WO2015151812A1 - 蛍光分析器 - Google Patents
蛍光分析器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015151812A1 WO2015151812A1 PCT/JP2015/058022 JP2015058022W WO2015151812A1 WO 2015151812 A1 WO2015151812 A1 WO 2015151812A1 JP 2015058022 W JP2015058022 W JP 2015058022W WO 2015151812 A1 WO2015151812 A1 WO 2015151812A1
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- fluorescence
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- fluorescence analyzer
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorescence analyzer used for analysis of nucleic acids and proteins.
- capillary electrophoresis apparatus is mainly used for determining the base sequence and base length of DNA.
- capillary electrophoresis a thin tube called a capillary is filled with an electrophoresis medium such as a gel, and a sample DNA fragment is migrated in the capillary. Then, the length of the DNA fragment is examined by measuring the time required for the sample to migrate by a fixed distance (usually from the end of the capillary to the end).
- Each sample, that is, each DNA fragment is labeled with a fluorescent dye, and the fluorescent signal of the migrated sample is detected by an optical detector placed at the end of the capillary.
- One of the methods for irradiating a plurality of capillaries with laser light is a multi-focus method described in Patent Document 1.
- laser light is irradiated to capillaries positioned at one or both ends of a capillary array composed of a plurality of capillaries arranged on a flat substrate.
- the irradiated laser light propagates one after another through adjacent capillaries and traverses the capillary array.
- Light emission generated in the capillary array is detected by a photodetector.
- a sample containing DNA labeled with a fluorescent dye is introduced into a capillary and irradiated with laser light so as to propagate through a plurality of capillaries arranged in a row.
- the fluorescence-labeled DNA emits fluorescence by the laser beam irradiated to the capillary.
- DNA analysis of the sample introduced into each capillary can be performed. The same applies to the analysis of proteins and the like.
- the fluorescence of each fluorescent dye obtained by irradiating the capillary end portion with laser light of a specific wavelength is separated into wavelength components by a diffraction grating, and images in the spatial direction and the wavelength direction are converted into two components such as a CCD.
- Detect with dimension detector An image captured by the detector is stored as spectral data in a specific capillary and used for data analysis.
- a fluorescence spectrometer as described in Patent Document 2 performs analysis by continuously dispersing the acquired fluorescence using a diffraction grating and measuring a spectrum (actually, discrete for each pixel).
- the capillary electrophoresis apparatus described above is one of them.
- the main fluorescence detector conventionally used detects fluorescence with one detector.
- the dynamic range and detection range depend on the excitation efficiency of the fluorescent sample, the NA of the camera lens, and the performance of the two-dimensional detector itself.
- a method is used in which a beam splitter or a filter is provided in the middle of the optical path to divide the detection image, and a plurality of images having different fluorescence intensities are acquired by a plurality of detectors.
- a plurality of expensive detectors are required, there are disadvantages such as an increase in apparatus cost and an increase in the size of the detection unit.
- the fluorescence intensity depends on the irradiation detection time and the irradiation intensity. For this reason, data with different intensities can be acquired by controlling the parameters on the irradiation side. Therefore, a method has also been proposed in which data having different fluorescence intensities is acquired by changing the irradiation time or the detection time during analysis using a single detector.
- the number of measurement points per unit time decreases, and the number of sampling points necessary for data acquisition may be insufficient.
- the sample concentration is limited within the dynamic range of the apparatus.
- analysis is performed after taking a long time for purification of the sample and adjusting the sample concentration to be almost uniform. For example, after checking the concentration with RNA, it is set in an electrophoresis apparatus.
- one object image is divided into a plurality of images having different fluorescence intensities by an image dividing element, and the obtained plurality of images are different in the same detection plane.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an irradiation unit of an electrophoresis apparatus used in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fluorescence analyzer of an electrophoresis apparatus used in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of a fluorescence analyzer used in Example 1.
- FIG. which shows the ray tracing by the conventional imaging system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an irradiation unit of an electrophoresis apparatus used in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fluorescence analyzer of an electrophoresis apparatus used in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of a flu
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic diagram of an image dividing prism used in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of an image dividing prism used in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an image division effect according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of a fluorescence analyzer used in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of a fluorescence analyzer used in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of a fluorescence analyzer used in Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of a fluorescence analyzer used in Example 4.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of a fluorescence analyzer used in Example 4.
- each of the fluorescence analyzers according to the respective embodiments, one object image is divided into a plurality of images having different fluorescence intensities by an image dividing element, and the obtained plurality of images are simultaneously detected in different regions within the same detection plane.
- the fluorescence analyzer uses a combination of the above-described image dividing element and spectroscopic element.
- Both fluorescence analyzers simultaneously measure a plurality of signals having different fluorescence intensities for the same sample, so that the dynamic range can be apparently increased. For example, it is possible to acquire two types of images having different signal strengths by 10 times, and samples having different concentrations by 10 times can be analyzed. For example, in the case of a sample having a high concentration, the fluorescence intensity is strong, and the image on the detector may be saturated and an accurate analysis may not be performed. In that case, the analysis is performed using the image on the side where the fluorescence intensity is weak. For samples with a low concentration, analyze using images with strong fluorescence intensity. Even if the concentration is different by 10 times, the analysis can be performed by using the two strong and weak data on the detector.
- the fluorescence detector is an optical filter for separating excitation light and fluorescence, a condensing lens for acquiring an image, a spectroscopic element (diffraction grating, prism, optical filter) for separating fluorescence, and for dividing an image.
- Optical elements priss, beam splitters
- an imaging lens and a two-dimensional detector (CCD, CMOS, etc.) for acquiring a dispersed image as data.
- the optical filter is disposed between the object plane and the condenser lens and after the condenser lens. Further, the spectroscopic element for splitting the fluorescence and the optical element for dividing the image are arranged on the collimated optical path after the condenser lens.
- the imaging lens is disposed in front of the optical path after the spectral and image division and the two-dimensional detector.
- an image dividing element for example, a prism
- the structure of an image dividing element is composed of a plane perpendicular to the optical axis (optical path) of collimated fluorescence and the same number of planes as the number of dividing the optical path. .
- These image dividing planes are inclined by several to tens of degrees from a plane parallel to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the collimated fluorescence. For example, it is inclined in the range of 1 ° to less than 20 °. Therefore, the optical axis changes on the image division plane of the prism.
- An image is divided by generating a plurality of fluorescent light paths by the number of image dividing planes.
- the fluorescence intensity of the divided image can be controlled.
- the fluorescence intensity of each image can be controlled by changing the ratio of the areas of the divided surfaces.
- an image dividing element (for example, a beam splitter) having another structure is a flat plate, and divides the optical path by transmission and reflection. The ratio of transmission and reflection can be controlled.
- the image dividing element is arranged at an angle of 45 ° with the optical axis of the collimated fluorescence. Since the transmitted optical axis and the reflected optical axis have a large angle of 90 °, a total reflection mirror is disposed on the transmitted optical path or the reflected optical path, and the divided optical paths are made substantially parallel.
- the capillary or the like is irradiated with laser light to excite the fluorescent dye in the sample.
- the excited fluorescence is transmitted through the fluorescence necessary for analysis while preventing the excitation light component with an optical filter or the like, condensed with a lens, and collimated.
- Unnecessary components are again removed from the collimated fluorescence with an optical filter, and spectrally separated with a diffraction grating.
- the light separated by the diffraction grating is divided into zero-order light, first-order light, and second-order light components.
- the image dividing element is arranged on the optical path of the primary light having the highest signal intensity after the spectroscopy.
- the light after the diffraction grating is also kept in a collimated state.
- the optical axis changes through a prism surface perpendicular to the optical axis, not parallel to the surface, but inclined several degrees from the parallel surface.
- Light is refracted by Snell's law on the prism-air interface.
- new optical paths are generated as many as the number of the surfaces, and one image incident on the prism is divided to form a plurality of images.
- the image can be divided into images having different signal intensities.
- the spectrum and a plurality of images that is, fluorescence divided into a plurality of optical paths are imaged on a two-dimensional detector using a camera lens or the like.
- a plurality of divided objects and a dispersed image are formed on the two-dimensional detector.
- the signal intensity of image formation is determined depending on the amount of light on the dividing surface.
- the detector is not limited to a two-dimensional detector, and a one-dimensional detector is used depending on the combination of an image dividing element and a spectroscopic element to be used.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a gene analyzer using a capillary electrophoresis apparatus for fluorescence detection. This apparatus configuration is common to the embodiments described later.
- the gene analyzer is an example of a fluorescence analyzer.
- the gene analysis apparatus 100 includes a data analysis apparatus 128 and an electrophoresis apparatus 101.
- the electrophoresis apparatus 101 includes a detection unit 116 for optically detecting a sample, a thermostatic chamber 118 for keeping the capillary at a constant temperature, a transporter 125 for transporting various containers to the capillary cathode end, and a high voltage across the capillary.
- a high voltage power source 104 for applying current, a first ammeter 105 for detecting current generated from the high voltage power source, a second ammeter 112 for detecting current flowing through the anode side electrode, and one or a plurality of capillaries 102
- the configured capillary array 117 includes a pump mechanism 103 for injecting a polymer into the capillaries.
- the capillary array 117 is an exchange member including a plurality of capillaries (for example, four), and includes a load header 129, a detection unit 116, and a capillary head.
- the capillary array 117 is replaced and the length of the capillary 102 is adjusted.
- the capillary is damaged or quality is deteriorated, it is replaced with a new capillary array.
- the capillary 102 is composed of a glass tube having an inner diameter of several tens to several hundreds of microns and an outer diameter of several hundreds of microns, and the surface is coated with polyimide to improve the strength.
- the light irradiation portion irradiated with the laser light has a structure in which the polyimide coating is removed so that internal light emission is likely to leak to the outside.
- the inside of the capillary 102 is filled with a separation medium for giving a migration speed difference during electrophoresis.
- the separation medium has both fluidity and non-fluidity, a fluid polymer is used in this embodiment.
- the detection unit 116 is a member that acquires information depending on the sample, and is irradiated with excitation light and emits light having a wavelength depending on the sample.
- the vicinity of the light irradiation part of the four capillaries is arrayed and fixed on the optical flat plane with an accuracy of several microns in height.
- two substantially coaxial laser beams are irradiated from both sides and are continuously transmitted through all the light irradiation units. By this laser light, information light (fluorescence having a wavelength depending on the sample) is generated from the sample and emitted from the light irradiation unit to the outside. This information light is detected by the optical detector 115 to analyze the sample.
- the capillary cathode end 127 is fixed through a metal hollow electrode 126, and the capillary tip protrudes from the hollow electrode 126 by about 0.5 mm. Further, all the hollow electrodes provided for each capillary are integrally attached to the load header 129. Further, all the hollow electrodes 126 are electrically connected to the high-voltage power supply 104 mounted on the apparatus main body, and operate as cathode electrodes when it is necessary to apply a voltage such as electrophoresis or sample introduction.
- the capillary end (the other end) opposite to the capillary cathode end 127 is bundled into one by a capillary head, and is attached to and detached from the block 107 through the capillary head while keeping the bundle in a pressure-proof manner.
- a syringe 106 is connected to one of the flow paths in the block 107, and the syringe 106 fills the capillary with a new polymer from the other end side. Refilling of the polymer in the capillary is performed for each measurement in order to improve the measurement performance.
- the pump mechanism 103 includes a syringe 106 and a mechanism system for pressurizing the syringe 106.
- the block 107 is a connection part for communicating the syringe 106, the capillary array 117, the anode buffer container 110, and the polymer container 109.
- the optical detection unit includes a light source 114 for irradiating the detection unit 116 and an optical detector 115 for detecting light emission in the detection unit 116. When the sample in the capillary separated by electrophoresis is detected, the light source 114 irradiates the light irradiation part of the capillary, and the optical detector 115 detects light emission from the light irradiation part.
- the thermostat 118 is covered with a heat insulating material in order to keep the thermostat at a constant temperature, and the temperature is controlled by the heating / cooling mechanism 120. Further, the fan 119 circulates and stirs the air in the thermostatic chamber, and keeps the temperature of the capillary array 117 uniform and constant in position.
- the conveyor 125 includes three electric motors and a linear actuator, and is movable in three axes in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, and the depth direction.
- at least one or more containers can be placed on the moving stage 130 of the transporter 125. Further, the moving stage 130 is provided with an electric grip 131 so that each container can be grasped and released.
- the transporting device 125 can transport the cathode buffer container 121, the cleaning container 122, the waste liquid container 123, and the sample container 124 to the cathode end, if necessary, using the grip 131. Unnecessary containers are stored in a predetermined container in the apparatus.
- the electrophoresis apparatus 101 is used in a state where it is connected to the data analysis apparatus 128 with a communication cable.
- the operator can control the functions of the apparatus by the data analysis apparatus 128 and can exchange data detected by the detector in the apparatus.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a configuration in the vicinity of the optical system laser irradiation unit of the gene analyzer 100 and the detection unit of the capillary array 117, and a laser beam introduction path.
- Laser shutters, filters, and the like are well-known matters in this field, and are not a direct object of the present invention.
- a figure is a schematic side view of a laser irradiation part
- a figure is a schematic front view. However, the arrangement relationship in the diagrams (a) and (b) does not represent the arrangement relationship in the drawing.
- a capillary array has four capillaries 102 arranged and fixed on a reference base 209.
- a plane formed by the central axes of the four capillaries 102 on the reference base 209 and a virtual plane obtained by extending the plane to the entire space are referred to as a capillary array plane.
- An imaginary straight line that lies in the capillary array plane and is perpendicular to the four capillary axes and passes through the center of the detector is hereinafter referred to as an irradiation optical axis basic axis 210.
- the laser beam 202 introduced from both ends of the capillary array is parallel to the capillary array plane and coaxial with the irradiation optical axis basic axis 210.
- the capillary 102 is a quartz glass tube covered with a polymer thin film (polyimide). However, in the detection part, the polymer film is removed and the quartz is exposed.
- the inner diameter / outer diameter of the quartz tube is 50/320 ⁇ m, and the outer diameter of the capillary including the polymer thin film is 363 ⁇ m.
- DNA is detected by irradiating the fluorescence detection part (part where quartz is exposed) of the capillary array with laser light 202 from one side surface of the array and observing the fluorescence emitted from the detection part.
- the capillary 102 located at the end of the capillary array and into which the laser is introduced is hereinafter referred to as a first capillary.
- the distance between the laser condensing lens 206 and the first capillary is 62 mm, and the laser light introduced into the first capillary propagates one after another to adjacent capillaries and crosses the four capillaries.
- Wavelength plates ( ⁇ / 4) 207 are arranged at both end positions of the capillary array in order to change the linearly polarized light of the laser light 202 into circularly polarized light before the laser light 202 reaches the capillary 102.
- the laser beam 202 that has been circularly polarized by the one wavelength plate 207 is again made linearly polarized by the other wavelength plate 207.
- the linear deflection direction of the linear deflection that has passed through the wave plate 207 twice is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the linear polarization direction before being introduced into the first wave plate 207.
- a polarizer 204 is disposed immediately after the solid-state laser 201 as a countermeasure against return light.
- the polarizer 204 is an optical element that transmits only polarized light in one direction, such as a polarizing plate or a polarized cube. Since the laser beam that has passed through the wave plate 207 twice is blocked by the polarizer 204, it does not reach the light source.
- a plurality of capillaries 102 are arranged and fixed on a ceramic reference base 209 that is a flat surface to form a capillary array.
- a ceramic reference base 209 that is a flat surface to form a capillary array.
- four capillaries 102 are arranged on a capillary holding surface, held down by a silicon flat mask 301, and fixed with an adhesive or the like to form a capillary array.
- a plane formed by the central axes of the four capillaries on the reference base 209 and a virtual plane obtained by extending the plane to the entire space are called capillary array planes.
- a straight line perpendicular to the irradiation optical axis basic axis 210 and also perpendicular to the capillary array plane is referred to as a detection optical axis basic axis 310.
- Laser light 202 introduced from both ends of the capillary array is parallel to the capillary array plane and coaxial with the irradiation optical axis basic axis 210.
- Each capillary 102 is a quartz glass tube covered with a polymer thin film, but the laser irradiation section 302 (detection site) has a polymer film removed and quartz is exposed. .
- FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a cross section obtained by cutting a part of the detection unit along a plane orthogonal to the capillary.
- the laser beam 202 first irradiates the endmost capillary 102, and after passing through it, irradiates the next capillary 102.
- the laser beam 202 passes through the plurality of capillaries one after another and exits from the capillary 102 at the opposite end. Since the capillary 102 has a cylindrical shape and is filled with a polymer, the capillary 102 provides a light collecting function similar to that of a convex lens. Thereby, the divergence of the laser beam 202 is suppressed.
- the fluorescence detector 303 is arranged on the detection optical axis basic axis 310 and can efficiently collect the fluorescence of four samples simultaneously. That is, all samples can be detected simultaneously while maintaining high sensitivity.
- FIG. 4 shows a detailed configuration of the fluorescence detector 303.
- 4A shows a view on the surface formed by the axis of the capillary 102 and the detection optical axis basic axis 310
- FIG. 4B shows a side view thereof, that is, the irradiation optical axis basic axis 210.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram on a plane formed by the detection optical axis basic axis 310.
- FIG. 5B the arrangement of the optical system after the diffraction grating 405 is modified for easy explanation.
- the fluorescence detector 303 includes a first optical filter 402 and a second optical filter 404 for separating excitation light and fluorescence, a condensing lens 403 for acquiring an image, a diffraction grating 405 for separating fluorescence.
- a thin prism 409 for dividing the image, an imaging lens 406 for forming the image, and a two-dimensional detector 407 (CCD, CMOS, etc.) for acquiring the dispersed image as data are configured.
- the capillary 102 is irradiated with a laser beam 202 to excite the fluorescent dye in the sample.
- the first optical filter 402, the condensing lens 403, the second optical filter 404, and the diffraction grating 405 are disposed on the detection optical axis basic axis 310.
- the light emitted from the capillary 102 is separated into excitation light and a necessary fluorescent component by the first optical filter 402, and condensed and collimated by the condenser lens 403.
- the collimated fluorescence is again incident on the second optical filter 404, and unnecessary components are removed.
- the fluorescence from which unnecessary components have been removed is separated by the diffraction grating 405.
- the light separated by the diffraction grating 405 is divided into zero-order light, first-order light, and second-order light components.
- the optical path of the primary light having the highest signal intensity after the spectroscopy is the detection optical axis 410 after the spectroscopy, and the thin prism 409 that is an image dividing element, the imaging lens 406 that forms an image,
- a two-dimensional detector 407 (CCD, CMOS, etc.) for acquiring a spectral image as data is arranged.
- the structure of the thin prism 409 is composed of a plane perpendicular to the collimated fluorescence optical axis (optical path) -detecting optical axis basic axis 310 and the same number of planes as the number of optical paths divided. These image dividing surfaces are inclined by several to tens of degrees from a surface parallel to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the collimated fluorescence (described later in FIG. 6). Therefore, the optical axis changes on the image dividing surface of the thin prism 409. In this embodiment, the image is divided by having two image dividing planes having the same area and generating two fluorescent light paths 411 and 412.
- the optical axis changes through a plane that passes through a prism surface perpendicular to the optical axis, is not parallel to the surface, but is inclined by several degrees from the parallel surface.
- the light is refracted by Snell's law on the prism / air interface.
- the same number of new optical paths are generated, and one image incident on the prism is divided to form a plurality of images.
- a dielectric film or a vapor deposition film is formed on each divided surface, and the fluorescence intensity of the divided image can be controlled by changing the transmittance.
- a thin prism 409 having an image dividing surface with a transmittance of 90% and an image dividing surface with a transmittance of 10% is disposed.
- the spectrum and the fluorescence divided into a plurality of images are imaged on the two-dimensional detector 407 using the imaging lens 406.
- a plurality of regions constituting the same detection surface of the two-dimensional detector 407 a plurality of object images obtained by dividing a specific spectrum (primary light) are formed.
- the signal intensity of the object image to be formed is determined depending on the light quantity of the dividing surface.
- Fluorescence passing through the fluorescent light path 411 is transmitted through the image division plane having a transmittance of 90%, and forms a first image (strong) having a strong signal intensity on the two-dimensional detector 407. Since the fluorescence passing through the fluorescent light path 412 is transmitted through the image division plane having a transmittance of 10%, a second image (weak) having a low signal intensity is formed on the two-dimensional detector 407.
- the signal intensity ratio between the first image and the second image is approximately 9: 1 which is the same as the transmittance ratio. That is, two types of data of the first image (strong) and the second image (weak) are simultaneously acquired on the two-dimensional detector 407.
- wavelength calibration is performed every time the capillary is replaced (500).
- a known DNA sample calibrated from a dye group to be analyzed for example, four color fluorescent dyes, is migrated to obtain spectral data serving as a reference.
- the basic procedure of electrophoretic analysis can be roughly divided into analysis by preliminary preparation, loading of the electrophoresis medium (503), preliminary electrophoresis (506), sample introduction (509), and electrophoresis (512).
- preparation before starting electrophoresis will be described.
- the operator sets the following in the device before starting the measurement. That is, a cathode buffer container 121 containing a buffer solution, a washing container 122 containing pure water for capillary washing, a waste liquid container 123 for discharging the polymer in the capillary, a polymer container 109 containing a polymer as a separation medium, A sample container 124 containing a sample to be measured is set.
- the anode buffer container 110 is filled with a buffer enough to immerse both the electrode (GND) 111 and the communication pipe.
- As the buffer solution an electrolyte solution commercially available for electrophoresis from each company is used.
- a sample to be analyzed is dispensed into the well of the sample container 124.
- the sample is, for example, a DNA PCR product.
- a cleaning solution for cleaning the capillary cathode end 127 is dispensed into the cleaning container 122.
- the cleaning solution is pure water, for example.
- a separation medium for electrophoresis of the sample is injected into the syringe 106.
- the electrophoresis medium is, for example, a polyacrylamide separation gel (hereinafter referred to as a polymer) commercially available for electrophoresis from various companies.
- samples set in the sample container 124 include positive samples, negative controls, and allelic ladders in addition to the actual DNA samples to be analyzed, which are electrophoresed in different capillaries.
- the positive control is, for example, a PCR product containing known DNA, and is a sample for a control experiment for confirming that DNA is correctly amplified by PCR.
- the negative control is a PCR product that does not contain DNA, and is a sample for a control experiment for confirming that the PCR amplification product does not contain contamination such as operator DNA or dust.
- the cathode buffer container 121 fills the buffer so that the hollow electrode 126 and the capillary cathode end 127 are sufficiently immersed. If the measurement is started with the buffer liquid amount insufficient or the cathode buffer container 121 is empty, there is a risk that a discharge will occur between the negative electrode with a high potential and another with a low potential when a high voltage is applied. It is. Furthermore, it is desirable that both buffer levels are equal. This is to prevent the polymer in the capillary from moving due to the pressure due to the height difference. In addition, all of the flow paths used for electrophoresis or the flow paths used to transport the polymer to the flow paths need to be filled with the polymer before starting the measurement.
- the flow path is filled with a polymer.
- the operator operates the pump mechanism of the device or manually operates the syringe, etc. Is replaced with a polymer. Thereafter, the operator visually confirms that there are no remaining bubbles or foreign matter in the flow path. Then, after the preliminary preparation is completed, the operator operates the apparatus and starts analysis.
- the analysis is an analysis in which a high voltage is applied to the electrophoresis path.
- the apparatus starts analysis in response to a command from the data analysis apparatus 128 (501).
- the loading of the electrophoresis medium is a procedure for filling the capillary 102 with a new electrophoresis medium and forming a migration path.
- the waste container 123 is carried directly below the load header 129 by the transport device 125 so that the used migration medium discharged from the capillary cathode end 527 can be received. Then, the syringe 106 is driven to fill the capillary 102 with a new electrophoresis medium, and the used electrophoresis medium is discarded. Finally, the capillary cathode end 127 is immersed in the cleaning solution in the cleaning container 122, and the capillary cathode end 127 soiled with the electrophoresis medium is cleaned.
- the transporter 125 transports the cleaning container 122 to the capillary cathode end 127 and performs cleaning by immersing the capillary cathode end 127 in pure water in the cleaning container (504). .
- the transporting device 125 transports the cathode buffer container 121 to the capillary cathode end 127 (505).
- preliminary electrophoresis (506) is performed. This step may be performed automatically or sequentially by transmitting a control signal from the data analysis device 128.
- a predetermined voltage is applied to start preliminary electrophoresis (506).
- Preliminary electrophoresis is intended to bring the state of the polymer in the capillary into a state suitable for analysis prior to the original analysis step of performing electrophoresis from sample introduction.
- a voltage of several to several tens of kilovolts is usually applied for several to several tens of minutes.
- the capillary cathode end 127 is again washed with the washing container (507), and then the sample container 124 is transported to the capillary cathode end (508).
- a voltage of about several kilovolts is applied to the capillary cathode end 127 in the sample liquid stored in the sample container 124, an electric field is generated between the sample liquid and the anode side electrode. This electric field introduces the sample in the sample liquid into the capillary (509).
- the capillary cathode end 127 is washed with a washing container (510), and then the cathode buffer container 121 is conveyed again to the capillary cathode end 127 (511). Then, electrophoresis is started by applying a predetermined voltage (512).
- electrophoresis (512) is performed. This step may be performed automatically or sequentially by transmitting a control signal from the data analysis device 128. Electrophoresis (512) is to impart mobility to the sample in the capillary by the action of the electric field generated between the cathode and anode buffer, and to separate the sample by the difference in mobility depending on the nature of the sample.
- electrophoresis (512) in the present embodiment first, the capillary cathode end 127 is immersed in the buffer solution in the cathode buffer container 121 by the carrier 125 to form a current path.
- a high voltage of about 15 kV is applied to the energization path by the high-voltage power source 104 to generate an electric field in the migration path. Due to the generated electric field, each sample component in the migration path moves to the detection unit 116 at a speed depending on the property of each sample component. That is, the sample components are separated by the difference in moving speed. And it detects in order from the sample component which reached
- the detection unit 116 is reached in order from the DNA having the shorter base length.
- a fluorescent dye depending on the terminal base sequence is attached to each DNA.
- the luminance of only a partial area in the image data may be transmitted instead of the image data.
- the luminance values only at the wavelength positions at regular intervals may be transmitted for each capillary.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C show the principle of splitting the strong and weak images and the image splitting prism structure.
- FIGS. 6A to 6B the effect of spectroscopy by the diffraction grating 405 is omitted, and only an imaging system is shown.
- FIG. 6A shows an imaging system using a fluorescence spectrometer according to the prior art. Capillary 102 is arrayed, and fluorescence ray trace 601 collimated by second condenser lens 404 A forms one image 602 on two-dimensional detector 407 by imaging lens 406. In the case of a one-to-one imaging system, the same image as the object image is formed.
- FIG. 6B shows ray tracing in this example.
- an image division prism 409 is arranged in addition to the configuration of the conventional fluorescence spectrometer.
- the fluorescence after passing through the image dividing prism 409 is refracted at the interface between the image dividing surface of the image dividing prism 409 and air. Since there are two split planes, the light beam from one point is refracted in two directions, resulting in two ray traces 603 and 604.
- Two images 605 and 606 are formed by the imaging lens 406, respectively.
- f1 focal length of condensing lens
- f2 focal length of imaging lens
- Y Image height (object plane) (half of array width)
- Y ' Image height (imaging plane)
- Y ′ the image height (imaging plane) Y ′ is calculated.
- Y ' is given by the following equation.
- Y ' tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ f2 / f1 ⁇ f2
- ⁇ 1 tan -1 (Y / f1)
- n ⁇ sin ⁇ '2 sin ⁇ 1
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the image dividing prism 409 can be obtained from the original object image Y so as to satisfy these expressions (1) and (2).
- FIG. 7 shows an outline of the image dividing prism 409.
- the fluorescence collimated by the condenser lens 403 enters from the incident surface shown in the figure.
- the image dividing prism 409 is configured with two planes inclined by an angle ⁇ from a plane parallel to the incident plane as a reference plane.
- the apex angle ⁇ of the image dividing prism 409 has a characteristic of ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
- the material of the image division prism 409 is, for example, BK7 (refractive index 1.517).
- FIG. 8 shows a specific example of the image dividing prism 409.
- the pitch of the capillaries 102 is equal to the outer diameter of the capillary and is 363 ⁇ m
- the image height from the center is The (object surface) is half of 1.5 mm.
- the focal lengths of the condenser lens 403 and the imaging lens 406 are 50 mm
- the incident angle ⁇ 1 1.72 °
- the emission angle ⁇ 2 6.47 °. Since the image height on the object side is 6.7 mm, which is sufficiently larger than the capillary width of 2.96 mm, each divided image can be acquired on the detector.
- the first image and the second image are shifted by the distance between the capillaries, and the first image is moved between the capillaries. It is also possible to form and image a capillary image of two images.
- FIG. 9A shows a ray tracing diagram in the case where the inclination angle ⁇ of the image dividing prism 409 is 15 ° and a state of image formation on the two-dimensional detector.
- the ray tracing all capillaries 901
- three rays are each expressed by a subtle difference in angle.
- the first image is divided into ray tracing (first capillary) 902 to (second capillary) 904.
- FIG. 9B shows a ray tracing diagram and an image formation state on the two-dimensional detector when the inclination angle ⁇ of the image dividing prism 409 is 5 °.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is an accurate value for the three capillaries 102, and the first image and the second image are obtained almost adjacent to each other on the two-dimensional detector. For this reason, in the case of this example, when the inclination angle ⁇ of the image dividing prism 409 is set to 5 °, there is an effect that the detector region can be used without waste.
- FIG. 10A shows an example of a first image (strong) and a second image (weak) formed on the two-dimensional detector.
- the vertical axis indicates the spatial direction of the capillary, that is, the capillary number, and the horizontal axis chromatic dispersion direction.
- point A for example, the second capillary, wavelength 600 nm
- FIG. 10B shows time-series data of each point A in the first image and the second image.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents signal intensity.
- the signal intensity may exceed the saturation limit value (“12” in the figure), and an accurate value may not be detected. This is the case indicated by the “saturated state of signal value” in the first image. Therefore, focusing on the second image, since the data is acquired with the signal intensity reduced in the first place, the saturation limit value is not exceeded and the data of the same DNA fragment can be taken. There is no need to perform the analysis again, and the analysis can be performed efficiently without waste of samples and analysis costs. By properly using the first image and the second image, it is possible to analyze samples having different densities on one side.
- the signal intensity ratio between the first image and the second image follows the transmittance of each divided surface of the image dividing prism. By setting the transmittance to 1:10 or the like, it is possible to deal with samples having a concentration 10 times different. Which of the first image and the second image is used as the normal mode can be determined for each apparatus system, and in this embodiment, either data can be acquired. It is also possible for the user to select when performing analysis by providing a function for the user to check in advance, such as displaying the first image and the second image in time series on the operation screen (not shown). It is.
- one detector apparently performs two types of analysis.
- the analysis is performed a plurality of times while changing the irradiation detection time and the irradiation intensity.
- the fluorescence analyzer according to the present embodiment has a function as if it had two detectors having the same components and the same performance. That is, the dynamic range of the apparatus is apparently expanded while maintaining the S / N ratio and sensitivity that can be analyzed.
- the fluorescence detector according to the present embodiment can simultaneously acquire a plurality of detected images with a single detector, it is possible to provide a small and low-priced device having a very wide detection range.
- the dynamic range can be expanded 10 times or more compared to the conventional method.
- the number of measurement points can be maintained and high-precision analysis can be performed.
- Example 2 Subsequently, a second embodiment of a fluorescence analyzer suitable for use in a capillary electrophoresis apparatus will be described.
- the thin prism 409 was used as an image dividing element.
- the image division plane of the prism in Example 1 has an equal area (see FIG. 4), and the fluorescence intensity of the divided image was controlled by changing the transmittance.
- vapor-depositing a dielectric multilayer film having different characteristics on the image division plane has the following disadvantages. 1) It is expensive because it undergoes a plurality of vapor deposition steps in production. 2) Lowering the transmittance wastes the original condensed light quantity.
- Example 2 a prism that controls the fluorescence intensity by the area ratio of the image dividing plane is used.
- FIG. 11 shows a detailed configuration of the fluorescence detector 303 used in this embodiment.
- the main configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, but an image dividing prism 1109 having image dividing surfaces with different area ratios is used as an optical element for image division.
- the fluorescence dispersed by the diffraction grating 405 is passed through an image division prism 1109 having a plurality of image division planes having different areas, and is divided into a plurality of images having different signal intensities according to the difference in the area of passage.
- the optical axis is refracted at the boundary surface between the image dividing surface and the air, so that the direction of the fluorescent light changes.
- the amount of light proportional to the area of the image dividing plane is the fluorescence intensity at the time of image formation. That is, the signal intensity detected by the two-dimensional detector 407 is determined according to the area ratio of the image division plane.
- Example 3 a third embodiment of a fluorescence analyzer suitable for use in a capillary electrophoresis apparatus will be described.
- a thin prism is used as an image dividing element.
- the prism is one of the wavelength dispersion elements, and has a function of dispersing the condensed fluorescent component for each wavelength, like the diffraction grating. For this reason, the influence of wavelength dispersion by the prism is somewhat generated in the image division direction. Depending on the application and the type of detection image, minute chromatic dispersion may affect the analysis.
- the image dividing element is composed of a beam splitter (half mirror) and a total reflection mirror. Since image division is performed without using a prism, there is no influence of wavelength dispersion caused by the image division prism as in the first and second embodiments.
- Example 3 The configuration of the gene analyzing apparatus according to Example 3 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.
- a combined structure of an image division optical element for example, a half mirror or a beam splitter
- a beam splitter 1209 is used as the image dividing optical element.
- the beam splitter 1209 and the total reflection mirror 1210 are disposed between the condenser lens 403 and the second optical filter 404. As shown in FIG. 12, the beam splitter 1209 is approximately 45 ° with respect to the detection optical axis basic axis 310, and the total reflection mirror 1210 is 45 ° or less (for example, 43 to 44 °) with respect to the detection optical axis basic axis 310. To place.
- the beam splitter 1209 is a flat optical element and divides the optical path into two by transmission and reflection. That is, the transmittance (or reflectance) is controlled, and incident light is divided into two lights at a predetermined division ratio. At the time of division, the transmission and reflection characteristics are not different depending on the wavelength as in a dichroic mirror, but the transmission and reflectance are uniquely determined in a certain wavelength region.
- types of polarization there are a non-polarization type, a non-polarization type, and a polarization type. In this embodiment, the non-polarization type including the polarization state of incident light is used.
- Fluorescence at the light emitting point 401 is collimated by the condenser lens 403 and enters the beam splitter 1209 at an incident angle of 45 °.
- the transmittance: reflectance of the beam splitter 1209 is 90%: 10%
- 90% of the collected light amount is transmitted and 10% is reflected.
- Ninety percent of the light is parallel to the detection optical axis basic axis 310, as shown by a fluorescent light path (strong) 411, dispersed by the diffraction grating 405, and imaged on the two-dimensional detector 407.
- 10% of the reflected light is returned almost parallel to the detection optical axis basic axis 310 by the total reflection mirror 1210 as indicated by a fluorescent light path (weak) 412.
- the total reflection mirror 1210 is disposed at 45 ° or less (eg, 43 to 44 °) with respect to the detection optical axis basic axis 310, and the fluorescent light path (weak) 412 is relative to the detection optical axis basic axis 310.
- the incident light is not completely parallel but has an angle of 1 to 2 °.
- the image is formed on the two-dimensional detector 407 by the imaging lens 406 while having an angle with the detection optical axis basic axis 310.
- the image is formed at a position different from the image by the fluorescent light path (strong) 411, two images are formed on the two-dimensional detector 407.
- the signal intensity of the image by the fluorescent light path (strong) 411 on which 90% of the collected light amount forms an image is high, and the signal intensity by the fluorescent light path (weak) 412 is low.
- Each signal intensity ratio is 9: 1 according to the transmittance: reflectance of the beam splitter 1209 of 90%: 10%. Similar to the first embodiment, two types of data can be acquired.
- the beam splitter 1209 may be a cube type beam splitter. Since there is no refraction of transmitted light and the incident angle condition is vertical incidence, there is no need to make incidence at 45 ° unlike a plate type, and there is an advantage that alignment work becomes easy.
- the fluorescence condensed by the condenser lens 403 by the beam splitter 1209 is divided into two, and one of the fluorescence is directly collected by the two-dimensional detector 407. Then, the other fluorescence is reflected by the total reflection mirror 1210 and then condensed on the two-dimensional detector 407. Since the condensing image is divided into two by the beam splitter 1209, wavelength dispersion does not occur.
- the arrangement position of the optical system composed of the beam splitter 1209 and the total reflection mirror 1210 is not limited to the arrangement position shown in FIG.
- an optical system including a beam splitter 1209 and a total reflection mirror 1210 may be disposed on the post-spectral detection optical axis 410 between the diffraction grating 405 and the imaging lens 406.
- the beam splitter 1209 is arranged at approximately 45 ° with respect to the post-spectral detection optical axis 410.
- Total reflection mirror 1210 is arranged at 45 ° or less (for example, 43 ° to 44 °) with respect to post-spectral detection optical axis 410.
- Example 4 a fourth embodiment of a fluorescence analyzer suitable for use in a capillary electrophoresis apparatus will be described.
- the diffraction grating 405 is used as the wavelength dispersion element (spectral element).
- the diffraction grating 405 is not used.
- a filter that transmits only the most sensitive wavelength band for each fluorescent dye is switched at high speed, or an image sensor and a filter corresponding to each fluorescent dye are provided at the same time as the number of fluorescent dyes.
- a technique for imaging each fluorescent element is employed. The method of the present embodiment corresponds to sampling a spectrum at a sample position corresponding to each fluorescent dye.
- FIG. 14 shows a detailed configuration of the fluorescence detector 303 used in this embodiment.
- the fluorescence detector 303 in this embodiment includes a filter wheel 1301 that rotates at a high speed.
- the filter wheel 1301 includes a plurality of fluorescent filters 1302 that transmit only the wavelength band with the highest sensitivity corresponding to each fluorescent dye.
- the fluorescent filter 1302 is disposed perpendicular to the detection optical axis basic axis 310.
- image division is performed by the beam splitter 1209 and the total reflection mirror 1210.
- the divided fluorescence enters the fluorescence filter 1302, is dispersed according to the transmission characteristics of the fluorescence filter 1302 located on the optical path, and forms an image on the two-dimensional detector 407.
- a one-dimensional line detector can be employed instead of the two-dimensional detector. Further, since the detection area is narrow and no diffraction grating is used, it is not affected by image distortion or the like.
- the arrangement position of the optical system including the beam splitter 1209 and the total reflection mirror 1210 is not limited to the arrangement position shown in FIG.
- an optical system including a beam splitter 1209 and a total reflection mirror 1210 may be disposed on the post-spectral detection optical axis 410 between the filter wheel 1301 and the imaging lens 406.
- SYMBOLS 100 Gene analysis apparatus 101 ... Electrophoresis apparatus 102 ... Capillary 103 ... Pump mechanism 104 ... High voltage power supply 105 ... First ammeter 106 ... Syringe 107 ... Block 109 ... Polymer container 110 ... Anode buffer container 111 ... Electrode (GND) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 112 ... 2nd ammeter 113 ... Electric valve 114 ... Light source 115 ... Optical detector 116 ... Detection part 117 ... Capillary array 118 ... Constant temperature bath 119 ... Fan 120 ... Heating / cooling mechanism 121 ... Cathode buffer container 122 ... Cleaning container 123 ...
- Waste liquid Container 124 ... Sample container 125 ... Conveyer 126 ... Hollow electrode 127 ... Capillary cathode end 128 ... Data analysis device 129 ... Load header 130 ... Moving stage 131 ... Grip 201 ... Solid laser 202 ... Laser beam 203 ... Reflection mirror 204 ... Polarizer 205 ... Beam splitter 206 ... Laser condensing lens 207 ... Wave plate ( ⁇ / 4) 209 ... reference base 210 ... irradiation optical axis basic axis 301 ... flat plate mask 302 ... laser irradiation unit 303 ... fluorescence detector 310 ... detection optical axis basic axis 401 ... light emission point 402 ...
- first optical filter 403 condensing lens 404 ... Second optical filter 404A ... second condenser lens 405 ... diffraction grating 406 ... imaging lens 407 ... two-dimensional detector 409 ... thin prism (image division prism) 410: post-spectral detection optical axis 411: fluorescent light path (strong) 412 ... Fluorescent light path (weak) 601 ... Ray tracing according to the prior art 602 ... Imaging according to the prior art 603 ... First ray tracing 604 ... Second ray tracing 605 ... First imaging 606 ... Second imaging 901 ... Ray tracing (all capillaries) 902 ... Ray tracing (first capillary) 903 ...
Abstract
Description
図1は、キャピラリ電気泳動装置を蛍光検出に使用する遺伝子解析装置の構成例を示す。なお、この装置構成は、後述する各実施例についても共通である。遺伝子解析装置は、蛍光分析器の一例である。
キャピラリ102は、内径が数十~数百ミクロン、外径が数百ミクロンのガラス管で構成され、強度を向上させるために表面をポリイミドでコーティングしている。ただし、レーザ光が照射される光照射部は、内部の発光が外部に漏れやすいように、ポリイミド被膜が除去された構造になっている。キャピラリ102の内部は、電気泳動時に泳動速度差を与えるための分離媒体が充填される。分離媒体は流動性と、非流動性の双方が存在するが、本実施例では流動性のポリマーを用いる。
f1:集光レンズの焦点距離
f2:結像レンズの焦点距離
Y :像高(物体面)(アレイ幅の半分)
Y’:像高(結像面)
θ1 :集光レンズへの入射角
θ'1 :プリズムへの入射角
θ2 :プリズムからの出射角
θ :プリズムの傾斜角(頂角=2π-2θ)
Y'=tanθ2×f2/f1×f2
2つに分割された像が重ならないためには、次式の条件を満たす必要がある。
Tanθ2×f2=Y'>2Y …(1)式
(ただし、f1=f2の1:1結像系の場合)
θ1=tan-1(Y/f1)
ここで、プリズム材質の屈折率n、プリズム内の光路の角度をθ3~θ4(図6C参照)とすると、θ1とθ2の関係は、スネルの法則より、次式となる。
n×sinθ'2=sinθ1
θ'3=θ'2+θ
=sin-1(sinθ1/n)+θ
また、像分割面では、再度、スネルの法則より、次式が成立する。
n×sinθ'3=sinθ'4
図6Cより、θ'4を求めると、次式となる。
θ'4=sin-1(n×sinθ'3)
=sin-1(n×sin(sin-1(sinθ1/n)+θ))
θ2=θ'4-θ
=sin-1(n×sin(sin-1(sinθ1/n)+θ))-θ …(2)式
となる。
続いて、キャピラリ電気泳動装置で使用して好適な蛍光分析器の第2の実施例を説明する。実施例1における蛍光分析器では、薄型プリズム409を像分割素子として用いた。この実施例1におけるプリズムの像分割面は等面積(図4参照)であり、透過率を変化させることで、分割された像の蛍光強度を制御した。しかし、像分割面に、異なる特性を持つ誘電多層膜を蒸着するのは、以下のようなデメリットがある。
1)製造上複数の蒸着工程を経るため高コストである。
2)透過率を下げることは、元々の集光した光量を無駄にする。
続いて、キャピラリ電気泳動装置で使用して好適な蛍光分析器の第3の実施例を説明する。実施例1による蛍光分析器では、薄型のプリズムを像分割素子として用いている。しかし、プリズムは、波長分散素子の一つであり、回折格子と同様に、集光した蛍光成分を波長ごとに分散させる機能を持つ。このため、像分割方向について、プリズムによる波長分散の影響が多少発生する。アプリケーションや検出像の種類によっては、微小の波長分散が分析に影響を及ぼす場合がある。
続いて、キャピラリ電気泳動装置で使用して好適な蛍光分析器の第4の実施例を説明する。実施例1~3による蛍光分析器では、波長分散素子(分光素子)として回折格子405を用いていた。本実施例では、回折格子405を用いない実施例を説明する。具体的には、各蛍光色素に対して最も感度の高い波長帯域のみを透過するフィルタを高速に切り変える、又は、蛍光色素の数だけ撮像素子とその各蛍光色素に対応するフィルタを備え、同時に各蛍光素子を撮像する手法を採用する。本実施例の手法は、各蛍光色素に対応するサンプル位置においてスペクトルをサンプリングしたことに相当する。
以上、本発明の例を説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲に記載された発明の範囲にて様々な変更が可能であることは当業者に理解される。各実施例を適宜組み合わせることも、本発明の範囲である。
101…電気泳動装置
102…キャピラリ
103…ポンプ機構
104…高圧電源
105…第1電流計
106…シリンジ
107…ブロック
109…ポリマー容器
110…陽極バッファ容器
111…電極(GND)
112…第2電流計
113…電動バルブ
114…光源
115…光学検出器
116…検出部
117…キャピラリアレイ
118…恒温槽
119…ファン
120…加熱冷却機構
121…陰極バッファ容器
122…洗浄容器
123…廃液容器
124…サンプル容器
125…搬送機
126…中空電極
127…キャピラリ陰極端
128…データ解析装置
129…ロードヘッダ
130…移動ステージ
131…グリップ
201…固体レーザ
202…レーザ光
203…反射ミラー
204…偏光子
205…ビームスプリッタ
206…レーザ集光レンズ
207…波長板(λ/4)
209…基準ベース
210…照射光軸基本軸
301…平板マスク
302…レーザ照射部
303…蛍光検出器
310…検出光軸基本軸
401…発光点
402…第1の光学フィルタ
403…集光レンズ
404…第2の光学フィルタ
404A…第2の集光レンズ
405…回折格子
406…結像レンズ
407…2次元検出器
409…薄型プリズム(像分割プリズム)
410…分光後検出光軸
411…蛍光光路(強)
412…蛍光光路(弱)
601…従来技術による光線追跡
602…従来技術による結像
603…第1の光線追跡
604…第2の光線追跡
605…第1の結像
606…第2の結像
901…光線追跡(全キャピラリ)
902…光線追跡(第1キャピラリ)
903…光線追跡(第2キャピラリ)
904…光線追跡(第3キャピラリ)
905…結像(第1キャピラリ)
906…結像(第2キャピラリ)
907…結像(第3キャピラリ)
1109…像分割プリズム(面積比)
1209…ビームスプリッタ
1210…全反射ミラー
1301…フィルタホイール
1302…蛍光フィルタ
1303…フィルタ回転軸
Claims (16)
- 試料に励起光を照射する光源と、
前記試料から発生される蛍光を集光するレンズと、
集光後の蛍光を入射して分光する分光素子と、
集光後の蛍光を強度が異なる複数の像に分割する像分割素子と、
特定の分光について前記複数の像を同一検出面内の異なる領域に結像する結像素子と、
前記同一検出面内の異なる領域で、異なる蛍光強度に対応する複数の像を同時に検出する検出器と
を有する蛍光分析器。 - 請求項1に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記像分割素子は、前記分光素子を通過した蛍光を入力する入射面と、第1の蛍光成分を透過する第1の射出面と、第2の蛍光成分を透過する第2の射出面とを有するプリズムである
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記第1及び第2の射出面は、それぞれに透過率の異なる蒸着膜が形成されている
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記第1及び第2の射出面の少なくとも一方は、前記入射面に対して数°から十数°の範囲で傾いている
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記検出器は、2次元検出器である
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において
前記第1及び第2の射出面の透過率が異なる
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において
前記第1及び第2の射出面の境界線として与えられる稜線が泳動方向と平行に配置される
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において
前記第1及び第2の射出面の境界線として与えられる稜線がレーザ射出方向と垂直に配置される
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において
前記第1及び第2の射出面の境界線として与えられる稜線が分光方向と垂直に配置される
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において
前記第1及び第2の射出面は互いに異なる傾斜角を有し、前記傾斜角の違いは数°から十数°である
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項2に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記第1及び第2の射出面は異なる面積を有する
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項1に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記像分割素子は、前記レンズから入力した蛍光を第1の透過率で透過して前記分光素子に出力するビームスプリッタと、前記分光素子から入力した前記蛍光のうち前記ビームスプリッタで反射された蛍光成分を反射して前記分光素子に出力する反射ミラーとを有する
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項1に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記像分割素子は、前記分光素子から入力した分光を第1の透過率で透過して前記検出器に出力するビームスプリッタと、前記分光素子から入力した前記分光のうち前記ビームスプリッタで反射された分光を反射して前記検出器に出力する反射ミラーとを有する
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項12又は13に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記ビームスプリッタは、透過率と反射率の値が異なる
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項13又は14に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記検出器は、2次元検出器である
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。 - 請求項13又は14に記載の蛍光分析器において、
前記分光素子は、複数の透過特性を切り替え可能なフィルタ機構であり、
前記検出器はライン検出器である
ことを特徴とする蛍光分析器。
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