Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
  • C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/61—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
  • C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
  • C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule

Definitions

• the field of the present invention is that of modifying agents for functionalizing unsaturated polymers along the polymer chain.
• Modification of the chemical structure of a polymer generally impacts the chemical and physical properties of the polymer, as well as the properties of the compositions containing it.
• the structural modification of a polymer such as the functionalization of a polymer, is particularly desired when it is desired to put a polymer and a filler in a composition.
• Chemical modification of a polymer can improve the dispersion of the filler in the polymer and thus allow a more homogeneous material to be obtained. In the case of certain fillers, such as carbon black or silica, better dispersion of the filler will generally result in a hysteresis drop in the composition. Such a property is sought, especially in rubber compositions intended for example for tire applications.
• grafting reactions of a compound are counted.
• Compounds known to be grafted onto an unsaturated polymer are, for example, 1,3-dipolar compounds as described in patent applications WO 2006/045088 and WO 2012/007441.
• the first application describes compounds which allow the grafting of oxazoline, thiazoline, alkoxysilane or allyltin function.
• the second describes compounds that allow the grafting of nitrogen associative functions.
• a first subject of the invention is a 1,3-dipolar compound corresponding to formula (I)
• A preferably divalent, is an atom or a group of atoms connecting to B,
• Z, Y, R and R 'each represent an atom or a group of atoms, Z and Y being able to form together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached a ring,
• the invention also relates to a method for modifying an unsaturated polymer, which process comprises reacting a 1,3-dipolar compound according to the invention with at least one and preferably more unsaturations of the unsaturated polymer.
• the invention also relates to a polymer which can be obtained by the process according to the invention.
• any range of values designated by the expression “between a and b” represents the range of values greater than “a” and less than “b” (i.e., terminals a and b excluded). while any range of values designated by the term “from a to b” means the range of values from “a” to "b” (i.e. including the strict limits a and b).
• 1,3-dipolar compound is included as defined by IUPAC.
• the 1,3-dipolar compound corresponds to formula (I):
• Q. comprises a dipole containing at least and preferably a nitrogen atom,
• A preferably divalent, is an atom or a group of atoms connecting Q. to B,
• B comprises an imidazole ring corresponding to formula (II): in which :
• R denotes a direct connection to A, in which case R is the 4 th symbol.
• R ' may be a hydrogen atom or a carbon group which may contain at least one heteroatom.
• R ' represents a carbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an aliphatic group, more preferably an alkyl group which preferably contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
• R 'de notes a direct connection to A, in which case R' is the 4th symbol.
• Z and Y may each be a hydrogen atom.
• Z and Y together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached a cycle.
• the ring formed by Z, Y and the atoms to which Z and Y are attached may be substituted or unsubstituted and may include at least one heteroatom.
• Z and Y can form with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached an aromatic ring.
• the imidazole ring may be a substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole.
• Y or Z denotes a direct attachment to A, in which case Y or Z is the fourth ring. symbol.
• R represents a hydrogen atom or a carbon group which may contain at least one heteroatom.
• R may be a group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an aliphatic group, more preferably an alkyl group preferably containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, even more preferably methyl.
• A may be a group containing up to 20 carbon atoms, which group may contain at least one heteroatom.
• A may be an aliphatic or aromatic group.
• A When A is an aliphatic group, A preferably contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, even more preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more particularly from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. When A is an aromatic group, A preferably contains from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• divalent group A is particularly suitable an alkylene group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• the divalent group A containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms the methylene group is suitable.
• divalent group A may also be suitable an arylene group preferably containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• Q. comprises a -C ⁇ N ⁇
• Q moiety preferably comprises, more preferably represents the unit corresponding to formula (III) in which four of the five RI symbols at R5, which are identical or different, are each an atom or a group of atoms and the fifth symbol denotes a direct attachment to A, knowing that R1 and R5 are both different from H.
• the four of the five symbols R1 to R5 may be aliphatic or aromatic groups.
• the aliphatic groups can contain from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferentially from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 atoms. carbon, more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• the aromatic groups may contain from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• R 1, R 3 and R 5 are each preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, even more preferably a methyl or ethyl group.
• R1, R3 and R5 are identical.
• R 1, R 3 and R 5 are each preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, even more preferentially a methyl or ethyl group.
• the 1,3-dipolar compound is 2,4,6-trimethyl-3 - ((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl) benzonitrile oxide having the formula (N1a) or the compound 2,4,6-triethyl-3 - ((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl) benzonitrile oxide having the formula (IIIb):
• Q preferably has, more preferably represents the unit of formula (IV) or (V ) in which :
• Y 1 is an aliphatic group, preferably an alkyl group preferably containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferentially an alkylaryl group, more preferably a phenyl or tolyl group,
• Y 2 having a direct attachment to A, is an aliphatic group, preferentially an alkylene group preferably containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group preferably containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms and having on its benzene ring the direct attachment to A.
• the 1,3-dipolar compound is the compound of formula (IVa), (IVb), (Va) or (Vb)
• the process comprises the reaction of the 1,3-dipolar compound described above on at least one and preferably several unsaturations of an unsaturated polymer.
• the 1,3-dipolar compound can be used to modify an unsaturated polymer by a grafting reaction of the 1,3-dipolar compound on at least one and preferably several unsaturations of the unsaturated polymer.
• the unsaturations of the polymer are carbon-carbon bonds, preferably carbon-carbon double bonds.
• the grafting of the 1,3-dipolar compound is carried out by [3 + 2] cycloaddition of the reactive group (s) of the 1,3-dipolar compound on one or more double bonds of a diene elastomeric chain.
• the mechanism of the cycloaddition of a nitrile oxide, a nitrone and a nitrile imine can be illustrated by the following equations, in which the symbol H represents any substituent:
• the grafting of the 1,3-dipolar compound can be carried out in bulk, for example in an internal mixer or an external mixer such as a roller mixer.
• the grafting is then carried out either at a temperature of the external mixer or the internal mixer below 60 ° C., followed by a grafting reaction step in a press or in an oven at temperatures ranging from 80 ° C. to 200 ° C. or at a temperature of the external mixer or internal mixer greater than 60 ° C without subsequent heat treatment.
• the grafting process can also be carried out in solution.
• the temperature at which the grafting is carried out is easily adjusted by those skilled in the art from his general knowledge taking into account the concentration of the reaction medium, the reflux temperature of the solvent, the thermal stability of the polymer and the compound. 1,3-dipolar. For example, a temperature around 60 ° C may be suitable.
• the polymer thus modified can be separated from its solution by any type of means known to those skilled in the art and in particular by an operation of evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure or by a stripping operation with water vapor .
• the 1,3-dipolar compound is reacted with a preferred stoichiometry of between 0 and 3 equivalents. molar, more preferably between 0 and 2 molar equivalents, still more preferably between 0 and 1 molar equivalent, or even more preferably between 0 and 0.7 molar equivalent of imidazole ring per 100 mol of monomer units constituting the polymer.
• the lower limit is advantageously at least 0.1 molar equivalent of 1,3-dipolar compound.
• the amount of 1,3-dipolar compound used to graft the polymer is expressed as molar equivalents of imidazole ring.
• the 1,3-dipolar compound contains a single imidazole ring of formula (II) as defined above, one mole of 1,3-dipolar compound corresponds to one mole of imidazole ring. If the 1,3-dipolar compound contains two imidazole rings of formula (II) as defined above, one mole of 1,3-dipolar compound corresponds to two moles of imidazole ring. In the latter case, the use of the 1,3-dipolar compound according to a molar equivalent of imidazole ring corresponds to a half-mole of 1,3-dipolar compound.
• the polymer is previously antioxidized to prevent any degradation of the macrostructure of the polymer during the grafting reaction.
• the unsaturated polymer to be modified has at least one and preferably several unsaturations which are capable of reacting with the 1,3-dipolar compound according to the invention.
• the unsaturated polymer is preferably a diene polymer, more preferably a diene elastomer.
• iene polymer is intended to include a polymer comprising diene monomeric units, in particular 1,3-diene monomer units.
• iene elastomer or indistinctly rubber is to be understood in known manner an elastomer consisting at least in part (ie, a homopolymer or a copolymer) of monomeric diene units (monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not).
• diene elastomers can be classified into two categories: “essentially unsaturated” or “essentially saturated”.
• the term “essentially unsaturated” is generally understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers, having a level of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%); for example, diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins of the EPDM type do not fall within the above definition and may in particular be termed elastomers. Dienic "essentially saturated” (low or very low diene origin, always less than 15%).
• the term “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
• iene elastomer may be understood more particularly to be used in the compositions according to the invention: (a) - any homopolymer of a conjugated diene monomer, especially any homopolymer obtained by polymerization of a diene monomer conjugate having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms;
• diene elastomer any type of diene elastomer
• the person skilled in the tire art will understand that the present invention is preferably implemented with essentially unsaturated diene elastomers, in particular of the type (a) or (b). ) above.
• copolymers of type (b) contain from 20 to 99% by weight of diene units and from 1 to 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units.
• conjugated dienes 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5 alkyl) -1,3-butadienes, such as for example 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1 3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene.
• Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are, for example, styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the "vinyl-toluene" commercial mixture, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene.
• the diene elastomer is a substantially unsaturated elastomer selected from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), polyisoprenes, butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers, and mixtures of these elastomers.
• BR polybutadienes
• SBR copolymer of butadiene and styrene
• NR natural rubber
• IR synthetic polyisoprene
• the invention also relates to the polymer that can be obtained by the method described according to any one of its embodiments.
• the polymer which is the subject of the invention is preferably a diene polymer, preferably a diene elastomer, more preferably a substantially unsaturated diene elastomer, even more preferably a substantially unsaturated elastomer chosen from the group consisting of polybutadienes, polyisoprenes and copolymers. butadiene, isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• the structural analysis as well as the determination of the molar purities of the synthesis molecules are carried out by NMR analysis.
• the spectra are acquired on a BRUKER Avance 3 400 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 5 mm BBFO-zgrad "broadband" probe.
• Experience quantitative NMR 1 H uses a simple pulse sequence 30 ° and a repeating time of 3 seconds between each 64 acquisitions.
• the samples are solubilized in a deuterated solvent, deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) unless otherwise indicated.
• DMSO deuterated dimethylsulfoxide
• the deuterated solvent is also used for the lock signal.
• the calibration is performed on the proton signal of DMSO deuterated at 2.44 ppm with respect to a TMS reference at Oppm.
• the 1 H NMR spectrum coupled to the 2D HSOC 1 H / 13C and HMBC 1 H / 13 C 2D experiments allow the structural determination of the molecules (cf. of assignments).
• the molar quantifications are formed from the 1D NMR spectrum 1 H quantitative.
• the determination of the molar content of grafted nitrile oxide compound is carried out by NMR analysis.
• the spectra are acquired on a BRUKER 500 MHz spectrometer equipped with a "BBFO-zgrad-5 mm CryoSonde".
• Experience quantitative NMR 1 H uses a simple pulse sequence 30 ° and a repeating time of 5 seconds between each acquisition.
• the samples are solubilized in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) in order to obtain a "lock" signal.
• This compound can be prepared according to the following reaction scheme:
• This compound can be obtained according to a procedure described in the following article: Zenkevich, I. G .; Makarov, A. A .; Russian Journal of General Chemistry; flight. 77; nb. 4; (2007); p. 611-619 (Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, vol.77, no.4, (2007), pp. 653-662)
• This compound can be obtained according to a procedure described in the following article: Yakubov, A. P .; Tsyganov, D. V .; Belenkii, L. I .; Krayushkin, M. M .; Bulletin of the Academy of
• the modifying agent obtained according to the procedure described above is used with a molar purity of 93 mol%.
• the SBR before modification contains 25% of styrene unit and 58% of 1.2 unit of the butadiene part.
• the suspension is stirred for 10-15 minutes and the precipitate is filtered, washed on the filter by the mixture of CH 2 Cl 2 / petroleum ether (2 ml / 4 ml) and with petroleum ether (40/60) (6 ml) and finally dried for 10-15 hours under atmospheric pressure at room temperature.
• a white solid (3.82 g, 12.6 mmol, 62% yield) with a melting point of 136.5-137.5 ° C. is obtained with a purity of 94 mol% in 1 H NMR.
• the 1,3-dipolar compound obtained is used according to the procedure described in section 11.4.
• the synthetic polyisoprene (RI) before modification contains 98% by weight of 1,4-cis units.
• dipolar compound is incorporated at a rate of 1.35 g per 100 g of IR on a roll tool (external mixer at 30 ° C). 1 g of N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine antioxidant is then incorporated per 100 g of IR. The mixture is homogenized in 12 wall passes.
• This mixing phase is followed by a heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes in a press at 10 bar pressure.
• This compound can be prepared according to the following reaction scheme:
• the crude reaction product is solubilized in CH 2 Cl 2 (150 mL) and then concentrated under reduced pressure at 70 ° C. -80 ° C.
• the organic phase is extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 three times and the combined organic phases are washed with water.
• the brown oil (8.00 g, 51% yield) is obtained.
• the molar purity is greater than 81% (RM N 1 H).
• the product was used without further purification.
• Phenylhydroxylamine was synthesized according to the procedure described in Org.Syntheses, Coll. Flight. 1, p. 445, 1941; Org.Syntheses, Coll. Flight. 3, p. 668, 1955 11.6-6-Synthesis of N - (4 - ((1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl) benzylidene) aniline oxide
• the SBR-g and IR-g elastomers are used for the preparation of the C-SBR-g and C-IR-g rubber compositions.
• the SBR and IR elastomers which were used to prepare the grafted elastomers SBR-g and IR-g are used in unmodified form to constitute the elastomer matrix of the control compositions C-SBR and C-IR respectively.
• compositions C-SBR-g and C-IR-g are in accordance with the invention.
• compositions C-SGR and C-IR are respective control compositions of the compositions C-SBR-g and C-IR-g.
• compositions are prepared in the following manner: an internal mixer (final filling ratio: approximately 70% by volume) is introduced, the initial vessel temperature of which is approximately 110 ° C., successively the elastomer , the silica, the coupling agent, as well as the various other ingredients with the exception of the vulcanization system.
• Thermomechanical work (non-productive phase) is then carried out in one step, which lasts about 5 minutes to 6 minutes, until a maximum "falling" temperature of 160 ° C. is reached.
• the mixture thus obtained is recovered, cooled, and sulfur and a sulfenamide type accelerator are incorporated on a mixer (homo-finisher) at 23 ° C., mixing the whole (productive phase) for a suitable time (for example between 5 hours). and 12 min).
• SBR SBR with 25% styrene unit and 56% 1.2 unit of the butadiene part
• SBR-g SBR modified according to the synthesis described above in the previous paragraph 11.3
• compositions thus obtained are then calendered, either in the form of plates (with a thickness ranging from 2 to 3 mm) or thin rubber sheets, for the measurement of their physical or mechanical properties, or in the form of directly usable profiles, after cutting and / or assembly to the desired dimensions, for example as semi-finished products for tires, in particular for treads.
• the crosslinking is carried out at 150 ° C.
• the crosslinking time applied, t ' c (90) is the time required for the pair of the composition to reach 90% of the maximum torque of the composition.
• the pairs of the composition are measured at 150 ° C. with an oscillating chamber rheometer according to DIN 53529 - Part 3 (June 1983).
• t ' c (90) is determined according to standard NF T 43-015 for each of the compositions. II.8-Characterization tests - Results:
• the dynamic properties are measured on a viscoanalyzer (Metravib VA4000) according to ASTM D 5992-96.
• the response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical specimen 4 mm in thickness and 400 mm 2 in section), subjected to a sinusoidal stress in alternating simple shear, at the frequency of 10 Hz, is recorded under normal conditions.
• temperature 23 ° C
• ASTM D 1349-99 or as the case may be at a different temperature (100 ° C).
• a strain amplitude sweep is carried out from 0.1% to 100% (cycle a ller) and then from 100% to 0.1% (return cycle).
• compositions C-SBR-g and CI Rg exhibit at 23 ° C. an MSA100 modulus at 23 ° C. which is much greater than that of the respective control compositions C-SBR and CI R.
• This increase in stiffness at bake is obtained although a very significant decrease in hysteresis at 23 ° C is also observed for C-SBR-g and CI Rg in comparison with their respective control.
• SBR and C-IR The increase in rigidity is even more remarkable that the hysteresis drop is very strong.
• compositions according to the invention C-SBR-g and C-IR-g retain a level of stiffness at 100 ° C. that is comparable to that of the respective control compositions C-SBR and C-IR.

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