WO2016039479A1 - 高分子担持遷移触媒 - Google Patents
高分子担持遷移触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016039479A1 WO2016039479A1 PCT/JP2015/075940 JP2015075940W WO2016039479A1 WO 2016039479 A1 WO2016039479 A1 WO 2016039479A1 JP 2015075940 W JP2015075940 W JP 2015075940W WO 2016039479 A1 WO2016039479 A1 WO 2016039479A1
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- atom
- catalyst
- polymer
- metal
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 187
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 179
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010485 C−C bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 9
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010656 hydrometalation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilane Chemical compound CC[SiH](CC)CC AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
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- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- CGWFOWZGURYLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlorotitanium;propan-2-ol Chemical compound Cl[Ti]Cl.CC(C)O.CC(C)O CGWFOWZGURYLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- HRDRRWUDXWRQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);propan-2-olate Chemical compound [Hf+4].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] HRDRRWUDXWRQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- SJWPTBFNZAZFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pmpp Chemical compound C1CCSC2=NC=NC3=C2N=CN3CCCN2C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C1=C2 SJWPTBFNZAZFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ITDJKCJYYAQMRO-UHFFFAOYSA-L rhodium(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Rh+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITDJKCJYYAQMRO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- HSXKFDGTKKAEHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum(v) ethoxide Chemical compound [Ta+5].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] HSXKFDGTKKAEHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGYLMXMMQNTWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloropalladium Chemical compound Cl[Pd](Cl)(Cl)Cl KGYLMXMMQNTWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVJDTKXZVZTKLX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorogold;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QVJDTKXZVZTKLX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- DJWUNCQRNNEAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc acetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O DJWUNCQRNNEAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconocene dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zr+4].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 QMBQEXOLIRBNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
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Definitions
- Some embodiments of the present invention are a catalyst of a composition composed of at least a metal composite supported on a polymer, and are easy to manufacture and handle, and have excellent durability that can be used repeatedly or continuously. It relates to a highly active catalyst.
- Metal is used as an important component of chemical reaction catalysts. Even when limited to the field of organic synthesis, catalysts containing metals, especially transition metals, are used in various types of reactions such as reduction reactions, oxidation reactions, hydrometallation, carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, carbon-nitrogen bond formation reactions, etc. Applied, it has become an indispensable reagent for the production of large quantities of industrial products or medical and agrochemical products.
- transition metals contain many rare elements such as platinum and palladium classified as rare metals, and are often expensive due to limitations in reserves and production. Therefore, it is required to recycle transition metals from the viewpoint of cost and effective utilization of resources. And the request
- Non-Patent Document 1 a reduction reaction proceeds by hydrogenation of a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Non-patent Document 2 a catalyst in which ruthenium is supported on polyethylene glycol introduced with carbene or phosphine capable of coordinating with ruthenium as a substituent, an olefin metathesis reaction proceeds, and polyethylene ether is supported by adding diethyl ether as a poor solvent. Has been recovered (Non-patent Document 2).
- the catalyst is recovered by carrying out the allylation reaction by supporting it on polystyrene (Patent Document 1).
- Some aspects of the present invention have been made to solve the above-described problems, and can provide a catalyst having a high activity or a long life in which leakage of metal is suppressed, which can be easily and inexpensively manufactured.
- a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units, and a metal serving as a catalyst center, at least a part of the metal is
- each of the plurality of first structural units includes a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent bonded to the first atom.
- the second atom contained in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or
- a catalyst characterized in that at least one of the substituents on the second atom is different from the first substituent.
- the inventors have studied to firmly fix the metal with the polymer, and found that the metal is effectively fixed when several polymers that can be easily synthesized or obtained are used as the carrier. Obtained as knowledge.
- a composition composed of a metal and the polymer containing the metal was used as a catalyst, various organic synthetic chemical reactions proceeded smoothly, and the target compound was successfully obtained in high yield. .
- the catalyst was excellent in durability with no metal leakage after the reaction.
- the main chain of the polymer does not contain a carbon atom.
- it is preferable that neither the first atom nor the second atom is a carbon atom.
- the first atom is preferably a silicon atom.
- the second atom may be an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- the metal is palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, manganese, technetium, osmium, molybdenum, tungsten, iridium, rhenium, Any of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, niobium and vanadium may be used.
- the first atom is a silicon atom
- the first substituent is at least one of a substituent consisting of only a hydrogen atom, a substituent containing an oxygen atom, and a substituent containing a carbon atom. It is preferable that In the catalyst according to any one of the above, it is preferable that an inorganic member or an organic member is further included. In the catalyst according to any one of the above, it is preferable that the catalyst further contains alumina or silicon oxide.
- a first compound including a metal atom and a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units are prepared.
- the first substituent reacts with the first compound.
- the first atom is preferably a silicon atom
- the first substituent is preferably a hydrogen atom
- the electronegativity of the second atom is preferably higher than that of the first atom.
- the metal atom is preferably inserted between the silicon atom and the hydrogen atom.
- a method for producing a compound according to the present invention comprises using any of the above-described catalysts to cause a reduction reaction, an oxidation reaction, a hydrometalation, a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction, or a carbon-nitrogen bond formation reaction. How to manufacture.
- a highly durable catalyst in which a metal is strongly fixed to a polymer is provided. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the said catalyst and the manufacturing method of the compound by the said catalyst are provided.
- a method for producing a composition comprises a first compound comprising a first atom that is a group 14 and a second compound comprising a third atom that is a metal.
- the third atom is oxidized or reduced.
- the first reaction is performed in a first solvent.
- the first compound further includes a fourth atom.
- the first compound has a first bond between the first atom and the second atom.
- the first compound has a second bond between the first atom and the fourth atom.
- each of said 2nd atom and said 4th atom is a hydrogen atom.
- the method for producing the above composition includes a third bond having a third bond between a hydrogen atom and a fifth atom having an electronegativity higher than the hydrogen atom.
- the method further includes the step of preparing a compound of:
- the first reaction is performed in the presence of the third compound.
- a bond is formed between the first atom and the fifth atom during the first reaction.
- Typical examples of such bonds are oxygen-silicon bonds and nitrogen-silicon bonds.
- the fifth atom is either an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- the first compound has a fourth bond between the first atom and an oxygen atom.
- the first compound further includes a sixth atom, and the sixth atom belongs to Group 14.
- the first atom and the sixth atom are bonded to the same oxygen atom.
- both said 1st atom and said 6th atom are silicon atoms.
- the first compound further includes a plurality of seventh atoms, and the plurality of seventh atoms belong to Group 14, and the plurality of seventh atoms. Of the two atoms are bonded to the eighth atom.
- the eighth atom is an oxygen atom.
- the first compound has a siloxane moiety.
- the first compound is polysiloxane.
- a hydrogen molecule produces
- the hydrogen molecule reduces the third atom.
- the first compound has an average molecular weight of 500 or greater.
- the first compound has an average molecular weight of 1000 or greater.
- the method for producing the composition preferably includes a step of adding a first raw material to the first solvent after the first reaction.
- the first member can carry the third atom.
- the third atom is supported by the first member after the third atom is oxidized or reduced.
- the first member has at least one silicon-oxygen bond and aluminum-oxygen bond.
- the first member is alumina or silicon oxide.
- the method for producing the composition causes aggregation of the particles containing the third atom.
- the aggregation occurs by adding a second solvent.
- the method for producing the above composition preferably, the aggregation of the particles occurs after oxidation or reduction of the third atom.
- the method for producing the above composition further includes a step of adding a first member to the first solvent after the first reaction.
- the aggregation of the particles occurs after the first member is added.
- the third compound further includes a fifth bond between the ninth atom and the tenth atom.
- the element of the fifth atom is the same as the element of the ninth atom, and the tenth atom is a hydrogen atom.
- the method for producing the above composition further includes a reprecipitation step of collecting particles carrying the third atoms that have been oxidized or reduced.
- the third atom is a transition metal atom.
- the third atom is any one of palladium, ruthenium, platinum and rhodium.
- the composition can function as a catalyst in an organic synthesis reaction.
- the organic synthesis reaction is any one of a hydrogenation reaction, a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction, and a hydrosilylation reaction.
- the weight ratio in the said composition with respect to said 1st atom of said 3rd atom is 0.005 or more.
- the weight ratio in the said composition with respect to said 1st atom of said 3rd atom is 0.01 or more.
- the weight ratio in the said composition with respect to said 1st atom of said 3rd atom is 0.05 or more.
- the weight ratio in the said composition with respect to said 1st atom of said 3rd atom is 0.01 or more.
- the method for producing the above composition preferably, the method further comprises the step of removing at least one of the first compound and the fifth compound produced by the second reaction relating to the first compound. Including.
- the composition according to some aspects of the present invention includes a Group 14 first atom, a second atom, and a third atom that is a metal.
- the weight ratio of the third atom to the first atom in the composition is 0.005 or more.
- the weight ratio of the third atom to the first atom in the composition is 0.01 or more.
- the weight ratio of the third atom to the first atom in the composition is 0.05 or more.
- the weight ratio of the third atom to the first atom in the composition is 0.01 or more.
- the first atom is any one of a silicon atom, a germanium atom, a tin atom, and a lead atom.
- the third atom is a transition metal atom.
- the third atom is any one of palladium, ruthenium, platinum and rhodium.
- the second atom is any one of a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom.
- the first atom is bonded to the second atom.
- the composition can function as a catalyst in an organic synthesis reaction.
- the composition further comprises a fifth atom.
- the weight ratio of the first atom to the fifth atom is 1.0 or less.
- the composition further comprises a sixth atom.
- the fifth atom is bonded to the sixth atom.
- the element of the second atom is the same as the element of the sixth atom.
- the second atom is an oxygen atom.
- the first atom is not bonded to a Group 14 atom.
- the first atom is a silicon atom.
- the composition according to some aspects of the present invention includes a plurality of first atoms of a first element, a plurality of second atoms of a second element other than the first element, and a third element. A plurality of third atoms.
- the plurality of first atoms are not bonded to each other, and each of the plurality of first atoms is one second atom of the plurality of second atoms.
- the weight ratio of the third element to the second element in the composition is 0.01 or more.
- the weight ratio of the third element to the first element in the composition is 0.05 or more.
- the weight ratio of the third element to the first element in the composition is 0.01 or more.
- the composition does not ignite in air.
- the composition further includes a plurality of fourth atoms of a fourth element other than the first element, the second element, and the third element.
- the composition further includes a plurality of fifth atoms of a fifth element other than the first element and the third element.
- each of the plurality of fourth atoms is bonded to any one fifth atom of the plurality of fifth atoms.
- each of the second element and the fifth element is oxygen.
- the weight ratio of the first element to the fourth element is 1.0 or less.
- the weight ratio of the first element to the fourth element is 0.5 or less.
- the weight ratio of the first element to the fourth element is 0.1 or less.
- the first element is any one of silicon, germanium, tin, and lead.
- the fourth element is aluminum.
- the third element is any one of transition metals.
- a method for producing a substance according to some aspects of the present invention comprises preparing any one of the above compositions and a first substance, reacting the first substance in the presence of the composition, including.
- the reaction is any one of a reduction reaction, an oxidation reaction, a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction, and a hydrosilylation reaction.
- the reaction is performed while the first substance flows.
- the reaction is performed by passing the first substance through the composition fixed in a flow path.
- An apparatus according to some aspects of the invention includes a flow path and any one of the above compositions.
- the composition is arranged such that a substance passing through the flow path is in contact with the composition.
- the flow path is constituted by a column.
- a method for producing a composition according to some aspects of the present invention includes a first compound that includes a plurality of first atoms and a plurality of second atoms that are Group 14 and a second compound that includes a third atom that is a metal.
- each of the plurality of first atoms is bonded to any one of the plurality of second atoms, and the third atom is oxidized or reduced during the first reaction. Is done.
- said several 2nd atom is a hydrogen atom.
- the plurality of first atoms are silicon atoms.
- the first compound has a fourth atom and two of the plurality of first atoms bonded to the fourth atom.
- the said 4th atom is an oxygen atom.
- the method for producing the above composition further includes a third compound having hydrogen and a fifth atom having an electronegativity higher than that of a hydrogen atom.
- the first reaction is performed in the presence of the third compound.
- the fifth atom is either a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- a bond between any one of the plurality of first atoms and the fifth atom is formed during the first reaction. Typical examples of such bonds are oxygen-silicon bonds and nitrogen-silicon bonds.
- hydrogen molecules are generated during the first reaction.
- the hydrogen molecule reduces the third atom.
- the metal catalyst supported on a polymer obtained according to some embodiments of the present invention is composed of a metal that serves as a catalyst center and a polymer that supports the metal.
- the polymer supporting the metal is further supported on an organic member or an inorganic member.
- any polymer can be used without particular limitation as long as it is excellent in carrying ability to strongly immobilize the metal serving as the catalyst center and is stable even under reaction conditions.
- the polymer may be a homopolymer composed of repetitions of the same structural unit, or a copolymer having two or more different structural units.
- the copolymer include a random copolymer in which different structural units are bonded at random and a block copolymer in which the same structural unit is repeated.
- the polymer includes a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units, and each of the plurality of first structural units includes a first chain constituting the main chain of the polymer.
- the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of the substituents on the second atom is different from the first substituent.
- the substituents on each atomic group and the second atomic group in the structural unit satisfy any one of the following elements (1) to (7). More preferably, the other elements are filled simultaneously. Most preferably, all elements are satisfied.
- the main chain of the polymer does not contain a carbon atom.
- the first atom is an atom other than an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom.
- the first atom is a silicon atom.
- the second atom is an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- the first atom is a silicon atom, and the first substituent is at least one of a substituent consisting of only a hydrogen atom, a substituent containing an oxygen atom, and a substituent containing a carbon atom.
- the first atom is a silicon atom, and the first substituent is a hydrogen atom.
- the electronegativity of the second atom is higher than that of the first atom.
- a group 14 element atom such as a carbon atom or a silicon atom
- a group 16 element atom such as an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a 14 element such as a silicon atom
- examples thereof include polymers in which atoms and group 15 element atoms such as nitrogen atoms and phosphorus atoms are bonded.
- it may be a polymer such as carbosilane in which atoms of different group 14 elements are connected, or a polymer in which a ⁇ -electron system is connected through a connecting group such as a methylene group.
- a more preferable polymer preferably has an organic group such as an alkyl group or an alkoxy group or a hydrogen atom on the group 14 element atom.
- the polymer are polymers such as polyethyleneimine, polyester and polymethylenephenylene isocyanate, wherein the main chain is composed of carbon atoms and heteroatoms, poly (oxymethylhydrosilylene), poly (oxydimethylsilylene) Polysiloxanes such as (oxymethylhydrosilylene), poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxydihydrosilylene), poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxydiphenylsilylene) and poly (oxymethylphenylsilylene), perhydropolysilazane, poly Dimethylsilazane, poly (dimethyl-methyl) silazane, polymethylsilazane, poly (1,1-dimethyl-2-methylpolysilazane), poly (1,1-diphenyl-2-methylpolysilazane), poly
- silicon atom preferably contains a silicon atom and preferably has at least one hydrogen atom on the silicon atom, and the silicon-hydrogen bond interacts with transition metals such as palladium ion, ruthenium ion, rhodium ion and platinum ion, Metal ions can be reduced, and some metal classes exhibit catalytic activity depending on the metal. There is possible to generate over.
- the main chain of the polymer is composed of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. More specifically, it may be constituted by repeating a unit derived from a single monomer having the same substituent on silicon, or may be constituted by repeating units derived from two or more monomers having different substituents on silicon. Good. In the latter case, it can be either a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
- the polysiloxane analog preferably has hydrogen atoms as substituents on silicon at a constant rate.
- the ratio of hydrogen atoms to all substituents on the silicon atom is preferably determined according to the reducing ability necessary to reduce the target metal atom.
- it can also act as a reducing agent.
- the metal atom is reduced and converted to a silanol group by a minute amount of moisture. This silanol group can be further subjected to dehydration condensation to form a crosslinked structure, and is considered to fix and coat the metal more effectively.
- the average molecular weight of the polysiloxane analog is typically 500 or more. More preferably, the average molecular weight is 1000 or more.
- the hydrogen content is preferably 60 g / mol or more. However, if the hydrogen content is too high, hydrogen gas may be generated when reacted with metal atoms, which may be dangerous for work, and therefore it is preferably 200 g / mol or less.
- the above polysiloxane analogues such as poly (oxymethylhydrosilylene), poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene), poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxydihydrosilylene), etc. can be easily synthesized or inexpensively produced. It is available and very stable and easy to handle. Therefore, when mass production of a catalyst is performed using the above polysiloxane analog as a metal carrier, it is excellent in that the raw material can be easily obtained and no special equipment considering the alteration of the raw material is required. .
- the metal which becomes the catalyst center may be any metal compound as long as it can be applied to the target reaction.
- it is a transition metal compound containing a group 3 to group 13 transition metal element. More preferably, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, manganese, technetium, osmium, molybdenum, tungsten, iridium, rhenium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, niobium, Including vanadium.
- the type of the transition metal ligand and the valence of the transition metal are not particularly limited.
- palladium, platinum, gold and the like are zero-valent. It is considered that the polymer is supported on the polymer as a metal cluster.
- the transition metal compound that can be used in the preparation of the catalyst has no ligand, or has an anionic ligand or a neutral ligand. Things can be considered.
- Anions include halide ions such as chloro, bromo and iodo, acetate, triflate, mesylate, alkoxide, acetylacetonate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, cyano, hexafluoroacetylacetonate, hydroxide ion, nitrate, sulfonate.
- complex salts or hydrates thereof can be used.
- bis (2,4-pentanedionate) titanium (IV) oxide dichlorotitanium diisopropoxide, tetra-n-butylorthotitanate, tetraethylorthotitanate, tetraisopropylorthotitanate, titanium chloride (III) ), Titanium chloride (IV), bis (2,4-pentandionate) vanadium (IV) oxide, vanadium chloride (III), vanadium chloride (IV), chromium acetate (III), chromium chloride (II), chromium chloride (III), chromium nitrate (III), pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate, tris (2,4-pentanedionate) chromium (III), manganese acetate (II), manganese acetate (III), manganese chloride (II) , Manganese (II) nitrate, Manganes
- the polymer-supported metal catalyst obtained according to some embodiments of the present invention includes a metal as a catalyst center, a polymer supporting the metal, and an inorganic member or polystyrene resin supporting a polymer on which the metal catalyst is immobilized. Or an organic member such as polyacrylic resin.
- a metal compound, activated carbon, or the like can be used as the inorganic member.
- a compound such as an oxide containing silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, or the like can be used. More specific examples include titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zeolite, hydrotalcite, and the like.
- the method for producing a metal catalyst supported on a polymer includes a step of mixing the metal atom compound and the polymer and supporting the metal on the polymer. . Further, it may include a step of mixing with an inorganic member or an organic member and further supporting a polymer containing a transition metal on the inorganic member or the organic member.
- ⁇ Mixed> In the step of mixing and supporting the metal compound with the polymer, a method of directly kneading the metal compound and the polymer compound or a method of mixing with a solvent can be considered.
- a method of mixing using a solvent is preferable.
- the kind of the solvent can be freely selected as long as it can dissolve or disperse the reactant to some extent.
- an organic solvent capable of efficiently mixing the polymer is used.
- an aprotic organic solvent is preferable in consideration of reactivity.
- ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform
- tetrahydrofuran (THF) toluene or the like is used.
- the type of reducing agent to be used can be appropriately selected.
- Metal hydrogen complex compounds or metal hydrides such as phenyltin, tri-n-butyltin hydride, hydrosilanes such as trichlorosilane, trimethylsilane, triethylsilane, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, diborane, amine borane complex, alkylborane, etc.
- borohydride, triethylsilane, and hydrogen gas are preferable in consideration of cost, safety, environmental impact, and the like.
- poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) (PMHS) is used as a polymer
- the carrier polymer itself acts as a reducing agent, so no additional reducing agent is required.
- the catalyst can be prepared by a simple method.
- ⁇ Conditions for mixing and reduction> When a metal compound and a polymer are mixed in a solvent, the temperature is not higher than the boiling point, and the reaction temperature is not limited as long as it is not lower than the freezing point. However, when it is necessary to reduce the metal compound, the reduction is performed in a temperature range where the reduction reaction for the metal compound proceeds without any problem. At this time, if necessary, a reducing agent is separately added. When a polymer is prepared in the system, one or more corresponding monomers are appropriately added instead of the polymer. In some embodiments of the present invention, a high temperature is not required for the reduction reaction with respect to the transition metal compound, and from the viewpoint of equipment and utility costs, it is preferable to carry out in a temperature range of about 0 ° C. to room temperature.
- the inorganic member or the organic member is supported on the inorganic member or the organic member
- the inorganic member or the organic member is supported on the reaction solution containing a transition metal compound, a polymer, and, if necessary, a reducing agent.
- the metal compound, the reducing agent, the inorganic member, or the organic member can be added and mixed at the same time, and it is considered that the mixing order does not greatly affect the manufacturing.
- FIG. 1 shows a conceptual diagram of an apparatus in the flow reaction system. According to such an apparatus configured to pass the reaction substrate and hydrogen gas supplied without interruption through the polymer-supported metal catalyst according to some embodiments of the present invention fixed to the flow path, Thus, a reduction reaction can be performed.
- hydrogenation reactions to various unsaturated bonds proceed under relatively mild conditions.
- the reaction proceeds at a reaction temperature of about room temperature, it is not particularly limited to around room temperature, and it may be lower or higher.
- the reaction proceeds in a hydrogen gas atmosphere at about atmospheric pressure, but it may be in a mixed gas atmosphere with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, and the pressure can be appropriately adjusted.
- Oxygen gas, peroxide, hypervalent iodic acid, etc. can be used as the oxidizing agent.
- the Wacker oxidation reaction proceeds on various unsaturated bonds under relatively mild conditions.
- the reaction proceeds at a reaction temperature of about room temperature, it is not particularly limited to around room temperature, and it may be lower or higher.
- the reaction proceeds in an oxygen gas atmosphere at about atmospheric pressure, but it may be in a mixed gas atmosphere with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, and the pressure can be adjusted as appropriate.
- ⁇ Carbon-carbon bond formation reaction> when using the polymer-supported metal catalyst according to some aspects of the present invention, various carbon-carbon bond formation reactions can be provided, and cyclopropanation reactions can be provided. It can be applied to various reactions such as ene reaction, pericyclic reaction, aldol reaction, Michael addition reaction, Hosomi-Sakurai reaction, cross-coupling reaction, metathesis reaction. Examples of the cross coupling reaction include Heck reaction, Sonogashira coupling reaction, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, Kumada coupling reaction, Negishi coupling reaction, Soot-trost reaction, Stille coupling reaction and the like.
- a polymer (which may be a monomer constituting the polymer) and, if necessary, a reducing agent are mixed with a solvent, a transition metal compound is added to the mixed solution, and the mixture is stirred at an appropriate temperature for a certain time. Thereafter, the inorganic member (suspension thereof) is added and further stirred.
- the inorganic member (suspension thereof) is added and further stirred.
- methanol and stirring for a while reprecipitation is performed, suction filtration and twice washing with methanol are performed, and the polymer-supported metal catalyst can be obtained as a powder.
- Table 1 shows specific examples of catalysts according to some embodiments of the present invention, and details of each are described in Examples 1 to 35 below.
- Example 1 Poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (PDMS) (Shin-Etsu Silicone, Catalog No .: KF-96) 250 mg of THF solution was prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate (Pd (OAc) 2 ) was added, and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) Stir at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes under atmosphere. Subsequently, 1.25 g of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes.
- PDMS poly (oxydimethylsilylene)
- Pd (OAc) 2 palladium (II) acetate
- H 2 hydrogen gas
- Example 2 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) nitrate (Pd (NO 3 ) 2 ) is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. Subsequently, 1.25 g of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, re-precipitate, perform suction filtration and twice wash with methanol, and use palladium catalyst (PSiO-Pd / TiO 2 ) supported on poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and titanium oxide as powder obtain.
- palladium catalyst PSiO-Pd / TiO 2
- Example 3 Polyethyleneimine (PEI) (Wako Pure Chemicals, catalog number: 167-1195) A 250 mg THF solution is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride (PdCl 2 ) is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. Subsequently, 1.25 g of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes.
- PEI Polyethyleneimine
- PdCl 2 palladium chloride
- ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
- Example 4 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. Subsequently, 1.25 g of activated carbon is added and stirred for 25 minutes at room temperature. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, reprecipitate, suction filter and wash twice with methanol to obtain poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and palladium catalyst supported on activated carbon (PSiO-Pd / C) as powder .
- PdiO-Pd / C activated carbon
- Example 5 A 250 mg THF solution of polymethylene phenylene isocyanate (PMPP) (Sigma Aldrich, catalog number 406597) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. Subsequently, 1.25 g of magnesium oxide (MgO) is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PNCO-Pd / MgO) supported on polymethylenephenylene isocyanate and magnesium oxide as powder.
- PMPP polymethylene phenylene isocyanate
- Example 6 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and 5 mg of sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of silicon oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, re-precipitate, filter with suction and wash twice with methanol, powdered poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and silicon oxide supported palladium catalyst (PSiO-Pd / SiO 2 ) obtain.
- NaBH 4 sodium borohydride
- Example 7 A suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and 5 mg of sodium borohydride in THF is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) nitrate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of titanium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, re-precipitate, perform suction filtration and twice wash with methanol, and use palladium catalyst (PSiO-Pd / TiO 2 ) supported on poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and titanium oxide as powder obtain.
- palladium catalyst PSiO-Pd / TiO 2
- Example 8 A suspension of 250 mg of polyethyleneimine and 5 mg of sodium borohydride in THF is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of zirconium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PEI-Pd / ZrO 2 ) supported on polyethyleneimine and zirconium oxide as a powder.
- PI-Pd / ZrO 2 palladium catalyst supported on polyethyleneimine and zirconium oxide
- Example 9 A suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and 5 mg of sodium borohydride in THF is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of activated carbon is added and stirred for 25 minutes at room temperature. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, reprecipitate, suction filter and wash twice with methanol to obtain poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and palladium catalyst supported on activated carbon (PSiO-Pd / C) as powder .
- PdiO-Pd / C activated carbon
- Example 10 A THF suspension of 250 mg of polymethylene phenylene isocyanate and 5 mg of sodium borohydride is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of magnesium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PNCO-Pd / MgO) supported on polymethylenephenylene isocyanate and magnesium oxide as a powder.
- PNCO-Pd / MgO palladium catalyst
- Example 11 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and 16 mg of triethylsilane (Et 3 SiH) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of silicon oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, re-precipitate, filter with suction and wash twice with methanol, powdered poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and silicon oxide supported palladium catalyst (PSiO-Pd / SiO 2 ) obtain.
- Et 3 SiH triethylsilane
- Example 12 Prepare a THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and 16 mg of triethylsilane, add 6 mg of palladium nitrate (II), and stir at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of titanium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, re-precipitate, perform suction filtration and twice wash with methanol, and use palladium catalyst (PSiO-Pd / TiO 2 ) supported on poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and titanium oxide as powder obtain.
- palladium catalyst PSiO-Pd / TiO 2
- Example 13 Prepare a THF solution of 250 mg of polyethyleneimine and 16 mg of triethylsilane, add 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride, and stir at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of zirconium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PEI-Pd / ZrO 2 ) supported on polyethyleneimine and zirconium oxide as a powder.
- PI-Pd / ZrO 2 palladium catalyst supported on polyethyleneimine and zirconium oxide
- Example 14 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (PDMS) and 16 mg of triethylsilane is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of activated carbon is added and stirred for 25 minutes at room temperature. Add methanol, stir for another 5 minutes, reprecipitate, suction filter and wash twice with methanol to obtain poly (oxydimethylsilylene) and palladium catalyst supported on activated carbon (PSiO-Pd / C) as powder .
- PDMS poly (oxydimethylsilylene)
- II palladium chloride
- Example 15 A THF solution of 250 mg of polymethylene phenylene isocyanate and 16 mg of triethylsilane is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of magnesium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PNCO-Pd / MgO) supported on polymethylenephenylene isocyanate and magnesium oxide as a powder.
- PNCO-Pd / MgO palladium catalyst
- Example 16 A 250 mg THF solution of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene (PMHS) (Shin-Etsu Silicone, catalog number KF-99) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Then, 1.25 g of silicon oxide is added, and the mixture is stirred for 25 minutes at room temperature, methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol, and a palladium catalyst (PSiOH supported on silicon oxide) is added. -pd / SiO 2) to obtain as a powder.
- PMHS oxymethylhydrosilylene
- Example 17 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) nitrate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of titanium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSiOH-Pd / TiO 2 ) supported on titanium oxide as a powder.
- Example 18 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of zirconium oxide is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst supported on zirconium oxide (PSiOH-Pd / ZrO 2 ) as a powder.
- PSiOH-Pd / ZrO 2 palladium catalyst supported on zirconium oxide
- Example 19 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of activated carbon is added and stirred for 25 minutes at room temperature. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSiOH-Pd / C) supported on activated carbon as a powder.
- Example 20 A THF solution of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) is prepared, 6 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 1.25 g of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) is added and stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSiOH-Pd / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as a powder.
- alumina Al 2 O 3
- Example 21 Poly and (oxy-dimethylsilylene) (oxymethyl hydro silylene) 250 mg, toluene suspension of alumina 1.25g prepared, hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid hexahydrate (H 2 PtCl 6 ⁇ 6 ( H 2 O )) Add 6 mg and stir at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a platinum catalyst (PSiOH-Pt / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as a powder.
- platinum catalyst PSiOH-Pt / Al 2 O 3
- Example 22 A toluene suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene), 16 mg of triethylsilane and 1.25 g of silicon oxide is prepared, 6 mg of hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a platinum catalyst (PSiO-Pt / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as a powder.
- PSiO-Pt / SiO 2 platinum catalyst supported on silicon oxide as a powder.
- Example 23 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) and 1.25 g of alumina is prepared, 6 mg of nickel (II) chloride (NiCl 2 ) is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a nickel catalyst (PSiOH—Ni / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as powder.
- NiI nickel chloride
- Example 24 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene), 16 mg of triethylsilane, and 1.25 g of silicon oxide is prepared, 6 mg of nickel (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a nickel catalyst (PSiO—Ni / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as powder.
- nickel (II) chloride 6 mg of nickel (II) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours.
- Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a nickel catalyst (PSiO—Ni / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as powder.
- Example 25 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) and 1.25 g of alumina is prepared, 6 mg of ruthenium (III) chloride (RuCl 3 ) is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain ruthenium catalyst (PSiOH-Ru / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as powder.
- ruthenium (III) chloride RuCl 3
- Example 26 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene), 16 mg of triethylsilane and 1.25 g of silicon oxide is prepared, 6 mg of ruthenium (III) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a ruthenium catalyst (PSiO-Ru / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as a powder.
- ruthenium (PSiO-Ru / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as a powder.
- Example 27 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) and 1.25 g of alumina is prepared, 6 mg of rhodium (III) chloride (RhCl 3 ) is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol was added, and the mixture was further stirred for 5 hours, re-precipitated, filtered with suction and washed twice with methanol, and rhodium catalyst supported on poly (oxydimethylsilylene) (oxymethylhydrosilylene) and alumina (PSiOH-Rh / Al 2 O 3 ) is obtained as a powder.
- rhodium (III) chloride RhCl 3
- Example 28 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene), 16 mg of triethylsilane, and 1.25 g of silicon oxide is prepared, 6 mg of rhodium (III) chloride is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a rhodium catalyst (PSiO-Rh / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as a powder.
- rhodium (PSiO-Rh / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as a powder.
- Example 29 Poly (oxy-dimethylsilylene) and (oxymethyl hydro silylene) 250 mg, a THF suspension of alumina 1.25g prepared, tetrachloroauric (III) acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl 4 ⁇ 4 (H 2 O) ) Add 6mg and stir at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a gold catalyst (PSiOH—Au / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as a powder.
- a gold catalyst PSiOH—Au / Al 2 O 3
- Example 30 A THF suspension of 250 mg of poly (oxydimethylsilylene), 16 mg of triethylsilane, and 1.25 g of silicon oxide is prepared, 6 mg of tetrachloroauric (III) acid tetrahydrate is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a gold catalyst (PSiO-Au / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as powder.
- tetrachloroauric (III) acid tetrahydrate 6 mg
- Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 hours, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a gold catalyst (PSiO-Au / SiO 2 ) supported on silicon oxide as powder.
- Example 31 A chloroform solution of 20.0 mg of diphenylsilane and 13.0 mg of the chiral compound (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine is prepared, 10 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, 165 mg of alumina is added and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 10 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSiN-Pd / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as a gray powder.
- Pd palladium catalyst
- Example 32 A THF solution of 100 mg of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and 90 mg of (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine, which is a chiral amine, was prepared, 7 mg of palladium (II) acetate was added, and 0 ° C. For 30 minutes. Subsequently, 1.5 g of alumina is added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 10 minutes, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSiON-Pd / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as a gray powder.
- PhosiON-Pd / Al 2 O 3 palladium catalyst
- the catalyst contains at least two elements having higher electronegativity than hydrogen atoms, such as oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms. According to the measurement results of EDX, the composition ratios of aluminum atom, silicon atom, and palladium atom are 97.446, 2.030, and 0.134, respectively.
- Example 33 A THF solution of 20 mg of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and 20 mg of hydroquinone is prepared, 2 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes. Subsequently, 380 mg of alumina is added and stirred at room temperature for 35 minutes. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 10 minutes, reprecipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSiOQ-Pd / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as a gray powder. According to the measurement results of EDX, the composition ratios of aluminum atom, silicon atom, and palladium atom are 97.864, 1.634, and 0.163, respectively.
- Example 34 A THF solution of 50 mg of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and 44 mg of 1,6-hexanediol is prepared, 3 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. for 55 minutes. Subsequently, 380 mg of alumina is added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSSiOD-Pd / Al 2 O 3 ) supported on alumina as a gray powder.
- PPSSiOD-Pd / Al 2 O 3 palladium catalyst
- Example 35 A solution of 100 mg of polysilazane in THF is prepared, 34 mg of palladium (II) acetate is added, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours under reflux conditions. Methanol is added, and the mixture is further stirred for 5 minutes, re-precipitated, suction filtered and washed twice with methanol to obtain a palladium catalyst (PSiN-Pd) as a black powder.
- a palladium catalyst PSiN-Pd
- the reduction reaction proceeds even for nitrobenzene having a nitro group, and the corresponding reduced form amine is obtained in high yield.
- supported by the polymer which concerns on some aspects of this invention palladium is hardly detected from the filtrate which removed the palladium catalyst from the suspension after reaction.
- PSiOH—Pd / Al 2 O 3 it is not detected at all and has a high supporting force.
- Comparative Example 3 in which Pd / C not supported by a polymer is used, leakage of a considerable amount of palladium is confirmed.
- Example 55 As shown in Example 55, 1.5 mmol of 3,5-dimethoxyiodobenzene (D) and 3.0 mmol of 4-acetoxystyrene (E) were used in place of iodobenzene and acrylic acid, respectively. -3′-5′-Dimethoxystilbene (F) is obtained as a white solid.
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Abstract
Description
上記の触媒において、前記高分子の前記主鎖は炭素原子を含まないことが好ましい。
上記のいずれかの触媒において、前記第1の原子及び前記第2の原子のいずれも炭素原子ではないことが好ましい。
上記のいずれかの触媒において、前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であることが好ましい。
上記のいずれかの触媒において、前記第2の原子は酸素原子又は窒素原子でってもよい。
上記のいずれかの触媒において、前記金属は、パラジウム、白金、ルテニウム、ロジウム、銀、金、銅、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、クロム、マンガン、テクネチウム、オスミウム、モリブデン、タングステン、イリジウム、レ二ウム、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフ二ウム、タンタル、ニオブ及びバナジウムのいずれかであってもよい。
上記のいずれかの触媒において、前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であり、前記第1の置換基は水素原子のみからなる置換基、酸素原子を含む置換基及び炭素原子を含む置換基の少なくともいずれかであることが好ましい。
上記のいずれかに記載の触媒において、さらに無機部材又は有機部材を含むことが好ましい。
上記のいずれかに記載の触媒において、さらに、アルミナ又は酸化ケイ素を含むことが好ましい。
本発明に係るいくつかの態様の触媒の製造方法は、金属原子を含む第1の化合物及び複数の第1の構造単位と複数の第2の構造単位とを含む高分子を準備する第1の工程と、前記第1の化合物と前記高分子とを反応させる第2工程と、を含み、前記複数の第1の構造単位のうち少なくとも一つの第1の構造単位は、前記高分子の主鎖を構成する第1の原子と前記第1の原子に結合した第1の置換基を有し、前記複数の第2の構造単位の各々に含まれる第2の原子は、前記第1の原子と結合しており、前記第2の原子は前記第1の原子とは異なるか、又は、前記第2の原子上の全ての置換基のうち少なくとも一つの置換基は、前記第1の置換基とは異なっており、前記第2の工程において、前記第1の置換基と前記第1の化合物とが反応することを特徴とする。
上記のいずれかの触媒の製造方法において、前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であり、前記第1の置換基は水素原子であることが好ましい。
上記のいずれかの触媒の製造方法において、前記第2の原子の電気陰性度は、前記第1の原子より高いことが好ましい。
上記のいずれかの触媒の製造方法において、前記第2の工程において、前記金属原子は、前記ケイ素原子と前記水素原子との間に挿入することが好ましい。
本発明に係る化合物の製造する方法は、上記のいずれかの触媒を用いて、還元反応、酸化反応、ヒドロメタル化、炭素―炭素結合生成反応又は炭素―窒素結合生成反応を進行させることにより化合物を製造する方法。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の反応は、第1の溶媒中で行われる。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、第4の原子をさらに含む。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、上記第1の原子と上記第2の原子の間に第1の結合を有する。
上記方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、上記第1の原子と上記第4の原子の間に第2の結合を有する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第2の原子及び上記第4の原子の各々は、水素原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記の組成物の製造方法は、水素原子と、電気陰性度が水素原子より高い第5の原子と、の間に第3の結合を有する第3の化合物を準備する工程をさらに含む。 好ましくは、上記第1の反応は、上記第3の化合物の存在下で行われる。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の反応中に、上記第1の原子と上記第5の原子間に結合が形成される。上記結合の典型的な例は、酸素-ケイ素結合及び窒素-ケイ素結合である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第5の原子は、酸素原子及び窒素原子のいずれか一方である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、上記第1の原子と酸素原子との間に第4の結合を有する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、第6の原子をさらに含み、上記第6の原子は14族に属する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の原子と上記第6の原子は、同一の酸素原子に結合している。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の原子と上記第6の原子の両方は、ケイ素原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、複数の第7の原子をさらに含み、上記複数の第7の原子は、14族に属し、上記複数の第7の原子の内最も近い2つは、第8の原子に結合している。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第8の原子は酸素原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、シロキサン部位を有する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、ポリシロキサンである。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の反応中に水素分子が生成する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記水素分子は、上記第3の原子を還元する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、500又はそれより大きい平均分子量を有する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、1000又はそれより大きい平均分子量を有する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の反応後、上記第1の溶媒に第1の原料を加える工程を含む。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の部材は、上記第3の原子を担持可能である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子は、上記第3の原子が酸化又は還元された後、上記第1の部材によって担持される。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の部材は、少なくとも1つのケイ素-酸素結合とアルミニウム-酸素結合を有する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の部材は、アルミナ又は酸化ケイ素である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記の組成物の製造方法は、上記第3の原子を含むパーティクルの凝集が起こる。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記凝集は、第2の溶媒を加えることで起こる。
上記方法に関し、好ましくは、上記パーティクルの凝集は、上記第3の原子の酸化又は還元後により起こる。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記の組成物の製造方法は、上記第1の反応後、上記第1の溶媒に第1の部材を加える工程をさらに含む。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記パーティクルの凝集は、上記第1の部材を加えた後に起こる。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の化合物は、第9の原子と第10の原子との間の第5の結合をさらに含む。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第5の原子の元素は、上記第9の原子の元素と同一であり、上記第10の原子は水素原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記の組成物の製造方法は、酸化又は還元された上記第3の原子を担持するパーティクルを集める再沈殿工程をさらに含む。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子は、遷移金属原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子は、パラジウム、ルテニウム、白金及びロジウムのいずれか1つである。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、有機合成反応における触媒として機能し得る。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記有機合成反応は、水素化反応、炭素-炭素結合生成反応、及びヒドロシリル化反応のいずれか1つである。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.005以上である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.01以上である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.05以上である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.01以上である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記方法は、上記第1の化合物と、上記第1の化合物に関する第2の反応により生成する第5の化合物と、の少なくとも一方を取り除く工程をさらに含む。
本発明のいくつかの態様による組成物は、14族の第1の原子と、第2の原子と、金属である第3の原子と、を含む。好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.005以上である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.01以上である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.05以上であり。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子の上記第1の原子に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.01以上である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の原子は、ケイ素原子、ゲルマニウム原子、スズ原子及び鉛原子のいずれか1つである。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子は、遷移金属原子である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の原子は、パラジウム、ルテニウム、白金及びロジウムのいずれか1つである。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第2の原子は、窒素原子及び酸素原子のいずれか1つである。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の原子は、上記第2の原子に結合している。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、有機合成反応における触媒として機能し得る。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、第5の原子をさらに含む。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の原子の上記第5の原子に対する重量比は、1.0以下である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、第6の原子をさらに含む。好ましくは、上記第5の原子は、上記第6の原子に結合している。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第2の原子の元素は、上記第6の原子の元素と同一である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第2の原子は、酸素原子である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の原子は、14族の原子に結合していない。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の原子は、ケイ素原子である。
本発明のいくつかの態様による組成物は、第1の元素の複数の第1の原子と、上記第1の元素以外の第2の元素の複数の第2の原子と、第3の元素の複数の第3の原子と、を含む。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記複数の第1の原子は、互いに結合しておらず、上記複数の第1の原子の各々は、上記複数の第2の原子の1つの第2の原子に結合している。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の元素の上記第2の元素に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.01以上である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の元素の上記第1の元素に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.05以上である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の元素の上記第1の元素に対する上記組成物における重量比は、0.01以上である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、空気中で発火しない。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、上記第1の元素、上記第2の元素、上記第3の元素以外の第4の元素の複数の第4の原子をさらに含む。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、上記第1の元素及び上記第3の元素以外の第5の元素の複数の第5の原子をさらに含む。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記複数の第4の原子の各々は、上記複数の第5の原子のいずれか1つの第5の原子に結合している。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第2の元素及び上記第5の元素の各々は、酸素である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の元素の上記第4の元素に対する重量比は、1.0以下である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の元素の上記第4の元素に対する重量比は、0.5以下である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の元素の上記第4の元素に対する重量比は、0.1以下である。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の元素は、ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛のいずれか1つである。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第4の元素は、アルミニウムである。
上記組成物に関し、好ましくは、上記第3の元素は、遷移金属のいずれか1つである。
本発明のいくつかの態様による物質の製造方法は、上記組成物のいずれか1つ及び第1の物質を準備する工程と、上記組成物の存在下上記第1の物質を反応させる工程と、を含む。
上記の物質の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記反応は、還元反応、酸化反応、炭素-炭素結合生成反応、及びヒドロシリル化反応のいずれか1つである。
上記の物質の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記反応は、上記第1の物質が流れる中で行われる。
上記方法に関し、好ましくは、上記反応は、上記第1の物質が流路に固定された上記組成物を通過することにより行われる。
本発明のいくつかの態様による装置は、流路と、上記組成物のいずれか1つを含む。上記装置に関し、好ましくは、上記組成物は、上記流路を通過する物質が上記組成物と接触するように配置される。
上記装置に関し、好ましくは、上記流路は、カラムよって構成される。
本発明のいくつかの態様による組成物の製造方法は、14族である複数の第1の原子及び複数の第2の原子を含む第1の化合物と、金属である第3原子を含む第2の化合物とを準備する工程と、上記第1の化合物と上記第2の化合物を反応させる第1の反応を行う工程と、を含む。
上記方法に関し、好ましくは、上記複数の第1の原子の各々は、上記複数の第2の原子のいずれか1つに結合し、上記第1の反応中に上記第3の原子が酸化又は還元される。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記複数の第2の原子は、水素原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記複数の第1の原子は、ケイ素原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の化合物は、第4の原子と、上記第4の原子に結合した上記複数の第1の原子の2つと、を有する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第4の原子は、酸素原子である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記の組成物の製造方法は、水素と、電気陰性度が水素原子より高い第5の原子と、を有する第3の化合物をさらに含む。上記方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第1の反応は、上記第3の化合物の存在下行われる。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記第5の原子は、窒素原子及び酸素原子のいずれか一方である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記複数の第1の原子のいずれか1つの原子と上記第5の原子との間の結合は、上記第1の反応中に形成される。上記結合の典型的な例は、酸素-ケイ素結合及び窒素-ケイ素結合である。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、水素分子は、上記第1の反応中に生成する。
上記の組成物の製造方法に関し、好ましくは、上記水素分子は、上記第3の原子を還元する。
本発明のいくつかの態様により得られる高分子に担持された金属触媒は、触媒中心となる金属と、前記金属を担持する高分子とにより構成される。好ましくは、前記金属を担持する前記高分子は、さらに有機部材又は無機部材に担持される。
高分子としては、触媒中心となる金属を強く固定化する担持力に優れ、反応条件下でも安定な高分子であれば、特に種類に制限なく適用可能である。
(1)前記高分子の前記主鎖には炭素原子を含まない。
(2)前記第1の原子が酸素原子及び窒素原子以外の原子である。
(3)前記第1の原子はケイ素原子である。
(4)前記第2の原子は酸素原子又は窒素原子である。
(5)前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であり、前記第1の置換基は水素原子のみかなる置換基、及び酸素原子を含む置換基及び炭素原子を含む置換基の少なくともいずれかである。
(6)前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であり、前記第1の置換基は水素原子である。
(7)前記第2の原子の電気陰性度は、前記第1の原子より高い。
触媒中心となる金属は、目的とする反応に適用可能であれば、いずれの金属化合物でもよい。好ましくは、3族乃至13族の遷移金属元素を含む遷移金属化合物である。より好ましくは、パラジウム、白金、ルテニウム、ロジウム、銀、金、銅、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、クロム、マンガン、テクネチウム、オスミウム、モリブデン、タングステン、イリジウム、レニウム、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、バナジウム等を含む。
本発明のいくつかの態様により得られる高分子担持金属触媒は、触媒中心となる金属、前記金属を担持する高分子に加え、金属触媒が固定化された高分子を担持する無機部材又はポリスチレン樹脂やポリアクリル樹脂等の有機部材をさらに含んでもよい。
高分子に担持された金属触媒の製造方法は、上記金属原子化合物と上記高分子とを混合し、金属を高分子への担持させるための工程を含む。さらに無機部材又は有機部材と混合し、遷移金属を含む高分子を無機部材又は有機部材へさらに担持させる工程を含んでもよい。
金属化合物を高分子と混合し担持する工程においては、金属化合物と高分子化合物とを直接混練する方法か、溶媒とともに混合するする方法が考えられる。金属化合物を還元剤と反応させて金属の価数を下げて高分子に担持させる場合には、溶媒を用いて混合する方法が好ましい。
溶媒の種類は反応物をある程度溶解又は分散させることができるものであれば、自由に選択することができる。好ましくは、高分子を効率的に混合することができる有機溶媒が用いられる。また、還元剤を用いる場合には、好ましくは、反応性を考慮し非プロトン性の有機溶媒である。非プロトン性の有機溶媒としては、ジエチルエーテルやテトラヒドロフラン(THF)等のエーテル溶媒、ベンゼンやトルエン等の芳香族炭化水素、ジクロロメタンやクロロホルム等のハロゲン化炭化水素等が用いられる。好ましくは、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)やトルエン等が用いられる。
触媒の製造工程にておいて金属化合物を還元する場合には、使用する還元剤の種類は適宜選択可能であるが、例えば水素化アルミニウムリチウム、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウム、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、水素化トリフェニルスズ、水素化トリ-n-ブチルスズ等の金属水素錯化合物又は金属水素化物、トリクロロシラン、トリメチルシラン、トリエチルシラン、トリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン等のヒドロシラン類、ジボラン、アミンボラン錯体、アルキルボラン等のボラン誘導体、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類、ギ酸及び水素ガス等が還元剤として用いることができる。特に、コストや安全性、環境への影響等を考慮すると水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、トリエチルシラン、水素ガスが好ましい。なお、高分子としてポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)(PMHS)を用いる場合には、担体である高分子自体が還元剤として作用するため別途還元剤の添加が不要であり、より簡便な方法により触媒の調製が行える。
溶媒中で金属化合物、高分子を混合する場合、温度は沸点以下であり、凝固点以上であれば反応温度の設定に制限はない。ただし、金属化合物を還元する必要がある場合には、金属化合物に対する還元反応が問題なく進行する温度範囲で行う。この際、必要であれば別途還元剤を加え、また、高分子の調製を系中で行う場合には高分子の代わりに対応する1種以上のモノマーを適宜加える。本発明のいくつかの態様においては、遷移金属化合物に対する還元反応に高い温度は必要とせず、設備及びユーティリティコストの観点から、0℃から室温程度の温度範囲で行うのが好ましい。
高分子担持金属触媒を用い、環元反応、酸化反応、ヒドロメタル化、炭素-炭素結合生成反応又は炭素-窒素結合生成反応を行う場合、本発明のいくつかの態様において、反応が円滑に進行し高い収率で化合物を得ることができる。さらに、反応後には本発明のいくつかの態様に係る触媒は容易に回収可能であり、金属の漏出がないことが確認されている。すなわち、本発明のいくつかの態様に係る触媒は、高活性且つ繰返し利用が可能な長寿命の触媒である。
本発明のいくつかの態様によれば、本発明のいくつかの態様に係る高分子担持金属触媒を用いる場合には、種々の還元反応を提供することができる。金属水素錯化合物、金属水素化物、ヒドロシラン類、ボラン誘導体等を還元剤として使用可能である。好ましくは、取扱いが容易且つ安価であるアルコール類、ギ酸、水素ガス等が用いられる。より好ましくは、容易にスケールアップ可能で、大量合成が行える水素ガスが還元剤として用いられる。なお、図1にはフロー反応系における装置の概念図が示されいる。途切れることなく供給される反応基質と水素ガスが、流路に固定された本発明のいくつかの態様に係る高分子担持金属触媒を通過するように構成されるこの様な装置によれば、連続的に還元反応を行うことができる。
本発明のいくつかの態様によれば、本発明のいくつかの態様に係る高分子担持金属触媒を用いる場合には、種々の酸化反応を提供することができる。酸素ガス、過酸化物、超原子価ヨウ素酸等を酸化剤として使用可能である。
本発明のいくつかの態様によれば、本発明のいくつかの態様に係る高分子担持金属触媒を用いる場合には、種々の炭素-炭素結合生成反応を提供することができ、シクロプロパン化反応、エン反応、ペリ環状反応、アルドール反応、マイケル付加反応、細見・櫻井反応、クロスカップリング反応、メタセシス反応等の様々な反応に適用可能である。クロスカップリング反応の例としては、ヘック反応、薗頭カップリング反応、鈴木・宮浦カップリング反応、熊田カップリング反応、根岸カップリング反応、辻・トロスト反応、スティレカップリング反応等が挙げられる。
本発明のいくつかの態様によれば、本発明のいくつかの態様に係る高分子担持金属触媒を用いる場合には、種々の炭素-窒素結合生成反応を提供することができ、バックワルド・ハートウィグクロスカップリング反応、アミンのアリル化反応等の反応に適用可能である。
本発明のいくつかの態様によれば、本発明のいくつかの態様に係る高分子担持金属触媒を用いる場合には、種々のヒドロメタル化成反応を提供することができ、ヒドロホウ素化、ヒドロアルミニウム化、ヒドロジルコノ化、ヒドロスタニル化、ヒドロシリル化等の反応に適用可能である。
高分子(高分子を構成するモノマーでも良い)と、必要な場合は還元剤も溶媒と混合し、この混合溶液に対し遷移金属化合物を加え適切な温度で一定時間撹拌する。その後、無機部材(の懸濁液)を加えさらに撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらにしばらく撹拌することで、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、高分子担持金属触媒を粉末として得ることができる。表1に本発明のいくつかの態様に係る触媒の具体例を示し、それぞれの詳細を以下の実施例1~35に記す。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(PDMS)(信越シリコーン社、カタログ番号:KF-96)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)(Pd(OAc)2)6mgを加え水素ガス(H2)雰囲気下0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ケイ素(SiO2)1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノール(MeOH)を加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び酸化ケイ素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、硝酸パラジウム(II)(Pd(NO3)2)6mgを加え水素ガス雰囲気下0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化チタン(TiO2)1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び酸化チタンに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/TiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)(和光純薬、カタログ番号:167-1195)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)(PdCl2)6mgを加え水素ガス雰囲気下0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリエチレンイミン及び酸化ジルコニウムに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PEI‐Pd/ZrO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)6mgを加え水素ガス雰囲気下0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、活性炭素(Activated carbon)1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び活性炭素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/C)を粉末として得る。
ポリメチレンフェニレンイソシアナート(PMPP)(シグマアルドリッチ、カタログ番号406597)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え水素ガス雰囲気下0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化マグネシルム(MgO)1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリメチレンフェニレンイソシアナート及び酸化マグネシルムに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PNCO‐Pd/MgO)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(NaBH4)5mgのTHF懸濁液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ケイ素1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び酸化ケイ素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと水素化ホウ素ナトリウム5mgのTHF懸濁液を調製し、硝酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化チタン1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び酸化チタンに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/TiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリエチレンイミン250mgと水素化ホウ素ナトリウム5mgのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ジルコニウム1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリエチレンイミン及び酸化ジルコニウムに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PEI‐Pd/ZrO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと水素化ホウ素ナトリウム5mgのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、活性炭素1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び活性炭素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/C)を粉末として得る。
ポリメチレンフェニレンイソシアナート250mgと水素化ホウ素ナトリウム5mgのTHF懸濁液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化マグネシウム1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリメチレンフェニレンイソシアナート及び酸化マグネシウムに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PNCO‐Pd/MgO)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgとトリエチルシラン(Et3SiH)16mgのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ケイ素1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び酸化ケイ素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgとトリエチルシラン16mgのTHF溶液を調製し、硝酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化チタン1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び酸化チタンに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/TiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリエチレンイミン250mgとトリエチルシラン16mgのTHF溶液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ジルコニウム1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリエチレンイミン及び酸化ジルコニウムに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PEI‐Pd/ZrO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(PDMS)250mgとトリエチルシラン16mgのTHF溶液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、活性炭素1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)及び活性炭素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiO‐Pd/C)を粉末として得る。
ポリメチレンフェニレンイソシアナート250mgとトリエチルシラン16mgのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化マグネシウム1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリメチレンフェニレンイソシアナート及び酸化マグネシウムに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PNCO‐Pd/MgO)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン(PMHS)(信越シリコーン、カタログ番号KF-99)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ケイ素1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化ケイ素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiOH‐Pd/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、硝酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化チタン1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化チタンに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiOH‐Pd/TiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、酸化ジルコニウム1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化ジルコニウムに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiOH‐Pd/ZrO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、塩化パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、活性炭素1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、活性炭素に担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiOH‐Pd/C)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)6mgを加え0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、アルミナ(Al2O3)1.25gを加え、室温で25分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiOH‐Pd/Al2O3)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgと、アルミナ1.25gとのトルエン懸濁液を調製し、ヘキサクロロ白金(IV)酸六水和物(H2PtCl6・6(H2O))6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持された白金触媒(PSiOH‐Pt/Al2O3)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと、トリエチルシラン16mgと、酸化ケイ素1.25gとのトルエン懸濁液を調製し、ヘキサクロロ白金(IV)酸六水和物6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化ケイ素に担持された白金触媒(PSiO‐Pt/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgと、アルミナ1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化ニッケル(II)(NiCl2)6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持されたニッケル触媒(PSiOH‐Ni/Al2O3)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと、トリエチルシラン16mgと、酸化ケイ素1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化ニッケル(II)6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化ケイ素に担持されたニッケル触媒(PSiO‐Ni/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgと、アルミナ1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化ルテニウム(III)(RuCl3)6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持されたルテニウム触媒(PSiOH‐Ru/Al2O3)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと、トリエチルシラン16mgと、酸化ケイ素1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化ルテニウム(III)6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化ケイ素に担持されたルテニウム触媒(PSiO‐Ru/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgと、アルミナ1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化ロジウム(III)(RhCl3)6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)及びアルミナに担持されたロジウム触媒(PSiOH‐Rh/Al2O3)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと、トリエチルシラン16mgと、酸化ケイ素1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、塩化ロジウム(III)6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化ケイ素に担持されたロジウム触媒(PSiO‐Rh/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)(オキシメチルヒドロシリレン)250mgと、アルミナ1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、テトラクロロ金(III)酸四水和物(HAuCl4・4(H2O))6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持された金触媒(PSiOH‐Au/Al2O3)を粉末として得る。
ポリ(オキシジメチルシリレン)250mgと、トリエチルシラン16mgと、酸化ケイ素1.25gとのTHF懸濁液を調製し、テトラクロロ金(III)酸四水和物6mgを加え室温で14時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5時間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、酸化ケイ素に担持された金触媒(PSiO‐Au/SiO2)を粉末として得る。
ジフェニルシラン20.0mgと、キラル化合物である(R)-(+)-1-フェニルエチルアミン13.0mgとのクロロホルム溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)10mgを加え、室温で30分間撹拌する。続いて、アルミナ165mgを加え、室温で10分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに10分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiN‐Pd/Al2O3)を灰色粉末として得る。
1,1,3,3‐テトラメチルジシロキサン100mgと、キラルアミンである(R)-(+)-1-フェニルエチルアミン90mgとのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)7mgを加え、0℃で30分間撹拌する。続いて、アルミナ1.5gを加え、室温で1時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに10分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiON‐Pd/Al2O3)を灰色粉末として得る。上記触媒は、水素原子より電気陰性度の高い、例えば酸素原子や窒素原子のような元素を少なくとも2つ含む。EDXの測定結果によれば、アルミニウム原子とケイ素原子とパラジウム原子の組成比は各々、97.446、2.030、0.134である。
1,1,3,3‐テトラメチルジシロキサン20mgと、ハイドロキノン20mgとのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)2mgを加え、0℃で30分間撹拌する。続いて、アルミナ380mgを加え、室温で35分間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに10分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiOQ‐Pd/Al2O3)を灰色粉末として得る。EDXの測定結果によれば、アルミニウム原子とケイ素原子とパラジウム原子の組成比は各々、97.864、1.634、0.163である。
1,1,3,3‐テトラメチルジシロキサン50mgと、1,6‐ヘキサンジオール44mgとのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)3mgを加え、0℃で55分間撹拌する。続いて、アルミナ380mgを加え、室温で1時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、アルミナに担持されたパラジウム触媒(PSiOD‐Pd/Al2O3)を灰色粉末として得る。
ポリシラザン100mgのTHF溶液を調製し、酢酸パラジウム(II)34mgを加え、還流条件下で2時間撹拌する。メタノールを加えさらに5分間撹拌し、再沈殿させ、吸引ろ過及び二度のメタノール洗浄を行い、パラジウム触媒(PSiN‐Pd)を黒色粉末として得る。
合成されたいくつかの上記金属触媒を用いる場合、いくつかの化学反応においては、高い触媒活性を示す。また、反応終了後触媒の回収を行い、金属の漏出について調べると、いずれの触媒においても漏出はほとんどなく、高分子は高い保持力を有している。一部の触媒においては、用いた検出方法では全く金属の漏出が確認されず、極めて耐久性の高い触媒が得られる。
反応後の溶液をシリンジフィルタでろ過後、そのろ液をEDXにより測定し触媒の漏出を検出する。
基質1.0mmolのヘキサン溶液を調整し、パラジウム触媒10mgを加え懸濁液とし、1気圧の水素ガス雰囲気下室温で数時間撹拌する。その後、懸濁液からろ過によりパラジウム触媒を取り除く。続いて、ろ液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し対応する還元体を得る。実施例36~50及び比較例1~3の結果を表2に示す。(実施例46~50及び比較例3ではヘキサンに代わりTHFを溶媒として用いる。)
ジフェニルアセチレン1.0mmolのヘキサン溶液を調製し、白金触媒0.05mmolを加え懸濁液とし、1気圧の水素ガス雰囲気下室温で数時間撹拌する。その後、懸濁液からろ過により白金触媒を取り除く。続いて、ろ液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製することによりジフェニルアセチレンに対して2つの水素分子が付加した生成物であるビベンジルを得る。
(ヘック反応)
ヨードベンゼン(A)1.0mmol、アクリル酸(B)1.1mmol、トリエチルアミン(NEt3)1.5mmolのトルエン(PhMe)溶液を調整し、パラジウム触媒0.05mmolを加え、加熱還流条件下数時間撹拌する。その後、ジクロロメタンを加え、懸濁液からろ過によりパラジウム触媒を取り除いた。続いて、ろ液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し対応するカップリング体であるトランス―けい皮酸(C)を白色固体として得る。その結果を表3の実施例51~54に示す。
実施例55に示したようにヨードベンゼン及びアクリル酸の代わりに、それぞれ3,5-ジメトキシヨードベンゼン(D)1.5mmol及び4-アセトキシスチレン(E)3.0mmolを用い、トランス-4-アセトキシ-3'‐5'‐ジメトキシスチルベン(F)を白色固体として得る。
ヨードベンゼン(A)1.0mmol、フェニルアセチレン(G)1.5mmol、トリエチルアミン(NEt3)1.5mmolのジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)溶液を調整し、パラジウム触媒0.05mmol及びヨウ化銅(CuI)0.05mmolを加え、90℃の下数時間撹拌する。その後、懸濁液からろ過によりパラジウム触媒を取り除く。続いて、ろ液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し対応するカップリング体であるジフェニルアセチレン(H)を白色固体として得る。実施例56~59及び比較例5の結果を表3に示す。
ヨードベンゼン(A)1.0mmol、フェニルボロン酸(I)1.5mmol、リン酸ナトリウム(Na3PO4)3.0mmolの40%エタノール水溶液(EtOH‐H2O)を調整し、パラジウム触媒0.05mmolを加え、加熱還流条件下数時間撹拌する。その後、懸濁液からろ過によりパラジウム触媒を取り除く。続いて、ろ液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し対応するカップリング体であるビフェニル(J)を白色固体として得る。実施例60~63及び比較例6の結果を表3に示す。
1-デセン1.0mmolのDMA溶液を調製し、そこにPd触媒0.05mmol、塩化銅(II)二水和物(0.15mm)、少量のH2Oを加え懸濁液とし、1気圧の酸素ガス雰囲気下80℃で数時間撹拌する。その後、懸濁液からろ過により触媒を取り除く。続いて、ろ液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し酸化生成物である2-デカノンを得る。
ジフェニルアセチレン1.0mmolとトリエトキシシラン1.5mmolのヘキサン溶液を調製し白金触媒0.05mmolを加え、60℃の下数時間撹拌する。その後、懸濁液からろ過により白金触媒を取り除く。続いて、ろ液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製しヒドロシリル化生成物を得る。
Claims (14)
- 複数の第1の構造単位と複数の第2の構造単位とを含む高分子と、
触媒中心となる金属と、を含み、
前記金属の少なくとも一部は、前記高分子に覆われており、
前記複数の第1の構造単位の各々は、前記高分子の主鎖を構成する第1の原子と前記第1の原子に結合した第1の置換基を有し、
前記複数の第2の構造単位の各々に含まれる第2の原子は、前記第1の原子と結合しており、
前記第2の原子は前記第1の原子とは異なるか、又は、前記第2の原子上の全ての置換基のうち少なくとも一つの置換基は、前記第1の置換基とは異なっていること、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1に記載の触媒において、
前記高分子の前記主鎖は炭素原子を含まないこと、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の触媒において、前記第1の原子及び前記第2の原子のいずれも炭素原子ではないこと、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の触媒において、
前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であること、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかの記載の触媒において、
前記第2の原子は酸素原子又は窒素原子であること、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の触媒において、
前記金属は、パラジウム、白金、ルテニウム、ロジウム、銀、金、銅、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、クロム、マンガン、テクネチウム、オスミウム、モリブデン、タングステン、イリジウム、レ二ウム、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフ二ウム、タンタル、ニオブ及びバナジウムのいずれかであること、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の触媒において、
前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であり、
前記第1の置換基は水素原子のみからなる置換基、酸素原子を含む置換基及び炭素原子を含む置換基の少なくともいずれかであること、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の触媒において、
さらに、無機部材又は有機部材を含むこと、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の触媒において、
さらに、アルミナ又は酸化ケイ素を含むこと、
を特徴とする触媒。 - 金属原子を含む第1の化合物及び複数の第1の構造単位と複数の第2の構造単位とを含む高分子を準備する第1の工程と、
前記第1の化合物と前記高分子とを反応させる第2工程と、を含み、
前記複数の第1の構造単位のうち少なくとも一つの第1の構造単位は、前記高分子の主鎖を構成する第1の原子と前記第1の原子に結合した第1の置換基を有し、
前記複数の第2の構造単位の各々に含まれる第2の原子は、前記第1の原子と結合しており、
前記第2の原子は前記第1の原子とは異なるか、又は、前記第2の原子上の全ての置換基のうち少なくとも一つの置換基は、前記第1の置換基とは異なっており、
前記第2の工程において、前記第1の置換基と前記第1の化合物とが反応すること、
を特徴とする触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項10に記載の触媒の製造方法において、
前記第1の原子はケイ素原子であり、
前記第1の置換基は水素原子であること、
を特徴とする触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項10又は11に記載の触媒の製造方法において、
前記第2の原子の電気陰性度は、前記第1の原子より高いこと、
を特徴とする触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項11に記載の触媒の製造方法において、
前記第2の工程において、前記金属原子は、前記ケイ素原子と前記水素原子との間に挿入すること、
を特徴とする触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の触媒を用いて、還元反応、酸化反応、ヒドロメタル化、炭素―炭素結合生成反応又は炭素―窒素結合生成反応を進行させることにより化合物を製造する方法。
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JP2019099490A (ja) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-24 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ヒドロシランの製造方法 |
WO2022154114A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 遷移金属錯体-ケイ素複合体および触媒 |
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