WO2015064205A1 - 液晶パネル及び該液晶パネルに用いられる偏光子積層体 - Google Patents
液晶パネル及び該液晶パネルに用いられる偏光子積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015064205A1 WO2015064205A1 PCT/JP2014/073160 JP2014073160W WO2015064205A1 WO 2015064205 A1 WO2015064205 A1 WO 2015064205A1 JP 2014073160 W JP2014073160 W JP 2014073160W WO 2015064205 A1 WO2015064205 A1 WO 2015064205A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133308—Support structures for LCD panels, e.g. frames or bezels
- G02F1/133311—Environmental protection, e.g. against dust or humidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/50—Protective arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/40—Materials having a particular birefringence, retardation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/64—Normally black display, i.e. the off state being black
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/06—Two plates on one side of the LC cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/12—Biaxial compensators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/13—Positive birefingence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/14—Negative birefingence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal panel.
- an IPS liquid crystal cell is provided with polarizers on both sides of a liquid crystal cell including liquid crystal molecules aligned in one plane in an in-plane direction without applying an electric field.
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal panel having a configuration in which retardation layers for viewing angle compensation are combined.
- the present invention also relates to a laminate including a polarizer and a retardation layer used in such a liquid crystal panel.
- the IPS liquid crystal cell has a homogeneous alignment in which liquid crystal molecules are uniformly aligned in one in-plane direction with no electric field applied.
- a pair of polarizers are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell with their absorption axes orthogonal to each other.
- the polarizer is arranged with respect to the liquid crystal cell so that the absorption axis of one polarizer is parallel to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Normally, this state where no electric field is applied corresponds to “black display”.
- the “white state” is realized in a state where the liquid crystal molecules have the maximum transmittance toward the intermediate angle between the crossing angles of the absorption axes of the pair of polarizers, that is, in the direction of 45 °. Actually, it is difficult to rotate the liquid crystal molecules to the ideal orientation of 45 °, and an orientation angle substantially close to 45 ° is regarded as a “white state”.
- the liquid crystal display device in which the polarizer on the illumination light source side is aligned in parallel with the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the state where no electric field is applied is called “O mode”.
- the liquid crystal display device arranged in parallel with the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in is called “E mode”.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a method for solving this problem by arranging a plurality of retardation films on one side of the liquid crystal cell. Furthermore, as a solution that is more effective than the methods proposed by these Patent Documents 1 and 2, Patent Document 3 includes two sheets consisting of a “negative biaxial plate” and a “positive biaxial plate”. It has been proposed to use the above retardation film in combination with one polarizer.
- the positive biaxial plate is nz2 when the refractive index in the slow axis x direction is nx2, the refractive index in the fast axis y direction is ny2, and the refractive index in the thickness z direction is nz2. It is configured to satisfy the relationship of nx2> ny2.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-133408 JP 2006-178401 A Japanese Patent No. 4,938,632 Japanese Patent No. 4,751,481 Japanese Patent No. 4,751,486 Japanese Patent No. 5,244,848
- the present invention is a liquid crystal whose thickness is greatly reduced as compared with the conventional one, and that is aligned in one in-plane direction without applying an electric field, such as an IPS liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal cell including molecules it is an object to be solved to provide a liquid crystal panel capable of reducing light leakage in an oblique direction in black display and increasing contrast.
- the present invention also provides a polarizer that can be suitably used for a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal cell including liquid crystal molecules that are aligned in one in-plane direction with no electric field applied, such as an IPS liquid crystal cell.
- a polarizer that can be suitably used for a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal cell including liquid crystal molecules that are aligned in one in-plane direction with no electric field applied, such as an IPS liquid crystal cell.
- Another object is to provide a laminate of a retardation layer.
- the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules aligned in one in-plane direction with no electric field applied, for example, an IPS liquid crystal cell.
- a first polarizer is disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizer is disposed on the other side. These first and second polarizers are arranged so that their absorption axes are orthogonal to each other. Between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal cell, a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer are arranged in this order from the first polarizer side, and the first retardation layer.
- the second retardation layer has an in-plane slow axis x-direction refractive index nx2, fast axis direction refractive index ny2, and thickness z-direction refractive index nz2, nz2> nx2> ny2. It satisfies the relationship.
- the slow axis of the first retardation layer and the slow axis of the second retardation layer are arranged substantially in parallel.
- each of the first polarizer and the second polarizer has an optical thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less, a single transmittance of 40.0% or more, and a polarization degree of 99.8% or more. Has characteristics.
- the second polarizer is directly bonded to the liquid crystal cell via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in such an arrangement that the absorption axis thereof is substantially parallel to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal cell when no electric field is applied.
- a protective layer having a thickness of 10 to 50 ⁇ m and a moisture permeability of 200 g / m 2 or less is bonded to the surface of the second polarizer opposite to the liquid crystal cell via an adhesive layer.
- the first retardation layer has a thickness of 25 ⁇ m or less, preferably within a range of 3 to 25 ⁇ m as shown in Table 1, a moisture permeability of 200 g / m 2 or less, and a refractive index nx1 in the slow axis direction.
- the value of the in-plane refractive index difference ⁇ nxy1, which is the difference from the refractive index ny1 in the fast axis direction, is 0.0036 or more, preferably within the range of 0.0036 to 0.014 as shown in Table 1,
- the thickness direction refractive index difference ⁇ nxz1, which is the difference between the refractive index nx1 in the phase axis direction and the refractive index nz1 in the thickness z direction is 0.0041 or more, preferably 0.0041 to 0.0238 as shown in Table 1.
- Rth (nx1 ⁇ nz1) ⁇ d1 where the in-plane retardation Re is in the range of 90 nm to 140 nm and the thickness of the first retardation layer is d1.
- Thickness direction retardation Rth is in the range of 100 nm to 240 nm To be inside.
- the second retardation layer has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m as shown in Table 1, and has a refractive index nx2 in the slow axis direction and a refractive index ny2 in the fast axis direction.
- the value of ⁇ nxy2 which is the difference is 0.0008 or more, preferably within the range of 0.0008 to 0.010 as shown in Table 1, and the refractive index nx2 in the slow axis direction and the refractive index nz2 in the thickness z direction.
- ⁇ nxz2 which is a difference from the above, is ⁇ 0.0030 or less, preferably within the range of ⁇ 0.0220 to ⁇ 0.0030 as shown in Table 1, and the in-plane retardation Re is 15 nm to 50 nm.
- the first polarizer is provided with a protective layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or less and a moisture permeability of 200 g / m 2 or less on the surface opposite to the first retardation layer.
- the thickness of the laminate composed of the first polarizer, the first and second retardation layers, and the protective layer provided on the first polarizer is 105 ⁇ m at the maximum. It is a value obtained by adding the thickness of the layer, and in a preferred example, it is a value obtained by adding the thickness of the adhesive layer to about 90 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional configuration.
- a polarizer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less and having the above-described optical characteristics represented by single transmittance and degree of polarization is obtained by the method described in any one of Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6 by the applicant of the present application. Can be manufactured.
- the in-plane refractive index difference ⁇ nxy of the first retardation layer is 0.0036 or more
- the thickness direction refractive index difference ⁇ nxz is 0.0041 or more.
- the in-plane refractive index difference ⁇ nxy of the second retardation layer is 0.0008 or more, and the thickness direction refractive index difference ⁇ nxz is ⁇ 0.0030 or less.
- Both the first and second polarizers have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the polarizer is a relatively large value such as 25 to 30 ⁇ m as in the prior art, the stretching force generated in the polarizer is increased, which is sufficient to suppress the stretching of the polarizer.
- a protective layer or retardation layer having a thickness of 1 mm.
- the thickness of the protective layer and the retardation layer bonded to the polarizer can be reduced by thinning the polarizer and reducing the stretching force generated in the polarizer. .
- the moisture permeability of the protective layer is 200 g / m 2 or less.
- the polarizer has a problem that the moisture resistance decreases as the thickness decreases.
- similar to a 1st polarizer is 200 g / m ⁇ 2 > or less.
- an antiglare layer and an antireflection layer can be provided on the outer surface thereof.
- a laminate of a polarizer and a retardation layer in another aspect of the present invention, includes a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules aligned in one in-plane direction with no electric field applied, and a pair of polarizers arranged so that absorption axes are orthogonal to each other on both sides of the liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal panel comprising: a liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal cell is disposed between the one polarizer and used.
- the laminate includes a first retardation layer disposed adjacent to one polarizer, and a second retardation layer bonded to the first retardation layer.
- the first retardation layer has an in-plane slow axis x direction refractive index of nx1, a fast axis direction refractive index of ny1, and a thickness z direction refractive index of nz1, where nx1> ny1> nz1.
- the second retardation layer has an in-plane slow axis x direction refractive index nx2, fast axis direction refractive index ny2, and thickness z direction refractive index nz2. , Nz2> nx2> ny2, and the slow axis of the first retardation layer and the slow axis of the second retardation layer are arranged in parallel.
- the first retardation layer has a thickness of 25 ⁇ m or less, preferably within a range of 3 to 25 ⁇ m, a moisture permeability of 200 g / m 2 or less, a refractive index nx1 in the slow axis direction, and a refractive index in the fast axis direction.
- the value of the in-plane refractive index difference ⁇ nxy1 which is the difference from the refractive index ny1 is 0.0036 or more, preferably in the range of 0.0036 to 0.014, and the refractive index nx1 in the slow axis direction and the thickness z direction
- the thickness direction refractive index difference ⁇ nxz1 which is the difference from the refractive index nz1 is 0.0041 or more, preferably within the range of 0.0041 to 0.0238, and the in-plane retardation Re is within the range of 90 nm to 140 nm.
- the second retardation layer has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and an in-plane refraction that is a difference between the refractive index nx2 in the slow axis direction and the refractive index ny2 in the fast axis direction.
- the value of the rate difference ⁇ nxy2 is 0.0008 or more, preferably in the range of 0.0008 to 0.010, and is the difference between the refractive index nx2 in the slow axis direction and the refractive index nz2 in the thickness z direction.
- the slow axis of the first retardation layer and the slow axis of the second retardation layer are arranged in parallel to each other.
- a polarizer is formed by uniaxially or biaxially stretching a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin film impregnated and adsorbed with a dichroic substance by a dyeing process and orienting the impregnated dichroic substance.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- iodine it is common to use iodine as a dichroic substance.
- the dyeing process the PVA-based resin film is immersed in an aqueous iodine solution.
- iodine molecules (I 2 ) alone do not dissolve in water iodine is dissolved in water together with potassium iodide (KI). ⁇ Create an aqueous potassium iodide solution.
- polyiodine ions I 3 ⁇ and I 5 ⁇ in which iodine ions and iodine molecules are combined exist.
- iodine ions and polyiodine ions penetrate into the PVA resin film and are adsorbed by the PVA resin molecules.
- the polyiodine ions are also oriented in the stretching direction. Since oriented polyiodine ions have different transmittances of incident light depending on the angle of the polarization direction of incident light with respect to the orientation direction of polyiodine ions, the dyed and stretched PVA resin functions as a polarizer.
- the polarizer includes at least a PVA-based resin and polyiodine ions.
- the polyiodine ion exists in a state where a PVA-iodine complex (PVA ⁇ I 3 ⁇ or PVA ⁇ I 5 ⁇ ) is formed in the polarizer by interaction with the PVA resin molecule.
- PVA ⁇ I 3 ⁇ or PVA ⁇ I 5 ⁇ a PVA-iodine complex
- absorption dichroism is exhibited in the wavelength range of visible light.
- Iodine ion (I ⁇ ) has an absorption peak around 230 nm.
- triiodide ion (PVA ⁇ I 3 ⁇ ) in a complex state with PVA has an absorption peak near 470 nm.
- the absorption peak of pentaiodide ion (PVA ⁇ I 5 ⁇ ) in a complex state with PVA exists in the vicinity of 600 nm.
- the wavelength of light to be absorbed changes, so that the absorption peak of polyiodine ions is wide.
- a PVA-iodine complex absorbs visible light.
- iodine ions do not absorb visible light because they have a peak near 230 nm. Therefore, the polyiodine ion complexed with PVA affects the performance of the polarizer relating to a display device such as a liquid crystal display device of the polarizer.
- the thickness of the polarizer is 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the stretching force generated in the polarizer due to changes in the surrounding environment can be reduced.
- the polarizer is relatively thick, the stretching force generated in the polarizer increases, so it is necessary to attach a protective layer or retardation layer with a thickness sufficient to suppress the stretching of the polarizer. become.
- the thickness of the protective layer or retardation layer bonded to the polarizer can be reduced by reducing the stretching force generated in the polarizer by thinning the polarizer, and the thickness of the entire optical laminate can be reduced. Can be thinned.
- the thickness of the polarizer is thin and the expansion and contraction force generated in the polarizer is reduced due to the change in the surrounding environment, the stress generated between the polarizer and the member to be bonded to the member is reduced, which occurs in the bonded member.
- the optical distortion is also suppressed.
- the polarizer preferably exhibits absorption dichroism at any wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm.
- the single transmittance of the polarizer is preferably 40.0% or more, more preferably 40.5% or more, further preferably 41.0% or more, and particularly preferably 41.5% or more.
- the polarization degree of the polarizer is preferably 99.8% or more, more preferably 99.9% or more, and further preferably 99.95% or more.
- a thin polarizer having desired characteristics can be manufactured.
- any appropriate resin film can be adopted as long as the following moisture permeability requirements can be satisfied under the following thickness conditions.
- the protective layer forming material suitable for use in the present invention include cycloolefin resins such as norbornene resins, olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyester resins, and (meth) acrylic resins.
- the “(meth) acrylic resin” refers to an acrylic resin and / or a methacrylic resin.
- the thickness of the protective layer is 50 ⁇ m or less, but is typically 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 15 ⁇ m to 45 ⁇ m.
- a surface treatment layer such as an antiglare layer or an antireflection layer can be appropriately provided.
- the permeation humidity of the protective layer is 200 g / m 2 or less, preferably 170 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 130 g / m 2 or less, and particularly preferably 90 g / m 2 or less.
- the polarizer used in the present invention has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the polarizer has a problem that the moisture resistance decreases as the thickness decreases.
- the material that can be used as the first retardation layer must be capable of satisfying the above moisture permeability requirements.
- materials that can be used include polycarbonate resins, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate resins, polyimide resins, cyclic polyolefin (polynorbornene) resins, polyamide resins, polyethylene or polypropylene. Examples thereof include polyolefin resins.
- Examples of materials used as the second retardation layer include acrylic resins, styrene resins, maleimide resins, and fumaric acid ester resins as preferred materials, but polymers having negative birefringence. If it is a material, it will not specifically limit. “Having negative birefringence” means that when the polymer is oriented by stretching or the like, the refractive index in the orientation direction becomes relatively small, in other words, the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the orientation direction is large.
- Examples of such a polymer include those in which a chemical bond or a functional group having a large polarization anisotropy such as an aromatic group or a carbonyl group is introduced into the side chain of the polymer.
- the polarizer, the retardation layer and the protective layer laminated on the polarizer are thinly configured, so that the thickness of the liquid crystal panel can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional case. Can do.
- the refractive indexes of the first and second retardation layers stacked on the first polarizer to a specific range, it is possible to achieve the initial optical compensation effect while greatly reducing the thickness. .
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal panel 1 includes an IPS liquid crystal cell 10.
- the first polarizer 11 is positioned on one side of the liquid crystal cell 10, and the second polarizer 21 is positioned on the other side.
- a first retardation layer 12 and a second retardation layer 13 are arranged in this order between the first polarizer 11 and the liquid crystal cell 10 as viewed from the first polarizer 11 side.
- Each of the first polarizer 11 and the second polarizer 21 is of a type in which a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer is impregnated with iodine, and each has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less, typically 5 ⁇ m.
- a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer is impregnated with iodine
- each has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less, typically 5 ⁇ m.
- the first polarizer 11 one having a polarization performance with a single transmittance of 40.8% and a polarization degree of 99.99% or more is typically used.
- the first retardation layer 12 can be formed of any of the materials exemplified as being suitable for the first retardation layer forming material.
- the thickness is typically 25 ⁇ m.
- the first retardation layer 12 is configured to satisfy the above-described optical characteristics such as moisture permeability and refractive index, and is bonded to the surface of the first polarizer 11.
- the second retardation layer 13 can be formed of any of the materials exemplified as those that can be used as the second retardation layer forming material.
- the thickness is typically 20 ⁇ m.
- the second retardation layer 13 is configured to satisfy the optical characteristics such as the refractive index described above, and is opposite to the first polarizer 11 via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer 14. Bonded to the surface of the first retardation layer 12.
- the second retardation layer 13 is bonded to one surface of the liquid crystal cell 10 via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer 15.
- the first retardation layer 12 and the second retardation layer 13 are laminated on the liquid crystal cell via an adhesive layer using a photocurable adhesive.
- the storage elastic modulus of the adhesive layer is preferably in the range of 3 ⁇ 10 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 Pa (25 ° C.).
- the storage elastic modulus is smaller than 3 ⁇ 10 5 Pa (25 ° C.)
- the adhesive force is lowered and there is a risk of peeling off.
- the storage elastic modulus is larger than 1 ⁇ 10 8 Pa, the impact resistance is inferior and peeling may occur.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the adhesive strength is low and the film may be peeled off.
- the peel (peeling) force (90 °) of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.5 N / 15 mm width or more, more preferably 1.0 N / 15 mm width or more. If the peel force is less than 0.5 N / 15 mm width, the adhesive layer may peel off when the surface protective film is peeled off.
- a composition containing a radical polymerizable compound or a photo radical polymerization initiator and having substantially no organic solvent and a liquid viscosity of 1 to 100 cp / 25 ° C. is irradiated with active energy rays. Can be used.
- Radical polymerizable compounds include compounds containing N-vinyl compounds and / or acrylamide derivatives, (meth) acrylate compounds having one (meth) acryloyl, and (meth) acrylate compounds having two or more (meth) acryloyl Etc. can be used.
- radical photopolymerization initiator an initiator containing a thioxanthone-based initiator can be used.
- composition may contain a silane coupling agent having at least one organic group selected from an amino group, an acid anhydride, an epoxy group, a triazine ring, and a (meth) acryloyl group.
- a protective layer 16 is bonded to the first polarizer 11 on the surface opposite to the first retardation layer 12.
- This protective layer 16 has a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and a moisture permeability of typically 80 g / m 2 .
- An antireflection layer 17 is provided on the outer surface of the protective layer 16.
- the antireflection layer 17 has a thickness of 7 ⁇ m.
- DSG 11 having a thickness of 47 ⁇ m, which is an acrylic protective film with an antireflection function manufactured by Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., is used.
- an optical film such as a brightness enhancement film may be used.
- the second polarizer 21 is bonded to the other surface of the liquid crystal cell 10 through the adhesive layer 22.
- a protective layer 23 is bonded to the second polarizer 21 on the surface opposite to the liquid crystal cell 10.
- the protective layer 23 can have the same configuration as the protective layer 16.
- a brightness enhancement film 25 is bonded to the outer surface of the protective layer 23 via an adhesive layer 24.
- the brightness enhancement film 25 side is the light source side
- the antireflection layer 17 side is the viewing side
- the brightness enhancement film 25 side is the viewing side
- the antireflection layer 17 side is the light source side
- the single transmittance T, the parallel transmittance Tp, and the orthogonal transmittance Tc of the polarizer were measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (V7100 manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- the “parallel transmittance” is a transmittance measured in a state where two polarizers having the same configuration are stacked so that the absorption axes are parallel to each other
- the “single transmittance” is the transmittance of one polarizer.
- These values of T, Tp, and Tc are Y values measured by a JIS Z 8701 2 degree visual field (C light source) and corrected for visibility.
- C light source C light source
- the measurement in order to facilitate the handling of the polarizer, the measurement was performed in a state where a protective layer (acrylic resin film or cycloolefin resin film) was bonded to the polarizer. Since the light absorption of the protective layer is negligibly small compared to the light absorption of the polarizer, the transmittance of the laminate in which the protective layer is laminated on the polarizer is defined as the transmittance of the polarizer.
- the degree of polarization P was obtained by the following equation using the parallel transmittance and the orthogonal transmittance.
- Polarization degree P (%) ⁇ (Tp ⁇ Tc) / (Tp + Tc) ⁇ ⁇ (1/2) ⁇ 100
- A-PET amorphous-polyethylene terephthalate film (trade name: Novaclear SH046 200 ⁇ m manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc.) was prepared as a base material, and the surface was subjected to corona treatment (58 W / m 2 / min).
- corona treatment 58 W / m 2 / min.
- 1 wt% of acetoacetyl-modified PVA manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Gohsephimer Z200 (polymerization degree 1200, saponification degree 99.0% or more, acetoacetyl modification degree 4.6%) is added.
- PVA polymerization degree 4200, saponification degree 99.2%
- this laminate was first stretched 2.0 times at 130 ° C. in air to produce a stretched laminate.
- a step of insolubilizing the PVA layer in which the PVA molecules contained in the stretched laminate were oriented was performed by immersing the stretched laminate in a boric acid insolubilized aqueous solution having a liquid temperature of 30 ° C. for 30 seconds.
- the boric acid aqueous solution for insolubilization in this step contains 3 parts by weight of boric acid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of water.
- a colored laminate was produced by dyeing the stretched laminate after the insolubilization step. In this colored laminate, iodine is adsorbed on the PVA layer contained in the stretched laminate by immersing the stretched laminate in a dyeing solution.
- the staining solution contains iodine and potassium iodide, the temperature of the staining solution is 30 ° C., water is used as a solvent, the iodine concentration is in the range of 0.08 to 0.25 wt%, and the potassium iodide concentration was in the range of 0.56 to 1.75% by weight.
- the ratio of iodine to potassium iodide concentration was 1: 7.
- the iodine concentration and the immersion time were set so that the single transmittance of the PVA resin layer constituting the polarizer was 40.9%.
- the colored laminate was immersed in an aqueous solution of boric acid for crosslinking at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds to perform a step of crosslinking the PVA molecules of the PVA layer on which iodine was adsorbed.
- the boric acid aqueous solution for crosslinking used in this crosslinking step had a boric acid content of 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water and a potassium iodide content of 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water.
- the obtained colored laminate is stretched 2.7 times in a boric acid aqueous solution at a stretching temperature of 70 ° C. in the same direction as the previous stretching in air, whereby the final stretching ratio is increased.
- the film was stretched by 5.4 times to obtain an optical film laminate including the test polarizer.
- the boric acid aqueous solution used in this stretching step has a boric acid content of 4.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water and a potassium iodide content of 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water. It is.
- the obtained optical film laminate was taken out from the boric acid aqueous solution, and the boric acid adhering to the surface of the PVA layer was washed with an aqueous solution containing 4 parts by weight of potassium iodide with respect to 100 parts by weight of water.
- the washed optical film laminate was dried by a drying process using hot air at 60 ° C. to obtain a polarizer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m laminated on the PET film.
- the methacrylic resin pellets having a glutarimide ring unit were dried at 100.5 kPa and 100 ° C. for 12 hours, and extruded from a T-die at a die temperature of 270 ° C. with a single screw extruder to form a film. Further, the film is stretched in the transport direction (hereinafter referred to as “MD direction”) in an atmosphere that is 10 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin, and then the direction orthogonal to the film transport direction (hereinafter referred to as the TD direction). ) Under an atmosphere 7 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin to obtain an acrylic protective film having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m.
- MD direction transport direction
- the obtained film was uniaxially stretched at a fixed end in the width direction at 145 ° C. using a tenter stretching machine so that the film width was 4.3 times the original film width (lateral stretching step).
- the thickness of the obtained film was 7 ⁇ m, and was a negative biaxial plate (nx> ny> nz) having a fast axis in the transport direction.
- the obtained film was uniaxially stretched in the conveying direction at a temperature of 150 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.04 using a roll stretching machine (longitudinal stretching process).
- the thickness of the obtained film was 18 ⁇ m and was a positive biaxial plate (nz>nx> ny) having a fast axis in the transport direction.
- the obtained film was uniaxially stretched at a fixed end in the width direction so that the film width was 1.6 times the film width after the longitudinal stretching, and the thickness was 10 ⁇ m.
- a biaxially stretched film was obtained (transverse stretching step).
- the obtained film was a positive biaxial plate (nz>nx> ny) having a fast axis in the transport direction.
- the obtained film was uniaxially stretched at a fixed end in the width direction so that the film width was 1.8 times the film width after the longitudinal stretching at a temperature of 135 ° C., and the thickness was 33 ⁇ m.
- a biaxially stretched film was obtained (transverse stretching step).
- the obtained film was a positive biaxial plate (nz>nx> ny) having a fast axis in the transport direction.
- the surface opposite to the PET is disposed on the surface opposite to the PET by the above-described method.
- the produced first retardation layer N-1 was bonded.
- an acrylic protective film with an antireflection function was bonded via a UV curable adhesive.
- a second retardation layer P-1 is further provided on the surface of the laminate on which the first retardation layer N-1 is laminated via an acrylic adhesive (thickness 5 ⁇ m).
- the first polarizing plate was obtained by laminating by a roll-to-roll method so that the transport directions were parallel.
- Example 1 Remove the liquid crystal panel from the slate type PC (IPad Retina display model manufactured by Apple Inc., USA) equipped with an IPS liquid crystal cell, remove the polarizing plates placed above and below the liquid crystal cell, and remove the glass surfaces on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. Washed. Subsequently, on the surface of the liquid crystal cell on the viewing side, the first polarizing plate produced by the above-described method is bonded to an acrylic adhesive so that the absorption axis of the polarizer is orthogonal to the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal cell. It laminated
- the second polarizing plate produced by the above method is applied to the surface of the liquid crystal cell on the light source side so that the absorption axis direction of the polarizer and the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal cell are parallel to each other.
- a liquid crystal panel was obtained by laminating via an adhesive (thickness: 15 ⁇ m).
- Example 2 In the manufacturing example of the first polarizing plate, the first retardation layer N-1 and the second retardation layer P-1 are respectively formed as N-2, N-3, P-2, P- By replacing with 3, a first polarizing plate was obtained. Furthermore, a liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained first polarizing plate.
- Example 4 In the production example of the first polarizing plate, the first retardation layer N-1 and the second retardation layer P-1 are made of a photo-curing adhesive (storage elastic modulus 2.6 ⁇ 10 6 , A liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layers were laminated via a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 In the production example of the first polarizing plate, the first retardation layer N-2 and the second retardation layer P-2 are made of a photo-curing adhesive (storage elastic modulus 4.0 ⁇ 10 5 , A liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layers were laminated via a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 In the production example of the first polarizing plate, the first retardation layer N-3 and the second retardation layer P-3 are made of a photo-curing adhesive (storage elastic modulus 9.0 ⁇ 10 7 , A liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layers were laminated via a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the laminated polarizing plate on which the polarizer protective film, the polarizer, the first retardation layer, and the second retardation layer were laminated was measured using a digital micrometer (KC-351C manufactured by Anritsu Corporation).
- the laminated polarizing plate obtained by laminating the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer using a photo-curing adhesive was able to be thinned.
Abstract
Description
偏光子の単体透過率T、平行透過率Tp、直交透過率Tcは、紫外可視分光光度計(日本分光社製V7100)を用いて測定した。ここに「平行透過率」とは、同一の構成を有する2枚の偏光子を、吸収軸が互いに平行になるように重ねた状態で測定した透過率であり、「直交透過率」とは、同一の構成を有する2枚の偏光子を、吸収軸が互いに直交するように重ねた状態で測定した透過率である。これに対して、「単体透過率」は、1枚の偏光子の透過率である。これらのT、Tp、Tcの値は、JIS Z 8701の2度視野(C光源)により測定して視感度補正を行なったY値である。測定において、偏光子の取り扱いを容易にするため、偏光子に保護層(アクリル系樹脂フィルム、またはシクロオレフィン系樹脂フィルム)を貼合せた状態で測定が行われた。保護層の吸光は、偏光子の吸光と比べて無視できる程小さいため、偏光子に保護層を積層した積層体の透過率を、偏光子の透過率とした。
偏光度P(%)={(Tp-Tc)/(Tp+Tc)}×(1/2)×100
偏光子及び保護層の厚みは、デジタルマイクロメーター(アンリツ社製KC-351C)を用いて測定した。
JIS Z 0208に記載の防湿包装材料の透湿度試験方法(カップ法)に基づいて測定した。
A-PET(アモルファス‐ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルム、(三菱樹脂(株)製 商品名:ノバクリア SH046 200μm)を基材として用意し、表面にコロナ処理(58W/m2/min)を施した。一方、アセトアセチル変性PVA(日本合成化学工業(株)製 商品名:ゴーセファイマー Z200(重合度1200、ケン化度99.0%以上、アセトアセチル変性度4.6%))を1wt%添加したPVA(重合度4200、ケン化度99.2%)を用意して、乾燥後の膜厚が12μmになるように塗布し、60℃の雰囲気下において熱風乾燥により10分間乾燥して、基材上にPVA系樹脂の層を設けた積層体を作製した。
最終的に生成される偏光子を構成するPVA層の単体透過率が42.8%になるように染色浴のヨウ素濃度及び時間を変更したこと以外は、第1の偏光子と同様の方法で作製した。
グルタルイミド環単位を有するメタクリル樹脂ペレットを、100.5kPa、100℃で12時間乾燥させ、単軸の押出機にてダイス温度270℃でTダイから押出してフィルム状に成形した。さらに、当該フィルムを、その搬送方向(以下、「MD方向」という)に、樹脂のガラス遷移温度Tgより10℃高い雰囲気のもとで延伸し、次いでフィルム搬送方向と直交する方向(以下TD方向)に樹脂のガラス遷移温度Tgより7℃高い雰囲気のもとで延伸し、厚さ40μmのアクリル系保護フィルムを得た。
大日本印刷株式会社製の反射防止機能付アクリル系保護フィルム(DSG11、厚み47μm)を用いた。
[第1の位相差層の製造例]
(製造例N-1)
環状ポリオレフィン系ポリマーを主成分とする市販の高分子フィルム[JSR社製、商品名「ARTONフィルム FEKP100(厚み100μm)」]を、テンター延伸機を用いて、147℃で、フィルム幅が元のフィルム幅の4.3倍となるように幅方向に固定端一軸延伸した(横延伸工程)。得られたフィルムの厚みは23μmで、搬送方向に進相軸を有する負の二軸プレート(nx>ny>nz)であった。
環状ポリオレフィン系ポリマーを主成分とする市販の高分子フィルム[JSR社製、商品名「ARTONフィルム FEKP130(厚み130μm)」]を、テンター延伸機を用いて、温度145℃ で、フィルム幅が元のフィルム幅の3.0倍となるように幅方向に固定端一軸延伸した(横延伸工程)。得られたフィルムの厚みは20μmで、搬送方向に進相軸を有する負の二軸プレート(nx>ny>nz)であった。
環状オレフィン系樹脂(日本ゼオン社製ゼオノア1420R)を2軸溶融押出機で溶融混合した組成物を、Tダイを取り付けた1軸押出機で押出製膜し、厚さ30μmの環状オレフィン系樹脂フィルムを得た。
環状ポリオレフィン系ポリマーを主成分とする市販の高分子フィルム[JSR社製、商品名「ARTONフィルム FEKP100(厚み130μm)」]を、テンター延伸機を用いて、147℃で、フィルム幅が元のフィルム幅の3.4倍となるように幅方向に固定端一軸延伸した(横延伸工程)。得られたフィルムの厚みは38μmで、搬送方向に進相軸を有する負の二軸プレート(nx>ny>nz)であった。
(フマル酸エステル系樹脂の合成)
攪拌機、冷却管、窒素導入管および温度計を備えた30Lのオートクレーブに、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(信越化学製、商品名メトローズ60SH-50)48g、蒸留水15601g、フマル酸ジイソプロピル8161g、アクリル酸3-エチル-3-オキセタニルメチル240gおよび重合開始剤であるt-ブチルパーオキシピバレート45gを入れ、窒素バブリングを1時間行なった後、200rpmで攪拌しながら49℃で24時間保持することにより、ラジカル懸濁重合を行なった。次いで、室温まで冷却し、生成したポリマー粒子を含む懸濁液を遠心分離した。得られたポリマー粒子を蒸留水で2回及びメタノールで2回洗浄した後、80℃で減圧乾燥した(収率80%)。
得られたフマル酸エステル系樹脂を、トルエン・メチルエチルケトン混合溶液(トルエン/メチルエチルケトン50重量%/50重量%)に溶解して20%溶液とし、さらにフマル酸エステル系樹脂100重量部に対し、可塑剤としてトリブチルトリメリテート5重量部を添加した後、Tダイ法により溶液流延装置の支持基板に流延し、80℃及び130℃で各々4分間乾燥して、幅250mm、厚み18μmのフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムを、ロール延伸機を用いて、温度150℃、延伸倍率1.04 倍で、搬送方向に自由端一軸延伸した(縦延伸工程)。得られたフィルムの厚みは18μmで、搬送方向に進相軸を有する正の二軸プレート(nz>nx>ny)であった。
メカニカルスターラーを備えた3つ口の丸底フラスコに、ニトロベンゼン(900g)と1、2-ジクロロエタン(300g)との溶媒混合物を入れ、該混合物中で、ポリスチレン(50.0g)を攪拌し、溶解させた。この攪拌混合物に、硝酸(86.0g)と濃硫酸(100.0g)からなる混合酸(ニトロ/スチレン当量比=2/1)を、30分間、滴下することにより加えた。この混合物を窒素下において全部で22時間、室温で反応させた。水で薄めた水酸化ナトリウム中に生じた黄色の混合物を注いで、有機層を分離させ、その後、メタノール中で沈殿させて、固体の塊を与えた。この固体を、N、N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)中に溶解させ、メタノール中に再沈殿させた。得られた沈殿物を2時間攪拌し、ろ過し、メタノールで繰り返し洗浄し、真空下で乾燥させて、僅かにやや黄色の繊維状粉末を得た。収率は、全体で95%以上であった。
得られたポリ(ニトロスチレン)系樹脂を、シクロペンタノンに溶解して20%溶液とし、Tダイ法により溶液流延装置の支持基板に流延し、40℃及び130℃で、各々4分間乾燥した後、真空下で乾燥させることで、幅250mm、厚み3μmのフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムを、ロール延伸機を用いて、温度184℃、延伸倍率1.06倍で、搬送方向に自由端一軸延伸した(縦延伸工程)。得られたフィルムの厚みは3μmで、搬送方向に進相軸を有する正の二軸プレート(nz>nx>ny)であった。
ポリスチレン樹脂(出光興産社製「ザレック130ZC」)のペレット状樹脂を、単軸押出機とTダイを用いて、290℃で押出し、得られたシート状の溶融樹脂を冷却ドラムで冷却して、厚み20μmのフィルムを得た。このフィルムを、ロール延伸機を用いて、温度125℃、延伸倍率1.5倍で、搬送方向に自由端一軸延伸して、搬送方向に進相軸を有する位相差フィルムを得た(縦延伸工程)。得られたフィルムを、テンター延伸機を用いて、温度130℃で、フィルム幅が前記縦延伸後のフィルム幅の1.6倍となるように幅方向に固定端一軸延伸して、厚み10μm の二軸延伸フィルムを得た(横延伸工程)。得られたフィルムは、搬送方向に進相軸を有する正の二軸プレート(nz>nx>ny)であった。
スチレン-無水マレイン酸共重合体(ノヴァ・ケミカル・ジャパン社製、製品名「ダイラークD232」)のペレット状樹脂を、単軸押出機及びT ダイを用いて、270℃で押出し、得られたシート状の溶融樹脂を冷却ドラムで冷却して、厚み77μmのフィルムを得た。このフィルムを、ロール延伸機を用いて、温度130℃、延伸倍率1.7倍で、搬送方向に自由端一軸延伸して、搬送方向に進相軸を有する位相差フィルムを得た(縦延伸工程)。得られたフィルムを、テンター延伸機を用いて、温度135℃で、フィルム幅が前記縦延伸後のフィルム幅の1.8倍となるように幅方向に固定端一軸延伸して、厚み33μmの二軸延伸フィルムを得た(横延伸工程)。得られたフィルムは、搬送方向に進相軸を有するポジティブ二軸プレート(nz>nx>ny)であった。
上述の第1の偏光子製造例により作製した、PETフィルムに積層された厚みが5μmの偏光子に対し、PETとは反対側の面に、UV硬化型接着剤を介して、上述の方法により作成された第1の位相差層N-1を貼り合せた。さらに、この積層体からPETフィルムを剥離した後、UV硬化型接着剤を介して、反射防止機能付アクリル系保護フィルムを貼り合せた。さらに、この積層体の第1の位相差層N-1が積層された側の面に、さらに第2の位相差層P-1を、アクリル系粘着剤(厚み5μm)を介して、これらの搬送方向が平行となるようにロール・トゥー・ロール方式で積層して、第1の偏光板を得た。
上述の第2の偏光子製造例により作製した、PETフィルムに積層された厚みが5μmの偏光子に対し、PETとは反対側の面に、UV硬化型接着剤を介して厚さ40μmのアクリル系保護フィルム貼り合せた。さらに、この積層体からPETフィルムを剥離して、アクリル系保護フィルムと積層された第2の偏光板を得た。
(実施例1)
IPS方式の液晶セルを備えるスレート型PC(米国アップル社製iPad Retinaディスプレイモデル)から液晶パネルを取り出し、液晶セルの上下に配置されていた偏光板を取り除いて、該液晶セルの両側のガラス面を洗浄した。続いて、上記液晶セルの視認側の表面に、上述の方法で作製した第1の偏光板を、偏光子の吸収軸が該液晶セルの初期配向方向に対して直交するように、アクリル系粘着剤(厚み15μm)を介して積層した。次いで、上記液晶セルの光源側の表面に、上記の方法で作製した第2の偏光板を、偏光子の吸収軸方向と、該液晶セルの初期配向方向とが平行となるように、アクリル系粘着剤(厚み15μm)を介して積層し、液晶パネルを得た。
上記、第1の偏光板の製造例において、第1の位相差層N-1と第2の位相差層P-1を、それぞれN-2、N-3、及び、P-2、P-3に代えることによって、第1の偏光板を得た。さらに、得られた第1の偏光板を用いて、上記実施例1と同様に液晶パネルを作製した。
上記、第1の偏光板の製造例において、第1の位相差層N-1と第2の位相差層P-1を、光硬化型の接着剤(貯蔵弾性率2.6×106、厚み2μm)を介して積層させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして液晶パネルを作製した。
上記、第1の偏光板の製造例において、第1の位相差層N-2と第2の位相差層P-2を、光硬化型の接着剤(貯蔵弾性率4.0×105、厚み2μm)を介して積層させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして液晶パネルを作製した。
上記、第1の偏光板の製造例において、第1の位相差層N-3と第2の位相差層P-3を、光硬化型の接着剤(貯蔵弾性率9.0×107、厚み2μm)を介して積層させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして液晶パネルを作製した。
室温23℃の暗室において液晶表示装置に黒画像を表示させ、ELDIM社製の製品名「EZContrast 160D」により、輝度(XYZ表示系のY値)を測定し、極角60°における、方位角0~360°における黒輝度の平均値を求めた。結果を表2に示す。ここで、「極角」は、液晶表示装置の画面に垂直な法線からの傾斜角、「方位角」は、画面を正面から見て、時計板の3時方向に相当する方向から反時計廻りの角度を表わす。
10 液晶セル
11 第1の偏光子
12 第1の位相差層
13 第2の位相差層
14、15 粘着剤層
16 保護層
17 反射防止層
21 第2の偏光子
22、24 粘着剤層
23 保護層
25 輝度向上フィルム
Claims (2)
- 電界無印加状態で面内一方向に配向した液晶分子を含む液晶層を備える液晶セルと、
該液晶セルの一方の側に配置された第1の偏光子と、
吸収軸が前記第1の偏光子の吸収軸と直交するように該液晶セルの他方の側に配置された第2の偏光子と、
を備え、
前記第1の偏光子と前記液晶セルとの間には、該第1の偏光子の側から順に、第1の位相差層と第2の位相差層とが配置され、前記第1の位相差層は、面内の遅相軸x方向の屈折率をnx1、進相軸方向の屈折率をny1、厚みz方向の屈折率をnz1としたとき、nx1>ny1>nz1の関係を満たすものであり、前記第2の位相差層は、面内の遅相軸x方向の屈折率をnx2、進相軸方向の屈折率をny2、厚みz方向の屈折率をnz2としたとき、nz2>nx2>ny2の関係を満たすものであり、前記第1の位相差層の遅相軸と前記第2の位相差層の遅相軸とが平行に配置された液晶パネルにおいて、
前記第1の偏光子と前記第2の偏光子の各々は、厚みが10μm以下であり、単体透過率が40.0%以上、偏光度が99.8%以上の光学特性を有するものであり、
前記第2の偏光子は、その吸収軸が電界無印加状態における前記液晶セルの液晶分子の配向方向に平行になる配置で粘着剤層を介して前記液晶セルに直接接着され、
前記液晶セルとは反対側の前記第2の偏光子の面には、厚みが10~50μmで、透湿度が200g/m2以下の保護層が粘着剤層を介して貼り合わされており、
前記第1の位相差層は、厚みが25μm以下、透湿度が200g/m2以下であり、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx1と進相軸方向の屈折率ny1との差であるΔnxy1の値が0.0036以上、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx1と厚みz方向の屈折率nz1との差であるΔnxz1の値が0.0041以上とされて、面内位相差Reが90nm~140nmの範囲内で、かつ、該第1の位相差層の厚みをd1としたとき、Rth=(nx1-nz1)xd1で表される厚み方向位相差Rthが100nm~240nmの範囲内にされており、 前記第2の位相差層は、厚みが20μm以下であり、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx2と進相軸方向の屈折率ny2との差であるΔnxy2の値が0.0008以上、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx2と厚みz方向の屈折率nz2との差であるΔnxz2の値が-0.0030以下とされて、面内位相差Reが15nm~50nmの範囲内で、かつ、該第2の位相差層の厚みをd2としたとき、Rth=(nx2-nz2)xd2で表される厚み方向位相差Rthが-110nm~-60nmの範囲内にされており、
前記第1の偏光子には、前記第1の位相差層とは反対側の面に、厚みが50μm以下で透湿度が200g/m2以下の保護層が設けられた
ことを特徴とする液晶パネル。 - 電界無印加状態で面内一方向に配向した液晶分子を含む液晶層を備える液晶セルと、該液晶セルの両側に吸収軸が互いに直交するように配置された一対の偏光子とを備える液晶パネルにおいて、該液晶セルと一方の偏光子との間に配置して使用される偏光子と位相差層との積層体であって、
前記一方の偏光子に隣接して配置される第1の位相差層と、該第1の位相差層に貼り合わされた第2の位相差層とを含み、
前記第1の位相差層は、面内の遅相軸x方向の屈折率をnx1、進相軸方向の屈折率をny1、厚みz方向の屈折率をnz1としたとき、nx1>ny1>nz1の関係を満たすものであり、前記第2の位相差層は、面内の遅相軸x方向の屈折率をnx2、進相軸方向の屈折率をny2、厚みz方向の屈折率をnz2としたとき、nz2>nx2>ny2の関係を満たすものであり、前記第1の位相差層の遅相軸と前記第2の位相差層の遅相軸とが平行に配置され、
前記第1の位相差層は、厚みが25μm以下、透湿度が200g/m2以下であり、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx1と進相軸方向の屈折率ny1との差であるΔnxy1の値が0.0036以上、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx1と厚みz方向の屈折率nz1との差であるΔnxz1の値が0.0041以上とされて、面内位相差Reが90nm~140nmの範囲内で、かつ、該第1の位相差層の厚みをd1としたとき、Rth=(nx1-nz1)xd1で表される厚み方向位相差Rthが100nm~240nmの範囲内にされており、
前記第2の位相差層は、厚みが20μm以下であり、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx2と進相軸方向の屈折率ny2との差であるΔnxy2の値が0.0008以上、遅相軸方向の屈折率nx2と厚みz方向の屈折率nz2との差であるΔnxz2の値が-0.0030以下とされて、面内位相差Reが15nm~50nmの範囲内で、かつ、該第2の位相差層の厚みをd2としたとき、Rth=(nx2-nz2)xd2で表される厚み方向位相差Rthが-110nm~-60nmの範囲内にされており、
前記第1の位相差層の遅相軸と前記第2の位相差層の遅相軸とが平行に配置された
ことを特徴とする、偏光子と位相差層との積層体。
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- 2014-05-09 JP JP2014097503A patent/JP6159290B2/ja active Active
- 2014-09-03 KR KR1020177022051A patent/KR101872781B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-09-03 CN CN201480003208.7A patent/CN104871079A/zh active Pending
- 2014-09-03 KR KR1020157013472A patent/KR20150074147A/ko active Application Filing
- 2014-09-03 EP EP14858217.4A patent/EP2921902A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-09-03 WO PCT/JP2014/073160 patent/WO2015064205A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-09-03 US US14/646,355 patent/US9927656B2/en active Active
- 2014-09-17 TW TW103132067A patent/TWI588569B/zh active
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2017
- 2017-10-04 US US15/724,726 patent/US20180039138A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104871079A (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
JP2015111236A (ja) | 2015-06-18 |
US20150293407A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
TWI588569B (zh) | 2017-06-21 |
KR101872781B1 (ko) | 2018-07-31 |
KR20150074147A (ko) | 2015-07-01 |
US9927656B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
KR20170094013A (ko) | 2017-08-16 |
US20180039138A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
EP2921902A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
JP6159290B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
EP2921902A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
TW201527837A (zh) | 2015-07-16 |
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