WO2015125318A1 - 電子写真感光体およびそれを用いた画像形成装置 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体およびそれを用いた画像形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015125318A1 WO2015125318A1 PCT/JP2014/068261 JP2014068261W WO2015125318A1 WO 2015125318 A1 WO2015125318 A1 WO 2015125318A1 JP 2014068261 W JP2014068261 W JP 2014068261W WO 2015125318 A1 WO2015125318 A1 WO 2015125318A1
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- electrophotographic photosensitive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
- G03G15/04036—Details of illuminating systems, e.g. lamps, reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
- G03G5/047—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure characterised by the charge-generation layers or charge transport layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
- G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter also referred to as “photosensitive member”) and an image forming apparatus using the same, and more particularly, to an electron applied to an electrophotographic applied image forming apparatus using coherent light as an exposure light source.
- the present invention relates to improvement of a photographic photoreceptor.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an image forming apparatus applying electrophotographic methods such as a copying machine, a printer, a facsimile, etc.
- has a charge generation layer and charge transport on a conductive substrate hereinafter also simply referred to as “substrate”.
- Negatively charge-type function-separated stacked organic photoconductors having a structure in which layers are sequentially stacked are mainly used.
- the charge generation layer laminated on the substrate is generally formed very thin in order to quickly inject charge carriers generated by absorbing light into the substrate and the charge transport layer.
- the charge carrier injection prevention property between the substrate and the charge generation layer is not sufficient, the charge potential holding ratio of the photoreceptor is lowered by the charge carriers injected from the substrate, and the background fogging is performed on the white paper portion on the image. There is also a problem that occurs.
- an intermediate layer mainly composed of a resin such as solvent-soluble polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, or casein is provided between the substrate and the photosensitive layer. ing.
- the intermediate layer using these resins is effective even for a thin film of about 0.1 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of charge carrier injection prevention.
- the film generation unevenness of the charge generation layer is covered by covering defects and dirt on the substrate surface.
- a film thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more is required, and in some cases, a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more is required.
- the exposure incident light on the photoconductor It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of an image defect of an interference fringe pattern caused by the interference with the reflected light from the substrate surface that is reflected when the incident light reaches the surface of the substrate.
- the interference between the incident light and the reflected light is related to the surface roughness of the substrate, the refractive index and film thickness of the photosensitive layer, the wavelength of the exposure light, and the like. In general, the thicker the intermediate layer, the less the amount of light reflected from the substrate, so that interference fringe patterns are less likely to occur.
- an inorganic pigment filler for this problem, it is generally effective to add an inorganic pigment filler to the intermediate layer.
- the technology is known (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Document 3 an anatase-type titanium oxide having a purity of 99% or more is blended in the undercoat layer (intermediate layer), and anatase-type titanium oxide is more preferable than rutile-type titanium oxide in terms of dispersibility and low resistance. It is disclosed that it is preferable.
- the coating solution for forming the intermediate layer in which the filler is dispersed also has a problem that the pot life of the coating solution is shortened due to sedimentation and aggregation of the filler in the coating solution.
- the intermediate layer contains a charge generation material. It has been proposed to make the laser light transmittance of 40% or less. However, in this method, the thermally excited carriers generated by the charge generation material in the intermediate layer cancel the surface charge, thereby lowering the potential holding capacity and generating ground fog on the white paper, The residual potential rises as a trap and causes problems such as a decrease in image density.
- a dye having a molar extinction coefficient at an exposure light wavelength of 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 lmol ⁇ 1 cm ⁇ 1 or more as a light absorber in the undercoat layer may be used.
- Including the pigment, the content of the dye or pigment in the undercoat layer, the transmittance of the exposure light in the undercoat layer, and the reflectance of the exposure light at the interface between the undercoat layer and the layer in contact with the undercoat layer A technique has been proposed in which a predetermined shape is provided, and a shape in which a plurality of protrusions satisfying a predetermined mathematical formula are formed on the surface of the undercoat layer is provided (see Patent Document 7).
- the resin constituting the undercoat layer is preferably a thermoplastic resin (paragraphs [0054] to [0056] of Patent Document 7).
- a thermoplastic resin is used for the undercoat layer in this way, when the charge generation layer is formed on the undercoat layer, the thermoplastic resin used for the undercoat layer is used for the coating solution for forming the charge generation layer.
- the dye or pigment in the undercoat layer dissolves in the charge generation layer, and the dye or pigment becomes a carrier trap, resulting in a decrease in sensitivity, a residual potential, and a decrease in image density. May cause problems.
- the interference fringe pattern As another method for preventing the interference fringe pattern, it is effective to scatter the reflected light by cutting the surface of the substrate, but this increases the cost of the substrate due to the increased number of processes.
- the variation in processing may be insufficient as a measure for preventing the interference fringe pattern.
- an infrared absorbing dye is contained in the protective layer laminated on the surface of the photosensitive layer to protect it.
- a technique for reducing the transmittance of a layer to monochromatic light of 780 nm to 90% or less has been proposed (see Patent Document 9).
- Patent Document 9 A technique for reducing the transmittance of a layer to monochromatic light of 780 nm to 90% or less has been proposed (see Patent Document 9).
- the amount of exposure light incident on the lower layer than the protective layer of the photoconductor is merely reduced, and the relative amount of reflected light of the exposure light from the substrate does not change, so that interference fringe patterns cannot be prevented.
- JP-A-3-24558 JP-A-2-67565 JP-A-4-172361 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-82263 JP 2010-243984 A JP 2004-219904 A Japanese Patent No. 5335366 JP 2004-37833 A JP-A-6-123993
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of preventing the occurrence of interference fringe patterns when mounted on a device that uses coherent light as exposure light without adversely affecting electrical characteristics, and the An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus using the above.
- the present inventors have included a specific cyanine dye and metal oxide fine particles in the intermediate layer of the photoreceptor, and using a thermosetting resin as a binder resin. The inventors have found that the above problems can be solved and have completed the present invention.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer on an electrically conductive substrate with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween.
- the intermediate layer contains a cyanine dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in an exposure light source wavelength range of ⁇ 50 nm, metal oxide fine particles, and a thermosetting resin as a binder resin.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the cyanine dye is preferably in the range of 780 ⁇ 50 nm.
- the photosensitive layer is a laminated photosensitive layer composed of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer.
- the image forming apparatus of the present invention is an image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit
- the exposure means has a light source that emits coherent light
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate via an intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer has an exposure light source wavelength range of ⁇ 50 nm.
- a cyanine dye having a maximum absorption wavelength, metal oxide fine particles, and a thermosetting resin as a binder resin.
- an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of preventing the generation of interference fringe patterns when mounted on an apparatus that uses coherent light as exposure light without adversely affecting electrical characteristics, and the use thereof
- the image forming apparatus can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member showing an example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- the illustrated photoreceptor has a configuration in which a photosensitive layer including a charge generation layer 3 and a charge transport layer 4 is provided on a conductive substrate 1 with an intermediate layer 2 interposed therebetween.
- the protective layer 5 is not essential in the present invention and may be provided as necessary.
- the intermediate layer 2 formed on the conductive substrate 1 has a cyanine dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of the exposure light source wavelength ⁇ 50 nm, metal oxide fine particles, and heat as a binder resin.
- the point of containing a curable resin is important. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of interference fringe patterns when mounted on a device that uses coherent light as exposure light without adversely affecting the electrical characteristics as in the prior art, and to ensure good image quality. be able to.
- the present invention is particularly useful in the case of a laminated type photoreceptor in which the photosensitive layer is a laminated type photosensitive layer comprising a charge generation layer 3 and a charge transport layer 4 as shown in the figure.
- the mechanism by which an interference fringe pattern does not occur even when coherent light is used as exposure light is as follows. That is, in the photoreceptor of the present invention, the exposure light reaching the intermediate layer is diffusely reflected by the metal oxide fine particles in the intermediate layer and absorbed by a cyanine dye having absorption in the exposure light wavelength region, thereby causing interference fringes. The amount of exposure light that reaches the surface of the substrate and reflects on the surface of the substrate, which causes the pattern, can be reduced.
- problems such as image defects and pot life of the coating liquid when using a large amount of filler, and only the dye were used. The desired effect can be obtained without causing the problem of image defects.
- thermosetting resin as the binder resin of the intermediate layer
- compounding components such as cyanine dyes are constrained in the three-dimensional network structure of the thermoset resin, so that the intermediate layer Even when the coating solution for forming the charge generation layer is applied to the upper layer, there is no problem that the blended components such as cyanine dye contained in the intermediate layer are dissolved. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a photoconductor that does not cause other problems, does not generate an interference fringe pattern, and is excellent in mass productivity. Furthermore, although the mechanism is not clear, according to the present invention, by using a combination of a cyanine dye, metal oxide fine particles and a thermosetting resin, an effect of reducing residual potential can be obtained in electrical characteristics. is there. Furthermore, since the photoreceptor of the present invention relates to the improvement of the intermediate layer, it also has an advantage that the degree of freedom in designing the photosensitive layer is high.
- any cyanine dye can be used as long as it satisfies the maximum absorption wavelength condition and has a cyanine structure.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the cyanine dye can be within a range of 780 ⁇ 50 nm when the exposure light source wavelength (nm) is 780 nm. That is, the photoreceptor of the present invention is suitably applied to an image forming apparatus having an exposure light source wavelength of 780 nm.
- metal oxide fine particles used in the present invention include metal oxide fine particles such as titanium oxide, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide, which are surface-treated with aminosilane, alkylsilane, or the like as desired.
- Metal sulfate fine particles such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate, metal nitride fine particles such as silicon nitride and aluminum nitride, organometallic compounds, silane coupling agents, and those formed from organometallic compounds and silane coupling agents
- a suitable one can be selected and used.
- These metal oxide fine particles can be used singly or in appropriate combination of two or more, as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- the particle size of the metal oxide fine particles used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, those having an average particle size of 10 to 400 nm can be used.
- thermosetting resin used as the binder resin of the intermediate layer in the present invention resol type phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, guanamine resin, silicone resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, diallyl phthalate resin, epoxy resin Polybutadiene resin, urethane resin, thermosetting polyimide resin, and the like can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the cyanine dye in the intermediate layer is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass, based on the solid content in the intermediate layer. If the amount of the cyanine dye is too small, the occurrence of interference fringe patterns may not be sufficiently prevented. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the cyanine dye may remain undissolved in the coating solution and an intermediate layer may not be formed. However, neither is preferable.
- the compounding amount of the metal oxide fine particles is preferably 30 to 90% by mass, more preferably 50 to 80% by mass with respect to the solid content in the intermediate layer. If the compounding amount of the metal oxide fine particles is too small, the generation of interference fringe patterns may not be sufficiently prevented. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the uniformity of the intermediate layer surface may be impaired and image defects may occur. Yes, neither is preferred.
- the intermediate layer may contain a crosslinking agent as necessary in order to advance the crosslinking reaction of the thermosetting resin.
- the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited, and a suitable compound can be used as appropriate as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. Further, if necessary, other known additives may be contained within a range that does not significantly impair the intended effect of the present invention.
- the reflectance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm on the surface of the intermediate layer is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less and low. Moderate. The lower the reflectance, the higher the interference fringe suppression effect.
- the coating solution used for forming the intermediate layer is prepared by dispersing metal oxide fine particles in a thermosetting resin solution as a binder resin and dissolving the cyanine dye.
- a general-purpose apparatus such as a vibration mill, a paint shaker, or a sand grinder can be used for the dispersion treatment, and zirconia is preferably used as the dispersion medium because it can be more uniformly dispersed.
- the intermediate layer can be formed by applying and drying the coating solution prepared as described above on the surface of the conductive substrate according to a conventional method.
- a coating method for the coating solution known methods such as a dipping method, a doctor blade method, a bar coater, a roll transfer method, and a spray method are used, but a dipping method should be used when coating on a cylindrical substrate. Is preferred.
- the film thickness of the intermediate layer depends on the composition composition of the intermediate layer, but can be arbitrarily set within a range where no adverse effect such as an increase in residual potential occurs when used repeatedly, preferably 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ 30 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate layer may be used as a single layer, or two or more different kinds of layers may be stacked.
- the intermediate layer containing the cyanine dye, metal oxide fine particles, and the thermosetting resin it is good also as a structure which laminated
- the conductive substrate 1 serves as a support for each of the other layers as well as serving as the electrode of the photoreceptor, and may be cylindrical, plate-like, or film-like, but is generally cylindrical.
- a known aluminum alloy such as JIS3003, JIS5000, or JIS6000, a metal such as stainless steel or nickel, or a surface such as glass or resin that has been subjected to conductive treatment.
- the substrate When the substrate is made of an aluminum alloy, it can be finished into a substrate with a predetermined dimensional accuracy by using extrusion or drawing, and when made of resin by injection molding.
- the surface of the substrate can be processed to an appropriate surface roughness by cutting with a diamond tool, if necessary. Thereafter, degreasing and washing are performed using a water-based detergent such as a weak alkaline detergent to clean the surface of the substrate, and then the intermediate layer can be provided on the cleaned surface of the substrate.
- a water-based detergent such as a weak alkaline detergent
- the charge generation layer 3 is formed by, for example, applying a coating solution prepared by dispersing or dissolving particles of a charge generation material in a binder resin on the intermediate layer 2 to receive light and generate charges.
- the charge generation material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having photosensitivity at the wavelength of the exposure light source.
- phthalocyanine pigment, azo pigment, quinacridone pigment, indigo pigment, perylene pigment, polycyclic quinone pigment, anant Organic pigments such as anthrone pigments and benzimidazole pigments can be used.
- the binder resin for the charge generation layer for example, polyester resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polymethacrylic ester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, phenoxy resin, and the like can be used alone or in appropriate combination.
- the content of the charge generation material in the charge generation layer is preferably 20 to 80% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, based on the solid content in the charge generation layer.
- the film thickness of the charge generation layer is usually 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.6 ⁇ m.
- the charge transport layer 4 is mainly composed of a charge transport material and a binder resin.
- the charge transport material for example, enamine compounds, styryl compounds, amine compounds, butadiene compounds, and the like can be used.
- the binder resin for the charge transport layer those having good compatibility with the charge transport material are preferable.
- a polyester resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polymethacrylate resin, a polystyrene resin and the like are used alone or in appropriate combination. be able to.
- the charge transport layer dissolves the charge transport material in a suitable solvent together with the binder resin, and if necessary, adds a coating solution prepared by adding an antioxidant, UV absorber, leveling agent, etc.
- the content of the charge transport material in the charge transport layer is 20 to 60% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight, based on the solid content in the charge transport layer.
- the film thickness of the charge transport layer is usually 10 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
- the protective layer 5 can be provided as needed for the purpose of improving printing durability, and is composed of a layer mainly composed of a binder resin or an inorganic thin film such as amorphous carbon.
- a binder resin such as silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. for the purpose of improving conductivity, reducing friction coefficient, imparting lubricity, etc.
- Metal sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate, metal nitride fine particles such as silicon nitride and aluminum nitride, fluorine resin particles such as tetrafluoroethylene resin, fluorine comb-type graft polymerization resin, etc. Also good.
- the protective layer may contain a hole transport material or an electron transport material used in the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer for the purpose of imparting a charge transport property, or improve the leveling property of the formed film or lubrication.
- a leveling agent such as silicone oil or fluorine-based oil may be contained.
- other known additives can be contained within a range that does not significantly impair the electrophotographic characteristics.
- the present invention includes a single-layer type photosensitive layer having both charge generation and charge transport functions on the conductive substrate 1 via the intermediate layer 2.
- a single layer type photoreceptor may be used.
- the conductive substrate 1 and the intermediate layer 2 in the single-layer type photoreceptor can be configured in the same manner as in the case of the above-described laminated photoreceptor.
- the single-layer type photosensitive layer can be constituted according to a conventional method using a charge generation material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material and a binder resin as main components.
- the photoreceptor of the present invention can achieve the desired effect when applied to various machine processes. Specifically, a charging process such as a contact charging method using a roller or a brush, a non-contact charging method using a corotron or scorotron, and a developing method such as a non-magnetic one component, a magnetic one component, or a two component are used. A sufficient effect can be obtained even in development processes such as the contact development and non-contact development methods.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
- the illustrated image forming apparatus 60 of the present invention includes a photoreceptor 7 in which a photosensitive layer 6 is formed on a conductive substrate 1 with an intermediate layer 2 interposed therebetween.
- the image forming apparatus 60 includes a charging roller (charging means) 21, an exposure laser optical system (exposure means) 22, a developing device (developing means) 23, and a transfer, which are disposed on the outer peripheral edge of the photoreceptor 7. And at least a roller (transfer means) 24.
- As the charging means besides a charging roller, a charging brush, corotron or scorotron may be used.
- the image forming apparatus 60 may include a static elimination light source 25 and a cleaning blade 26 as illustrated. Note that reference numeral 10 in the drawing indicates a sheet as a transfer target.
- the image forming apparatus 60 of the present invention can be a color printer.
- the exposure laser optical system 22 as an exposure unit has a light source that emits coherent light, while the photoconductor 7 includes the specific cyanine dye, metal oxide fine particles, What is equipped with the intermediate
- binder resin 15 parts by mass of p-vinylphenol resin (trade name Marcalinker MH-2, manufactured by Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd.), which is a thermosetting resin, and n-butylated melamine resin (trade name Uban 2021, Mitsui) In addition to 10 parts by mass of Chemical Co., Ltd.
- p-vinylphenol resin trade name Marcalinker MH-2, manufactured by Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- n-butylated melamine resin trade name Uban 2021, Mitsui
- a forming coating solution was prepared.
- a cylindrical substrate made of an aluminum alloy having an outer diameter of 30 mm and a length of 260 mm was immersed in this coating solution and then pulled up to form a coating film on the outer periphery of the substrate.
- the substrate was dried at a temperature of 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m after drying.
- the reflectance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm on the surface of the intermediate layer was measured using an instantaneous multi-photometry system MCPD-3000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. according to the following conditions. As a result, the reflectance was 17.4%.
- Measurement mode relative reflection
- Reference Aluminum alloy substrate
- Exposure time 100 msec
- Amplifier gain NORMAL
- Integration count 1 time
- Slit 0.1 ⁇ 2mm
- a compound represented by the following structural formula (CT1) as a charge transport material and 100 parts by mass of a polycarbonate resin (trade name Iupizeta PCZ-500, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a binder resin, was dissolved in 900 parts by mass of dichloromethane, and 0.1 part by mass of silicone oil (trade name KP-340, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Polymer Co., Ltd.) was added to prepare a coating solution for forming a charge transport layer.
- This coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer and dried at a temperature of 90 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m after drying to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- a polyester resin trade name Beckolite M-6401-50, manufactured by DIC Corporation
- an n-butylated melamine resin trade name: Uban 20SB, Mitsui Chemical
- a liquid was prepared.
- a cylindrical substrate made of an aluminum alloy having an outer diameter of 30 mm and a length of 260 mm was immersed in this coating solution and then pulled up to form a coating film on the outer periphery of the substrate.
- the substrate was dried at a temperature of 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m after drying. Otherwise, the same method as in Example 1 was used to evaluate the reflectance of the intermediate layer, the dissolution of the dye, and the production of the photoreceptor.
- binder resin used for the intermediate layer 15 parts by mass of p-vinylphenol resin (trade name Marcalinker MH-2, manufactured by Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd.), which is a thermosetting resin, and n-butylated melamine resin (product)
- p-vinylphenol resin trade name Marcalinker MH-2, manufactured by Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- n-butylated melamine resin product
- alcohol-soluble nylon trade name Amilan CM8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
- Uban 2021 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- binder resin 15 parts by mass of p-vinylphenol resin (trade name Marcalinker MH-2, manufactured by Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd.), which is a thermosetting resin, and n-butylated melamine resin (trade name Uban 2021, Mitsui)
- p-vinylphenol resin trade name Marcalinker MH-2, manufactured by Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- n-butylated melamine resin trade name Uban 2021, Mitsui
- An intermediate layer forming coating solution was prepared by dissolving in a mixed solvent of 750 parts by mass / 150 parts by mass of methanol and butanol.
- a cylindrical substrate made of an aluminum alloy having an outer diameter of 30 mm and a length of 260 mm was immersed in this coating solution and then pulled up to form a coating film on the outer periphery of the substrate.
- This substrate was dried at a temperature of 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m after drying. Otherwise, the same method as in Example 1 was used to evaluate the reflectance of the intermediate layer, the dissolution of the dye, and the production of the photoreceptor.
- Vk5 V5 / V0 ⁇ 100 Formula (1)
- the exposure is changed sequentially from the time when the surface potential becomes ⁇ 800 V, and the surface potential at that time is changed.
- the exposure amount required for the surface potential to be ⁇ 100 V is determined as sensitivity E100 ( ⁇ J / cm 2 ) from the obtained light attenuation curve, and the surface potential when the exposure amount is 1 ⁇ J / cm 2 is irradiated as the residual potential Vr. Calculated as ( ⁇ V).
- Comparative Example 1 in which the cyanine dye was not added to the intermediate layer, the reflectance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm on the surface of the intermediate layer was high, and an interference fringe pattern on the halftone image was generated.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 using a cyanine dye that does not satisfy the maximum absorption wavelength condition the reflectance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm on the surface of the intermediate layer was high, and an interference fringe pattern on a halftone image was generated.
- Comparative Example 4 in which alcohol-soluble nylon, which is a thermoplastic resin, is used as the binder resin instead of the thermosetting resin, the dichloromethane is used as a solvent for the coating solution for forming the charge generation layer that is the upper layer of the intermediate layer. It was confirmed that the cyanine dye was dissolved. Along with this, deterioration of electrical characteristics such as sensitivity reduction and residual potential increase was also confirmed. It is considered that this is because the cyanine dye dissolved in the charge generation layer becomes a carrier trap.
- alcohol-soluble nylon which is a thermoplastic resin
- Comparative Example 5 in which the intermediate layer does not contain metal oxide fine particles, the reflectance of light having a wavelength of 780 nm on the surface of the intermediate layer is high, an interference fringe pattern on the halftone image is generated, the sensitivity is decreased, and the residual potential is increased. The deterioration of electrical characteristics was also confirmed. This is considered to be due to the fact that the electric resistance of the intermediate layer is high and the charge carrier generated in the charge generation layer is poorly injected into the substrate.
- a cyanine dye having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of the exposure light source wavelength ⁇ 50 nm, metal oxide fine particles, and a thermosetting resin as a binder resin is clear.
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Abstract
Description
前記中間層が、露光光源波長±50nmの範囲に最大吸収波長を有するシアニン色素と、金属酸化物微粒子と、バインダー樹脂としての熱硬化性樹脂と、を含有することを特徴とするものである。
前記露光手段が可干渉光を放射する光源を有し、前記電子写真感光体が導電性基体上に中間層を介して感光層を備え、かつ、該中間層が、露光光源波長±50nmの範囲に最大吸収波長を有するシアニン色素と、金属酸化物微粒子と、バインダー樹脂としての熱硬化性樹脂と、を含有することを特徴とするものである。
図1は、本発明の電子写真感光体の一例を示す積層型電子写真感光体の模式的断面図である。図示する感光体は、導電性基体1の上に、中間層2を介して、電荷発生層3と電荷輸送層4とからなる感光層を備えてなる構成を有する。なお、保護層5は、本発明においては必須ではなく、必要に応じて設ければよい。
バインダー樹脂としての、熱硬化性樹脂であるp-ビニルフェノール樹脂(商品名マルカリンカーMH-2、丸善石油化学(株)製)15質量部およびn-ブチル化メラミン樹脂(商品名ユーバン2021、三井化学(株)製)10質量部と、フィラーとしてのアミノシラン処理を施した酸化チタン微粒子(平均粒径約30nm)75質量部に加え、シアニン色素(商品名IR-780 iodide,λmax=780nm、シグマアルドリッチジャパン社製)を中間層の固形分に対して1質量%になるように添加し、それらをメタノールとブタノールとの120質量部/30質量部の混合溶媒に溶解、分散させて、中間層形成用塗布液を調製した。外径30mm、長さ260mmのアルミニウム合金製の円筒状基体を、この塗布液に浸漬し、その後引き上げて、基体の外周に塗膜を形成した。この基体を温度140℃で30分間乾燥して、乾燥後の膜厚3μmの中間層を形成した。
測定モード:相対反射,
リファレンス:アルミニウム合金基体,
露光時間:100msec,
アンプゲイン:NORMAL,
積算回数:1回,
スリット:0.1×2mm
中間層に用いたシアニン色素(商品名IR-780 iodide,λmax=780nm、シグマアルドリッチジャパン社製)1質量%を、下記の表1中に示す色素および添加量に変えた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、中間層を形成し、中間層の反射率の評価、色素の溶け出し評価、および、感光体の作製を行った。
バインダー樹脂としての、熱硬化性樹脂であるポリエステル樹脂(商品名ベッコライトM-6401-50、DIC(株)製)20質量部およびn-ブチル化メラミン樹脂(商品名ユーバン20SB、三井化学(株)製)5質量部と、フィラーとしての、アルキルシラン処理を施した酸化チタン微粒子(商品名JMT-150IB、テイカ(株)製)75質量部に加え、シアニン色素(商品名IR-780 iodide,λmax=780nm、シグマアルドリッチジャパン社製)を中間層の固形分に対して1質量%になるように添加し、それらをメチルエチルケトン230質量部の混合溶媒に溶解、分散させて、中間層形成用塗布液を調製した。外径30mm、長さ260mmのアルミニウム合金製の円筒状基体を、この塗布液に浸漬し、その後引き上げて、基体の外周に塗膜を形成した。この基体を温度140℃で30分間乾燥して、乾燥後の膜厚3μmの中間層を形成した。それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、中間層の反射率の評価、色素の溶け出し評価、および、感光体の作製を行った。
中間層に用いたバインダー樹脂としての、熱硬化性樹脂であるp-ビニルフェノール樹脂(商品名マルカリンカーMH-2、丸善石油化学(株)製)15質量部およびn-ブチル化メラミン樹脂(商品名ユーバン2021、三井化学(株)製)10質量部に代えて、熱可塑性樹脂であるアルコール可溶性ナイロン(商品名アミランCM8000、東レ(株)製)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、中間層を形成し、中間層の反射率の評価、色素の溶け出し評価、および、感光体の作製を行った。
バインダー樹脂としての、熱硬化性樹脂であるp-ビニルフェノール樹脂(商品名マルカリンカーMH-2、丸善石油化学(株)製)15質量部およびn-ブチル化メラミン樹脂(商品名ユーバン2021、三井化学(株)製)10質量部に加え、シアニン色素(商品名IR-780 iodide,λmax=780nm、シグマアルドリッチジャパン社製)を中間層の固形分に対して1質量%を添加し、それらをメタノールとブタノールとの750質量部/150質量部の混合溶媒に溶解させて、中間層形成用塗布液を調製した。外径30mm、長さ260mmのアルミニウム合金製の円筒状基体を、この塗布液に浸漬し、その後引き上げて、基体の外周に塗膜を形成した。この基体を温度140℃で30分間乾燥して、乾燥後の膜厚0.5μmの中間層を形成した。それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、中間層の反射率の評価、色素の溶け出し評価、および、感光体の作製を行った。
各感光体の電気特性を、温度23℃、相対湿度50%の環境下で、感光体電気特性試験機CYNTHIA91FE(ジェンテック(株)製)を用いて、以下の方法で評価した。まず、感光体の表面を暗所にてコロナ帯電により-800Vに帯電させた後、帯電直後の表面電位V0を測定した。続いて、暗所で5秒間放置後、表面電位V5を測定し、下記式(1)に従い、帯電後5秒後における電位保持率Vk5を求めた。
Vk5=V5/V0×100 式(1)
次に、ハロゲンランプを光源とし、バンドパスフィルターを用いて780nmに分光した単色光を用いて、表面電位が-800Vになった時点から露光量を可変して順次露光し、その時の表面電位を測定して、得られた光減衰曲線から表面電位が-100Vになるために要する露光量を感度E100(μJ/cm2)として求め、露光量1μJ/cm2照射時の表面電位を残留電位Vr(-V)として求めた。
各感光体を、市販の非磁性一成分現像方式の半導体レーザービームプリンターに搭載して、温度23℃、相対湿度50%の環境下でハーフトーン画像の印字を行い、干渉縞模様の有無を評価した。干渉縞なしの場合を○、干渉縞ありの場合を×とした。これらの結果を、下記の表2に示す。
2 中間層
3 電荷発生層
4 電荷輸送層
5 保護層
6 感光層
7 感光体
10 用紙
21 帯電ローラー
22 露光用レーザー光学系
23 現像器
24 転写ローラー
25 除電用光源
26 クリーニングブレード
60 画像形成装置
Claims (5)
- 導電性基体上に、中間層を介して感光層を備えてなる電子写真感光体において、
前記中間層が、露光光源波長±50nmの範囲に最大吸収波長を有するシアニン色素と、金属酸化物微粒子と、バインダー樹脂としての熱硬化性樹脂と、を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 - 前記シアニン色素の最大吸収波長が、780±50nmの範囲内である請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記中間層の表面における波長780nmの光の反射率が、30%以下である請求項2記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記感光層が、電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とからなる積層型感光層である請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
- 電子写真感光体、帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段および転写手段を備える画像形成装置において、
前記露光手段が可干渉光を放射する光源を有し、前記電子写真感光体が導電性基体上に中間層を介して感光層を備え、かつ、該中間層が、露光光源波長±50nmの範囲に最大吸収波長を有するシアニン色素と、金属酸化物微粒子と、バインダー樹脂としての熱硬化性樹脂と、を含有することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
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