WO2015104903A1 - 透過シールド装置、カメラ装置及び透過ステッカ - Google Patents
透過シールド装置、カメラ装置及び透過ステッカ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015104903A1 WO2015104903A1 PCT/JP2014/080652 JP2014080652W WO2015104903A1 WO 2015104903 A1 WO2015104903 A1 WO 2015104903A1 JP 2014080652 W JP2014080652 W JP 2014080652W WO 2015104903 A1 WO2015104903 A1 WO 2015104903A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- hydrophilic
- sticker
- shield device
- water repellent
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/04—Mounting of cameras operative during drive; Arrangement of controls thereof relative to the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/20—Accessories, e.g. wind deflectors, blinds
- B60J1/2094—Protective means for window, e.g. additional panel or foil, against vandalism, dirt, wear, shattered glass, etc.
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/51—Housings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
- B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
- B60R2011/0026—Windows, e.g. windscreen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmission shield device, a camera device and a transmission sticker.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a transmission shield device, a camera device, and a transmission sticker that can better recognize outside information from the inside of the glass even when it is raining.
- a transmission shield device which solves the above-mentioned subject has a transmission member arranged in the sensing direction of an optical sensor.
- the transmission member has an outer surface exposed to the outside.
- the outer surface has an enlarged sensing area including the sensing area of the optical sensor and a surrounding area located further outside the expanded sensing area.
- the transmission shield device further includes at least one of a water repellent portion located in the enlarged sensing range and having water repellency, and a hydrophilic portion located in the surrounding range and having hydrophilicity.
- the droplets attached to the outer surface are allowed to move outward from the sensing range, or the entry of the droplets from the surrounding range into the sensing range is suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the transmission shield device of FIG.
- transmission shield apparatus in another example.
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the transmission shield device of FIG. 9; The schematic cross section for demonstrating the conveyance force of the raindrop by the hydrophilic part and the water repellent part of FIG. The partially expanded front view of the windshield of the vehicle in another example.
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the transmission shield device of FIG. 9; The schematic cross section for demonstrating the conveyance force of the raindrop by the hydrophilic part and the water repellent part of FIG. The partially expanded front view of the windshield of the vehicle in another example.
- a vehicle with an on-vehicle optical sensor (hereinafter simply referred to as a vehicle) 1 includes a windshield G as a transmissive member whose outer surface is exposed to the outside.
- an in-vehicle camera in this example, a drive recorder 2 as an in-vehicle optical sensor capable of imaging and recording (recording) information (such as appearance) outside the vehicle is provided inside the windshield G It is done.
- the on-vehicle camera 2 of the present embodiment is disposed at a central position in the width direction (horizontal direction) at the upper position of the windshield G.
- the on-vehicle camera 2 faces the portion of the windshield G which is not wiped by the vehicle wiper.
- the on-vehicle camera 2 is disposed between a rearview mirror (not shown) and the windshield G.
- the on-vehicle camera 2 captures and records an external situation through the windshield G.
- the windshield G has an outer surface exposed to the outside.
- the outer surface has an imaging range H1 which is a sensing range of the on-vehicle camera 2, an enlarged imaging range H2 which is an enlarged sensing range, and a surrounding range H3 which is located outside the enlarged imaging range H2 (see FIG. 2) ).
- the enlarged imaging range H2 is a range including all the imaging range H1 on the outer surface of the windshield G, and is a range slightly wider than the imaging range H1.
- the surrounding range H3 is a range around the enlarged imaging range H2.
- the surrounding area H3 is a position above and below the enlarged imaging area H2.
- stickers 3 and 4 as hydrophilic parts having hydrophilicity are attached.
- the stickers 3 and 4 are colorless and transparent stickers, and the outer surface thereof is configured to be more hydrophilic than the outer surface to which the stickers 3 and 4 of the windshield G are not attached.
- the water repellent finish is applied to the entire windshield G by providing the water repellent coating layer 5 on the entire windshield G in advance.
- the stickers 3, 4 are affixed on top of that. That is, in the present embodiment, the portion of the outer surface of the windshield G excluding the stickers 3 and 4 functions as a water repellent portion having water repellency.
- the sticker 3 is located above the imaging range H1.
- the sticker 3 has a central portion in the width direction (horizontal direction), both end portions in the width direction, and downward inclined portions 3a and 3b.
- the downward inclined portions 3a and 3b are inclined downward from the central portion toward both ends.
- the sticker 3 of the present embodiment has a downward slope 3a which is inclined downward from the central portion to the first end, and a downward inclination which is inclined downward from the central portion to the second end And inclined portion 3b.
- the sticker 4 is located below the imaging range H1.
- the sticker 4 has a central portion in the width direction (horizontal direction), both end portions in the width direction, and upward inclined portions 4a and 4b.
- the upward inclined portions 4a and 4b are inclined upward from the central portion toward both ends.
- the sticker 4 according to the present embodiment includes an upward inclined portion 4a inclined upward from the central portion toward the first end portion in the width direction, and a second end portion in the width direction from the central portion in the width direction And an upward inclined portion 4b inclined upward to the lower side.
- the transmission shield device configured as described above.
- raindrops flow toward the inside of the imaging range H1 (front of the on-vehicle camera 2) so as to hang from above the sticker 3 provided on the upper side.
- the raindrops are guided to the outside in the width direction mainly at the downward slopes 3a and 3b due to the hydrophilicity of the surface of the sticker 3. Therefore, the raindrops flow out of the imaging range H1 (see an arrow A indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1).
- the raindrops when traveling at high speed when it is raining, raindrops are blown up toward the inside of the imaging range H1 (the front of the on-vehicle camera 2) and flow from below from the sticker 4 provided below by traveling wind.
- the raindrops When the raindrops reach the sticker 4, the raindrops are guided to the outside in the width direction mainly at the upward slopes 4a and 4b due to the hydrophilicity of the surface of the sticker 4. Therefore, the raindrops flow out of the imaging range H1 (see an arrow B indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1).
- the windshield G has an outer surface exposed to the outside.
- the outer surface has an enlarged imaging range H2 including the imaging range H1 of the on-vehicle camera 2 and a surrounding range H3 located further outside the enlarged imaging range H2.
- the water-repellent coating layer 5 is located in the enlarged imaging range H2, and the stickers 3 and 4 having hydrophilicity are located in the surrounding range.
- Raindrops adhering to the outer surface of the windshield G can be moved outward from the imaging range H1 by the water-repellent coating layer 5.
- the raindrops adhering to the outer surface of the windshield G are inhibited from entering the imaging range H1 from the surrounding range H3 by the stickers 3 and 4 having hydrophilicity.
- the upper sticker 3 outside the imaging range H1 can suppress raindrops from flowing into the imaging range H1 so as to drop from above.
- the lower sticker 4 outside the imaging range H1 it is possible to suppress that raindrops blown up by the traveling wind or the like from below and rising from the lower side flow into the imaging range H1. Therefore, even when it is raining, raindrops can be prevented from passing through the imaging range H1 of the on-vehicle camera 2, and detection (imaging) of good outside information by the on-vehicle camera 2 becomes possible.
- the sticker 3 provided at the upper position outside the imaging range H1 has downward inclined portions 3a and 3b which are inclined downward from the central portion toward both ends. Therefore, the raindrops reaching the sticker 3 so as to hang down from above can be guided to the outside in the width direction by the downward inclined portions 3a and 3b and can be smoothly flowed out of the imaging range H1.
- the sticker 4 provided at the upper position outside the imaging range H1 has upward inclined portions 4a and 4b which are inclined upward from the central portion toward both ends. Therefore, the raindrops rising from the lower side by traveling wind or the like and reaching the sticker 4 can be guided to the outside in the width direction by the upward inclined portions 4a and 4b and smoothly flowed out of the imaging range H1.
- the hydrophilic portion can be provided easily (only by sticking) on the windshield G.
- the first embodiment may be modified as follows.
- transmission shield apparatus is water-repellent-treated by the whole windshield G.
- the transmission shield device is not limited to this, and may be changed to another shape.
- the hydrophilic part in this example is the hydrophilic coating layers 11 and 12, and the front glass G is provided with a coating agent.
- the upper coating layer 11 can prevent raindrops from flowing into the imaging range H1 (the front of the on-vehicle camera 2) so as to hang from above.
- the lower coating layer 12 can suppress raindrops blown up by the traveling wind or the like from below and rising from flowing in the imaging range H1 (the front of the on-vehicle camera 2).
- the hydrophilic portion is the hydrophilic coating layers 11 and 12, the hydrophilic portion can be easily provided only by applying or spraying a coating agent.
- the hydrophilic part may be omitted and only the water repellent part may be provided.
- the water repellent portion in this example is provided not only on the entire outer surface of the windshield G but only in the enlarged imaging range H2.
- the water repellent portion is the water repellent coating layer 5 as in the first embodiment.
- the transmission shield device may have the hydrophilic coating layers 11 and 12 shown in FIG. 3 and the water-repellent coating layer 5 shown in FIG.
- the water repellent portion may be a sticker 15 having water repellency.
- the sticker 15 is a colorless and transparent sticker, and the outer surface thereof is configured to be more water-repellent than the outer surface to which the sticker 15 of the windshield G is not attached.
- the stickers 3 and 4 are provided as hydrophilic parts in FIG. 6, the hydrophilic parts may be the coating layers 11 and 12 shown in FIG.
- the stickers 3 and 4 as the hydrophilic portions have the downward slopes 3a and 3b and the upward slopes 4a and 4b, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the hydrophilic portions are changed to another shape It is also good.
- they may be formed in a linear shape extending along the width direction (horizontal direction) of the vehicle.
- the hydrophilic portions are stickers 3 and 4 but may be the coating layers 11 and 12 described above.
- the water repellent portion is the coating layer 5, but it may be the sticker 15 described above.
- the hydrophilic portions (stickers 3 and 4) of the first embodiment may be changed to a shape in which the upper hydrophilic portion and the lower hydrophilic portion outside the imaging range H1 are connected on the outer side in the width direction of the imaging range H1.
- the hydrophilic portion may have a circular shape surrounding the imaging range H1.
- the surrounding range H3 is also the first lateral position (right side) and the second lateral position (left side) of the imaging range H1. Including.
- the stickers 3 and 4 as a hydrophilic part which has hydrophilicity were provided in the upper position of the imaging range H1, and the lower position, only one any hydrophilic part may be provided.
- the stickers 3 and 4 as a hydrophilic part which has hydrophilicity were provided in the upper position of the imaging range H1, and the lower position, only one any hydrophilic part may be provided.
- this invention was embodied in the structure by which the vehicle-mounted camera 2 was arrange
- at least one of the hydrophilic portion and the water repellent portion may be provided on the rear glass.
- the present invention is embodied in a configuration in which the in-vehicle optical sensor is the in-vehicle camera 2.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a vehicle in which a radar capable of measuring the distance to the vehicle ahead, which is information outside the vehicle, and an on-vehicle optical sensor using a laser beam that adversely affects sensing results due to droplets are disposed inside the windshield G
- the windshield G may be provided with a hydrophilic portion.
- At least one of the upper and lower sides of the outer surface of the windshield G may be provided with a hydrophilic portion having hydrophilicity.
- stickers 22 and 22 as hydrophilic parts having hydrophilicity may be attached to the upper and lower sides of the outer surface of the windshield G.
- the sticker 21 provided on the upper side has a central portion in the width direction (horizontal direction), both end portions in the width direction, and the downward inclined portions 21a and 21b.
- the downward inclined portion 21a is inclined downward from the central portion to the first end.
- the downward inclined portion 21b is inclined downward from the central portion to the second end.
- the sticker 22 provided on the lower side has a central portion in the width direction, both end portions in the width direction, and upward inclined portions 22a and 22b.
- the upward inclined portion 22a is inclined upward from the central portion to the first end.
- the upward inclined portion 22b is inclined upward from the central portion toward the second end.
- the stickers 21 and 22 are provided over substantially the entire width of the outer surface of the windshield G, but the present invention is not limited to this. At least one of the upper side and the lower side of the field of view (eye point) located in front of the driver's seat may be provided as a hydrophilic part having hydrophilicity.
- the hydrophilic portion may be formed of the coating layer, or the shape of the hydrophilic portion may be appropriately changed, as described above, in the example in which the view of the passenger is thus targeted.
- the hydrophilic portion and the water repellent portion may be provided at the position of the windshield G to be wiped by the vehicle wiper.
- a sticker 33 is attached to a position corresponding to an imaging range H1 (see FIG. 10) which is a sensing range of the on-vehicle camera 2 on the outer surface of the windshield G. Specifically, the sticker 33 is attached to the enlarged imaging range H2.
- the outer surface of the sticker 33 is provided with a hydrophilic portion 34 (second hydrophilic portion) and a water repellent portion 35 which extend over a range larger than the imaging range H1.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 has higher hydrophilicity than the water repellent portion 35.
- the water repellent portion 35 has higher water repellency than the hydrophilic portion 34.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 is configured to gradually increase in area in the direction of gravity.
- the water repellent portion 35 is configured to gradually decrease in area in the direction of gravity.
- the sticker 33 is formed in a rectangular shape.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 is configured to extend gradually in the direction of gravity as viewed from the front of the vehicle 1 along the outer surface of the windshield G and gradually increase in width.
- the water repellent portion 35 which is a portion other than the hydrophilic portion 34, is configured to extend gradually in the direction of gravity as viewed from the front of the vehicle 1 along the outer surface of the windshield G and to decrease its width gradually .
- the hydrophilic part 34 and the water repellent part 35 in these stickers 33 are arranged in a predetermined pattern.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35 in the sticker 33 are colorless and transparent, the hydrophilic portion 34 is shown in a shaded pattern in the partially enlarged view of FIG.
- the sticker 33 is disposed before being attached so that the area of the hydrophilic portion 34 gradually increases in one direction and the area of the water repellent portion 35 gradually decreases in one direction. .
- the sticker 33 is attached to the windshield G such that the one direction matches the direction of gravity. It is preferable that the target droplet contacts across the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35 in order to exert the transport force of the target droplet to be removed such as raindrops. Therefore, it is preferable to make the width of the hydrophilic portion 34 and the width of the water repellent portion 35 smaller than the particle diameter, assuming the particle diameter of the target droplet (the size of the contact surface of the droplet with the sticker 33).
- the transmission shield device configured as described above.
- the raindrops are mainly due to the action of the sticker 33 (conveyance force F of droplets by the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repelling portion 35) and gravity. It flows in the direction of gravity.
- the sticker 33 (the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35) has a transport force F of the droplet E. That is, in a state in which the windshield G and the sticker 33 are arranged horizontally, the droplet E has a region where the area of the hydrophilic portion 34 is large (the lower side in FIG.
- the portion of the droplet E located in the area where the area of the hydrophilic portion 34 is large forms a contact angle ⁇ a with the sticker 33.
- the portion of the droplet E located in the large area of the water repellent portion 35 forms a contact angle ⁇ b with the sticker 33. Since the contact angle ⁇ a is smaller than the contact angle ⁇ b, the droplet E is subjected to the transport force F directed to the area where the area of the hydrophilic portion 34 is large (right side in FIG. 11).
- the raindrops mainly flow in the direction of gravity because the direction in which the transport force F works corresponds to the direction in which the gravity works.
- the windshield G is illustrated vertically in FIG. 10, it may of course be inclined. In this case, the component of gravity and the transport force F act to cause the raindrop to flow in the direction of gravity (specifically, the direction of component of gravity on the inclined surface of the windshield G).
- the hydrophilic portion (second hydrophilic portion) 34 is located in the enlarged imaging range H2 and has hydrophilicity.
- the water repellent portion 35 positioned in the enlarged imaging range H2 has an area that gradually decreases in the gravity direction.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 is disposed adjacent to the water repellent portion 35.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 has an area that gradually increases in the direction of gravity. Therefore, even if raindrops adhere to the outer surface of the sticker 33, the raindrops easily flow in the direction of gravity due to the transport force F and the gravity by the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the raindrop from adhering to the outer surface of the windshield G at a position in the sensing direction of the on-vehicle camera 2 and to perform good detection by the on-vehicle camera 2, that is, imaging.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35 are provided over a range larger than the imaging range H1 of the on-vehicle camera 2 on the outer surface of the windshield G. Therefore, raindrops can be moved to the outside of the imaging range H1 of the on-vehicle camera 2, and good imaging by the on-vehicle camera 2 becomes possible.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35 are provided in a single sticker 33.
- the sticker 33 is attached to the outer surface of the windshield G. Therefore, both the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35 can be easily provided on the windshield G. In particular, it is preferable when both the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35 are set in a predetermined pattern to form a single sticker 33.
- the second embodiment may be modified as follows. -The hydrophilic part 34 and the water repellent part 35 of 2nd Embodiment may be changed into the shape of another pattern, if the conveyance force F is comprised so that a gravity direction may turn rather than a horizontal direction.
- the hydrophilic portion 41 (second hydrophilic portion) in this example extends outward along the outer surface of the windshield G obliquely in the width direction with respect to the direction of gravity as viewed from the front of the vehicle 1.
- the width of the hydrophilic portion 41 gradually increases toward the outside in the width direction.
- the water repellent portion 42 which is a portion of the sticker 43 other than the hydrophilic portion 41, extends outward in the width direction obliquely with respect to the gravity direction when viewed from the front of the vehicle 1.
- the width of the water repellent portion 42 gradually decreases toward the outside in the width direction.
- the transport force F toward the outside in the width direction obliquely with respect to the direction of gravity as seen from the front of the vehicle 1 by the hydrophilic portion 41 and the water repellent portion 42 It occurs. Therefore, it becomes easy for the raindrops to flow in the direction of gravity due to the transport force F and the gravity by the hydrophilic portion 41 and the water repellent portion 42.
- the hydrophilic part 41 and the water-repellent part 42 in the sticker 43 of this example are colorless and transparent, in order to make it easy to visually recognize in FIG.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 (41) and the water repellent portion 35 (42) are provided on a single sticker 33 (43) and attached to the outer surface of the windshield G, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the hydrophilic portion may be a hydrophilic coating layer
- the water repellent portion may be a water repellent coating layer.
- the windshield G can be coated directly with a coating agent to form hydrophilic and water repellent coating layers.
- the hydrophilic portion and the water repellent portion can be easily provided only by applying or spraying the coating agent.
- the hydrophilic part may be more hydrophilic than the water repellent part.
- a hydrophilic portion having high hydrophilicity to the original outer surface of the windshield G may be provided with a coating agent.
- the original outer surface of the windshield G functions as a water repellent portion.
- the water repellent portion may have higher water repellency than the hydrophilic portion.
- only the water repellent portion having high water repellency to the original outer surface of the windshield G may be provided with a coating agent. In this case, the original outer surface of the windshield G functions as a hydrophilic portion.
- the hydrophilic part 34 and the water-repellent part 35 are provided in the expansion imaging range H2 in the outer surface of the windshield G in the said embodiment, it is not limited to this.
- the hydrophilic portion 34 and the water repellent portion 35 may be provided only in the vicinity of the central portion in the imaging range H1 of the on-vehicle camera 2.
- the present invention may be embodied in a camera apparatus (monitoring camera) 51 installed along a road or a river.
- the camera device 51 includes a camera element unit 51a as an optical sensor for imaging the outside, a glass window 51b as a transmission member exposed to the outside, and a sticker 33 (a hydrophilic unit 34 and a water repellent unit 35) provided in the glass window 51b. And have. Even in this case, good imaging can be performed by suppressing the state in which droplets such as raindrops are attached to the outer surface of the glass window 51b.
- the in-vehicle optical sensor may be a radar capable of measuring the distance to the vehicle ahead or an in-vehicle optical sensor using laser light.
- the hydrophilic part and the water repellent part may be provided on the transmitting member disposed in the sensing direction of the radar or laser light and exposed to the outside as described above.
- the on-vehicle camera 2 may be applied as a side mirror camera for imaging the side of the vehicle, or may be applied as a rear camera for imaging the rear of the vehicle.
- SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle, 2 ... Vehicle-mounted camera (optical sensor), 3, 4, 21, 22 ... sticker (hydrophilic part), 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b ... inclination part, 5 ...
- Coating layer Water repellent part
- 15 sticker (water repellent part), 11, 12: coating layer (hydrophilic part), 33, 43: sticker, 34, 41: hydrophilic part, 35, 42: water repellent part
- 51a camera element portion
- 51b glass window (transmissive member)
- E droplet
- F transport force
- G front glass (transmissive member)
- ⁇ a, ⁇ b contact angle
- H1 imaging range (sensing range )
- H3 surrounding range.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
このような車両では、例えば、事故等が起こった際の車外の様子を録画しておくことができる。
図1及び図2に示すように、車載光学センサ付き車両(以下、単に車両と言う)1は、外表面が外部に露出した透過部材としてのフロントガラスGを備えている。
例えば、降雨時であって低速走行時には、上側に設けられるステッカ3よりも上方から垂れるように雨滴が前記撮像範囲H1内(車載カメラ2の正面)に向かって流れて来る。雨滴がステッカ3に到達すると、その雨滴はステッカ3表面の親水性により主に下り傾斜部3a,3bにて幅方向外側に案内される。そのため、雨滴は撮像範囲H1外に流れる(図1中、2点鎖線で示された矢印A参照)。
(1)フロントガラスGは外部に露出した外表面を有している。外表面は車載カメラ2の撮像範囲H1を含む拡大撮像範囲H2と拡大撮像範囲H2のさらに外側に位置する周囲範囲H3とを有している。撥水性のコーティング層5が拡大撮像範囲H2に位置するとともに、親水性を有するステッカ3,4が周囲範囲に位置している。フロントガラスGの外表面に付着した雨滴は、撥水性のコーティング層5によって、撮像範囲H1から外側への移動が可能とされる。また、フロントガラスGの外表面に付着した雨滴は、親水性を有するステッカ3,4によって、周囲範囲H3から撮像範囲H1への進入が抑制される。
上記第1実施形態は、以下のように変更してもよい。
・例えば、図6に示すように、撥水部が撥水性を有するステッカ15であってもよい。このステッカ15は、無色透明のステッカであって、その外表面が、フロントガラスGのステッカ15が貼付されていない外表面より撥水性が高くなるように構成されている。図6において親水部としてステッカ3,4が設けられているが、親水部は図3に示すコーティング層11,12であってもよい。
・第1実施形態では、フロントガラスGの内側に車載カメラ2が配設された構成に本発明を具体化したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。例えば、リアガラスの内側に車載カメラが配設された車両において、リアガラスに親水部及び撥水部のうちの少なくとも一方を設けてもよい。尚、この場合、高速走行時であっても走行風によって下方から上方に雨滴が流れることは考え難いため、撮像範囲外の上側のみに親水部を設けるだけでも十分な効果を得ることができる。または、撮像範囲のみに撥水部を設けるだけでも十分な効果を得ることができる。
この例では、上側に設けられるステッカ21は、幅方向(水平方向)における中央部と、幅方向における両端部と、下り傾斜部21a,21bとを有している。下り傾斜部21aは、中央部から第1の端部に向かって下方に傾斜している。下り傾斜部21bは、中央部から第2の端部に向かって下方に傾斜している。又、下側に設けられるステッカ22は、幅方向における中央部と、幅方向における両端部と、上り傾斜部22a,22bとを有している。上り傾斜部22aは、中央部から第1の端部に向かって上方に傾斜している。上り傾斜部22bは、中央部から第2の端部に向かって上方に傾斜している。
・親水部及び撥水部は、車両用ワイパにて払拭されるフロントガラスGの位置に設けられていてもよい。
フロントガラスGの外表面における車載カメラ2のセンシング範囲である撮像範囲H1(図10参照)と対応した位置には、ステッカ33が貼付されている。詳しくは、ステッカ33は、拡大撮像範囲H2に貼付されている。ステッカ33の外表面には、撮像範囲H1よりも大きい範囲に亘って延びている親水部34(第2親水部)及び撥水部35が設けられている。親水部34は、撥水部35よりも高い親水性を有している。撥水部35は、親水部34よりも高い撥水性を有している。ステッカ33において、親水部34は重力方向に向かって徐々に面積が大きくなるように構成されている。ステッカ33において、撥水部35は重力方向に向かって徐々に面積が小さくなるように構成されている。本実施形態では、ステッカ33は四角形に形成されている。親水部34は、フロントガラスGの外表面に沿って車両1の前方から見て重力方向に真っ直ぐ延びつつその幅が徐々に大きくなるように構成されている。その親水部34以外の部分である撥水部35は、フロントガラスGの外表面に沿って車両1の前方から見て重力方向に真っ直ぐ延びつつその幅が徐々に小さくなるように構成されている。そして、本実施形態では、これらステッカ33における親水部34及び撥水部35は、所定のパターンで配置されている。尚、ステッカ33における親水部34及び撥水部35は無色透明であるが、図9の部分拡大図では視覚的に分かり易くするために親水部34を網掛け模様で図示している。又、ステッカ33は、親水部34の面積が一方向に向かって徐々に大きくなるとともに、撥水部35の面積が一方向にむかって徐々に小さくなるように貼付される前に配置されている。ステッカ33は、前記一方向が重力方向に合うように、フロントガラスGに貼付されている。なお、雨滴などの除去すべき対象液滴の搬送力を発揮する上では、対象液滴が親水部34と撥水部35とに跨って接触することが好ましい。そのため、対象液滴の粒径(液滴のステッカ33との接触面の大きさ)を想定し、親水部34の幅及び撥水部35の幅を該粒径よりも小さくすることが好ましい。
例えば、降雨等によって、フロントガラスGにおけるステッカ33の外表面に雨滴が付着すると、雨滴はステッカ33の作用(親水部34と撥水部35による液滴の搬送力F)と重力とによって主に重力方向に流れる。詳しくは、図11に示すように、ステッカ33(親水部34と撥水部35)は液滴Eの搬送力Fを有している。即ち、フロントガラスG及びステッカ33が水平に配置された状態で、液滴Eは、親水部34の面積が大きい領域(図9では下側)と撥水部35の面積が大きい領域(図9では上側)とに跨るようにステッカ33に付着する。この時、図11に示すように、親水部34の面積が大きい領域に位置する液滴Eの部位はステッカ33に対して接触角θaをなす。撥水部35の面積が大きい領域に位置する液滴Eの部位はステッカ33に対して接触角θbをなす。接触角θaは接触角θbよりも小さいため、液滴Eには親水部34の面積が大きい領域(図11中、右側)に向く搬送力Fが働くことになる。そして、本実施形態では、搬送力Fが働く方向を重力の働く方向に対応させていることで、雨滴が主に重力方向に流れる。尚、図10ではフロントガラスGを垂直に図示しているが、勿論傾斜していてもよい。この場合、重力の分力と搬送力Fとが雨滴を重力方向(詳しくはフロントガラスGの傾斜した面における重力の分力方向)に流すように作用する。
(5)親水部(第2親水部)34は、拡大撮像範囲H2に位置するとともに親水性を有する。拡大撮像範囲H2に位置する撥水部35は、重力方向に向かって徐々に小さくなる面積を有している。親水部34は撥水部35と隣接して配置されている。親水部34は、重力方向に向かって徐々に大きくなる面積を有している。よって、ステッカ33の外表面に雨滴が付着しても親水部34及び撥水部35による搬送力Fと重力とによって雨滴が重力方向に流れ易くなる。よって、車載カメラ2のセンシング方向の位置のフロントガラスGの外表面に雨滴が付着したままの状態となってしまうことを抑えて、車載カメラ2による良好な検出、即ち撮像が可能となる。
・第2実施形態の親水部34及び撥水部35は、搬送力Fが水平方向よりも重力方向を向くように構成されれば、他のパターンの形状に変更してもよい。
Claims (13)
- 光学センサのセンシング方向に配設される透過部材であって、該透過部材は外部に露出した外表面を有しており、該外表面は前記光学センサのセンシング範囲を含む拡大センシング範囲と該拡大センシング範囲のさらに外側に位置する周囲範囲とを有している、前記透過部材と、
前記拡大センシング範囲に位置するとともに撥水性を有する撥水部、及び前記周囲範囲に位置するとともに親水性を有する親水部、のうちの少なくとも一方と、を備え、
前記外表面に付着した液滴は、前記センシング範囲から外側への移動が可能とされる、もしくは前記周囲範囲から前記センシング範囲への進入が抑制される、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項1に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記親水部は、前記センシング範囲の上方の位置及び前記センシング範囲の下方の位置の少なくとも一方に設けられている、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項1に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記親水部は、前記センシング範囲の上方の位置に設けられており、
前記親水部は、中央部と端部と下り傾斜部とを有しており、
該下り傾斜部は、前記中央部から前記端部に向かって下方に傾斜している、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項1に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記親水部は、前記センシング範囲の下方の位置に設けられており
前記親水部は、中央部と端部と上り傾斜部とを有しており、
該上り傾斜部は、前記中央部から前記端部に向かって上方に傾斜している、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項1に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記親水部は、前記透過部材の前記外表面に親水性のコーティング剤がコートされてなる、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項1に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記拡大センシング範囲に位置するとともに親水性を有する第2親水部をさらに備え、
前記拡大センシング範囲に位置する前記撥水部は、重力方向に向かって徐々に小さくなる面積を有しており、
前記第2親水部は前記撥水部と隣接して配置されており、
前記第2親水部は、重力方向に向かって徐々に大きくなる面積を有している、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項6に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記第2親水部及び撥水部は単一の透過ステッカに設けられており、
該透過ステッカは前記透過部材の前記外表面に貼付されている、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項6に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記第2親水部は、前記透過部材の前記外表面に親水性のコーティング剤がコートされてなる、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項6に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記撥水部は、前記透過部材の前記外表面に撥水性のコーティング剤がコートされてなる、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の透過シールド装置において、
前記透過部材は車両のフロントガラスである、透過シールド装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の透過シールド装置と、
前記透過シールド装置を介して外部を撮像する前記光学センサと、を備えるカメラ装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の透過シールド装置の前記透過部材の外表面に貼付される透過ステッカであって、
該透過ステッカの外表面は、前記親水部、及び前記撥水部のうちの少なくとも一つを有している、透過ステッカ。 - 請求項12に記載の透過ステッカであって、
前記透過ステッカの外表面は前記拡大センシング範囲に位置するとともに親水性を有する第2親水部をさらに備え、
前記拡大センシング範囲に位置する前記撥水部は、重力方向に向かって徐々に小さくなる面積を有しており、
前記第2親水部は前記撥水部と隣接して配置されており、
前記第2親水部は、重力方向に向かって徐々に大きくなる面積を有している、透過ステッカ。
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