WO2015129895A1 - クルミの抽出物を含む抗肥満剤 - Google Patents
クルミの抽出物を含む抗肥満剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015129895A1 WO2015129895A1 PCT/JP2015/055980 JP2015055980W WO2015129895A1 WO 2015129895 A1 WO2015129895 A1 WO 2015129895A1 JP 2015055980 W JP2015055980 W JP 2015055980W WO 2015129895 A1 WO2015129895 A1 WO 2015129895A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/52—Juglandaceae (Walnut family)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/30—Dietetic or nutritional methods, e.g. for losing weight
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/37—Extraction at elevated pressure or temperature, e.g. pressurized solvent extraction [PSE], supercritical carbon dioxide extraction or subcritical water extraction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/39—Complex extraction schemes, e.g. fractionation or repeated extraction steps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/51—Concentration or drying of the extract, e.g. Lyophilisation, freeze-drying or spray-drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/53—Liquid-solid separation, e.g. centrifugation, sedimentation or crystallization
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent containing a walnut extract.
- the present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent for preventing or preventing obesity, particularly by preventing an increase in the amount of neutral fat, cholesterol, fat, or body weight.
- This anti-obesity agent is considered to exert the above-mentioned effects by inhibiting the binding of Synoviolin and PGC-1 ⁇ and also inhibiting the ubiquitination of PGC-1 ⁇ by Synoviolin.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2008-184383 discloses a therapeutic or preventive agent for hyperlipidemia or fatty liver containing polyphenols derived from walnuts. This document discloses that a polyphenol component extracted from walnut seed coat is effective in treating hyperlipidemia or fatty liver.
- Obesity is a condition in which adipose tissue is excessively accumulated in the body, which causes various health risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and depression (see Non-Patent Document 1). This problem causes tremendous economic and social losses in modern society. The molecular mechanism of adipocyte metabolism has been extensively studied (see Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- locomotive syndrome motor organ syndrome
- Patients suffering from locomotive syndrome may be in a state that requires nursing care, including bedridden conditions, due to musculoskeletal disorders.
- an anti-obesity agent for preventing or treating obesity is desired.
- a preventive or therapeutic agent for locomotive syndrome for preventing or treating locomotive syndrome is desired.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a component extracted from walnut seed coat is effective in treating hyperlipidemia or fatty liver, but shows that it is effective in preventing or treating obesity. It has not been.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-obesity agent.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-obesity agent for preventing or preventing obesity by preventing an increase in the amount of neutral fat, cholesterol, fat, or body weight.
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent comprising a walnut branch, shell or leaf extract as an active ingredient.
- the walnut branch, shell or leaf extract is preferably an alcohol extract of walnut branch, shell or leaf, particularly preferably an alcohol extract of walnut branch.
- This anti-obesity agent is preferably a neutral fat amount, cholesterol amount, fat amount or weight gain preventive agent.
- walnut branch, shell or leaf extract is mixed with alcohol of 20 to 60% by weight with a concentration of 4 to 30 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of walnut branches, shells or leaves.
- a first heating and refluxing step of performing heating and refluxing at least once to obtain a first refluxing liquid;
- Alcohol having a concentration of 2 to 20 parts by weight of 20 to 60% by weight is mixed with 1 part by weight of the residue obtained in the first filtration step, and heated to reflux at least once.
- a second heating reflux step for obtaining a reflux liquid of A second filtration step of filtering the second reflux liquid obtained in the second heating reflux step to obtain a second filtrate;
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to a preventive or therapeutic agent for locomotive syndrome comprising an extract of walnut branches, shells or leaves as an active ingredient.
- walnut extracts especially branch and shell extracts significantly prevent an increase in triglyceride, cholesterol, fat or body weight. This indicates that the walnut extract is effective as an anti-obesity agent.
- an anti-obesity agent comprising an extract of walnut branch, shell or leaf as an active ingredient
- an anti-obesity agent for preventing or preventing obesity can be provided by preventing an increase in the amount of neutral fat, cholesterol, fat, or body weight.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing the properties of walnut extract.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a Western blot, which is a test result showing the binding inhibitory effect between Synoviolin and PGC-1 ⁇ by the walnut extract.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a Western blot as a result of in vitro ubiquitination assay.
- FIG. 4 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut extract on body weight change in wild-type mice.
- FIG. 5 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut extract on food intake in wild-type mice.
- FIG. 6 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut extract on body weight change in wild-type mice.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing the properties of walnut extract.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a Western blot, which is a test result showing the binding inhibitory effect between Synoviolin and PGC-1 ⁇ by the
- FIG. 7 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut extract on food intake in wild-type mice.
- FIG. 8 is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut extract on epididymal fat weight change in wild-type mice.
- FIG. 9A is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the influence (GOT, GPT, ALP) on the change of blood components by a walnut extract in a wild type mouse.
- FIG. 9B is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the influence (TP, ALB, BUN, UA) on the change in blood components by the walnut extract in wild-type mice.
- FIG. 9C is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the influence (TC, TG) on the change in blood components by the walnut extract in the wild-type mouse.
- FIG. 9A is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the influence (GOT, GPT, ALP) on the change of blood components by a walnut extract in a wild type mouse.
- FIG. 9B is a graph replaced with a
- FIG. 9D is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the influence (Na, K, Cl, Ca, Fe, P) on the change of blood components by the walnut extract in wild type mice.
- FIG. 9E is a graph replaced with a drawing showing the influence (Amy, CPK, GLU) on the change of blood components by the walnut extract in wild-type mice.
- FIG. 10A is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut extract on cell proliferation of synovial cells (HFLS-RA strain, M0024 strain) derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
- FIG. 10B is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut extract on cell proliferation of synovial cells (M0019 strain, M0027 strain) derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
- FIG. 10C is a graph instead of a drawing showing the effect of walnut leaf extract and walnut branch hot water extract on cell growth on synovial cell fistula (M0024 strain, M0017 strain) derived from r
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent comprising an extract of walnut branch, shell or leaf walnut branch, shell or leaf as an active ingredient.
- the present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent for preventing or preventing obesity, particularly by preventing an increase in the amount of neutral fat, cholesterol, fat, or body weight.
- a preferred example of the present invention relates to an anti-obesity agent by inhibiting the binding of Synoviolin and PGC-1 ⁇ , and an anti-obesity agent by inhibiting the ubiquitination of PGC-1 ⁇ by Synoviolin.
- Walnut is a well-known tree.
- the kind of walnut is not particularly limited.
- Preferred walnuts are Oniguru, Himegurumi, Shinanogurumi, and Walnut jaundice.
- Engelhardtia chrysolepis is an evergreen tree of the walnut family that grows naturally in the mountains of southern China.
- Walnut branches include walnut branch bark, walnut branch bark bark, and walnut trunk bark. Of these, the preferred portion of the walnut branch is the bark of the walnut branch.
- the thickness of the walnut branch used in the present invention is preferably 1 mm or more and 10 cm or less.
- the thickness of the branch means a portion having the longest straight line length in the cross section of the branch.
- the thickness of the branch may be 0.2 cm or more and 3 cm or less.
- Walnut branches may be raw trees or dried ones.
- the walnut branch may be pulverized (finely cut) or powdered.
- the walnut branch is generally composed of tannin, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Yuglon), 1,4,5-trihydroxynaphthalene (hydrojuglone), uglandin, carotene, inositol, pyrogallol, vitamin C and their derivatives. Contains substances.
- Walnut shell is the part of the seeds from which the pulp has been removed and further removed from the seeds.
- Extracts of walnut branches, shells or leaves use walnut branches, shells or leaves as extraction raw materials, water such as cold water, hot water, hot water, etc .; organic solvents; or a mixture of water and organic solvents as extraction solvents Can be obtained by extracting as Examples of organic solvents used for this extraction include lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, It is a single or a combination of two or more of chloroform, toluene, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and the like.
- lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, acetone
- the extraction solvent are water, a lower alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a mixed solution of the alcohol and water, and a mixed solution of propylene glycol and water.
- the walnut branch extract is preferably an alcohol extract of walnut branches.
- the concentration of alcohol is preferably 20% by weight to 60% by weight, and may be 25% by weight to 35% by weight.
- the extraction method of the walnut branch extract is not particularly limited, and a cold immersion method, a digestion method, a percolation method, and other methods commonly used in the production of plant extracts can be widely used.
- Extracts of walnuts are disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 4167849, Japanese Patent No. 5319522, Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. 2012-533597, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-289999, and the present invention is disclosed in these documents. Extracts of walnut branches may be obtained using methods as appropriate.
- a preferred method for producing the walnut extract is as follows. Of course, in producing the walnut extract, the conditions may be adjusted as appropriate, or arbitrary steps may be added. 1 wt. Of walnut branches, shells or leaves are mixed with an alcohol having a concentration of 20 wt.% To 60 wt.% In a concentration of 4 wt. (First heating and refluxing step) is obtained. The concentration of the alcohol is preferably 20% by weight to 60% by weight and may be 25% by weight to 35% by weight. The alcohol solution may have a weight of 5 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the walnut branch, shell or leaf. Walnut branches, shells or leaves are preferably cut as finely as possible. Heating reflux can be performed using a known reflux apparatus as appropriate.
- the first reflux liquid obtained in the first heating reflux process is filtered to obtain a first filtrate and a first residue (first filtration process).
- a known filtration method can be appropriately employed.
- Alcohol having a concentration of 2 to 20 parts by weight of 20 to 60% by weight is mixed with 1 part by weight of the residue obtained in the first filtration step, and heated to reflux at least once. Is obtained (second heating reflux step).
- concentration of the alcohol is preferably 20% by weight to 60% by weight and may be 25% by weight to 35% by weight.
- the alcohol solution may have a weight of 4 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the walnut branch, shell or leaf.
- the second reflux liquid obtained in the second heating reflux process is filtered to obtain a second filtrate (second filtration process).
- the first filtrate and the second filtrate are mixed and concentrated until the sugar content is 5% or more and 40% or less to obtain a first concentrate (first concentration step).
- Liquid concentrating methods are known. The simplest concentration method is to heat the mixture and reduce the amount of water by evaporation.
- the first concentrated liquid obtained in the first concentration step is dried to obtain a dry extract (drying step).
- drying step a known drying method can be appropriately employed.
- An example of the drying process is spray drying.
- the anti-obesity agent of the present invention may be a medicine or a so-called supplement (nutritional supplement).
- the anti-obesity agent of the present invention may be a functional food or a component of a functional food, or may be a food additive such as a seasoning.
- the anti-obesity agent of the present invention may be a cosmetic that aims at partial thinning by being applied to a target portion.
- the anti-obesity agent of the present invention is preferably a neutral fat amount, cholesterol amount, fat amount or weight gain preventive agent.
- the agent for preventing an increase in the amount of neutral fat or cholesterol is an agent that can effectively prevent an increase in the amount of neutral fat or cholesterol in the blood when administered.
- a fat mass increase preventing agent is an agent that can reduce the fat mass at a specific site or prevent fat from being increased by being administered.
- An agent for preventing weight gain is an agent that can prevent the body weight of a subject from increasing when administered.
- the present invention provides a subject (eg, a human or non-human mammal) with an extract of walnut branch, shell or leaf, and the subject ingests an extract of walnut branch, shell or leaf.
- a method for preventing obesity is also provided.
- the present invention also provides a method for preventing an increase in the amount of triglyceride, cholesterol, fat, or body weight of a subject, including the same steps.
- the walnut branch, shell or leaf extract of the present invention is also effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, as demonstrated by the examples. Therefore, the present invention is also effective as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for rheumatoid arthritis comprising an extract of walnut branch, shell or leaf as an active ingredient.
- the present invention is particularly effective for a subject suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and desiring to take an anti-obesity agent.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a cause of locomotive syndrome.
- Locomotive syndrome is broadly divided into diseases of the musculoskeletal itself and those due to aging dysfunction.
- musculoskeletal disorders include osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, concomitant dorsum, easy fracture, osteoarthritis, and spinal canal stenosis.
- Rheumatoid arthritis causes pain, limited range of motion, muscle weakness, paralysis, fractures, and spasticity, and the accompanying reduction in balance, physical strength, and mobility is another example of locomotive syndrome.
- Other examples of locomotive syndrome include muscular weakness, endurance reduction, extended reaction time, reduced motor speed, reduced sophistication, and reduced balance ability, which are caused by a decline in physical ability due to aging.
- the walnut branch, shell or leaf extract of the present invention is effective for the prevention and treatment of locomotive syndrome. What is necessary is just to employ
- the medicine containing the walnut branch, shell or leaf extract of the present invention is also referred to as the agent of the present invention.
- the agent of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally as a pharmaceutical composition by mixing with a physiologically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent or the like.
- a physiologically acceptable carrier such as granules, powders, tablets, capsules, solvents, emulsions or suspensions
- parenteral preparation a dosage form such as an injection, an infusion, an external medicine, or a suppository can be selected. Examples of injections include subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections, intraperitoneal injections, and the like.
- a nasal administration agent, an inhalant (a spray), an ointment, or the like can be shown.
- an inhalant (a spray) is preferable in that it has few side effects and can act in a lung-specific manner.
- the preparation technique for the above-mentioned dosage form so as to include the agent of the present invention as the main component is known.
- a tablet for oral administration can be produced by adding an excipient, a disintegrant, a binder, a lubricant, and the like to the agent of the present invention, mixing, and compressing and shaping.
- an excipient lactose, starch, mannitol or the like is generally used.
- disintegrant calcium carbonate or carboxymethyl cellulose calcium is generally used.
- binder gum arabic, carboxymethylcellulose, or polyvinylpyrrolidone is used.
- Known lubricants include talc and magnesium stearate.
- an injection can be obtained by dissolving the agent of the present invention as a main component together with an appropriate dispersant, dissolving in a dispersion medium, or dispersing.
- aqueous or oily solvent dosage forms can be used.
- distilled water, physiological saline, Ringer's solution, or the like is used as a dispersion medium.
- oil-based solvents various vegetable oils and propylene glycol are used as dispersion media.
- a preservative such as paraben may be added as necessary.
- known isotonic agents such as sodium chloride and glucose can be added to the injection.
- soothing agents such as benzalkonium chloride and procaine hydrochloride can be added.
- the preparation of the present invention can be made into an external preparation by making it into a solid, liquid or semi-solid composition.
- a solid or liquid composition it can be set as an external preparation by setting it as the composition similar to what was described previously.
- a semi-solid composition can be prepared by adding a thickener to an appropriate solvent as required.
- the solvent water, ethyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, or the like can be used.
- the thickener bentonite, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or the like is generally used.
- a preservative such as benzalkonium chloride can be added to the composition.
- a suppository can also be obtained by combining an oily base material such as cacao butter or an aqueous gel base material such as a cellulose derivative as a carrier.
- the necessary amount (effective amount) of the agent of the present invention is administered to mammals including humans within the safe dose range.
- the dosage of the agent of the present invention can be appropriately determined finally by the judgment of a doctor or veterinarian in consideration of the type of dosage form, administration method, patient age and weight, patient symptoms, and the like.
- the concentration and dosage of the walnut branch extract may be appropriately adjusted according to the age, use, and administration method of the subject.
- the walnut branch extract may be contained in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight.
- the extract of a branch of a walnut should just be administered 1 microgram or more and 10 g or less per time, for example.
- the amount of walnut branch extract is preferably 5 ⁇ g to 5 g.
- Walnut extract (walnut shell extract, walnut branch extract and walnut leaf extract are collectively referred to as walnut extract) was prepared using the following procedure. 200 kg of walnut shells or walnut branches were mixed with 10 times the amount of 30% alcohol (2000 liters), and extraction by heating under reflux was performed for 2 hours. For the walnut shell, a hard core part that wraps the seeds (edible part) was used, and for the walnut branch, the bark of the walnut branch part and the part of the bark were used. In order to remove the plant residue from the mixed solution, it was filtered using 30 mesh, and then filtered using 150 mesh to obtain Extract A. The plant residue on the mesh was mixed with 8 times the amount of 30% alcohol (1600 liters), and extraction operation was performed again by heating under reflux for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, in order to remove plant residues from the mixed solution, the mixture was filtered using 30 mesh, and then filtered using 150 mesh to obtain Extract B.
- Extract A and Extract B were combined and subjected to primary concentration at a concentration temperature of 60 ° C. or lower until the sugar content (Brix value) reached 10-20%.
- the obtained temporary concentrated solution was subjected to secondary concentration at a concentration temperature of 60 ° C. or lower until the sugar content (Brix value) became 25-35%.
- a sterilization process of 1 hour at 90 ° C. was performed twice.
- the sterilized concentrated liquid was spray-dried to obtain a dry extract.
- the spray drying process was performed under conditions of an inlet temperature of 140-230 ° C. and an outlet temperature of 80-100 ° C.
- the obtained dried extract was sieved with 60 mesh, and 20 kg (yield: about 7%) of the obtained sieved product was used as a walnut extract.
- Production Example 3 A walnut extract was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the extraction solvent was changed from 30% alcohol to 80% alcohol in Production Example 1.
- the properties of the walnut extract produced in Production Examples 1 and 3 are shown in FIG.
- the walnut extract is a powder as shown in FIG. 1, and the powder extracted with 30% alcohol is easier to handle than the one extracted with 80% alcohol.
- FIG. 2 is a Western blot showing the inhibitory effect of walnut extract on the binding between Synoviolin and PGC-1 ⁇ .
- shell 30, shell 60 and shell 80 represent the walnut shell extracts produced in Production Example 1, Production Example 2 and Production Example 3, respectively, and branch 30, branch 60 and branch 80 are produced respectively.
- the walnut branch extract produced in Example 1, Production Example 2 and Production Example 3 is shown, and 349 represents 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (synoviolin inhibitor, positive control).
- FIG. 2 shows that the walnut shell extract, walnut branch extract and walnut leaf extract have a binding inhibitory activity between Synoviolin and PGC-1 ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 is a Western blot showing the concentration dependence of the ubiquitination inhibitory activity of PGC-1 ⁇ by walnut extract.
- 348 indicates 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (synoviolin inhibitor, positive control).
- FIG. 3 shows that all of walnut shell extract, walnut branch extract and walnut leaf extract have high ubiquitination-inhibiting activity of PGC-1 ⁇ .
- mice administered with the walnut extract were due to a decrease in food intake.
- the food intake of mice was measured in accordance with the implementation of Test Example 3. The result is shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of walnut extract on food intake in wild-type mice. From FIG. 5, it was found that mice administered with the walnut extract had no difference in food intake compared to the control. In other words, the decrease in body weight was not due to a decrease in food intake.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the influence of walnut extract on body weight change in wild-type mice. From FIG. 6, the walnut extract was inoculated with oils and fats since the weight difference was not increased after about 10 days from the start of administration, but the weight difference did not increase after that. It has been shown to have an obesity-preventing effect on
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of walnut extract on food intake in wild-type mice. From FIG. 7, it can be seen that the food intake is not changed in the shell 30 group compared to the control mouse. On the other hand, FIG. 7 shows that the branch 30 group has a higher food intake than the target mice. Considering FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 together, it can be seen that the increase in body weight is suppressed in the branch 30 group even though the food intake is larger than that of the target mouse.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of walnut extract on epididymal fat weight change in wild-type mice.
- the graph shows epididymal fat weight per 100 g body weight of mice on day 71. From FIG. 8, it was confirmed that the weight of epididymal fat was reduced in the group of mice administered with the walnut extract (branch 30) as compared with the group of mice administered with the solvent alone as the control group. That is, the walnut extract (branch 30) was shown to have an effect of inhibiting the increase in epididymal fat weight.
- Test Example 8 Verification of changes in blood components
- blood was collected from mice on day 71 after the start of the test, and serum components (GOT, ALP, GPT, TP, BUN, ALB, UA, TC, TG, Na , Ca, K, Fe, Cl, P, Amy, GLU, CPK).
- serum components GOT, ALP, GPT, TP, BUN, ALB, UA, TC, TG, Na , Ca, K, Fe, Cl, P, Amy, GLU, CPK.
- FIGS. 9A to 9D are graphs replaced with drawings showing the influence of walnut extract on changes in blood components in wild type mice.
- FIG. 9A to FIG. 9D are graphs replaced with drawings showing the influence of walnut extract on changes in blood components in wild type mice.
- FIG. 9A shows the amounts of GOT (aspartate aminotransferase), GPT (alanine aminotransferase), and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) in the blood.
- FIG. 9B shows the amounts of TP (total protein), ALB (albumin), BUN (urea nitrogen), and UA (uric acid) in the blood.
- FIG. 9C shows TC (total cholesterol level) and TG (neutral fat content: triglyceride content) in blood.
- FIG. 9D shows the amounts of Na, K, Cl, Ca, Fe, and P in the blood.
- FIG. 9E shows the amounts of Amy (amylase), CPK (creatine phosphokinase), and GLU (glucose) in the blood.
- FIG. 9C shows that the total cholesterol value and the amount of neutral fat were reduced particularly in the branch 30 group. This shows that the branch 30 has the effect of reducing the total cholesterol level and the amount of triglyceride, considering that the food intake of the branch 30 group is higher than the control.
- the present invention can be used in the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, and the cosmetics manufacturing industry.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の側面は,クルミの枝,殻又は葉の抽出物を有効成分として含む抗肥満剤に関する。
第1の加熱還流工程で得られた第1の還流液をろ過して第1のろ液及び第1の残渣を得る第1のろ過工程と,
第1のろ過工程で得られた残渣1重量部に対して,2重量部以上20重量部以下の濃度が20重量%~60重量%のアルコールを混合し,加熱還流を少なくとも1度行い第2の還流液を得る第2の加熱還流工程と,
第2の加熱還流工程で得られた第2の還流液をろ過して第2のろ液を得る第2のろ過工程と,
第1のろ液と第2のろ液とを混合し,糖度が5%以上40%以下となるまで濃縮し第1の濃縮液を得るための第1の濃縮工程と,
第1の濃縮工程で和えられた第1の濃縮液を乾燥させ,乾燥エキスを得る乾燥工程と,
を含む工程により製造された物である。
クルミの枝,殻又は葉1重量部に対して,4重量部以上30重量部以下の濃度が20重量%~60重量%のアルコールを混合し,加熱還流を少なくとも1度行い第1の還流液を得る(第1の加熱還流工程)。アルコールの濃度は,20重量%以上60重量%以下が好ましく,25重量%以上35重量%以下でもよい。クルミの枝,殻又は葉1重量部に対して,アルコール溶液の重量は,5重量部以上20重量部以下でもよい。クルミの枝,殻又は葉は,できる限り細かく裁断等されていることが好ましい。加熱還流は,公知の還流装置を適宜用いて行うことができる。
クルミエキス(クルミ殻抽出物,クルミ枝抽出物及びクルミ葉抽出物を総称してクルミエキスと呼ぶ)を以下の手順を用いて調整した。200kgのクルミ殻またはクルミ枝を,10倍量の30%アルコール(2000リットル)と混合し,加熱還流による抽出操作を2時間行った。クルミ殻は,仁(食用部分)を包む堅い核の部分を用い,クルミ枝は,クルミの枝部分の樹皮及び樹皮をはいだ部分を用いた。混合液から植物残渣を除くために,30メッシュを用いて濾し,次いで150メッシュで濾し,抽出液Aを得た。メッシュ上の植物残渣を,8倍量の30%アルコール(1600リットル)と混合し,加熱還流により再度の抽出操作を1時間行った。反応終了後,混合液から植物残渣を除くために,30メッシュを用いて濾し,次いで150メッシュで濾し,抽出液Bを得た。
製造例1において,抽出溶媒を30%アルコールから60%アルコールに代えた以外は製造例1と同様にして,クルミエキスを製造した。
製造例1において,抽出溶媒を30%アルコールから80%アルコールに代えた以外は製造例1と同様にして,クルミエキスを製造した。
クルミ抽出物によるシノビオリンとPGC-1βとの結合の阻害活性を調べるため,in vitroでの結合アッセイを行った。なお,本実施例における蛋白質としては,0.4μgのMBP-PGC-1β-His(MBP融合PGC-1β),及び2μgのGST-Syno ΔTM(膜貫通ドメインを欠失したGST融合シノビオリン、特開2008-74753号公報参照)を用いた。0.4 μgのMBP-PGC-1β Hisと2μgのGST-Syno ΔTMとを,バッファ(20mMのTris HCl pH8.0;100mMのNaCl,1mMのEDTA,0.1%NP-40,1mM DTT,5%グリセロール,及びプロテアーゼ阻害剤を含む)内で12時間結合させ,抗GST抗体でシノビオリンを検出した。その結果を図2に示す。図2は,クルミ抽出物によるシノビオリンとPGC-1βとの結合阻害効果を示すウェスタンブロットである。図2中,殻30,殻60及び殻80は,それぞれ製造例1,製造例2及び製造例3で製造されたクルミ殻抽出物を示し,枝30,枝60,及び枝80は,それぞれ製造例1,製造例2及び製造例3で製造されたクルミ枝抽出物を示し,349は,5-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン(シノビオリン阻害剤、陽性対照)を示す。
クルミ抽出物による,シノビオリンによるPGC-1βのユビキチン化阻害活性の濃度依存性を検討するため,インビトロでのユビキチン化アッセイを行った。本実施例における蛋白質として,GST-β5(PGC-1β),及びMBP-Syno ΔTM-Hisを用いた。その結果を図3に示す。図3は,クルミ抽出物によるPGC-1βのユビキチン化阻害活性の濃度依存性を示すウェスタンブロットである。図3中,348は,5,8-ジヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン(シノビオリン阻害剤、陽性対照)を示す。
野生型マウスを用いてクルミ抽出物の投与がマウスの体重減少を誘導するか否かを検証した。滅菌ミリQで50mg/mlの濃度に調整したクルミ抽出物(殻30)およびクルミ抽出物(枝30)を,それぞれ1g/kgの用量で,生後7~8週間後の野生型マウスに経口投与し,毎日マウスの体重を測定した。隔日週3回の頻度で計25回の投与を行った。対照区として,野生型マウスに上記と同様にして溶媒を投与した。その結果を図3に示す。図4は,野生型マウスにおけるクルミ抽出物による体重変化への影響を示すグラフである。図4からクルミ抽出物を投与したマウスは,対照と比較して,体重が減少していることが確認された。
クルミ抽出物を投与したマウスにおける体重の減少が食物摂取量の減少によるものか否かを調べるため,試験例3の施行にあわせ,マウスの食物摂取量を測定した。その結果を図5に示す。図5は,野生型マウスにおけるクルミ抽出物による食物摂取量への影響を示すグラフである。図5から,クルミ抽出物を投与したマウスは対照と比較して,食物摂取量に差はないことが分かった。すなわち,体重の減少は食物摂取量の減少によるものではないことが示された。
野生型マウスを用いて,恒常的に高脂肪食を摂取させる条件下でのクルミ抽出物の投与がマウスの体重減少を誘導するかを検証した。
DMSO及びコーン油で50mg/mlの濃度に調整したクルミ抽出物(殻30)およびクルミ抽出物(枝30)を,それぞれ50mg/kgの用量で,生後7~8週間後の野生型マウスに経口投与し,毎日マウスの体重を測定した。隔日週3回の頻度で計31回の投与を行った。対照区として,野生型マウスに上記と同様にして溶媒を投与した。その結果を図6に示す。図6は,野生型マウスにおけるクルミ抽出物による体重変化への影響を示すグラフである。図6からクルミ抽出物を投与したマウスは,投与開始から10日前後で比較例のマウスに比べて体重増加が見られるもののその後に体重差が大きくならないことから,クルミ抽出物は,油脂を接種することに対する肥満防止効果があることが示された。
クルミ抽出物を投与したマウスにおける体重の増加と食物摂取量の関係を調べるため,試験例5を施行した際のマウスの食物摂取量を測定した。その結果を図7に示す。図7は,野生型マウスにおけるクルミ抽出物による食物摂取量への影響を示すグラフである。図7から,殻30群では,対照マウスと比較して食物摂取量が変わらないことがわかる。一方,図7から,枝30群では,対象マウスと比較すると食物摂取量が多いことがわかる。図6及び図7をあわせて考えると,枝30群は食物摂取量が対象マウスに比べて多いにもかかわらず,体重の増加が抑制されていることがわかる。
野生型マウスを用いてクルミ抽出物の投与がマウスの精巣上体脂肪重量の減少を誘導するか否かを検証した。
試験例5と同様に,DMSO及びコーン油で50mg/mlの濃度に調整したクルミ抽出物(殻30)およびクルミ抽出物(枝30)を,それぞれ50mg/kgの用量で,生後7~8週間後の野生型マウスに経口投与した。隔日週3回の頻度で計31回の投与を行った。対照区として,野生型マウスに上記と同様にして溶媒を投与した。試験開始後71日目のマウスを解剖し,精巣上体脂肪重量を測定した。その結果を図8に示す。図8は,野生型マウスにおけるクルミ抽出物による精巣上体脂肪重量変化への影響を示すグラフである。グラフは,71日目のマウスの体重100gあたりの精巣上体脂肪重量を示す。
図8からクルミ抽出物(枝30)を投与したマウス群では,対照区として溶媒のみを投与したマウス群と比較して,精巣上体脂肪重量が減少していることが確認された。すなわち,クルミ抽出物(枝30)には,精巣上体脂肪重量の増加を阻害する効果があることが示された。
野生型マウスを用いてクルミ抽出物の投与がマウスの血液成分の変化を誘導するか否かを検証した。
具体的には,試験例7の施行の際に,試験開始後71日目のマウスより採血し,血清中の成分(GOT,ALP,GPT,TP,BUN,ALB,UA,TC,TG,Na,Ca,K,Fe,Cl,P,Amy,GLU,CPK)の濃度を調べた。その結果を図9A~図9Dに示す。図9A~図9Dは,野生型マウスにおけるクルミ抽出物による血液成分の変化への影響を示す図面に替わるグラフである。図9Aは,血中のGOT(アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ),GPT(アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ),及びALP(アルカリホスファターゼ)量を示す。図9Bは,血中のTP(総タンパク),ALB(アルブミン),BUN(尿素窒素),UA(尿酸)量を示す。図9Cは,血中のTC(総コレステロール値),及びTG(中性脂肪量:トリグリセリド量)を示す。図9Dは,血中のNa,K,Cl,Ca,Fe,及びP量を示す。図9Eは,血中のAmy(アミラーゼ),CPK(クレアチンホスフォキナーゼ),及びGLU(グルコース)量を示す。
上記と同様に複数種類の濃度のアルコールを用いて,クルミの果実及びクルミの種皮の抽出物を得た。クルミの果実の抽出物及びクルミの種皮の抽出物を用いた以外は,試験例5から試験例8と同様に実験を行った。この結果,クルミの果実の抽出物及びクルミの種皮の抽出物に比べてクルミの枝の抽出物は,総コレステロール値,中性脂肪量,脂肪量及び体重の増加に関して顕著な効果があることわかった。
関節リウマチ患者由来の滑膜細胞の増殖に対する効果を次の方法により検討した。滑膜細胞を96 well plateに1×103/wellで播種し、6~24時間後に20μg/mlになるようクルミ抽出液もしくはDMSOを添加した。4日後、Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo) を用いて細胞の増殖を測定した。結果を図10A~図10Cに示す。縦軸は、DMSOを添加した滑膜細胞の増殖を1とした場合における相対値を示している。図からクルミ抽出物は滑膜細胞の増殖をコントロールと比較して60~80%に抑制したことが分かった。さらに滑膜細胞に3、10、30,及び100μg/mlのクルミ抽出物を添加し濃度依存性を検討した。図10A~図10Cに示すように、クルミ抽出液は濃度依存的に滑膜細胞増殖を抑制することが示された。
Kuzunaらの方法[ケミカル アンド ファーマシューティカル ブリタン(Chem.Pharm.Bull.),23,1184-1191(1975)]を参考に、アジュバント関節炎ラットを用いて,クルミ抽出物の関節リウマチの治療効果を検討する。アジュバントとしてはディフコ(Difco)社のMycobacterium butyricumの乾燥死菌を流動パラフィンに1%の濃度で懸濁したものを用いる。そして,雄性フィッシャーラットの右後肢足蹠皮下に50μlのアジュバンドを注入することによって関節炎を惹起する。3週間後、アジュバントを注入していない左後肢(非炎症足)を5回伸展させ、5回啼鳴反応を示すラットのみをその後の試験に使用する。様々なアルコール濃度で抽出したクルミ抽出物(枝又は殻の抽出物)を,経口投与,局所への注射による投与を行う。その結果,クルミ抽出液が,関節リウマチへの治療効果があることがわかる。
Claims (8)
- クルミの枝,殻又は葉の抽出物を有効成分として含む,抗肥満剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗肥満剤であって,前記クルミの枝,殻又は葉の抽出物がクルミの枝,殻又は葉のアルコール抽出物である,抗肥満剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗肥満剤であって,前記クルミの枝,殻又は葉の抽出物がクルミの枝のアルコール抽出物である,抗肥満剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗肥満剤であって,中性脂肪量,コレステロール量,脂肪量又は体重の増加防止剤である,抗肥満剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗肥満剤であって,シノビオリンとPGC-1βの結合を阻害することにより抗肥満効果を発揮する抗肥満剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗肥満剤であって,シノビオリンによるPGC-1βのユビキチン化を阻害することにより抗肥満効果を発揮する抗肥満剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗肥満剤であって,
前記クルミの枝,殻又は葉の抽出物は,
クルミの枝,殻又は葉1重量部に対して,4重量部以上30重量部以下の濃度が20重量%~60重量%のアルコールを混合し,加熱還流を少なくとも1度行い第1の還流液を得る第1の加熱還流工程と,
第1の加熱還流工程で得られた第1の還流液をろ過して第1のろ液及び第1の残渣を得る第1のろ過工程と,
第1のろ過工程で得られた残渣1重量部に対して,2重量部以上20重量部以下の濃度が20重量%~60重量%のアルコールを混合し,加熱還流を少なくとも1度行い第2の還流液を得る第2の加熱還流工程と,
第2の加熱還流工程で得られた第2の還流液をろ過して第2のろ液を得る第2のろ過工程と,
第1のろ液と第2のろ液とを混合し,糖度が5%以上40%以下となるまで濃縮し第1の濃縮液を得るための第1の濃縮工程と,
第1の濃縮工程で和えられた第1の濃縮液を乾燥させ,乾燥エキスを得る乾燥工程と,
を含む工程により製造された物である,
抗肥満剤。 - クルミの枝,殻又は葉の抽出物を有効成分として含む,ロコモティブシンドロームの予防剤又は治療剤。
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CN106163535B (zh) | 2020-10-23 |
JP6483660B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
JPWO2015129895A1 (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
CN106163535A (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
EP3135292A4 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
US10034909B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
US20170106034A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
EP3135292A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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