WO2015158191A1 - 一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布的方法 - Google Patents

一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布的方法 Download PDF

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WO2015158191A1
WO2015158191A1 PCT/CN2015/074369 CN2015074369W WO2015158191A1 WO 2015158191 A1 WO2015158191 A1 WO 2015158191A1 CN 2015074369 W CN2015074369 W CN 2015074369W WO 2015158191 A1 WO2015158191 A1 WO 2015158191A1
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张席妮
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上海方楠生物科技有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D205/00Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D205/02Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D205/06Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D205/08Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 2, e.g. beta-lactams
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/08Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D263/16Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D263/18Oxygen atoms
    • C07D263/20Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
    • C07D263/26Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 with hetero atoms or acyl radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/08Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D277/12Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D277/14Oxygen atoms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for synthesizing a hypolipidemic drug ezetimibe, in particular to a method for stereoselective synthesis of a hypolipidemic drug ezetimibe (I).
  • step (c) a suitable hydroxy protecting group such as a silyl protecting group, the hydroxyl group of the handle alcohol and the imine are protected, and the alcohol (1 equivalent) and the imine (preferably 1 to 3 equivalents) are added.
  • an aqueous solvent such as dichloromethane
  • the reaction mixture is cooled to below 10 ° C to minus 15 ° C
  • a tertiary amine base such as DIPEA (preferably 2 to 4 equivalents) is added, and a sufficient amount of both reacted with the alcohol and reacted with the imine.
  • the silylating agent (for example, 2 to 4 equivalents).
  • the alcohol and imine are reacted at from minus 20 ° C to minus 35 ° C with at least one equivalent of a Lewis acid such as TiCl 4 in the presence of a tertiary amine base (preferably 1-3 equivalents) such as DIPEA for 2 to 4 hours.
  • a Lewis acid such as TiCl 4
  • DIPEA tertiary amine base
  • the alcohol and the imine are condensed, and the reaction is quenched by treatment with an acid such as glacial acetic acid and then with aqueous tartaric acid, and the obtained product is extracted by a conventional method and crystallized.
  • the yield of this step was 65%, but the optical purity of the product was not reported.
  • This step is a key step in the entire route, and its stereoselectivity directly affects the yield and quality of the product.
  • Most of the literature reports that the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the imine are protected in this step, and the protective agent has a silyl group, a benzyl group, an acetyl group and the like. The change in the protecting group has a large influence on the stereoselectivity of the addition reaction.
  • the present invention further investigates whether or not the phenolic hydroxyl group of the imine needs protection.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a stereoselective method for synthesizing a hypolipidemic drug ezetimibe (I), by which the chemical purity and optical purity of the intermediate (VIII) can be improved, which is beneficial to the subsequent steps.
  • the yield and purity are a simple and suitable method for preparing the stereoselective synthetic hypolipidemic drug ezetimibe (I) suitable for industrial production.
  • the silane-based protective agent is used in an amount of 1.0 to 1.5 molar equivalents, and the compound (VI) and the imine (VII) are added at a temperature of from 50 ° C to 0 ° C.
  • the solvent for recrystallization is selected from the group consisting of ester solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons. And one or a mixture of any two or three of the saturated alkanes, Pg is a trialkylsilyl protecting group, and the alkyl groups are the same or different;
  • R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl, substituted naphthyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl or benzyl, wherein on phenyl or naphthyl
  • the substituent is 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; the fluoride ion catalyst is tetraalkylammonium fluoride or a crystalline hydrate thereof.
  • the chiral auxiliary group (III) of step a) is (S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone or (S)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone.
  • the chiral catalyst of step b) is (R)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazolidine borane, and the reducing agent is borane and its ether complex.
  • the silane-based protective agent in the step c) is selected from the group consisting of trimethylchlorosilane, triethylchlorosilane, triisopropylchlorosilane, tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane, and tributylsilyl group.
  • the amount of the silane-based protecting agent in the step c) is from 1.05 to 1.1 molar equivalents.
  • the temperature at which the compound (VI) and the imine (VII) are added in the step c) is from minus 35 ° C to minus 15 ° C.
  • the medium crystallization solvent in step c) is toluene, ethyl acetate and n-heptane and mixtures thereof.
  • the acylating agent in the step d) is one selected from the group consisting of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, propionic anhydride, propionyl chloride, isobutyryl chloride, isobutyric anhydride, benzoyl chloride or benzoic anhydride.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the optically pure compound (VIII), comprising the following steps:
  • step 3 adding the enolate obtained in step 2) to the imine (VII), and removing the silyl protecting group to obtain a mixture containing the compound (VIII) and its diastereomer (IX);
  • reaction formula is:
  • the present invention protects only the hydroxyl group of the alcohol (V), and then enolizes it with a Lewis acid in the presence of a tertiary amine, and finally adds an unprotected imine of the phenolic hydroxyl group to form an addition. reaction.
  • the ratio of the compound (VIII) and its diastereomer (IX) in the reaction mixture can be up to 8:1 to 10:1 by chiral HPLC. By recrystallization, this ratio can be further increased to 99.5:0.5, and the isolated yield can be increased to 75% based on the compound (IV).
  • An increase in the chemical purity and optical purity of the intermediate (VIII) is also advantageous for increasing the yield and purity of the subsequent steps.
  • the synthesis method of the present invention is a simple and stereoselective method for preparing a hypolipidemic drug ezetimibe (I) suitable for industrial production.
  • the synthesis of ezetimibe when the chiral auxiliary group is (S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone includes the following steps:
  • reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, the reaction temperature was lowered to minus 25 to minus 30 ° C, titanium tetrachloride (3.4 mL, 30.8 mmol) was slowly added, and the temperature was maintained below 25 ° C and stirred for 10 minutes.
  • a solution of the compound (VII) (12.05 g, 56.2 mmol) in dichloromethane was added dropwise at this temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at minus 25 ° C for 1-2 hours, and the completion of the reaction was checked by HPLC. Glacial acetic acid (8 ml) was slowly added to the reaction mixture while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture at -30 ° C to 30 ° C.
  • the crude product of the above compound (I) was crystallized from an isopropanol-sulfuric acid aqueous solution (isopropanol 40 mL, 1 M sulfuric acid 0.1 mL and water 40 mL), and the product was filtered, washed with a dilute aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol, and then washed with water until the washing liquid pH ⁇ 5. Drying under vacuum at 50-60 ° C gave 7.95 g of white crystals, ie, compound ezetimibe (I), yield 92%, HPLC purity 99.5%, optical purity 99.8%.
  • the synthesis of ezetimibe when the chiral auxiliary group is (S)-4-phenyl-2-thiazolidinone includes the following steps:
  • reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, the reaction temperature was lowered to minus 25 to minus 30 ° C, titanium tetrachloride (3.4 mL, 30.8 mmol) was slowly added, and the temperature was maintained below 25 ° C and stirred for 10 minutes.
  • a solution of the compound (VII) (12.05 g, 56.2 mmol) in dichloromethane was added dropwise at this temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at minus 25 ° C for 1-2 hours, and the completion of the reaction was checked by HPLC. Glacial acetic acid (8 ml) was slowly added to the reaction mixture while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture at -30 ° C to 30 ° C.
  • the crude product of the above compound (I) was crystallized from an isopropanol-sulfuric acid aqueous solution (isopropanol 40 mL, 1 M sulfuric acid 0.1 mL and water 40 mL), and the product was filtered, washed with a dilute aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol, and then washed with water until the washing liquid pH ⁇ 5.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布(I)的方法,包括如下步骤:a)对氟苯甲酰基丁酸(II)与手性辅基(III)反应得到式(IV)的酮;b)在手性催化剂存在下式(IV)的酮还原为手性醇(V);c)手性醇(V)和硅烷基保护剂反应,得到被保护的化合物(VI),然后化合物(VI)与亚胺(VII)加成并脱除保护基,得到化合物(VIII)及其非对映体(IX),经合适的溶剂重结晶得到光学纯的化合物(VIII);d)用酰化试剂保护化合物(VIII)得到化合物(X),再用氟离子催化剂将式(X)的酰胺环化,得到式(XI)的被保护的内酰胺;然后除去保护基得到依折麦布(I)。

Description

一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及降血脂药物依折麦布的合成方法,具体涉及一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布(I)的方法。
背景技术
美国专利US5767115首次报道了依折麦布的合成方法。中国专利CN1329592报道了一种更为方便的立体选择性的合成方法,步骤如下图所示:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000001
在步骤(c)中,用一种合适的羟基保护基如甲硅烷基保护基把手性醇和亚胺的羟基都保护起来,把醇(1当量)和亚胺(优选1~3当量)加入无水溶剂例如二氯甲烷中,将反应混合物冷却到零下10℃~零下15℃,加入一种叔胺碱例如DIPEA(优选2~4当量),加入足够量的既与醇反应又与亚胺反应的甲硅烷基化试剂(例如2~4当量)。甲硅烷基化完成后,醇和亚胺在零下20℃~零下35℃与至少1当量的路易斯酸例如TiC14在叔胺碱(优选1~3当量)例如DIPEA存在下反应2~4小时,使醇和亚胺缩合,通过用一种酸例如冰乙酸处理,然后用酒石酸水溶液处理来淬灭反应,使用常规方法萃取所得的产物,并且使其结晶。该步的收率为65%,但没有报道产物的光学纯度。
该步骤是整个路线的关键步骤,其立体选择性的优劣直接影响到产品的收率和质量。大部分文献报道这一步骤中亚胺的酚羟基均被保护起来,保护剂有硅烷基、苄基和乙酰基等。保护基的改变对该加成反应的立体选择性有很大影响。为提高本步骤的立体选择性及收率,本发明对亚胺的酚羟基是否需要保护做了进一步考察。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布(I)的方法,通过该合成方法可以提高中间体(VIII)的化学纯度和光学纯度,有利于提高后续步骤的收率和纯度,是一种简便的、适于工业化生产的立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布(I)的制备方法。
为了达到以上目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布(I)的方法,
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000002
包括如下步骤:
a)对氟苯甲酰基丁酸(II)与手性辅基(III)反应得到酮(IV);
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000003
其中,X为-O-、-S-或-N(C1~C6烷基);Y为=O或=S;而R1是C1~C6烷基、苯基、萘基、取代的苯基、取代的萘基、C1~C6烷氧基羰基或苄基,其中在苯基或萘基上的取代基是1~3个选自C1~C6烷基、苯基和苄基的取代基;
b)在手性催化剂存在下将酮(IV)还原为手性醇(V);
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000004
c)使手性醇(V)和硅烷基保护剂反应,得到醇羟基被保护的化合物(VI),然后将化合物(VI)与亚胺(VII)加成并脱除保护基,得到化合物(VIII)及其非对映体(IX),经溶剂重结晶得到光学纯的化合物(VIII);
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000005
其中,硅烷基保护剂的用量为1.0~1.5摩尔当量,化合物(VI)与亚胺(VII)加成的温度为零下50℃~0℃,重结晶的溶剂为选自酯类溶剂、芳香烃及饱和烷烃中的一种或其任意两种或三种混合物,Pg为三烷基硅烷基保护基,烷基相同或者不同;
d)用酰化试剂保护化合物(VIII)得到化合物(X),再用氟离子催化剂将式(X)的被保护的β-取代的氨基进行酰胺环化,得到被保护的内酰胺(XI);然后除去酰基保护基得到依折麦布(I);
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000007
其中,R2是C1~C6烷基、苯基、萘基、取代的苯基、取代的萘基、C1~C6烷氧基羰基或苄基,其中在苯基或萘基上的取代基是1~3个选自C1~C6烷基、苯基和苄基的取代基;氟离子催化剂是四烷基氟化铵或其结晶水合物。
优选地,所述步骤a)的手性辅基(III)为(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮或(S)-4-苄基-2-噁唑烷酮。
优选地,所述步骤b)的手性催化剂为(R)-2-甲基-CBS-噁唑硼烷,还原剂为硼烷及其醚类复合物。
优选地,所述步骤c)中的硅烷基保护剂为选自三甲基氯硅烷、三乙基氯硅烷、三异丙基氯硅烷、叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三丁基硅基氯硅烷、三氟甲烷磺酸三甲基硅酯或三氟甲烷磺酸叔丁基二甲基硅酯中的一种。
优选地,所述步骤c)中的硅烷基保护剂的用量为1.05~1.1摩尔当量。
优选地,所述步骤c)中化合物(VI)与亚胺(VII)加成的温度为为零下35℃~零下15℃。
优选地,所述步骤c)中的中结晶溶剂为甲苯、乙酸乙酯和正庚烷及其混合物。
优选地,所述步骤d)中的酰化试剂为选自乙酸酐、乙酰氯、丙酸酐、丙酰氯、异丁酰氯、异丁酸酐、苯甲酰氯或苯甲酸酐中的一种。
本发明还提供一种光学纯的化合物(VIII)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)手性醇(V)和硅烷基保护剂反应,得到醇羟基被硅烷基保护的化合物(VI);
2)化合物(VI)与路易斯酸在叔胺的存在下进行烯醇化得到烯醇盐;
3)步骤2)得到的烯醇盐与亚胺(VII)加成,脱除硅烷基保护基后得到含有化合物(VIII)及其非对映体(IX)的混合物;
4)经溶剂将含有化合物(VIII)及其非对映体(IX)的混合物重结晶得到光学纯的化合物(VIII);
反应式为:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000008
本发明在步骤(c)中,只对手性醇(V)的羟基做了保护,然后用路易斯酸在叔胺存在下对其进行烯醇化,最后加入酚羟基未经保护的亚胺进行加成反应。脱除保护基后,用手性HPLC检测,反应混合物中化合物(VIII)和其非对映体(IX)的比例可达8:1~10:1。通过重结晶,这一比例可进一步提高至99.5:0.5,以化合物(IV)计算,分离收率可以提高至75%。中间体(VIII)的化学纯度和光学纯度的提高,也有利于提高后续步骤的收率和纯度。本发明的合成方法是一种简便的、适于工业化生产的立体选择性的制备降血脂药物依折麦布(I)的方法。
具体实施方式
为了进一步了解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点,而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
实施例1:
手性辅基为(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮时依折麦布的合成,包括如下步骤:
步骤(a),反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000009
向500mL的三颈圆底烧瓶装中加入化合物II对氟苯甲酰基丁酸(20g,95.15mmol)、二氯甲烷(100mL)和三乙胺(23mL,165mmol),在室温下搅拌混合物5分钟。用30分钟的时间缓慢加入特戊酰氯(11.3mL,91.75mmol),继续搅拌1小时。加入手性辅基化合物IIIa(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮(10g,61.3mmol)、4-(N,N-二甲氨基)吡啶(1.6g,13mmol)和干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL),加热至二氯甲烷回流大约7小时。冷却到室温后,在搅拌下把整批混合物缓慢转移到含有2N硫酸(80mL)的烧瓶中,并且继续搅拌30分钟,分层,用5%NaHCO3(80mL)洗涤有机层。浓缩有机层,使产物在异丙醇(100mL)中结晶,过滤和干燥,得到化合物(IVa)20.2g,收率92%。LC-MS(ESI)m/z356[M+1]。
步骤(b),反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000010
向250mL的三颈圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(20mL)和硼烷二甲基硫醚(2.82mL,28.2mmol,10M),把混合物冷却到零下5~0℃。向混合物中加入手性催化剂(R)-2-甲基-CBS-噁唑硼烷(1.4mL,1.4mmol,5%摩尔当量),在0℃下搅拌15分钟。用3~4小时的时间缓慢加入步骤(a)中得到的化合物(Iva)(10g,28.1mmol)的二氯甲烷(30mL)溶液,将反应温度保持在零下5~0℃.继续搅拌1~2小时,直到通过HPLC判断反应已进行完全。通过缓慢加入甲醇(4mL)淬灭反应,同时保持温度低于0℃,加入5%过氧化氢(20mL),然后加入硫酸(1.5mL,4N),搅拌混合物15分钟,分出有机层,用硫酸(20mL,2N)、5%亚硫酸钠(50mL)和10%氯化钠(50mL)洗涤。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压浓缩到无馏分,检测含水量<0.05%,即得到化合物(Va)。产物直接用于下一步中,产率约100%,HPLC纯度96%,光学纯度97%,LC-MS(ESI)m/z358[M+1]。
步骤(c),反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000011
向500mL的三颈圆底烧瓶装中加入步骤(b)得到的化合物(Va)(与10g的化合物(IVa)等摩尔当量,28.1mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液,用干燥的二氯甲烷把反应混合物的总体积调节到150mL。将混合物冷却到零下10℃,缓慢加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(19.6mL,112.4mmol),把温度保持在低于零下10℃,用30分钟的时间加入三甲基氯硅烷(4.3mL,29.5mmol),同时维持温度低于-10℃。搅拌反应混合物1小时,把反应温度降低到零下25~零下30℃,缓慢加入四氯化钛(3.4mL,30.8mmol),并且维持温度低于零下25℃,搅拌10分钟。在此温度下滴加化合物(VII)(12.05g,56.2mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液。在零下25℃搅拌反应混合物1~2小时,通过HPLC检查反应的完成。向反应混合物中缓慢加入冰乙酸(8ml)同时把反应混合物的温度维持在零下25~零下30℃.把反应混合物倒入0℃的5%的盐酸水溶液(140mL)中,搅拌1~2小时,使温度缓慢升高到室温,加入质量分数为20%的亚硫酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),再继续搅拌2小时。分出有机层,用水(120mL)洗涤,把有机层加压浓缩到无馏分,得到粗品,经手性HPLC检测,化合物(VIIIa)和(IXa)的比例为10:1。上述粗品用甲苯(60mL)重结晶。过滤、洗涤和干燥,得到化合物(VIIIa)12.1g(从化合物(IVa)计算,两步产率为75%),HLPC纯度99.0%,光学纯度99.5%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.29(1H,s),7.31-7.28(2H,m),7.22-7.19(2H,m),7.15-7.06(7H,m),6.80-6.76(2H,m),6.65(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.53-6.50(2H,m),5.96(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),5.55-5.52(1H,m),5.11(1H,d,J=4.4Hz),4.74(1H,t,J=8.4Hz),4.35-4.25(3H,m),4.08-4.05 (1H,m),1.64-1.10(4H,m);LC-MS(ESI)m/z573[M+1]。
步骤(d),反应式为:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000012
向500mL的三颈圆底烧瓶中步骤(c)得到的化合物(VIIIa)(12.1g,21.1mmol)、三乙胺(5.1g,50.6mmol)和二氯甲烷120mL。室温下滴加乙酸酐(10.8g,84.4mmol),30分钟内滴毕,并继续搅拌1小时。通过HPLC判断反应已进行完全,加入水(120mL)淬灭反应,分离有机相并用水和饱和食盐水洗涤有机相。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,在室温下减压浓缩至干,并用甲基叔丁基醚(120mL)稀释残余物。再加入四正丁基氟化铵三水合物(0.05g)、双三甲基乙酰胺(8mL),在室温下搅拌混合物2小时。通过HPLC判断反应已进行完全。加入冰乙酸(1.0mL),在真空下把反应混合物浓缩成油状物为化合物(XIa)。向上述油状产物中加入预先混合好的异丙醇(75mL)和硫酸(7.5mL,2N)的水溶液,在室温下搅拌混合物l~2小时,HPLC检测反应完毕后,滴加水100mL,过滤得到化合物(I)的粗品。上述化合物(I)的粗品在异丙醇—硫酸水溶液(异丙醇40mL,1M的硫酸0.1mL和水40mL)中结晶,过滤产物,用异丙醇的稀水溶液洗涤,然后用水洗涤直到洗涤液的pH<5。在50~60℃下真空下干燥得到白色晶体7.95g,即化合物依折麦布(I),收率92%,HPLC纯度99.5%,光学纯度99.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.49(1H,s),7.28-7.24(2H,m),7.19-7.16(4H,m),7.11-7.07(4H,m),6.75-6.71(2H,m),5.25(1H,d,J=4.3Hz),4.77(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),4.49-4.59(1H,m),3.07-3.04(1H,m)1.84-1.66(4H,m);LC-MS(ESI)m/z410[M+1]。
实施例2:
手性辅基为(S)-4-苯基-2-噻唑烷酮时依折麦布的合成,包括如下步骤:
步骤(a),反应式为:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000013
向500mL的三颈圆底烧瓶装中加入对氟苯甲酰基丁酸(20g,95.15mmol)、二氯甲烷(100mL)和三乙胺(23mL,165mmol),在室温下搅拌混合物5分钟。用30分钟的时间缓慢加入特戊酰氯(11.3mL,91.75mmol),继续搅拌1小时。加入手性辅基(S)-4-苯基-2-噻唑烷酮(以(S)-4-苯基-1,3-噻唑烷-2-硫酮为原料,根据文献Phosphorus,SulfurandSiliconandtheRelated Elements,2011,186(7),1563–1571中提供的方法制备)(11g,61.3mmol)、4-(N,N-二甲氨基)吡啶(1.6g,13mmol)和干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL),加热至二氯甲烷回流大约8小时。冷却到室温后,在搅拌下把整批混合物缓慢转移到含有硫酸(80mL,2N)的烧瓶中,并且继续搅拌30分钟,分层,用5%NaHCO3(80mL)洗涤有机层。浓缩有机层,使产物在异丙醇(100mL)中结晶,过滤和干燥,得到化合物(IVb)20.5g,收率90%。LC-MS(ESI)m/z372[M+1]。
步骤(b),反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000014
向250mL的三颈圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(20mL)和硼烷二甲基硫醚(2.82mL,28.2mmol,10M),把混合物冷却到零下5~0℃。向混合物中加入手性催化剂(R)-2-甲基-CBS-噁唑硼烷(1.4mL,1.4mmol,5%摩尔当量),在0℃下搅拌15分钟。用3~4小时的时间缓慢加入实施例2步骤 (b)中得到的化合物IVb(10.4g,28.1mmol)的二氯甲烷(30ml)溶液,将反应温度保持在-5~0℃.继续搅拌1~2小时,直到通过HPLC判断反应已进行完全。通过缓慢加入甲醇(4mL)淬灭反应,同时保持温度低于0℃,加入5%过氧化氢(20mL),然后加入硫酸(1.5mL,4N),搅拌混合物15分钟,分出有机层,用硫酸(20mL,2N)、5%亚硫酸钠(50mL)和10%氯化钠(50mL)洗涤。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压浓缩到无馏分,检测含水量<0.05%,即得到化合物(Vb)。产物直接用于下一步中,产率约100%,HPLC纯度96%,光学纯度98%,LC-MS(ESI)m/z374[M+1]。
步骤(c),反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000015
向500mL的三颈圆底烧瓶装中加入从实施例2步骤(b)得到的化合物(Vb)(与10.4g的化合物(IVb)等摩尔当量,28.1mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液,用干燥的二氯甲烷把反应混合物的总体积调节到150mL。将混合物冷却到零下10℃,缓慢加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(19.6ml,112.4mmol),把温度保持在低于零下10℃,用30分钟的时间加入叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(4.4g,29.5mmol),同时维持温度低于零下10℃。搅拌反应混合物1小时,把反应温度降低到零下25~零下30℃,缓慢加入四氯化钛(3.4mL,30.8mmol),并且维持温度低于零下25℃,搅拌10分钟。在此温度下滴加化合物(VII)(12.05g,56.2mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液。在零下25℃搅拌反应混合物1~2小时,通过HPLC检查反应的完成。向反应混合物中缓慢加入冰乙酸(8ml)同时把反应混合物的温度维持在零下25~零下30℃.把反应混合物倒入0℃的5%的盐酸 水溶液(140mL)中,搅拌1~2小时,使温度缓慢升高到室温.加入20%亚硫酸氢钠的水溶液(50mL),再继续搅拌2小时。分出有机层,用水(120mL)洗涤,把有机层加压浓缩到无馏分,得到粗品,经手性HPLC检测,化合物(VIIIb)和(IXb)的比例为9:1。上述粗品用甲苯(60mL)重结晶。过滤、洗涤和干燥,得到化合物(VIIIb)11.9g(从化合物(IVb)计算,两步产率为72%),HLPC纯度99.0%,光学纯度99.5%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.26(1H,s),7.31-7.28(2H,m),7.22-7.19(2H,m),7.15-7.06(7H,m),6.80-6.76(2H,m),6.65(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.53-6.50(2H,m),5.96(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),5.55-5.52(1H,m),5.06(1H,d,J=4.4Hz),4.25-4.15(3H,m),3.52(1H,t,J=8.0Hz),3.38-3.34(1H,m),1.64-1.10(4H,m);LC-MS(ESI)m/z589[M+1]。
步骤(d),反应式为:
Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-000016
向500mL的三颈圆底烧瓶中加入实施例2步骤(c)得到的化合物(VIIIb)(11.8g,20.1mmol)、三乙胺(5.1g,50.6mmol)和二氯甲烷120mL。室温下滴加丙酰氯(7.4g,80.4mmol),30分钟内滴毕,并继续搅拌1小时。通过HPLC判断反应已进行完全,加入水(120mL)淬灭反应,分离有机相并用水和饱和食盐水洗涤有机相。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,在室温下减压浓缩至干,并用甲基叔丁基醚(120mL)稀释残余物。再加入四正丁基氟化铵三水合物(0.05g)、双三甲基乙酰胺(8mL),在室温下搅拌混合物2小时。通过TLC判断反应已进行完全。加入冰乙酸(1.0mL),在真空下把反应混合物浓缩成油状物为化合物(XIa)。向上述油状产物中加入预先混合 好的异丙醇(75mL)和硫酸(7.5mL,2N)的水溶液,在室温下搅拌混合物l~2小时,HPLC检测反应完毕后,滴加水(100mL),过滤得到化合物(I)的粗品。上述化合物(I)的粗品在异丙醇—硫酸水溶液(异丙醇40mL,1M的硫酸0.1mL和水40mL)中结晶,过滤产物,用异丙醇的稀水溶液洗涤,然后用水洗涤直到洗涤液的pH<5。在50~60℃下在真空下干燥的白色晶体7.5g,即化合物依折麦布(I),收率91%,HPLC纯度99.5%,光学纯度99.8%。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种立体选择性的合成降血脂药物依折麦布(I)的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100001
    包括如下步骤:
    a)对氟苯甲酰基丁酸(II)与手性辅基(III)反应得到酮(IV),反应式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100002
    其中X为-O-、-S-或-N(C1~C6烷基);Y为=O或=S;而R1是C1~C6烷基、苯基、萘基、取代的苯基、取代的萘基、C1~C6烷氧基羰基或苄基,其中在苯基或萘基上的取代基是1~3个选自C1~C6烷基、苯基和苄基的取代基;
    b)在手性催化剂存在下将酮(IV)用还原剂还原为手性醇(V),反应式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100003
    c)手性醇(V)和硅烷基保护剂反应,得到醇羟基被保护的化合物(VI),然后将化合物(VI)与亚胺(VII)加成并脱除保护基,得到化合物(VIII)及其非对映体(IX),经溶剂重结晶得到光学纯的化合物(VIII),反应式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100005
    其中,硅烷基保护剂的用量为1.0~1.5摩尔当量,化合物(VI)与亚胺(VII)加成的温度为-50℃~0℃,重结晶的溶剂为选自酯类溶剂、芳香烃及饱和烷烃中的一种或其任意两种或三种混合物,Pg为三烷基硅烷基保护基,烷基相同或者不同;
    d)用酰化试剂保护化合物(VIII)得到化合物(X),再用氟离子催化剂将式(X)的被保护的β-取代的氨基进行酰胺环化,得到被保护的内酰胺(XI);然后除去酰基保护基得到依折麦布(I);
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100006
    其中,R2是C1~C6烷基、苯基、萘基、取代的苯基、取代的萘基、C1~C6烷氧基羰基或苄基,其中在苯基或萘基上的取代基是1~3个选自C1~C6烷基、苯基和苄基的取代基;氟离子催化剂是四烷基氟化铵或其结晶水合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a)的手性辅基(III)为(S)-4-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮或(S)-4-苄基-2-噁唑烷酮。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b)的手性催化剂为(R)-2-甲基-CBS-噁唑硼烷,还原剂为硼烷及其醚类复合物。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c)中的硅烷基保护剂为选自三甲基氯硅烷、三乙基氯硅烷、三异丙基氯硅烷、叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷、三丁基硅基氯硅烷、三氟甲烷磺酸三甲基硅酯或三氟甲烷磺酸叔丁基二甲基硅酯中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c)中的Pg为甲基硅基、三乙基硅基、三异丙基硅基,叔丁基二甲基硅基或三丁基硅基。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c)中的硅烷基保护剂的用量1.05~1.1摩尔当量。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c)中化合物(VI)与亚胺(VII)加成的温度为为零下35℃~零下15℃。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c)中的中重结晶溶剂为甲苯、乙酸乙酯、正庚烷或其混合物。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤d)中的酰化试剂为选自乙酸酐、乙酰氯、丙酸酐、丙酰氯、异丁酰氯、异丁酸酐、苯甲酰氯或苯甲酸酐中的一种。
  10. 一种光学纯的化合物(VIII)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    1)手性醇(V)和硅烷基保护剂反应,得到醇羟基被硅烷基保护的化合物(VI);
    2)化合物(VI)与路易斯酸在叔胺的存在下进行烯醇化得到烯醇盐;
    3)步骤2)得到的烯醇盐与亚胺(VII)加成,脱除硅烷基保护基后得到含有化合物(VIII)及其非对映体(IX)的混合物;
    4)经溶剂将含有化合物(VIII)及其非对映体(IX)的混合物重结晶得到光学纯的化合物(VIII);
    反应式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2015074369-appb-100008
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