WO2015107565A1 - 酢酸セルロース繊維、酢酸セルロース繊維成形体、およびこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
酢酸セルロース繊維、酢酸セルロース繊維成形体、およびこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015107565A1 WO2015107565A1 PCT/JP2014/000169 JP2014000169W WO2015107565A1 WO 2015107565 A1 WO2015107565 A1 WO 2015107565A1 JP 2014000169 W JP2014000169 W JP 2014000169W WO 2015107565 A1 WO2015107565 A1 WO 2015107565A1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
- D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
- D10B2201/28—Cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/024—Moisture-responsive characteristics soluble
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/12—Physical properties biodegradable
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulose acetate fiber and a cellulose acetate fiber molded body having water solubility and biodegradability.
- Cellulose acetate fiber is mainly produced by dry spinning. That is, cellulose acetate is dissolved in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane or acetone depending on the degree of substitution, and this solution is discharged from a spinneret provided with a spinning hole and dried with hot air to obtain a fiber state.
- the solvent for cellulose acetate varies depending on the degree of substitution (acetyl group substitution degree).
- Patent Document 1 high substitution cellulose acetate (cellulose acetate) is subjected to acid hydrolysis to change the total substitution degree and change the solubility in acetone and water. According to it, at an acetyl substitution degree of 1.18 to 0.88, it does not dissolve in water, but it has an affinity, and at an acetyl substitution degree of 0.88 to 0.56, it has an affinity for water. It has been shown to dissolve.
- Such water-soluble cellulose acetate in particular, water-soluble cellulose acetate having an acetyl substitution degree of 0.4 to 1.1 does not exhibit solubility in an acetone solvent, so that a special technique is required for spinning.
- cellulose acetate (cellulose acetate) having an acetyl substitution degree of 0.49 is dissolved in water at a concentration of 15% by weight to obtain a dope, and the dope is wound at a winding speed of 100 m / min and a processing temperature of 400.
- the obtained yarn is a single yarn denier (Fd) of 16.7d (diameter of about 70 ⁇ m) (Example 3).
- the yarn obtained by dry spinning using water as a solvent is extremely thick (Fd is large).
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique in which dry spinning is performed by dissolving a cellulose derivative together with water in water or a water-soluble alcohol, a water-soluble ketone, or a mixture thereof. Specifically, for cellulose acetate having an acetyl group content of 5 mmol / g, fibers of Fd10 (diameter of about 50 ⁇ m) are obtained by dry spinning using hot water at 95 ° C.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a wet spinning technique in which cellulose acetate dissolved in acetic acid is discharged into acetone, and describes that fibers having Fd of 7 to 8 (diameter of about 45 ⁇ m) can be obtained.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes that fibers of Fd 3.2 (diameter: about 30 ⁇ m) to 7.4 (diameter: about 45 ⁇ m) were obtained using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a coagulation liquid.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes that cellulose acetate nanofibers were prepared from cellulose acetate having an acetyl substitution degree (DS) of 1.5 and 2.4 by an electrospinning method. Specifically, as a result of spinning an acetone solution (12% wt) of cellulose acetate (CA) of DS 2.4, the obtained fiber had a non-uniform fiber diameter and a large number of lumps (beads) were generated. And DS1.5 cellulose acetate (CA) 85% (v / v) acetic acid aqueous solution (17% wt) was spun, resulting in less bead formation and an average fiber diameter of 265.6 nm (0.000632954 Fd). Describes the successful creation of uniform nanofibers. It is also described that in electrospinning, it has been clarified that the volatility of the solvent has a great influence on the fiber diameter of the obtained fiber.
- Non-Patent Document 4 describes an electrospinning technique of water-soluble polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- the conventional cellulose acetate fiber does not have sufficient water solubility and biodegradability, and the burden on the natural environment due to being left in the environment while maintaining its original form for a long time becomes a problem. Therefore, the realization of cellulose acetate fiber with a small load on the natural environment has been a problem.
- cellulose acetate fibers comprising cellulose acetate having a predetermined degree of total acetyl substitution and a predetermined composition distribution index (CDI) are water-soluble and biodegradable. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- CDI composition distribution index
- the present invention relates to cellulose acetate having a total degree of acetyl substitution of 0.4 to 1.3, an average fiber diameter of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, and a composition distribution index (CDI) of 2.0 or less.
- a cellulose acetate fiber is provided.
- the present invention also provides a cellulose acetate fiber molded body comprising the cellulose acetate fiber.
- the present invention provides a spinning dope in which cellulose acetate having a total degree of acetyl substitution of 0.4 to 1.3 and a composition distribution index (CDI) of 2.0 or less is dissolved in water or a water / mixed solvent.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a cellulose acetate fiber, which comprises a step of electrospinning.
- the present invention also provides a spinning dope in which cellulose acetate having a total degree of acetyl substitution of 0.4 to 1.3 and a composition distribution index (CDI) of 2.0 or less is dissolved in water or a water / mixed solvent.
- This invention also provides a method for producing a cellulose acetate fiber molded body, which includes a step of electrospinning a fiber and a step of forming a molded body using the obtained fiber.
- the cellulose acetate fiber and cellulose acetate fiber molded article of the present invention are excellent in water solubility and biodegradability, and even when left in the environment, the load on the natural environment is small. In this case, a water-soluble filter having excellent filtration performance can be obtained, and an environment-friendly cigarette filter that dissolves and disappears due to rainwater or the like can be realized even if discarded in the environment after smoking.
- the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is preferably made of cellulose acetate having a total acetyl substitution degree of 0.4 to 1.3 and a composition distribution index (CDI) of 2.0 or less.
- the total degree of acetyl substitution of cellulose acetate in the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is preferably 0.4 to 1.3, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0, and 0.6 to 0.00. More preferably, it is 95.
- the total degree of acetyl substitution is 0.4 to 1.3, the solubility in water or a water / alcohol mixed solvent is excellent, and when it is outside 0.4 to 1.3, the solubility in water or a water / alcohol mixed solvent is excellent. This is because it is not enough.
- the total degree of acetyl substitution can be measured by a known titration method in which cellulose acetate is dissolved in water and the degree of substitution of cellulose acetate is determined. In addition, the total degree of acetyl substitution was determined in the same manner as in the case of obtaining an actual measurement value of the composition distribution half-width described later. After cellulose acetate (sample) was completely derivatized cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), deuterated chloroform It can also melt
- CAP derivatized cellulose acetate propionate
- the total degree of acetyl substitution can be obtained by converting the degree of acetylation determined according to the method for measuring the degree of acetylation in ASTM: D-817-91 (testing method for cellulose acetate, etc.) by the following formula. This is the most common method for determining the degree of substitution of cellulose acetate.
- DS 162.14 ⁇ AV ⁇ 0.01 / (60.052-42.037 ⁇ AV ⁇ 0.01)
- AV Degree of acetylation (%)
- 500 mg of dried cellulose acetate (sample) was precisely weighed and dissolved in 50 ml of a mixed solvent of ultrapure water and acetone (volume ratio 4: 1), and then 50 ml of 0.2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added. Saponify for 2 hours at 25 ° C.
- AV degree of acetylation
- AV (%) (AB) ⁇ F ⁇ 1.201 / sample weight (g)
- the total degree of acetyl substitution of cellulose acetate in the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is determined by adding cellulose acetate in excess of water or alcohol to acetic acid, acetyl groups, and catalyst. It can be lowered by hydrolysis (partial deacetylation reaction; aging) in the presence.
- the weight average degree of polymerization (DPw) is a value determined by GPC-light scattering method using cellulose acetate propionate obtained by propionylating all remaining hydroxyl groups of cellulose acetate (sample).
- the weight average degree of polymerization is the same as the method for obtaining the measured value of the half-value width of the composition distribution described later, and the cellulose acetate (sample) is completely derivatized cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), and the size is excluded. It is determined by performing chromatographic analysis (GPC-light scattering method).
- aqueous solvents generally have a large amount of foreign matter and are easily contaminated by secondary contamination once purified.
- aqueous solvents generally have a large amount of foreign matter and are easily contaminated by secondary contamination once purified.
- water-soluble inorganic salt for example, sodium chloride
- One effective method for avoiding this problem is to derivatize water-soluble cellulose acetate so that it is dissolved in an organic solvent that is less contaminated and less susceptible to secondary contamination, and GPC-light scattering measurement is performed in the organic solvent. That is.
- composition distribution index (CDI) The compositional distribution index (CDI) is defined as the ratio of the measured value to the theoretical value of the half-width of the composition distribution [(actual value of the half-width of the composition distribution) / (theoretical value of the half-width of the composition distribution)]. .
- the composition distribution half width is also simply referred to as “substitution degree distribution half width”.
- composition distribution index is 0, but this is achieved by a special synthetic technique such as acetylating only the 6th position of a glucose residue and not acetylating other positions with 100% selectivity. Such synthesis techniques are not known. In a situation where all of the hydroxyl groups of the glucose residue are acetylated and deacetylated with the same probability, the CDI is 1.0.
- the cellulose acetate composition distribution index (CDI) of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 1.8 or less, and further preferably 1.6 or less. . If the composition distribution index (CDI) exceeds 2.0, electrospinning becomes difficult and the fiber cannot be formed, or water solubility and biodegradability are not sufficient.
- composition distribution index (CDI) of cellulose acetate of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention can be determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
- HPLC analysis derivatization of the residual hydroxyl group in cellulose acetate is performed as a pretreatment, and then HPLC analysis is performed.
- the purpose of this pretreatment is to convert the low-substituted cellulose acetate into a derivative that can be easily dissolved in an organic solvent to enable HPLC analysis. That is, the residual hydroxyl group in the molecule is completely propionylated, and the fully derivatized cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) is subjected to HPLC analysis to determine the composition distribution half width (actual value).
- CAP fully derivatized cellulose acetate propionate
- the derivatization is completely carried out, there should be no residual hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and only acetyl and propionyl groups must be present.
- composition distribution index is calculated by expressing the horizontal axis (elution time) of the elution curve of cellulose acetate propionate in HPLC (reverse phase HPLC) measured under predetermined processing conditions as the degree of acetyl substitution (0 to It can be obtained by converting to 3).
- a method for converting the elution time into the degree of acetyl substitution for example, the method described in JP-A-2003-201301 (paragraph numbers [0037] to [0040]) can be used.
- elution time is measured under the same measurement conditions using a plurality of (for example, 4 or more) samples having different degrees of total acetyl substitution, and elution time (T)
- a conversion formula (conversion formula) for obtaining the degree of acetyl substitution (DS) may be obtained. That is, from the relationship between the elution time (T) and the degree of acetyl substitution (DS), a calibration curve function [usually, the following quadratic equation] is obtained by the least square method.
- the half width is the composition distribution curve at half the height E of the maximum peak of the chart, where the horizontal axis (x-axis) is the degree of acetyl substitution and the vertical axis (y-axis) is the abundance at this degree of substitution. It is an index representing the standard of variation in distribution.
- the half value width of the substitution degree distribution can be determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. A method for converting the horizontal axis (elution time) of the cellulose ester elution curve in HPLC into the substitution degree (0 to 3) is described in JP-A-2003-201301 (paragraphs 0037 to 0040).
- the full width at half maximum of such a composition distribution curve depends on the degree of acetylation of the hydroxyl group of each glucose chain constituting the molecular chain of cellulose acetate propionate in the sample. It reflects the difference (also called retention time). Therefore, ideally, the holding time width indicates the width of the composition distribution (in units of substitution degree).
- a high-performance liquid chromatograph has a pipe portion (such as a guide column for protecting the column) that does not contribute to distribution. Therefore, depending on the configuration of the measurement apparatus, the width of the holding time that is not caused by the width of the composition distribution is often included as an error. As described above, this error is affected by the length and inner diameter of the column, the length from the column to the detector, the handling, and the like, and varies depending on the apparatus configuration.
- the half width of the cellulose acetate composition distribution curve (actually measured half value width of the composition distribution) can usually be determined by correction based on the correction formula represented by the following formula (1).
- the correction formula represented by the following formula (1) By using such a correction equation, even if the measurement apparatus (and measurement conditions) are different, it is possible to obtain a more accurate measured value of the composition distribution half-value width as the same (substantially the same) value.
- X is an uncorrected half-value width of the composition distribution curve obtained with a predetermined measuring apparatus and measuring conditions
- Y is an apparatus constant defined by the following equation.
- composition distribution index (CDI) is determined by the following equation (2).
- CDI Z / Z 0 (2)
- Z 0 is a composition distribution curve generated when acetylation and partial deacetylation in the preparation of all partially substituted cellulose acetates occur with equal probability for all hydroxyl groups (or acetyl groups) of all molecules. It is a theoretical value of the composition distribution half width.
- Z o (theoretical value of the half width of the composition distribution) can be calculated stochastically and is obtained by the following formula (3).
- DS Degree of total acetyl substitution
- DPw Weight average degree of polymerization (value determined by GPC-light scattering method using cellulose acetate propionate obtained by propionylating all remaining hydroxyl groups of cellulose acetate)
- the weight average degree of polymerization (DPw) of cellulose acetate can be determined by conducting GPC-light scattering measurement after being led to propionylated cellulose acetate as described above.
- the polymerization degree distribution should be taken into account more strictly.
- the “DPw” in the formula (3) and the formula (4) is the polymerization degree. Substituting a distribution function, the entire equation should be integrated from 0 to infinity. However, as long as DPw is used, equations (3) and (4) give theoretical values with approximately sufficient accuracy. If DPn (number average degree of polymerization) is used, the influence of the degree of polymerization distribution cannot be ignored, so DPw should be used.
- the Z (actual value of the composition distribution half-value width) of the cellulose acetate composition distribution curve of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is preferably 0.12 to 0.34, more preferably 0.13 to 0.25. It is.
- the theoretical formula of the composition distribution explained above is a probabilistic calculation value assuming that all acetylation and deacetylation proceed independently and equally. That is, the calculated value according to the binomial distribution.
- Such an ideal situation is not realistic.
- the composition distribution of the cellulose ester is probabilistic. Therefore, it is much wider than what is determined by the binomial distribution.
- the composition distribution of cellulose acetate can be controlled by devising post-treatment conditions after the cellulose acetate hydrolysis step.
- Literature CiBment, L., and Rivibre, C., Bull. SOC. Chim., (5) 1, 1075 (1934), Sookne, A. M., Rutherford, H. A., Mark, H., and Harris, M. J. Research Natl. Bur. Standards, 29, 123 (1942), A. J. Rosenthal, B. B. White Ind. Eng. Chem., 1952, 44 (11), pp 2693-2696.
- composition distribution Another idea to narrow the composition distribution found by the present inventors is a hydrolysis reaction (aging reaction) of cellulose acetate at a high temperature of 90 ° C. or higher (or higher than 90 ° C.).
- aging reaction aging reaction
- decomposition of cellulose is preferred in a high-temperature reaction at 90 ° C. or higher.
- This idea can be said to be a belief (stereotype) based solely on the consideration of viscosity.
- the present inventors hydrolyze cellulose acetate to obtain low-substituted cellulose acetate, it is in a large amount of acetic acid at a high temperature of 90 ° C. or higher (or higher than 90 ° C.), preferably in the presence of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid. It was found that when the reaction was carried out with the above, the degree of polymerization was not lowered, but the viscosity was lowered with a decrease in CDI. That is, it has been clarified that the viscosity decrease due to the high temperature reaction is not due to a decrease in the degree of polymerization but based on a decrease in the structural viscosity due to a narrow substitution degree distribution (composition distribution).
- the small cellulose acetate composition distribution index (CDI) of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention indicates that the acetyl groups in the cellulose acetate are relatively uniformly dispersed in the cellulose acetate.
- the cellulose acetate of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is, for example, (A) a medium to high-substituted cellulose acetate hydrolysis step (aging step), (B) a precipitation step, and (C) washing performed as necessary. It can be produced by a neutralization process.
- (A) Hydrolysis step (aging step)
- medium to high-substituted cellulose acetate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “raw cellulose acetate”) is hydrolyzed.
- the total acetyl substitution degree of the medium to high substitution cellulose acetate used as a raw material is, for example, 1.5 to 3, preferably 2 to 3.
- As the raw material cellulose acetate commercially available cellulose diacetate (acetyl total substitution degree: 2.27 to 2.56) and cellulose triacetate (acetyl total substitution degree: more than 2.56 to 3) can be used.
- the hydrolysis reaction can be performed by reacting raw material cellulose acetate and water in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst (aging catalyst).
- a catalyst aging catalyst
- the organic solvent include acetic acid, acetone, alcohol (such as methanol), and mixed solvents thereof. Among these, a solvent containing at least acetic acid is preferable.
- a catalyst generally used as a deacetylation catalyst can be used.
- sulfuric acid is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the organic solvent (for example, acetic acid) used is, for example, 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the raw material cellulose acetate. .
- the amount of the catalyst (for example, sulfuric acid) used is, for example, 0.005 to 1 part by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 part by weight, more preferably 0.02 to 1 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of the raw material cellulose acetate. 0.3 parts by weight. If the amount of the catalyst is too small, the hydrolysis time becomes too long, which may cause a decrease in the molecular weight of cellulose acetate. On the other hand, if the amount of the catalyst is too large, the degree of change in the depolymerization rate with respect to the hydrolysis temperature increases, and even if the hydrolysis temperature is low to some extent, the depolymerization rate increases and it is difficult to obtain cellulose acetate having a somewhat high molecular weight. Become.
- the amount of water in the hydrolysis step is, for example, 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 2 to 7 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the raw material cellulose acetate.
- the amount of the water is, for example, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1 part per 1 part by weight of the organic solvent (for example, acetic acid). .5 parts by weight.
- all amounts of water may be present in the system at the start of the reaction, in order to prevent precipitation of cellulose acetate, a part of the water to be used is present in the system at the start of the reaction, and the remaining water is removed. It may be added to the system in 1 to several times.
- the reaction temperature in the hydrolysis step is, for example, 40 to 130 ° C, preferably 50 to 120 ° C, more preferably 60 to 110 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is 90 ° C. or higher (or a temperature exceeding 90 ° C.)
- the equilibrium of the reaction tends to increase in the direction in which the rate of the reverse reaction (acetylation reaction) to the normal reaction (hydrolysis reaction) increases.
- the substitution degree distribution becomes narrow, and a low substitution degree cellulose acetate having an extremely small composition distribution index CDI can be obtained without any particular ingenuity in the post-treatment conditions.
- Step 2 After completion of the hydrolysis reaction, the temperature of the reaction system is cooled to room temperature, and a precipitation solvent is added to precipitate low-substituted cellulose acetate.
- a precipitation solvent an organic solvent miscible with water or an organic solvent having high solubility in water can be used. Examples thereof include ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; esters such as ethyl acetate; nitrogen-containing compounds such as acetonitrile; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran; and mixed solvents thereof.
- the mixed solvent include a mixed solvent of acetone and methanol, a mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol and methanol, and the like.
- composition distribution (intermolecular substitution degree distribution) is narrow, A low-substituted cellulose acetate having a very small composition distribution index CDI can be obtained.
- low-substituted cellulose acetate (solid matter) obtained by precipitation is dissolved in water to obtain an aqueous solution having an appropriate concentration (for example, 2 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 8% by weight).
- a poor solvent is added to this aqueous solution (or the aqueous solution is added to the poor solvent), and maintained at an appropriate temperature (for example, 30 ° C. or less, preferably 20 ° C. or less) to precipitate low-substituted cellulose acetate, This can be done by collecting the precipitate.
- the poor solvent include alcohols such as methanol and ketones such as acetone.
- the amount of the poor solvent used is, for example, 1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 7 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the aqueous solution.
- the low-substituted cellulose acetate (solid matter) obtained by the precipitation or the low-substituted cellulose acetate (solid matter) obtained by the precipitation fractionation is mixed with water and an organic solvent (for example, acetone or the like).
- an organic solvent for example, acetone or the like.
- a mixed solvent of an alcohol such as ketone and ethanol, and the like and after stirring at an appropriate temperature (for example, 20 to 80 ° C., preferably 25 to 60 ° C.), it is separated into a concentrated phase and a diluted phase by centrifugation, A precipitation solvent (for example, a ketone such as acetone or an alcohol such as methanol) is added to the dilute phase, and the precipitate (solid matter) is recovered.
- the concentration of the organic solvent in the mixed solvent of water and organic solvent is, for example, 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight.
- the precipitate (solid matter) obtained in the precipitation step (B) is preferably washed with an organic solvent (poor solvent) such as alcohol such as methanol and ketone such as acetone. Moreover, it is also preferable to wash and neutralize with an organic solvent containing a basic substance (for example, alcohol such as methanol, ketone such as acetone).
- alkali metal compounds for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate) Hydrogen salts; alkali metal carboxylates such as sodium acetate and potassium acetate; sodium alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide), alkaline earth metal compounds (for example, alkaline earth such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide) Alkaline earth metal carbonates such as metal hydroxide, magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate; alkaline earth metal carboxylates such as magnesium acetate and calcium acetate; alkaline earth metal alkoxides such as magnesium ethoxide, etc.) can be used. .
- alkali metal compounds such as potassium acetate are particularly preferable.
- Impurities such as the catalyst (sulfuric acid, etc.) used in the hydrolysis step can be efficiently removed by washing and neutralization.
- the average fiber diameter of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 ⁇ m, and further preferably 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m. preferable. If the average fiber diameter is 1 ⁇ m or less, it has excellent performance when used as a tobacco filter, has an appropriate ventilation resistance and an excellent phenol reduction rate, and if it is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, it is used as a tobacco filter. In this case, it is not considered a so-called nanomaterial, and is preferable because it does not require special attention in handling from the viewpoint of health and safety.
- the method for producing the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be produced by spinning predetermined cellulose acetate by an electrospinning method.
- cellulose acetate fiber includes cellulose acetate fiber and cellulose acetate fiber aggregate.
- Electrospinning In the electrospinning method, a high voltage is applied to the nozzle, and an electric field is created between the collector and the voltage applied to the solution (spinning solution) in which the polymer ejected from the nozzle is dissolved. This is a method of obtaining fibers by accumulating fibers.
- the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is produced by the electrospinning method, for example, Maria E. Vallejos, Maria S. Peresin, Orlando J. Rojas, “All-CelluloseoComposite Fibers Obtained by Electrospinning Dispersions of Cellulose Acetate and Cell “Journal” of “Polymers” and “the Environment”, “published” online: “01” August 2012. can be used.
- the solvent for dissolving the cellulose acetate of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is particularly limited as long as it can form the fiber by dissolving the cellulose acetate and evaporating at the stage of spinning by the electrospinning method. However, it can be selected from the viewpoints of solubility and handleability. However, since the cellulose acetate of the cellulose acetate fiber according to the present invention is water-soluble, it is preferable to use water or a water / alcohol mixture as a solvent from the viewpoint of reducing the environmental burden due to the use of an organic solvent.
- acetic acid according to the present invention may be used in combination with polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
- a mixture with cellulose or a cross-linked product may be used, and a surfactant, a deodorizing agent, or the like may be added to these for the purpose of adjusting spinnability and improving the physical properties and imparting functions of textile products.
- the surfactant include polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate
- examples of the deodorizer include activated carbon.
- the cellulose acetate concentration in the spinning solution, the inner diameter of the nozzle, the applied voltage, the distance between the nozzle and the collector (distance between the electrodes), the feed speed, etc. can be appropriately changed according to the target average fiber diameter.
- the concentration of cellulose acetate in the spinning solution is preferably 5 to 20% by weight, and the inner diameter of the nozzle is 27 to 18 G (0.4 to 1.2 mm).
- the applied voltage is preferably 10 to 40 kV
- the distance between the nozzle and the collector (distance between the electrodes) is preferably 5 to 30 cm
- the feed rate is 0.1 to 5 ml. / Min
- the collector surface material is preferably aluminum foil.
- the cellulose acetate fiber molded product is a structure comprising the cellulose acetate fiber.
- the shape of the structure may be various shapes such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a twisted yarn, a cotton, and a sheet.
- the cellulose acetate fiber obtained by the above method can be produced by processing each into a target shape by a known method.
- the water solubility of the cellulose acetate fiber or the cellulose acetate fiber molded article according to the present invention can be evaluated by the method described in Examples.
- Biodegradable The biodegradability of the cellulose acetate fiber or cellulose acetate fiber molded article according to the present invention can be evaluated by the method described in the examples.
- Example 1 Cellulose acetate 5.1 parts by weight of acetic acid and 2.1 parts by weight of cellulose acetate (manufactured by Daicel, trade name “L-50”, acetyl total substitution degree: 2.43, 6% viscosity: 110 mPa ⁇ s). 0 parts by weight of water was added and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours to dissolve the cellulose acetate.
- first hydrolysis step first aging step
- second hydrolysis step second addition from the first addition of water to the second addition of water.
- Aging step The process from the second addition of water to the end of the reaction is referred to as a third hydrolysis step (third aging step).)
- the precipitate was recovered as a wet cake having a solid content of 15% by weight, and washed by adding 8 parts by weight of methanol and removing the liquid to a solid content of 15% by weight. This was repeated three times. The washed precipitate was further washed twice with 8 parts by weight of methanol containing 0.004% by weight of potassium acetate, neutralized and dried to obtain low-substituted cellulose acetate (WSCA-70-0.9). Obtained.
- the obtained low-substituted cellulose acetate (WSCA-70-0.9) was propionylated on the unsubstituted hydroxyl group of the low-substituted cellulose acetate sample according to the method of Tezuka (Carbohydr. Res. 273, 83 (1995)). .
- the total degree of acetyl substitution in propionylated cellulose acetate was determined from 169 to 171 ppm acetylcarbonyl signal and 172 to 174 ppm propionylcarbonyl signal in 13C-NMR according to the Tezuka method (same). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the weight average polymerization degree (DPw) of the obtained low-substituted cellulose acetate (WSCA-70-0.9) was determined by conducting GPC-light scattering measurement under the following conditions after being led to propionylated cellulose acetate. did.
- DS was prepared by HPLC analysis of samples with known DS in the range of 0 to 3 acetyl total substitution. Based on the calibration curve, the elution curve (time vs. detected intensity curve) of the unknown sample is converted to a DS vs. detected intensity curve (composition distribution curve), and an uncorrected half-value width X of this composition distribution curve is determined. ) To determine the corrected half-value width Z of the composition distribution. The Z is an actual measurement value of the composition distribution half width.
- X is an uncorrected half-value width of the composition distribution curve obtained with a predetermined measuring apparatus and measuring conditions
- Y is an apparatus constant defined by the following equation.
- Y (ab) x / 3 + b (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3)
- a Apparent composition distribution half-value width of cellulose acetate having a total substitution degree of 3 determined by the same measuring apparatus and measurement conditions as X (actually, there is no substitution degree distribution because the total substitution degree is 3)
- b Apparent composition distribution half-value width of cellulose propionate having a total substitution degree of 3 determined using the same measuring apparatus and measurement conditions as X above
- x Total substitution degree of acetyl in the measurement sample (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3)
- the composition distribution index (CDI) is determined from Z (actual value of the composition distribution half width) by the following equation (2).
- CDI Z / Z 0 (2)
- Z 0 is a composition distribution curve generated when acetylation and partial deacetylation in the preparation of all partially substituted cellulose acetates occur with equal probability for all hydroxyl groups (or acetyl groups) of all molecules.
- the theoretical value of the half-value width of the composition distribution is defined by the following formula (4).
- DS Degree of total acetyl substitution
- DPw Weight average degree of polymerization (value determined by GPC-light scattering method using cellulose acetate propionate obtained by propionylating all remaining hydroxyl groups of cellulose acetate)
- electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain cellulose acetate fibers.
- the method of drawing a line is not particularly limited as long as the number of fibers crossing the line is 20 or more.
- the standard deviation of the fiber diameter distribution and the maximum fiber diameter were determined from the measured values of the fiber diameter. In the case of cellulose acetate fibers having a maximum fiber diameter of more than 1 ⁇ m, the calculation was performed using a 5000 times SEM photograph.
- Example 2 (Cellulose acetate) Low substituted cellulose acetate (WSCA-70-0.9) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Electrospinning A spinning solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain cellulose acetate fibers.
- a 20 mm portion was cut with a razor from the end of the filter body (25 mm) of the commercially available tobacco ["Peace Light Box” (registered trademark No. 2122839) made by Nippon Tobacco Inc. . Insert a glass tube (25 mm long, 8 mm inner diameter) into the filter part on the side of the tobacco leaf filling piece, only the length corresponding to the remaining filter length of the long piece (5 mm) (to the end of filling the tobacco leaf), and seal them. Bundled with tape. The obtained cellulose acetate fiber was cut into a length of about 10 mm in a space of a glass tube having a length of 10 mm protruding by the insertion of the glass tube, and 80 mg thereof was filled.
- the filter length which a cellulose acetate fiber occupies in a glass tube might be set to 10 mm.
- the suction side 10 mm is cut with a razor, and this is inserted 5 mm into the open end side of the glass tube and plugged. did.
- a sealing tape was wrapped around the connecting portion of the glass tube and the filter to seal it, and a tobacco sample for smoking test was obtained. Therefore, the filter length of the cellulose diacetate crimped fiber tow is 25 mm.
- the airflow resistance was obtained by measuring the pressure loss (mmWG) using an automatic airflow resistance measuring instrument (“QTM-6” manufactured by Cerulean, England) under the condition of an air flow rate of 17.5 ml / second.
- the amount of phenol contained in the mainstream smoke was measured when the prepared tobacco sample with a triplet structure filter was smoked according to the test method T-114 of Health Canada “Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke”. That is, the particulate matter contained in the mainstream smoke when smoking each of the five samples with a smoking machine is collected with a Cambridge filter, and the phenol contained in the collected filter is extracted with a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution, Phenol contained in this extract was separated by reverse phase gradient liquid chromatography, detected by wavelength selective fluorescence analysis, and quantified with a calibration curve prepared using high-purity phenol (purity 99% or more). Furthermore, the amount of phenol collected by the reference tobacco was Tp, and the amount of phenol collected by the prepared tobacco sample with a triplet structure filter was Cp, and the phenol reduction rate was calculated by the following formula.
- electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain cellulose acetate fibers.
- Example 4 (Cellulose acetate) Low substituted cellulose acetate (WSCA-70-0.8) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3.
- Electrospinning A spinning solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3. Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain cellulose acetate fibers.
- Example 5 Cellulose acetate
- Cellulose acetate (WSCA-70-0.5) was obtained.
- electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain cellulose acetate fibers.
- Example 6 Low substituted cellulose acetate (WSCA-40-1.1) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the third aging time was changed to 4 hours.
- electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain cellulose acetate fibers.
- Electrospinning Ten parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA117) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water to prepare a spinning solution. Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
- Electrospinning Ten parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA117) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water to prepare a spinning solution. Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, electrospinning was performed under the conditions described in Table 2 to obtain polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
- This spinning solution was extruded into an excessive amount of ethanol from a syringe having an inner diameter of 0.3 mm to obtain cellulose acetate fibers.
- the amount of ethanol was 20 times the weight of the aqueous solution as the composition after completion of extrusion.
- the obtained fiber was dried to a constant weight at 60 ° C. under reduced pressure.
- Example 2 Evaluation of the average fiber diameter after drying was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and was about 30 ⁇ m (30,000 nm). Moreover, water-soluble evaluation and biodegradability evaluation were also performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 3. The fineness was 9 denier.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る酢酸セルロース繊維は、アセチル総置換度が0.4~1.3であって、組成分布指数(CDI)が2.0以下である酢酸セルロースからなることが好ましい。
本発明に係る酢酸セルロース繊維の酢酸セルロースのアセチル総置換度は、0.4~1.3であることが好ましく、0.5~1.0であることがより好ましく、0.6~0.95であることがさらに好ましい。アセチル総置換度が0.4~1.3であると、水または水/アルコール混合溶媒に対する溶解性に優れ、0.4~1.3を外れると水または水/アルコール混合溶媒に対する溶解性が十分でなくなるためである。
DS:アセチル総置換度
AV:酢化度(%)
まず、乾燥した酢酸セルロース(試料)500mgを精秤し、超純水とアセトンとの混合溶媒(容量比4:1)50mlに溶解した後、0.2N-水酸化ナトリウム水溶液50mlを添加し、25℃で2時間ケン化する。次に、0.2N-塩酸50mlを添加し、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として、0.2N-水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(0.2N-水酸化ナトリウム規定液)で、脱離した酢酸量を滴定する。また、同様の方法によりブランク試験(試料を用いない試験)を行う。そして、下記式にしたがってAV(酢化度)(%)を算出する。
A:0.2N-水酸化ナトリウム規定液の滴定量(ml)
B:ブランクテストにおける0.2N-水酸化ナトリウム規定液の滴定量(ml)
F:0.2N-水酸化ナトリウム規定液のファクター
本発明に係る酢酸セルロース繊維の酢酸セルロースのアセチル総置換度は、酢酸セルロースを、酢酸、アセチル基に対して過剰量の水またはアルコールおよび触媒の存在下で加水分解(部分脱アセチル化反応;熟成)することにより低下させることができる。
本発明において、重量平均重合度(DPw)は、酢酸セルロース(試料)の残存水酸基をすべてプロピオニル化して得られるセルロースアセテートプロピオネートを用いてGPC-光散乱法により求めた値である。
組成分布指数(Compositional Distribution Index, CDI)とは、組成分布半値幅の理論値に対する実測値の比率[(組成分布半値幅の実測値)/(組成分布半値幅の理論値)]で定義される。組成分布半値幅は単に「置換度分布半値幅」ともいう。
(式中、DSはアセチル置換度であり、Tは溶出時間であり、a、bおよびcは変換式の係数である)
そして、上記のような換算式により求めた組成分布曲線[セルロースアセテートプロピオネートの存在量を縦軸とし、アセチル置換度を横軸とするセルロースアセテートプロピオネートの組成分布曲線]において、平均置換度に対応する最大ピーク(E)に関し、以下のようにして組成分布曲線の半値幅を求める。すなわち、ピーク(E)の低置換度側の基部(A)と、高置換度側の基部(B)に接するベースライン(A-B)を引き、このベースラインに対して、最大ピーク(E)の高さを求める。半値幅は、アセチル置換度を横軸(x軸)に、この置換度における存在量を縦軸(y軸)としたとき、チャートの最大ピークの高さEの半分の高さにおける組成分布曲線の幅であり、分布のバラツキの目安を表す指標である。置換度分布半値幅は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)分析により求めることができる。なお、HPLCにおけるセルロースエステルの溶出曲線の横軸(溶出時間)を置換度(0~3)に換算する方法については、特開2003-201301号公報(段落0037~0040)に説明されている。
式(1)中、
Xは所定の測定装置および測定条件で求めた組成分布曲線の未補正半値幅、Yは次式で定義される装置定数である。
a: 前記Xと同じ測定装置および測定条件で求めた総置換度3の酢酸セルロースの見掛けの組成分布半値幅(実際は総置換度3なので、置換度分布は存在しない)
b: 前記Xと同じ測定装置および測定条件で求めた総置換度3のセルロースプロピオネートの見掛けの組成分布半値幅
x: 測定試料のアセチル総置換度(0≦x≦3)
上記式において、「アセチル総置換度=3」とは、酢酸セルロース(もしくはセルロースプロピオネート)のヒドロキシル基の全てがエステル化されたセルロースエステルを示し、実際には(又は理想的には)組成分布半値幅を有しない(すなわち、組成分布半値幅0の)酢酸セルロースである。
ここで、Z0は全ての部分置換酢酸セルロースの調製におけるアセチル化および部分脱アセチル化が全ての分子の全ての水酸基(又はアセチル基)に対して等しい確率で生じた場合に生成する組成分布曲線の組成分布半値幅の理論値である。
m:酢酸セルロース1分子中の水酸基とアセチル基の全数
p:酢酸セルロース1分子中の水酸基がアセチル置換されている確率
q=1-p
DPw:重量平均重合度(酢酸セルロースの残存水酸基をすべてプロピオニル化して得られるセルロースアセテートプロピオネートを用いてGPC-光散乱法により求めた値)
さらに、Zo(組成分布半値幅の理論値)を置換度と重合度で表すと、以下のように表される。本発明では下記式(4)を組成分布半値幅の理論値を求める定義式とする。
DS:アセチル総置換度
DPw:重量平均重合度(酢酸セルロースの残存水酸基をすべてプロピオニル化して得られるセルロースアセテートプロピオネートを用いてGPC-光散乱法により求めた値)
ここで、酢酸セルロースの重量平均重合度(DPw)は、先述したように、プロピオニル化酢酸セルロースに導いた後にGPC-光散乱測定を行うことで決定できる。
本発明に係る酢酸セルロース繊維の酢酸セルロースは、例えば、(A)中乃至高置換度酢酸セルロースの加水分解工程(熟成工程)、(B)沈殿工程、及び、必要に応じて行う(C)洗浄、中和工程により製造できる。
この工程では、中乃至高置換度酢酸セルロース(以下、「原料酢酸セルロース」と称する場合がある)を加水分解する。原料として用いる中乃至高置換度酢酸セルロースのアセチル総置換度は、例えば、1.5~3、好ましくは2~3である。原料酢酸セルロースとしては、市販のセルロースジアセテート(アセチル総置換度2.27~2.56)やセルローストリアセテート(アセチル総置換度2.56超~3)を用いることができる。
この工程では、加水分解反応終了後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却し、沈殿溶媒を加えて低置換度酢酸セルロースを沈殿させる。沈殿溶媒としては、水と混和する有機溶剤若しくは水に対する溶解度の大きい有機溶剤を使用できる。例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン;メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール;酢酸エチル等のエステル;アセトニトリル等の含窒素化合物;テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル;これらの混合溶媒などが挙げられる。
沈殿工程(B)で得られた沈殿物(固形物)は、メタノール等のアルコール、アセトン等のケトンなどの有機溶媒(貧溶媒)で洗浄するのが好ましい。また、塩基性物質を含む有機溶媒(例えば、メタノール等のアルコール、アセトン等のケトンなど)で洗浄、中和することも好ましい。
本発明に係る酢酸セルロース繊維の平均繊維径は、0.1~1μmであることが好ましく、0.1~0.8μmであることがより好ましく、0.1~0.5μmであることがさらに好ましい。平均繊維径が1μm以下であれば、タバコフィルターとして使用した場合、その性能に優れ、適度な通気抵抗と、優れたフェノール低減率を有し、0.1μm以上であれば、タバコフィルターとして使用した場合、所謂ナノ材料とは見なされず、健康・安全などの観点から取り扱いに特段の注意を要しないため好ましい。
ここで、電界紡糸法は、ノズルに高電圧を印加し、コレクターとの間に電界を作ることにより、ノズルから噴出される高分子を溶解させた溶液(紡糸液)に電圧印加させ、コレクター上に繊維を累積することによって繊維を得る方法である。
本発明において、酢酸セルロース繊維成形体とは、前記酢酸セルロース繊維からなる構造体である。その構造体の形状は、例えば、不織布状、織物状、撚り糸状、綿状、シート状など様々な形状であってよい。
本発明に係る酢酸セルロース繊維または酢酸セルロース繊維成形体の水溶性は、実施例に記載の方法により、評価することができる。
本発明に係る酢酸セルロース繊維または酢酸セルロース繊維成形体の生分解性は、実施例に記載の方法により、評価することができる。
(酢酸セルロース)
1重量部の酢酸セルロース(ダイセル社製、商品名「L-50」、アセチル総置換度:2.43、6%粘度:110mPa・s)に対して、5.1重量部の酢酸および2.0重量部の水を加え、混合物を3時間攪拌して酢酸セルロースを溶解した。
加水分解を実施した後、系の温度を室温(約25℃)まで冷却し、反応混合物に15重量部のアセトン/メタノール(=1/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液(沈殿化剤)を加えて沈殿を生成させた。
得られた低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.9)を手塚の方法(Carbohydr. Res. 273, 83(1995))に準じて低置換度酢酸セルロース試料の未置換水酸基をプロピオニル化した。プロピオニル化低置換度酢酸セルロースのアセチル総置換度は、手塚の方法(同)に準じて13C-NMRにおける169~171ppmのアセチルカルボニルのシグナルおよび172~174ppmのプロピオニルカルボニルのシグナルから決定した。結果は、表1に示した。
得られた低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.9)の重量平均重合度(DPw)は、プロピオニル化酢酸セルロースに導いた後、以下の条件でGPC-光散乱測定を行うことにより決定した。
溶媒:アセトン
カラム:GMHxl(東ソー)2本、同ガードカラム
流速:0.8ml/min
温度:29℃
試料濃度:0.25%(wt/vol)
注入量:100μl
検出:MALLS(多角度光散乱検出器)(Wyatt製、「DAWN-EOS」)
MALLS補正用標準物質:PMMA(分子量27600)
(組成分布指数(CDI)の測定)
得られた低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.9)の組成分布指数(CDI)は、プロピオニル化酢酸セルロースに導いた後に次の条件でHPLC分析を行うことで決定した。結果は、表1に示した。
カラム: Waters Nova-Pak phenyl 60Å 4μm(150mm×3.9mmΦ)+ガードカラム
カラム温度: 30℃
検出: Varian 380-LC
注入量: 5.0μL(試料濃度:0.1%(wt/vol))
溶離液: A液:MeOH/H2O=8/1(v/v),B液:CHCl3/MeOH=8/1(v/v)
グラジェント:A/B=80/20→0/100(28min);流量:0.7mL/min
まず、アセチル総置換度が0~3の範囲でDS既知の標品をHPLC分析することで、溶出時間対DSの較正曲線を作成した。較正曲線に基づき、未知試料の溶出曲線(時間対検出強度曲線)をDS対検出強度曲線(組成分布曲線)に変換し、この組成分布曲線の未補正半値幅Xを決定し、下記式(1)により組成分布の補正半値幅Zを決定した。当該Zが組成分布半値幅の実測値となる。
Xは所定の測定装置および測定条件で求めた組成分布曲線の未補正半値幅、Yは次式で定義される装置定数である。
a: 前記Xと同じ測定装置および測定条件で求めた総置換度3の酢酸セルロースの見掛けの組成分布半値幅(実際は総置換度3なので、置換度分布は存在しない)
b: 前記Xと同じ測定装置および測定条件で求めた総置換度3のセルロースプロピオネートの見掛けの組成分布半値幅
x: 測定試料のアセチル総置換度(0≦x≦3)
Z(組成分布半値幅の実測値)から、下記式(2)により組成分布指数(CDI)が決定される。
ここで、Z0は全ての部分置換酢酸セルロースの調製におけるアセチル化および部分脱アセチル化が全ての分子の全ての水酸基(又はアセチル基)に対して等しい確率で生じた場合に生成する組成分布曲線の組成分布半値幅の理論値であり、下記式(4)で定義される。
DS:アセチル総置換度
DPw:重量平均重合度(酢酸セルロースの残存水酸基をすべてプロピオニル化して得られるセルロースアセテートプロピオネートを用いてGPC-光散乱法により求めた値)
(電界紡糸)
9重量部の低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.9)を91重量部のエタノール/水(=8/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
酢酸セルロース繊維の平均繊維径は、50000倍の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真を撮影し、撮影した写真上において、写真を横切る任意の位置に2本の線を引き、線と交差する全ての繊維径をカウントして平均繊維径(n=20以上)を算出した。線の引き方は、線と交差する繊維の数が20以上となれば、特に限定されない。さらに、繊維径の測定値から、繊維径分布の標準偏差及び最大繊維径を求めた。なお、最大繊維径が1μmを超える酢酸セルロース繊維の場合には、5000倍のSEM写真を用いて算出した。
200ml用サンプル瓶に100gの蒸留水を計り取り、10mgの得られた酢酸セルロース繊維を入れ、室温(22℃)で15時間静置した。その後、サンプル瓶を20秒間振り混ぜ、1時間静置した。酢酸セルロース繊維の形状が概ね消失している場合を可溶、酢酸セルロース繊維の形状が概ね保たれている場合を不溶と判断した。結果は、表3に示した。
福岡県多々良川浄化センターから入手した活性汚泥を1時間静置し、得られた上澄み液300ml(活性汚泥濃度360ppm)を培養瓶にいれ、酢酸セルロース繊維30mgを加え、大倉電気(株)クーロメーターOM3001を使用して、25℃下で10日後、20日後、30日後、60日後の培養瓶中の生物化学的酸素要求量(BOD)を測定した。BODは、ブランク測定を行い、実測値からブランクの値を差し引いたものとした。酢酸セルロースの化学組成に基づく完全分解における理論上のBOD値を算出し、この理論上のBOD値に対する実測値のパーセンテージを分解率とした。結果は、表3に示した。
(酢酸セルロース)
実施例1と同様に低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.9)を得た。
実施例1と同様に紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
・BET比表面積
得られた酢酸セルロース繊維について、特開2012-102250記載の方法でBET比表面積を測定した。結果は、表4に示した。
トリプレット構造フィルター付タバコサンプルとして、特開2012-95590記載の方法で通気抵抗およびフェノール低減率を評価した。具体的には、以下のとおりであり、これらの結果は、表4に示した。
<実施例3>
(酢酸セルロース)
第3熟成時間を7時間、沈殿化剤をアセトン/メタノール(=1/1,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.8)を得た。
10重量部の低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.8)を0.3重量部のツイン20を含む89.7重量部のエタノール/水(=8/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
(酢酸セルロース)
実施例3と同様に低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.8)を得た。
実施例3と同様に紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
(酢酸セルロース)
第3熟成時間を11時間、沈殿化剤をアセトン/2-プロパノール(=1/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.5)を得た。
10重量部の低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.5)を0.3重量部のツイン20を含む89.7重量部のエタノール/水(=8/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
第3熟成時間を4時間に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-40-1.1)を得た。
9重量部の低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-1.1)を0.3重量部のツイン20を含む90.7重量部のエタノール/水(=8/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
(酢酸セルロース)
酢酸セルロースとして、「L-50」(ダイセル社製、アセチル総置換度:2.43、6%粘度:110mPa・s)を用いた。
25重量部の酢酸セルロース(「L-50」)を75重量部のアセトン/ジメチルアセトアミド(=2/1,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
(酢酸セルロース)
比較例1と同様に、酢酸セルロースとして、「L-50」(ダイセル社製、アセチル総置換度:2.43、6%粘度:110mPa・s)を用いた。
20重量部の酢酸セルロース(「L-50」)を80重量部のジメチルホルムアミド/アミド(=3/1,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
(ポリビニルアルコール)
ポリビニルアルコールとして、「PVA117」(クラレ社製、ケン化度:98.7%、4%粘度:28.2mPa・s)を用いた。
10重量部のポリビニルアルコール(PVA117)を90重量部の水に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、ポリビニルアルコール繊維を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルアルコールの平均繊維径を算出した。結果は、表3に示した。
(ポリビニルアルコール)
比較例4と同様に、ポリビニルアルコールとして、「PVA117」(クラレ社製、ケン化度:98.7%、4%粘度:28.2mPa・s)を用いた。
10重量部のポリビニルアルコール(PVA117)を90重量部の水に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、ポリビニルアルコール繊維を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルアルコールの平均繊維径を算出した。結果は、表3に示した。
(酢酸セルロース)
反応温度を40℃、第1熟成時間を8時間、第2熟成時間を16時間、第3熟成時間を36時間、沈殿化剤をメタノールに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-40-0.9)を得た。
9重量部の低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-40-0.9)を91重量部のエタノール/水(=8/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行ったが、繊維状にならなかった。
(酢酸セルロース)
反応温度を40℃、第1熟成時間を8時間、第2熟成時間を16時間、第3熟成時間を42時間、沈殿化剤をメタノールに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-40-0.8)を得た。
10重量部の低置換度酢酸セルロース(WSCA-40-0.8)を90重量部のエタノール/水(=8/2,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行ったが繊維状にならなかった。
(酢酸セルロース)
酢酸セルロースとして、Sigma-Aldrich社製の酢酸セルロース(Sigma-Aldrich-CA1.5)を用いた。
17重量部の酢酸セルロース(Sigma-Aldrich-CA1.5)を83重量部の酢酸/水(=85/15,w/w(重量比))混合溶液に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。図1に示す装置を用いて、表2に記載の条件で電界紡糸を行い、酢酸セルロース繊維を得た。
(酢酸セルロース)
実施例1と同様に低置換酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.9)を得た。
10重量部の低置換酢酸セルロース(WSCA-70-0.9)を90重量部の水に溶解し、紡糸液を調製した。
実施例2と同様に、BET比表面積、通気抵抗およびフェノール低減率を評価した。結果は、表4に示した。
2 ノズル
3 印加電圧
4 コレクター
Claims (4)
- アセチル総置換度が0.4~1.3であって、
平均繊維径が0.1~1μmであり、
下記式で定義される組成分布指数(CDI)が2.0以下である酢酸セルロースからなる酢酸セルロース繊維。
CDI=Z(組成分布半値幅の実測値)/Zo(組成分布半値幅の理論値)
Z:前記酢酸セルロースの残存水酸基をすべてプロピオニル化して得られるセルロースアセテートプロピオネートをHPLC分析して求めたアセチル置換度の組成分布半値幅
DS:前記酢酸セルロースのアセチル総置換度
DPw:重量平均重合度(前記酢酸セルロースの残存水酸基をすべてプロピオニル化して得られるセルロースアセテートプロピオネートを用いてGPC-光散乱法により求めた値) - 請求項1に記載の酢酸セルロース繊維からなる酢酸セルロース繊維成形体。
- 請求項1に記載の酢酸セルロース繊維の製造方法であって、
アセチル総置換度が0.4~1.3であり、
前記式で定義される組成分布指数(CDI)が2.0以下である酢酸セルロースを水、または水/アルコール混合溶媒に溶解した紡糸原液を電界紡糸する工程を含む、酢酸セルロース繊維の製造方法。 - 請求項2に記載の酢酸セルロース繊維成形体の製造方法であって、
アセチル総置換度が0.4~1.3であり、
前記式で定義される組成分布指数(CDI)が2.0以下である酢酸セルロースを水、または水/アルコール混合溶媒に溶解した紡糸原液を電界紡糸する工程と、
得られた繊維を用いて成形体を形成する工程とを含む、酢酸セルロース繊維成形体の製造方法。
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JP2020514723A (ja) * | 2017-01-13 | 2020-05-21 | ルナ イノベーションズ インコーポレイテッドLuna Innovations Inc. | 溶解性ナノファイバー材料および高効率検体回収用の同材料を含む検体回収キット |
JP7074970B2 (ja) | 2017-01-13 | 2022-05-25 | ルナ ラブズ ユーエスエー, エルエルシー | 溶解性ナノファイバー材料および高効率検体回収用の同材料を含む検体回収キット |
JP2020026444A (ja) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社ダイセル | セルロースアセテート組成物及び成形体 |
JP7176885B2 (ja) | 2018-08-09 | 2022-11-22 | 株式会社ダイセル | セルロースアセテート組成物及び成形体 |
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CN105917038B (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
CN105917038A (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
DE112014006175B4 (de) | 2018-03-15 |
DE112014006175T5 (de) | 2016-09-29 |
US20160333500A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
US10889916B2 (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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