WO2015060335A1 - 共重合ポリエステル樹脂 - Google Patents
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- WO2015060335A1 WO2015060335A1 PCT/JP2014/078059 JP2014078059W WO2015060335A1 WO 2015060335 A1 WO2015060335 A1 WO 2015060335A1 JP 2014078059 W JP2014078059 W JP 2014078059W WO 2015060335 A1 WO2015060335 A1 WO 2015060335A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
- C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/672—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/84—Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, rare-earth metals, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/87—Non-metals or inter-compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08L67/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the carboxyl- and the hydroxy groups directly linked to aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J167/00—Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J167/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J167/00—Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J167/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C09J167/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the carboxyl - and the hydroxy groups directly linked to aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/50—Physical properties
- C08G2261/63—Viscosity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copolyester resin. More specifically, the present invention relates to a copolyester resin that is excellent in transparency, has few foreign matters, and has a high degree of clarity.
- Polyesters represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), etc. are excellent in mechanical properties and chemical properties.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- clothing It is used in a wide range of fields such as fibers for industrial and industrial materials, films and sheets for packaging, magnetic tape, optics, bottles that are hollow molded products, casings for electrical and electronic parts, and other engineering plastic molded products. ing.
- copolyesters obtained by copolymerizing the above polyesters with other glycol components have attracted attention.
- copolymers of neopentyl glycol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol are characterized by being amorphous and having a high glass transition point, and are widely used in the field of films and the like. Polyesters and methods for producing the same are disclosed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 5).
- a polyester is produced by an esterification reaction or a transesterification reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and / or an ester-forming derivative thereof and a diol and / or an ester-forming derivative thereof, and this is produced using a catalyst at high temperature under vacuum.
- a catalyst at high temperature under vacuum.
- antimony compounds, germanium compounds, and titanium compounds have been widely used as polyester polycondensation catalysts used in such polycondensation of polyesters.
- Antimony trioxide is an inexpensive catalyst with excellent catalytic activity. However, if it is used in an amount of such a main component, that is, a practical polymerization rate, metal antimony is used during polycondensation. As a result of precipitation, darkening and foreign matter are generated in the polyester.
- Titanium compounds have already been put to practical use as catalysts capable of obtaining polyesters that have excellent catalytic activity other than antimony compounds and do not have the above problems, but titanium compounds typified by tetraalkoxy titanates can be used. Polyesters produced using these materials are prone to thermal degradation during melt molding, and the polyesters are remarkably colored.
- the polyester obtained by the above polycondensation catalyst system has good color tone, transparency and thermal stability and meets the above requirements.
- the characteristic that the degree of foreign matter is small and the degree of clarity is high has not reached a sufficiently satisfactory level, and improvement thereof has been strongly desired.
- a polyester copolymerized with neopentyl glycol is produced using the method of Patent Document 5, a large amount of foreign matter is a problem.
- the present invention provides a copolymer polyester having a high clarity, excellent color tone and heat resistance as compared with conventionally known copolymer polyesters, and further catalyzing metal components other than antimony and titanium.
- the copolymer polyester which can be manufactured with the polycondensation catalyst used as the main metal component is provided.
- this invention consists of the following structures.
- Copolyester resin comprising a dicarboxylic acid component and a diol component as constituents, comprising 90 mol% or more of terephthalic acid as the dicarboxylic acid component, 39 to 79 mol% of ethylene glycol as the diol component, neo Sample containing 20 to 60 mol% of pentyl glycol and 1 to 5 mol% of diethylene glycol, having a reduced viscosity of 0.50 dl / g or more and a thickness of 0.8 to 0.9 mm of the copolyester resin.
- the copolymerized polyester resin contains at least one selected from an aluminum compound and at least one selected from a phosphorus compound as a polymerization catalyst, described in (1) or (2) Copolyester resin.
- the dicarboxylic acid component and the diol component are esterified, and the carboxylic acid group terminal concentration of the reaction intermediate oligomer after the esterification reaction is 400 to 900 eq / ton, and the hydroxyl group terminal concentration is 700 to 1400 eq / ton.
- the copolyester resin according to any one of (1) to (3) which is obtained by performing a polycondensation reaction afterwards.
- a heat shrinkable film comprising the copolyester resin according to any one of (1) to (5).
- a molded article comprising the copolymerized polyester resin according to any one of (1) to (5).
- a sheet comprising the copolyester resin according to any one of (1) to (5).
- An adhesive comprising the copolyester resin according to any one of (1) to (5).
- the copolymerized polyester according to the present invention is widely used as a material for various molded products such as films, sheets, hollow molded containers, engineering plastics, fibers, etc., because contamination with foreign matters is suppressed and the degree of clarity is high.
- it is suitable as a material for a molded product that requires a high degree of clarity.
- it is suitable as a material for optical use products that require a high degree of clarity.
- the copolymerized polyester resin according to the present invention comprises a dicarboxylic acid component containing 90 mol% or more of terephthalic acid residues, a diol component of 39 to 79 mol% of ethylene glycol residues, 20 to 60 mol% of neopentyl glycol residues and a diethylene glycol residue. It contains 1 to 5 mol% of groups.
- the “copolyester resin” includes a polymerization catalyst compound to be described later, and foreign matters that are formed by insolubilizing, aggregating and depositing the polymerization catalyst compound by forming an inorganic salt or an organic salt in the polymerization system. Although it can be said to be a kind of “composition” in that it contains something other than a chemical substance called “copolymerized polyester”, the amount of the polymerization catalyst compound and foreign matter is very small. Resin ".
- terephthalic acid in the dicarboxylic acid component is preferably 90 mol% or more, which is preferable from the viewpoint of satisfying the mechanical properties required when the film or molded body is formed.
- the terephthalic acid in the dicarboxylic acid component is preferably 97 mol% or more, more preferably 98 mol% or more. It is also a preferred embodiment that terephthalic acid is 100 mol%.
- an ester-forming derivative of terephthalic acid (such as dimethyl terephthalate) can also be used.
- Dicarboxylic acid components other than terephthalic acid components include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, hexadecane Dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 2,5-norbornanedicarboxylic acid Saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids exemplified by acids, dimer acids, etc.
- esters-forming derivatives thereof unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids exemplified by fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, etc., or ester-forming derivatives thereof, orthophthal Acid, a Phthalic acid, 5- (alkali metal) sulfoisophthalic acid, diphenic acid, 1,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenylsulfone dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis (phenoxy) ethane-p, p'-dicarboxylic acid, pamoic acid, anthracene dicarboxylic acid Aromatic dicarboxylic acids exemplified in the above and their
- dicarboxylic acids isophthalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid are preferable in terms of physical properties of the polyester, and other dicarboxylic acids may be added as a constituent as necessary.
- a polyvalent carboxylic acid may be used in combination if the amount is small.
- the polyvalent carboxylic acid include ethanetricarboxylic acid, propanetricarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, trimellitic acid, trimesic acid, and 3,4,3 ', 4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid.
- These polyvalent carboxylic acids are preferably 3 mol% or less with respect to 100 mol% of all dicarboxylic acid components.
- the copolymer polyester resin of the present invention contains 39 to 79 mol% of ethylene glycol, 20 to 60 mol% of neopentyl glycol, and 1 to 5 mol% of diethylene glycol as diol components. It is preferable at the point which can obtain the polyester resin used for the various uses which heightened.
- ethylene glycol is preferably 40 to 77 mol%, more preferably 42 to 75 mol%.
- neopentyl glycol is preferably 22 to 58 mol%, more preferably 24 to 56 mol%.
- diethylene glycol is preferably 1 to 3 mol%.
- diol component three components of ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and diethylene glycol occupy 90 mol% or more of the total diol component, and more preferably 95 mol% or more.
- a diol component it is also a preferable aspect that it is 100 mol% with three components of ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and diethylene glycol.
- Diethylene glycol may be prepared as a raw material, or may be obtained by condensation of ethylene glycol during polymerization.
- diols include 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene.
- Glycol 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexane Examples include dimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol, 1,10-decamethylene glycol, 1,12-dodecanediol, polyethylene glycol, polytrimethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, etc.
- 1,3-propylene glycol 1,4-butylene glycol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol are preferred.
- ethylene glycol derived from biomass resources can be used as long as the purpose of the copolymer polyester of the present invention is not impaired.
- polyhydric alcohols may be used in combination if the amount is small.
- examples of the polyhydric alcohol include trimethylolmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, glycerol, hexanetriol, and the like. These polyhydric alcohols are preferably 3 mol% or less with respect to 100 mol% of all diol components.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid may be used in combination.
- examples of the hydroxycarboxylic acid include lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p- (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzoic acid, 4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid, or These ester-forming derivatives are exemplified.
- These hydroxycarboxylic acids are preferably 3 mol% or less with respect to 100 mol% of all dicarboxylic acid components.
- cyclic esters examples include ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, glycolide, lactide and the like. These cyclic esters are preferably 3 mol% or less with respect to 100 mol% of all dicarboxylic acid components.
- ester-forming derivatives of dicarboxylic acid, polyvalent carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid include alkyl esters and hydroxylalkyl esters of these compounds.
- An ester-forming derivative may be used as the diol component, and examples of the diol ester-forming derivative include esters of diol with lower aliphatic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid.
- the reduced viscosity of the copolyester resin of the present invention is 0.50 dl / g or more.
- the reduced viscosity is preferably 0.60 dl / g or more, more preferably 0.65 dl / g or more, and further preferably 0.70 dl / g or more.
- a preferable upper limit of the reduced viscosity is about 1.00 dl / g.
- the polymerization catalyst used in the present invention is a polymerization catalyst characterized by having an ability to promote esterification.
- a polymerization catalyst containing at least one selected from aluminum compounds and at least one selected from phosphorus compounds is preferable.
- a known aluminum compound can be used without limitation as the aluminum compound constituting the polymerization catalyst to be used.
- the aluminum compound examples include aluminum acetate, basic aluminum acetate, aluminum lactate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide chloride, aluminum acetylacetonate, organoaluminum compounds such as aluminum oxalate, and parts thereof.
- examples include hydrolysates.
- carboxylate, inorganic acid salt and chelate compound are preferable, and among these, aluminum acetate, basic aluminum acetate, aluminum lactate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide chloride and aluminum acetylacetonate are more preferable, Aluminum acetate, basic aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide chloride are more preferred, and aluminum acetate and basic aluminum acetate are most preferred.
- the amount of the aluminum compound used in the polymerization catalyst according to the present invention is preferably such that 1 to 80 ppm, more preferably 2 to 60 ppm, remains as aluminum atoms with respect to the total mass of the resulting copolymerized polyester resin. More preferably, it is 3 to 50 ppm, particularly preferably 5 to 40 ppm, and most preferably 10 to 30 ppm. If it is less than the above, the catalyst activity may be poor, and if it exceeds the above, aluminum-based foreign matter may be generated. Even if the aluminum compound is placed in a reduced pressure environment at the time of polyester polymerization, since almost 100% of the used amount remains, it may be considered that the used amount becomes the remaining amount.
- the phosphorus compound used for the polymerization catalyst is not particularly limited, but the use of a phosphonic acid compound or a phosphinic acid compound is highly preferable for improving the catalytic activity. Among these, the use of a phosphonic acid compound is effective for improving the catalytic activity. Is particularly large and preferred.
- phosphorus compounds having a phenol moiety in the same molecule are preferred. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a phosphorus compound having a phenol structure, but it is a catalyst if one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of phosphonic acid compounds and phosphinic acid compounds having a phenol moiety in the same molecule are used.
- the effect of improving the activity is large and preferable.
- the use of a phosphonic acid compound having a phenol moiety in one or two or more of the same molecules is particularly preferable because the effect of improving the catalytic activity is particularly large.
- examples of the phosphorus compound having a phenol moiety in the same molecule include compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) and (2).
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms including a phenol part, a hydroxyl group, a halogen group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group or the like, and a carbon number 1 including a phenol part.
- R 4 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, including a substituent such as hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a halogen group, an alkoxyl group, or an amino group.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms including a substituent such as a hydroxyl group or an alkoxyl group.
- the group may contain a branched structure, an alicyclic structure such as cyclohexyl, or an aromatic ring structure such as phenyl or naphthyl, and the ends of R 2 and R 4 may be bonded to each other.
- Examples of the phosphorus compound having a phenol moiety in the same molecule include p-hydroxyphenylphosphonic acid, dimethyl p-hydroxyphenylphosphonate, diethyl p-hydroxyphenylphosphonate, diphenyl p-hydroxyphenylphosphonate, bis ( p-hydroxyphenyl) phosphinic acid, methyl bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) phosphinate, phenyl bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) phosphinate, p-hydroxyphenylphenylphosphinic acid, methyl p-hydroxyphenylphenylphosphinate, p-hydroxy Examples include phenyl phenylphenylphosphinate, p-hydroxyphenylphosphinic acid, methyl p-hydroxyphenylphosphinate, and phenyl p-hydroxyphenylphosphinate.
- Other examples include phosphorus compounds represented by the following general formula (3).
- X 1 and X 2 each represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a monovalent or higher metal. Moreover, X 1 is metal be two or more valences, X 2 may be absent. Furthermore, an anion corresponding to the surplus valence of the metal may be arranged with respect to the phosphorus compound.
- the metal Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Al are preferable.
- the catalytic activity of the aluminum compound is improved and the thermal stability of the polymerized copolyester resin is also improved.
- the phosphorus compound preferably used as the polycondensation catalyst is at least one phosphorus compound selected from the compounds represented by the chemical formula (4) and the chemical formula (5).
- Irganox 1222 (manufactured by BASF) is commercially available.
- Irganox 1425 (manufactured by BASF) is commercially available and can be used.
- the amount of the phosphorus compound used in the polymerization catalyst according to the present invention is preferably 10 to 100 ppm, more preferably 15 to 90 ppm, as phosphorus atoms, with respect to the total mass of the resulting copolymerized polyester resin. More preferably, it is 20 to 80 ppm, particularly preferably 25 to 70 ppm, and most preferably 30 to 60 ppm. If the amount of phosphorus atoms exceeding the upper and lower limits remains, the polymerization activity may be reduced. When the phosphorus compound is placed in a reduced pressure environment during polyester polymerization, about 10 to 30% of the amount used is removed from the system depending on the conditions. Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to determine the amount of use after conducting trial experiments several times and determining the residual ratio of the phosphorus compound in the polyester.
- the heat resistance of the resin can be improved by using a phosphorus compound.
- the cause is not certain, it is considered that the heat resistance of the copolyester resin is improved by the hindered phenol moiety in the phosphorus compound.
- the residual amount of the phosphorus compound is less than 10 ppm, the effect of improving the heat resistance is reduced, and as a result, the heat resistance and coloring improvement effect of the copolymerized polyester resin of the present invention may not be seen.
- a metal-containing polycondensation catalyst such as an antimony compound, a titanium compound, a tin compound, or a germanium compound may be used in combination in order to further improve the catalytic activity.
- the antimony compound is preferably 30 ppm or less as an antimony atom with respect to the mass of the obtained copolyester resin
- the germanium compound is preferably 10 ppm or less as a germanium atom with respect to the mass of the copolyester resin to be obtained.
- the titanium compound is preferably 3 ppm or less as a titanium atom with respect to the mass of the obtained copolymerized polyester resin, and the tin compound has 3 ppm or less as a tin atom with respect to the mass of the obtained copolymerized polyester resin.
- metal-containing polycondensation catalysts such as antimony compounds, titanium compounds, tin compounds and germanium compounds as much as possible.
- a small amount of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and at least one selected from the compound may coexist as the second metal-containing component.
- the coexistence of such a second metal-containing component in the catalyst system is effective in improving productivity by obtaining a catalyst component having an increased reaction rate in addition to an effect of suppressing the formation of diethylene glycol, and thus a higher reaction rate.
- the amount used (mol%) is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 with respect to the number of moles of the dicarboxylic acid component constituting the copolymer polyester resin. -5 to 0.01 mol%.
- Alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, or a compound thereof may be considered to be a residual amount because almost 100% of the usage amount remains even when placed in a reduced pressure environment during polyester polymerization.
- the polymerization catalyst according to the present invention has catalytic activity not only in the polycondensation reaction but also in the esterification reaction and transesterification reaction.
- the transesterification reaction between an alkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid such as dimethyl terephthalate and a glycol such as ethylene glycol is usually carried out in the presence of a transesterification catalyst such as zinc.
- the catalyst of the present invention is used in place of these catalysts. You can also
- the polymerization catalyst according to the present invention has catalytic activity not only in melt polymerization but also in solid phase polymerization or solution polymerization.
- the polyester polymerization catalyst used in the present invention can be added to the reaction system at any stage of the polymerization reaction.
- it can be added to the reaction system at any stage before and during the esterification reaction or transesterification reaction, immediately before the start of the polycondensation reaction, or at any stage during the polycondensation reaction.
- the aluminum compound and the phosphorus compound according to the present invention are preferably added immediately before the start of the polycondensation reaction.
- the polymerization method of the copolyester resin is not particularly limited, and is a direct esterification method of a dicarboxylic acid component such as terephthalic acid and a diol component such as ethylene glycol, or an alkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid component such as terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
- An oligomer of a dicarboxylic acid component such as terephthalic acid and a diol component such as ethylene glycol is obtained by a transesterification method with a diol component of the diol component, and then melt-polymerized under normal pressure or reduced pressure to obtain a copolymer polyester resin. Obtainable.
- Manufacture of the copolyester resin of this invention can be performed by the method provided with the conventionally well-known process.
- terephthalic acid as an acid component ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol as a diol component are directly reacted, water is distilled off for esterification, and then polyesterification is carried out under reduced pressure, or acid It is produced by a transesterification method in which dimethyl terephthalate is reacted as a component, ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol are reacted as a diol component, methyl alcohol is distilled off and transesterified, and then polycondensation is performed under reduced pressure.
- the esterification reaction or transesterification reaction may be performed in one stage or may be performed in multiple stages.
- the melt polycondensation reaction may be performed in one stage or may be performed in multiple stages.
- the direct esterification method from the above-mentioned direct esterification method and transesterification method in terms of productivity, cost, and environmental aspects related to the treatment of the distillate.
- the reaction intermediate oligomer after completion of the esterification reaction is preferably such that the carboxyl group end concentration is 400 to 900 eq / ton and the hydroxyl group end concentration is 700 to 1400 eq / ton. Thereby, it has sufficient reaction rate of a polycondensation reaction, and can suppress precipitation of the foreign material which consists of a catalyst compound.
- the physical properties of the reaction intermediate oligomer are more preferably a carboxylic acid group terminal concentration of 500 to 800 eq / ton and a hydroxyl group terminal concentration of 800 to 1300 eq / ton.
- the lower limit of the carboxylic acid group terminal concentration of the reaction intermediate oligomer is more preferably 550 eq / ton, particularly preferably 600 eq / ton, the upper limit is further preferably 780 eq / ton, and particularly preferably 750 eq / ton.
- the lower limit of the hydroxyl group terminal concentration of the reaction intermediate oligomer is more preferably 1000 eq / ton, particularly preferably 1100 eq / ton, and the upper limit is more preferably 1250 eq / ton.
- the oligomer is a reaction intermediate after the esterification reaction (or transesterification reaction) and before the polycondensation reaction. When an unreacted raw material exists, the reaction intermediate including them is indicated.
- the aluminum compound When the carboxylic acid group terminal concentration is more than 900 eq / ton, or when the hydroxyl group terminal concentration is less than 700 eq / ton, the aluminum compound may be insolubilized in the system and foreign matter may be generated. This is considered to be because the terminal of the carboxylic acid group forms a salt with aluminum. In particular, a copolymer system having a group derived from neopentyl glycol in the molecular chain tends to form an aluminum carboxylate. Further, when the carboxylic acid group terminal concentration is less than 400 eq / ton, or when the hydroxyl group terminal concentration is more than 1400 eq / ton, the reaction rate of polycondensation may be slow.
- the measurement of the number of foreign matters in the copolymerized polyester resin of the present invention uses a method of measuring the size and number of particles by image analysis from the image of particles in the polymer observed using a phase contrast optical microscope.
- a phase-contrast optical microscope can convert a slight delay (phase difference) in the wavelength of light transmitted through an object with a different refractive index into light and dark contrast using light diffraction and refraction. It is also suitable for observing foreign particles that appear colorless and transparent in the polymer.
- the observed image can be taken into an image analysis apparatus as electronic data, and the particle diameter (area circle equivalent diameter) and number can be measured.
- the visual field area and depth of focus are determined depending on the magnification and aperture of the lens used.
- the brightness of the obtained image is dark, and there are cases where sufficient observation cannot be performed with a lens having a large magnification.
- the thickness of the sample to be observed needs to be sufficiently thick with respect to the focal depth of the objective lens. In order to satisfy these conditions, in the present invention, observation is performed using a lens having a magnification of 10 times and an aperture of 0.5 of a phase contrast objective lens of a phase contrast optical microscope.
- the number of foreign matters in the copolymerized polyester resin of the present invention is measured by the following procedure from a sample in which the thickness of the copolymerized polyester resin is 0.8 to 0.9 mm, and the particle diameter is 5 ⁇ m per square mm. It refers to the number of foreign particles above.
- Measurement by the image analysis apparatus is performed according to the following procedure.
- the obtained image is converted into an electronic signal.
- the converted image data is a monochrome image, and the contrast of the image is composed of 256 gradations from 0 (black) to 255 (white).
- a binarization process that clearly separates the boundary between the object of the image (coarse inorganic particles) and the background (polymer), the particles are white, the background is black (or vice versa, the particles are black, the background Is white).
- the particle diameter (area circle equivalent diameter) and number are calculated from the number of dots (dots) constituting the image.
- the obtained results are data in which the unit area is converted according to the actual scale of the image and the number is divided for each particle size.
- the measurement is usually performed for 20 to 40 fields of view, and the measurement result is converted into a field of view per square mm.
- the number of foreign particles having a particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more measured by the above method needs to be 100 or less per square mm.
- the number of foreign particles exceeds 100, it becomes a foreign matter on the surface of the film, not only the appearance and quality is deteriorated, but also the foreign matter that is further agglomerated, accumulated and coarsened in the melting process when manufacturing polymers and films.
- the back pressure rises, or the film is perforated from coarse foreign matters mixed in the film after passing through the filter, and stable production cannot be performed for a long time.
- the number of foreign matters in the copolymerized polyester resin of the present invention is preferably 30 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- the foreign matter is a catalyst metal compound that forms an inorganic salt or an organic salt in a polymerization system, insolubilizes, aggregates and precipitates.
- the copolymer polyester resin of the present invention preferably has a color L value of 60 or more in order to satisfy good transparency and color tone when formed into a film. In order to obtain good heat resistance, the color b value is preferably 6 or less.
- the manufacturing method of a polyester film is not limited to the following.
- a copolyester resin polymerized using the above specific catalyst is melt-extruded and formed into a sheet form on a cooling rotating roll from a T-die to produce an unstretched sheet.
- high-speed film formation is possible.
- the oriented polyester film can be obtained by stretching 1.1 to 6 times at least in the uniaxial direction at a temperature not less than the glass transition temperature of the polyester and less than the crystallization temperature using a known method.
- a sequential biaxial stretching method in which uniaxial stretching is performed in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, and then stretching in the orthogonal direction
- a simultaneous biaxial stretching method in which stretching is performed simultaneously in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
- a linear motor as the driving method for simultaneous biaxial stretching
- several times in the same direction such as horizontal / longitudinal / longitudinal stretching, longitudinal / horizontal / longitudinal stretching, and longitudinal / vertical / horizontal stretching
- a heat setting treatment is performed at a temperature of (melting point ⁇ 50 ° C.) to less than the melting point within 30 seconds, preferably within 10 seconds.
- % Longitudinal relaxation treatment, lateral relaxation treatment, etc. are preferably performed.
- the thickness of the obtained oriented polyester film is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m. If it is less than 1 ⁇ m, there is no waist and handling is difficult. Moreover, when it exceeds 1000 micrometers, it will be too hard and handling will become difficult.
- the surface of the oriented polyester film may be coated with a polymer resin by a coating method. Good. Moreover, it is good also as a slippery highly transparent polyester film by making an inorganic and / or organic particle
- the copolymerized polyester resin of the present invention can be suitably used for a heat-shrinkable film or the like by taking advantage of its characteristics. Moreover, as uses other than a film, it can use suitably for a transparent molding container, an adhesive binder, etc.
- Antimony atom 1 g of a sample was wet-decomposed with a mixed solution of sulfuric acid / hydrogen peroxide solution. Next, sodium nitrite was added to make Sb atoms Sb 5+, and brilliant green was added to form a blue complex with Sb. After this complex was extracted with toluene, the absorbance at a wavelength of 625 nm was measured using an absorptiometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, UV-150-02), and the amount of Sb atoms in the sample was compared with a calibration curve prepared in advance. The color was determined.
- a mixed solution of sulfuric acid / nitric acid / perchloric acid or a mixed solution of sulfuric acid / hydrogen peroxide. was defined as orthophosphoric acid.
- molybdate was reacted in a 1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution to form phosphomolybdic acid, which was reduced with hydrazine sulfate to produce heteropoly blue.
- Absorbance at a wavelength of 830 nm was measured with an absorptiometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, UV-150-02). The amount of phosphorus atoms in the sample was quantified from a calibration curve prepared in advance
- the image was taken into an image analysis apparatus (manufactured by Nireco, Luzex-FS) via a CCD camera, image analysis was performed, and the number of particles of 5 ⁇ m or more was measured. The same measurement was performed 20 times while changing the field of view, the total number of particles was obtained, and the number of particles of 5 ⁇ m or more per 1 square mm of the field of view area was calculated and used as the number of foreign matters in the copolyester resin.
- image analysis apparatus manufactured by Nireco, Luzex-FS
- k ⁇ P (MPa / h) / (Q (kg / h) / S (cm 2 )) ( ⁇ P is the pressure increase per hour (MPa), Q is the discharge rate per hour (kg / h), S is the area of the filter (cm 2 )) ⁇ : k ⁇ 5 ⁇ : 5 ⁇ k ⁇ 10 X: k> 10
- the solution was filtered through a glass filter (3G) to obtain an aqueous solution of an aluminum compound.
- 3G glass filter
- 2.0 liters of an aqueous solution of the aluminum compound and 2.0 liters of ethylene glycol were charged into a flask equipped with a distillation apparatus at room temperature and normal pressure. After stirring at 200 rpm for 30 minutes, a uniform water / ethylene glycol mixed solution was prepared. Obtained.
- the jacket temperature was then changed to 110 ° C. and the temperature was raised, and water was distilled off from the solution. When the amount of distilled water reached 2.0 liters, the heating was stopped and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature to obtain an ethylene glycol solution of an aluminum compound.
- Example 1 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a distillation cooler was charged with 2130 parts of terephthalic acid, 1140 parts of ethylene glycol, and 815 parts of neopentyl glycol, 0.7 parts of triethylamine was added, and under a pressure of 0.35 MPa, The temperature was gradually raised from 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the esterification reaction was carried out while removing the distilled water out of the system. The oligomer obtained by esterification was sampled, the AVo and OHVo of the oligomer were measured, and OHV% (ratio of hydroxyl end groups) was calculated.
- the pressure increase applied to the filter was evaluated for the obtained copolyester resin using a single screw extrusion spinning machine. Moreover, it was set as the sheet
- Example 2 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a distillation cooler was charged with 2130 parts of terephthalic acid, 850 parts of ethylene glycol and 1350 parts of neopentyl glycol, 0.7 parts of triethylamine was added, and under a pressure of 0.35 MPa, The temperature was gradually raised from 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the esterification reaction was carried out while removing the distilled water out of the system. The oligomer obtained by esterification was sampled, the AVo and OHVo of the oligomer were measured, and OHV% (ratio of hydroxyl end groups) was calculated.
- Example 3 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a distillation cooler was charged with 2130 parts of terephthalic acid, 1310 parts of ethylene glycol, and 690 parts of neopentyl glycol, 0.7 parts of triethylamine was added, and the pressure was 0.35 MPa. The temperature was gradually raised from 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the esterification reaction was carried out while removing the distilled water out of the system. The oligomer obtained by esterification was sampled, the AVo and OHVo of the oligomer were measured, and OHV% (ratio of hydroxyl end groups) was calculated.
- Example 4 In Example 1, except that the ethylene glycol to be charged was replaced with ethylene glycol derived from biomass resources (manufactured by India glycol), esterification and polycondensation reactions were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a copolymer polyester resin. Obtained. The obtained copolyester resin was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a distillation cooler was charged with 2130 parts of terephthalic acid, 1085 parts of ethylene glycol, and 775 parts of neopentyl glycol, 0.7 parts of triethylamine was added, and the pressure was 0.35 MPa. The temperature was gradually raised from 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the esterification reaction was carried out while removing the distilled water out of the system. The oligomer obtained by esterification was sampled, the AVo and OHVo of the oligomer were measured, and OHV% (ratio of hydroxyl end groups) was calculated.
- Example 6 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a distillation cooler was charged with 2130 parts of terephthalic acid, 1025 parts of ethylene glycol, and 730 parts of neopentyl glycol, 0.7 parts of triethylamine was added, and under a pressure of 0.35 MPa, The temperature was gradually raised from 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the esterification reaction was carried out while removing the distilled water out of the system. The oligomer obtained by esterification was sampled, the AVo and OHVo of the oligomer were measured, and OHV% (ratio of hydroxyl end groups) was calculated.
- Example 2 An esterification reaction and a polycondensation reaction were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the end time of the pressure esterification was shortened to obtain a copolyester resin.
- the obtained copolyester resin was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 ⁇ Comparative Example 3>
- an esterification reaction and a polycondensation reaction were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the end time of the pressure esterification was lengthened to obtain a copolyester resin.
- the speed of the polyester polycondensation reaction was slow, and the resulting resin had a low melt viscosity.
- Example 4 In Example 1, an esterification reaction and a polycondensation reaction were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2130 parts of terephthalic acid, 1360 parts of ethylene glycol, and 980 parts of neopentyl glycol were used as raw materials. A resin was obtained. In the method of this comparative example, the rate of the polyester polycondensation reaction was slow, and the resulting resin had a low melt viscosity, so no post-evaluation was performed.
- Example 5 An esterification reaction and a polycondensation reaction were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2130 parts of terephthalic acid, 910 parts of ethylene glycol, and 650 parts of neopentyl glycol were used as raw materials. A resin was obtained. The obtained copolyester resin was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the copolymerized polyester resin according to the present invention is widely used as a material for films, sheets, hollow molded containers, engineering plastics, and various molded articles because foreign matter contamination is suppressed and the degree of clarity is high.
- it is suitable as a material for films and molded articles that require a high degree of clarity. Therefore, it is very useful industrially.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明は、以下の構成からなる。
(1) ジカルボン酸成分とジオール成分を構成成分とする共重合ポリエステル樹脂であって、ジカルボン酸成分として、テレフタル酸を90モル%以上含み、ジオール成分として、エチレングリコールを39~79モル%、ネオペンチルグリコールを20~60モル%、及びジエチレングリコールを1~5モル%含み、還元粘度が0.50dl/g以上であり、該共重合ポリエステル樹脂を0.8~0.9mmの厚さにしたサンプルから位相差光学顕微鏡を用いて観測される、1平方mm当たりの粒子径5μm以上の異物数が100個以下であることを特徴とする共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
(2) カラーL値が60以上、かつカラーb値が6以下であることを特徴とする(1)記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
(3) 重合触媒として、アルミニウム化合物から選択される少なくとも1種、及びリン化合物から選択される少なくとも1種を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中に含有することを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
(4) ジカルボン酸成分とジオール成分をエステル化反応し、エステル化反応終了後の反応中間体オリゴマーのカルボン酸基末端濃度を400~900eq/ton、ヒドロキシル基末端濃度を700~1400eq/tonとした後、重縮合反応を行うことで得られることを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
(5) ジオール成分として、バイオマス資源由来のエチレングリコールを含むジオール成分を用いることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
(6) (1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなる熱収縮性フィルム。
(7) (1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなる成型品。
(8) (1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなるシート。
(9) (1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなる接着剤。
(共重合ポリエステル樹脂)
本発明に係る共重合ポリエステル樹脂は、ジカルボン酸成分がテレフタル酸残基90モル%以上含み、ジオール成分がエチレングリコール残基39~79モル%、ネオペンチルグリコール残基20~60モル%およびジエチレングリコール残基1~5モル%含むものである。
本発明において、「共重合ポリエステル樹脂」とは、後記する重合触媒化合物や、該重合触媒化合物が重合系中で無機塩または有機塩を形成して不溶化、凝集して析出した異物を含むものである。「共重合ポリエステル」と言う化学物質以外のものを含む点では、一種の「組成物」とも言えるが、重合触媒化合物や異物の量は微量であることから、本発明においては、「共重合ポリエステル樹脂」と表す。
ジカルボン酸成分中のテレフタル酸は、97モル%以上が好ましく、98モル%以上がより好ましい。テレフタル酸が100モル%であることも好ましい態様である。
使用する原料としては、テレフタル酸のエステル形成性誘導体(ジメチルテレフタレート等)も使用可能である。
次に、本発明の共重合ポリエステル樹脂を製造する際に使用する重合触媒について説明する。本発明に用いられる重合触媒は、エステル化を促進させる能力を有することを特徴とする重合触媒である。このような重合触媒としては、アルミニウム化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、リン系化合物から選択される少なくとも1種を含む重合触媒が好ましい。
上記を下回ると触媒活性不良となる可能性があり、上記を超えるとアルミニウム系異物生成を引き起こす可能性がある。
アルミニウム化合物は、ポリエステル重合時に減圧環境下に置かれても、使用量のほぼ100%が残留するので、使用量が残留量になると考えてよい。
また、X1は、金属が2価以上であって、X2が存在しなくても良い。さらには、リン化合物に対して金属の余剰の価数に相当するアニオンが配置されていても良い。
金属としては、Li、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Alが好ましい。
上記の上下限を超える量のリン原子が残存することで、重合活性を低下させる可能性がある。
リン化合物は、ポリエステル重合時に減圧環境下に置かれる際、その条件により、使用量の約10~30%が系外に除去される。そこで、実際は、数回の試行実験を行い、リン化合物のポリエステル中への残留率を見極めた上で、使用量を決める必要がある。
共重合ポリエステル樹脂の重合方法は、特に制限は無く、テレフタル酸などのジカルボン酸成分とエチレングリコールなどのジオール成分との直接エステル化法、もしくはテレフタル酸などのジカルボン酸成分のアルキルエステルとエチレングリコールなどのジオール成分とのエステル交換法によって、テレフタル酸などのジカルボン酸成分とエチレングリコールなどのジオール成分とのオリゴマーを得て、しかる後に、常圧あるいは減圧下にて溶融重合して共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得ることができる。
これらいずれの方式においても、エステル化反応、あるいはエステル交換反応は、1段階で行っても良いし、また多段階に分けて行っても良い。溶融重縮合反応も、1段階で行っても良いし、また多段階に分けて行っても良い。
本発明においてオリゴマーとは、エステル化反応(もしくはエステル交換反応)終了後、重縮合反応を行う前の反応中間体である。未反応の原料が存在する場合は、それらも含めた反応中間体を指す。
本発明の共重合ポリエステル樹脂中の異物数の測定方法について、以下に説明する。
本発明の共重合ポリエステル樹脂中の異物数は、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を0.8~0.9mmの厚さにしたサンプルから、下記の手順により計測される、1平方mm当たりの、粒子径5μm以上の異物粒子数を指す。
(1)得られた画像を電子信号に変換する。変換した画像データはモノクロ画像であり、画像のコントラストは0(真っ黒)から255(真っ白)の256階調から構成されている。
(2)画像の対象物(粗大無機粒子)と背景(ポリマー)の境界線を明確に仕切る、2値化処理を行い、粒子が白、背景が黒(またはその逆に、粒子が黒、背景が白)の2値化画像を得る。
(3)画像を構成する点(ドット)数から粒子の径(面積円相当径)と個数を計算する。
得られた結果は、実際の画像の縮尺に応じて単位面積換算し、粒子径の大きさごとに個数を区分したデータである。
測定は通常20~40視野行い、計測結果は視野面積1平方mm当たりに換算して用いる。
観察および測定の際には、粒子径、粒子数が既知な標準試料を用いて画像の濃淡や解像度、2値化の際の閾値を適宜調整することが好ましい。
本発明における異物とは、触媒金属化合物が重合系中で無機塩または有機塩を形成して不溶化、凝集して析出たものである。
また、本発明の共重合ポリエステル樹脂は、フィルムにしたときの良好な透明性、色調を満足するためには、カラーL値が60以上であることが好ましい。また、良好な耐熱性を得るためには、カラーb値が6以下であることが好ましい。
次に、本発明の共重合ポリエステル樹脂を用いたフィルムの製造方法の一例を、以下に説明する。ポリエステルフィルムの製造方法は、下記に限定されるものではない。前記の特定の触媒を用いて重合した共重合ポリエステル樹脂を溶融押出して、T-ダイスより冷却回転ロール上にシート状に成型し、未延伸シートを作成する。この際、例えば特公平6-39521号公報、特公平6-45175号公報に記載の技術を適用することにより、高速製膜性が可能となる。また、複数の押出し機を用い、コア層、スキン層に各種機能を分担させ、共押出し法により積層フィルムとしても良い。
<評価方法>
(1)反応中間体オリゴマーのカルボン酸基末端濃度(AVo)の測定
オリゴマーを0.2g精秤し、20mlのクロロホルムに溶解し、0.1N-KOHエタノール溶液で、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として滴定し、樹脂106g当たりの当量(単位;eq/ton)を求めた。
オリゴマー0.5gを精秤し、アセチル化剤(無水酢酸ピリジン溶液0.5モル/L)10mlを加え、95℃以上の水槽に90分間浸漬した。水槽から取り出した直後、純水10mlを添加し室温まで放冷した。フェノールフタレインを指示薬として、0.2N-NaOH-CH3OH溶液で滴定した。試料を入れずに、ブランクも同じ作業を行った。なお事前に、N/10-塩酸20mlを、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として、0.2N-NaOH-CH3OH溶液で滴定し、該溶液のファクター(F)を下記式に従い求めておいた。
F=0.1×f×20/a
(f=N/10-塩酸のファクター、a=滴定数(ml))
下記式に従って、OHVo(eq/ton)を算出した。
OHVo={(B-A)×F×1000/W}+AVo
(A=滴定数(ml),B=ブランクの滴定数(ml),F=0.2N-NaOH-CH3OH溶液のファクター,W=試料の重さ(g))
上記方法で求めたOHVoとAVoとより、下記式に従って算出した。
OHV%={OHVo/(OHVo+AVo)}×100
共重合ポリエステル樹脂0.10gを、フェノール:テトラクロロエタン=60:40(重量比)の混合溶媒25cm3に溶かし、ウベローデ粘度管を用いて、30℃で測定した。
クロロホルム-d溶媒中、ヴァリアン社製核磁気共鳴分析計(NMR)ジェミニ-200を用いて、1H-NMR分析を行って、その積分比より決定した。
以下に示す方法で定量した。
試料1gを硫酸/過酸化水素水の混合液で湿式分解させた。次いで、亜硝酸ナトリウムを加えてSb原子をSb5+とし、ブリリアングリーンを添加してSbとの青色錯体を生成させた。この錯体をトルエンで抽出後、吸光光度計(島津製作所製、UV-150-02)を用いて、波長625nmにおける吸光度を測定し、予め作成した検量線から、試料中のSb原子の量を比色定量した。
試料1gを、炭酸ナトリウム共存下で乾式灰化分解させる方法、あるいは硫酸/硝酸/過塩素酸の混合液または硫酸/過酸化水素水の混合液で湿式分解させる方法によってリン化合物を正リン酸とした。次いで、1モル/Lの硫酸溶液中においてモリブデン酸塩を反応させてリンモリブデン酸とし、これを硫酸ヒドラジンで還元してヘテロポリ青を生成させた。吸光光度計(島津製作所製、UV-150-02)により波長830nmにおける吸光度を測定した。予め作成した検量線から、試料中のリン原子の量を定量した。
試料0.1gを6M塩酸溶液に溶解させ一日放置した後、純水で希釈し1.2M塩酸測定用溶液とした。調製した溶液試料を高周波プラズマ発光分析により求めた。
色差計(日本電色工業(株)製、ZE-2000)を用いて、共重合ポリエステル樹脂のチップの色差(L、a、b)を測定した。
異物評価は、上記(異物数の測定方法)の説明の通りに行った。以下、補足する。
共重合ポリエステル樹脂のチップ1粒を2枚のカバーガラス(マツナミマイクロカバーグラス、25mm×25mm、厚さ0.2mm)に挟んで、約300℃のホットプレート上で加熱溶融し、0.8~0.9mmの厚さにプレスし、直ぐに急冷して観察用試料とした。位相差光学顕微鏡(Nikon社製、)、対物レンズ(同社製、倍率10倍、開口度0.5)を用いて、試料の厚さの中心部分を観察した。画像はCCDカメラを経由して画像解析装置(Nireco製、Luzex-FS)に取り込み、画像解析を行い、5μm以上の粒子数を計測した。視野を変えながら同様の計測を20回行い、合計の粒子数を求め、視野面積1平方mm当たりの5μm以上の粒子数を計算し、共重合ポリエステル樹脂中の異物数とした。
ギアポンプおよびフィルターを付属した20mmφの単軸押出紡糸機を用いて、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を押出し、フィルターにかかる圧力の上昇を測定した。フィルターは金属不織布タイプ20μm(ナスロンNF-08)、フィルター直径16mm(ろ過面積2.01cm2)、吐出量は5g/分とした。押出温度は285℃で実施した。単位時間当たりの圧力上昇係数kを下記の式に基づいて求め、k≦5であれば実用上問題なしと判定した。
k=ΔP(MPa/h)/(Q(kg/h)/S(cm2))
(ΔPは1時間当たりの圧力上昇(MPa)、Qは1時間当たりの吐出量(kg/h)、Sはフィルターの面積(cm2))
○:k≦5
△:5<k≦10
×:k>10
200mm×300mmにカットしたフィルムの反対方向から蛍光灯の光を当てて、目視で観察される輝点の数を異物として計測した。フィルム10枚について合計の異物数を算出し、以下の基準に基づいて判定した。
○:異物数が100個以下
△:異物数が101個~500個
×:異物数が501個以上
(リン化合物のエチレングリコール溶液)
窒素導入管、冷却管を備えたフラスコに、常温常圧下、エチレングリコール2.0リットルを加えた後、窒素雰囲気下200rpmで攪拌しながら、リン化合物として化学式(4)で表されるIrganox1222(ビーエーエスエフ社製)200gを加えた。さらに2.0リットルのエチレングリコールを追加した後、ジャケット温度の設定を196℃に変更して昇温し、内温が185℃以上になった時点から60分間還流下で攪拌した。その後加熱を止め、直ちに溶液を熱源から取り去り、窒素雰囲気下を保ったまま、30分以内に120℃以下まで冷却した。
冷却管を備えたフラスコに、常温常圧下、純水5.0リットルを加えた後、200rpmで攪拌しながら、塩基性酢酸アルミニウム(ヒドロキシアルミニウムジアセテート)200gを純水とのスラリーとして加えた。さらに、全体として10.0リットルとなるよう純水を追加して、常温常圧で12時間攪拌した。その後、ジャケット温度の設定を100.5℃に変更して昇温し、内温が95℃以上になった時点から3時間還流下で攪拌した。攪拌を止め、室温まで放冷した。その際、未溶解粒子が見られた場合は、溶液をガラスフィルター(3G)にてろ過してアルミニウム化合物の水溶液を得た。
続いて、蒸留装置を備えたフラスコに、常温常圧下、前記アルミニウム化合物の水溶液2.0リットルとエチレングリコール2.0リットルを仕込み、200rpmで30分間攪拌後、均一な水/エチレングリコール混合溶液を得た。次いで、ジャケット温度の設定を110℃に変更して昇温し、該溶液から水を留去した。留出した水の量が2.0リットルになった時点で加熱を止め、室温まで放冷することでアルミニウム化合物のエチレングリコール溶液を得た。
<実施例1>
攪拌機、温度計、溜出用冷却機を装備した反応缶にテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール1140部、ネオペンチルグリコール815部を仕込み、トリエチルアミン0.7部を添加して0.35MPaの加圧下、220℃から250℃まで徐々に昇温し、溜出する水を系外に除きつつエステル化反応を行った。エステル化で得られたオリゴマーをサンプリングし、オリゴマーのAVo、OHVoを測定し、OHV%(ヒドロキシル末端基の割合)を算出した。続いて、前記の重合触媒溶液を、リン化合物のエチレングリコール溶液およびアルミニウム化合物のエチレングリコール混合溶液を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中のジカルボン酸成分に対して、リン原子として0.047モル%を、アルミニウム原子として0.021モル%となるように添加した後、1時間かけて1.3kPaまで減圧初期重合を行うとともに270℃まで上昇し、さらに0.13kPa以下で後期重合を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。反応缶からストランド状に取り出し、冷却固化後、カットしてチップ形状で得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂の特性を表1に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、溜出用冷却機を装備した反応缶にテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール850部、ネオペンチルグリコール1350部を仕込み、トリエチルアミン0.7部を添加して0.35MPaの加圧下、220℃から250℃まで徐々に昇温し、溜出する水を系外に除きつつエステル化反応を行った。エステル化で得られたオリゴマーをサンプリングし、オリゴマーのAVo、OHVoを測定し、OHV%(ヒドロキシル末端基の割合)を算出した。続いて、前記の重合触媒溶液を、リン化合物のエチレングリコール溶液およびアルミニウム化合物のエチレングリコール混合溶液を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中のジカルボン酸成分に対して、リン原子として0.047モル%を、アルミニウム原子として0.021モル%となるように添加した後、1時間かけて1.3kPaまで減圧初期重合を行うとともに270℃まで上昇し、さらに0.13kPa以下で後期重合を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、溜出用冷却機を装備した反応缶にテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール1310部、ネオペンチルグリコール690部を仕込み、トリエチルアミン0.7部を添加して0.35MPaの加圧下、220℃から250℃まで徐々に昇温し、溜出する水を系外に除きつつエステル化反応を行った。エステル化で得られたオリゴマーをサンプリングし、オリゴマーのAVo、OHVoを測定し、OHV%(ヒドロキシル末端基の割合)を算出した。続いて、前記の重合触媒溶液を、リン化合物のエチレングリコール溶液およびアルミニウム化合物のエチレングリコール混合溶液を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中のジカルボン酸成分に対して、リン原子として0.047モル%を、アルミニウム原子として0.021モル%となるように添加した後、1時間かけて1.3kPaまで減圧初期重合を行うとともに270℃まで上昇し、さらに0.13kPa以下で後期重合を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、仕込みのエチレングリコールをバイオマス資源由来のエチレングリコール(インディアグリコール製)に代えた他は、実施例1と同様な方法でエステル化、および重縮合反応を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、溜出用冷却機を装備した反応缶にテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール1085部、ネオペンチルグリコール775部を仕込み、トリエチルアミン0.7部を添加して0.35MPaの加圧下、220℃から250℃まで徐々に昇温し、溜出する水を系外に除きつつエステル化反応を行った。エステル化で得られたオリゴマーをサンプリングし、オリゴマーのAVo、OHVoを測定し、OHV%(ヒドロキシル末端基の割合)を算出した。続いて、前記の重合触媒溶液を、リン化合物のエチレングリコール溶液およびアルミニウム化合物のエチレングリコール混合溶液を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中のジカルボン酸成分に対して、リン原子として0.047モル%を、アルミニウム原子として0.021モル%となるように添加した後、1時間かけて1.3kPaまで減圧初期重合を行うとともに270℃まで上昇し、さらに0.13kPa以下で後期重合を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、溜出用冷却機を装備した反応缶にテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール1025部、ネオペンチルグリコール730部を仕込み、トリエチルアミン0.7部を添加して0.35MPaの加圧下、220℃から250℃まで徐々に昇温し、溜出する水を系外に除きつつエステル化反応を行った。エステル化で得られたオリゴマーをサンプリングし、オリゴマーのAVo、OHVoを測定し、OHV%(ヒドロキシル末端基の割合)を算出した。続いて、前記の重合触媒溶液を、リン化合物のエチレングリコール溶液およびアルミニウム化合物のエチレングリコール混合溶液を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中のジカルボン酸成分に対して、リン原子として0.047モル%を、アルミニウム原子として0.021モル%となるように添加した後、1時間かけて1.3kPaまで減圧初期重合を行うとともに270℃まで上昇し、さらに0.13kPa以下で後期重合を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、溜出用冷却機を装備した反応缶にテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール1100部、ネオペンチルグリコール620部を仕込み、トリエチルアミン0.7部を添加して0.35MPaの加圧下、220℃から250℃まで徐々に昇温し、溜出する水を系外に除きつつエステル化反応を行った。エステル化で得られたオリゴマーをサンプリングし、オリゴマーのAVo、OHVoを測定し、OHV%(ヒドロキシル末端基の割合)を算出した。続いて三酸化アンチモン溶液を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中のジカルボン酸成分に対して、アンチモン原子として0.045モル%となるように添加した後、1時間かけて1.3kPaまで減圧初期重合を行うとともに270℃まで上昇し、さらに0.13kPa以下で後期重合を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1において、加圧エステル化の終了時間を短めにした以外は実施例1と同様な方法でエステル化反応および重縮合反応を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例1において、加圧エステル化の終了時間を長めにした以外は実施例1と同様な方法でエステル化反応および重縮合反応を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。この比較例の方法ではポリエステル重縮合反応の速度が遅く、得られた樹脂は溶融粘度が低かったため、後評価は実施しなかった。
実施例1において、原料の仕込み量をテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール1360部、ネオペンチルグリコール980部とした以外は実施例1と同様な方法でエステル化反応および重縮合反応を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。この比較例の方法ではポリエステル重縮合反応の速度が遅く、得られた樹脂は溶融粘度が低かったため、後評価は実施しなかった。
実施例1において、原料の仕込み量をテレフタル酸2130部、エチレングリコール910部、ネオペンチルグリコール650部とした以外は実施例1と同様な方法でエステル化反応および重縮合反応を行い、共重合ポリエステル樹脂を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表2に示す。
Claims (9)
- ジカルボン酸成分とジオール成分を構成成分とする共重合ポリエステル樹脂であって、ジカルボン酸成分として、テレフタル酸を90モル%以上含み、ジオール成分として、エチレングリコールを39~79モル%、ネオペンチルグリコールを20~60モル%、及びジエチレングリコールを1~5モル%含み、還元粘度が0.50dl/g以上であり、該共重合ポリエステル樹脂を0.8~0.9mmの厚さにしたサンプルから位相差光学顕微鏡を用いて観測される、1平方mm当たりの粒子径5μm以上の異物数が100個以下であることを特徴とする共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
- カラーL値が60以上、かつカラーb値が6以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
- 重合触媒として、アルミニウム化合物から選択される少なくとも1種、及びリン化合物から選択される少なくとも1種を共重合ポリエステル樹脂中に含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
- ジカルボン酸成分とジオール成分をエステル化反応し、エステル化反応終了後の反応中間体オリゴマーのカルボン酸基末端濃度を400~900eq/ton、ヒドロキシル基末端濃度を700~1400eq/tonとした後、重縮合反応を行うことで得られることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
- ジオール成分として、バイオマス資源由来のエチレングリコールを含むジオール成分を用いることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなる熱収縮性フィルム。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなる成型品。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなるシート。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の共重合ポリエステル樹脂からなる接着剤。
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JP7380601B2 (ja) | 2019-02-14 | 2023-11-15 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム |
WO2021210512A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 共重合ポリエステル樹脂、熱収縮性フィルム、熱収縮性ラベル、および包装体 |
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KR20160078378A (ko) | 2016-07-04 |
CN105705549A (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
KR102222247B1 (ko) | 2021-03-02 |
US20160237207A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
JPWO2015060335A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
TW201516072A (zh) | 2015-05-01 |
TWI648305B (zh) | 2019-01-21 |
CN105705549B (zh) | 2020-04-24 |
JP6500440B2 (ja) | 2019-04-17 |
US9868815B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 |
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