WO2015146488A1 - モノリス型分離膜構造体、モノリス型分離膜構造体の製造方法及び脱水方法 - Google Patents
モノリス型分離膜構造体、モノリス型分離膜構造体の製造方法及び脱水方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015146488A1 WO2015146488A1 PCT/JP2015/055936 JP2015055936W WO2015146488A1 WO 2015146488 A1 WO2015146488 A1 WO 2015146488A1 JP 2015055936 W JP2015055936 W JP 2015055936W WO 2015146488 A1 WO2015146488 A1 WO 2015146488A1
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- Prior art keywords
- separation membrane
- support
- holes
- membrane structure
- permeation
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 48
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005371 permeation separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0046—Inorganic membrane manufacture by slurry techniques, e.g. die or slip-casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/061—Manufacturing thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a monolith type separation membrane structure used in a permeation vaporization method or a vapor permeation method, a method for producing a monolith type separation membrane structure, and a dehydration method.
- a monolith type separation membrane structure including a monolith type substrate having a filtration cell and a water collection cell and a separation membrane formed on the inner surface of the filtration cell is known (see Patent Document 1).
- the monolith type substrate includes a support constituted by a porous material.
- the separation membrane is a gas separation membrane used in the pervaporation method or the vapor permeation method.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method of adjusting the dimensions of the filtration cell and the water collection cell for the purpose of increasing the water flux (water vapor transmission rate per membrane area) in the monolith type separation membrane structure.
- the N 2 gas permeability of the porous substrate is set to 200 to 7000 for the purpose of increasing water flux. It is proposed that (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h ⁇ atm).
- Patent Document 1 since it is necessary to form the filtration cell and the water collection cell with high accuracy, there is a demand for increasing the water flux regardless of the dimensions of the filtration cell and the water collection cell.
- the substrate is a monolith type, it is difficult to improve the water flux by pervaporation separation performed by reducing the permeation side even if the N 2 gas permeability is adjusted as in Patent Document 2. There's a problem.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object thereof is to provide a monolithic separation membrane structure capable of increasing the water flux, a method for producing the monolithic separation membrane structure, and a dehydration method.
- the monolithic separation membrane structure according to the present invention includes a support, a first seal portion, a second seal portion, and a separation membrane.
- the support is made of a porous material.
- a plurality of first through holes and a plurality of second through holes are formed in the support.
- the separation membrane is formed in a cylindrical shape inside the plurality of through holes, and is used for the pervaporation method or the vapor permeation method.
- the first seal portion covers the first end surface of the support.
- the second seal portion covers the second end surface of the support. Both ends of the plurality of first through holes open to the first seal portion and the second seal portion. Both ends of each of the plurality of second through holes are sealed with a sealing member.
- the permeation resistance of helium gas in the support is less than 8.3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa ⁇ sec / m 2 .
- a monolithic separation membrane structure capable of increasing the water flux, a method for producing the monolithic separation membrane structure, and a dehydration method.
- the “monolith” means a shape having a plurality of through holes formed in the longitudinal direction, and is a concept including a honeycomb shape.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a monolith type separation membrane structure 100.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. In FIG. 1, the internal structure of the monolith type separation membrane structure 100 is partially shown.
- the arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the flow of water (water vapor) that is a permeation separation component.
- the monolith type separation membrane structure 100 includes a monolith type substrate 200 and a separation membrane 300.
- the monolith type substrate 200 has a substrate body 210, a first seal portion 220, and a second seal portion 230.
- the base body 210 is a porous body.
- the base body 210 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
- the length of the base body 210 in the longitudinal direction can be 150 to 2000 mm, and the diameter of the base body 210 in the short direction can be 30 to 220 mm, but is not limited thereto.
- the base body 210 has a first end surface S1, a second end surface S2, and a side surface S3.
- the first end surface S1 is provided opposite to the second end surface S2.
- the side surface S3 is continuous with the first end surface S1 and the second end surface S2.
- the base body 210 includes a support 211, a plurality of first plugging portions 212, a plurality of second plugging portions 213, a discharge channel 214, an intermediate layer 215, and a surface layer 216.
- the support body 211 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
- a plurality of first through holes TH1 and a plurality of second through holes TH2 are formed inside the support 211.
- the first through hole TH1 and the second through hole TH2 respectively penetrate the support body 211 from the first end surface S1 to the second end surface S2.
- both ends of the first through hole open to the first seal portion 220 and the second seal portion 230
- both ends of the second through hole TH2 open to the first seal portion 220 and the second seal portion 230.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the first through hole TH1 and the second through hole TH2 are circular, but are not limited thereto.
- the inner diameters of the first through hole TH1 and the second through hole TH2 can be 1 to 5 mm. As shown in FIG. 2, in the radial direction perpendicular to the central axis AX of the first through hole TH1, the inner diameter R of the first through hole TH1 is preferably 2.5 mm or less. In the radial direction, the shortest distance D between the first through hole TH1 and the second through hole TH2 is preferably 0.65 mm or less.
- the inner diameter of the second through hole TH2 can be set equal to that of the first through hole TH1, but is not limited thereto.
- the support 211 is made of a porous material.
- a porous material of the support 211 ceramics, metal, resin, or the like can be used, and a porous ceramic material is particularly preferable.
- the aggregate of the porous ceramic material include alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), mullite (Al 2 O 3 .SiO 2 ), cerven and cordierite (Mg 2 Al 4 Si 5 O 18 ). In view of easy availability, stability of clay, and corrosion resistance, alumina is particularly preferable.
- the support 211 may contain an inorganic binder in addition to the porous material.
- the inorganic binder at least one of titania, mullite, easily sinterable alumina, silica, glass frit, clay mineral, and easily sinterable cordierite can be used.
- the porosity of the support 211 can be 25% to 50%.
- the average pore diameter of the support 211 can be 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the average pore diameter of the support 211 can be measured by a mercury intrusion method.
- the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the support 211 can be 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the “average particle diameter” is an arithmetic average value of the maximum diameters of 30 measurement target particles measured by cross-sectional microstructure observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the permeation resistance (hereinafter referred to as He permeation resistance) of helium gas in the support 211 is preferably less than 8.3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa ⁇ sec / m 2 and is preferably 5.6 ⁇ 10 7 Pa ⁇ m. More preferably, it is not more than sec / m 2 . Since the He transmission resistance in the support 211 is a physical property value of the material constituting the support 211, the He transmission resistance of the support 211 as a whole is the same as the He transmission resistance in a part of the support 211. Therefore, the He permeation resistance in the support 211 does not need to be measured for the entire support 211, and may be measured for a part cut out from the support 211.
- the He permeation resistance when the He permeation resistance is confirmed in the manufacturing process of the support 211, it can be easily measured by using a test piece of a desired shape (for example, a flat plate shape, a rod shape) cut out from the support 211. it can.
- the He permeation resistance can also be measured using a test piece of a desired shape (for example, a tube shape) separately manufactured using the same material as the support 211.
- the He permeation resistance can be measured in accordance with, for example, JISR 2115: 1995 (Test method for air permeability of refractory bricks). According to this test method, the He permeation resistance value hardly varies depending on the measurement apparatus and measurement conditions.
- the size and shape of the test piece can be arbitrarily changed regardless of the regulations of the test, and even if the size or shape of the test piece is changed, the He permeation resistance value specific to the support 211 can be measured. .
- the He permeation resistance in the support 211 is easy by adding coarse aggregate to the aggregate of the support 211 or by adding a pore former to the porous material of the support 211. Can be adjusted.
- coarse aggregate refers to coarse particles having an average particle size (5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m) that is at least three times the average particle size (1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m) of the main material of the aggregate. The average particle diameter of the aggregate can be measured by a laser diffraction method.
- 1st sealing part 212 (an example of a sealing member) seals opening in 1st end surface S1 of 2nd through-hole TH2.
- the second sealing portion 213 seals the opening in the second end surface S2 of the second through hole TH2.
- the both end portions of the second through hole TH2 are sealed with the first and second plugging portions 212 and 213, thereby collecting water between the first and second plugging portions 212 and 213.
- a cell Cw is formed.
- a plurality of water collection cells Cw are arranged in a predetermined direction.
- the first and second plugging portions 212 and 213 can be made of the same material as the support 211.
- the porosity of the first and second plugging portions 212 and 213 is preferably 25 to 50%.
- the lengths of the first and second plugging portions 212 and 213 can be about 10 to 20 mm.
- the discharge flow path 214 connects a plurality of water collection cells Cw arranged in a predetermined direction. Both ends of the discharge channel 214 are open to the side surface S3.
- two drainage channels 214 are provided in one water collection cell Cw, but the number and positions of the drainage channels 214 can be changed as appropriate.
- the intermediate layer 215 is disposed on the inner surface of the first through hole TH1 of the support 211.
- the intermediate layer 215 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
- the intermediate layer 215 can be made of a material similar to that of the support 211.
- the intermediate layer 215 may contain an inorganic binder used for the support 211.
- the porous material and the inorganic binder used for the intermediate layer 215 may be the same as or different from those used for the support 211.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 215 in the radial direction can be 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the porosity of the intermediate layer 215 can be 20% to 60%.
- the average pore diameter of the intermediate layer 215 is smaller than the average pore diameter of the support 211.
- the average pore diameter of the intermediate layer 215 can be 0.005 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the average pore diameter of the intermediate layer 215 can be measured by ASTM F316 (Standard Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Flow).
- the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the intermediate layer 215 is smaller than the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the support 211.
- the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the intermediate layer 215 can be 0.1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 215 in the radial direction can be 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate layer 215 is not provided in the second through hole TH2 (that is, the water collection cell Cw).
- the surface layer 216 is disposed on the inner surface of the intermediate layer 215.
- the surface layer 216 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
- the surface layer 216 according to the present embodiment functions as a carrier (underlayer) of the separation membrane 300.
- the surface layer 216 can be made of the same material as the support 211, but preferably contains alumina and titania as an aggregate.
- the surface layer 216 may contain an inorganic binder used for the support 211.
- the thickness of the surface layer 216 in the radial direction can be 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the porosity of the surface layer 216 can be 20% to 60%.
- the average pore diameter of the surface layer 216 is smaller than the average pore diameter of the intermediate layer 215.
- the average pore size of the surface layer 216 can be 0.001 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the surface layer 216 is smaller than the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the intermediate layer 215.
- the average particle diameter of the porous material constituting the surface layer 216 can be 0.01 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the surface layer 216 is not provided in the second through hole TH2 (that is, the water collection cell Cw).
- the first seal portion 220 covers the entire first end surface S1 and a part of the side surface S3.
- the first seal portion 220 suppresses the mixed fluid flowing into the first through hole TH1 from infiltrating the base body 210 from the first end surface S1.
- sticker part 220 is formed so that the inflow port of the filtration cell Cf mentioned later may not be obstruct
- sticker part 220 should just cover 1st end surface S1, and does not necessarily need to cover side S3.
- the insertion member (O-ring, gasket, etc.) attached to the portion of the first seal portion 220 formed on the side surface S3 Airtightness and watertightness between the can body accommodating the material main body 210 can be ensured.
- the first seal portion 220 covers the first plugging portion 212. Therefore, since the mixed fluid is suppressed from infiltrating into the first plugging portion 212, the mixed fluid can be prevented from flowing into the water collection cell Cw.
- the second seal portion 230 covers the entire second end surface S2 and a part of the side surface S3.
- the second seal portion 230 suppresses the mixed fluid flowing out from the first through hole TH1 from infiltrating the base body 210 from the second end surface S2.
- the second seal portion 230 is formed so as not to block the outlet of the filtration cell Cf.
- the second seal part 230 can be made of the same material as the first seal part 220.
- sticker part 230 should just cover 2nd end surface S2, and the side surface S3 does not necessarily need to cover.
- the can body that accommodates the base body 210 by an insertion member attached to a portion of the second seal portion 230 formed on the side surface S3. Airtightness and watertightness can be ensured.
- the second seal portion 230 covers the second plugging portion 213. Accordingly, since the mixed fluid is suppressed from infiltrating into the second plugging portion 213, the mixed fluid can be prevented from flowing into the water collection cell Cw.
- the separation membrane 300 is disposed inside the first through hole TH1.
- the separation membrane 300 is disposed on the inner surface of the surface layer 216.
- the separation membrane 300 is formed in a cylindrical shape.
- a filtration cell Cf through which the mixed fluid flows is formed inside the separation membrane 300.
- the separation membrane 300 is a pervaporation membrane used for the pervaporation method, a vapor permeable membrane or a gas separation membrane used for the vapor permeation method.
- a gas separation membrane a known carbon monoxide separation membrane (for example, see Japanese Patent No. 4006107), a helium separation membrane (for example, see Japanese Patent No. 395833), a hydrogen separation membrane (for example, Japanese Patent No. 3933907). ), Carbon membrane (for example, see JP2003-286018A), DDR type zeolite membrane (for example, see JP2004-66188A), silica membrane (for example, WO 2008/050812 pamphlet) For example).
- the separation membrane 300 is a pervaporation membrane and the mixed fluid is an ethanol aqueous solution
- water (water vapor) that permeates the separation membrane 300 permeates the monolithic substrate 200 and flows out from the side surface S3 or the discharge channel 214. Then, ethanol that does not pass through the separation membrane 300 flows out from the filtration cell Cf.
- the separation membrane 300 is not disposed on the inner surface of the second through hole TH2.
- the porous material of the support 211 described above is prepared.
- the He permeation resistance in the support 211 can be easily adjusted to less than 8.3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa ⁇ sec / m 2 .
- coarse aggregate for example, about 5 wt% to 40 wt% of coarse alumina having an average particle diameter of 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m may be added to alumina having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the pore former may be added at about 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% with respect to the aggregate.
- the pore former flammable fine powders such as water-absorbing polymers, organic substances, polymers, and wood can be used.
- the coarse aggregate and the pore former can be used in combination.
- a formed body of the support body 211 having a plurality of first through holes TH1 and a plurality of second through holes TH2 is formed from the prepared porous material.
- a press molding method or a cast molding method can be used in addition to the extrusion molding method using a vacuum extrusion molding machine.
- the discharge passage 214 connected to the plurality of second through holes TH2 arranged in a predetermined direction is formed in the molded body of the support 211.
- an organic binder, a sintering aid, a pH adjuster, a surfactant and the like are added to the porous material of the first and second plugging portions 212 and 213 to prepare a plugging portion slurry.
- a film of polyester or the like is attached to both end faces of the molded body of the support 211, and holes are formed in portions of the film corresponding to the second through holes TH2.
- the molded body of the 1st and 2nd plugging part 212,213 is formed by pressing the both ends of the molded body of the support body 211 against the slurry for plugging parts put into the container.
- the support body 211 and the first and second plugging portions 212 and 213 are fired (for example, 500 ° C. to 1500 ° C., 0.5 hour to 80 hours), whereby the support body 211 and the first plugging portions 212 and 213 are fired.
- First and second plugging portions 212 and 213 are formed.
- an organic binder, a sintering aid, a pH adjuster, a surfactant and the like are added to the porous material of the intermediate layer 215 to prepare an intermediate layer slurry.
- a formed body of the intermediate layer 215 is formed on the inner surface of the first through hole TH1 by a filtration method using the intermediate layer slurry.
- the intermediate layer 215 is formed by firing the molded body of the intermediate layer 215 (for example, 500 ° C. to 1450 ° C., 0.5 hour to 80 hours).
- a slurry for surface layer is prepared by adding a sintering aid, a pH adjuster, a surfactant and the like to the porous material of the surface layer 216.
- a molded body of the surface layer 216 is formed on the inner surface of the intermediate layer 215 by a filtration method using a slurry for the surface layer.
- the surface layer 216 is formed by firing (for example, 500 ° C. to 1450 ° C., 0.5 hour to 80 hours).
- the separation membrane 300 is formed on the inner surface of the surface layer 216.
- a method for forming the separation membrane 300 an appropriate method according to the type of the separation membrane 300 may be used.
- the gas permeation resistance particularly in the support of the monolith type base material greatly affects the water flux (water vapor permeation rate per membrane area). I got the knowledge.
- the He permeation resistance of the support 211 is less than 8.3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa ⁇ sec / m 2 . Thereby, the water flux of the monolith type separation membrane structure 100 can be improved.
- the He permeation resistance in the support 211 is easily adjusted by adding coarse aggregate to the aggregate of the support 211 or by adding a pore former to the porous material of the support 211. be able to.
- the base body 210 has the support 211, the intermediate layer 215, and the surface layer 216. Good.
- the separation membrane 300 is disposed on the inner surface of the first through hole TH1 of the support 211.
- the separation membrane 300 is disposed on the inner surface of the intermediate layer 215.
- Each of the intermediate layer 215 and the surface layer 216 may be a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the support 211 has the water collection cell Cw and the discharge flow path 214, but may not have the water collection cell Cw and the discharge flow path 214.
- the discharge channel 214 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, but may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon other than a square, or the like.
- a molded body of a support having a plurality of first through holes and a plurality of second through holes was formed by extruding the adjusted porous material.
- sample no. In No. 5 the die of the extrusion molding machine was changed to change the inner diameter of each through hole and the shortest distance between the through holes.
- the molded body of the support was fired (1250 ° C., 1 hour) to prepare a support.
- Two types of ⁇ 30 mm and ⁇ 180 mm were prepared for each sample.
- Table 1 shows the He permeation resistance and the shortest distance between the first through hole and the second through hole in the support of each sample.
- the He permeation resistance is a value measured using a tube-shaped test piece prepared by extruding the adjusted porous material.
- an intermediate layer was formed on the inner surface of the support to produce a tubular support with an intermediate layer.
- helium was supplied into the support with the intermediate layer, and the helium flow rate and helium pressure loss were measured at three points, and the pressure loss per unit flow rate was measured from the measured values.
- the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the intermediate layer was calculated by subtracting the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the support from the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the support with the intermediate layer.
- the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the intermediate layer was divided by the thickness of the intermediate layer to calculate the He permeation resistance (Pas / m 2 ) in the intermediate layer.
- a binder and water were added to titania to prepare a surface layer slurry, and a surface layer compact was formed on the inner surface of the intermediate layer by a filtration method using the surface layer slurry.
- the surface layer molded body was fired (950 ° C., 3 hours) to form a surface layer.
- the thickness of the surface layer and the He permeation resistance of each sample are as shown in Table 1.
- the He permeation resistance in the surface layer was calculated by the following method. First, a surface layer was formed on the inner surface of the support with an intermediate layer to produce a tubular support with a surface layer.
- helium was supplied to the inside of the support with a surface layer, the helium flow rate and the helium pressure loss were measured at three points, and the pressure loss per unit flow rate was measured from the measured values.
- the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the surface layer was calculated by subtracting the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the support and the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the intermediate layer from the pressure loss per unit flow rate in the support with the surface layer. .
- the pressure loss per unit flow velocity in the surface layer was divided by the thickness of the surface layer to calculate the He permeation resistance (Pas / m 2 ) in the surface layer.
- the water permeation amount (water flux per unit area) and the N 2 gas permeation amount (N 2 permeation flux per unit area) were measured for the base body produced as described above.
- the permeation side was set to atmospheric pressure in order to suppress the expansion of N 2 gas. The measurement results are as shown in Table 1.
- a carbon film was formed on the inner surface of the surface layer using the method described in International Publication No. 2010/134514. This formed a filtration cell.
- the diameter of the filtration cell that is, the inner diameter of the carbon membrane was as shown in Table 1.
- the monolith type separation membrane structure according to each sample was incorporated into a separation apparatus, and water flux was measured by performing pervaporation separation with the permeation side reduced in pressure. Specifically, a monolithic separation membrane structure is packed in a can, and an ethanol aqueous solution (concentration 50 mass%, 50 ° C.) is repeatedly circulated through the filtration cell while reducing the water collection cell side to 10 Torr with a vacuum pump. It was. The permeated water vapor was recovered by cooling with a cooling trap device, and the water flux (water permeation rate per membrane area) was calculated from the mass and concentration. The calculation results are shown in Table 1.
- the thicknesses of the intermediate layer and the surface layer of the base material main body have a great influence on the water permeation amount (water permeation amount) and the N 2 permeation amount. This is because the He transmission resistance of the intermediate layer and the surface layer is larger than the He transmission resistance of the support. However, the thickness of the intermediate layer and the surface layer has little influence on the value of the water flux measured by pervaporation separation with the permeation side reduced in pressure. That is, even if the thickness of the intermediate layer and the surface layer is reduced, it is difficult to improve the water flux in pervaporation separation and vapor permeation separation.
- sample no. 1 and 2 and sample no As can be seen by comparing 3 and 4, the He permeation resistance of the support having a small influence on the water permeation amount and the N 2 permeation amount has a great influence on the water flux.
- the support In the pervaporation membrane or vapor permeable membrane in which the permeate side is depressurized, the support is positioned at a position where the absolute pressure is lower than the intermediate layer surface layer. This is because the gas expands greatly in volume, and the influence of the pressure loss of the support portion is increased. Further, due to the pressure loss of the support, the absolute pressure at the intermediate layer and the surface layer position is increased, whereby the gas expansion is small, and the pressure loss is relatively small at the intermediate layer and the surface layer position. This is a new finding that has not been known so far.
- the He permeation resistance of the support is preferably less than 8.3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa ⁇ sec / m 2, and particularly preferably 5.6 ⁇ 10 7 Pa ⁇ sec / m 2 or less. I understood that.
- the He permeation resistance can be lowered by increasing the porosity and pore diameter of the support by adding coarse aggregates or pore formers. Further, the He permeation resistance can be lowered by reducing the distance between the filtration cell and the water collection cell. Specifically, the distance between the first through hole and the second through hole in the support may be reduced, or the inner diameter of the first through hole and the second through hole may be reduced.
- the area of the separation membrane per unit volume is improved by reducing the interval between the first through hole and the second through hole, or by reducing the inner diameter of the first through hole and the second through hole.
- the water permeation flow rate (kg / h ⁇ book) of the separation membrane can be improved.
- monolith type separation membrane structure 200 monolith type base material 210 base material main body 211 support body 215 intermediate layer 216 surface layer 300 separation membrane TH1 first through hole TH2 second through hole
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Abstract
Description
図1は、モノリス型分離膜構造体100の斜視図である。図2は、図1のA-A断面図である。図1では、モノリス型分離膜構造体100の内部構造が部分的に示されている。図1中の矢印は、透過分離成分である水(水蒸気)の流れを示している。
まず、上述した支持体211の多孔質材料を調製する。この際、骨材に粗粒骨材及び造孔材の少なくとも一方を添加することが好ましい。これによって、支持体211におけるHe透過抵抗を8.3×107Pa・sec/m2未満に簡便に調整することができる。粗粒骨材を添加する場合には、例えば、平均粒径1μm~100μmのアルミナに対して平均粒径50μm~300μmの粗粒アルミナを5wt%~40wt%程度添加すればよい。また、造孔材を添加する場合には、骨材に対して造孔材を0.1wt%~20wt%程度添加すればよい。造孔材としては、例えば吸水ポリマー、有機物、高分子、木材などの可燃性微粉末を用いることができる。なお、粗粒骨材と造孔材は併用することができる。
従来、浸透気化膜や蒸気透過膜などのガス分離膜を備えるモノリス型分離膜構造体では、透過側(すなわち、側面S3の外側)が減圧されるため、水蒸気が膨張することによって圧力損失が極めて大きくなるという問題があった。
以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。
以下のようにして、サンプルNo.1~No.6に係るモノリス型分離膜構造体を作製した。
各サンプルに係るモノリス型分離膜構造体を分離装置に組み込んで、透過側を減圧した浸透気化分離を行うことによって水フラックスを測定した。具体的には、モノリス型分離膜構造体を缶体に詰めて、集水セル側を真空ポンプで10Torrに減圧しながら、濾過セルにエタノール水溶液(濃度50質量%、50℃)を繰り返し流通させた。透過した水蒸気は、冷却トラップ装置によって冷却して回収し、その質量と濃度から水フラックス(膜面積あたりの水透過速度)を算出した。算出結果を表1に示す。
200 モノリス型基材
210 基材本体
211 支持体
215 中間層
216 表層
300 分離膜
TH1 第1貫通孔
TH2 第2貫通孔
Claims (7)
- 多孔質材料によって構成され、複数の第1貫通孔と複数の第2貫通孔が形成された支持体と、
前記支持体の第1端面を覆う第1シール部と、
前記支持体の第2端面を覆う第2シール部と、
前記複数の第1貫通孔の内側において筒状に形成され、浸透気化法又は蒸気透過法に用いられる分離膜と、
を備え、
前記複数の第1貫通孔それぞれの両端は、前記第1シール部と前記第2シール部に開口し、
前記複数の第2貫通孔それぞれの両端は、封止部材によって封止されており、
前記支持体におけるヘリウムガスの透過抵抗は、8.3×107Pa・sec/m2未満である、
モノリス型分離膜構造体。 - 前記支持体におけるヘリウムガスの透過抵抗は、5.6×107Pa・sec/m2以下である、
請求項1に記載のモノリス型分離膜構造体。 - 前記複数の第1貫通孔それぞれの内径は2.5mm以下である、
請求項1又は2に記載のモノリス型分離膜構造体。 - 前記複数の第1貫通孔それぞれと前記複数の第2貫通孔それぞれとの最短距離は0.65mm以下である、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のモノリス型分離膜構造体。 - 骨材を含む多孔質材料を調製する工程と、
前記多孔質材料によって、複数の第1貫通孔と複数の第2貫通孔を有する支持体を形成する工程と、
前記複数の第2貫通孔それぞれの両端開口を封止する工程と、
前記複数の第1貫通孔の内側において、浸透気化法又は蒸気透過法に用いられる分離膜を筒状に形成する工程と、
を備え、
前記支持体におけるヘリウムガスの透過抵抗は、8.3×107Pa・sec/m2未満である、
モノリス型分離膜構造体の製造方法。 - 前記多孔質材料を調製する工程において前記骨材に粗粒骨材及び造孔材の少なくとも一方を添加することによって、前記支持体におけるヘリウムガスの透過抵抗を8.3×107Pa・sec/m2未満に調整する、
請求項5に記載のモノリス型分離膜構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載のモノリス型分離膜構造体の前記複数の第1貫通孔に含水有機化合物液体を供給することによって前記含水有機化合物液体から水を分離する工程を備える脱水方法。
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