WO2015139200A1 - 光栅耦合器及其制作方法 - Google Patents

光栅耦合器及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015139200A1
WO2015139200A1 PCT/CN2014/073606 CN2014073606W WO2015139200A1 WO 2015139200 A1 WO2015139200 A1 WO 2015139200A1 CN 2014073606 W CN2014073606 W CN 2014073606W WO 2015139200 A1 WO2015139200 A1 WO 2015139200A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
waveguide
grating
optical signal
diffraction grating
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PCT/CN2014/073606
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
涂鑫
付红岩
赵飞
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2016558109A priority Critical patent/JP2017513056A/ja
Priority to CN201480077242.9A priority patent/CN106461865A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/073606 priority patent/WO2015139200A1/zh
Publication of WO2015139200A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015139200A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/1228Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communications, and in particular to a grating coupler and a method of fabricating the same. Background technique
  • silicon As a basic material for electronic devices, silicon has been attracting more and more attention in photonics in recent years.
  • the combination of silicon-based optoelectronics and optical communication technology is an important technology for developing global information technology.
  • the technology is to fabricate devices such as lasers, modulators, detectors, and optical switches that were originally fabricated on different material substrates into SOI (Silicon On Insulator) compatible with CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) processes.
  • SOI Silicon On Insulator
  • CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit
  • the silicon-based PIC chip has broken through.
  • the inherent characteristics and process limitations of different materials have low power consumption, compatibility with control circuits and drive circuit processes.
  • the prior art generally couples the optical signal of the optical fiber to the waveguide in the silicon-based PIC chip by grating coupling, and the grating coupling is that the optical fiber diffracts light into the waveguide through the grating coupler from the top or bottom surface of the chip, a general grating coupler, It is necessary to follow the diffraction law (Prague equation) and its symmetry limits the efficiency of the one-sided coupling. It is usually necessary to tilt the fiber by 10. Aligning left and right increases the difficulty of packaging and alignment of the device, and also brings inconvenience to the integrated vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEU Vertical - Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser. Therefore, a grating capable of vertical coupling is required. Coupler. Although there are corresponding vertical coupling solutions in the prior art, the existing vertical coupling grating couplers have problems in that it is difficult to integrate with high density, large loss, and complicated manufacturing process.
  • the grating coupler and the manufacturing method thereof provided by the embodiments of the invention are easy to integrate with high density, have small coupling loss, and have simple manufacturing process on the basis of vertical coupling.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a grating coupler, including: a substrate layer, a reflective layer disposed on the substrate layer, and a first limiting layer disposed on the reflective layer, disposed on the first a waveguide core layer on the confinement layer, the waveguide core layer including a submicron waveguide, a tapered waveguide, a fan diffraction grating, and an arc distributed Bragg reflection grating, the submicron waveguide being connected to a narrow end of the tapered waveguide a wide end of the tapered waveguide is connected to a concave surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating, a convex surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is connected to a concave surface of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating, and a second limiting layer is disposed on the waveguide core layer ;
  • the second limiting layer is configured to receive a first optical signal transmitted along a first transmission axis direction, and transmit the first optical signal to the sector diffraction grating, wherein the first transmission axis and the a plane in which the waveguide core layer is perpendicular; the fan-shaped diffraction grating for receiving the first optical signal from the second limiting layer, and deflecting a propagation direction of the first optical signal to a second transmission axis Directionally propagating, and transmitting the first optical signal to the tapered waveguide, wherein a direction of the first transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the second transmission axis; the tapered waveguide is configured to receive from a first optical signal of the fan-shaped diffraction grating, and transmitting the first optical signal to the sub-micron waveguide; or
  • the tapered waveguide is configured to receive a second optical signal transmitted from the sub-micron waveguide in a direction of a third transmission axis, and transmit the second optical signal to the fan-shaped diffraction grating; the fan-shaped diffraction grating And receiving the second optical signal from the tapered waveguide, and deflecting a propagation direction of the second optical signal to propagate along a fourth transmission axis direction, and transmitting the second optical signal to the a second limiting layer, wherein a direction of the third transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the fourth transmission axis; the second limiting layer is configured to receive a second optical signal from the fan-shaped diffraction grating, and The second optical signal is output.
  • the thickness of the waveguide core layer is 0. 2 ⁇ 0. 4 ⁇ m;
  • the width of the yakimi waveguide is 0. 4 ⁇ 0. 6 ⁇ m ;
  • the length of the tapered waveguide is 10-20 ⁇ m, the width of the wide end of the tapered waveguide is 10-20 ⁇ m, and the outer contour of the tapered waveguide is linear or arc-shaped;
  • the fan-shaped diffraction grating has a length of 8 to 15 ⁇ m, and the fan-shaped diffraction grating has a radius of 15 to 30 ⁇ , and the fan-shaped diffraction grating has an etching depth smaller than a thickness of the waveguide core layer;
  • the distance between the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating and the fan-shaped diffraction grating is 0.5 to 1. 0 ⁇ m.
  • the reflective layer is a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating, and the total period of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating The number is not less than 3, and the distance between the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer is 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • a center of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating coincides with a center of the fan-shaped diffraction grating.
  • the materials of the first limiting layer and the second limiting layer are all silicon dioxide.
  • the material of the underlayer and the waveguide core layer is silicon.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a grating coupler, including: a substrate layer, a first limiting layer disposed on the substrate layer, a waveguide core layer disposed on the first limiting layer, the waveguide
  • the core layer includes a submicron waveguide, a tapered waveguide, a sector diffraction grating, and an arc distributed Bragg reflection grating, the submicron waveguide being connected to a narrow end of the tapered waveguide, a wide end of the tapered waveguide and the sector a concave surface of the diffraction grating, the convex surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is connected to the concave surface of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating, and the second confinement layer disposed on the waveguide core layer is disposed on the second confinement layer Reflective layer
  • the first limiting layer is configured to receive a first optical signal transmitted along a first transmission axis direction, and transmit the first optical signal to the sector diffraction grating, where a transmission axis perpendicular to a plane in which the waveguide core layer is located; the sector diffraction grating for receiving the first optical signal from the second limiting layer, and deflecting a propagation direction of the first optical signal Propagating in a direction along the second transmission axis, and transmitting the first optical signal to the tapered waveguide, wherein a direction of the first transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the second transmission axis; a waveguide, configured to receive a first optical signal from the fan-shaped diffraction grating, and transmit the first optical signal to the sub-micron waveguide; or
  • the tapered waveguide is configured to receive a second optical signal transmitted from the sub-micron waveguide in a direction of a third transmission axis, and transmit the second optical signal to the fan-shaped diffraction grating; the fan-shaped diffraction grating And receiving the second optical signal from the tapered waveguide, and deflecting a propagation direction of the second optical signal to propagate along a fourth transmission axis direction, and transmitting the second optical signal to the a first limiting layer, wherein a direction of the third transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the fourth transmission axis; the first limiting layer is configured to receive a second optical signal from the fan-shaped diffraction grating, and The second optical signal is output.
  • the thickness of the waveguide core layer is 0.2 to 0.4 ⁇ m
  • the width of the yakimi waveguide is 0.4 ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ m;
  • the length of the tapered waveguide is 10-20 ⁇ m, and the width of the wide end of the tapered waveguide is 10-20 ⁇ m, and the outer contour of the tapered waveguide is linear or arc-shaped;
  • the length of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is 8 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, and the radius of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is 15 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m;
  • the distance between the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating and the fan-shaped diffraction grating is 0.5 to 1. 0 ⁇ m.
  • the reflective layer is a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating, and the total period of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating The number is not less than 3, and the distance between the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer is 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • a center of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating coincides with a center of the fan-shaped diffraction grating.
  • the substrate in combination with the second aspect, includes a first opening, and the first opening is connected to the optical signal input unit;
  • the first opening is connected to the optical signal receiving unit.
  • the optical signal input unit is a single mode fiber, or a vertical cavity surface emitting laser VC S E L .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fabricating a grating coupler, including:
  • Silica is deposited on the waveguide core layer to form a second confinement layer, and backside etching and chemical mechanical polishing are performed.
  • the forming the waveguide core layer on the reflective layer specifically includes:
  • a fan-shaped diffraction grating is formed on the waveguide core layer by a single engraving process.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fabricating a grating coupler, including:
  • the forming a waveguide core layer on the reflective layer includes:
  • An arc-shaped distribution Bragg grating and a sector diffraction grating are respectively formed on the waveguide core layer by an etching process.
  • the method further includes: at the silicon substrate layer A first opening is formed.
  • the grating coupler includes a substrate layer, a reflective layer disposed on the substrate layer, and a first limiting layer disposed on the reflective layer, disposed on the first a waveguide core layer on a confinement layer, the waveguide core layer comprising a submicron waveguide, a tapered waveguide, a fan diffraction grating, and an arc distributed Bragg reflection grating, the submicron waveguide being connected to a narrow end of the tapered waveguide, a wide end of the tapered waveguide is coupled to a concave surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating, a convex surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is coupled to a concave surface of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating, and a second surface is disposed on the waveguide core layer a second limiting layer, configured to receive a first optical signal transmitted along a first transmission axis direction, and
  • a fan-shaped diffraction grating structure is used on the basis of vertical coupling, thereby avoiding a long tapered connecting waveguide in the conventional strip grating, which makes the device more compact and easy to integrate with high density; a tapered waveguide, Thereby, the coupling loss is reduced, and the preparation process is simple, and is suitable for low-cost, large-scale manufacturing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a grating coupler according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a waveguide coupler core layer according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a first schematic diagram showing the relationship between wavelength and coupling efficiency of a grating coupler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram 2 showing a relationship between a wavelength of a grating coupler and a coupling efficiency according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a grating coupler according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for fabricating a grating coupler according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating coupler according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a grating coupler according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view 4 of the grating coupler provided in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating coupler according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a method for fabricating a grating coupler according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for fabricating a grating coupler according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a grating coupler according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a grating coupler according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a grating coupler according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a grating coupler according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating coupler according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the grating coupler provided in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the grating coupler provided in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a grating coupler.
  • the apparatus includes: a substrate layer 10, a reflective layer 11, a first confinement layer 12, a waveguide core layer 13, and a second confinement layer 14.
  • the reflective layer 11 is disposed on the substrate layer 10
  • the first limiting layer 12 is disposed on the reflective layer 11
  • the waveguide core layer 13 is disposed on the first layer
  • the second confinement layer 14 is disposed on the waveguide core layer 13.
  • the waveguide core layer 13 includes a submicron waveguide 130, a tapered waveguide 131, a sector diffraction grating 132, and an arc distributed Bragg reflection grating 133, and the submicron waveguide 130 and the tapered
  • the narrow end of the waveguide 131 is connected, the wide end of the tapered waveguide 131 is connected to the concave surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132, and the convex surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 is connected to the concave surface of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating 133.
  • the second limiting layer 14 is configured to receive a first optical signal transmitted along a first transmission axis direction, and transmit the first optical signal to the sector diffraction grating 132, where the first transmission The axis is perpendicular to a plane in which the waveguide core layer 13 is located; the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 is configured to receive the first optical signal from the second limiting layer 14 and to propagate a direction of the first optical signal Deviating to propagate in a direction of the second transmission axis, and transmitting the first optical signal to the tapered waveguide 131, wherein a direction of the first transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the second transmission axis; a tapered waveguide 131, configured to receive a first optical signal from the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132, and transmit the first optical signal to the sub-micron waveguide 130;
  • the tapered waveguide 131 is configured to receive a second optical signal transmitted from the sub-micron waveguide 130 in a direction of a third transmission axis, and transmit the second optical signal to the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132; a fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 for receiving the second optical signal from the tapered waveguide 131, and deflecting a propagation direction of the second optical signal to propagate along a fourth transmission axis direction, and the second An optical signal is transmitted to the second confinement layer 14, wherein a direction of the third transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the fourth transmission axis; and the second confinement layer 14 is configured to receive a second from the fan diffraction grating 132 a second optical signal, and outputting the second optical signal.
  • the transmission of the optical signal in this embodiment may be the transmission from the optical fiber to the waveguide core layer, or may be the transmission from the waveguide core layer to the optical fiber.
  • the first optical signal may be output by a single mode fiber, or may be output by a VCSEL (Vertica Surface Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser), or may be other optical signal output devices.
  • the embodiment of the invention is not specifically limited thereto.
  • the light is transmitted to the submicron waveguide by the single mode fiber.
  • the signal is taken as an example for explanation.
  • the first optical signal transmitted along the first transmission axis is output by the single mode fiber, and the axis of the single mode fiber is perpendicular to the plane of the waveguide core layer 13 such that the first optical signal output by the single mode fiber is vertically input to the waveguide core layer 13 That is, the direction of the first transmission axis is perpendicular to the plane of the waveguide core layer 13, and the first optical signal output by the single mode fiber is transmitted to the sector diffraction grating 132 of the waveguide core layer 13 via the second confinement layer, and the fan diffraction grating 132 Vertically coupling the first optical signal to deflect the first optical signal to propagate along the second transmission axis direction, the direction of the first transmission axis being perpendicular to the direction of the second transmission axis, that is, the direction of the second transmission axis is parallel to In
  • the reflective layer 11 is used to reflect the optical signals transmitted to the first confinement layer 12 and the reflective layer 11 to the waveguide core layer 13;
  • the arc-distributed Bragg reflection grating 133 is used to transmit the Light signals other than the convex surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 are reflected to the sector diffraction grating 132.
  • the material of the first confinement layer 51 and the second confinement layer 53 may be silicon dioxide or a polymer, and the material of the substrate layer 50 may be silicon or a mixed group of three or five.
  • the waveguide core layer 13 has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 ⁇ m
  • the width of the yakimi waveguide 130 is 0.4 ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ m;
  • the tapered waveguide 131 has a length of 10 to 20 ⁇ m, and the wide end of the tapered waveguide 131 has a width of 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the outer contour of the tapered waveguide 131 is a straight line or a linear arc type;
  • the length of the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 is 15 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, the radius of the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 is 15 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, and the etching depth of the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide core layer 13;
  • the arc between the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating 133 and the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132 is between 0.5 and 1. 0 ⁇ m.
  • the waveguide core layer 13 is a silicon-based SOI (silicon on Insulator) core layer having a thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
  • 1 is a partial structural diagram of the waveguide core layer 13.
  • the width of the submicron waveguide 130 is represented by the letter a in FIG. 2, and its value ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 ⁇ m; the length of the tapered waveguide 131 is used in FIG.
  • the value represented by the letter b is 10 ⁇ 20 ⁇ ⁇
  • the width of the wide end of the tapered waveguide 131 is represented by the letter c in Fig. 2, and its value ranges from 10 to 20 ⁇ ⁇ , and the tapered waveguide 131
  • the outer contour is linear or arcuate, which is used to reduce the loss of optical signal energy;
  • the length of the fan diffraction grating 132 is represented by the letter d in Figure 2, which ranges from 8 to 15 ⁇ m, sector diffraction
  • the radius of the grating 132 is 15 to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the etching depth of the sector diffraction grating 132 is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide core layer 13.
  • the period of the grating is the length from a refractive index change point to an adjacent refractive index change point.
  • one period of the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating 133 is a sum of a bright arc and a dark arc
  • Fig. 2 is a partial structural diagram of the waveguide core layer 13, and the arc-shaped Bragg reflection in Fig. 2
  • the total number of cycles of the grating 133 is 4, and the total number of periods of the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating 133 in the grating coupler of the present embodiment is preferably not less than 6, and may be other values, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the spacing between the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating 133 and the sector diffraction grating 132 is indicated by the letter e in Fig. 2, and its range is from 0.5 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • a center of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating 133 coincides with a center of the fan-shaped diffraction grating 132.
  • the reflective layer 11 is a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating, the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is not less than 3, and the distance between the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer is 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • one period of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is a sum of one bright stripe and one dark stripe, and the total number of periods of the grating coupler parallel distribution Bragg reflection grating of the embodiment is not less than 3, FIG. 1
  • the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is 3; the distance between the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer is 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ ⁇ , and a first limit is set between the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer Layer, therefore, the thickness of the first confinement layer ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the "bright stripes” in the reflective layer 11 represent the low refractive index portions in the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating, and the “dark stripes” indicate the high refractive index portions in the parallel distributed Bragg reflection gratings;
  • the material of the low refractive index portion may be silicon dioxide, and the material of the high refractive index portion in the parallel distribution Bragg reflection grating may be silicon.
  • the grating coupler in this embodiment is an optoelectronic device based on silicon and silicon dioxide materials.
  • the material of the low refractive index portion in the first confinement layer, the second confinement layer and the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating may be silicon dioxide or a polymer; the waveguide core layer, the substrate layer and the parallel
  • the material of the high-refractive-index portion of the distributed Bragg grating may be silicon or a mixture of three or five hybrid semiconductors, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the value of the components in the grating coupler is illustrated by taking an optical signal from a single mode fiber to a submicron waveguide.
  • Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the grating coupler designed by 3D FDTD simulation technology in the communication C band ( Coupling efficiency profile over the wavelength range: 1530 ⁇ 1565nm).
  • the grating coupler realizes the input coupling function to the TE mode optical signal, and the coupling line can be tuned by designing a parallel distance between the Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer in a direction perpendicular to the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating. That is, the coupling line can be tuned by changing the thickness of the first confinement layer, thereby obtaining different bandwidths and maximum coupling efficiency.
  • the thickness of the waveguide core layer is 0.22 ⁇ , wherein the width of the submicron waveguide is 0. 5 ⁇ ⁇ , the width of the wide end of the hammer waveguide is 15 ⁇ ⁇ , its outer contour is linear or arc-shaped, to reduce the loss of optical signal energy.
  • the fan-shaped diffraction grating has a length of 8.7 ⁇ , a grating period of 0.57 ⁇ m, a duty ratio of 0.74, a radius of 25 ⁇ , and a depth of 0.07 ⁇ .
  • the center of the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating coincides with the center of the fan-shaped diffraction grating, that is, the two are concentric, and the concave surface of the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating is connected to the convex surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating.
  • the etching depth of the grating is 0.22 ⁇ m, and the period is 0. 3 ⁇ ⁇ , the duty ratio is 0.37, the total number of cycles is 6, the spacing between the arc-distributed Bragg reflection grating and the fan-shaped diffraction grating It is 0.7 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the period of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is 0.38 ⁇ ⁇ , and the thickness of the silicon film layer in each period is 0.11 ⁇ m, and the total number of cycles is 3.
  • the maximum coupling efficiency at the wavelength of 1543 nm is 82%, and the 3 dB bandwidth is 20 nm; when the Bragg reflection grating is distributed in parallel
  • the distance between the silicon core layer and the silicon core layer is 1.35 ⁇ m, as shown in Fig. 4
  • the maximum coupling efficiency at a wavelength of 1543 nm is 60%, and the 3 dB bandwidth is 40 nm.
  • the coupling line can be tuned by the different distance between the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer of the fabricated grating coupler, that is, the coupling line can be tuned by the thickness of different first limiting layers produced, thereby obtaining different Bandwidth and maximum coupling efficiency.
  • the grating coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention includes a substrate layer, a reflective layer disposed on the substrate layer, a first limiting layer disposed on the reflective layer, and a waveguide core disposed on the first limiting layer a layer
  • the waveguide core layer includes a submicron waveguide, a tapered waveguide, a sector diffraction grating, and an arc distributed Bragg reflection grating, the submicron waveguide being connected to a narrow end of the tapered waveguide, the width of the tapered waveguide The end is connected to the concave surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating, the convex surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is connected to the concave surface of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating, and the second confinement layer is disposed on the waveguide core layer.
  • a fan-shaped diffraction grating structure is used on the basis of vertical coupling, thereby avoiding a long tapered connecting waveguide in the conventional strip grating, which makes the device more compact and easy to integrate with high density;
  • the tapered waveguide reduces the coupling loss, and the preparation process is simple, and is suitable for low-cost, large-scale manufacturing.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a grating coupler.
  • the apparatus includes: a substrate layer 50, a first confinement layer 51, a waveguide core layer 52, a second confinement layer 53, and a reflective layer 54.
  • the first limiting layer 51 is disposed on the substrate layer 50
  • the waveguide core layer 52 is disposed on the first limiting layer 51
  • the second limiting layer 53 is disposed on
  • the reflective layer 54 is disposed on the second limiting layer 53 on the waveguide core layer 52.
  • the top view of the waveguide core layer of the grating coupler of the embodiment is the same as the top view of the waveguide core layer of the first embodiment.
  • the waveguide core layer in this embodiment can be referred to FIG.
  • the waveguide core layer 52 includes a submicron waveguide 130, a tapered waveguide 131, a sector diffraction grating 132, and an arc distributed Bragg reflection grating 133.
  • the submicron waveguide 130 is connected to the narrow end of the tapered waveguide 131.
  • the wide end of the shaped waveguide 131 is connected to the concave surface of the sector diffraction grating 132, and the convex surface of the sector diffraction grating 132 is connected to the concave surface of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating 133.
  • the first limiting layer is configured to receive a first optical signal transmitted along a direction of the first transmission axis, and transmit the first optical signal to the fan-shaped diffraction grating, where the first transmission axis is The plane of the waveguide core layer is perpendicular; the fan-shaped diffraction grating is configured to receive the first optical signal from the second limiting layer, and deflect a propagation direction of the first optical signal to a second Propagating in a transmission axis direction, and transmitting the first optical signal to the tapered waveguide, wherein a direction of the first transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the second transmission axis; Receiving a first optical signal from the fan-shaped diffraction grating and transmitting the first optical signal to the sub-micron waveguide;
  • the tapered waveguide is configured to receive a second optical signal transmitted from the sub-micron waveguide in a direction of a third transmission axis, and transmit the second optical signal to the fan-shaped diffraction grating; the fan-shaped diffraction grating And receiving the second optical signal from the tapered waveguide, and deflecting a propagation direction of the second optical signal to propagate along a fourth transmission axis direction, and transmitting the second optical signal to the a first limiting layer, wherein a direction of the third transmission axis is perpendicular to a direction of the fourth transmission axis; the first limiting layer is configured to receive a second optical signal from the fan-shaped diffraction grating, and The second optical signal is output.
  • the optical signal in this embodiment is transmitted from the bottom surface of the substrate layer to the silicon waveguide, and the optical signal transmission may be transmission from the optical fiber to the waveguide core layer, or may be a waveguide core layer. Transmission to the fiber.
  • the first optical signal may be output by a single mode fiber or by a VCSEL (Vertical-Cavity)
  • the output of the surface-Emitting Laser may be other optical signal output devices, which are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • an optical signal is transmitted to a submicron waveguide by a single mode fiber as an example.
  • the first optical signal transmitted along the first transmission axis is output by the single mode fiber.
  • the axis of the single mode fiber is perpendicular to the plane of the waveguide core layer 52, so that the first optical signal output by the single mode fiber is vertically input into the waveguide core layer 52.
  • the direction of the first transmission axis is perpendicular to the plane of the waveguide core layer 52, and the first optical signal output by the single mode fiber is transmitted to the sector diffraction grating 132 of the waveguide core layer 52 via the first confinement layer, and the fan diffraction grating 132 Vertically coupling the first optical signal to deflect the first optical signal to propagate along the second transmission axis direction, the direction of the first transmission axis being perpendicular to the direction of the second transmission axis, that is, the direction of the second transmission axis is parallel to In a direction in which the waveguide core layer 52 is located, the sector diffraction grating 132 transmits a first optical signal in the second transmission axis direction to the tapered waveguide 131, and the first optical signal is transmitted to the submicron waveguide 130 via the tapered waveguide 131.
  • the thickness of the waveguide core layer is 0.2 ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m;
  • the width of the yakimi waveguide is 0.4 ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ m;
  • the length of the tapered waveguide is 10-20 ⁇ m, and the width of the wide end of the tapered waveguide is 10-20 ⁇ m, and the outer contour of the tapered waveguide is linear or arc-shaped;
  • the length of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is 8 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, and the radius of the fan-shaped diffraction grating is 15 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m;
  • the distance between the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating and the fan-shaped diffraction grating is 0.5 to 1. 0 ⁇ m.
  • each component of the waveguide core layer can be referred to in the first embodiment, and the details are not described herein again.
  • a center of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating coincides with a center of the fan-shaped diffraction grating.
  • the reflective layer is a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating
  • the total number of cycles of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is not less than 3
  • the spacing between the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer is 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • one period of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is The sum of one bright stripe and one dark stripe, the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating of the grating coupler of this embodiment is not less than 3, and the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating in FIG. 5 is 3;
  • Parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating The distance between the waveguide core layer and the waveguide core layer is 0.5 to 1. 5 ⁇ ⁇ , and a second confinement layer is disposed between the parallel distribution Bragg reflection grating and the waveguide core layer. Therefore, the thickness of the second confinement layer ranges from 0. 5 ⁇ 1 . 5 ⁇ m.
  • the "bright stripes” in the reflective layer 5 4 represent the low refractive index portions in the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating
  • the “dark stripes” represent the high refractive index portions in the parallel distributed Bragg reflection gratings
  • the parallel distributed Bragg reflection gratings The material of the low refractive index portion may be silicon dioxide, and the material of the high refractive index portion in the parallel distribution Bragg reflection grating may be silicon.
  • the substrate layer includes a first opening, and the first opening is connected to the optical signal input unit;
  • the first opening is connected to the optical signal receiving unit.
  • a first opening is disposed on a bottom surface of the substrate layer 50, the first opening is connected to the optical signal input unit, or is connected to the optical signal receiving unit, that is, the first opening is used to insert the optical signal input unit.
  • an optical signal receiving unit this embodiment is for inputting an optical signal or receiving an optical signal from a substrate layer to a grating coupler.
  • the grating coupler in this embodiment is an optoelectronic device based on silicon and silicon dioxide materials.
  • the material of the low refractive index portion in the first confinement layer, the second confinement layer, and the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating may be silicon dioxide or a polymer.
  • the material of the high-refractive-index portion of the waveguide core layer, the substrate layer, and the parallel-distributed Bragg reflection grating may be silicon or a mixed group of three or five, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a grating coupler, including a substrate layer, a first confinement layer disposed on the substrate layer, a waveguide core layer disposed on the first confinement layer, and the waveguide core layer includes a submicron a waveguide, a tapered waveguide, a fan-shaped diffraction grating, and an arc-distributed Bragg reflection grating, the sub-micron waveguide being connected to a narrow end of the tapered waveguide, the wide end of the tapered waveguide being connected to a concave surface of the fan-shaped diffraction grating
  • the fan diffraction a convex surface of the grating is connected to the concave surface of the arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating, and a second limiting layer disposed on the waveguide core layer, and a reflective layer disposed on the second limiting layer, by the above technical solution,
  • a fan-shaped diffraction grating structure is used,
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for fabricating a grating coupler, as shown in FIG. 6, including:
  • a silicon wafer is selected as the substrate layer 70, and a plurality of silicon thin films are deposited on the silicon substrate layer 70 by a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique to form a reflective layer 71. .
  • PECVD Pulsma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • the reflective layer 71 is specifically a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating.
  • the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is not less than 3. If the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is 3, that is, the PECVD technique is used in silicon.
  • Three alternating layers of silicon/silicon dioxide film are deposited on the substrate layer 70 to form a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating.
  • a first confinement layer 72 is formed by depositing silicon dioxide on the reflective layer 71 by a PECVD technique.
  • the thickness of the first confinement layer 72 ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the first confinement layer 72 is bonded to the silicon wafer whose surface is covered with the first predetermined thickness oxide layer, and the back surface etching and chemical mechanical polishing are performed, and the first confinement layer 72 is formed.
  • the thickness of the waveguide core layer 73 ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 ⁇ ⁇ ;
  • the length of the grating 731 ranges from 8 to 15 ⁇ , and the etching depth of the sector diffraction grating 731 is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide core layer 73.
  • the space between the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating 730 and the sector diffraction grating 731 is as large as 0.5 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • SiO is deposited on the waveguide core layer 73 by a PECVD technique to form a second confinement layer 74, and back etching and chemical mechanical polishing are performed.
  • FIGS 7 to 11 in this embodiment are schematic diagrams of the structure of the grating coupler in the fabrication, and Figures 7 to 11 are partial schematic diagrams of the grating coupler.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method of fabricating a grating coupler, comprising depositing a plurality of silicon thin films on a silicon substrate layer to form a reflective layer; depositing silicon dioxide on the reflective layer to form a first confinement layer; A waveguide core layer is formed on the confinement layer; silicon dioxide is deposited on the waveguide core layer to form a second confinement layer, and back etching and chemical mechanical polishing are performed.
  • the above preparation process is simple, and is suitable for low-cost, large-scale manufacturing.
  • the grating coupler prepared by the above preparation process uses a fan-shaped diffraction grating structure on the basis of vertical coupling, so that the device is more compact and easy to have high density. Integration; Optimized design of tapered waveguides reduces coupling losses.
  • Embodiment 4 Optimized design of tapered waveguides reduces coupling losses.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fabricating a grating coupler, as shown in FIG. 12, including:
  • S20K deposits silicon dioxide on the silicon substrate layer to form a first confinement layer.
  • a silicon wafer is selected as the substrate layer 80, and a first confinement layer is formed by depositing silicon dioxide on the silicon substrate layer 80 by a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique.
  • PECVD Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • the first confinement layer 81 is bonded to the silicon wafer whose surface is covered with the first predetermined thickness oxide layer, and back etching and chemical mechanical polishing are formed in the first confinement layer.
  • a second predetermined thickness of the waveguide core layer 82; as shown in FIG. 15, an arc-shaped distributed Bragg reflection grating 820 and a sector diffraction grating 821 are respectively formed on the waveguide core layer 82 by a single etching process.
  • the thickness of the waveguide core layer 82 ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 ⁇ m; the length of the sector diffraction grating 821 ranges from 8 to 15 ⁇ .
  • the spacing between the arc-shaped Bragg reflection grating 820 and the sector diffraction grating 821 is 0.5 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • SiO is deposited on the waveguide core layer 82 by a PECVD technique to form a second confinement layer 83, and back etching and chemical mechanical polishing are performed.
  • the second confinement layer 83 has a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • a multilayer silicon film is deposited on the second confinement layer 83 by a PECVD technique to form a reflective layer 84.
  • the reflective layer 84 is specifically a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating.
  • the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is not less than 3. If the total number of periods of the parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating is 3, that is, the PECVD technology is used.
  • Three alternating layers of silicon/silicon dioxide film are deposited on the second confinement layer 83 to form a parallel distributed Bragg reflection grating.
  • the method further includes: forming a first opening 85 in the silicon substrate layer 80, the first opening 85 For inserting an optical signal input unit or an optical signal receiving unit, the grating coupler fabricated in this embodiment is used to input an optical signal from the substrate layer to the grating coupler.
  • Figure 13-18 in this embodiment is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grating coupler in the process, and Figures 13-18 are both grating couplings. A schematic diagram of part of the structure of the combiner.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method of fabricating a grating coupler, including depositing silicon dioxide on a silicon substrate layer to form a first confinement layer; forming a waveguide core layer on the first confinement layer; Depositing silicon dioxide to form a second confinement layer, and performing back etching and chemical mechanical polishing; depositing a plurality of silicon thin films on the second confinement layer to form a reflective layer.
  • the above preparation process is simple, and is suitable for low-cost, large-scale manufacturing.
  • the grating coupler prepared by the above preparation process uses a fan-shaped diffraction grating structure on the basis of vertical coupling, so that the device is more compact and easy to have high density. Integration; Optimized design of tapered waveguides reduces coupling losses.
  • the method of fabricating the grating coupler in the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment is based on silicon and silicon dioxide materials.
  • each part of the grating coupler can also be made of other materials.
  • the first confinement layer and the second confinement layer can also use a polymer; the waveguide core layer and the substrate layer can also be used.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be used. Combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not executed.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be electrical, mechanical or otherwise.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as the units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiment of the present embodiment.
  • each functional unit in various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one place
  • each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

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Abstract

一种光栅耦合器及其制作方法,该光栅耦合器包括衬底层(10)、设置于衬底层(10)上的反射层(11)、设置于反射层(11)上的第一限制层(12)、设置于第一限制层(12)上的波导芯层(13)以及设置于波导芯层(13)上的第二限制层(14)。波导芯层(13)包括亚微米波导(130)、锥形波导(131)、扇形衍射光栅(132)和弧形分布布拉格反射光栅(133)。亚微米波导(130)与锥形波导(131)的窄端连接,锥形波导(131)的宽端与扇形衍射光栅(132)的凹面连接,扇形衍射光栅(132)的凸面与弧形分布布拉格反射光栅(133)的凹面连接。该光栅耦合器在垂直耦合的基础上,易于高密度集成、耦合损耗小。

Description

光栅耦合器及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光通信领域, 尤其涉及光栅耦合器及其制作方法。 背景技术
硅作为电子器件的基本材料, 近年来它在光子学方面的应用越 来越受到研究者们关注, 硅基光电子学和光通信技术的结合, 是发 展全球信息化的重要技术。 该技术是将原先制作在不同材料基片上 的激光器、 调制器、 探测器和光开关等器件统一制作到与 CMOS ( Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor , 互补金属氧化物半 导体) 工艺相兼容的 SOI ( Silicon On Insulator, 绝缘衬底上的 石圭 ) 衬底上, 称为石圭基 PIC ( Photonic Integrated Circuit, 光子 集成回路) 芯片, 与传统的 PID ( Photonic Integrated Device , 光子集成器件) 器件相比, 硅基 PIC 芯片突破了不同材料固有的特 性和工艺的限制, 具有低功耗、 与控制电路和驱动电路工艺兼容等 特点。
现有技术一般通过光栅耦合将光纤的光信号耦合到硅基 PIC 芯 片中的波导, 光栅耦合是光纤从芯片的顶面或底面将光通过光栅耦 合器衍射进波导, 一般的光栅耦合器, 由于需要遵从衍射定律 (布 拉格方程) 且其对称性对单侧耦合效率的限制, 通常需要使光纤倾 斜 10。左右对准, 加大了器件的封装、 对准等的难度, 也给集成垂直 腔面发射激光器 VCSEU Vertical - Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser ) 带来了不便, 因此, 需要一种能够实现垂直耦合的光栅耦合器。 虽 然, 现有技术中也有相应的垂直耦合的解决方案, 但是现有垂直耦 合光栅耦合器存在着难以高密度集成、 损耗大、 以及制作工艺复杂 的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供的光栅耦合器及其制作方法, 在垂直耦合的 基础上, 易于高密度集成、 耦合损耗小, 而且制作工艺简单。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的实施例釆用如下技术方案: 第一方面, 本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器, 包括: 衬底层, 设置于所述衬底层上的反射层, 设置于所述反射层上的第一限制层, 设置于所述第一限制层上的波导芯层, 所述波导芯层包括亚微米波 导、 锥形波导、 扇形衍射光栅和弧形分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述亚 微米波导与所述锥形波导的窄端连接, 所述锥形波导的宽端与所述 扇形衍射光栅的凹面连接, 所述扇形衍射光栅的凸面与所述弧形分 布布拉格反射光栅的凹面连接, 设置于所述波导芯层上的第二限制 层;
其中,
所述第二限制层, 用于接收沿第一传输轴方向传输的第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光栅, 其中, 所述第 一传输轴与所述波导芯层所在的平面垂直; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用 于接收来自所述第二限制层的所述第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信 号的传播方向偏转至沿第二传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第一光信 号传输至所述锥形波导, 其中, 所述第一传输轴的方向与所述第二 传输轴的方向垂直; 所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光 栅的第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述亚微米波导; 或者,
所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述亚微米波导的沿第三传输轴 方向传输的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号传输至所述扇形衍射 光栅; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接收来自所述锥形波导的所述第二 光信号, 并将所述第二光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第四传输轴方向 传播, 以及将所述第二光信号传输至所述第二限制层, 其中, 所述 第三传输轴的方向与所述第四传输轴的方向垂直; 所述第二限制层, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光栅的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信 号输出。
在第一方面第一种可能的实现方式中, 结合第一方面, 所述波 导芯层的厚度为 0. 2 ~ 0. 4 μ m ;
所述亚啟米波导的宽度为 0. 4 ~ 0. 6 μ m ; 所述锥形波导的长度为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导宽端的宽度 为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导的外轮廓为直线型或者抛弧线型;
所述扇形衍射光栅的长度为 8 ~ 15 μ m, 所述扇形衍射光栅的半 径为 15 ~ 30 μ πι, 所述扇形衍射光栅的刻蚀深度小于所述波导芯层 的厚度;
所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅与所述扇形衍射光栅之间的间距 为 0. 5 ~ 1. 0 μ m。
在第一方面第二种可能的实现方式中, 结合第一方面及第一方 面第一种可能的实现方式, 所述反射层为平行分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述平行分布布拉格反射光栅的总周期数不小于 3, 所述平行分布 布拉格反射光栅与所述波导芯层之间的间距为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m。
在第一方面第三种可能的实现方式中, 结合第一方面第一种可 能的实现方式, 所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的圓心与所述扇形衍 射光栅的圓心重合。
在第一方面第四种可能的实现方式中, 结合第一方面, 所述第 一限制层、 所述第二限制层的材料均为二氧化硅。
在第一方面第五种可能的实现方式中, 结合第一方面, 所述衬 底层、 所述波导芯层的材料为硅。
第二方面, 本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器, 包括: 衬底层, 设置于所述衬底层上的第一限制层, 设置于所述第一限制层上的波 导芯层, 所述波导芯层包括亚微米波导、 锥形波导、 扇形衍射光栅 和弧形分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述亚微米波导与所述锥形波导的窄 端连接, 所述锥形波导的宽端与所述扇形衍射光栅的凹面连接, 所 述扇形衍射光栅的凸面与所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的凹面连 接, 设置于所述波导芯层上的第二限制层, 设置于所述第二限制层 上的反射层;
其中,
所述第一限制层, 用于接收沿第一传输轴方向传输的第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光栅, 其中, 所述第 一传输轴与所述波导芯层所在的平面垂直; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用 于接收来自所述第二限制层的所述第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信 号的传播方向偏转至沿第二传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第一光信 号传输至所述锥形波导, 其中, 所述第一传输轴的方向与所述第二 传输轴的方向垂直; 所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光 栅的第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述亚微米波导; 或者,
所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述亚微米波导的沿第三传输轴 方向传输的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号传输至所述扇形衍射 光栅; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接收来自所述锥形波导的所述第二 光信号, 并将所述第二光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第四传输轴方向 传播, 以及将所述第二光信号传输至所述第一限制层, 其中, 所述 第三传输轴的方向与所述第四传输轴的方向垂直; 所述第一限制层, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光栅的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信 号输出。
在第二方面第一种可能的实现方式中, 结合第二方面, 所述波 导芯层的厚度为 0. 2 ~ 0.4 μ m;
所述亚啟米波导的宽度为 0.4 ~ 0.6 μ m;
所述锥形波导的长度为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导宽端的宽度 为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导的外轮廓为直线型或者抛弧线型;
所述扇形衍射光栅的长度为 8 ~ 15 μ m, 所述扇形衍射光栅的半 径为 15 ~ 30 μ m;
所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅与所述扇形衍射光栅之间的间距 为 0. 5 ~ 1. 0 μ m。
在第二方面第二种可能的实现方式中, 结合第二方面及第二方 面第一种可能的实现方式, 所述反射层为平行分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述平行分布布拉格反射光栅的总周期数不小于 3, 所述平行分布 布拉格反射光栅与所述波导芯层之间的间距为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m。
在第二方面第三种可能的实现方式中, 结合第二方面第二种可 能的实现方式, 所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的圓心与所述扇形衍 射光栅的圓心重合。
在第二方面第四种可能的实现方式中, 结合第二方面, 所述衬 底层包括第一开口, 所述第一开口与光信号输入单元连接;
或者, 所述第一开口与光信号接收单元连接。
在第二方面第五种可能的实现方式中, 结合第二方面第四种可 能的实现方式, 所述光信号输入单元为单模光纤, 或者垂直腔面发 射激光器 VC S E L。
第三方面, 本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 包 括:
在硅衬底层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层;
在所述反射层上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层;
在所述第一限制层上形成波导芯层;
在所述波导芯层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层, 并进行背面 腐蚀和化学机械抛光。
在第三方面的第一种可能实现方式中, 结合第三方面, 所述在 所述反射层上形成波导芯层具体包括:
将所述第 ―限制层与表面覆盖第一预设厚度氧化层的硅片高温 键合, 并背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光, 在所述第一限制层形成第二预 设厚度的波导芯层;
釆用一次刻蚀工艺在所述波导芯层形成弧形分布布拉格反射光 栅;
釆用一次套刻工艺在所述波导芯层形成扇形衍射光栅。
第四方面, 本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 包 括:
在硅衬底层上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层;
在所述第一限制层上形成波导芯层;
在所述波导芯层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层, 并进行背面 腐蚀和化学机械抛光; 在所述第二限制层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层。
在第四方面第一种可能的实现方式中, 结合第四方面, 所述在 所述反射层上形成波导芯层具体包括:
将所述第 ―限制层与表面覆盖第一预设厚度氧化层的硅片高温 键合, 并背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光, 在所述第一限制层形成第二预 设厚度的波导芯层;
釆用一次刻蚀工艺在所述波导芯层分别形成弧形分布布拉格反 射光栅和扇形衍射光栅。
在第四方面第二种可能的实现方式中, 结合第四方面, 所述在 所述第二限制层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层之后, 所述方法还包 括: 在所述硅衬底层形成第一开口。
本发明实施例提供的光栅耦合器及其制作方法, 光栅耦合器包 括衬底层, 设置于所述衬底层上的反射层, 设置于所述反射层上的 第一限制层, 设置于所述第一限制层上的波导芯层, 所述波导芯层 包括亚微米波导、 锥形波导、 扇形衍射光栅和弧形分布布拉格反射 光栅, 所述亚微米波导与所述锥形波导的窄端连接, 所述锥形波导 的宽端与所述扇形衍射光栅的凹面连接, 所述扇形衍射光栅的凸面 与所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的凹面连接, 以及设置于所述波导 芯层上的第二限制层; 其中, 所述第二限制层, 用于接收沿第一传 输轴方向传输的第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述扇形 衍射光栅, 其中, 所述第一传输轴与所述波导芯层所在的平面垂直; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接收来自所述第二限制层的所述第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第二传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第一光信号传输至所述锥形波导, 其中, 所述第一传输 轴的方向与第二传输轴的方向垂直; 所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自 所述扇形衍射光栅的第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述 亚微米波导。 通过以上的技术方案, 在垂直耦合的基础上, 釆用了 扇形衍射光栅结构, 从而避免了传统条形光栅中较长的锥形连接波 导, 使器件更加小型化, 易于高密度集成; 优化设计了锥形波导, 从而降低了耦合损耗, 而且制备工艺简单, 适用于低成本、 大规模 的制造。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案, 下 面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于 本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以 根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例一提供的光栅耦合器侧视结构示意图; 图 2 为本发明实施例一提供的光栅耦合器波导芯层俯视结构示 意图;
图 3为本发明实施例一提供的光栅耦合器波长与耦合效率关系 示意图一;
图 4 为本发明实施例一提供的光栅耦合器波长与耦合效率关系 示意图二;
图 5为本发明实施例二提供的光栅耦合器侧视结构示意图; 图 6 为本发明实施例三提供的光栅耦合器制作方法流程示意 图;
图 7 为本发明实施例三提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意图 图 8 为本发明实施例三提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意图 图 9 为本发明实施例三提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意图 图 1 0 为本发明实施例三提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图四;
图 1 1 为本发明实施例三提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图五;
图 1 2 为本发明实施例四提供的光栅耦合器制作方法流程示意 图;
图 13 为本发明实施例四提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图一;
图 14 为本发明实施例四提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图二;
图 15 为本发明实施例四提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图三;
图 16 为本发明实施例四提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图四;
图 17 为本发明实施例四提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图五;
图 18 为本发明实施例四提供的光栅耦合器制作中的结构示意 图六。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术 方案进行清楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明 一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本 领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他 实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是: 本发明的 "上" "下" 只是参考附图对本发明进 行说明, 不作为限定用语。
实施例一
本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器, 如图 1所示, 该装置包括: 衬底层 10、 反射层 11、 第一限制层 12、 波导芯层 13、 第二限制层 14。
其中, 如图 1 所示, 所述反射层 11设置于所述衬底层 10上, 所述第一限制层 12设置于所述反射层 11上, 所述波导芯层 13设置 于所述第一限制层 12 上, 所述第二限制层 14设置于所述波导芯层 13上。 具体的, 如图 2所示, 所述波导芯层 13 包括亚微米波导 130、 锥形波导 131、 扇形衍射光栅 132和弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133, 所述亚微米波导 130 与所述锥形波导 131 的窄端连接, 所述锥形波 导 131 的宽端与所述扇形衍射光栅 132 的凹面连接, 所述扇形衍射 光栅 132 的凸面与所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133的凹面连接。
其中, 所述第二限制层 14, 用于接收沿第一传输轴方向传输的 第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光栅 132, 其中, 所述第一传输轴与所述波导芯层 13所在的平面垂直; 所述扇 形衍射光栅 132, 用于接收来自所述第二限制层 14的所述第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第二传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第一光信号传输至所述锥形波导 131, 其中, 所述第一 传输轴的方向与所述第二传输轴的方向垂直; 所述锥形波导 131, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光栅 132 的第一光信号, 并将所述第一 光信号传输至所述亚微米波导 130;
或者,
所述锥形波导 131, 用于接收来自所述亚微米波导 130 的沿第 三传输轴方向传输的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号传输至所述 扇形衍射光栅 132; 所述扇形衍射光栅 132, 用于接收来自所述锥形 波导 131 的所述第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号的传播方向偏转 至沿第四传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第二光信号传输至所述第二 限制层 14, 其中, 所述第三传输轴的方向与第四传输轴方向垂直; 所述第二限制层 14, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光栅 132的第二光 信号, 并将所述第二光信号输出。
需要说明的是, 本实施例中的光信号的传输可以是由光纤到波 导芯层的传输, 也可以是波导芯层到光纤的传输。 所述第一光信号 可以是由单模光纤输出的, 也可以是由 VCSEL ( Vert ica卜 Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser,垂直腔面发射激光器) 输出的, 还可以是 其它的光信号输出装置, 本发明实施例对此不做具体限定。
具体的, 如图 1、 图 2 所示, 以单模光纤向亚微米波导传输光 信号为例进行说明。 由单模光纤输出沿第一传输轴方向传输的第一 光信号, 单模光纤的轴线与波导芯层 13所在的平面垂直, 以使得单 模光纤输出的第一光信号垂直输入波导芯层 13, 即第一传输轴的方 向为垂直于波导芯层 13所在平面的方向, 单模光纤输出的第一光信 号经第二限制层传输至波导芯层 13的扇形衍射光栅 132, 扇形衍射 光栅 132 对第一光信号进行垂直耦合, 将第一光信号的偏转至沿第 二传输轴方向传播, 第一传输轴的方向与第二传输轴的方向垂直, 即第二传输轴的方向为平行于波导芯层 13所在平面的方向, 扇形衍 射光栅 132将沿第二传输轴方向的第一光信号传输至锥形波导 131, 第一光信号经过锥形波导 131传输至亚微米波导 130。
本领域技术人员可以理解, 光信号在波导芯层传输过程中, 可 能会有部分光信号透射至第一限制层 12、 或者第二限制层 14、 或者 反射层 11、 或者弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133, 因此, 反射层 11用 于将透射至所述第一限制层 12 和所述反射层 11 的光信号反射至所 述波导芯层 13; 弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133用于将透射至所述扇 形衍射光栅 132 凸面以外的光信号反射至所述扇形衍射光栅 132。
其中, 第一限制层 51、 第二限制层 53 的材料可以为二氧化硅, 也可以为聚合物, 衬底层 50的材料可以为硅, 也可以为三五族混合 半导体。
进一步的, 所述波导芯层 13的厚度为 0.2 ~ 0.4 μ m;
所述亚啟米波导 130的宽度为 0.4 ~ 0.6 μ m;
所述锥形波导 131 的长度为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导 131 宽 端的宽度为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导 131 的外轮廓为直线型或者 抛弧线型;
所述扇形衍射光栅 132的长度为 8 ~ 15 μ m, 所述扇形衍射光栅 132的半径为 15 ~ 30 μ m, 所述扇形衍射光栅 132 的刻蚀深度小于所 述波导芯层 13的厚度;
所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133与所述扇形衍射光栅 132之 间的间 巨为 0. 5 ~ 1. 0 μ m。 具体的, 波导芯层 13 是以硅为衬底的 SOI ( Silicon On Insulator ) 芯层, 它的厚度为 0.2 ~ 0.4 μ m。 图 1 为波导芯层 13 的部分结构示意图, 亚微米波导 130的宽度在图 2 中用字母 a表示, 它的取值范围为 0.4 ~ 0.6 μ m; 锥形波导 131 的长度在图 2 中用字 母 b表示的, 它的取值范围为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 锥形波导 131 宽端的宽 度在图 2 中用字母 c 表示的, 它的取值范围为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 锥形波 导 131 的外轮廓为直线型或者抛弧线型, 用于减少光信号能量的损 耗; 扇形衍射光栅 132 的长度在图 2 中用字母 d表示, 它的取值范 围为 8 ~ 15 μ m, 扇形衍射光栅 132 的半径为 15 ~ 30 μ m, 如图 1 所 示, 扇形衍射光栅 132的刻蚀深度小于波导芯层 13的厚度。
光栅的周期为从一个折射率改变点到相邻一个折射率改变点的 长度。 在图 1 中弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133 的一个周期为一个亮 的弧线和一个暗的弧线之和,图 2为波导芯层 13的部分结构示意图, 图 2 中的弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133 的总周期数为 4, 本实施例 的光栅耦合器中弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133 的总周期数优选为不 小于 6, 也可以为其它的值, 本实施例对此不作限定。 弧形分布布 拉格反射光栅 133与所述扇形衍射光栅 132之间的间距在图 2 中用 字母 e表示, 它的取值范围为 0.5 ~ 1.0 μ m。
进一步的, 所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133 的圓心与所述扇 形衍射光栅 132的圓心重合。
进一步的, 所述反射层 11 为平行分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述平 行分布布拉格反射光栅的总周期数不小于 3, 所述平行分布布拉格 反射光栅与所述波导芯层之间的间距为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m。
具体的, 如图 1 所示, 平行分布布拉格反射光栅的一个周期为 一个亮条纹和一个暗条纹之和, 本实施例的光栅耦合器平行分布布 拉格反射光栅的总周期数不小于 3, 图 1 中平行分布布拉格反射光 栅的总周期数为 3; 平行分布布拉格反射光栅与波导芯层之间的间 距为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ πι, 在平行分布布拉格反射光栅与波导芯层之间设 置有第一限制层, 因此, 第一限制层的厚度取值范围为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m。
在图 1 中, 反射层 11 中的 "亮条纹" 表示平行分布布拉格反射 光栅中的低折射率部分, "暗条纹"表示平行分布布拉格反射光栅中 的高折射率部分; 平行分布布拉格反射光栅中的低折射率部分的材 料可以为二氧化硅,平行分布布拉格反射光栅中的高折射率部分的材 料可以为硅。
需要说明的是,本实施例中的光栅耦合器是基于硅和二氧化硅材料的 光电子器件。 本领域技术人员可以理解, 第一限制层、 第二限制层和 平行分布布拉格反射光栅中的低折射率部分的材料可以为二氧化硅, 也可以为聚合物; 波导芯层、 衬底层和平行分布布拉格反射光栅中 的高折射率部分的材料可以为硅, 也可以为三五族混合半导体, 本 发明实施例对此不作限定。
示例性的, 以光信号从单模光纤耦合到亚微米波导为例进行说 明光栅耦合器中元件的值, 图 3、 图 4 为釆用 3D FDTD仿真技术设 计的光栅耦合器在通信 C 波段 (波长范围为: 1530 ~ 1565nm ) 上的 耦合效率分布图。 该光栅耦合器实现了对 TE模式的光信号的输入耦 合功能, 在垂直于平行分布布拉格反射光栅的方向上, 通过设计平 行分布布拉格反射光栅与波导芯层之间不同的距离可以调谐耦合谱 线, 即通过改变第一限制层的厚度可以调谐耦合谱线, 从而获得不 同的带宽和最大耦合效率。
其中, 仿真中光栅耦合器中各元件的具体参数为: 波导芯层的 厚度为 0. 22 μ πι, 其中, 亚微米波导的宽度为 0. 5 μ πι, 锤形波导宽 端的宽度为 15 μ πι, 它的外轮廓为直线型或者抛弧线型, 用以减少 光信号能量的损耗。 扇形衍射光栅的长度为 8.7 μ πι, 光栅周期为 0.57 μ m, 占空比为 0.74, 半径为 25 μ πι, 刻独深度为 0. 07 μ πι。 弧 形分布布拉格反射光栅的圓心与扇形衍射光栅的圓心重合, 即两者 为同心, 弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的凹面与扇形衍射光栅的凸面连 接, 光栅刻蚀深度是 0.22 μ m, 周期是 0. 3 μ πι, 占空比是 0. 37, 总 周期数是 6, 弧形分布布拉格反射光栅与扇形衍射光栅之间的间距 为 0.7 μ πι。 平行分布布拉格反射光栅周期是 0.38 μ πι, 每个周期内 的硅薄膜层厚度是 0.11 μ m, 总周期数为 3。 当平行分布布拉格反射 光栅与硅波芯层之间的间距为 0.7 μ m时, 如图 3所示, 获得 1543nm 波长处的最大耦合效率是 82%, 3dB 带宽为 20nm; 当平行分布布拉 格反射光栅与硅波芯层之间的间距为 1.35 μ πι时, 如图 4 所示, 获 得 1543nm波长处的最大耦合效率是 60%, 3dB带宽为 40nm。 因此, 通过制作的光栅耦合器的平行分布布拉格反射光栅与波导芯层之间 不同的距离可以调谐耦合谱线, 即通过制作的不同的第一限制层的 厚度可以调谐耦合谱线, 从而获得不同的带宽和最大耦合效率。
本发明实施例提供的光栅耦合器, 包括衬底层, 设置于所述衬 底层上的反射层, 设置于所述反射层上的第一限制层, 设置于所述 第一限制层上的波导芯层, 所述波导芯层包括亚微米波导、 锥形波 导、 扇形衍射光栅和弧形分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述亚微米波导与 所述锥形波导的窄端连接, 所述锥形波导的宽端与所述扇形衍射光 栅的凹面连接, 所述扇形衍射光栅的凸面与所述弧形分布布拉格反 射光栅的凹面连接, 以及设置于所述波导芯层上的第二限制层。 通 过以上的技术方案, 在垂直耦合的基础上, 釆用了扇形衍射光栅结 构, 从而避免了传统条形光栅中较长的锥形连接波导, 使器件更加 小型化, 易于高密度集成; 优化设计了锥形波导, 从而降低了耦合 损耗, 而且制备工艺简单, 适用于低成本、 大规模的制造。 实施例二
本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器, 如图 5所示, 该装置包括: 衬底层 50、 第一限制层 51、 波导芯层 52、 第二限制层 53、 反射层 54。
其中, 如图 5 所示, 所述第一限制层 51 设置于所述衬底层 50 上, 所述波导芯层 52设置于所述第一限制层 51 上, 所述第二限制 层 53设置于所述波导芯层 52上, 所述反射层 54设置于所述第二限 制层 53上。 具体的, 本实施例的光栅耦合器的波导芯层的俯视图与实施例 一中波导芯层的俯视图相同, 为避免附图重复, 本实施例中的波导 芯层可参考图 2所示, 所述波导芯层 52 包括亚微米波导 130、 锥形 波导 131、 扇形衍射光栅 132和弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133, 所述 亚微米波导 130与所述锥形波导 131 的窄端连接,所述锥形波导 131 的宽端与所述扇形衍射光栅 132的凹面连接,所述扇形衍射光栅 132 的凸面与所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 133的凹面连接。
其中, 所述第一限制层, 用于接收沿第一传输轴方向传输的第 一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光栅, 其中, 所述第一传输轴与所述波导芯层所在的平面垂直; 所述扇形衍射光 栅, 用于接收来自所述第二限制层的所述第一光信号, 并将所述第 一光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第二传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第 一光信号传输至所述锥形波导, 其中, 所述第一传输轴的方向与所 述第二传输轴的方向垂直; 所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述扇形 衍射光栅的第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述亚微米波 导;
或者,
所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述亚微米波导的沿第三传输轴 方向传输的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号传输至所述扇形衍射 光栅; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接收来自所述锥形波导的所述第二 光信号, 并将所述第二光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第四传输轴方向 传播, 以及将所述第二光信号传输至所述第一限制层, 其中, 所述 第三传输轴的方向与所述第四传输轴的方向垂直; 所述第一限制层, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光栅的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信 号输出。
需要说明的是, 如图 5 所示, 本实施例中的光信号是从衬底层 的底面传输到硅波导的, 光信号传输可以是由光纤到波导芯层的传 输, 也可以是波导芯层到光纤的传输。 所述第一光信号可以是由单 模 光 纤 输 出 的 , 也 可 以 是 由 VCSEL ( Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser,垂直腔面发射激光器) 输出的, 还可以是 其它的光信号输出装置, 本发明实施例对此不做具体限定。
具体的, 如图 5、 图 2 所示, 以单模光纤向亚微米波导传输光 信号为例进行说明。 由单模光纤输出沿第一传输轴方向传输的第一 光信号, 单模光纤的轴线与波导芯层 52所在的平面垂直, 以使得单 模光纤输出的第一光信号垂直输入波导芯层 52, 即第一传输轴的方 向为垂直于波导芯层 52所在平面的方向, 单模光纤输出的第一光信 号经第一限制层传输至波导芯层 52的扇形衍射光栅 132, 扇形衍射 光栅 132 对第一光信号进行垂直耦合, 将第一光信号的偏转至沿第 二传输轴方向传播, 第一传输轴的方向与第二传输轴的方向垂直, 即第二传输轴的方向为平行于波导芯层 52所在平面的方向, 扇形衍 射光栅 132将沿第二传输轴方向的第一光信号传输至锥形波导 131, 第一光信号经过锥形波导 131传输至亚微米波导 130。
进一步的, 所述波导芯层的厚度为 0.2 ~ 0.4 μ m;
所述亚啟米波导的宽度为 0.4 ~ 0.6 μ m;
所述锥形波导的长度为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导宽端的宽度 为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导的外轮廓为直线型或者抛弧线型;
所述扇形衍射光栅的长度为 8 ~ 15 μ m, 所述扇形衍射光栅的半 径为 15 ~ 30 μ m;
所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅与所述扇形衍射光栅之间的间距 为 0. 5 ~ 1. 0 μ m。
具体的, 如图 2 所示, 波导芯层的各元件的长度或宽度范围说 明可参考实施例一中的描述, 本实施例在此不再赘述。
进一步的, 所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的圓心与所述扇形衍 射光栅的圓心重合。
进一步的, 所述反射层为平行分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述平行 分布布拉格反射光栅的总周期数不小于 3, 所述平行分布布拉格反 射光栅与所述波导芯层之间的间距为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m。
具体的, 如图 5 所示, 平行分布布拉格反射光栅的一个周期为 一个亮条纹和一个暗条纹之和, 本实施例的光栅耦合器平行分布布 拉格反射光栅的总周期数不小于 3 , 图 5 中平行分布布拉格反射光 栅的总周期数为 3 ; 平行分布布拉格反射光栅与波导芯层之间的间 距为 0. 5 ~ 1 . 5 μ πι , 在平行分布布拉格反射光栅与波导芯层之间设 置有第二限制层, 因此, 第二限制层的厚度取值范围为 0. 5 ~ 1 . 5 μ m。
在图 5 中, 反射层 5 4 中的 "亮条纹" 表示平行分布布拉格反射 光栅中的低折射率部分, "暗条纹"表示平行分布布拉格反射光栅中 的高折射率部分; 平行分布布拉格反射光栅中的低折射率部分的材 料可以为二氧化硅,平行分布布拉格反射光栅中的高折射率部分的材 料可以为硅。
进一步的, 所述衬底层包括第一开口, 所述第一开口与光信号 输入单元连接;
或者, 所述第一开口与光信号接收单元连接。
具体的, 如图 5所示, 在衬底层 5 0底面设置有第一开口, 第一 开口与光信号输入单元连接, 或者与光信号接收单元连接, 即第一 开口用于插入光信号输入单元或者光信号接收单元, 本实施例用于 从衬底层向光栅耦合器输入光信号或者接收光信号。
需要说明的是,本实施例中的光栅耦合器是基于硅和二氧化硅材料的 光电子器件。 本领域技术人员可以理解, 第一限制层、 第二限制层和 平行分布布拉格反射光栅中的低折射率部分的材料可以为二氧化硅, 也可以为聚合物。 波导芯层、 衬底层和平行分布布拉格反射光栅中 的高折射率部分的材料可以为硅, 也可以为三五族混合半导体, 本 发明对此不作限定。
本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器, 包括衬底层, 设置于所述 衬底层上的第一限制层, 设置于所述第一限制层上的波导芯层, 所 述波导芯层包括亚微米波导、 锥形波导、 扇形衍射光栅和弧形分布 布拉格反射光栅, 所述亚微米波导与所述锥形波导的窄端连接, 所 述锥形波导的宽端与所述扇形衍射光栅的凹面连接, 所述扇形衍射 光栅的凸面与所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的凹面连接, 以及设置 于所述波导芯层上的第二限制层, 设置于所述第二限制层上的反射 层, 通过以上的技术方案, 在垂直耦合的基础上, 釆用了扇形衍射 光栅结构, 从而避免了传统条形光栅中较长的锥形连接波导, 使器 件更加小型化, 易于高密度集成; 优化设计了锥形波导, 从而降低 了耦合损耗, 而且制备工艺简单, 适用于低成本、 大规模的制造。 实施例三
本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 如图 6 所示, 包括:
5101、 在硅衬底层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层。
具体的, 如图 7 所示, 选取硅片作为衬底层 70, 釆用 PECVD ( Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, 等离子增强的化 学气相沉积) 技术在硅衬底层 70上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层 71。
其中, 反射层 71具体为平行分布布拉格反射光栅, 本实施例中 平行分布布拉格反射光栅的总周期数不小于 3, 若平行分布布拉格 反射光栅的总周期数为 3, 即釆用 PECVD技术在硅衬底层 70上沉积 3层交替间隔的硅 /二氧化硅薄膜形成平行分布布拉格反射光栅。
5102、 在所述反射层上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层。
具体的, 如图 8所示, 釆用 PECVD技术在反射层 71 上沉积二氧 化硅形成第一限制层 72。 其中, 第一限制层 72的厚度范围为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m之间。
5103、 在所述第一限制层上形成波导芯层。
具体的, 如图 9所示, 将第一限制层 72与表面覆盖第一预设厚 度氧化层的硅片高温键合, 并背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光, 在所述第 一限制层 72形成第二预设厚度的波导芯层 73; 如图 10所示, 再釆 用一次刻蚀工艺在所述波导芯层 73 形成弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 730; 釆用一次套刻工艺在所述波导芯层形成扇形衍射光栅 731。
其中, 波导芯层 73的厚度范围为 0.2 ~ 0.4 μ πι之间; 扇形衍射 光栅 731 的长度范围为 8 ~ 15 μ πι, 扇形衍射光栅 731 的刻蚀深度小 于波导芯层 73的厚度。 弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 730与扇形衍射光 栅 731之间的间 巨为 0.5 ~ 1.0 μ m。
S104、 在所述波导芯层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层, 并进 行背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光。
具体的, 如图 11 所示, 釆用 PECVD技术在波导芯层 73上沉积 二氧化硅形成第二限制层 74, 并进行背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光。
需要说明的是, 本实施例中可以釆用 PECVD ( Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, 等离子增强的化学气相沉积) 技术, 也可以釆用其它的半导体工艺技术, 本实施例对此不作限定。 本实 施例中的图 7 ~ 11 为制作中的光栅耦合器结构示意图, 图 7 ~ 11 均 为光栅耦合器的部分结构示意图。
本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 包括在硅衬底 层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层; 在所述反射层上沉积二氧化硅形 成第一限制层; 在所述第一限制层上形成波导芯层; 在所述波导芯 层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层, 并进行背面腐蚀和化学机械抛 光。 上述制备工艺简单, 适用于低成本、 大规模的制造, 通过上述 制备工艺制备的光栅耦合器, 在实现垂直耦合的基础上, 釆用了扇 形衍射光栅结构, 使器件更加小型化, 易于高密度集成; 优化设计 了锥形波导, 从而降低了耦合损耗。 实施例四
本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 如图 12所示, 包括:
S20K 在硅衬底层上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层。
具体的, 如图 13 所示, 选取硅片作为衬底层 80, 釆用 PECVD ( Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition 等离子增强的化 学气相沉积) 技术在硅衬底层 80 上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层
81。 S202、 在所述第一限制层上形成波导芯层。
具体的, 如图 14所示, 将所述第一限制层 81 与表面覆盖第一 预设厚度氧化层的硅片高温键合, 并背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光, 在 所述第一限制层形成第二预设厚度的波导芯层 82; 如图 15 所示, 釆用一次刻蚀工艺在所述波导芯层 82 分别形成弧形分布布拉格反 射光栅 820和扇形衍射光栅 821。
其中, 波导芯层 82的厚度范围为 0.2 ~ 0.4 μ m之间; 扇形衍射 光栅 821 的长度范围为 8 ~ 15 μ πι。 弧形分布布拉格反射光栅 820与 扇形衍射光栅 821之间的间距为 0.5 ~ 1.0 μ m。
S203、 在所述波导芯层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层, 并进 行背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光。
具体的, 如图 16所示, 釆用 PECVD技术在波导芯层 82上沉积 二氧化硅形成第二限制层 83, 并进行背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光。 其 中, 第二限制层 83的厚度范围为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m之间。
S204、 在所述第二限制层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层。
具体的, 如图 17所示, 釆用 PECVD技术在第二限制层 83上沉 积多层硅薄膜形成反射层 84。 其中, 反射层 84 具体为平行分布布 拉格反射光栅, 本实施例中平行分布布拉格反射光栅的总周期数不 小于 3, 若平行分布布拉格反射光栅的总周期数为 3, 即釆用 PECVD 技术在第二限制层 83上沉积 3层交替间隔的硅 /二氧化硅薄膜形成 平行分布布拉格反射光栅。
进一步的, 如图 18所示, 在所述第二限制层上沉积多层硅薄膜 形成反射层之后, 所述方法还包括: 在所述硅衬底层 80形成第一开 口 85, 第一开口 85用于插入光信号输入单元或者光信号接收单元, 本实施例制作的光栅耦合器用于从衬底层向光栅耦合器输入光信 号。
需要说明的是, 本实施例中可以釆用 PECVD技术, 也可以釆用 其它的半导体工艺技术, 本实施例对此不作限定。 本实施例中的图 13 - 18 为制作中的光栅耦合器结构示意图, 图 13 ~ 18 均为光栅耦 合器的部分结构示意图。
本发明实施例提供一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 包括在硅衬底 层上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层; 在所述第一限制层上形成波导 芯层; 在所述波导芯层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层, 并进行背 面腐蚀和化学机械抛光; 在所述第二限制层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成 反射层。 上述制备工艺简单, 适用于低成本、 大规模的制造, 通过 上述制备工艺制备的光栅耦合器, 在实现垂直耦合的基础上, 釆用 了扇形衍射光栅结构, 使器件更加小型化, 易于高密度集成; 优化 设计了锥形波导, 从而降低了耦合损耗。
需要说明的是, 实施例三、 实施例四中的光栅耦合器的制作方法是 基于硅和二氧化硅材料制成的。 本领域技术人员可以理解, 光栅耦合器 中的各部分也可以是通过其它材料制作的, 例如, 第一限制层、 第二限 制层也可以釆用聚合物; 波导芯层、 衬底层也可以釆用三五族混合 半导体, 对于釆用其它可以替换材料通过本实施例中的光栅耦合器 的制作方法制作光栅耦合器, 也属于本发明的保护范围。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中, 应该理解到, 所揭露的系统, 装置和方法, 可以通过其它的方式实现。 例如, 以上所描述的装置 实施例仅仅是示意性的, 例如, 所述模块或单元的划分, 仅仅为一 种逻辑功能划分, 实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式, 例如多个单 元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统, 或一些特征可以忽 略, 或不执行。 另一点, 所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦 合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口, 装置或单元的间接耦合或通信 连接, 可以是电性, 机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分 开的, 作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元, 即可 以位于一个地方, 或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。 可以根据实 际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的 目 的。
另外, 在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处 理单元中, 也可以是各个单元单独物理存在, 也可以两个或两个以 上单元集成在一个单元中。 上述集成的单元既可以釆用硬件的形式 实现, 也可以釆用软件功能单元的形式实现。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围 并不局限于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技 术范围内, 可轻易想到变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围 之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 包括: 衬底层, 设置于所述 衬底层上的反射层, 设置于所述反射层上的第一限制层, 设置于所述 第一限制层上的波导芯层,所述波导芯层包括亚微米波导、锥形波导、 扇形衍射光栅和弧形分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述亚微米波导与所述锥 形波导的窄端连接, 所述锥形波导的宽端与所述扇形衍射光栅的凹面 连接, 所述扇形衍射光栅的凸面与所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的凹 面连接, 设置于所述波导芯层上的第二限制层;
其中,
所述第二限制层, 用于接收沿第一传输轴方向传输的第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光栅, 其中, 所述第一 传输轴与所述波导芯层所在的平面垂直; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接 收来自所述第二限制层的所述第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号的传 播方向偏转至沿第二传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第一光信号传输至 所述锥形波导, 其中, 所述第一传输轴的方向与所述第二传输轴的方 向垂直; 所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光栅的第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述亚微米波导;
或者,
所述锥形波导,用于接收来自所述亚微米波导的沿第三传输轴方 向传输的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光 栅; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接收来自所述锥形波导的所述第二光信 号, 并将所述第二光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第四传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第二光信号传输至所述第二限制层, 其中, 所述第三传输 轴的方向与所述第四传输轴的方向垂直; 所述第二限制层, 用于接收 来自所述扇形衍射光栅的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号输出。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述波导 芯层的厚度为 0. 2 ~ 0. 4 μ m ;
所述亚啟米波导的宽度为 0. 4 ~ 0. 6 μ πι ;
所述锥形波导的长度为 1 0 ~ 2 0 μ πι , 所述锥形波导宽端的宽度为 10 ~ 20 μ m, 所述锥形波导的外轮廓为直线型或者抛弧线型; 所述扇形衍射光栅的长度为 8 ~ 15 μ πι, 所述扇形衍射光栅的半 径为 15 ~ 30 μ πι, 所述扇形衍射光栅的刻蚀深度小于所述波导芯层的 厚度;
所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅与所述扇形衍射光栅之间的间距 为 0.5 ~ 1.0 μ m。
3、 根据权利要求 1 或 2所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述 反射层为平行分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述平行分布布拉格反射光栅的 总周期数不小于 3, 所述平行分布布拉格反射光栅与所述波导芯层之 间的间 巨为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m。
4、 根据权利要求 2 所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述弧形 分布布拉格反射光栅的圓心与所述扇形衍射光栅的圓心重合。
5、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述第一 限制层、 所述第二限制层的材料均为二氧化硅。
6、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述衬底 层、 所述波导芯层的材料为硅。
7、 一种光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 包括: 衬底层, 设置于所述 衬底层上的第一限制层, 设置于所述第一限制层上的波导芯层, 所述 波导芯层包括亚微米波导、 锥形波导、 扇形衍射光栅和弧形分布布拉 格反射光栅, 所述亚微米波导与所述锥形波导的窄端连接, 所述锥形 波导的宽端与所述扇形衍射光栅的凹面连接, 所述扇形衍射光栅的凸 面与所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅的凹面连接, 设置于所述波导芯层 上的第二限制层, 设置于所述第二限制层上的反射层;
其中,
所述第一限制层, 用于接收沿第一传输轴方向传输的第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光栅, 其中, 所述第一 传输轴与所述波导芯层所在的平面垂直; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接 收来自所述第二限制层的所述第一光信号, 并将所述第一光信号的传 播方向偏转至沿第二传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第一光信号传输至 所述锥形波导, 其中, 所述第一传输轴的方向与所述第二传输轴的方 向垂直; 所述锥形波导, 用于接收来自所述扇形衍射光栅的第一光信 号, 并将所述第一光信号传输至所述亚微米波导;
或者,
所述锥形波导,用于接收来自所述亚微米波导的沿第三传输轴方 向传输的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号传输至所述扇形衍射光 栅; 所述扇形衍射光栅, 用于接收来自所述锥形波导的所述第二光信 号, 并将所述第二光信号的传播方向偏转至沿第四传输轴方向传播, 以及将所述第二光信号传输至所述第一限制层, 其中, 所述第三传输 轴的方向与所述第四传输轴的方向垂直; 所述第一限制层, 用于接收 来自所述扇形衍射光栅的第二光信号, 并将所述第二光信号输出。
8、 根据权利要求 7 所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述波导 芯层的厚度为 0.2 ~ 0.4 μ m;
所述亚啟米波导的宽度为 0.4 ~ 0.6 μ πι;
所述锥形波导的长度为 10 ~ 20 μ πι, 所述锥形波导宽端的宽度为 10 ~ 20 μ m, 所述锥形波导的外轮廓为直线型或者抛弧线型;
所述扇形衍射光栅的长度为 8 ~ 15 μ πι, 所述扇形衍射光栅的半 径为 15 ~ 30 μ m;
所述弧形分布布拉格反射光栅与所述扇形衍射光栅之间的间距 为 0.5 ~ 1.0 μ m。
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述 反射层为平行分布布拉格反射光栅, 所述平行分布布拉格反射光栅的 总周期数不小于 3, 所述平行分布布拉格反射光栅与所述波导芯层之 间的间 巨为 0.5 ~ 1.5 μ m。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述弧形 分布布拉格反射光栅的圓心与所述扇形衍射光栅的圓心重合。
11、 根据权利要求 7所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述衬底 层包括第一开口, 所述第一开口与光信号输入单元连接;
或者, 所述第一开口与光信号接收单元连接。
1 2、 根据权利要求 1 1 所述的光栅耦合器, 其特征在于, 所述光 信号输入单元为单模光纤, 或者垂直腔面发射激光器 VC SEL。
1 3、 一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
在硅衬底层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层;
在所述反射层上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层;
在所述第一限制层上形成波导芯层;
在所述波导芯层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层,并进行背面腐 蚀和化学机械抛光。
1 4、 根据权利要求 1 3所述的光栅耦合器的制作方法, 其特征在 于, 所述在所述反射层上形成波导芯层具体包括:
将所述第一限制层与表面覆盖第一预设厚度氧化层的硅片高温 键合, 并背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光, 在所述第一限制层形成第二预设 厚度的波导芯层;
釆用一次刻蚀工艺在所述波导芯层形成弧形分布布拉格反射光 栅;
釆用一次套刻工艺在所述波导芯层形成扇形衍射光栅。
1 5、 一种光栅耦合器的制作方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
在硅衬底层上沉积二氧化硅形成第一限制层;
在所述第一限制层上形成波导芯层;
在所述波导芯层上沉积二氧化硅形成第二限制层,并进行背面腐 蚀和化学机械抛光;
在所述第二限制层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层。
1 6、 根据权利要求 1 5 所述的光栅耦合器的制作方法, 其特征在 于, 所述在所述反射层上形成波导芯层具体包括:
将所述第一限制层与表面覆盖第一预设厚度氧化层的硅片高温 键合, 并背面腐蚀和化学机械抛光, 在所述第一限制层形成第二预设 厚度的波导芯层;
釆用一次刻蚀工艺在所述波导芯层分别形成弧形分布布拉格反 射光栅和扇形衍射光栅。
17、 根据权利要求 15 所述的光栅耦合器的制作方法, 其特征在 于, 所述在所述第二限制层上沉积多层硅薄膜形成反射层之后, 所述 方法还包括: 在所述硅衬底层形成第一开口。
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