WO2016006181A1 - 光スイッチングデバイス及び建材 - Google Patents
光スイッチングデバイス及び建材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016006181A1 WO2016006181A1 PCT/JP2015/003154 JP2015003154W WO2016006181A1 WO 2016006181 A1 WO2016006181 A1 WO 2016006181A1 JP 2015003154 W JP2015003154 W JP 2015003154W WO 2016006181 A1 WO2016006181 A1 WO 2016006181A1
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- light
- state
- optical
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- switching device
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
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- H10K50/828—Transparent cathodes, e.g. comprising thin metal layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
Definitions
- An invention of an optical switching device and a building material is disclosed. More specifically, an optical switching device and a building material that can change the degree of optical transparency with electric power are disclosed.
- the member whose light transmittance changes due to electricity have attracted attention.
- the member whose light transmittance changes can be used for building materials such as windows.
- a transparent organic EL element light transmittance changes between a light emitting state and a non-light emitting state.
- An organic EL element whose optical characteristics change is exemplified in Patent Document 1, for example.
- Patent Document 1 an optical layer that changes the traveling direction of light is provided to change the optical characteristics of the organic EL element.
- the optical characteristics are expected to be further improved by variation of the change between the transparent state and the non-transparent state.
- An object of the invention disclosed below is to provide an optical switching device and a building material excellent in optical characteristics.
- One aspect of the optical switching device of the present disclosure is planar, and includes a plurality of optical variable units that can change the degree of optical transparency by power, and a plurality of power supply terminals that supply power to the optical variable units.
- the plurality of optically variable portions are arranged in the thickness direction.
- Each of the plurality of optical variable parts has a pair of electrodes.
- each of the pair of electrodes is connected to the plurality of power supply terminals.
- the plurality of power supply terminals supply power in which at least one of current and voltage is controlled in a plurality of stages.
- One aspect of the building material of the present disclosure includes the above-described optical switching device and wiring.
- the optical switching device of the present disclosure has excellent optical characteristics because it has an electrode connected to a plurality of power supply terminals, so that the optical state can be changed in a distributed manner in the plane. Since the building material of the present disclosure includes the optical switching device, it has excellent optical characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical switching device.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical switching device.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical switching device.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic plan view showing an example of an electrode.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic perspective view showing a pair of electrodes.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic graph showing the relationship between the drive voltage and the light transmittance in the optical variable unit.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic plan view of the optical variable unit.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an example of how the optical state of the optical switching device changes in the plane. 6A shows an opaque state, FIG.
- FIG. 6B shows a non-uniform optical state
- FIG. 6C shows a transparent state
- FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of an example of a pair of electrodes. 7A shows one electrode of the pair of electrodes, and B of FIG. 7 shows the other electrode of the pair of electrodes.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of an example of a pair of electrodes. 8A shows one electrode of the pair of electrodes, FIG. 8B shows the other electrode of the pair of electrodes, and FIG. 8C shows a sectional view of a part of the electrodes. Show.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of an example of a pair of electrodes. 9A shows one of the pair of electrodes, FIG. 9B shows the other of the pair of electrodes, and FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of a state in which the optical state of the optical switching device changes in the plane.
- 10A shows a transparent state
- FIG. 10B shows a non-uniform optical state (pattern formation state)
- FIG. 10C shows an opaque state.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a function state of a plurality of optical variable units of the optical switching device. 11A shows a state in which light scattering is functioning, B in FIG. 11 shows a state in which light is emitted, C in FIG. 11 shows a state in which light reflectivity is functioning, 11D shows a state in which the light absorptivity is functioning, E in FIG.
- 11 shows a state in which the light scattering property is functioning and emitting light
- F in FIG. 11 shows the light scattering property and light
- 11 shows a state in which the reflectivity is functioning
- G in FIG. 11 indicates a state in which the light scattering property and the light absorption property are functioning
- H in FIG. 11 indicates that the light reflectivity functions and emits light
- 11 indicates a state in which light absorption functions and emits light
- J in FIG. 11 indicates a state in which light reflectivity and light absorption function
- in FIG. K represents a state in which light scattering and light reflection function and emit light
- FIG. 11 represents a state in which light scattering and light absorption functions and emits light; M in 11 indicates a state in which light scattering, light reflection and light absorption function, N in FIG. 11 indicates a state in which light reflection and light absorption function and emit light, P in FIG. 11 indicates a state in which light scattering, light reflection and light absorption function and emit light, and Q in FIG. 11 indicates that all of light scattering, light reflection and light absorption functions. It indicates that no light is emitted.
- FIG. 12 is an example of a building material provided with an optical switching device.
- FIG. 1 is an example of an optical switching device 100.
- FIG. 2 is another example of the optical switching device 100.
- FIG. 3 is still another example of the optical switching device 100.
- FIG. 4 is an example of the electrode 5 of the optical switching device 100.
- the optical switching device 100 includes a plurality of optical variable units 1.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 includes a first optical variable unit 1A and a second optical variable unit 1B.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 includes a first optical variable unit 1A, a second optical variable unit 1B, and a third optical variable unit 1C.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 includes a first optical variable unit 1A, a second optical variable unit 1B, a third optical variable unit 1C, and a fourth optical variable unit 1D.
- the optical variable unit 1 is planar.
- the optical variable unit 1 can change the degree of optical transparency by electric power.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 are arranged in the thickness direction. The presence of the plurality of optical variable units 1 improves the optical characteristics.
- the thickness direction is the thickness direction of the optical switching device 100. 1 to 3, the thickness direction is indicated by an arrow DT.
- the thickness direction may be a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 6. 1 to 3, it can be considered that each layer of the optical switching device 100 extends in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.
- the “plan view” means a case when viewed along a direction (thickness direction DT) perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 6.
- Each of the plurality of optical variable units 1 has a pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 are two electrodes that are electrically paired.
- the optical switching device 100 includes a plurality of power supply terminals 3 that supply power to the optical variable unit 1.
- at least one of the plurality of optical variable units 1 has a pair of electrodes 5 and 5 connected to the plurality of power supply terminals 3.
- FIG. 4A shows a state where a plurality of power supply terminals 3 are connected to one electrode 5.
- the number of the electrodes 5 is two, and these can constitute a pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 can constitute a pair of electrodes 5 and 5 of an arbitrary optical variable unit 1.
- the plurality of power supply terminals 3 supply power in which at least one of current and voltage is controlled in a plurality of stages. Therefore, the optical state can be partially controlled in the plane. For example, the optical state of a certain part in the surface can be increased, and the optical state of another part in the surface can be decreased. Furthermore, depending on the case, a pattern can be formed in a portion having a high optical state or a portion having a low optical state. Therefore, the optical characteristics of the optical switching device 100 are improved.
- the optical state means any one of transparency, light emitting property, light scattering property, light reflecting property, and light absorbing property.
- the optical switching device 100 is planar.
- the optical switching device 100 may have a panel shape.
- the optical switching device 100 switches the state of light.
- the optical switching device 100 has a first surface F1 and a second surface F2 disposed on the side opposite to the first surface F1.
- the first surface F1 and the second surface F2 are outer surfaces. These surfaces may be exposed. Alternatively, the first surface F1 and the second surface F2 may be covered with another transparent planar member.
- the surface of the optical switching device 100 includes a flat surface and a curved surface.
- the surface may be composed of only a flat surface.
- the surface may be comprised only by the curved surface.
- the surface can be arcuate.
- the surface may include both a flat surface and a curved surface.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are examples of the optical switching device 100, and the mode of the optical switching device is not limited to this.
- the optical switching device 100 and the components therein are schematically illustrated, and their actual dimensional relationships and the like may be different from those in the drawings.
- the configurations given the same reference numerals indicate the same configurations, and the descriptions given regarding the configurations of the reference numbers are applicable in common.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 are supported by a plurality of substrates 6.
- the optical variable unit 1 is disposed between the pair of substrates 6. Thereby, the optical variable part 1 is protected.
- the optical variable unit 1 can be easily manufactured and stabilized by being supported by the substrate 6.
- the plurality of substrates 6 are labeled with a substrate 6a, a substrate 6b, a substrate 6c, a substrate 6d, and a substrate 6e in order from the first surface F1 side for convenience.
- the optical switching device 100 may have a plurality of substrates 6.
- the plurality of substrates 6 are light transmissive. Thereby, the optical switching device 100 with high optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the substrate 6 can function as a substrate for supporting each layer of the optical switching device 100.
- the substrate 6 can function as a substrate for sealing each layer of the optical switching device 100.
- the plurality of substrates 6 are arranged in the thickness direction.
- the optical switching device 100 is preferably a device in which a plurality of optical variable sections 1 are disposed between two substrates 6 disposed on the outside of the plurality of substrates 6. Thereby, the plurality of optically variable portions 1 can be protected by the substrate 6.
- the substrate 6 a glass substrate, a resin substrate, or the like can be used.
- the substrate 6 since the glass has high transparency, the optical switching device 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained. Further, since glass has low moisture permeability, moisture can be prevented from entering the sealed region. Since glass can have ultraviolet absorptivity, deterioration of the device can be suppressed. Examples of the glass include soda glass, non-alkali glass, and high refractive index glass. Thin film glass can be used as the substrate 6. In that case, in addition to high transparency and high moisture resistance, a flexible optical switching device 100 can be obtained.
- the resin substrate may be in the form of a film.
- the resin include PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PEN (polyethylene naphthalate).
- the two substrates 6 arranged on the outside may be glass substrates.
- the optical switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- All of the plurality of substrates 6 may be glass substrates. In that case, optical conditions can be easily controlled, and optical characteristics can be enhanced.
- Any one or more of the inner substrates 6 may be a resin substrate. In that case, the scattering at the time of destruction can be suppressed and the safe optical switching device 100 can be obtained.
- the surface of the substrate 6 may be covered with any one or more of an antifouling material, an ultraviolet blocking material, an ultraviolet absorbing material, and a moisture proof material. In that case, the protection is enhanced.
- the electrode 5 can be composed of a transparent conductive layer.
- a transparent metal oxide As a material for the transparent conductive layer, a transparent metal oxide, a conductive particle-containing resin, a metal thin film, or the like can be used.
- the electrode 5 may be made of a conductive material that is optimized at each location.
- transparent metal oxides such as ITO and IZO are exemplified.
- the electrode 5 made of a transparent metal oxide is preferably used for the electrode 5 of the optical variable unit 1.
- the electrode 5 may be a layer containing silver nanowires or a transparent metal layer such as thin film silver.
- the electrode 5 may be a laminate of a transparent metal oxide layer and a metal layer.
- the electrode 5 may be one in which a wiring for electrically assisting the transparent conductive layer is provided.
- the electrode 5 may have a heat shielding effect. Thereby, heat insulation can be improved.
- a moisture-proof layer may be formed between the substrate 6 and the electrode 5. Since moisture permeation into the optical switching device 100 is suppressed by the moisture-proof layer, deterioration of the optical switching device 100 can be suppressed.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 are two electrodes 5 that are electrically paired. One of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 forms an anode, and the other forms a cathode. One of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 is disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the other is disposed on the second surface F2 side.
- the plurality of electrodes 5 may be configured to be electrically connected to a power source.
- the optical switching device 100 may have an electrode pad, an electrical connection part that electrically collects the electrode pad, and the like for connection to a power source.
- the electrical connection part may be constituted by a plug or the like.
- the plurality of electrodes 5 are, in order from the first surface F1, the electrode 5a, the electrode 5b, the electrode 5c, the electrode 5d, the electrode 5e, the electrode 5f, the electrode 5g, and the electrode 5h. It is attached.
- the optical variable unit 1 has an optical variable layer 2.
- the optical variable layer 2 is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the optical variable layer 2 is supplied with electric power through the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, and the degree of optical transparency changes.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 function as electrodes for driving the optical variable layer 2.
- the optical variable layer 2 in the first optical variable portion 1A is defined as the first optical variable layer 2A.
- the second optical variable layer 2B, the third optical variable layer 2C, and the fourth optical variable layer 2D are defined as the optical variable layers 2 in the second to fourth optical variable portions 1B to 1D, respectively.
- the plurality of optical variable parts 1 are configured by a surface light emitting part, a light scattering variable part, a light reflection variable part, and a light absorption variable part.
- the planar light emitting unit may be configured by an element that emits light in a planar shape when power is supplied.
- the light scattering variable unit may be configured by an element whose degree of light scattering can be changed by electric power.
- the light reflection variable unit may be configured of an element whose degree of light reflectivity can be changed by electric power.
- the light absorption variable part may be configured by an element whose degree of light absorption can be changed by electric power.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include a planar light emitting unit.
- the planar light emitting unit can emit light in a planar shape.
- the planar light emitting unit may be an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element). Thereby, light emission of a thin and large area can be obtained.
- the planar light emitting part may be transparent.
- the optical variable layer 2 can be composed of an organic light emitting layer.
- the organic EL element is an element having a configuration in which an organic light emitting layer is disposed between a pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the optical switching device 100 can perform surface light emission.
- the organic light emitting layer is light transmissive. Therefore, at the time of light emission, the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer can be emitted to both sides in the thickness direction. Further, when no light is emitted, light can be transmitted from one side to the other side.
- the organic light emitting layer is a layer having a function of causing light emission, and includes a plurality of functional layers appropriately selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting material-containing layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an intermediate layer, and the like. Can be done. Of course, the organic light emitting layer may be composed of a single layer of the light emitting material containing layer. In the organic EL element, by causing electricity to flow between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, holes and electrons are combined in the light emitting material-containing layer to generate light emission.
- an organic EL element has a single direction of current. Therefore, a DC power source can be connected. Of course, direct current converted from alternating current may be used. Stable light emission can be obtained with a DC power supply.
- the light emission color of the organic EL element may be white, blue, green, or red. Of course, it may be an intermediate color between blue and green or green and red. Further, the color may be adjusted by the applied current.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include a light scattering variable unit.
- the light scattering variable portion is configured to be able to change the degree of light scattering.
- the fact that the degree of light scattering can be changed may mean that the high scattering state and the low scattering state can be adjusted.
- the fact that the degree of the light scattering property can be changed may mean that the state having the light scattering property and the state having no light scattering property can be adjusted. If the degree of light scattering is adjustable, the optical state can be changed, and the optical switching device 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light scattering variable portion may be formed in a layer shape.
- the high scattering state is a state where the light scattering property is high.
- the high scattering state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface changes its traveling direction into various directions due to scattering and is dispersed and emitted to the other surface.
- the high scattering state may be a state in which an object appears blurry when an object existing from one surface side to the other surface side is viewed.
- the highly scattering state can be a translucent state. When the light scattering variable portion exhibits light scattering properties, the light scattering variable portion functions as a scattering layer that scatters light.
- the low scattering state is a state where light scattering property is low or light scattering property is not present.
- the low scattering state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface is emitted to the other surface while maintaining the traveling direction as it is.
- the low scattering state may be a state where an object can be clearly visually recognized when an object existing on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side.
- the low scattering state can be a transparent state.
- the light scattering variable part has a high scattering state with a high light scattering property, a low scattering state with a low light scattering property or no light scattering property, and a state that exhibits a light scattering property between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. It is good to be constituted so that it can have.
- the ability to exhibit light scattering properties between the high scattering state and the low scattering state can impart moderate light scattering properties, so that the optical state can be varied highly and optically. The characteristics can be further improved.
- a state that exhibits light scattering between the high scattering state and the low scattering state is referred to as a medium scattering state.
- the medium scattering state may have at least one scattering state between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. For example, if the light scattering property can be changed by switching between three states of a high scattering state, a medium scattering state, and a low scattering state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is a preferable aspect that the medium scattering state has a plurality of states in which the degree of scattering is in a plurality of stages between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. Thereby, since the degree of scattering is in a plurality of stages, the optical characteristics can be further improved.
- the light scattering property can be changed in a stepwise manner by switching a plurality of states of a high scattering state, a plurality of medium scattering states, and a low scattering state
- the medium scattering state is configured to continuously change from the high scattering state to the low scattering state between the high scattering state and the low scattering state.
- the optical state can be changed with high variation, and the optical characteristics can be further improved.
- the light scattering property can be changed between a high scattering state and a low scattering state so as to exhibit the desired light scattering property, an intermediate state can be created, so that the optical characteristics are improved.
- the light scattering variable unit may be configured to maintain the medium scattering state.
- the medium scattering state may have a light scattering distribution in the plane. In that case, it is possible to form a pattern (pattern) between a place with high light scattering property and a place with low light scattering property.
- the light scattering variable part may scatter at least a part of visible light. It is preferable that the light scattering variable part is one that scatters all visible light. Of course, the light scattering variable part may scatter infrared rays or scatter ultraviolet rays.
- the optical variable layer 2 can be composed of a light scattering variable layer.
- the light scattering variable layer is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, the degree of light scattering in the light scattering variable layer changes.
- the light scattering variable unit can be connected to an AC power source.
- AC power source There are many materials whose light scattering property changes due to an electric field, and it becomes impossible to maintain the light scattering state at the time of voltage application as time passes from the start of voltage application.
- a voltage can be applied alternately in both directions, and a voltage can be applied substantially continuously by changing the direction of the voltage. Therefore, stable light scattering can be obtained by an AC power source.
- the AC waveform may be a rectangular wave. Thereby, the amount of voltage to be applied is likely to be constant, so that it becomes possible to stabilize the light scattering property.
- the alternating current may be a pulse. Note that the intermediate scattering state can be formed by controlling the amount of voltage applied.
- the material for the light scattering variable layer a material whose molecular orientation is changed by electric field modulation can be used.
- a liquid crystal material etc. are mentioned.
- polymer dispersed liquid crystal may be used. In the polymer dispersed liquid crystal, since the liquid crystal is held by the polymer, a stable light scattering variable layer can be formed.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal is called PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal).
- a material for the light scattering variable layer a solid substance whose scattering property is changed by an electric field is also preferably used.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal may be composed of a resin portion and a liquid crystal portion.
- the resin part is formed of a polymer.
- the resin portion is preferably light transmissive. Thereby, the light scattering variable portion can be made light transmissive.
- the resin portion can be formed of a thermosetting resin, an ultraviolet curable resin, or the like.
- the liquid crystal part is a part where the liquid crystal structure is changed by an electric field. A nematic liquid crystal or the like is used for the liquid crystal part.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is a preferred embodiment having a structure in which the liquid crystal portion is present in a dot shape in the resin portion.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal may have a sea-island structure in which the resin portion forms the sea and the liquid crystal portion forms the island.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is a preferable embodiment in which the liquid crystal part is irregularly connected in a mesh shape in the resin part.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal may have a structure in which the resin part is present in a dot shape in the liquid crystal part, or in which the resin part is irregularly connected in a mesh shape in the liquid crystal part.
- the light scattering variable portion is preferably in a light scattering state when no voltage is applied and in a light transmission state when a voltage is applied.
- Such control can be performed in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal. This is because the alignment of liquid crystals can be made uniform by applying a voltage.
- the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal it is possible to form a light scattering variable portion that is thin and has high light scattering properties.
- the light scattering variable portion may be in a light transmitting state when no voltage is applied and in a light scattering state when a voltage is applied.
- the light scattering variable layer is preferably one that maintains the light scattering state when a voltage is applied. Thereby, power efficiency increases.
- the property of maintaining the light scattering state is called hysteresis.
- the time during which the light scattering state is maintained is preferably long, for example, 1 hour or longer.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include a light reflection variable unit.
- the light reflection variable portion is configured so that the degree of light reflectivity can be changed. That the degree of light reflectivity is variable may be that the high reflection state and the low reflection state can be adjusted. Alternatively, the fact that the degree of light reflectivity can be changed may mean that a state having light reflectivity and a state having no light reflectivity can be adjusted. If the degree of light reflectivity is adjustable, the optical state can be changed, and the optical switching device 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light reflection variable part may be formed in layers.
- the high reflection state is a state with high light reflectivity.
- the high reflection state is, for example, a state in which light incident on one surface is changed to the opposite direction due to reflection and is emitted to the incident side.
- the highly reflective state may be a state in which an object existing on one surface side from the other surface side cannot be visually recognized.
- the high reflection state may be a state where an object existing on the same surface side is visually recognized when the light reflection variable portion is viewed from one surface side.
- the highly reflective state can be a mirror state. When the light reflection variable part exhibits light reflectivity, the light reflection variable part functions as a reflection layer that reflects light.
- the low reflection state is a state where light reflectivity is low or no light reflectivity.
- the low reflection state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface is emitted to the other surface while maintaining the traveling direction as it is.
- the low reflection state may be a state in which an object can be clearly visually recognized when an object existing on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side.
- the low reflection state can be a transparent state.
- the light reflection variable portion is a state in which a high reflection state with a high light reflectivity, a low reflection state with a low light reflection property or no light reflection property, and a light reflection property between the high reflection state and the low reflection state. It is good to be constituted so that it can have. The ability to exhibit light reflectivity between the high reflection state and the low reflection state can provide moderate light reflectivity, so that the optical state can be varied highly and optically. The characteristics can be further improved.
- a state that exhibits light reflectivity between the high reflection state and the low reflection state is referred to as a medium reflection state.
- the intermediate reflection state may have at least one reflection state between the high reflection state and the low reflection state.
- the optical characteristics are improved.
- the intermediate reflection state has a plurality of states in which the degree of reflectivity is in a plurality of stages between the high reflection state and the low reflection state. Thereby, since the degree of reflectivity is in a plurality of stages, the optical characteristics can be further improved. For example, if the light reflectivity can be changed stepwise by switching between a plurality of states of a high reflection state, a plurality of medium reflection states, and a low reflection state, the optical characteristics are improved.
- the intermediate reflection state is configured to continuously change from the high reflection state to the low reflection state between the high reflection state and the low reflection state.
- the optical state can be changed with high variations, and the optical characteristics can be further improved.
- the light reflection variable unit may be configured to maintain the medium reflection state.
- the intermediate reflection state may have a distribution of light reflectivity within the surface. In that case, it becomes possible to form a pattern (pattern) between a place with high light reflectivity and a place with low light reflectivity.
- the light reflection variable part may reflect at least a part of visible light.
- the light reflection variable unit may reflect all visible light.
- the light reflection variable unit may reflect infrared rays.
- the light reflection variable unit may reflect ultraviolet rays.
- the light reflection variable portion is configured to be able to change the shape of the reflection spectrum.
- the change in the reflection spectrum may be performed in the middle reflection state.
- the change in the shape of the reflection spectrum means that the spectrum shape of the light incident on the light reflection variable portion and the light reflected by the light reflection variable portion are different.
- the reflection spectrum is changed by changing the reflection wavelength.
- the shape of the reflection spectrum changes by strongly reflecting only blue light, strongly reflecting only green light, or strongly reflecting only red light.
- toning color adjustment
- the light reflection variable section is preferably configured so as to be able to reflect light without changing the shape of the reflection spectrum. In that case, since there is no change in the spectrum between the incident light and the reflected light, it is possible to easily give strength to the degree of reflection. When it becomes possible to control the intensity of the reflectivity, light control (brightness adjustment) can be performed, and optical characteristics can be improved.
- the optical variable layer 2 can be composed of a light reflection variable layer.
- the light reflection variable layer is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, the degree of light reflectivity in the light reflection variable layer changes.
- the light reflection variable section can be connected to an AC power source.
- AC power source There are many materials whose light reflectivity changes due to an electric field, and the light reflectivity state at the time of voltage application cannot be maintained over time from the start of voltage application.
- a voltage can be applied alternately in both directions, and a voltage can be applied substantially continuously by changing the direction of the voltage. Therefore, stable light reflectivity can be obtained by the AC power supply.
- the AC waveform may be a rectangular wave. As a result, the amount of voltage to be applied is likely to be constant, so that the light reflectivity can be more stabilized.
- the alternating current may be a pulse.
- the intermediate reflection state can be formed by controlling the voltage application amount.
- a material whose molecular orientation is changed by electric field modulation can be used.
- Examples thereof include nematic liquid crystal, cholesteric liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, and electrochromic.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal may be a nematic liquid crystal having a spiral structure.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal may be a chiral nematic liquid crystal.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal is referred to as CLC (Cholistic Liquid Crystal).
- CLC Chemical Liquid Crystal
- electrochromic a color change phenomenon of a substance due to an electrochemical reversible reaction (electrolytic oxidation-reduction reaction) by applying a voltage can be used, and it is possible to control between light reflectivity and light transmissivity.
- electrochromic a color change phenomenon of a substance due to an electrochemical reversible reaction (electrolytic oxidation-reduction reaction) by applying a voltage can be used, and it is possible to control between light reflectivity and light transmissivity.
- cholesteric liquid crystal or electrochromic can be preferably used as cholesteric liquid crystal or electrochromic.
- the light reflection variable portion is preferably in a light reflecting state when no voltage is applied and in a light transmitting state when a voltage is applied.
- cholesteric liquid crystal and electrochromic such control can be performed. This is because the alignment of liquid crystals can be made uniform by applying a voltage.
- cholesteric liquid crystal or electrochromic a thin and highly reflective light reflection variable portion can be formed. A state in which only specific light is reflected without applying a voltage is referred to as planar alignment, and a state in which light is applied by applying a voltage is sometimes referred to as focal conic alignment.
- the light reflection variable portion may be in a light transmission state when no voltage is applied and in a light reflection state when a voltage is applied.
- the light reflection variable layer is preferably one that maintains a light reflection state when a voltage is applied. Thereby, power efficiency increases.
- the property that the light reflection state is maintained is called hysteresis.
- the time during which the light reflection state is maintained is preferably long, for example, 1 hour or longer.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include a light absorption variable unit.
- the light absorption variable portion is configured so that the degree of light absorption can be changed.
- the fact that the degree of light absorption can be changed may mean that the high absorption state and the low absorption state can be adjusted.
- the fact that the degree of light absorptivity can be changed may mean that a state having light absorptivity and a state having no light absorptivity can be adjusted. If the degree of light absorption is adjustable, the optical state can be changed, and the optical switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light absorption variable part may be formed in layers.
- High absorption state is a state with high light absorption.
- the high absorption state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface does not exit to the other surface due to absorption.
- the high absorption state may be a state in which an object existing on one surface side from the other surface side cannot be visually recognized.
- the high absorption state may be a state where an object existing on the other surface side from both sides cannot be visually recognized.
- the superabsorbent state can be an opaque state.
- the light absorption variable portion can be black. When the light absorption variable portion exhibits light absorption, the light absorption variable portion functions as an absorption layer that absorbs light.
- the low absorption state is a state where the light absorption is low or there is no light absorption.
- the low absorption state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface is not absorbed and is emitted to the other surface while maintaining the traveling direction as it is.
- the low absorption state may be a state where an object can be clearly visually recognized when an object existing on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side.
- the low absorption state can be a transparent state.
- the light absorption variable part has a high absorption state with high light absorption, a low absorption state with low light absorption or no light absorption, and a state that exhibits light absorption between the high absorption state and the low absorption state And may be configured to include The ability to exhibit light absorption between the high absorption state and the low absorption state can provide moderate light absorption, so that the optical state can be changed with high variations, and optical The characteristics can be further improved.
- a state that exhibits light absorption between the high absorption state and the low absorption state is referred to as a medium absorption state.
- the medium absorption state may have at least one absorption state between the high absorption state and the low absorption state. For example, if the light absorption can be changed by switching between three states of a high absorption state, a medium absorption state, and a low absorption state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is a preferable aspect that the intermediate absorption state has a plurality of states in which the degree of absorbency is in a plurality of stages between the high absorption state and the low absorption state. Thereby, since the degree of absorbency becomes a plurality of stages, the optical characteristics can be further improved.
- the optical characteristics are improved.
- the intermediate absorption state is configured to continuously change from the high absorption state to the low absorption state between the high absorption state and the low absorption state.
- the optical state can be changed with high variations, and the optical characteristics can be further improved.
- the light absorptivity can be changed between a high absorption state and a low absorption state so as to exhibit the desired light absorption, an intermediate state can be created, so that the optical characteristics are improved.
- the light absorption variable portion may be configured to maintain the medium absorption state.
- the intermediate absorption state may have a distribution of light absorption within the surface. In that case, it is possible to form a pattern (pattern) between a place having high light absorption and a place having low light absorption.
- the light absorption variable part may absorb at least part of visible light. Thereby, light emission can be made clear.
- the light absorption variable portion preferably absorbs all visible light. Thereby, the emission can be further clarified.
- the light absorption variable part may absorb infrared rays. When absorbing infrared rays, a heat shielding effect can be obtained.
- the light absorption variable part may absorb ultraviolet rays. Thereby, degradation of the optical switching device 100 can be suppressed. Moreover, if ultraviolet rays can be absorbed, the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the room can be suppressed.
- the light absorption variable part preferably absorbs any one of visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, more preferably absorbs two of these, and more preferably absorbs all of them.
- the light absorption variable unit may be configured to be able to change the shape of the absorption spectrum.
- the change in the absorption spectrum may be performed in the medium absorption state.
- the change in the shape of the absorption spectrum means that the spectrum shape of the light incident on the light absorption variable portion and the light passing through the light absorption variable portion are different.
- the absorption spectrum is changed by changing the absorption wavelength. For example, the shape of the spectrum changes by strongly absorbing only blue light, strongly absorbing only green light, or strongly absorbing only red light.
- the absorption spectrum changes, the color of light passing through the optical switching device 100 changes. Therefore, the toning (color adjustment) of the transmitted light can be performed, and the optical characteristics can be improved.
- the optical variable layer 2 can be composed of a light absorption variable layer.
- the light absorption variable layer is disposed between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes 5 and 5, the degree of light absorption in the light absorption variable layer changes.
- the light absorption variable section may be connected to a DC power supply or an AC power supply, but is preferably connected to a DC power supply.
- a material whose light absorptivity changes due to an electric field the light absorptivity can change due to the flow of electricity in one direction. Therefore, stable light absorption can be obtained by a DC power source.
- the medium absorption state can be formed by controlling the amount of voltage or current applied.
- the material of the light absorption variable layer a material whose light absorption changes by electric field modulation can be preferably used.
- the electric field modulation material include tungsten oxide.
- the light absorption variable portion is preferably in a light transmission state when no voltage is applied and in a light absorption state when a voltage is applied.
- the absorptivity can be changed by applying a voltage.
- the alignment can be made uniform by applying a voltage.
- a thin and highly absorbable light absorption variable portion can be formed.
- the light absorption variable portion may be in a light absorption state when no voltage is applied and in a light transmission state when a voltage is applied.
- the light absorption variable layer may be one that maintains the light absorption state when a voltage is applied. Thereby, power efficiency increases.
- the property that the light absorption state is maintained is called hysteresis.
- the time during which the light absorption state is maintained is preferably long, for example, 1 hour or longer.
- the first surface F1 is defined as the main surface
- the second surface F2 is defined as the back surface.
- the main surface is arranged in a direction in which light is desired.
- the main surface first surface F1
- the rear surface second surface F2
- Table 1 shows an example of the configuration of a plurality of optical variable units 1.
- the configuration of the optical switching device 100 as the optical variable unit 1 is indicated by “ ⁇ ”. Furthermore, the operation when each configuration is selected is shown. The order of arrangement of the optical variable unit 1 is not limited.
- the light reflection variable portion is disposed on the second surface F2 side with respect to the planar light emitting portion and the light scattering variable portion. In that case, since light can be extracted using reflection, the optical switching device 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the light absorption variable portion is disposed on the second surface F2 side most among the plurality of optical variable portions 1. In that case, light entering from the second surface F2 can be absorbed. In addition, the contrast of light emitted from the first surface F1 can be increased.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 are preferably arranged in the order of a light scattering variable unit, a planar light emitting unit, a light reflection variable unit, and a light absorption variable unit from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2. .
- a suitable arrangement can be derived.
- the plurality of optical variable portions 1 include an organic electroluminescence element (planar light emitting portion) and a light scattering variable portion. Thereby, a planar light emitter having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the planar light emitter can be used as a lighting device.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 is selected from any one of a light scattering variable unit, a planar light emitting unit, a light reflection variable unit, and a light absorption variable unit is shown. Two or more of these may be selected.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include two or more light scattering variable units.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include two or more planar light emitting units.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include two or more light reflection variable units.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may include two or more light absorption variable units. If there are two or more parts having the same type of function (scattering, light emitting, reflecting, absorbing), the function can be enhanced.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred mode of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 in the optical switching device 100.
- the optical switching device 100 at least one of the optical variable units 1 has each of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 connected to the plurality of power supply terminals 3.
- FIG. 4 shows a pair of electrodes 5 connected to a plurality of power supply terminals 3.
- FIG. 4A one electrode 5 and a plurality of power supply terminals 3 connected thereto are taken out and illustrated.
- FIG. 4B a pair of electrodes 5 and 5 and a plurality of power supply terminals 3 are taken out and illustrated.
- one of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 is indicated by an electrode 5x
- the other of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 is indicated by an electrode 5y.
- the optical variable unit 1 having a pair of electrodes 5 and 5 connected to the plurality of power supply terminals 3 is defined as a control optical variable unit.
- at least one of the plurality of optical variable units 1 is a control optical variable unit.
- the power supplied from the power supply terminal 3 is controlled in a plurality of stages at least one of current and voltage.
- the power supply terminal 3 is composed of appropriate terminals exemplified in electrode pads, wiring connection structures, and the like.
- the plurality of power supply terminals 3 may be arranged at least at four corners of the quadrangle. Thereby, since the variation of the power supply pattern can be increased, the optical state of the optical switching device 100 can be effectively changed. More preferably, the plurality of power supply terminals 3 are also arranged in the middle of the square side.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 shown in FIG. 4 can be applied to any one or more of a planar light emitting part, a light scattering variable part, a light reflection variable part, and a light absorption variable part.
- the optical state changes with a distribution in the plane.
- the optical state may change in a plane with a distribution.
- the control optical variable unit is preferably two or more of the planar light emitting unit, the light scattering variable unit, the light reflection variable unit, and the light absorption variable unit, more preferably three or more, and even more preferably all.
- the plurality of power supply terminals 3 are configured to be able to supply power independently.
- the power supplied from the power supply terminal 3 is one in which at least one of current and voltage is controlled in a plurality of stages.
- the plurality of stages is to have at least one intermediate value state in addition to a high value state and a low value state in current or voltage.
- the plurality of stages may be discontinuous or continuous.
- the optical variable unit 1 in the optical switching device 100 there can be current driving and voltage driving.
- current driving the optical value is controlled and the optical variable unit 1 is driven.
- voltage drive the voltage value is controlled to drive the optical variable unit 1.
- Adopting one of current driving and voltage driving improves the driving.
- the planar light emitting unit organic EL element
- the light scattering variable unit may be voltage driven. Therefore, the voltage of the light scattering variable unit can be controlled in a plurality of stages.
- the light reflection variable section may be voltage driven. Therefore, the voltage of the light reflection variable unit can be controlled in a plurality of stages.
- the light absorption variable section may be current driven. Therefore, in the light absorption variable unit, the current can be controlled in a plurality of stages.
- the optical state of the control optical variable unit can change non-uniformly in the plane by the action of the plurality of power supply terminals 3. For example, a portion having a high optical state or a portion having a low optical state can be expressed in a pattern.
- the optical variable portion 1 changes optically in a predetermined pattern, the optical state at one point in the surface and the optical state at another point in the surface sufficiently away from the one point are Can change to different states.
- the optically changing region is a quadrangle
- the optical change of the optical variable unit 1 has a behavior in which the optical state differs between a certain corner and a corner facing the corner. obtain.
- FIG. 5 is a graph and a diagram for explaining changes in the optical state of the optical variable unit 1 (control optical variable unit).
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which the optical variable unit 1 is a light scattering variable unit or a light reflection variable unit.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an aspect in which the optical state of the optical variable unit 1 changes from opaque to transparent by voltage control.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a change in the optical state of the optical variable unit 1, and the mode of change in the optical state is not limited to this.
- the opaqueness described with reference to FIG. 5 is a state in which the transparency is low, for example, a state in which an object disposed on the other side of the optical variable unit 1 is not visible or a state in which the object is not clearly visible. .
- the term “transparent” refers to a state in which the transparency is higher than that of opaqueness, and an object placed on the other side of the optical variable unit 1 can be clearly seen.
- the optical variable portion 1 becomes opaque when no voltage is applied, and the optical variable portion 1 becomes transparent when a voltage higher than a predetermined value is applied.
- FIG. 5 will be described corresponding to a case where a voltage is applied from the power supply terminal 3 arranged at the upper right corner among the plurality of power supply terminals 3 in FIG.
- the plurality of power supply terminals 3 can supply power independently. Therefore, for example, electric power can be supplied only from the upper right power supply terminal 3. Further, the power supply terminal 3 can be controlled stepwise, and the voltage can be applied in multiple stages (different voltage values).
- the light transmittance is low at all the points P1 to P3, and the optical variable unit 1 is opaque.
- the voltage E1 (V) is applied from the upper right.
- the voltage E1 (V) is improved and changes from opaque to transparent.
- the light transmittance is increased at the central point P2, but the transparency is not as high as that at the upper right point P1, and the transparency is between opaque and transparent.
- the voltage E1 (V) at the lower left point P3, even if the light transmittance does not increase or rises, the opaque state is maintained even a little.
- FIG. 5 is an example of power control and shows control by voltage, but control by current can be performed in the same manner.
- the same control can be performed in the optical variable unit 1 even when the optical supply changes from transparent to opaque.
- the planar light emitting portion organic EL element
- when electricity is applied light is generated and the light emission state can be changed from transparent to opaque.
- the scattering variable part when a voltage is applied, the scattering property is lowered and the light scattering variable part can change from opaque to transparent.
- the light reflection variable part when a voltage is applied, the reflectivity becomes low and the light reflection variable part can change from opaque to transparent.
- the absorbency increases and the light absorption variable part can change from transparent to opaque.
- there may be an intermediate function state for example, a medium scattering state in the case of scattering
- a change from a high function state to an intermediate function state or a function from an intermediate state function. May be a change to a low state or vice versa. That is, it is only necessary to control the optical state to change in a pattern in the plane.
- a change in which a pattern formed by an opaque part or a transparent part is formed is called a pattern change.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a change in the optical state of the optical switching device 100.
- the pattern change control described in FIG. 5 is applied.
- the optical switching device 100 can develop an optical pattern that gradually becomes opaque from transparent to upper left to lower left.
- the level of transparency is expressed by the dot density, and the higher the transparency, the lower the dot density.
- 6A corresponds to the case of 0 (V) in FIG. 5A, and the optical switching device 100 is totally opaque.
- FIG. 6B corresponds to the case of E1 (V) in FIG. 5A.
- the optical switching device 100 is transparent at the upper right, gradually decreases in transparency toward the lower left, and is opaque at the lower left. .
- the state of B in FIG. 6 has a pattern of transparency, and can be defined as a pattern formation state.
- 6C corresponds to the case of E2 (V) in FIG. 5A, and the optical switching device 100 is entirely transparent.
- the optical switching device 100 may have a pattern in which the transparency changes in the plane.
- the pattern change in the optical state between transparent and opaque is performed in any one or more of the plurality of optical variable sections 1 (planar light emitting section, light scattering variable section, light reflection variable section, and light absorption variable section). It may be. Preferably, the pattern change is performed in all of the plurality of optical variable units 1.
- the optical variable unit 1 having a pair of electrodes 5 and 5 connected to the plurality of power supply terminals 3 causes a pattern change.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may perform the same pattern change. Thereby, the pattern change becomes more effective.
- the control of the optical change as described above uses an in-plane electrical resistance in the electrode 5.
- the electrode 5 becomes planar, the electrical resistance increases and it becomes difficult for electricity to pass.
- the electrode 5 having optical transparency tends to have high electrical resistance. Therefore, it becomes easy to change the optical state between a point near the power supply terminal 3 and a point far from the power supply terminal 3.
- the planar electrical resistance may be a so-called sheet resistance.
- the sheet resistance is preferably 10 ⁇ or more, and more preferably 20 ⁇ or more. Increasing the electrical resistance facilitates control of pattern changes. However, if the electrical resistance is increased too much, the drive voltage increases and power consumption increases.
- one electrode 5 is connected to the plurality of power supply terminals 3, and the other electrode 5 is also connected to the plurality of power supply terminals 3. Yes. Therefore, the voltage or current distribution in one electrode 5 and the voltage or current distribution in the other electrode 5 make it easier to create a voltage difference or current difference in the plane and effectively change the optical pattern. it can. For example, if the voltage of a certain part of one electrode 5 is + 10V and the voltage of the other electrode 5 at the part corresponding to that part (position overlapping in plan view) is ⁇ 10V, a voltage difference of 20V in total can be generated. It becomes possible and efficiency increases. Further, by controlling the position and strength of supplying power from the power supply terminal 3, it is possible to cause electricity to flow strongly to a certain part in the plane.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- 7A shows one of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 (5x)
- FIG. 7B shows the other of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 (5y).
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show a state in which the electrode 5 is viewed in plan.
- the electrodes 5x and 5y illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B can be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the arrangement of the pair of electrodes 5 can be understood from FIG.
- a pair of electrodes 5, 5 shown in FIG. 7 is applied to the optical variable unit 1.
- FIG. 7 is different from the example shown in FIG. 4 in the connection pattern of the plurality of power supply terminals 3.
- the pair of electrodes 5 are connected to the power supply terminal 3 in the same pattern.
- four power supply terminals 3 are arranged at equal intervals on each of the four sides of the rectangular electrode 5.
- a plurality of power supply terminals 3 are arranged on two opposite sides of the quadrangle, and the power supply terminals 3 are not arranged on two sides other than the two sides.
- FIG. 7A there are power supply terminals 3 on the upper and lower sides.
- FIG. 7B there are power supply terminals 3 on the left and right sides.
- connection positions of the power supply terminals 3 are different in the paired electrodes 5.
- the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 are connected to the plurality of power supply terminals 3 in different patterns. In that case, since the number of power supply terminals 3 can be reduced, a simpler configuration can be achieved.
- the connection pattern of the power supply terminals 3 differs depending on the electrodes 5, it is possible to supply power with a smaller amount of the power supply terminals 3, and power can be efficiently supplied in the plane. Further, it is possible to efficiently form an optical pattern.
- the sides where the power supply terminals 3 are provided do not overlap in the pair of electrodes 5 and 5. Thereby, efficiency increases. Further, it is possible to effectively produce an optical pattern formed by a portion having a high optical state and a portion having a low optical state.
- the optical switching device 100 preferably includes a low resistance portion 4 extending in the plane of the optical variable portion 1.
- the low resistance portion 4 is preferably in contact with the electrode 5.
- the low resistance portion 4 is preferably provided on both the pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- the low resistance portion 4 is a portion whose electric resistance is lower than that of the electrode 5.
- the presence of the low resistance portion 4 can assist in energization within the surface of the electrode 5, so that more power can be supplied to the inner side. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively create a state in which transparent and opaque are mixed in the plane and these are patterned.
- the low resistance portion 4 is present, the balance of the optical state between the end portion and the central portion can be adjusted, so that a beautiful pattern can be easily exhibited even in a large area.
- the low resistance portion 4 is preferably electrically connected to a plurality of power supply terminals 3 in the plane. Thereby, the application of power is further stabilized.
- the low resistance part 4 may be linear. Thereby, the optical state can be easily changed into a pattern.
- FIG. 8 is an example of a pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- 8A shows one of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 (5x)
- FIG. 8B shows the other of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 (5y).
- 8A and 8B show a state in which the electrode 5 is viewed in plan.
- the electrodes 5x and 5y illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B can be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the arrangement of the pair of electrodes 5 can be understood from FIG.
- a pair of electrodes 5, 5 shown in FIG. 8 is applied to the optical variable unit 1.
- FIG. 8C shows a cross-sectional view of the electrode 5 at a position where the low resistance portion 4 is provided.
- the power supply terminals 3 are arranged on two opposite sides. And the low resistance part 4 is arrange
- the low resistance portion 4 is the auxiliary wiring 4A.
- the auxiliary wiring 4 ⁇ / b> A is disposed on the surface of the electrode 5.
- the auxiliary wiring 4A is made of metal, for example. Examples of the metal include silver and aluminum.
- the width of the auxiliary wiring 4A may be in the range of 1 to 500 ⁇ m, for example.
- the auxiliary wiring 4A may be linear.
- the auxiliary wiring 4A may be opaque. Since the auxiliary wiring 4A has a small width, the optical state of the optical switching device 100 is hardly lowered. Therefore, the auxiliary wiring 4A can increase electrical conductivity while maintaining an optical state.
- the auxiliary wiring 4A may have a taper. Electrical reliability can be improved by the taper.
- FIG. 9 is an example of a pair of electrodes 5 and 5.
- 9A shows one of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 (5x)
- FIG. 9B shows the other of the pair of electrodes 5 and 5 (5y).
- a and B of FIG. 9 show the electrode 5 in plan view.
- the electrodes 5x and 5y illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B can be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the arrangement of the pair of electrodes 5 can be understood from FIG.
- a pair of electrodes 5, 5 shown in FIG. 9 is applied to the optical variable unit 1.
- FIG. 9C shows a cross-sectional view of the electrode 5 at the position where the low resistance portion 4 is provided.
- the low resistance portion 4 is provided in contact with the electrode 5 as in FIG. 8. And the low resistance part 4 has connected the electric power supply terminal 3 arrange
- the low resistance portion 4 is a transparent conductive portion 4B.
- the transparent conductive part 4B is formed of a conductive material having transparency.
- the transparent conductive portion 4B is preferably a portion where the thickness of the electrode 5 is increased. Thereby, the transparent conductive part 4B can be easily formed.
- FIG. 9C the thickness of the electrode 5 is increased and the transparent conductive portion 4B is provided.
- the transparent conductive portion 4B may be a protruding portion of the electrode 5.
- the portion where the thickness of the electrode 5 is increased becomes electrically low resistance, and the conductivity is improved as compared with other portions.
- the transparent conductive portion 4B can increase electrical conductivity while maintaining transparency.
- the width of the transparent conductive portion 4B is not particularly limited, but may be in the range of 10 to 10,000 ⁇ m, for example.
- the transparent conductive portion 4B may have a taper. Electrical reliability can be improved by the taper.
- the connection pattern by the low-resistance portion 4 is as follows. It is not limited to.
- the low resistance portion 4 may connect the power supply terminals 3 on the two adjacent sides.
- the two power supply terminals 3 are connected by the low resistance unit 4, but three or more power supply terminals 3 may be connected by the low resistance unit 4.
- FIG. 10 is an example of a mode in which the optical state of the optical switching device 100 changes in pattern.
- FIG. 10 shows control in which a pattern of a lattice-like opaque region is formed.
- the scenery seen beyond the optical switching device 100 is schematically represented.
- the optical switching device 100 is transparent. Therefore, you can see the scenery.
- the optical switching device 100 has an opaque portion in a lattice shape and a transparent portion between the lattices. Therefore, the scenery is partially visible from between the lattices.
- the opaque part has a lattice pattern.
- FIG. 10C the optical switching device 100 is opaque. Therefore, the scenery is not visible.
- a pattern can be formed by a transparent portion and an opaque portion.
- a lattice-like pattern can be easily formed using, for example, a pair of electrodes 5 and 5 shown in FIG. 8 and 9, the extending direction of the low resistance portion 4 on the electrode 5x and the extending direction of the low resistance portion 4 on the electrode 5y intersect each other. Therefore, it is easy to form a lattice pattern.
- the pattern change a portion having a high optical state and a portion having a low optical state are mixed in the plane, and these form a predetermined pattern to form a pattern. Therefore, the optical switching device 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 may be configured to be driven independently. Thereby, since the optical variable part 1 can be controlled independently, an optical characteristic can be improved.
- the fact that it can be driven independently may mean that power can be supplied to the optical variable unit 1 independently.
- each part is independently formed on each substrate by a laminating process, and then the parts are bonded together, or each part is sequentially formed on the substrate from one surface side by a laminating process.
- it can be formed by an appropriate method.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the function of the optical switching device 100.
- the plurality of optical variable units 1 are schematically illustrated. Arrows indicate the progress of light.
- FIG. 11 shows an example in which a light scattering variable portion 1S, a planar light emitting portion 1P, a light reflection variable portion 1R, and a light absorption variable portion 1Q are arranged as a plurality of optical variable portions 1 from the first surface F1 side. ing.
- the optical switching device 100 of FIG. 11 is configured to extract mainly light from the planar light emitting unit 1P from the first surface F1.
- the functioning optical variable unit 1 is indicated by hatching.
- Functioning means that the light scattering variable portion 1S exhibits light scattering properties, the planar light emitting portion 1P emits light, and the light reflection variable portions 1R exhibits light reflecting properties.
- the light absorption variable portion 1Q this means a state in which light absorption is exhibited.
- the optical variable part 1 can be transparent.
- an intermediate state of light scattering, light reflectivity, and light absorption is not shown, but an intermediate state may be present.
- a to Q in FIG. 11 are different in the function state of the optical variable unit 1, and are in different states as the optical switching device 100.
- the optical switching device 100 may be able to exhibit all the states A to Q in FIG. 11 or may be able to exhibit some of these states.
- the optical state of the optical switching device 100 can be switched.
- the optical switching device 100 when at least one of the plurality of optical variable units 1 functions, light entering from the outside into the optical switching device 100 becomes difficult to pass through as it is, so that the optical switching device 100 may become opaque.
- the light scattering property of the light scattering variable portion 1S is exhibited as shown in FIG. 11A, the light is scattered, so that the light remains as it is between the first surface F1 and the second surface F2. I can't pass.
- the light reflectivity of the light reflection variable portion 1R is exhibited as shown in FIG. 11C, the light is reflected, so that the light remains as it is between the first surface F1 and the second surface F2. I can't pass.
- FIG. 11A when the light scattering property of the light scattering variable portion 1S is exhibited as shown in FIG. 11A, the light is scattered, so that the light remains as it is between the first surface F1 and the second surface F2. I can't pass.
- the light reflectivity of the light reflection variable portion 1R is exhibited as shown in FIG. 11C,
- FIG. 11 shows an example in which four types of different optical variable units 1 are combined. From this example, the function of the optical switching device 100 can be understood when there are three and two optical variable units 1. . Further, even when the arrangement (order) of the optical variable unit 1 is changed, the function of the optical switching device 100 can be understood based on FIG.
- the optical switching device 100 can be used as a window.
- a window that creates an optically different state may be defined as an active window.
- a window in which the pattern changes between opaque and transparent has high utility value.
- the window can be used for either the inner window or the outer window.
- an in-vehicle window can be used as the window.
- the in-vehicle window may be a window for vehicles such as an automatic vehicle, a train, a locomotive, and a train, an airplane, and a ship.
- windows that can change between transparency and opacity are suitable for high-end automobiles.
- the optical switching device 100 can be used as a building material. As building materials, it can be used for wall materials, partitions, signage and the like. The signage may be a so-called lighting advertisement.
- the wall material may be for the outer wall or for the inner wall.
- the optical switching device 100 When the optical switching device 100 has a planar light emitting unit, it can be used as a lighting device. In the optical switching device 100, illumination with a pattern change can be obtained.
- FIG. 12 shows an application example of the optical switching device 100.
- a building material 200 is shown.
- the building material 200 shown in FIG. 12 is a window.
- the building material 200 includes the optical switching device 100.
- the building material 200 includes a frame body 101, wirings 102, and plugs 103.
- the building material 200 is a so-called electrified building material.
- the frame 101 surrounds the outer periphery of the optical switching device 100.
- the wiring 102 is electrically connected to the optical switching device 100.
- the plug 103 can be connected to an external power source.
- the optical state of the optical switching device 100 may change.
- the optical switching device 100 changes in a plurality of states: a transparent state, a translucent (ground glass) state, a mirror state, and a light emitting state. Therefore, the building material 200 is excellent in optical characteristics.
- the optical switching device, the building material, etc. were demonstrated based on embodiment, the optical switching device of this indication etc. are not limited to the said embodiment.
- the embodiment can be realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions in the embodiment without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, or the form obtained by making various modifications conceivable by those skilled in the art with respect to the above-described embodiment. Forms are also included in the present disclosure.
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Abstract
Description
2 光学可変層
3 電力供給端子
4 低抵抗部
4A 補助配線
4B 透明導電部
5 電極
6 基板
100 光スイッチングデバイス
Claims (7)
- 面状であり、電力により光透過性の程度が変化可能な複数の光学可変部と、
前記光学可変部に電力を供給する複数の電力供給端子と、を備え、
前記複数の光学可変部は厚み方向に配置され、
前記複数の光学可変部のそれぞれは、一対の電極を有し、
前記複数の光学可変部のうちの少なくとも一つは、前記一対の電極のそれぞれが、前記複数の電力供給端子に接続され、
前記複数の電力供給端子は、電流及び電圧の少なくともいずれか一方が複数の段階で制御された電力を供給する、光スイッチングデバイス。 - 前記一対の電極は、前記複数の電力供給端子に異なるパターンで接続されている、請求項1に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。
- 前記電極に接し、前記光学可変部の面内に伸びる低抵抗部を備え、
前記低抵抗部は、前記面内において前記複数の電力供給端子を電気的に接続する、請求項1又は2に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。 - 前記低抵抗部は、補助配線である、請求項3に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。
- 前記低抵抗部は、透明導電部である、請求項3に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。
- 前記複数の光学可変部は、少なくとも、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子と、光散乱可変部とを含む、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の光スイッチングデバイス。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の光スイッチングデバイスと、配線と、を備えた建材。
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EP3444656A4 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-11-06 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | LICHTDIMMUNGSMODUL |
JP7103217B2 (ja) | 2016-04-05 | 2022-07-20 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光モジュール |
WO2017175796A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-12 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光モジュール |
CN109073922B (zh) * | 2016-04-05 | 2022-05-24 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 调光模块 |
US10921656B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2021-02-16 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Light control module |
KR20180122416A (ko) * | 2016-04-05 | 2018-11-12 | 도판 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 | 조광 모듈 |
CN109073922A (zh) * | 2016-04-05 | 2018-12-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 调光模块 |
JPWO2017175796A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-02-14 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光モジュール |
KR102101772B1 (ko) | 2016-04-05 | 2020-04-17 | 도판 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 | 조광 모듈 |
JP2018018074A (ja) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-02-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光フィルム、調光フィルムの駆動方法、調光装置、調光部材、車両 |
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CN106842664A (zh) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-13 | 深圳市万明精工科技有限公司 | 一种调光玻璃结构及其使用的负介电各向异性染料液晶 |
CN106873197A (zh) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-20 | 深圳市万明精工科技有限公司 | 一种调光玻璃结构及其使用的负介电各向异性染料液晶 |
JP2019045669A (ja) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-22 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光体 |
JP2020013168A (ja) * | 2018-01-30 | 2020-01-23 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 液晶調光装置およびその製造方法 |
JP7265725B2 (ja) | 2018-01-30 | 2023-04-27 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 液晶調光装置およびその製造方法 |
JP7477010B2 (ja) | 2018-01-30 | 2024-05-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 液晶調光装置およびその製造方法 |
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JPWO2016006181A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
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