔的内芯111轴肩1112右部圆柱外表面有一圈密封槽，装入密封圈后可实现配合表面间的密封作用；单排孔的内芯111最右端小圆柱部分上下两端有两个大圆孔，上端大圆孔的边缘还有一个矩形的开槽，操作杆外壳101安装在该大圆孔内，操作杆外壳101中伸出的导线通过矩形开槽进入单排孔的内芯111的内部；单排孔的内芯111最右端小圆柱部分两侧有螺钉孔，操作杆外壳101伸入单排孔的内芯111的大圆孔后通过螺钉将单排孔的内芯111的螺钉孔和操作杆外壳101上的螺钉孔连接在一起，以实现二者的固定连接。
[作用：1.与单排孔的定位连接套筒112实现相对转动关系，并带动定位滚动体1104与之一起运动，与外壳相配合2.与操作杆外壳101固定在一起，随操作杆外壳101一起转动。]
图41是塑料防尘套503，塑料防尘套503为薄壁圆环形零件，零件沿直径的方向有两个圆孔，操作杆外壳101穿过其中一个圆孔，操作杆外壳101运动时同时带动塑料防尘套503一起运动；塑料防尘套503外表面配合在单排孔的外壳末段118的内表面上或外表面上，可以防止外界杂质通过单排孔的外壳末段118上端的档位槽1181进入装置内部，另一个圆孔用于锁死滑块104穿过该孔与单排孔的外壳末段118的锁死定位孔1182的配合。
[作用：防止外部灰尘进入内部。]
图42是单排孔的外壳末段118，单排孔的外壳末段118为圆环形结构，一侧圆柱面上有四个沿圆周方向均匀布置的沉头螺钉孔，通过该螺钉孔将外壳末段118固定在外界某个特定的位置上；另一侧圆柱面上有上下两个沉头螺钉孔，通过该螺钉孔将单排孔的右端盖502固定在单排孔的外壳末段118上；单排孔的外壳末段118上部开有档位槽1181，换档时操作杆外壳101在档位槽1181中运动；单排孔的外壳末段118圆柱内表面与塑料防尘套503的外表面配合，防止外界杂质进入换档定位部分；单排孔的外壳末段118下部有一圈沿圆周方向均匀布置的锁死定位孔1182，锁死定位孔1182为内侧大外侧小的锥形孔，每圈锁死定位孔1182要求对中，每相邻两孔之间的夹角相同，且度数与实际使用的要求度数相符合，锁死滑块104下端也为锥形，锁死定位孔1182与锁死滑块104配合，将锁死滑块104的下部卡在锁死定位孔1182中，因此，有干扰外力存在时，锁死滑块104也无法滑出单排孔的外壳末段118，换档时必须将锁死滑块104拉出才能进行换档，避免了换档过程中可能出现的误操作，安全可靠性得以提高。
[作用：1.可以作为整体机构的外部固定部分。2.与锁死滑块104配合实现挡位自锁功能。3.限制操作杆外壳101的换档移动方式与顺序。]
图43是单排孔右端盖502，单排孔右端盖502小圆柱部分外径与单排孔的外壳末段118的内径大小相近，相互配合，小圆柱部分有两个螺钉孔，通过螺钉将单排孔右端盖502和单排孔的外壳末段118固定在一起；单排孔右端盖502大圆柱部分与单排孔的外壳末段118外径大小相同，限制单排孔右端盖502的轴向位移。
[作用：密封，防尘，美观。]
图44是单排孔的开关，单排孔的开关部分包含周向开关组1211和开关电路板120。四个周向开关沿圆心均匀布置在开关电路板120的上部，相邻两个周向开关之间的夹角为40°，周向开关在换档时负责采集编码盘119的转角信号；四个开关理论上可以区分16个不同的信号，完全可以满足一般工程机械和车辆上的档位信号，应用范围广泛；开关安装在开关电路板120上，开关电路板120安装在电路板定位片122上，电路板定位片122安装在整体式外壳上。例如将开关的引脚焊接在开关电路板120上，并将开关电路板120通过螺钉等连接方式固定在电路板定位片122上。
[作用：单排孔的开关在编码盘119转动过程中产生与编码盘119不同位置对应的信号，将产生的信号传入控制系统，控制相应的档位。]
本实施例解决了自动档车辆或者档位较少的其他换档装置的匹配问题，进一步拓展了本发明档位操纵机构的适用范围。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明实质内容上所作的任何修改、等同替换和简单改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 档位操纵机构，其特征在于，该档位操纵机构包括操纵机构本体以及安装在操纵机构本体上的换挡机构，其中，所述操纵机构本体包括操作杆组件或者包括操作杆组件以及安装在所述操作杆组件上的操作按钮组件；所述换挡机构包括编码装置、定位换挡装置以及固定连接装置；其中，所述编码装置设置于所述定位换挡装置左端，且所述编码装置与所述定位换挡装置均套装于所述固定连接装置内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述操作杆组件包括空心杆状的操作杆外壳(101)或者包括实体状的操作杆外壳(101)，或者包括空心杆状的操作杆外壳(101)以及套装于操作杆外壳(101)内的操作杆(102)；
    当所述操作杆组件包括空心杆状的操作杆外壳(101)以及套装于操作杆外壳(101)内的操作杆(102)时；所述操作杆(102)的上、下两端分别连接连接滑块(103)和锁死滑块(104)，所述操作杆(102)外位于所述连接滑块(103)和锁死滑块(104)之间的位置套装锁死弹簧(105)和弹簧定位套筒(106)；其中，
    所述连接滑块(103)和所述锁死滑块(104)均与所述操作杆外壳(101)的内壁滑动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述弹簧定位套筒(106)与所述操作杆外壳(101)的内壁固接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述弹簧定位套筒(106)与所述操作杆外壳(101)为一体式结构。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述操作杆外壳(101)外套装可滑连接套筒(107)，且所述可滑连接套筒(107)与所述操作杆外壳(101)滑动连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述操作杆外壳(101)上开有一对滑槽。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述操作杆外壳(101)外套装操作杆固定连接套筒(108)，且所述操作杆固定连接套筒(108)固接于所述操作杆外壳(101)的底端。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述操作杆外壳(101)上端开有一个两边长度不等的类U型槽(1011)或类n型槽。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述操作按钮组件为一操作按钮(109)，所述操作按钮(109)穿过所述类U型槽(1011)或类n型槽并可沿所述类U型槽(1011)或类n型槽滑动，所述操作按钮(109)位于操作杆外壳(101)内的一端连接在所述连接滑块(103)上。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的档位操纵机构，其特征在于，所述操作按钮组件包括手柄按钮(201)以及手柄按钮外壳(202)，其中，
    所述手柄按钮(201)的右端开有一异形槽(2011)，所述异形槽(2011)具有深槽端和浅槽端；
    所述手柄按钮外壳(202)左端开有一盲孔(2021)，底端具有一圆筒状凸缘(2022)，所述圆筒状凸缘(2022)的内孔与所述盲孔(2021)相通；
    所述手柄按钮(201)置于所述盲孔(2021)内且所述手柄按钮(201)与所述盲孔(2021)的底部之间安装一复位弹簧(2023)，所述手柄按钮(201)与所述手柄按钮外壳(202)滑动连接。
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