Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
  • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
  • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
  • A61K47/6811—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being a protein or peptide, e.g. transferrin or bleomycin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
  • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
  • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
  • A61K47/6811—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being a protein or peptide, e.g. transferrin or bleomycin
  • A61K47/6817—Toxins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
  • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
  • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
  • A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

• the invention relates to linkage systems for release of payload from an attached targeting moiety, and methods of using the same.
• Delivery scaffolds find many uses in the biological, chemical, and medical fields. For example, the delivery of drugs and other agents to target cells or tissues for the treatment of cancer and other diseases has been the focus of considerable research for many years. Most agents currently administered to a patient parenterally are not targeted, resulting in systemic delivery of the agent to cells and tissues of the body where it is unnecessary, and often undesirable. This may result in adverse drug side effects, and often limits the dose of a drug (e.g., chemotherapeutic (anti-cancer)) that can be administered.
• chemotherapeutic anti-cancer
• oral administration of drugs is considered to be a convenient and economical mode of administration, it shares the same concerns of non-specific toxicity to non-target cells once the drug has been absorbed into the systemic circulation. Further complications involve problems with oral bioavailability and residence of drug in the gastrointestinal tract leading to additional exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to the drug and hence risk of gastrointestinal tract toxicities.
• cytotoxic or anti-mitotic agents e.g., drugs to kill or inhibit tumor cells in the treatment of cancer
• systemic administration of unconjugated drug agents may result in unacceptable levels of toxicity to normal cells as well as the tumor cells sought to be eliminated.
• the linkage of drugs to antibodies or other targeting moieties to form conjugates that are capable of releasing free drug involves consideration of a variety of factors, including the identity and location of the chemical group for conjugation of the drug, the mechanism of drug release (e.g., via a cleavable bond), the structural elements providing for drug release (e.g., an enzyme recognition sequence and a cleavable bond), and any structural modifications resulting from drug release. What is required is a means for conjugation and specific drug release that does not compromise drug activity. In some instances, the installation of a chemical handle in a drug of interest may be desirable for effective conjugations and drug delivery.
• compositions comprising a payload compound linked to a targeting moiety in a conjugate, and related methods of manufacture and use thereof.
• the invention provides conjugates that are enzymatically cleavable and capable of releasing payload compound from targeting moiety upon enzymatic cleavage.
• the targeting moiety is an antibody.
• the payload compound is a biologically active compound.
• the payload compound is a cytotoxic or cytostatic drug.
• the payload is a labeling moiety.
• the invention provides compositions having the following structure: [(P)-(L)] m -(T)
• (P) is a payload compound
• (L) is a linker
• (T) is a targeting moiety
• m is an integer from 1 to 10. In certain embodiments, m is 1.
• (P) is linked to (T) through (L) as depicted in the following structure:
• R is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 27 - -CSR 27 - -OR - and -NHR - wherein each R is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl,
• P 3 is (P) or a portion of (P),
• L 3 is (L) or a portion of (L),
• (T) is a targeting moiety.
• R is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• N-acyl sulfonamide- containing conjugates may be synthesized such that an N-acyl sulfonamide moiety is covalently linked to a chemical group, (R), which comprises a nitrogen atom that forms a peptide bond (the junction peptide bond (JPB)) with the carbonyl group of an amino acid that forms part of the linker (L).
• R chemical group
• JPB junction peptide bond
• the JPB is enzymatically cleavable.
• Moieties similar to N-acyl sulfonamides, such as N-acyl sulfamamides may also be used. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a compound of formula (I) is provided wherein (P) is linked to (T) through (L) as depicted in the following structure:
• R" is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 27 - -CSR 27 - -OR 27 - , and -NHR 27 - wherein each R 27 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, wherein each AA is independently an amino acid, wherein x is an integer from 0 to 25, wherein (L') is the remaining portion (if any) of linker (L), wherein (T) is the targeting moiety.
• (AA)'-(AA) X taken together comprises an amino acid sequence capable of facilitating enyzmatic cleavage of the JPB.
• a plurality of payload moiteties (P) are attached to a single linker moiety (L).
• -R"-NH- in formula (XXVI) is selected from the group consisting of:
• -R"-NH- in formula (XXVI) is selected from the group consisting of:
• cleavage of a compound of formula (I) results in a compound of formula (IV):
• cleavage of the JPB results in a compound of formula (V):
• the invention provides a method of making a composition having structure (I).
• Compositions having structure (I) can be produced using a wide range of synthetic routes and a wide range of reactants.
• the N-acyl sulfonamide moiety and the R group of formula (XXVI) may be present in the same reactant or different reactants.
• the N-acyl sulfonamide moiety may be present on a single reactant or may be formed by two reactants in a conjugation reaction step.
• the JPB may be intact within a reactant or may be formed by two reactants in a conjugation reaction step.
• the JPB may be intact within a single reactant that also contains the amino acid sequence facilitating enzymatic cleavage of the JPB, or the amino acid sequence facilitating enzymatic cleavage may be formed and brought together with the JPB by multiple reactants in a conjugation reaction step.
• compounds of formulas (I), (II) (III), (XXI), and (XXVI) may be similar to N-acyl sulfonamides (e.g., sulfamamides).
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition having structure (I), or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• a method of using a composition having structure (I) in therapy is provided.
• the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition having structure (I) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition having structure (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent or excipient.
• the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting tumor growth in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition having structure (I) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition having structure (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• the present disclosure provides a method of killing cancer cells in vitro using a composition having structure (I).
• the present disclosure provides a method of killing cancer cells in vivo in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition having structure (I) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition having structure (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• Figure 1 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound A on three cell lines (HCC1954, NCI-N87, and Jurkat).
• Figure 2 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound B on three cell lines (HCC1954, NCI-N87, and Jurkat).
• Figure 3 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound C on three cell lines (HCC1954, NCI-N87, and Jurkat).
• Figure 4 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound D on three cell lines (HCC1954, NCI-N87, and Jurkat).
• Figure 5 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound E on three cell lines
• Figure 6 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound F on two cell lines (HCC 1954 and NCI-N87).
• Figure 7 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound G on three cell lines (HCC 1954, NCI-N87, and Jurkat).
• Figure 8 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound H on three cell lines (HCC 1954, NCI-N87, and Jurkat).
• Figure 9 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound I on three cell lines (HCC 1954, NCI-N87, and Jurkat).
• Figure 10 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound J on two cell lines
• Figure 1 1 shows a cytotoxicity data plot for Compound K on three cell lines [HCC 1954 (human breast cancer), NCI-N87 (human gastric cancer), and Jurkat (human T cell leukemia)].
• Figure 16 shows the tumor volumes of study mice following a single dose of
• ADC Trastuzumab, or vehicle.
• antibody herein is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) formed from at least two intact antibodies, and antibody fragments, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
• antibody refers to a full-length immunoglobulin molecule or a functionally active portion of a full-length immunoglobulin molecule, i.e., a molecule that contains an antigen binding site that immunospecifically binds an antigen of a target of interest or part thereof.
• the immunoglobulin disclosed herein can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA), class (e.g., IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgAl and IgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule.
• the immunoglobulins can be derived from any species. In one aspect the immunoglobulin is of human, murine, or rabbit origin.
• the antibodies are polyclonal, monoclonal, multi-specific (e.g., bispecific), human, humanized or chimeric antibodies, linear antibodies, single chain antibodies, diabodies, maxibodies, minibodies, Fv, Fab fragments, F(ab') fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, fragments produced by a Fab expression library, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, CDR's, and epitope- binding fragments of any of the above which immunospecifically bind to a target antigen.
• bispecific e.g., bispecific antibodies
• human, humanized or chimeric antibodies linear antibodies, single chain antibodies, diabodies, maxibodies, minibodies, Fv, Fab fragments, F(ab') fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, fragments produced by a Fab expression library, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, CDR's, and epitope- binding fragments of any of the above which immunospecific
• Monoclonal antibody refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally-occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts.
• Monoclonal antibodies include "chimeric" antibodies in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a particular antibody class or subclass, while the remainder of the chain(s) is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well as fragments of such antibodies (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
• Monoclonal antibodies also include humanized antibodies may contain a completely human constant region and a CDRs from a nonhuman source.
• an “intact” antibody is one which comprises an antigen-binding variable region as well as a light chain constant domain (CL) and heavy chain constant domains, CHI, CH2 and CH3-
• the constant domains may be native sequence constant domains (e.g., human native sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variant thereof.
• an intact antibody may have one or more "effector functions" which refer to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region (a native sequence Fc region or amino acid sequence variant Fc region) of an antibody.
• effector functions include Clq binding; complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC; Fc receptor binding; antibody- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; down regulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor; BCR), etc.
• the antibody lacks effector function.
• Antibody fragments comprise a portion of an intact antibody, preferably comprising the antigen-binding or variable region thereof.
• antibody fragments include Fab, Fab', F(ab3 ⁇ 4, and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules; maxibodies; minibodies; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragment(s).
• an “isolated” antibody is one which has been identified and separated and/or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminant components of its natural environment are materials which would interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody, and may include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or nonproteinaceous solutes.
• the antibody will be purified (1) to greater than 95% by weight of antibody as determined by the Lowry method, and most preferably more than 99% by weight, (2) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (3) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under reducing or nonreducing conditions using Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver stain.
• Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within recombinant cells since at least one component of the antibody's natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however, isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step.
• An antibody "which binds" an antigen of interest is one capable of binding that antigen with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful in targeting a cell expressing the antigen.
• a “native sequence” polypeptide is one which has the same amino acid sequence as a polypeptide derived from nature. Such native sequence polypeptides can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means. Thus, a native sequence polypeptide can have the amino acid sequence of naturally-occurring human polypeptide, murine polypeptide, or polypeptide from any other mammalian species.
• amino acid or “residue” as used herein includes any one of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids, the D-form of any one of the naturally-occurring amino acids, non-naturally occurring amino acids, and derivatives, analogs, and mimetics thereof. Any amino acid, including naturally occurring amino acids, may be purchased commercially or synthesized by methods known in the art. Examples of non-naturally-occurring amino acids include citrulline (“Cit”), norleucine ("Nle”), norvaline (“Nva”), ⁇ -Alanine, L- or D- naphthalanine, ornithine ("Orn”), homoarginine (homoArg) and others well known in the peptide art, including those described in M.
• Common amino acids may be referred to by their full name, standard single-letter notation, or standard three-letter notation for example: A, Ala, alanine; C, Cys, cysteine; D, Asp, aspartic; E, Glu, glutamic acid; F, Phe, phenylalanine; G, Gly, glycine; H, His, histidine; I, He isoleucine; K, Lys, lysine; L, Leu, leucine; M, Met, methionine; N, Asn, asparagine; P, Pro, proline; Q, Gin, glutamine; R, Arg, arginine; S, Ser, serine; T, Thr, threonine; V, Val, valine; W, Tip, tryptophan; X, Hyp, hydroxyproline; Y, Tyr, tyrosine.
• any and all of the amino acids in the compositions herein can be naturally occurring, synthetic, and derivatives or mimetics thereof.
• amino acid residues contain one or more chiral centers, any of the D, L, meso, threo or erythro (as appropriate) racemates or mixtures thereof, fall within the scope of this invention.
• the terms "intracellularly cleaved” and “intracellular cleavage” refer to a process or reaction inside a cell on a composition of the invention.
• the junction peptide bond (JPB) linking the payload (P) to the linker (L) is broken, liberating payload (P) from targeting moiety (T) inside the cell.
• the liberated payload (P) may be a compound having a structure selected from formula (IV) and formula (V) and formula (XEX).
• Other linkers known in the art may also be used in the invention. Linkers may be, for example, enzymatically cleavable or chemically cleavable, or non-cleavable.
• a payload may be liberated through the degradation or proteolysis of (T) and/or (L).
• extracellularly cleaved and extracellular cleavage refer to a process or reaction outside a cell on a composition of the invention.
• the junction peptide bond (JPB) linking the payload (P) to the linker (L) is broken, liberating payload (P) from targeting moiety (T) outside a cell.
• the liberated payload (P) is a compound having a structure selected from formula (IV), (V) and (XIX).
• the invention provides compositions having the following structure:
• (P) is linked to (T) through (L) as depicted in the following structure:
• Pv is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 21 - -CSR 27 -
• each R is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• P 3 is (P) or a portion of (P);
• L 3 is (L) or a portion of (L);
• (T) is a targeting moiety.
• (P)-(L) has the following structure (II):
• R is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 27 - -CSR 27 -
• each R " is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R is absent,
• (P) is P 3 and any portion of N-acyl sulfonamide-R bound to P J after cleavage;
• (L) is L 3 and any portion of N-acyl sulfonamide-R bound to L 3 after cleavage.
• R is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R is absent.
• R is present and (L) is present and (L) and (P) are linked by a peptide bond.
• (L) and L 3 are absent and (P) is bonded to (T) and has the structure of Formula (XXXI):
• (XXXI) A wide variety of compounds find use as (P) in the invention. Of particular interest include, antibiotics, diagnostic agents (e.g. detectable labels), anti-inflammatory agents, anti-viral agents, cytotoxic agents, and anti-cancer drugs.
• the payload compound is a biologically active compound.
• the payload compound is a cytotoxic or cytostatic drug.
• N-acyl sulfonamide-containing cleavable conjugates may be synthesized such that an N-acyl sulfonamide moiety is covalently linked to a chemical group, (R), which is covalently bonded to a nitrogen atom that forms an enzymatically cleavable peptide bond (the junction peptide bond (JPB)) with the carbonyl group of an amino acid that forms part of the amino acid sequence facilitating enzymatic cleavage of the JPB.
• R chemical group
• JPB junction peptide bond
• Moieties similar to N-acyl sulfonamides, such as N-acyl sulfamamides may also be used.
• the invention provides compounds of Formula I:
• the invention provides compounds of Formula I:
• JPB junction peptide bond
• R is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 27 - -CSR 27 - -OR 27 - and -NHR 27 - wherein each R 27 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, wherein each AA is independently an amino acid, wherein
• n 1
• R is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• cleavage results in a compound of formula (IV):
• cleavage results in a compound of formula ( ⁇ ):
• cleavage of the JPB results in a compound of formula (V):
• P has the following structure (VI)
• n is an integer from 1 to 10;
• i is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 24 - -CSR 24 - - OR 24 - and -NHR 24 - wherein each R 24 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and Q_ alkyl
• R4 is selected from the group consisting of H and C 1-6 alkyl
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of Q_6 alkyl and -SH, and wherein the -NH- group bonded to Ri in formula (VI) forms the junction peptide bond (JPB) with (AA) 1 in formula (III), wherein the JPB is enzymatically cleavable, wherein each AA is independently an amino acid, wherein x is an integer from 0 to 25, wherein (L 1 ) is the remaining portion (if any) of linker (L), wherein (T) is the targeting moiety, and wherein (AA)'-(AA) X taken together comprises an amino acid sequence capable of facilitating enyzmatic cleavage of the (JPB).
• R 3 is H
• R4 is methyl
• n 1
• R] is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• each optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl is, independently, selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted anthracyl, optionally substituted phenanthryl, optionally substituted furyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted benzofuryl, optionally substituted benzothiophenyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, and optionally substituted pyridinyl.
• R2 is selected from one of the following structures (A), (B), (C), (D):
• each Q is independently selected from CR29 or N;
• each Z is independently selected from C(R 29 ) 2 , NR 2 9, S, or O; each R29 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, -OH, -R2 8> - OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR28, -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , -NR 28 COR 28 , - R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , -CONHR 28 , - CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -SO 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• each R 9 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, OH, -R 28> -OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , NR 28 COR 28 , -R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , CONHR 2 g, -CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -SO 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 2 g, wherein each R : is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -SH,
• R2 is:
• R 3 , R4 and R 5 are each methyl.
• R 3 is H, R4 is methyl, and R 5 is methyl.
• any embodiment of the compounds of structure (VI), as set forth above, and any specific substituent set forth herein for a R h R 2 , R3, R4, R5, R28, or R29 group in the compounds of structure (VI), as set forth herein, may be independently combined with other embodiments and/or substituents of compounds of structure (VI) to form embodiments of the present disclosure not specifically set forth above.
• substituents in the event that a list of substituents is listed for any particular R], R 2 , R3, R), R5, R28, or R29 in a particular embodiment and/or claim, it is understood that each individual substituent may be deleted from the particular embodiment and/or claim and that the remaining list of substituents will be considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
• P has the following structure (XIV):
• Rg and R 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H and a saturated or unsaturated moiety having a linear, branched, or non-aromatic cyclic skeleton containing one to ten carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms are optionally substituted with: -OH, -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -CHO, -COSH, or -N0 2 ; or R 7 and R, 0 are fused and form a ring;
• R « and R9 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, R', ArR'-, or 3 ⁇ 4 and R 9 are joined to form a ring;
• R 10 is selected from the group consisting of: H, R', ArR'-, and Ar; or R 10 and R 7 are fused and form a ring;
• R n is selected from the group consisting of: H, R', and ArR'-;
• R12 and R are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, R', and
• R 15 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR24- -CSR24-. - OR2 - and -NHR24- wherein each R 2 4 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• the ring formed by joining Rg and R 9 is a three to seven member non-aromatic cyclic skeleton within the definition of R',
• Y is defined as a moiety selected from the group consisting of: a linear, saturated or unsaturated, one to six carbon alkyl group, optionally substituted with R', ArR'— , or X; and,
• Ar is an aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, pyrrolyl.
• each optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl is, independently, selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted anthracyl, optionally substituted phenanthiyl, optionally substituted furyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted benzofuryl, optionally substituted benzothiophenyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, and optionally substituted pyridinyl.
• R ]0 is selected from one of the following structures (A), (B), (C), (D):
• each Q is independently selected from CR 2 9 or N;
• each Z is independently selected from C(R 2 9)2, NR 2 9, S, or O; each R 29 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, -OH, -R 28 - OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , -NR 28 COR 28 , - R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , -CONHR 28 , - CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -S0 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is
• Ri 0 is selected from the group consisting of:
• each R79 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, - OH, -R 28> -OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , - NR 28 COR 28 , -R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , - CONHR 28 , -CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -SO 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or
• R 10 is selected from the group consisting of:
• Rio is:
• R « and R 7 are each methyl.
• R 3 ⁇ 4 is H and R 7 is methyl.
• R] 2 is branched C4 alkyl.
• any embodiment of the compounds of structure (XIV), as set forth h, and any specific substituent set forth herein for a R 7 , R «, R 9 , R ]0 , Rn , R12, R13, R 14 , Ri5, Ri6, 3 ⁇ 48, or R 2 9 group in the compounds of structure (XIV), as set forth above, may be independently combined with other embodiments and/or substituents of compounds of structure (XIV) to form embodiments of the present disclosure not specifically set forth above.
• P has the following structure (XV):
• Ri 7 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR24-, -CSR24-, - OR24-, and -NHR24-, wherein each R 2 4 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl.;
• Ri g is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• Ri is selected from the group consisting of H and C 1-6 alkyl
• R20 is selected from the group consisting of H and C 1-6 alkyl
• R21 and R27 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Ci_ 6 alkyl and -SH, with the proviso that R 2 i and R 2 7 cannot both be H;
• R23, 24 and R25 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Ci_6 alkyl, at least one of R 2 and R23 is H; or R23 and R24 form a double bond, R22 is H, and R25 is H or Ci-6 alkyl; and
• R26 is selected from the group consisting of H and C w alkyl; and wherein the -NH- group bonded to R ] 7 in formula (XV) forms a junction peptide bond (JPB) with (AA) 1 in formula (III), wherein the JPB is enzymatically cleavable, wherein each AA is independently an amino acid, wherein x is an integer from 0 to 25, wherein (L') is the remaining portion (if any) of linker (L), wherein (T) is the targeting moiety, and wherein (AA)'-(AA) X taken together comprises an amino acid sequence capable of facilitating enyzmatic cleavage of the (JPB).
• each optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl is, independently, selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted anthracyl, optionally substituted phenanthryl, optionally substituted furyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted benzofuryl, optionally substituted benzothiophenyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, and optionally substituted pyridinyl.
• Ri 8 is selected from one of the following structures (A), (B), (C), (D):
• each Q is independently CR29 or N;
• each Z is independently C(R 2 9) 2 , NR29, S, or O;
• each R29 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, -OH, -R 2 8, -
• OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR28, -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , -NR 28 COR 28 , - R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , -CONHR 28 , - CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 2 8, -NO 2 , -SO3H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -SH.
• R 18 is selected from the group consisting of:
• each R 3 ⁇ 4 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, OH, -R 28, -OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , NR 28 COR 28 , -R 2 8NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , CONHR 28 , -CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -SO3H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 2 8, wherein each R ; is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -SH.
• R 18 is selected from the group consisting of:
• Rig is: In another further embodiment, Rj 9 , R 2 o, 2i, an d 27 are each methyl.
• R 19 is H
• R 20 is methyl
• R 2I is methyl
• R 2 7 is methyl
• any embodiment of the compounds of structure (XV), as set forth above, and any specific substituent set forth herein for a R t7 , Ris, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, R 2 4, R25, R26, R27, R28, or R 29 group in the compounds of structure (XV), as set forth above, may be independently combined with other embodiments and/or substituents of compounds of structure (XV) to form embodiments of the present disclosure not specifically set forth above.
• -R NH- in structure (VI), the -R 15 -NH- in structure (XIV), or the -R17-NH- in structure (XV) is selected from:
• n is independently an integer from 0-10.
• -R r NH- in structure (VI), the -R15-NH- in structure (XIV), or the -R I7 -NH- in structure (XV) is selected from:
• -R r NH- in structure (VI), the -R 15 -NH- in structure ( ⁇ ), or the -Rn-NH- in structure (XV) is selected from:
• R 1 is selected from: amino-Ci-C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl , amino-heterocyclyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from aryl, aryl-C C6 alkyl, Q-C6 alkyl, Cj-Ce alkylthio, carboxyl, carboxamide, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-Ci-Ce alkyl, guanidino, halo, C C6 haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-Ci-C6 alkyl, hydroxyl, and thio; or
• R 1 is R'R ⁇ CHtR 0 )-
• R a is selected from: H and C C6 alkyl
• R b is C C 6 alkyl
• R c is R d -CH(CH 3 ) 2 -;
• R d is selected from: H, aryl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, and heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C r C 4 acylthio, C2-C4 alkenyl, Q-C4 alkyl, CpC 4 alkylamino, C)-C 4 alkyloxy, amino, amino-Ci-C 4 alkyl, halo, C]-C haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxy-CpC 4 alkyl, and thio, wherein C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C 1 -C4 alkylamino and C r C 4 alkyloxy are further optionally substituted with one substituent selected from CpC 4 alkylaryl, hydroxyl, and thio; or
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -Ce alkyl, aryl, aryl-Q-Q alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C r C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C]-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Ci-Ce alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C6 alkyl, Q-C6 alkylamino, amino, amino-C C6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, Ci-C 6 haloacyl, Cj-C 6 haloalkyl, Ci-C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-Ci-C 6 alkyl; and
• X is -C(0)NHCH(CH 2 R 3 )-, or X is absent;
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula XI, XIa, Xlb, XIc, Xld, Xle, Xlf, Xlg, XHi, Xli, Xlj, or Xlk, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• (P) is covalently attached to (L), if (L) is present, or (T), if (L) is not present.
• (P) is a compound of Formula XIa:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C C 6 alkoxy, C C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C C 6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkylamino, amino, amino-CrCe alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, C C 6 haloalkyl, C C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-C C 6 alkyl; and
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: H and Q-C6 alkyl.
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4- (aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, benzyl, 3-mercaptopropyl, 2-mercaptoethyl, 4- (mercaptomethyl)phenyl, >-tolyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4- methoxy-2-nitrophenyl, 4-aminocarbonyl-2-nitrophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, phenyl, 2- fluorobenzyl, piperidin-l-yl, o-tolyl, 4-bromophenyl, naphthalen-2-yl, 4- methoxycarbonyphenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl,
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: H and methyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xlb:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C]-C6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Q-Q alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-Ce alkyl, Q-Ce alkylamino, amino, amino-Ci-C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, Q-C 6 haloalkyl, C]-C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-CpC 6 alkyl;
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxyl; and R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: H and Ci-C 6 alkyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xlb:
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4- (aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, benzyl, 3-mercaptopropyl, 2-mercaptoethyl, 4- (mercaptomethyl)phenyl, ?-tolyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4- methoxy-2-nitrophenyl, 4-aminocarbonyl-2-nitrophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, phenyl, 2- fluorobenzyl, piperidin-l-yl, o-tolyl, 4-bromophenyl, naphthalen-2-yl, 4- methoxycarbonyphenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl
• R 3 is selected from: lH-indol-3-yl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 5- hydroxypyridin-2-yl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl; and
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: ⁇ and methyl.
• one embodiment of the invention (P) is a compound of Formula XIc
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C C alkoxy, C]-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, Q-C6 alkyl, C Q alkylamino, amino, amino-Ci-C6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C3-C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, C ⁇ -Ce haloalkyl, Q-C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-Ci-C 6 alkyl; and
• X is -C(0)NHCH(CH 2 R 3 )-, or X is absent;
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxyl;
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: H and C r C 6 alkyl.
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminoben2yl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4-
• X is -C(0)NHCH(CH 2 R 3 )-, or X is absent;
• R 3 is selected from: lH-indol-3-yl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 5- hydroxypyridin-2-yl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl; and
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: ⁇ and methyl.
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C]-C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-Ci-C6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C r C6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Q-Ce alkylamino, amino, amino-C]-C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, Ci-C 6 haloalkyl, C C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-C]-C6 alkyl; and
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: H and Q-C6 alkyl.
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)ben2yl, 4-
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: H and methyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xle:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C r C 6 alkoxy, C C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C r C 6 alkyl, C C 6 alkylamino, amino, amino-C C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, C C 6 haloalkyl, C C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-C]-C 6 alkyl; and
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxyl;
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: H and Ci-C 6 alkyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xle:
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4- (aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, benzyl, 3-mercaptopropyl, 2-mercaptoethyl, 4- (mercaptomethyl)phenyl, >-tolyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl, 4- r/-butylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4- methoxy-2-nitrophenyl, 4-aminocarbonyl-2-nitrophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, phenyl, 2- fluorobenzyl, piperidin-l -yl, o-tolyl, 4-bromophenyl, naphthalen-2-yl, 4- methoxycarbonyphenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzy
• R 3 is selected from: lH-indol-3-yl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 5- hydroxypyridin-2-yl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl; and
• R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from: ⁇ and methyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xlf:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C]-C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C ⁇ -C alkoxy, -Ce alkoxycarbonyl, C C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylamino, amino, amino-C r C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, C C 6 haloalkyl, C]-C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-C]-C6 alkyl;
• X is -C(0)NHCH(CH 2 R 3 )-, or X is absent;
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xlf:
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4 (aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl; and
• X is -C(0)NHCH(CH 2 R 3 )-, or X is absent;
• R 3 is selected from: lH-indol-3-yl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 5 hydroxypyridin-2-yl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xlg:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Q-Ce alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Q-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C6 alkyl, C C 6 alkylamino, amino, amino-Ci-C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, C r C 6 haloalkyl, Q-Ce haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-C C 6 alkyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xlg:
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, (aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xlh:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -Ce alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Q-Ce alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C]-C 6 alkoxy, Ci-Ce alkoxycarbonyl, C C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C6 alkylamino, amino, amino-C C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, Q-C6 haloalkyl, C -C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-Ci-Ce alkyl
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C3-C7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula XDi:
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, (aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl; and
• R 3 is selected from: lH-indol-3-yl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, hydroxypyridin-2-yl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xli:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C]-C 6 alkyl, C4-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C r C6 alkoxy, Q-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, C,-C 6 alkyl, C r C 6 alkylamino, amino, amino-Ci-C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, Q-C6 haloalkyl, Q-C6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-CrC 6 alkyl;
• X is -C(0)NHCH(CH 2 R 3 )-, or X is absent;
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C3-C7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Xli:
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4-
• X is -C(0)NHCH(CH 2 R 3 )-, or X is absent;
• R 3 is selected from: lH-indol-3-yl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 5- hydroxypyridin-2-yl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl.
• (P) is a compound of Formula Ij :
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C]-C 6 alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C C 6 alkoxy, C r C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C]-C 6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkylamino, amino, amino-Ci-Ce alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, C C 6 haloalkyl, C C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-C]-C 6 alkyl.
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4-
• (P) is a compound of Formula XBk:
• R 2 is selected from: C 2 -C alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-Ce alkyl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C C 6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: Cj-C6 alkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C C6 alkyl, C ⁇ -Ce alkylamino, amino, amino-C C6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C3-C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, cyano, C C6 haloalkyl, Q-C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxy 1, nitro, thio, and thio-Q-Q alkyl; and
• R 3 is selected from: aryl, heteroaryl, and C3-C7 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one substituent selected from amino and hydroxy].
• (P) is a compound of Formula XDt:
• R 2 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl, 4- (aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, benzyl, 3-mercaptopropyl, 2-mercaptoethyl, 4- (mercaptomethyl)phenyl, /?-tolyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl, 4-terf-butylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4- methoxy-2-nitrophenyl, 4-aminocarbonyl-2-nitrophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, phenyl, 2- fluorobenzyl, piperidin-l-yl, o-tolyl, 4-bromophenyl, naphthalen-2-yl, 4- methoxycarbonyphenyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzy
• R 3 is selected from: lH-indol-3-yl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 5- hydroxypyridin-2-yl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl.
• (-R 2 -) in any of Formulas XI and XIa-XIk is (-R"-NH-) wherein R" is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 27 - -CSR 27 - -OR 27 - and -NHR 27 - wherein each R 27 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• (-R"-NH-) is linked to -(L)-(T):
• AA is independently an amino acid, wherein x is an integer from 0 to 25, wherein (L') is optionally the remaining portion of linker (L), and (T) is the targeting moiety.
• (AA) 1 -(AA) X taken together comprises an amino acid sequence that facilitates cleavage of the JPB.
• the targeting moiety is an antibody. Accordingly, in one embodiment, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, are provided.
• ADCs antibody-drug conjugates
• the invention provides a method of making a composition of Formula II.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• a method of using a composition of Formula II in therapy is provided.
• the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition of Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent or excipient.
• the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting tumor growth in a mammal comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition of Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• the present disclosure provides a method of killing cancer cells in vitro using a composition of Formula II.
• the present disclosure provides a method of killing cancer cells in vivo in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition of Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• the present disclosure provides a method of increasing the survival time of a mammal having cancer, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a composition of Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• the present disclosure provides a use of a composition of Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a mammal.
• the present disclosure provides a use of a composition of Formula II, in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting tumor growth in a mammal.
• the present disclosure provides a use of a composition of Formula II, in the manufacture of a medicament for increasing survival of a mammal having cancer.
• the present disclosure provides a composition of Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II, for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy.
• the present disclosure provides a composition of Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II, for use in treating cancer in a mammal.
• the present disclosure provides a composition of Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II, for use in inhibiting tumor growth in a mammal.
• the present disclosure provides a composition of
• Formula II or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition of Formula II, for use in increasing survival of a mammal having cancer.
• cleavage of the JPB results in a compound of formula (IV) or a compound of formula (V):
• Amino refers to the -NH2 substituent.
• Cyano refers to the -CN substituent.
• Niro refers to the -N0 2 substituent.
• Alkyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain substituent consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which is saturated or unsaturated (i.e., contains one or more double and/or triple bonds), having from one to twenty-five carbon atoms (C ] -C25 alkyl), preferably one to eight carbon atoms (Q-Cg alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (Q-C6 alkyl), and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., methyl, ethyl, M-propyl, 1-methylethyl (w -propyl), «-butyl, «-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl ( -butyl), 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, ethenyl, prop-l-enyl, but-l-enyl, pent-l-enyl, penta-l,4-dienyl
• Alkylene or “alkylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a substituent group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, which is saturated or unsaturated (i.e., contains one or more double and/or triple bonds), and having from one to twenty-five carbon atoms, preferably one to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., methylene, ethylene, propylene, «-butylene, ethenylene, propenylene, «-butenylene, propynylene, M-butynylene, and the like.
• the alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single or double bond and to the substituent group through a single or double bond.
• the points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the substituent group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkylene chain may be optionally substituted.
• Alkoxy refers to a substituent of the formula -OR a where R a is an alkyl substituent as defined above containing one to twenty-five carbon atoms, preferably one to twelve carbon atoms. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group may be optionally substituted.
• Alkylamino refers to a substituent of the formula -NHR a or -NR a R a where each R a is, independently, an alkyl substituent as defined above containing one to twenty-five carbon atoms, preferably one to twelve carbon atoms. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkylamino group may be optionally substituted.
• Thioalkyl refers to a substituent of the formula -SR a where R a is an alkyl substituent as defined above containing one to twenty-five carbon atoms, preferably one to twelve carbon atoms. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a thioalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• Aryl refers to a hydrocarbon ring system substituent comprising hydrogen, 6 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring.
• the aryl substituent may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems.
• Aryl substituents include, but are not limited to, aryl substituents derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, os-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene.
• Aralkyl refers to a substituent of the formula -R - c where Rt, is an alkylene chain as defined above and R c is one or more aryl substituents as defined above, for example, benzyl, diphenylmethyl and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aralkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• Cycloalkyl or “carbocyclic ring” refers to a stable non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon substituent consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which may include fused or bridged ring systems, having from three to fifteen carbon atoms, preferably having from three to ten carbon atoms, and which is saturated or unsaturated and attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.
• Monocyclic substituents include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
• Polycyclic substituents include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, and the like. Unless otherwise stated specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• Cycloalkylalkyl refers to a substituent of the formula -3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 where 3 ⁇ 4 is an alkylene chain as defined above and R g is a cycloalkyl substituent as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkylalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• fused refers to any ring structure described herein which is fused to an existing ring structure in the compounds of the disclosure.
• the fused ring is a heterocyclyl ring or a heteroaryl ring
• any carbon atom on the existing ring structure which becomes part of the fused heterocyclyl ring or the fused heteroaryl ring may be replaced with a nitrogen atom.
• Halo or halogen refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo.
• Haloalkyl refers to an alkyl substituent, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo substituents, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1 ,2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1 ,2-dibromoethyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a haloalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• Heterocyclyl or “heterocyclic ring” refers to a stable 3- to 18-membered non-aromatic ring substituent which consists of two to twelve carbon atoms and from one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• the heterocyclyl substituent may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl substituent may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quatemized; and the heterocyclyl substituent may be partially or fully saturated.
• heterocyclyl substituents include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, thienyl[l ,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxoxo
• N-heterocyclyl refers to a heterocyclyl substituent as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heterocyclyl substituent to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heterocyclyl substituent. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a N-heterocyclyl group may be optionally substituted.
• Heterocyclylalkyl refers to a substituent of the formula -R b R e where R3 ⁇ 4 is an alkylene chain as defined above and R e is a heterocyclyl substituent as defined above, and if the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, the heterocyclyl may be attached to the alkyl substituent at the nitrogen atom. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclylalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• Heteroaryl refers to a 5- to 14-membered ring system substituent comprising hydrogen atoms, one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring.
• the heteroaryl substituent may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl substituent may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized.
• Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[Z>][l,4]dioxepinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl), benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[l,2-a]pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl
• N-heteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl substituent as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heteroaryl substituent to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heteroaryl substituent. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an N-heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted.
• Heteroarylalkyl refers to a substituent of the formula -R b R f where R 3 ⁇ 4 is an alkylene chain as defined above and R f is a heteroaryl substituent as defined above. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroarylalkyl group may be optionally substituted.
• substituted means any of the above groups (i.e., alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, alkylamino, thioalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, N-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, N-heteroaryl and/or heteroarylalkyl) wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a bond to a non-hydrogen atoms such as, but not limited to: a halogen atom such as F, CI, Br, and I; an oxygen atom in groups such as hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, and ester groups; a sulfur atom in groups such as thiol groups, thioalkyl groups, sulfone groups, sulfonyl groups, and sulfoxide groups; a nitrogen atom in groups such
• Substituted also means any of the above groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a higher-order bond (e.g., a double- or triple-bond) to a heteroatom such as oxygen in oxo, carbonyl, carboxyl, and ester groups; and nitrogen in groups such as imines, oximes, hydrazones, and nitriles.
• a higher-order bond e.g., a double- or triple-bond
• nitrogen in groups such as imines, oximes, hydrazones, and nitriles.
• R g and 3 ⁇ 4 are the same or different and independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, thioalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, N-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, N- heteroaryl and/or heteroarylalkyl.
• Substituted further means any of the above groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a bond to an amino, cyano, hydroxyl, imino, nitro, oxo, thioxo, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, thioalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, N-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, N- heteroaryl and/or heteroarylalkyl group.
• each of the foregoing substituents may also be optionally substituted with one or more of the above substituents.
• protecting group refers to a labile chemical moiety which is known in the art to protect reactive groups including without limitation, hydroxyl and amino groups, against undesired reactions during synthetic procedures. Hydroxyl and amino groups which protected with a protecting group are referred to herein as “protected hydroxyl groups” and “protected amino groups”, respectively. Protecting groups are typically used selectively and/or orthogonally to protect sites during reactions at other reactive sites and can then be removed to leave the unprotected group as is or available for further reactions. Protecting groups as known in the art are described generally in Greene and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999).
• Groups can be selectively incorporated into compounds of the present disclosure as precursors.
• an amino group can be placed into a compound of the disclosure as an azido group that can be chemically converted to the amino group at a desired point in the synthesis.
• groups are protected or present as a precursor that will be inert to reactions that modify other areas of the parent molecule for conversion into their final groups at an appropriate time. Further representative protecting or precursor groups are discussed in Agrawal, et al., Protocols for Oligonucleotide Conjugates, Eds, Humana Press; New Jersey, 1994; Vol. 26 pp. 1-72.
• hydroxyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, t-butyl, t- butoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1 -ethoxyethyl, l-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl, 2- trimethylsilylethyl, p-chlorophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, benzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, diphenyl- methyl, p-nitrobenzyl, triphenylmethyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyl- diphenylsilyl (TBDPS), triphenylsilyl, benzoylformate, acetate, chloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, pivaloate, benzoate, p-phenylbenzoate, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbon
• amino protecting groups include, but are not limited to, carbamate- protecting groups, such as 2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl (Teoc), 1 -methyl- l-(4-bipheny lyl)- ethoxycarbonyl (Bpoc), t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc), 9- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), and benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz); amide protecting groups, such as formyl, acetyl, trihaloacetyl, benzoyl, and nitrophenylacetyl; sulfonamide-protecting groups, such as 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl; and imine and cyclic imide protecting groups, such as phthalimido and dithiasuccinoyl.
• carbamate- protecting groups such as 2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl (Teoc), 1 -methyl- l-
• Prodrug is meant to indicate a compound that may be converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to a biologically active compound of the disclosure.
• prodrug refers to a metabolic precursor of a compound of the disclosure that is pharmaceutically acceptable.
• a prodrug may be inactive when administered to a subject in need thereof, but is converted in vivo to an active compound of the disclosure.
• Prodrugs are typically rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent compound of the disclosure, for example, by hydrolysis in blood.
• the prodrug compound often offers advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility or delayed release in a mammalian organism (see, Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs (1985), pp. 7-9, 21-24 (Elsevier, Amsterdam)).
• prodrugs are provided in Higuchi, T., et al., A.C.S. Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, Ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.
• Prodrugs of a compound of the disclosure may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound of the disclosure in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound of the disclosure.
• Prodrugs include compounds of the disclosure wherein a hydroxy, amino or mercapto group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the compound of the disclosure is administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxy, free amino or free mercapto group, respectively.
• Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of alcohol or amide derivatives of amine functional groups in the compounds of the disclosure and the like.
• DAR drug-antibody ratio
• P drug-antibody ratio
• L linker
• T targeting moiety
• the present disclosure also meant to encompass all pharmaceutically acceptable compounds of structure (I) being isotopically-labelled by having one or more atoms replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number.
• isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as 2 H, 3 H, H C, 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 0, 17 0, 18 0, 1 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, 36 C1, 123 I, and 125 I, respectively.
• radiolabelled compounds could be useful to help determine or measure the effectiveness of the compounds, by characterizing, for example, the site or mode of action, or binding affinity to pharmacologically important site of action.
• Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of structure (I) for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies.
• the radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3 H, and carbon- 14, i.e. 14 C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.
• substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2 H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.
• Isotopically-labeled compounds of structure (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Preparations and Examples as set out below using an appropriate isotopically- labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
• the present disclosure is also meant to encompass the in vivo metabolic products of the disclosed compounds. Such products may result from, for example, the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, and the like of the administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, the present disclosure includes compounds produced by a process comprising administering a compound of this disclosure to a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof. Such products are typically identified by administering a radiolabelled compound of the disclosure in a detectable dose to an animal, such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to human, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur, and isolating its conversion products from the urine, blood or other biological samples. "Stable compound” and “stable structure” are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
• “Mammal” includes humans and both domestic animals such as laboratory animals and household pets (e.g., cats, dogs, swine, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits), and non-domestic animals such as wildlife and the like.
• Optional or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
• optionally substituted aryl means that the aryl substituent may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted aryl substituents and aryl substituents having no substitution.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient” includes without limitation any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye/colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes both acid and base addition salts.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and which are formed with inorganic acids such as, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4- acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid, camphor- 10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane- 1,2-disulfonic
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free acids, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. These salts are prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base to the free acid. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Preferred inorganic salts are the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts.
• Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as ammonia, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like.
• Particularly preferred organic bases are isoprop
• solvate refers to an aggregate that comprises one or more molecules of a compound of the disclosure with one or more molecules of solvent.
• the solvent may be water, in which case the solvate may be a hydrate.
• the solvent may be an organic solvent.
• the compounds of the present disclosure may exist as a hydrate, including a monohydrate, dihydrate, hemihydrate, sesquihydrate, trihydrate, tetrahydrate and the like, as well as the corresponding solvated forms.
• the compound of the disclosure may be true solvates, while in other cases, the compound of the disclosure may merely retain adventitious water or be a mixture of water plus some adventitious solvent.
• a “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a formulation of a compound of the disclosure and a medium generally accepted in the art for the delivery of the biologically active compound to mammals, e.g., humans.
• a medium includes all pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefor.
• disorders to be treated herein include benign and malignant tumors; leukemia and lymphoid malignancies, in particular breast, ovarian, stomach, endometrial, salivary gland, lung, kidney, colon, thyroid, pancreatic, prostate or bladder cancer; neuronal, glial, astrocytal, hypothalamic and other glandular, macrophagal, epithelial, stromal and blastocoelic disorders.
• Effective amount refers to that amount of a compound of the disclosure which, when administered to a mammal, preferably a human, is sufficient to effect treatment, as defined below, of cancer or tumor cells in the mammal, preferably a human.
• the amount of a compound of the disclosure which constitutes a “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the condition and its severity, the manner of administration, and the age of the mammal to be treated, but can be determined routinely by one of ordinary skill in the art having regard to his own knowledge and to this disclosure.
• Treating covers the treatment of the disease or condition of interest in a mammal, preferably a human, having the disease or condition of interest, and includes:
• the therapeutically effective amount of the drug may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer.
• the drug may prevent growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.
• Compounds of the present invention are preferably cytotoxic.
• efficacy can, for example, be measured by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or determining the response rate (RR).
• an "effective amount” of drug when referred to in respect of the killing of cancer cells refers to an amount of drug sufficient to produce the killing effect.
• Solid tumors contemplated for treatment using the presently disclosed compounds include but are not limited to: sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer (e.g., gastrointestinal cancer), oral cancer, nasal cancer, throat cancer, squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., of the lung), basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma (e.g., of the lung), sweat gland carcinoma, se
• Blood-borne cancers contemplated for treatment using the presently disclosed compounds include but are not limited to: acute lymphoblastic leukemia "ALL”, acute lymphoblastic B-cell leukemia, acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia, acute myeloblasts leukemia "AML”, acute promyelocytic leukemia "APL”, acute monoblastic leukemia, acute erythroleukemic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute nonlymphocyctic leukemia, acute undifferentiated leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia "CML”, chronic lymphocytic leukemia "CLL”, hairy cell leukemia, and multiple myeloma.
• ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• ALL acute lymphoblastic B-cell leukemia
• acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia acute myeloblasts leukemia
• AML acute promyelocytic leukemia
• Acute and chronic leukemias contemplated for treatment using the presently disclosed compounds include but are not limited to: lymphoblastic, myelogenous, lymphocytic, and myelocytic leukemias.
• Lymphomas contemplated for treatment using the presently disclosed compounds include but are not limited to: Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, heavy chain disease, and polycythemia vera.
• cancers contemplated for treatment using the presently disclosed compounds include but are not limited to: peritoneal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, hepatoma, salivary cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid, penile cancer, anal cancer, head and neck cancer, renal cell carcinoma, acute anaplastic large cell carcinoma, and cutaneous anaplastic large cell carcinoma.
• Cancers including, but not limited to, a tumor, metastasis, or other disease or disorder characterized by uncontrolled or undesired cell growth, can be treated or prevented by administration of the presently disclosed compounds.
• methods for treating or preventing cancer including administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound disclosed herein in combination with a an additional method of treatment.
• the additional method of treatment includes treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent.
• the chemotherapeutic agent is that with which treatment of the cancer has not been found to be refractory.
• the chemotherapeutic agent is that with which the treatment of cancer has been found to be refractory.
• the compound of the invention may be administered before, after, or at the same time as the chemotherapeutic agent.
• the additional method of treatment is radiation therapy.
• the compound of the invention may be administered before, after, or at the same time as the radiation.
• Compounds of the invention may also be administered to a patient that has undergone or will undergo surgery as treatment for the cancer.
• the compound of the invention is administered concurrently with the chemotherapeutic agent or with radiation therapy.
• the chemotherapeutic agent or radiation therapy is administered prior or subsequent to administration of compound of the invention, in one aspect at least an hour, five hours, 12 hours, a day, a week, a month, in further aspects several months (e.g., up to three months), prior or subsequent to administration of a compound of the invention.
• a chemotherapeutic agent can be administered over a series of sessions. Any one or a combination of the chemotherapeutic agents listed herein or otherwise known in the art can be administered.
• any radiation therapy protocol can be used depending upon the type of cancer to be treated.
• x- ray radiation can be administered; in particular, high-energy megavoltage (radiation of greater that 1 MeV energy) can be used for deep tumors, and electron beam and orthovoltage x-ray radiation can be used for skin cancers.
• Gamma-ray emitting radioisotopes such as radioactive isotopes of radium, cobalt and other elements, can also be administered.
• methods of treatment of cancer with a compound of the invention are provided as an alternative to chemotherapy or radiation therapy where the chemotherapy or the radiation therapy has proven or can prove too toxic, e.g., results in unacceptable or unbearable side effects, for the subject being treated. Additionally, methods of treatment of cancer with a compound of the invention are provided as an alternative to surgery where the surgery has proven or can prove unacceptable or unbearable for the subject being treated.
• the compound of the invention can also be used in an in vitro or ex vivo fashion, such as for the treatment of certain cancers, including, but not limited to leukemias and lymphomas, such treatment involving autologous stem cell transplants.
• This can involve a multi-step process in which the animal's autologous hematopoietic stem cells are harvested and purged of all cancer cells, the animal's remaining bone-marrow cell population is then eradicated via the administration of a an effective dose of a compound of the invention with or without accompanying high dose radiation therapy, and the stem cell graft is infused back into the animal.
• the effective dose is a high dose. Supportive care is then provided while bone marrow function is restored and the animal recovers.
• Methods for treating cancer further include administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the invention and another therapeutic agent that is an anti-cancer agent.
• Suitable anticancer agents include, but are not limited to, methotrexate, taxol, L-asparaginase, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, hydroxyurea, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, nitrosoureas, cisplatin, carboplatin, mitomycin, dacarbazine, procarbazine, topotecan, nitrogen mustards, Cytoxan, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, BCNU, irinotecan, camptothecins, bleomycin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, actinomycin D, dactinomycin, plicamycin, mitoxantrone, asparaginase, vin
• chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and CYTOXAN® cyclosphosphamide; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, treosulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide, triethiylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylolomelamine; TLK 286 (TELCYTATM); acetogenins (especially bullatacin and bullatacinone); delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol, MARINOL®); beta-lapachone; lapachol; colchicines; betulinic acid; a camptothecin (including the synthetic analogue topotecan
• anthracyclines such as annamycin, AD 32, alcarubicin, daunorubicin, dexrazoxane, DX-52-1, epirubicin, GPX-100, idarubicin, KRN5500, menogaril, dynemicin, including dynemicin A, an esperamicin, neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antibiotic chromophores, aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins (e.g., A2 and B2), cactinomycin, carabicin, caminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, ADRIAM
• Anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example, tamoxifen (including NOLVADEX® tamoxifen), raloxifene, megastrol, droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, and FARESTON® toremifene; aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example, 4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, MEGASE® megestrol acetate, AROMASIN® exemestane, formestanie, fadrozole, RTVISOR® vorozole, FEMARA® letrozole, and AREVIIDEX® anastrozole; and anti-androgens such as fiutamide, b
• the compounds of the disclosure, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)- or, as (D)- or (L)- for amino acids.
• the present disclosure is meant to include all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms.
• Optically active (+) and (-), (R)- and (S)-, or (D)- and (L)- isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallization.
• stereoisomer refers to a compound made up of the same atoms bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which are not interchangeable.
• the present disclosure contemplates various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof and includes “enantiomers”, which refers to two stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposeable mirror images of one another.
• a “tautomer” refers to a proton shift from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule.
• the present disclosure includes tautomers of any said compounds.
• the Targeting moiety (T) of the subject compositions includes within its scope any unit of a (T) that binds or reactively associates or complexes with a receptor, antigen or other receptive moiety associated with a given target-cell population.
• a targeting moiety (T) is a molecule that binds to, complexes with, or reacts with a moiety of a cell population sought to be targeted.
• targeting moieties include compounds capable of binding to naturally occurring molecules present on the surface of cells of interest, as well as fragments thereof and peptides derived therefrom. Such targeting moieties may or may not have biological activity alone (e.g., cytokines, which have biological activity).
• targeting moieties include antibodies, ligands for cell surface receptors, ligands derived from non-human cells including bacterial and pathogen derived ligands.
• a wide range of appropriate targeting moieties is known in the art. For example, see WO20131 17705.
• the targeting moiety (T) acts to deliver the payload compound (P), which may be a drug (D), to the particular target cell population with which the targeting moiety (T) reacts.
• targeting moieties include, but are not limited to, large molecular weight proteins such as, for example, full-length antibodies, antibody fragments, smaller molecular weight proteins, polypeptide or peptides, lectins, glycoproteins, cytokines, non- peptides, vitamins, nutrient-transport molecules (such as, but not limited to, transferrin), or any other cell binding molecule or substance, fragment thereof or peptide derived therefrom or peptide based upon the same.
• a targeting moiety (T) can form a bond to a linker (L) via a heteroatom of the targeting moiety (T).
• Heteroatoms that may be present on a targeting moiety (T) include sulfur (in one embodiment, from a sulfhydryl group of (T)), oxygen (in one embodiment, from a hydroxyl group of (T)) and nitrogen (in one embodiment, from a primary or secondary amino group of (T)). These heteroatoms can be present on the targeting moiety (T) in its natural state, for example a naturally-occurring antibody, or can be introduced into the targeting moiety (T), e.g., via chemical modification or recombinant means.
• targeting moiety (T) has a sulfhydryl group bonded to linker (L) via the sulfhydryl group's sulfur atom.
• targeting moiety (T) has one or more lysine residues that can be chemically modified to introduce one or more sulfhydryl groups.
• the targeting moiety (T) bonds to linker (L) via the sulfhydryl group.
• Reagents that can be used to modify lysines include, but are not limited to, N-succinimidyl S- acetylthioacetate (SATA) and 2-Iminothiolane hydrochloride (Traut's Reagent).
• SATA N-succinimidyl S- acetylthioacetate
• 2-Iminothiolane hydrochloride Traut's Reagent.
• a plurality of (L) are added to a (T).
• the (L) can have one or more carbohydrate groups that can be chemically modified to have one or more sulfhydryl groups.
• the targeting moiety (T) bonds to the linker (L) via the sulfhydryl group's sulfur atom.
• (T) can have one or more carbohydrate groups that can be oxidized to provide an aldehyde (-- CHO) group (see, e.g., Laguzza et al., 1989, J. Med. Chem. 32(3):548-55).
• the corresponding aldehyde can form a bond with a reactive site on a portion of a linker (L).
• Reactive sites that can react with a carbonyl group on a targeting moiety include, but are not limited to, hydrazine and hydroxylamine.
• Other protocols for the modification of proteins for the attachment or association of linker (L) are described in Coligan et al., Current Protocols in Protein Science, vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons (2002), incorporated herein by reference.
• the targeting moiety (T) can include, for example a protein, polypeptide, or peptide include, but are not limited to, transferrin, epidermal growth factors ("EGF"), bombesin, gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide, platelet-derived growth factor, IL-2, IL-6, transforming growth factor ("TGF”), such as TGF-a or TGF- ⁇ , vaccinia growth factor (“VGF”), insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II, lectins and apoprotein from low density lipoprotein.
• EGF epidermal growth factors
• TGF transforming growth factor
• VGF vaccinia growth factor
• I and II lectins and apoprotein from low density lipoprotein.
• the targeting moiety (T) can also include an antibody, such as polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies.
• the antibody can be directed to a particular antigenic determinant, including for example, a cancer cell antigen, a viral antigen, a microbial antigen, a protein, a peptide, a carbohydrate, a chemical, nucleic acid, or fragments thereof.
• Methods of producing polyclonal antibodies are known in the art.
• a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to an antigen-of-interest can be prepared by using any technique known in the art.
• Selected Lymphocyte Antibody Method (SLAM) (Babcook, J.S., et al., A novel strategy for generating monoclonal antibodies from single, isolated lymphocytes producing antibodies of defined specificities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1996.
• Such antibodies may be of any immunoglobulin class including IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, and IgD and any subclass thereof.
• the hybridoma producing the mAbs of use in this invention may be cultivated in vitro or in vivo.
• the monoclonal antibody can be, for example, a human monoclonal antibody, a humanized monoclonal antibody, an antibody fragment, or a chimeric antibody (e.g., a human- mouse antibody).
• Human monoclonal antibodies may be made by any of numerous techniques known in the art (e.g., Teng et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:7308-7312; Kozbor et al., 1983, Immunology Today 4:72-79; and Olsson et al., 1982, Meth. Enzymol. 92:3-16; also see, Huse et al., 1989, Science 246: 1275-1281 and McLean et al. J Immunol. 2005 Apr 15; 174(8):4768-78).
• the antibody can also be a bispecific antibody.
• Methods for making bispecific antibodies are known in the art. Traditional production of full-length bispecific antibodies is based on the coexpression of two immunoglobulin heavy chain-light chain pairs, where the two chains have different specificities (see, e.g., Milstein et al., 1983, Nature 305:537-539; International Publication No. WO 93/08829, Traunecker et al, 1991, EMBO J. 10:3655-3659).
• antibody variable domains with the desired binding specificities are fused to immunoglobulin constant domain sequences.
• the fusion preferably is with an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant domain, comprising at least part of the hinge, C m , and C H 3 regions. It is preferred to have the first heavy-chain constant region (C H i) containing the site necessary for light chain binding, present in at least one of the fusions.
• Nucleic acids with sequences encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain fusions and, if desired, the immunoglobulin light chain are inserted into separate expression vectors, and are co-transfected into a suitable host organism.
• the bispecific antibodies can have a hybrid immunoglobulin heavy chain with a first binding specificity in one arm, and a hybrid immunoglobulin heavy chain-light chain pair (providing a second binding specificity) in the other arm.
• This asymmetric structure facilitates the separation of the desired bispecific compound from unwanted immunoglobulin chain combinations, as the presence of an immunoglobulin light chain in only one half of the bispecific molecule provides for a facile way of separation (International Publication No. WO 94/04690) which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• bispecific antibodies For further details for generating bispecific antibodies see, for example, Suresh et al., 1986, Methods in Enzymology 121 :210; Rodrigues et al., 1993, J. Immunology 151 :6954-6961; Carter et al., 1992, Bio/Technology 10: 163-167; Carter et al., 1995, J. Hematotherapy 4:463-470; Merchant et al., 1998, Nature Biotechnology 16:677-681. Using such techniques, bispecific antibodies can be prepared for use in the treatment or prevention of disease as defined herein. Bifunctional antibodies are also described in European Patent Publication No. EPA 0 105 360.
• hybrid or bifunctional antibodies can be derived either biologically, i.e., by cell fusion techniques, or chemically, especially with cross-linking agents or disulfide-bridge forming reagents, and may comprise whole antibodies or fragments thereof.
• Methods for obtaining such hybrid antibodies are disclosed for example, in International Publication WO 83/03679, and European Patent Publication No. EPA 0 217 577, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the antibody also can be a functionally active fragment, derivative or analog of an antibody that immunospecifically binds to a target antigen (e.g., a cancer antigen, a viral antigen, a microbial antigen, or other antibodies bound to cells or matrix).
• a target antigen e.g., a cancer antigen, a viral antigen, a microbial antigen, or other antibodies bound to cells or matrix.
• “functionally active” means that the fragment, derivative or analog is able to recognize the same antigen that is recognized by the antibody from which the fragment, derivative or analog is derived.
• the antigenicity of the idiotype of the immunoglobulin molecule can be enhanced by deletion of framework and CDR sequences that are C-terminal to the CDR sequence that specifically recognizes the antigen.
• synthetic peptides containing the CDR sequences can be used in binding assays with the antigen by any binding assay method known in the art (e.g., the BIA core assay) (see, e.g., Kabat et al., 1991 , Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md.; Kabat et al., 1980, J. Immunology 125(3 ):961-969).
• antibodies include fragments of antibodies such as, but not limited to, F(ab') 2 fragments, Fab fragments, Fab', Fv fragments and heavy chain and light chain dimers of antibodies, or any minimal fragment thereof such as Fvs or single chain antibodies (SCAs) (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778; Bird, 1988, Science 242:423-42; Huston et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883; and Ward et al., 1989, Nature 334:544-54).
• SCAs single chain antibodies
• Recombinant antibodies such as chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies, comprising both human and non-human portions, which can be made using standard recombinant DNA techniques, also can be used.
• Humanized antibodies are antibody molecules from non-human species having one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs) from the non-human species and a framework region from a human immunoglobulin molecule.
• CDRs complementarity determining regions
• Chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques known in the art, for example using methods described in International Publication No. WO 87/02671 ; European Patent Publication No. 0 184 187; European Patent Publication No. 0 171 496; European Patent Publication No. 0 173 494; International Publication No. WO 86/01533; U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; European Patent Publication No. 012 023; Berter et al., 1988, Science 240: 1041-1043; Liu et al., 1987, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
• Human antibodies can be prepared, for example, using transgenic mice that are incapable of expressing endogenous immunoglobulin heavy and light chains genes, but which can express human heavy and light chain genes.
• the transgenic mice are immunized in the normal fashion with a selected antigen, e.g., all or a portion of a polypeptide of the invention.
• Monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen can be obtained using conventional hybridoma technology.
• the human immunoglobulin transgenes harbored by the transgenic mice rearrange during B cell differentiation, and subsequently undergo class switching and somatic mutation. Thus, using such a technique, it is possible to produce therapeutically useful IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE antibodies.
• Human antibodies that recognize a selected epitope also can be generated using a technique referred to as "guided selection.”
• a selected non-human monoclonal antibody e.g., a mouse antibody
• Human antibodies can also be produced using various techniques known in the art, including phage display libraries (see, e.g., Hoogenboom and Winter, 1991, J. Mol. Biol. 227:381 ; Marks et al., 1991, J. Mol. Biol.
• the antibody is a fusion protein of an antibody, or a functionally active fragment thereof.
• an antibody can be fused via a covalent bond (e.g., a peptide bond) at either the N-terminus or the C-terminus to an amino acid sequence of another protein (or portion thereof, such as at least a 10, 20 or 50 amino acid portion of the protein) that is not the antibody.
• Antibodies also include analogs and derivatives that are either modified, i.e., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule as long as such covalent attachment permits the antibody to retain its antigen binding immunospecificity.
• the derivatives and analogs of the antibodies include those that have been further modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular antibody unit or other protein, etc.
• analog or derivative can contain one or more unnatural amino acids.
• the antibodies can have modifications (e.g., substitutions, deletions or additions) in amino acid residues that interact with Fc receptors.
• antibodies include antibodies having modifications in amino acid residues identified as involved in the interaction between the anti-Fc domain and the FcRn receptor (see, e.g., International Publication No. WO 97/34631, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
• Antibodies immunospecific for a target antigen can be obtained commercially or other source or produced by any method known to one of skill in the art such as, e.g., chemical synthesis or recombinant expression techniques.
• the nucleotide sequence encoding antibodies immunospecific for a cancer cell antigen can be obtained, e.g., from the GenBank database or a database like it, the literature publications, or by routine cloning and sequencing.
• antibodies available for the treatment of cancer include, but are not limited to, humanized anti HER2 monoclonal antibody, HERCEPTIN® (trastuzumab; Genentech); RITUXAN® (rituximab; Genentech) which is a chimeric anti CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; OvaRex (AltaRex Corporation, MA) which is a murine antibody for the treatment of ovarian cancer; Panorex (Glaxo Wellcome, NC) which is a murine IgG2a antibody for the treatment of colorectal cancer; Cetuximab Erbitux (Imclone Systems Inc., NY) which is an anti-EGFR IgG chimeric antibody for the treatment of epidermal growth factor positive cancers, such as head and neck cancer; Vitaxin (Medlmmune, Inc., MD) which is a humanized antibody for the treatment of sarcoma; Campath I/H
• antibodies useful in the treatment of cancer include, but are not limited to, antibodies against the following antigens (exemplary cancers are indicated in parentheses): CA125 (ovarian), CA15-3 (carcinomas), CA19-9 (carcinomas), L6 (carcinomas), Lewis Y (carcinomas), Lewis X (carcinomas), alpha fetoprotein (carcinomas), CA 242 (colorectal), placental alkaline phosphatase (carcinomas), prostate specific membrane antigen (prostate), prostatic acid phosphatase (prostate), epidermal growth factor (carcinomas), MAGE-1 (carcinomas), MAGE-2 (carcinomas), MAGE-3 (carcinomas), MAGE-4 (carcinomas), anti transferrin receptor (carcinomas), p97 (melanoma), MUCl-KLH (breast cancer), CEA (colorectal), gplOO (melanoma), MARTI (melanoma), prostate specific antigen (PSA) (prostate), IL-2 receptor
• Some specific, useful antibodies include, but are not limited to, BR96 mAb (Trail et al., 1993, Science 261 :212-215), BR64 (Trail et al., 1997, Cancer Research 57: 100-105), mAbs against the CD40 antigen, such as S2C6 mAb (Francisco et al., 2000, Cancer Res.
• the antibody also can be an antibody that binds to an antigen that is present on a target cell or target cell population.
• transmembrane polypeptides and other markers can be specifically expressed on the surface of one or more particular type(s) of target cells (e.g., a cancer cell) as compared to on one or more normal (e.g., a non-cancerous cell(s)).
• target cells e.g., a cancer cell
• normal e.g., a non-cancerous cell(s)
• the antibodies include, but are not limited to, antibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAA).
• TAA tumor-associated antigens
• Such tumor-associated antigens are known in the art, and can prepared for use in generating antibodies using methods and information which are well known in the art.
• the subject compositions further include a linker moiety (L).
• the linker moiety (L) is characterized from the perspective of an assembled conjugate of the invention. Accordingly, the linker (L) as characterized herein does not necessarily but may correspond to a particular reactant used in the synthesis of a conjugate. The components of the linker (L) may be contributed by a number of reactants.
• the linker moiety (L) is a bifunctional compound which can be used to link payload (P) and targeting moiety (T) to form a conjugate compound, (T)- (L)-(P).
• conjugates allow the selective delivery of drugs to target cells (e.g., tumor cells).
• linker moieties include a divalent substituent such as an alkyldiyl, an aryldiyl, a heteroaryldiyl, moieties such as: -(CR 2 ) n O(CR2) n -, repeating units of alkyloxy (e.g., polyethylenoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy) and alkylamino (e.g., polyethyleneamino, JeffamineTM); and diacid ester and amides including succinate, succinamide, diglycolate, malonate, and caproamide.
• the compounds described herein can be prepared using a linker moiety having a reactive site for binding to the payload and the targeting moiety.
• (L) has a reactive site which has an electrophilic group that is reactive to a nucleophilic group present on (T).
• Useful nucleophilic groups on (T) include but are not limited to sulfhydryl, hydroxyl and amino groups.
• the heteroatom of the nucleophilic group of (T) is reactive to an electrophilic group on (L) and forms a covalent bond to (L).
• Useful electrophilic groups include, but are not limited to maleimide and haloacetamide groups.
• the nucleophilic group on (T) provide a convenient site for attachment to (L).
• (L) has a reactive site which has a nucleophilic group that is reactive to an electrophilic group present on the targeting moiety.
• Useful electrophilic groups on the targeting moiety include, but are not limited to, aldehyde and ketone carbonyl groups.
• the heteroatom of a nucleophilic group of (L) can react with an electrophilic group on the targeting moiety and form a covalent bond to the targeting moiety.
• Useful nucleophilic groups on (L) include, but are not limited to, hydrazide, oxime, amino, hydrazine, thiosemicarbazone, hydrazine carboxylate, and arylhydrazide.
• the electrophilic group on the targeting moiety provides a convenient site for attachment to (L).
• Carboxylic acid functional groups and chloroformate functional groups are also useful reactive sites for (L) because they can react, for example, with an amino group of P 1 to form an amide linkage.
• a reactive site is a carbonate functional group on (L), such as but not limited to >-nitrophenyl carbonate, which can react, for example, with an amino group of P 1 to form a carbamate linkage.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2012/1 13847.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 8,288,352.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,028,697.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,006,652.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,094,849.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,053,394. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,122,368. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,387,578. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,547,667. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,622,929. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed n U.S. 5,708,146. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed n U.S. 6,468,522.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed n U.S. 6,103,236. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed n U.S. 6,638,509. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed i n U.S. 6,214,345. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed i n U.S. 6,759,509. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2007/103288. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2008/083312. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2003/068144.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2004/016801. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2009/134976. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2009/134952. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2009/134977. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2002/08180. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2004/043493. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2007/018431. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2003/026577.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2005/077090. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2005/082023. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2007/01 1968. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2007/038658. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2007/059404. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2006/1 10476. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2005/112919. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in WO 2008/103693.
• (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 6,756,037. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 7,087,229. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 7, 122, 189. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 7,332,164. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,556,623. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,643,573. In another embodiment, (L) comprises a linker moiety disclosed in U.S. 5,665,358.
• Linkers (L) comprising a self-immolative component may also be used.
• a self-immolative component is p-aminobenzylcarbamoyl (PABC).
• PABC p-aminobenzylcarbamoyl
• cleavable linker sulfosuccinimidyl 6-[3 ' (2-pyridyldithio)-propionamido] hexanoate
• sulfo-LC- SPDP Thermo Pierce Cat# 21650
• Non-cleavable linker succinimidyl 4-[N- maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-l-carboxylate SCC: Thermo Pierce Cat# 22360
• WO2012171020, WO2010138719 the range of commercially available linkers, for example, from Concortis http://www.concortis.com/home.
• (L) comprises: SPDP, SMCC, vcPABC, MCvcPABC, MTvc, ADvc, maleimide, NHS, biotin, streptavidin, NeutrAvidin, a glycoside, or a combination thereof.
• (L) comprises SPDP. In some embodiments, (L) comprises SMCC.
• (L) comprises vcPABC.
• (L) comprises MCvcPABC.
• (L) comprises MTvc.
• (L) comprises ADvc.
• (L) comprises maleimide
• (L) comprises NHS.
• (L) comprises biotin
• (L) comprises streptavidin.
• (L) comprises NeutrAvidin.
• [L) comprises a glycoside
• L) is absent.
• the linker (L) is a bifunctional unit that links payload (P) to targeting moiety (T) to form a conjugate composition, [(P)-(L)] m -(T), that may be cleaved enzymatically at the junction peptide bond (JPB) between (P) and (L) to release (P).
• conjugates allow the selective delivery of payload (P) to target cells (e.g., tumor cells).
• the linker (L) is a bifunctional unit that links payload (P) to targeting moiety (T) to form a conjugate composition, [(P)-(L)] m -(T), that may be cleaved enzymatically between (P) and (L) to release (P).
• linkers (L) are capable of binding to multiple payloads (P) and a targeting moiety (T).
• the linker (L) is a multifunctional unit that links more than one payload (P) to a single targeting moiety (T) to form a conjugate [(P)-(L)] m - (T).
• payloads (P) may be multimerized and bound to a linker (L).
• [(P)-(L)] comprises a greater number of (P) than (L).
• the invention provides compositions having the structure of Formula (la):
• o is an integer from 1 to 1000. In one embodiment, o is an integer from 1 to 100. In another embodiment, o is an integer from 1 to 50. In another embodiment, o is an integer from 1 to 20. In another embodiment, o is an integer from 1 to 10.
• the linker (L) and the targeting moiety (T) taken together have the following structure (III): j— (AA) 1 — (AA) X -(L " ) ⁇ (T)
• JPB junction peptide bond
• the amino acid unit (AA)'-(AA) X comprises a recognition sequence that provides for cleavage of the junction peptide bond (JPB) to release payload (P) from the targeting moiety (T).
• JPB junction peptide bond
• P payload
• T targeting moiety
• Any sequence capable of providing for such enzymatic cleavage may be used.
• sequences include, but are not limited to, applicable sequences described in US 6,214,345.
• amino acid sequences known in the art to direct cleavage of a peptide bond linking a PABC self-immolative unit directly to the amino acid sequence may be used in the present invention. Additional amino acid sequences useful in the present invention can be readily determined experimentally by the artisan of reasonable skill.
• an amino acid unit, (AA)'-(AA) X allows for cleavage of the (JPB) by a protease, thereby facilitating release of payload (P) from the conjugate upon exposure to such proteases.
• these include intracellular proteases, such as lysosomal enzymes.
• these include extracellular proteases.
• Exemplary amino acid units (AA)'-(AA) X include, but are not limited to, a dipeptide, a tripeptide, a tetrapeptide, and/or a pentapeptide.
• Exemplary dipeptides include: Val- Cit, Ala-Phe, Phe-Lys, Val-Ala, Val-Lys(Ac), Phe-Lys(Ac), or Me-Val-Cit. It is noted that while the naming convention for peptides and proteins is to list amino acid sequence from N- terminus to C-terminus, the configuration of the JPB is such that (AA) 1 is the C-terminus amino acid in the (AA)'-(AA) X amino acid sequence.
• (AA) 1 in formula (III) would be citrulline and the carbonyl group of citrulline would form JPB with the - NH- group bonded to (R) in structure (II).
• additional amino acids are linked to valine-citrulline through the N-terminus of valine and, accordingly, "x" for (AA) X is an integer greater than one.
• Exemplary tripeptides include: Gly-Val-Cit, Pro-Pro-Pro, D-Ala-Phe-Lys, (D)-
• (AA) 1 of formula (III) is citrulline.
• An amino acid unit may comprise amino acid residues that occur naturally, as well as minor amino acids and non-naturally occurring amino acid analogs, such as citrulline.
• D-amino acids are included for use in the invention.
• Amino acid units can be designed and optimized in their selectivity for enzymatic cleavage by a particular enzyme, for example, a tumor-associated protease, cathepsin B, C and D, or a plasmin protease.
• Exemplary tetrapeptides include: Lys-Ser-Gly-Arg, Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly, Leu-Ser- Gly-Arg, Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu, Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg, Gly-Lys-Ala-Phe-Arg-Arg, and HomoGly- Arg-Ser-Arg-Gly
• Exemplary amino acid sequences for use in linkers of the invention include the amino acid sequences within Phe-Lys, Val-Lys, Ala-Lys, Val-Cit, Phe-Cit, Leu-Cit, Ile-Cit, Trp-Cit, Phe-Arg. These sequences have been used for release of doxorubicin. See, for example, Table 1 , Dubowchik, Firestone et al. Bioconjugate Chem. 2002, 13, 855-869 and references contained therein.
• Another exemplary amino acid sequence for use in linkers of the present invention is Pro-Pro (see, for example, Gianolio et al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012 70, 439 ⁇ 149).
• the JPB is cleavable by a protease that is associated with a disease.
• the JPB is cleavable by a protease that is up-regulated or associated with cancers in general.
• the JPB is cleavable by a protease secreted by cancer-associated cells.
• the JPB is cleavable by an enzyme that is up-regulated or associated with a specific cancer.
• the remaining portion of linker (L') includes a stretcher moiety (S) between the amino acid unit, (AA)'-(AA) X . and the Targeting moiety (T) as shown in the following structures (VII) or (VIII): j— (AA) 1 (AA) X — (S)-(L")-(T) (VII) j— (AA) 1 (AA) X (L")— (S) (T)
• this stretcher is as described in US 7,964,566 and US 6,214,345.
• the payload (P) is characterized from the perspective of an assembled conjugate of the invention. Accordingly, the payload (P) as characterized herein does not necessarily but may correspond to a particular reactant used in the synthesis of a conjugate. The components of the payload (P) may be contributed by a number of reactants.
• a wide variety of compounds may be used to assemble desirable payload (P) components of a conjugate of the invention.
• Any compound that is functional as an amide (as in formula (IV) or as a compound containing an N-acyl sulfonamide-(R)-NH2 group (as in formula (V)) could be delivered to a target cell or tissue using the present conjugate technology.
• Any precursor compounds that can be used (directly, or following appropriate modification) to produce amides of formula (IV) or N-acyl sulfonamide-(R)-NH 2 compounds of formula (V) find use in the invention.
• amide containing drugs particularly preferred are amide containing drugs, carboxylic acid containing drugs that have active amide derivatives, carboxylic acid containing drugs, and drugs having the formula (V).
• the route of synthesis and the particular reactants used to produce conjugates of formula (I) are not limiting. Included within the scope of biologically active compounds as payload (P) are precursors that may be activated in vivo.
• conjugates of formula (I) can be used to deliver biologically active compounds of formula (1V) or (V).
• Suitable payload compounds (P) that may be advantageously delivered by way of compositions of the invention to targeted locations include, e.g., antibiotics, diagnostic agents (e.g. detectable labels), anti-inflammatory agents, anti-viral agents, cytotoxic agents, and anti-cancer drugs.
• Other suitable payload (P) include diagnostic agents known in the art, including those employing one or more of a wide variety of detectable labels.
• the detectable label can be a reporter such as a radioactive isotope such as 125 I, enzymes, fluorescent reagents or groups such as fluorescein, tetramethylrhodamine, cyanine dyes, Alexa dyes or BODIPY dyes, chemiluminescent reagents or groups, or electrochemical materials.
• the detectable label may also be a member of a specific binding pair as is known in the art. Other suitable detectable labels will be readily apparent to one of skill in the art.
• compounds of formula (IV) or (V) show cytotoxic or cytotstatic activity.
• the present invention provides compositions and methods for delivering biologically active compounds of formula (IV) or (V) to cells of interest.
• (P) is a drug compound (D).
• (D) is a compound having the following structure (XVIII):
• Ri is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR24- -CSR 24 - -OR24- and -NHR24- wherein each R 2 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H and d ⁇ alkyl
• R4 is selected from the group consisting of H and C]_ 6 alkyl; and R5 is selected from the group consisting of Ci_ 3 ⁇ 4 alkyl and -SH.
• Ri is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• each optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl is, independently, selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted anthracyl, optionally substituted phenanthryl, optionally substituted fiiryl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted benzofuryl, optionally substituted benzothiophenyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, and optionally substituted pyridinyl.
• R 2 is selected from one of the following structures (A), (B), (C), (D):
• each Q is independently CR 29 or N;
• each Z is independently C(R 29 ) 2 , NR 29 , S, or O;
• each R 29 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, -OH, -R 28 - OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , -NR 28 COR 28 , - R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , -CONHR 28 , - CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 2g , -N0 2 , -SO 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -SH
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• each R29 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, - OH, -R 28, -OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , - NR 28 COR 28 , -R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , - CONHR 28 , -CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -SO 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -
• R 2 is:
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 3 , R4 and R 5 are each methyl.
• R 3 is H, R4 is methyl, and R 5 is methyl.
• any embodiment of the compounds of structure (XVIII), as set forth above, and any specific substituent set forth herein for a Ri, R 2 , R3, Ri, R5, R28, or R 2 9 group in the compounds of structure (XVIII), as set forth herein, may be independently combined with other embodiments and/or substituents of compounds of structure (XVIII) to form embodiments of the present disclosure not specifically set forth above.
• (D) is a compound having the following structure (XVI):
• Rs and R 7 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H and a saturated or unsaturated moiety having a linear, branched, or non-aromatic cyclic skeleton containing one to ten carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms are optionally substituted with: -OH, -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -CHO, -COSH, or -N0 2 ; or R 7 and R 10 are fused and form a ring;
• Rg and R 9 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, R', ArR'-, or Rg and R 9 are joined to form a ring; Rio is selected from the group consisting of: H, R', ArR'-, and Ar;
• Rii is selected from the group consisting of: H, R', and ArR'-;
• Ri2 and Ri 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, R', and ArR'-; and
• R 40 is:
• Ri 5 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR 24 -, -CSR 24 -, - OR 24 -, and -NHR2 4 -, wherein each R 24 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• the ring formed by joining R 8 and R 9 is a three to seven member non-aromatic cyclic skeleton within the definition of R',
• Y is defined as a moiety selected from the group consisting of: a linear, saturated or unsaturated, one to six carbon alkyl group, optionally substituted with R', ArR'— , or X; and
• Ri 5 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• Ar is an aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of: phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, pyrrolyl.
• each optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl is, independently, selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted anthracyl, optionally substituted phenanthryl, optionally substituted furyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted benzofuryl, optionally substituted benzothiophenyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, and optionally substituted pyridinyl.
• R 10 is selected from one of the following structures (A), (B), (C), (D):
• each Q is independently CR 29 or N;
• each Z is independently C(R 2 9) 2 , NR 29 , S, or O;
• each R 29 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, -OH, -R 2 8, - OR 28 , -O 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR28, -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , -NR 28 COR 28 , - R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , -CONHR 28 , - CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -NO 2 , -SO3H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -SH.
• each R 29 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, - OH, -R 28, -OR28, -O2CR28, -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR28, -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , - NR 28 COR 28 , -R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , - CONHR 28 , -CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR28, -NO2, -SO3H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -SH.
• R ]0 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 10 is:
• s and R 7 are each methyl.
• R ⁇ is H and R 7 is methyl.
• R n is C4 branched alkyl. It is understood that any embodiment of the compounds of structure (XVI), as set forth herein, and any specific substituent set forth herein for a R ⁇ , R 7 , 3 ⁇ 4, R 9 , Rio, Rn , Rn, Ri3, Ri4, Ri5, Ri6, 28, or R-29 group in the compounds of structure (XVI), as set forth herein, may be independently combined with other embodiments and/or substituents of compounds of structure (XVI) to form embodiments of the present disclosure not specifically set forth above.
• (P) is a monovalent radical of a compound of Formula
• R 51 is selected from: aryl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, and heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C1-C4 acylthio, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C C 4 alkyl, C r C 4 alkylamino, C]-C 4 alkoxy, amino, amino-C C 4 alkyl, halo, Q-C4 haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxy-C r C 4 alkyl, and thio, wherein C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C C 4 alkylamino and Q-C4 alkoxy are further optionally substituted with one substituent selected from Q-C alkylaryl, hydroxyl, and thio;
• R 52 and R 53 are each independently selected from: H and Q-C6 alkyl
• R 54 is selected from the group consisting of Ci-C 6 alkyl and thio;
• R 55 is selected from: C C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: C C 6 alkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylamino, amino, amino-C r C 6 alkyl, amino-aryl, amino-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, carboxamide, carboxyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, cyano, C C 6 haloalkyl, Ci-C 6 haloalkoxy, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, thio, and thio-C C 6 alkyl; and
• R 51 is selected from: is selected from: H, aryl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, and heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: Q-C 4 acylthio, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C C 4 alkyl, C C alkylamino, C C 4 alkoxy, amino, amino-C C 4 alkyl, halo, C]-C haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxy-C C 4 alkyl, and thio, wherein C 2 -Q alkenyl, Q-C 4 alkylamino and Cj-C 4 alkoxy are further optionally substituted with one substituent selected from /?-tolyl, hydroxyl, and thio.
• R 51 is selected from: H, aryl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, and heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: (2-hydroxyethyl)amino, (2-mercaptoethyl)amino, 2-(acetylthio)ethoxy, 2-aminoethoxy, 2- hydroxyethoxy, 2-mercaptoethoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methylstyryl, amino, aminomethyl, chloro, fluoro, hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl, methyl, thio, trifluoromethyl.
• R 51 is selected from: H, cyclohexyl, lH-indol-3-yl, phenyl, and thien-2-yl each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: (2-hydroxyethyl)amino, (2-mercaptoethyl)amino, 2-(acetylthio)ethoxy, 2- aminoethoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy, 2-mercaptoethoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methylstyryl, amino, aminomethyl, chloro, fluoro, hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl, methyl, thio, and trifluoromethyl.
• R 51 is selected from: ⁇ , lH-indol-3-yl, 1 -methyl-lH- indol-3-yl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)phenyl, 3-((2- mercaptoethyl)amino)phenyl, 3-(2-(acetylthio)ethoxy)phenyl, 3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl, 3- (2-mercaptoethoxy)phenyl, 3-(4-methylstyryl)phenyl, 3-(aminomethyl)phenyl, 3- (hydroxymethyl)phenyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3- aminophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-mercaptophenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)phenyl, 4-((2-hydroxy
• R 51 is selected from: ⁇ , lH-indol-3-yl, 1-methyl-lH- indol-3-yl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)phenyl, 3-((2- mercaptoethyl)amino)phenyl, 3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl, 3-(2-mercaptoethoxy)phenyl, 3,5- difluorophenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-mercaptophenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3- trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)phenyl, 4-((2-mercaptoethyl)amino)phenyl, 4-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl, 4-(2-mercaptoethoxy)phenyl, 4-mercaptophenyl, 4- methoxyphenyl, cyclohe
• R 51 is phenyl
• R 52 is H.
• R 52 is methyl
• R 53 is methyl
• R 54 is methyl
• R 55 is selected from: Ci-C 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: 1-aminocyclopropyl, 4-aminophenyl, amino, aminomethyl, bromo, tert-butyl, carboxamide, carboxyl, chloro, cyano, cyclopentyl, ethyl, fluoro, hydroxy, isopropyl, methoxy, methyl, nitro, phenyl, pyridin-3-yl, thio, thiomethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethyl.
• R 55 is selected from: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, ethyl, hexan-2-yl, methyl, naphthalen-2-yl, piperidin-l-yl, phenyl, propyl, pyridin-3-yl, and thien-2-yl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: 1-aminocyclopropyl, 4-aminophenyl, amino, aminomethyl, bromo, tert-butyl, carboxamide, carboxyl, chloro, cyano, cyclopentyl, ethyl, fluoro, hydroxy, isopropyl, methoxy, methyl, nitro, phenyl, pyridin-3-yl, thio, thiomethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethyl.
• R 55 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4- (aminomethyl)benzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, benzyl, 3-mercaptopropyl, 2- mercaptoethyl, 4-(mercaptomethyl)phenyl, -tolyl, methyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, 4-teri-butylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3- cyanophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl, 4-aminocarbonyl-2-nitrophenyl, 4- methoxyphenyl, 4-aminophenyl, phenyl, 2-fluorobenzyl, piperidin-l-yl, o-tolyl, 4- bromophenyl, naphthalen-2-yl, 4-methoxycarbon
• R 55 is selected from: aryl and aryl-Ci-C 6 alkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: amino and amino-C]-C6 alkyl.
• R 55 is selected from: 4-aminobenzyl, 4- (aminomethyl)benzyl, 4-(aminomethyl)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, and benzyl.
• R 55 is 4-aminobenzyl.
• R 55 is 4-(aminomethyl)benzyl.
• R 55 is 4-(aminomethyl)phenyl.
• R 55 is 4-aminophenyl.
• R 55 is benzyl
• P is a monovalent radical of a compound disclosed in International Application No. PCT/US 14/29463 or U.S. Serial No. 14/213,504.
• (D) has the following structure (XVII);
• Ri7 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, -COR24-, -CSR24-, - OR24-, and -NHR2 4 -, wherein each R 2 4 is, independently, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• Rig is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• Ri9 is selected from the group consisting of H and Ci_ 6 alkyl
• R20 is selected from the group consisting of H and Ci_ 6 alkyl
• R21 and R27 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C]. 6 alkyl and -SH, with the proviso that R 2 i and R27 cannot both be H;
• R-22, R23, 3 ⁇ 44 and R 25 are independently H and C]_ 6 alkyl, at least one of R 2 2 and R23 is H; or R 2 3 and R24 form a double bond, R 2 2 is H, and R 25 is H or C 1-6 alkyl; and
• R 2 6 is selected from the group consisting of H and Ci_ 6 alkyl.
• Ri 7 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• each optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl is, independently, selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted anthracyl, optionally substituted phenanthryl, optionally substituted furyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted benzofuryl, optionally substituted benzothiophenyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, and optionally substituted pyridinyl.
• Ri 8 is selected from one of the following structures (A), (B), (C), (D):
• each Q is independently CR 29 or N;
• each Z is independently C(R 29 ) 2 , NR 29 , S, or O;
• each R 2 9 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, -OH, -R 28, - OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , -NR 28 COR 28 , - R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO, -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , -CONHR 28 , - CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -S0 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH or -
• R[ 8 is selected from the group consisting of:
• each R 2 9 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of H, - OH, -R 28, -OR 28 , -0 2 CR 28 , -SH, -SR 28 , -SOCR 28 , -NH 2 , -N 3 , -NHR 28 , -N(R 28 ) 2 , -NHCOR 28 , - NR 28 COR 28 , -R 28 NH 2 , -I, -Br, -CI, -F, -CN, -C0 2 H, -C0 2 R 28 , -CHO ⁇ -COR 28 , -CONH 2 , - CONHR 28 , -CON(R 28 ) 2 , -COSH, -COSR 28 , -N0 2 , -S0 3 H, -SOR 28 or -S0 2 R 28 , wherein each R 28 is, independently, alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -OH,
• R 18 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R ]8 is:
• R t9 , R 20 , R21, and R27 are each methyl.
• R 19 is H, R20 is methyl, R 2 i is methyl, and R27 is methyl.
• any embodiment of the compounds of structure (XVII), as set forth herein, and any specific substituent set forth herein for a R ]7 , Rjg, R 19 , R 2 o, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, or R29 group in the compounds of structure (XVII), as set forth above, may be independently combined with other embodiments and/or substituents of compounds of structure (XVII) to form embodiments of the present disclosure not specifically set forth above.
• (P) is a cytotoxic compound.
• (P) is a microtubule disrupting peptide toxin.
• (P) is hemiasterlin or an analog thereof.
• (P) is tubulysin or an analog thereof.
• (P) is auristatin or an analog thereof .
• (P) is a cytotoxic compound, for example, a compound disclosed in U.S. 7,579,323; WO 2004/026293; U.S. 8, 129,407; US 2014/0227295; WO 2013/068874; US 2013/0095123; US 2013/0190243; WO 2014/126198; EP 2740493; WO 2014086942; WO 2013072813; WO 2012166559; WO 2012166560; WO 2012123423; WO 201 1 154359; WO 2006063707; WO 2003008378; WO 2002000263; US 2013/224,228; WO 2013/085925; WO 2014/009774; US 8,476,451 ; U.S.
• a cytotoxic compound for example, a compound disclosed in U.S. 7,579,323; WO 2004/026293; U.S. 8, 129,407; US 2014/0227295; WO 2013/068874;
• the cytotoxic compound is a polyketide from Lithoplocamia lithistoides.
• polyketides from Lithoplocamia lithistoides include those disclosed in Martin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10164- 10171.
• the polyketide from Lithoplocamia lithistoides is selected from: PM050489 and PM060184.
• conjugates of formula (I) are prepared by the conjugation of (T) with a (P)-(L) precursor having the following structure (XIII):
• FG is a functional group that forms a covalent bond with one or more atoms of targeting moiety (T).
• FG forms a bond with a heteroatom of (T).
• the FG group comprises a maleimide.
• additional moieties and bonding technologies may be used, including but not limited to transglutaminase sequences, 2- bromoacetamide chemistry, glycosylation chemistries, and others. See for example the linkage chemistry disclosed in WO2013173391, WO2013173392, WO2013173393, and US 7,964,566.
• compositions of the present disclosure comprise a compound of structure (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• the compound of structure (I) is present in the composition in an amount which is effective to treat a particular disease or condition of interest - that is, in an amount sufficient to treat cancer or tumor cell growth, and preferably with acceptable toxicity to the patient.
• the activity of compounds of structure (I) can be determined by one skilled in the art, for example, as described in the Examples below. Appropriate concentrations and dosages can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
• compositions of the disclosure can be prepared by combining a compound of the disclosure with an appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and may be formulated into preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous forms, such as tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions, suppositories, injections, inhalants, gels, microspheres, and aerosols.
• compositions of the disclosure are formulated so as to allow the active ingredients contained therein to be bioavailable upon administration of the composition to a patient.
• Compositions that will be administered to a subject or patient take the form of one or more dosage units, where for example, a tablet may be a single dosage unit, and a container of a compound of the disclosure in aerosol form may hold a plurality of dosage units.
• composition to be administered will, in any event, contain a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treatment of a disease or condition of interest in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure may be in the form of a solid or liquid.
• the carrier(s) are particulate, so that the compositions are, for example, in tablet or powder form.
• the carrier(s) may be liquid, with the compositions being, for example, an oral syrup, injectable liquid or an aerosol, which is useful in, for example, inhalatory administration.
• compositions of the present disclosure typically are either solid or liquid form, where semi-solid, semi-liquid, suspension and gel forms are included within the forms considered herein as either solid or liquid.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated into a powder, granule, compressed tablet, pill, capsule, chewing gum, wafer or the like form.
• a solid composition will typically contain one or more inert diluents or edible carriers.
• binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; excipients such as starch, lactose or dextrins, disintegrating agents such as alginic acid, sodium alginate, Primogel, corn starch and the like; lubricants such as magnesium stearate or Sterotex; glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide; sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin; a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate or orange flavoring; and a coloring agent.
• excipients such as starch, lactose or dextrins, disintegrating agents such as alginic acid, sodium alginate, Primogel, corn starch and the like
• lubricants such as magnesium stearate or Sterotex
• glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide
• sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin
• a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl sal
• the pharmaceutical composition when in the form of a capsule, for example, a gelatin capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as polyethylene glycol or oil.
• a liquid carrier such as polyethylene glycol or oil.
• compositions of the disclosure may be in the form of a liquid, for example, an elixir, syrup, solution, emulsion or suspension.
• the liquid may be for oral administration or for delivery by injection, as two examples.
• pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure typically contain, in addition to the present compounds, one or more of a sweetening agent, preservatives, dye/colorant and flavor enhancer.
• a surfactant, preservative, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, buffer, stabilizer and isotonic agent may be included.
• Liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure may include one or more of the following adjuvants: sterile diluents such as water for injection, saline solution, preferably physiological saline, Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride, fixed oils such as synthetic mono or diglycerides which may serve as the solvent or suspending medium, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, propylene glycol or other solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
• Parenteral preparations can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
• Physiological saline is a preferred adjuvant
• a liquid pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure intended for either parenteral or oral administration should contain an amount of a compound of the disclosure such that a suitable dosage will be obtained.
• compositions of the disclosure may be intended for topical administration, in which case the carrier may suitably comprise a solution, emulsion, ointment or gel base.
• the base for example, may comprise one or more of the following: petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, bee wax, mineral oil, diluents such as water and alcohol, and emulsifiers and stabilizers.
• Thickening agents may be present in a pharmaceutical composition for topical administration.
• the composition may include a transdermal patch or iontophoresis device.
• compositions of the disclosure may be intended for rectal administration, in the form, for example, of a suppository, which will melt in the rectum and release the drug.
• Compositions for rectal administration may contain an oleaginous base as a suitable nonirritating excipient.
• bases include, without limitation, lanolin, cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol.
• compositions of the disclosure may include various materials, which modify the physical form of a solid or liquid dosage unit.
• the composition may include materials that form a coating shell around the active ingredients.
• the materials that form the coating shell are typically inert, and may be selected from, for example, sugar, shellac, and other enteric coating agents.
• the active ingredients may be encased in a gelatin capsule.
• compositions of the disclosure may be prepared in dosage units that can be administered as an aerosol.
• aerosol is used to denote a variety of systems ranging from those of colloidal nature to systems consisting of pressurized packages. Delivery may be by a liquefied or compressed gas or by a suitable pump system that dispenses the active ingredients. Aerosols of compounds of the disclosure may be delivered in single phase, bi-phasic, or tri-phasic systems in order to deliver the active ingredient(s). Delivery of the aerosol includes the necessary container, activators, valves, subcontainers, and the like, which together may form a kit. One skilled in the art, without undue experimentation may determine preferred aerosols.
• compositions of the disclosure may be prepared by methodology well known in the pharmaceutical art.
• a pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered by injection can be prepared by combining a compound of the disclosure with sterile, distilled water so as to form a solution.
• a surfactant may be added to facilitate the formation of a homogeneous solution or suspension.
• Surfactants are compounds that non-covalently interact with the compound of the disclosure so as to facilitate dissolution or homogeneous suspension of the compound in the aqueous delivery system.
• the compounds of the disclosure, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are administered in a therapeutically effective amount, which will vary depending upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed; the metabolic stability and length of action of the compound; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the patient; the mode and time of administration; the rate of excretion; the drug combination; the severity of the particular disorder or condition; and the subject undergoing therapy.
• Compounds of the disclosure, or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, may also be administered simultaneously with, prior to, or after administration of one or more other therapeutic agents.
• Such combination therapy includes administration of a single pharmaceutical dosage formulation which contains a compound of the disclosure and one or more additional active agents, as well as administration of the compound of the disclosure and each active agent in its own separate pharmaceutical dosage formulation.
• a compound of the disclosure and the other active agent can be administered to the patient together in a single oral dosage composition such as a tablet or capsule, or each agent administered in separate oral dosage formulations.
• the compounds of the disclosure and one or more additional active agents can be administered at essentially the same time, i.e., concurrently, or at separately staggered times, i.e., sequentially; combination therapy is understood to include all these regimens. It is understood that in the present description, combinations of substituents and/or variables of the depicted formulae are permissible only if such contributions result in stable compounds.
• suitable protecting groups include hydroxy, amino, mercapto and carboxylic acid.
• suitable protecting groups for hydroxy include trialkylsilyl or diarylalkylsilyl (for example, i-butyldimethylsilyl, /-butyldiphenylsilyl or trimethylsilyl), tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, and the like
• suitable protecting groups for amino, amidino and guanidino include i-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, and the like.
• Suitable protecting groups for mercapto include -C(0)-R" (where R" is alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl), 7-methoxybenzyl, trityl and the like.
• Suitable protecting groups for carboxylic acid include alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl esters.
• Protecting groups may be added or removed in accordance with standard techniques, which are known to one skilled in the art and as described herein. The use of protecting groups is described in detail in Green, T.W. and P.G.M. Wutz, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1999), 3rd Ed., Wiley.
• the protecting group may also be a polymer resin such as a Wang resin, Rink resin or a 2- chlorotrityl-chloride resin.
• compounds of the disclosure which exist in free base or acid form can be converted to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts by treatment with the appropriate inorganic or organic base or acid by methods known to one skilled in the art.
• Salts of the compounds of the disclosure can be converted to their free base or acid form by standard techniques.
• starting components may be obtained from sources such as Sigma Aldrich, Lancaster Synthesis, Inc., Maybridge, Matrix Scientific, TCI, and Fluorochem USA, etc. or synthesized according to sources known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 5th edition (Wiley, December 2000)) or prepared as described herein.
• Scheme 1 illustrates a particular embodiment of a general scheme for the synthesis of a P-L complex.
• the protecting group (PGi) is removed from the Toxin (or drug) before amino acid (e.g., AA AA 2 ) addition.
• the Anchor includes a functional group that can form a covalent bond with the Target.
• the Anchor comprises a Stretcher.
• Scheme 2 illustrates a particular embodiment of a general scheme for the convergent synthesis of a P-L complex where the JPB between the payload and AA sequence is assembled prior to installation of stretcher and anchor moieties.
• This synthetic approach was used to generate the following compounds: Compound A, Compound B, Compound C, Compound D, Compound E, Compound F, Compound G, Compound H, Compound I, Compound J, Compound K, Compound KK, Compound N, Compound X, Compound Z, Compound AA, Compound BB, Compound CC and Compound DD.
• Scheme 3 illustrates a particular embodiment of a general scheme for the convergent synthesis of a P-L complex where the JPB is established between the payload and a proteolytic sequence that already contains a stretcher and anchor functionality. This synthetic approach was used to generate the following compounds: Compound L, Compound M, Compound O, Compound P, Compound Q, Compound R, Compound s, Compound T, Compound U, Compound V, and Compound W.
• the general scheme comprises the procedures as discussed below. As will be understood by the reasonably skilled artisan, these procedures are illustrative of certain embodiments of the invention and could be performed with alternative solvents, reagents and protecting groups known to be suitable in the art.
• GENERAL PROCEDURE 1 4-ANILINO SULFONAMIDE SYNTHESIS
• GENERAL PROCEDURE 2 TRIFLUOROACET AMIDE INSTALLATION
• GENERAL PROCEDURE 3 DCC/DMAP MEDIATED N-ACYL SULFONAMIDE FORMATION
• GENERAL PROCEDURE 5 TRIFLUOROACETAMIDE SAPONIFICATION
• GENERAL PROCEDURE 7 EDCI/Cu(II) MEDIATED PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION.
• GENERAL PROCEDURE 8 FMOC GROUP REMOVAL
• GENERAL PROCEDURE 11 ESTER SAPONIFICATION.
• the title compound was prepared based on the above procedure from M. A.
• the title compound was synthesized according to US2010/0233190 Al with ing spectroscopic data.
• Compound 5 Fmoc-Ala(D)-Phe-Lys(Boc)-OH: (5R,8S,llS)-8-benzyI-ll-(4-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)butyl)-l-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-5-methyl-3,6,9-trioxo-2-oxa-4,7,10- triazadodecan-12-oic acid.
• the intermediate powder was taken up in toluene (250 mL), triethylamine (21.3 mL, 152 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added, and the mixture heated to reflux with a Dean-Stark trap. After 5 h of reflux, the mixture was cooled and the clear toluene layer was decanted from the rest of the sticky residue in the flask. The toluene was removed in vacuo to yield the a triethylamine salt of 6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l -yl)hexanoate. The salt was redissolved in toluene, and a small amount of acetic acid was added, then concentrated.
• the title compound was prepared from H-VC-OH (0.50g, 1.287 mmol)) and MT-NHS (0.512g, 1.287 mmol) with NN-di-isopropylethylamine (0.448 mL, 2 equiv) in dioxanes (0.50mL).
• the reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting oil was purified by preparative HPLC- MS. Lyophilization of the desired fractions afforded the title compound as a white powder (0.351 g, 63%).
• the title compound was prepared according to Nieman et al. J. Nat. Prod. 2003, 66, 183-199.
• Compound A-4 Tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-l-(((S,E)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-6-(4-((2,2,2- trifluoroacetamido)methyl)phenylsulfonamido)hex-4-en-3-yl)(methyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-l- oxobutan-2-ylamino)-3-methyl-l-oxo-3-phenylbutan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate)
• the title compound was prepared from fert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-l-(((S,£)-2,5- dimethyl-6-oxo-6-(4-((2,2,2-trifluoroacetamido)methyl)phenylsulfonamido)hex-4-en-3- yl)(methyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2-ylamino)-3-methyl-l-oxo-3-phenylbutan-2- yl(methyl)carbamate according to General Procedures 5 and 10.
• Compound B-la Tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-l-(((S,E)-6-(4-(aminomethyl)phenylsulfonamido)-2,5- dimethyl-6-oxohex-4-en-3-yl)(methyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutan-2-ylamino)-3-methyI- l-oxo-3-phenylbutan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate
• the title compound was prepared from tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-l -(((S,i?)-6-(4- (aminomethyl)phenylsulfonamido)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxohex-4-en-3-yl)(methyl)amino)-3,3- dimethyl-l -oxobutan-2-ylamino)-3 -methyl- 1 -oxo-3 -phenylbutan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate and Fmoc-Phe-Lys(Boc)-OH according to General Procedure 6.

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