WO2015141554A1 - 給電装置及び非接触給電システム - Google Patents
給電装置及び非接触給電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015141554A1 WO2015141554A1 PCT/JP2015/057305 JP2015057305W WO2015141554A1 WO 2015141554 A1 WO2015141554 A1 WO 2015141554A1 JP 2015057305 W JP2015057305 W JP 2015057305W WO 2015141554 A1 WO2015141554 A1 WO 2015141554A1
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- power
- power supply
- inverter circuit
- control unit
- secondary battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/527—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/529—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power feeding device and a non-contact power feeding system.
- This application has priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-55053 filed in Japan on March 18, 2014 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-81973 filed in Japan on April 11, 2014. Insist and use that content here.
- a system that supplies power to a moving body (for example, a vehicle) in a contactless manner from the ground
- a power receiving coil of a power receiving device provided in a vehicle is opposed to a power feeding coil of a power feeding device provided on the ground, and electric power transmitted in a non-contact manner from the power feeding coil to the power receiving coil is passed through a charging circuit.
- An apparatus for charging a battery (secondary battery) is disclosed.
- a DC-DC converter is provided in the power receiving device in order to control the input (current, voltage, or power) to the battery.
- the battery is initially charged by the charging circuit based on a CC (Constant-Current) charging method.
- CC Constant-Current
- the charging system is changed from the CC charging system to the CV (Constant Voltage) charging system under the control of the DC-DC converter. Can be switched.
- a DC / DC converter that adjusts charging (power supply) to the battery is provided in the power receiving device.
- the mobile device is mounted in terms of the degree of freedom of installation location. There is a need to reduce the area as much as possible and to reduce the mounting weight as much as possible. Therefore, reduction of the components of the mobile unit side device is required.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to adjust power supply to a load even if the power receiving apparatus does not have an adjustment function of power supplied to the load.
- a power feeding device that transmits AC power generated by an inverter circuit in a contactless manner to the power receiving device by magnetically coupling the power feeding coil to the power receiving coil of the power receiving device.
- the power supply control part which controls the said inverter circuit so that the said alternating current power changes according to the information regarding the power supply state to the load connected to is provided.
- a second aspect of the present invention further includes an acquisition unit that acquires the information from the power receiving device in the first aspect.
- the load is a secondary battery
- the acquisition unit acquires an instruction to reduce power supply to the secondary battery as the information, and the power supply
- the control unit changes the AC power based on the information.
- the load is a secondary battery
- the power supply control unit determines a timing to decrease power supply to the secondary battery based on the information.
- the AC power is changed based on the result of the determination.
- the acquisition unit when the acquisition unit starts transmission of the AC power, the acquisition unit acquires the information once, and the power feeding device is configured to charge the secondary battery. And a storage unit for storing the relationship between the information and the information in advance, and the power supply control unit determines a timing for reducing the power supply to the secondary battery based on the relationship and the information.
- the storage unit stores a relationship between a charging time and a charging power of the secondary battery for each secondary battery having different characteristics.
- the information is a charging voltage or impedance of the secondary battery.
- the load is a secondary battery
- the power feeding device stores a relationship between an impedance of the load and a timing of changing the AC power.
- the power supply control unit specifies the impedance of the load based on the input current and input voltage of the inverter circuit, or the output current and output voltage of the inverter circuit, and determines the impedance and the relationship specified above. Based on this, the AC power is changed.
- the power supply control unit is configured such that the output current and the output voltage of the inverter circuit increase as the charge state of the secondary battery approaches full charge.
- the inverter circuit is controlled so as to increase the phase difference between and.
- the power supply control unit adjusts a switching frequency of the inverter circuit.
- the power supply control unit adjusts an on / off duty ratio of the inverter circuit.
- the power feeding control unit calculates a switching phase difference between two legs in which two switching elements in the inverter circuit are connected in series. adjust.
- a thirteenth aspect of the present invention includes the power feeding device according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects and the power receiving apparatus.
- the power receiving device rectifies AC power received by the power receiving coil from the power feeding coil and supplies the AC power to the secondary battery as the load.
- a providing unit that provides information regarding the power supply state to the power supply apparatus.
- the power supply device since the power supply device adjusts the transmission amount of AC power by setting the frequency of AC power, that is, the power supply device also has a function of adjusting the power supplied to the load. There is no need to provide an adjustment function. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to adjust the power supply to the load without having the function of adjusting the power supplied to the load by the power receiving device.
- the non-contact power feeding system includes a power feeding device S and a power receiving device R.
- the power feeding device S includes a power feeding rectifier circuit 1, an inverter circuit 2, a power feeding resonance circuit 3, a power feeding communication unit 4 (acquisition unit), a switching frequency setting unit 5, a switching control unit 6, and a storage unit 10, as illustrated.
- the power feeding device S includes a power feeding rectifier circuit 1, an inverter circuit 2, a power feeding resonance circuit 3, a power feeding communication unit 4 (acquisition unit), a switching frequency setting unit 5, a switching control unit 6, and a storage unit 10, as illustrated.
- the power feeding control unit E is configured by, for example, an arbitrary suitable processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a dedicated processor (for example, DSP (Digital Signal Processor)) specialized for each process.
- the storage unit 10 is a volatile storage medium such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores various information such as a table to be described later, a program describing each function of the power supply control unit E, and the like. It is a non-volatile storage medium such as.
- the power receiving device R includes a power receiving resonance circuit 7, a power receiving rectifier circuit 8, and a power receiving communication unit 9 (providing unit).
- the battery B illustrated in FIG. 1 is a load (power supply target) of the power receiving device R, and is a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging power.
- the power feeding device S is fixedly disposed in a power feeding facility provided on the ground and supplies AC power to the power receiving device R provided on the moving body in a contactless manner.
- the power supply facility is a facility in which one or a plurality of stop spaces for moving bodies are provided, and includes a power supply device S corresponding to the number of stop spaces.
- the power receiving device R is a device that is provided in the moving body and supplies DC power to the battery B to charge the battery B by converting AC power supplied from the power feeding device S into DC power.
- the said mobile body is a vehicle which requires the power receiving from the outside, such as an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle, for example.
- the power supply rectifier circuit 1 is, for example, a diode bridge, and converts the commercial power supplied from an external commercial power source (for example, single-phase 100 volts, 50 Hz) into direct-current power by full-wave rectification, thereby converting it into an inverter. Output to circuit 2.
- the DC power is a unipolar (eg, positive polarity) pulsating flow as a result of sine wave-shaped commercial power being folded back at the zero cross point.
- the inverter circuit 2 is a power conversion circuit that converts DC power supplied from the power supply rectifier circuit 1 into AC power based on a switching signal (inverter drive signal) input from the switching control unit 6. That is, the inverter circuit 2 drives a plurality of switching transistors with the inverter drive signal), thereby switching DC power at a predetermined frequency (switching frequency f) to convert it into AC power having the switching frequency f. Such an inverter circuit 2 outputs AC power having a switching frequency f to the power supply resonance circuit 3.
- the power supply resonance circuit 3 is a resonance circuit including a power supply coil 3a and a power supply capacitor 3b. Of these power supply coil 3a and power supply capacitor 3b, power supply coil 3a is provided at a position facing a predetermined position (a position where power receiving coil 7a described later) is provided on the moving body stopped in the stop space.
- the power supply resonance circuit 3 transmits the AC power received from the inverter circuit 2 to the power reception resonance circuit 7 by magnetic coupling between the coils.
- the resonance frequency of this non-contact power feeding system is a value determined based on circuit constants (values of the power feeding coil 3a, the power feeding capacitor 3b, the power receiving coil 7a, and the power receiving capacitor 7b) of the power feeding resonance circuit 3 and the power receiving resonance circuit 7 described later. .
- this resonance frequency is assumed to be the same as the drive frequency (steady switching frequency f 0 ) at the time of steady power feeding of the power feeding device S.
- the power factor of the AC power of the switching frequency f supplied from the inverter circuit 2 to the power feeding resonance circuit 3, that is, the phase difference between the output voltage and the output current from the inverter circuit 2, is expressed by the power feeding resonance circuit 3 and the power receiving resonance circuit. 7 depending on circuit characteristics.
- the switching frequency f is the same as the resonance frequency
- the power factor of the AC power from the inverter circuit 2 is “1”, that is, the phase difference between the output voltage and the output current from the inverter circuit 2 is “zero”.
- the farther the switching frequency f is from the resonance frequency the greater the phase difference between the output voltage and the output current from the inverter circuit 2.
- the current transmitted to the power receiving resonance circuit 7 decreases.
- the switching frequency f and the resonance frequency are the same is not limited to exact perfect matching. For example, if the error range is determined in advance and is within the error range, the switching frequency f and the resonance frequency are Can be considered the same.
- the power feeding communication unit 4 obtains information on the power receiving side (power receiving side information) from the power receiving communication unit 9 by performing short-range wireless communication with the power receiving communication unit 9 of the power receiving device R.
- This power receiving side information is information related to a power supply state to the battery B, and is, for example, a charging current, a charging voltage or charging power to the battery B, or a charging rate (SOC: State Of Charge) or impedance of the battery B.
- the power feeding communication unit 4 outputs the power receiving side information acquired from the power receiving communication unit 9 to the switching frequency setting unit 5.
- the communication method between the power supply communication unit 4 and the power reception communication unit 9 is short-distance wireless communication such as ZigBee (registered trademark) or Bluetooth (registered trademark) or short-distance optical communication using an optical signal.
- the switching frequency setting unit 5 appropriately sets the switching frequency f based on the power receiving side information input from the power supply communication unit 4.
- the switching frequency setting unit 5 refers to a table (frequency control table) in which the relationship between the charging rate (SOC) and the switching frequency f is registered in the storage unit 10 as a plurality of data, and sets the switching frequency f. .
- Such a switching frequency setting unit 5 outputs a setting value (switching frequency setting value) of the switching frequency f corresponding to the charging rate (SOC) to the switching control unit 6.
- the frequency control table instead of a table defining the relationship between the charging rate (SOC) and the switching frequency f, the relationship between the charging voltage and the switching frequency f, the relationship between the charging power and the switching frequency f, or the battery It may be a table that defines the relationship between the impedance of B and the switching frequency f.
- the frequency control table defines the relationship between the charging rate (SOC) and the switching frequency f as shown in FIG. That is, this frequency control table sets the switching frequency f to the steady switching frequency f 0 when the charging rate (SOC) is lower than the predetermined threshold value a, and sets the charging rate (SOC) to the threshold value a. When reached, the switching frequency f is increased linearly as the charging rate (SOC) increases.
- this frequency control table sets the switching frequency f to the steady switching frequency f 0 during the steady charging period in which the charging rate (SOC) is lower than the predetermined threshold value a, and the charging rate (SOC) is the threshold. in value a more late charging period, it specifies that is gradually increased shift the switching frequency from the constant switching frequency f 0.
- FIG. 2B is a characteristic diagram showing a change in charging current corresponding to such a change in switching frequency f.
- the switching frequency f gradually changes from the steady switching frequency f 0, so that the charging current becomes the steady charging current I 0 (the steady switching frequency f 0 Gradually decreases from the current charging current) until it finally approaches “zero”.
- Such a change in the charging current is caused by a reduction in the amount of AC power from the power supply coil 3 a of the power supply resonance circuit 3 to the power reception coil 7 a of the power reception resonance circuit 7. Therefore, the frequency control table, in the late charging period, transmit power from the feeding coil 3a to the power receiving coil 7a to set the switching frequency f to decrease than the transmission power at constant switching frequency f 0.
- the switching control unit 6 generates a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal based on the switching frequency setting value input from the switching frequency setting unit 5. That is, the switching control unit 6 generates a PWM signal having a repetition frequency that matches the switching frequency setting value and a constant duty ratio, and outputs the PWM signal to the inverter circuit 2 as an inverter drive signal.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the power receiving resonance circuit 7 is a resonance circuit including a power receiving coil 7a and a power receiving capacitor 7b.
- the power receiving coil 7a is provided at the bottom, side, top, or the like of the moving body, and faces the power feeding coil 3a that constitutes the power feeding apparatus S when the moving body stops in the stop space.
- the power receiving coil 7 a is magnetically coupled in close proximity to the power feeding coil 3 a constituting the power feeding resonance circuit 3. That is, the power receiving resonance circuit 7 receives the AC power supplied to the power feeding coil 3a by the inverter circuit 2 and the AC power spatially transmitted according to the coupling coefficient between the power feeding coil 3a and the power receiving coil 7a to receive the rectifying circuit. 8 is output. That is, this non-contact power feeding system is a non-contact power feeding system that complies with the magnetic field resonance method.
- the power receiving rectifier circuit 8 includes, for example, a diode bridge, a reactor, and a smoothing capacitor.
- the AC power (received power) supplied from the power receiving resonance circuit 7 is full-wave rectified and smoothed to obtain DC power, and the DC power is converted into a battery. Output to B and charge.
- the power (charging power) supplied from the power receiving rectifier circuit 8 to the battery B is DC power obtained by smoothing the full-wave rectified power that has been full-wave rectified by the diode bridge with a reactor and a smoothing capacitor.
- the power receiving communication unit 9 wirelessly transmits the power receiving side information to the power feeding communication unit 4 of the power feeding device S. That is, the power receiving communication unit 9 performs short-range wireless communication with the power supply communication unit 4 and performs radio wave communication such as ZigBee (registered trademark) or Bluetooth (registered trademark) or an optical signal in the same manner as the power supply communication unit 4. Use optical communication.
- radio wave communication such as ZigBee (registered trademark) or Bluetooth (registered trademark) or an optical signal in the same manner as the power supply communication unit 4.
- optical wave communication such as ZigBee (registered trademark) or Bluetooth (registered trademark) or an optical signal in the same manner as the power supply communication unit 4. Use optical communication.
- Battery B is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and charges and stores DC power supplied from the power receiving rectifier circuit 8.
- the battery B is connected to an inverter (traveling inverter) that drives a traveling motor of the moving body and / or a control device that controls traveling of the moving body, and is controlled by a battery control unit BS that is a part of the control device.
- Drive power is supplied to the drive inverter and control equipment under control.
- the battery control unit BS monitors the battery B to acquire the power receiving side information such as the charging voltage, charging power, and charging rate for the battery B. Then, the battery control unit BS sends the power receiving side information to the power receiving communication unit 9.
- the power feeding device S when the moving body enters the stop space, the power feeding device S starts feeding the power receiving device R of the moving body.
- the power supply communication unit 4 of the power supply device S continuously transmits a communication request signal at a constant period, while the power reception communication unit 9 of the power reception device R receives the communication when the mobile object enters the stop space. Since the request signal can be received, an answer signal is transmitted to the power supply communication unit 4 in response to the communication request signal.
- the power supply communication unit 4 receives the response signal, the power supply communication unit 4 notifies the switching control unit 6 of the reception of the response signal via the switching frequency setting unit 5. As a result, the switching control unit 6 determines (recognizes) that the moving body has entered the power supplyable area.
- the switching control part 6 transmits the transmission request
- SOC charge rate
- the switching control unit 6 When the switching control unit 6 acquires the switching frequency set value in this way, the switching control unit 6 starts generating the PWM signal, thereby causing the inverter circuit 2 to start generating AC power. That is, the switching control unit 6 generates a PWM signal having a repetition frequency corresponding to the switching frequency setting value and a predetermined duty ratio, and outputs the PWM signal to the inverter circuit 2. AC power having a switching frequency f corresponding to the switching frequency setting value is generated based on the PWM signal and output to the power supply resonance circuit 3.
- the AC power having the switching frequency f is transmitted in a non-contact manner from the power supply coil 3 a of the power supply resonance circuit 3 to the power reception coil 7 a of the power reception resonance circuit 7 and is input from the power supply resonance circuit 3 to the power reception rectifier circuit 8. It is converted (rectified) into DC power.
- This DC power is supplied from the power receiving rectifier circuit 8 to the battery B and charged.
- the charging rate (SOC) of the battery B is higher than that before the start of charging.
- Such an increase in the charging rate (SOC) is measured by monitoring the charging voltage by the battery control unit BS, and is transmitted from the battery control unit BS to the power feeding communication unit 4 via the power receiving communication unit 9.
- the power supply communication unit 4 supplies the switching frequency setting unit 5 to update the switching frequency f.
- the non-contact power feeding from the power feeding device S to the power receiving device R gradually increases the charging rate (SOC) of the battery B.
- the switching frequency f is in the state charging rate (SOC) is lower than the threshold value a (stationary charging period) a steady switching frequency f 0, late after the charging rate (SOC) reaches a threshold value a
- the switching frequency f is increased linearly as the charging rate (SOC) increases.
- the steady switching frequency f 0 is set to be the same as the resonance frequency of the contactless power feeding system, the power factor between the output voltage and the output current from the inverter circuit 2 becomes the highest, that is, the power factor is “1”.
- the switching frequency f gradually changes greatly from the resonance frequency of the power supply resonance circuit 3 and the power reception resonance circuit 7 (that is, the steady switching frequency f 0 ) as the charging rate (SOC) increases. This is a charging period in which the AC power amount (power factor) gradually decreases and the charging current finally approaches “zero”.
- the power feeding device S adjusts the amount of AC power transmitted by setting the frequency of the AC power. That is, the power supply device S adjusts the amount of AC power by changing the switching frequency f of AC power. Since the power feeding device S also has a charging current adjusting function, the power receiving device R does not need to be provided with a charging current adjusting function like a conventional DC-DC converter. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the power supply to the battery B can be adjusted even if the power receiving device R does not have a function for adjusting the power supplied to the battery B (DC-DC converter or the like).
- the charging rate (SOC) that changes from moment to moment after the start of power feeding is sequentially obtained from the power receiving device R and the switching frequency f is changed, real-time and fine charging control for the battery B is realized. can do.
- the switching frequency f is to linearly changes gradually larger from a steady switching frequency f 0 with increasing charging rate (SOC) in the later charging period
- the present invention is limited to Not.
- the switching frequency f is linearly changes gradually decreased from the steady switching frequency f 0 with increasing charging rate (SOC).
- SOC charging rate
- the switching frequency setting unit 5 determines the battery B (load) based on the output current and output voltage of the power supply rectifier circuit 1 or the inverter circuit 2.
- the charging rate, impedance, charging voltage, etc. may be estimated sequentially.
- the storage unit 10 stores in advance a control table indicating the relationship between the charging rate, impedance, charging voltage, and the like and the switching frequency f.
- the switching frequency setting unit 5 sets the switching frequency f by sequentially searching the switching frequency f corresponding to the estimated value of the impedance from the control table. Then, when the estimated impedance value is equal to or higher than the impedance corresponding to the threshold value a in FIG. 2, the switching frequency f is changed.
- the power feeding communication unit 4 acquisition unit
- the power receiving communication unit 9 can be omitted, and the configuration of each device can be simplified.
- the charging current, the charging voltage, the charging power, the charging rate (SOC) or the impedance of the battery B that changes every moment after the start of power feeding is sequentially acquired as the power receiving side information.
- the storage unit 10 stores in advance a control table indicating the relationship between the charging time of the battery B and the charging rate (SOC), and the switching frequency setting unit 5 acquires the power receiving side information only once in the initial stage after the start of power feeding. To do.
- the switching frequency setting unit 5 can predict how long the current charging is continued and the charging rate becomes equal to or higher than the threshold value a in FIG. . And the switching frequency setting part 5 can change the switching frequency f at the estimated timing. In this case, since the power feeding communication unit 4 and the power receiving communication unit 9 do not need to communicate with each other many times, the communication load of the power feeding communication unit 4 and the power receiving communication unit 9 can be reduced.
- the power supply communication unit 4 acquires the charging current, charging voltage, charging power, charging rate (SOC) or impedance of the battery B as the power receiving side information, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the charging current, the charging voltage, the charging power, the charging rate (SOC), or the impedance for example, an instruction to reduce the power supply to the battery B (secondary battery) may be acquired as the power receiving side information.
- the battery control unit BS determines that the power supply to the battery B is reduced when the charging rate (SOC), the impedance of the battery B, or the charging voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- An instruction to reduce power supply to B is output to the power receiving communication unit 9.
- the power reception communication unit 9 transmits such an instruction to the power supply communication unit 4.
- the switching frequency setting unit 5 changes the switching frequency f according to the power receiving side information input from the power supply communication unit 4.
- the battery control unit BS When the power supply communication unit 4 acquires such an instruction, the battery control unit BS has the right to determine the change of the switching frequency f, so that the load on the switching frequency setting unit 5 is reduced. Further, when the power receiving device R is mounted on the vehicle, the vehicle includes a high-performance arithmetic processing device such as an ECU (Engine Control Unit), and thus the battery control unit BS is replaced with such an arithmetic processing device. Can be realized. When the calculation processing device of the vehicle determines the power supply decrease timing, the processing capability of this device can be used effectively.
- ECU Engine Control Unit
- the frequency control table indicating the relationship between the charging rate (SOC) of the battery B and the switching frequency f is used.
- the charging rate (SOC) and switching are performed for each of a plurality of types of batteries B having different characteristics.
- charging control corresponding to a plurality of types of batteries B can be realized.
- the power receiving communication unit 9 acquires the power receiving side information from the battery control unit BS, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a function unit (measurement unit) 11 that measures power-receiving-side information such as the charging voltage and charging power of the battery B and generates power-receiving-side information is newly provided in the power receiving device R.
- the power receiving communication unit 9 may acquire the power receiving side information generated by the unit 11 via the power receiving communication unit 9. Thereby, even if the battery B is an inexpensive battery not accompanied by the battery control unit BS, the control for fully charging the battery B is realized.
- the measurement unit 11 is, for example, a voltage sensor that measures a charging voltage.
- the measurement unit 11 includes, for example, a voltage sensor that measures a charging voltage, a current sensor that measures a charging current, and a power calculator that measures charging power by time-averaging a value obtained by multiplying the charging voltage and the charging current. It consists of.
- the steady switching frequency f 0 is the same as the resonance frequency, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the switching frequency setting unit 5 sets the switching frequency as the phase difference is larger than that in the steady-state switching frequency f 0.
- the load is the battery B.
- the load in the present invention is not limited to the battery B, and includes various power storage devices and various devices that receive power supply and execute a predetermined function. To do.
- the arrangement and configuration of the capacitors 3b and 7b of the power supply resonance circuit 3 and the power reception resonance circuit 7 may be appropriately changed.
- the meaning of the technical idea of an expression such as “reach”, “more than”, or “lower” than the threshold is not necessarily included. It is not a strict meaning, but includes the meaning when the reference value is included or not included depending on the specifications of the power feeding device and the power receiving device.
- “reaching” or “above” the threshold value may imply not only the case where the comparison target exceeds the threshold value but also the case where the threshold value is exceeded.
- “lower” than the threshold value may imply not only when the comparison target is less than the threshold value but also when the comparison target is less than or equal to the threshold value.
- the non-contact power supply system is a system that complies with the magnetic field resonance method, but the present invention is not limited to this mode.
- the contactless power supply system may be any system in which the power characteristics on the power receiving side change due to changes in power characteristics on the power transmission side (frequency, duty ratio described later, etc.). For example, even an electromagnetic induction system Good.
- the battery control unit BS obtains the impedance of the battery B, but the present invention is not limited to this aspect. Even if the battery control unit BS transmits the charging voltage and charging current of the battery B to the power feeding communication unit 4 via the power receiving communication unit 9, and the power feeding control unit E calculates the impedance based on the charging voltage and charging current. Good.
- the AC power of the inverter circuit 2 is adjusted so that the battery B is fully charged by adjusting the switching frequency of the inverter circuit 2, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the AC power of the inverter circuit 2 may be adjusted (changed) so that the battery B is fully charged by adjusting the duty ratio of on / off of switching in the inverter circuit 2. The longer the time during which switching in the inverter circuit 2 is on, the greater the power output from the inverter circuit 2. Therefore, the power output from the inverter circuit 2 changes by changing the switching on / off time.
- the power feeding device S can include a duty ratio setting unit instead of the switching frequency setting unit 5.
- the duty ratio setting unit includes, for example, a table (duty ratio control table) in which the relationship between the charging voltage of the battery B and the switching duty ratio in the inverter circuit 2 is registered as a plurality of data.
- the ratio setting value (duty ratio setting value) is output to the switching control unit 6.
- the AC power of the inverter circuit 2 is adjusted so that the battery B is fully charged by adjusting the phase difference of switching between the two legs in which two switching transistors (switching elements) in the inverter circuit 2 are connected in series. It may be adjusted (may be changed). Due to the switching phase difference, the conduction time of the inverter circuit changes, and the power output from the inverter circuit 2 increases as the conduction time increases. Therefore, the electric power output from the inverter circuit 2 changes by changing the switching phase difference.
- the power feeding device S includes a phase difference setting unit instead of the switching frequency setting unit 5.
- This phase difference setting unit includes, for example, a table (phase difference control table) in which the relationship between the charging voltage and the above-described phase difference in the inverter circuit 2 is registered as a plurality of data, and setting of the phase difference according to the charging voltage.
- the value (phase difference setting value) is output to the switching control unit 6.
- the battery control unit BS acquires the charging voltage, the charging power, the charging rate, and the like for the battery B as the power receiving side information, but the present invention is not limited to this aspect.
- the battery control unit BS can calculate a power (or current) target value of the power supplied from the power supply device S to the power reception device R and output the target value to the power reception communication unit 9.
- the power (or current) target value of the power supplied from the power feeding device S to the power receiving device R corresponds to the target value for charging power (or charging current) to the battery B, and the power (current) to be charged in the battery B It is.
- the battery control unit BS since there is a desired current to be input to the battery B, the battery control unit BS sends the value of the desired current to the power feeding device S. Thereby, the power feeding control unit E can control the inverter circuit 2 so as to output electric power necessary for inputting a desired current to the battery B. Thereby, CC charge system is realized.
- the present invention it is possible to adjust the power supply to the load even if the power receiving device does not have a function of adjusting the power supplied to the load.
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年3月18日に日本国に出願された特願2014-55053号と、2014年4月11日に日本国に出願された特願2014-81973号と、に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明の第7の態様は、上記第4~第6のいずれかの態様において、上記情報は、上記二次電池の充電電圧あるいはインピーダンスである。
本発明の第10の態様は、上記第1~第9のいずれかの態様において、上記給電制御部は、上記インバータ回路のスイッチング周波数を調整する。
本発明の第11の態様は、上記第1~第10のいずれかの態様において、上記給電制御部は、上記インバータ回路のオン/オフのデューティ比を調整する。
本発明の第12の態様は、上記第1~第11のいずれかの態様において、上記給電制御部は、上記インバータ回路における2つのスイッチング素子が直列接続された2つのレグのスイッチングの位相差を調整する。
本実施形態に係る非接触給電システムは、図1に示すように、給電装置Sと受電装置Rによって構成されている。上記給電装置Sは、図示するように、給電整流回路1、インバータ回路2、給電共振回路3、給電通信部4(取得部)、スイッチング周波数設定部5、スイッチング制御部6及び記憶部10から構成されている。
また、本実施形態によれば、給電開始後に時々刻々と変化する充電率(SOC)を受電装置Rから順次取得してスイッチング周波数fを変化させるので、バッテリBに対するリアルタイムかつ細かな充電制御を実現することができる。
(1)上記実施形態では、後期充電期間においてスイッチング周波数fが充電率(SOC)の増加に伴って定常スイッチング周波数f0から直線的に漸次大きく変化するようにしたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。例えば、図2の(a)に二点鎖線で示すように、スイッチング周波数fが充電率(SOC)の増加に伴って定常スイッチング周波数f0から直線的に漸次小さく変化するようにしてもよい。また、直線的に漸次変移することに代えて段階的にステップ状に変化させてもよい。
R 受電装置
B バッテリ
1 給電整流回路
2 インバータ回路
3 給電共振回路
3a 給電コイル
3b 給電コンデンサ
4 給電通信部(取得部)
5 スイッチング周波数設定部
6 スイッチング制御部
7 受電共振回路
7a 受電コイル
7b 受電コンデンサ
8 受電整流回路
9 受電通信部(提供部)
10 記憶部
11 測定部
Claims (14)
- 給電コイルを受電装置の受電コイルに磁気結合させることによりインバータ回路で発生させた交流電力を前記受電装置に非接触で伝送する給電装置であって、
前記受電装置に接続された負荷への給電状態に関する情報に応じて前記交流電力が変化するように前記インバータ回路を制御する給電制御部を備える給電装置。 - 前記受電装置から前記情報を取得する取得部をさらに備える請求項1記載の給電装置。
- 前記負荷は二次電池であり、
前記取得部は、前記二次電池への給電を低下させる指示を前記情報として取得し、
前記給電制御部は、前記情報に基づいて前記交流電力を変化させる請求項2記載の給電装置。 - 前記負荷は二次電池であり、
前記給電制御部は、前記情報に基づいて前記二次電池への給電を低下させるタイミングを判断し、前記判断の結果に基づいて前記交流電力を変化させる請求項2記載の給電装置。 - 前記取得部は、前記交流電力の伝送を開始すると、前記情報を1回取得し、
前記給電装置は、前記二次電池の充電時間と前記情報との関係を予め記憶する記憶部を備え、
前記給電制御部は、前記関係と前記情報とに基づいて前記二次電池への給電を低下させるタイミングを判断する請求項4記載の給電装置。 - 前記記憶部は、特性が異なる二次電池毎に前記二次電池の充電時間と充電電力との関係を記憶する請求項5記載の給電装置。
- 前記情報は、前記二次電池の充電電圧あるいはインピーダンスである請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記負荷は二次電池であり、
前記給電装置は、前記負荷のインピーダンスと前記交流電力を変化させるタイミングとの関係を記憶する記憶部をさらに備え、
前記給電制御部は、前記インバータ回路の入力電流及び入力電圧、あるいは前記インバータ回路の出力電流及び出力電圧に基づいて前記負荷のインピーダンスを特定し、特定された前記インピーダンス及び前記関係に基づいて前記交流電力を変化させる請求項1記載の給電装置。 - 前記給電制御部は、前記二次電池の充電状態が満充電に近づくほど前記インバータ回路の出力電流と出力電圧との位相差が大きくなるように、前記インバータ回路を制御する請求項3~8のいずれか一項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記給電制御部は、前記インバータ回路のスイッチング周波数を調整する請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記給電制御部は、前記インバータ回路のオン/オフのデューティ比を調整する請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記給電制御部は、前記インバータ回路における2つのスイッチング素子が直列接続された2つのレグのスイッチングの位相差を調整する請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の給電装置。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の給電装置と、前記受電装置とを備える非接触給電システム。
- 前記受電装置は、
前記受電コイルが前記給電コイルから受電した交流電力を整流して前記負荷である二次電池に供給する受電整流回路と、
前記給電状態に関する情報を前記給電装置に提供する提供部と
を備える請求項13記載の非接触給電システム。
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CN201580013799.0A CN106104963B (zh) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-12 | 供电装置以及非接触供电系统 |
EP15764168.9A EP3121932B1 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-12 | Power supply device and non-contact power supply system |
JP2016508683A JP6206579B2 (ja) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-12 | 給電装置及び非接触給電システム |
US15/236,540 US10177591B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2016-08-15 | Power-transmitting device and wireless power transmission system |
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JP2018038105A (ja) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-08 | 株式会社Ihi | 送電装置 |
WO2018043297A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-08 | 株式会社Ihi | 送電装置 |
US10778040B2 (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2020-09-15 | Ihi Corporation | Power transmitter |
JP2022158970A (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-17 | オムロン株式会社 | 無線充電システム、送信側充電装置及び受信側充電装置 |
KR20230160416A (ko) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-11-24 | 대영채비(주) | 무선전력 전송장치 및 방법 |
KR102619804B1 (ko) * | 2022-05-16 | 2024-01-03 | 대영채비(주) | 무선전력 전송장치 및 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN106104963A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
JP6206579B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
US10177591B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
EP3121932A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
US20160352139A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
EP3121932B1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
JPWO2015141554A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
CN106104963B (zh) | 2018-12-28 |
EP3121932A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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