WO2015042945A1 - 一种安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔塔式起重机 - Google Patents

一种安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔塔式起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015042945A1
WO2015042945A1 PCT/CN2013/084699 CN2013084699W WO2015042945A1 WO 2015042945 A1 WO2015042945 A1 WO 2015042945A1 CN 2013084699 W CN2013084699 W CN 2013084699W WO 2015042945 A1 WO2015042945 A1 WO 2015042945A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
boom
balance
lifting
weight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/084699
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙竹森
张强
李明
乐波
缪谦
夏拥军
秦剑
胡春华
马一民
张金淼
郝玉靖
胡凤英
Original Assignee
国家电网公司
中国电力科学研究院
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Application filed by 国家电网公司, 中国电力科学研究院 filed Critical 国家电网公司
Publication of WO2015042945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015042945A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of overhead transmission line construction equipment, and particularly relates to a group tower special ffi tower crane equipped with a movable balance weight system for assembling a transmission line tower.
  • the tower tower assembly construction is a construction link with large workload, high construction difficulty and many risk factors in the construction of transmission lines.
  • large-scale mobile cranes or helicopters are mainly used in foreign countries for building towers.
  • large-scale mobile cranes or helicopter towers have been widely used in countries such as the United States and Canada, and the main equipment for domestic tower construction is various forms of poles.
  • the poles for power transmission and transformation construction are light and small lifting equipment. They are simple lifting equipment commonly used in the construction of overhead transmission line towers in China. They are rarely used abroad. .
  • it is necessary to set up multiple cable pulls the construction process is complicated, the matching requirements are high, and the quality is uneven.
  • the domestic transmission line construction unit has developed several large-scale floor-standing poles for group tower construction.
  • the large-scale floor-standing pole can be divided into a floor double-arm arm hug and a floor-standing double rocker arm, in which the booms on both sides of the floor double-arm arm are always horizontal, through the boom
  • the reciprocating movement of the movable load trolley in the direction of the boom realizes the adjustment of the horizontal position of the hoisting weight, and when the landing double rocker is engaged, the horizontal position of the hoist is changed by the pitch of the two booms.
  • the above-mentioned large-scale floor-standing poles mainly include the landing double rocker poles developed by Jiangsu Provincial Power Transmission and Transformation Company, the floor double-arm arm poles developed by Hubei Power Transmission and Transformation Engineering Company, and the balance torque group tower developed by Shandong Power Transmission and Transformation Engineering Company.
  • Cranes (forms are basically the same as floor-standing double-armed poles), etc.
  • These large-scale landing poles are in the form of hooks and tower cranes.
  • the main difference is the use of double boom schemes, ie on both sides of the tower head. Two booms are installed symmetrically, which can work on both sides at the same time. However, both booms need to be hoisted at the same time and at the same time.
  • the construction requirements are extremely high, the occupied space is large, the terrain is constrained obviously, and there are many construction workers.
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN102491199A discloses a tower crane and a balance arm thereof.
  • the balance arm includes: an arm section including an arm section, a second arm section, and detachably connected in the first step. At least one intermediate arm section between the arm section and the second arm section; a balance weight, the balance weight is disposed on the first arm section; the bracket, the bracket is disposed on the second arm section; the length adjustable lever, the one end of the tension
  • the bracket is detachably coupled to the bracket, and the other end of the pull tab is detachably coupled to any one of a plurality of different connection positions of the first arm joint.
  • the invention changes the distance between the center line of the balance weight and the tie rod and the center line of the first arm section, thereby improving the force of the arm section.
  • the object of the invention is to change the distance between the center line of the balance weight and the tie rod and the center line of the first arm section, thereby improving the force of the arm section.
  • the working principle of the invention is to change the position of the balance weight by changing the length of the balance arm, by changing or adding the arm section of the balance arm to change the length of the balance arm, and changing the position of the balance weight.
  • the invention provides a plurality of tie rod connection holes at the end of the balance arm to ensure that the intersection of the tie rod and the balance arm is near the balance center of gravity, Improve the stress on the balance arm.
  • the object and principle of the invention are not relevant to this application.
  • the Chinese utility model patent with the announcement number CN202744238U discloses an automatic control balanced tower crane, including a tower body, a balance arm, a lifting arm, a balance trolley, a lifting trolley, a wire rope and a hook, and the balance trolley has a balance.
  • the weight further includes a controller, the lifting trolley is provided with an encoder I for detecting the position of the lifting trolley, the balancing trolley is provided with an encoder II for detecting the position of the balancing trolley, and the balancing trolley and the lifting trolley are both motor driven.
  • the electric trolley, the lifting trolley, the wire rope or the hook is provided with a weight sensor for detecting the weight of the lifting weight, the controller] 3 ⁇ 4 is used for receiving the encoder I, the encoder ⁇ : and the weight sensing detection signal and for controlling the balance trolley And the motor that lifts the trolley.
  • the application object of the utility model is a flat-arm tower crane, and the application is a boom tower crane, and the working principle of the two is different.
  • the utility model also does not give a specific arrangement and working principle of the balanced weight moving mechanism, which is significantly different from the present application.
  • the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN101624165A discloses a combination balancing device and a crane for the device, which cannot solve the problem of moving in the front and rear direction of the prior weight device.
  • the combined balance weight device of the patent includes balance.
  • the heavy bracket can be slid back and forth along the horizontal slide rails fixed on both sides of the tail of the turntable under the action of two horizontal cylinders.
  • the counterweight body can move in the front-rear direction, and the backward sliding can effectively improve the stability of the crane under the boom length and large working conditions; ⁇ The front slip can reduce the length of the whole vehicle, making the crane compact and at the same time , has a smaller turning diameter when driving in a curve, which improves the driving performance of the crane can.
  • the invention is mainly applied to a mobile crane, and is mainly used for solving the problem that the length of the whole machine is too long in the non-lifting state and the transition state of the large-tonnage mobile crane, and the balance weight is moved forward and backward in the horizontal direction by setting two horizontal oil cylinders. In the working state, the position of the balance weight is fixed, and is substantially different from the present application.
  • the Chinese utility model patent with the announcement number CN201770430U discloses an automatic balance tower crane, which solves the problem that the existing tower crane has a serious imbalance due to different stresses of the balance arm and the boom and a time consuming time when the frame frame is raised Laborious problem.
  • the structure of the crane is: a balancing weight and a luffing mechanism are respectively arranged on the balance arm, and a horizontal switch serially connected in the power supply circuit of the motor is fixed on the balance arm, and a stroke switch is fixed at the tail of the balance arm and the stroke switch is respectively arranged Connected to the power supply circuit of the balance arm and the boom motor.
  • the utility model states that "the boom and the balance arm are always maintained in a horizontal state", that is, the application object is a horizontal arm tower crane, and the application is a boom tower crane, and the purpose of adding the balance weight movement function is to control
  • the difference between the forward tilting torque and the backward tilting torque of the tower crane reduces the torque received by the tower body, thereby improving the tower body force and reducing the tower body cross-section size and weight; in addition, the utility model repeatedly emphasizes "making the balance arm Same as the gravity on the boom, the balance arm and the boom are horizontal.”
  • the description of "balance arm and boom when the other side is tilted" is wrong.
  • the same gravity is applied to the balance arm and the boom”. This will result in a heavy balance and is not suitable for transmission lines. Group towers are used.
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN102862921A discloses a mobile lift crane having a positionally adjustable balance weight, comprising: a vehicle body having a movable ground engaging member; rotatably coupled to the vehicle body so as to be relatively ground a turret in which the engaging member swings; a cantilever pivotally mounted on the front of the turntable; a mast mounted on the turntable with the first end thereof; a rear arm attached to the rear of the mast and the turntable: movable balance weight a unit; at least one hydraulic cylinder; and at least one arm pivotally connected to the turntable with a first end thereof and a hydraulic cylinder with a second end thereof.
  • the arm and the hydraulic cylinder are connected between the turntable and the counterweight unit, and the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder changes the position of the counterweight unit relative to the turntable.
  • the crane is configured to perform picking, moving, and placing of a load, wherein the movable balance is moved closer to or away from the turntable by telescopically moving the hydraulic cylinder during picking, moving, and placing operations.
  • the counterweight unit is never supported by the ground, but indirectly by the ground engaging components
  • the ground is supported on the car body.
  • the invention is directed to the problem that the balance weight of the super large tonnage mobile crane is large, and a position of the balance mechanism for adjusting the balance weight is proposed.
  • the application is realized by a balanced heavy wire rope luffing mechanism, and the working principle of the two is different.
  • the present invention proposes a tower-tower dedicated tower crane for a transmission line tower assembled with a movable counterweight system.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution - a tower tower crane equipped with a movable balance weight system, including a steel structure base, a jacking frame, a tower body, an attachment frame, an attached wire rope, a slewing ring
  • the device, the boom, the hook, the tower head, the cable, the balance arm, the boom luffing mechanism, the hoisting mechanism and the control room are characterized in that: the crane further comprises a movable counterweight system, the counterweight system
  • the utility model comprises a balance weight, a balance weight carrying trolley, a counterweight traction mechanism, a traction wire rope, a diverting pulley and a control system, wherein the balance weight carrying trolley carries a balance weight and moves along the balance arm under the driving of the balance weight traction mechanism and the traction wire rope;
  • the balance arm adopts a plane frame hook or space truss structure, one end of which is connected with the slewing bearing device, and the other end is connected to the top of the
  • the balance weight traction mechanism and the control system are both mounted on the balance arm, and the traction wire rope bypasses Said counterweight traction mechanism, and both ends thereof through the diverting pulleys and the ends of the balance arm is attached to the balance weight is connected to the carrier on both sides of the trolley.
  • the control system tracks the forward tilting moment generated by the boom, the lifting hook, the lifting wire rope and the hoisting weight in real time, when the balance arm, the balance weight, the balance weight carrying the trolley And the back-tilt moment generated by other accessories on the balance arm is not within the range of 70 ⁇ 80% of the forward tilting moment, the control system starts the counterweight traction mechanism, and the balance heavy-duty trolley drives the balance weight to adjust the position before and after the balance arm to change
  • the reclining torque controls the reclining torque within the range of 70 to 80% of the forward tilting moment.
  • a balance arm pitching mechanism is mounted on the balance arm, the balance arm tilt mechanism includes a hoisting and a wire rope; the balance arm maintains a horizontal state in an operating state, and the tower crane is disassembled,
  • the balance arm can be tilted by the wire rope of the balance arm pitching mechanism in the vertical plane around the hinge point of the boom luffing mechanism by the hoist of the balance arm pitching mechanism, and finally gathered on the side of the tower head to reduce
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of the upper hook of the small tower crane enable the dedicated tower crane to be retracted through the top window of the completed tower to realize the disassembly of the dedicated tower crane inside the tower.
  • the balance arm pitch mechanism is mounted on the balance arm.
  • the steel hook base is provided with a tower body, and the tower body is provided with a jacking frame, and the tower top A slewing bearing device and a tower head are sequentially installed from bottom to top, and the balance arm and the 3 ⁇ 4 arm are respectively hinged to opposite outer ends of the slewing bearing device; the outer sides of the four corners of the attaching frame which are sleeved on the outer side of the tower body pass through the wire rope and
  • the lifting tower is connected to the ground; the lifting mechanism and the control room are located on the ground, and the lifting mechanism is connected to the hook mounted on the boom by the lifting wire rope to realize the lifting movement of the hook; the control room
  • the control of the above five parts is realized by connecting the control cable to the hoisting mechanism, the movable balance weight system, the boom luffing mechanism, the slewing mechanism and the jacking mechanism.
  • the boom adopts a space truss hook, which is formed by connecting the boom sections (at least two sections) through a pin, the boom luffing hook includes a hoist and a wire rope; one end of the boom The slewing bearing device is hinged, and the wire rope of the boom luffing mechanism is connected to the other end of the boom through the top of the tower head, and the boom is pitched in a vertical plane around the hinge point under the pulling of the wire rope:
  • the hoist of the arm luffing mechanism realizes the pitch sag of the jib by retracting the wire rope of the jib luffing machine hook.
  • the steel structure base is welded by a section steel and a steel plate, and is mounted on the concrete platform by a pedal bolt.
  • the jacking frame adopts a space truss structure, and a jacking mechanism is mounted thereon; when the tower crane is in operation, the jacking rack is not connected with the tower body; when the tower body needs to be lifted, The jacking frame is connected to the tower body by a jacking mechanism, and is lifted and lowered.
  • a plurality of standard sections of the tower body are stacked and assembled, and a pin joint is used between each two adjacent standard sections; the standard section has an empty truss structure.
  • two (L-shaped) or four-piece (flat-frame) standard segments can be connected by bolts or pin shafts.
  • the slewing bearing device comprises an upper and a lower slewing bearing and a slewing mechanism, and the slewing mechanism realizes a relative rotational movement of the upper and lower slewing bearings, and the lower slewing bearing is fixed to the top end of the tower body a top end of the upper rotary support is mounted with a tower head, and one side of the upper swing end of the upper swing support is hinged with the boom, and the upper end of the upper swing end opposite to the boom is hinged with a balance arm .
  • a roller for vertically moving along the tower body is mounted on the inner side of the frame, and a connecting plate is welded to the outer sides of the four corners of the attaching frame, and the connecting plate is respectively connected to the tower to be assembled by the attached wire rope.
  • the special tower crane for group tower construction of the present invention equipped with a movable balance weight system has the following beneficial effects;
  • the special tower crane has stable braking and small impact.
  • the speed control is flexible, it can realize stepless speed regulation, and the positioning accuracy is high when lifting the tower.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a tower tower crane equipped with a movable balance weight system according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a boom, wherein Fig. 2(a) is an example of a boom composed of two sections of lifting sections Schematic diagram, Fig. 2(b) is a schematic view of an embodiment of a boom composed of three sections of lifting sections, and Fig. 2(c) is a schematic sectional view of the boom;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the balance arm and the movable balance weight system
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a special tower crane equipped with a movable balance weight system using a hook hoisting tower lining according to the present invention. Concrete form
  • a tower tower dedicated tower crane equipped with a movable balance weight system for assembling a transmission line tower mainly includes: a steel structure base 1, and a jacking Casing 2, tower body 3, squatting frame 4, attached wire rope 5 , slewing bearing device 6, boom 7, hook 8, tower 9, cable 10, balance arm 11, movable balance weight system 12, The boom luffing mechanism 13, the hoisting mechanism 14, and the control room 15.
  • the steel structure base 1 is welded from a section steel and a steel plate and is mounted on a concrete cap.
  • the anchor bolt is embedded in the concrete cap casting, and the steel structure base 1 and the concrete cap are connected by the anchor bolts to bear the weight of the special tower crane and the suspended tower and the unbalance moment of the tower body.
  • the tower body 3 is assembled by stacking a plurality of standard sections.
  • the standard section is a space truss structure, which is welded by a type of copper and has a square cross section. A bolted connection is used between the adjacent standard sections.
  • the bottom of the tower body 3 is integrally connected with the steel structure base 1 using a pin shaft, thereby ensuring that the force of the dedicated tower crane can be transmitted through the tower body 3 to the steel structure base 1 and the concrete cap.
  • the attachment frame 4 is placed outside the tower body.
  • the paying frame 4 is square, and a roller is mounted on the inner side thereof, and the roller is in contact with the main chord of the standard section, and a connecting plate is welded on the outer side of the four corners of the attaching frame, and is carried out through the wire rope 5 and the tower to be assembled as shown in FIG. Connected to ensure the stability of the tower crane when the tower is raised or lowered.
  • the jacking frame 2 is also mounted on the steel structure base.
  • the jacking frame 2 is a space truss structure and is fixedly connected to the steel structure base 1 using a bolt.
  • the tower body 3 is located inside the jacking frame 2.
  • the jacking frame 2 is provided with a jacking mechanism composed of a jacking hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pumping station and a jacking control cabinet. When the dedicated tower crane is hoisting, the jacking frame 2 is not connected with the tower body 3; when it is required to raise or lower the tower body, the jacking hydraulic cylinder and the tower body of the jacking frame 2 Connected so that the tower body can be jacked up.
  • a slewing bearing 6 is mounted on the top of the tower body 3.
  • the slewing bearing device 6 is composed of a lower slewing abutment, an upper slewing abutment and a slewing mechanism, and the slewing mechanism realizes a relative rotational movement of the lower slewing abutment and the upper slewing abutment.
  • the lower pivot bearing of the slewing bearing 6 is fixedly connected to the tower body by bolts.
  • the outer end of the upper swivel support of the slewing bearing 6 articulates the boom 7, and the balance arm 11 is hinged at the outer end of the other side of the upper swivel support opposite the boom 7.
  • the rotation of the upper structure of the boom 7, the tower head 9, the balance arm 11 and the like can be realized under the premise that the tower body is not moving, and the pylon can be realized in the circumferential range centered on the tower body.
  • the lifting inside is in place.
  • the boom 7 is a space truss structure and is assembled by a 2 ⁇ '3 section boom joint through a pin joint.
  • 2 is a schematic view of the boom 7 , wherein FIG. 2 ( a ) is an inverted schematic view of a boom composed of two sections of lifting sections, and FIG. 2 ( b ) is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a boom composed of three sections of lifting sections .
  • the boom 7 includes a boom section such as a first section 31, a tail section 32 and an intermediate section 33, wherein the intermediate section 33 can determine whether to install according to the actual lifting width, to increase or shorten the length of the boom, and to improve the dedicated tower type. The economics of crane use.
  • the pin shafts 34 are fixedly connected between the boom sections to form a carrier.
  • the end of the first section 31 is provided with a pin hole 35 for articulating the 3 ⁇ 4 pin shaft with the upper swing support of the slewing bearing device 6, so that the boom 7 can be at the variable amplitude wire rope of the boom luffing mechanism 13. Pulling down the hinge point to make a pitch motion in a vertical plane.
  • the cross section of the boom 7 is triangular (Fig. 2(c)), and mainly includes a top chord 36, a lower chord 37, a side web 38 and a bottom web 39.
  • the balance arm 11 adopts a plane frame structure or a space truss structure, and the plane frame structure is implemented as shown in FIG. 3, one end of which is hinged to the outer end of the upper slewing support of the slewing bearing device 6, and the other end is connected by the cable 10 and The top of the tower head 9 is connected.
  • a balance arm pitching mechanism is mounted on the balance arm ii, and the balance arm pitch mechanism includes a hoist and a wire rope: the balance arm is kept horizontal under the working state, and when the tower crane is disassembled, the balance arm can be made in the hoist of the balance arm pitch mechanism [3]
  • the wire rope passing through the balance arm pitching mechanism is swung in a vertical plane around the hinge point of the boom luffing mechanism 13, and finally gathered on one side of the tower head 9 to reduce the structure of the tower crane upper structure. Section size.
  • the movable counterweight system 12 is comprised of a counterweight 21, a counterweight carrying trolley 22, a counterweight traction mechanism 23, a traction wire rope 24, a diverting pulley 25, and a control system 26.
  • the balance weight carrier 22 is suspended from the lower chord of the balance arm 11 and the balance weight 21 is suspended thereon. According to the change of the forward tilting moment generated by the boom 7 and the hoisting weight, the counterweight carrying trolley 22 can carry the balance weight 21 to move along the balance arm 11 under the driving of the counterweight traction mechanism 23 and the traction wire rope 24, thereby reducing The unbalanced moment that the tower body 3 is subjected to.
  • the balance weight traction mechanism 23 and the control system 26 are mounted on the balance arm, and the tie rope 24 bypasses the balance weight traction mechanism 23, and the two ends thereof respectively pass through the diverting pulley 25 and the balance weight installed at both ends of the balance arm Both ends of the carrying cart 22 are connected.
  • the principle of balance weight movement is:
  • the control system implements the forward tilting torque generated by the tracking boom, lifting hook, lifting wire rope and hoisting weight, when the balance arm, the counterweight, the balance weight carrying trolley and the balance arm generate other parts.
  • the control system starts the counterweight traction mechanism, and the balance heavy-duty trolley drives the balance weight to adjust the position of the balance arm before and after the balance arm to change the backward tilting moment.
  • the tilting moment is controlled within the range of 70 to 80% of the forward tilting moment.
  • the movable balance weight system 12 monitors the forward tilting moment generated by the boom and the hoisting weight in real time through the control system 26, and adjusts the position of the balance weight at any time, thereby greatly reducing the bending moment of the tower body 3, thereby reducing the tower section size and Weight, easy to transport, assemble and disassemble and carry.
  • a boom luffing mechanism 13 which includes a hoist and a wire rope.
  • a tower head 9 is also mounted on the upper slewing seat of the slewing bearing unit 6.
  • the tower head 9 is a four-sided bench-top space truss structure that is fixedly coupled to the upper swing support using a bolt.
  • the boom luffing wire rope of the boom luffing mechanism 13 is connected to the end of the boom 7 through the top of the tower head 9, and the pitch of the boom is realized by the boom luffing mechanism 13 hoisting and retracting the boom luffing wire rope Variable amplitude.
  • the horizontal position adjustment of the suspended tower member can be realized by the luffing operation of the boom 7.
  • the hoisting mechanism 14 and the control room 15 are arranged on the ground.
  • the hoisting mechanism 14 is connected to the hook 8 by lifting the Dan wire rope, and the lifting movement of the hook 8 can be realized.
  • the control room 15 is connected to the hoisting mechanism 14, the movable balance weight system 12, the boom luffing mechanism 13, the slewing mechanism, and the ejector mechanism by a control cable to realize centralized control of the machine hook.
  • the utility model relates to a group tower dedicated tower lifting balance arm equipped with a movable balance weight system, which is equipped with a movable balance weight system, which greatly reduces the bending moment of the tower body under working and non-working conditions, and reduces
  • the small tower body size and weight are convenient for transportation, assembly and disassembly, and reduce the manufacturing and use cost.
  • it has the opening mechanism, the boom luffing mechanism, the rotary structure and the jacking mechanism. It has complete functions and flexible lifting method. , there are few construction workers, - the assembly of UHV transmission line towers that can meet the large lifting torque T.
  • the tower crane of the invention reduces the unbalanced moment of the tower body by the movable balance weight, improves the stress state of the tower body, reduces the cross-sectional size and weight of the tower body, and satisfies the assembly requirements of the heavy-duty UHV tower It is convenient for the installation, disassembly and transportation of tower cranes for towers. At the same time, the tower body adopts the standard section of the chip to simplify the crane. Transportation and loading and unloading, meeting the construction and transportation requirements under complex terrain such as mountain mud.

Abstract

一种安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔塔式起重机，包括钢结构底座（1）、顶升套架（2）、塔身（3）、附着框（4）、附着钢丝绳（5）、回转支承装置（6）、吊臂（7）、吊钩（8）、塔头（9）、拉索（10）、平衡臂（11）、吊臂变幅机构（13）、起升机构（14）、控制室（15）和可移动式平衡重系统（12），所述平衡重系统（12）包括平衡重（21）、平衡重承载小车（22）、平衡重牵引机构（23）、牵引钢丝绳（24）、转向滑轮（25）和控制系统（26），平衡重承载小车（22）承载着平衡重（21）沿平衡臂（11）移动；可移动平衡重可减小塔身所受不平衡力矩，改善塔身受力状况，提高塔机的起重能力或在同等起重能力下降低塔身截面尺寸和重量，从而降低加工成本，方便运输拆装及现场搬运。本发明具有塔身结构尺寸和重量小、安全性高、吊装灵活、施工效率高等优点，可满足各电压等级、各型输电线路铁塔的组立需要。

Description

本发明属于架空输电线路施工装备领域， 具体涉及 于组立输电线路铁塔的安装有 可移动式平衡重系统的组塔专 ffi塔式起重机。
杆塔组立施工是输电线路施工中工作量大、 施工难度高、 危险因素多的施工环节。 目前 国外主要使用大型流动式起重机或直升机进行组塔施工， 如美国、 加拿大等国家已普遍使用 大型流动式起重机或直升机组塔， 而国内组塔施工的主要设备是各种形式的抱杆。 输变电施 工用抱杆 （包括单抱杆、 摇臂抱杆等） 属轻小型起重设备， 是我国目前架空输电线路铁塔组 立施工中普遍使用的简易起重设备， 在国外很少使用。 抱衧在施工中需要设置多道拉线， 施 工过程复杂， 配合要求高， 同时其质量参差不齐。 受地形复杂、 交通不便等条件制约， 很多 塔位大型流动式起重机无法到达， 而大规模使用直升机进行组塔目前在我国尚不具备条件。 随着输电线路电压等级的提高， 铁塔的塔形尺寸和重量显著增加， 安装精度要求日趋提高， 施工难度也越来越大， 同时， 对施工安全提出了更高要求， 因此开发适合我国当前国情的新 型组塔施工装备的需求日趋迫切。
基于传统双摇臂抱衧原理， 近几年国内输电线路施工单位研制了几款大型落地抱杆用于 组塔施工。 按 ffi臂工作方式不同， 大型落地抱杆可分为落地双平臂抱衧和落地双摇臂抱衧， 其中落地双平臂抱杆两侧的吊臂工诈时始终保持水平， 通过吊臂上的可移动式载重小车沿吊 臂方向的往复运动实现吊重水平位置的调整， 而落地双摇臂抱杆工作时則通过两俩吊臂的俯 仰实现吊重水平位置的改变。 上述大型落地抱杆主要有江苏省送变电公司研制的落地双摇臂 抱杆、 湖北省输变电工程公司研制的落地双平臂抱杆、 山东送变电工程公司研制的平衡力矩 组塔起重机 （形式与落地双平臂抱杆基本相同） 等， 这些大型落地抱杆在结钩形式上与建筑 用塔式起重机相叙， 主要区别在于使用了双吊臂方案， 即在塔头两侧对称安装了两个吊臂， 可两侧同时工作， 但需两侧吊臂同时起吊、 同时就位， 对施工配合要求极高、 占用场地大、 受地形制约明显、 施工人员多。
现有技术中还有中国电力科学研究院研发的一款组塔塔式起重机， 其采用了单吊臂、 无 平衡臂的设计方案， 并在特高压输电线路施工中得到应用， 但由于其吊臂长度较短 （单纯加 长吊臂将导致吊臂重量显著增大）、没有安装平衡臂等不足，导致其塔身截面尺寸和重量较大， 无法满足特高压线路大重量铁塔的组立需要。 虽然现有技术中对组塔塔式起重机 iii做过很多 研究， 但均存在不足之处， 例如：
公开号为 CN102491199A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种塔式起重机及其平衡臂，平衡臂 包括： 臂节， 臂节包括第 ·臂节、 第二臂节、 以及可拆卸地依次连接在第一臂节和第二臂节 之间的至少一个中间臂节； 平衡重， 平衡重设置在第一臂节上； 支架， 支架设置在第二臂节 上； 长度可调节的拉杆， 拉衧的一端与支架可拆卸地连接， 拉衧的另一端与第一臂节的多个 不同的连接位置中的任一个连接位置可拆卸地连接。 该发明在改变平衡重同拉杆的中心线与 第一臂节的中心线的交点之间的距离， 从而改善了臂节的受力情况。 该发明的目的在于改变 平衡重同拉杆的中心线与第一臂节的中心线的交点之间的距离，从而改善了臂节的受力情况。 该发明的工作原理是通过调整平衡臂的长度以改变平衡重的位置， 通过加入或拆除平衡臂的 臂节， 以改变平衡臂的长度， 迸而改变平衡重的位置。 为了改善平衡臂长度变化后， 由于拉 杆角度变化对平衡臂受力的不利影响， 该发明通过在平衡臂端部设置多个拉杆连接孔， 保证 拉杆与平衡臂交点在平衡重重心附近， 认而改善平衡臂的受力。 该发明的目的和原理均与本 申请无关。
公告号为 CN202744238U的中国实用新型专利公开了一种自动控制平衡的塔式起重机，包 括塔身、 平衡臂、 起重臂、 平衡小车、 起重小车、 钢丝绳和吊钩， 平衡小车上设有平衡重， 还包括有控制器， 所述的起重小车设置有检测起重小车位置的编码器 I , 平衡小车设置有检 测平衡小车位置的编码器 II， 平衡小车和起重小车均为电机驱动的电动小车， 起重小车、 钢 丝绳或者吊钩上设有检测起吊重物重量的重量传感器， 控制器 ]¾于接收编码器 I、 编码器 Π: 和重量传感的检测信号和用于控制平衡小车和起重小车的电机。 该实用新型的应用对象是平 臂塔式起重机， 本申请为动臂塔式起重机， 两者的工作原理不同。 该实用新型也没有给出平 衡重移动机构的具体布置及工作原理， 与本申请具有显著不同。
公开号为 CN101624165A 的中国发明专利公幵了一种组合平衡重装置及采 ]¾该装置的起 重机， 针对现有平衡重装置无法实现前后方向移动的问题， 该专利所述组合平衡重装置包括 平衡臂本体、 两个水平滑轨、 平衡重支架、 两个竖向油缸和两个水平油缸； 其中， 竖直油缸 通过两个竖直油缸的缸体固定于所述平衡重支架上， 所述平衡重支架在两个水平油缸的作用 下可沿固定设置在转台尾部两侧的水平滑轨前后滑移。 平衡重本体可以沿前后方向移动， 向 后滑移可有效提高起重机在大臂长、 大幅度工况下的整机稳定性； ^前滑移能减少整车的长 度， 使起重机布置紧凑， 同时， 在弯道行驶时具有较小的转弯直径， 提高了起重机的行驶性 能。 该发明用于流动式起重机， 主要用于解决大吨位流动式起重机在非吊重状态和转场状态 下整机长度过长问题， 通过设置两个水平油缸实现平衡重沿水平方向前、 后移动， 在工作状 态下， 该平衡重的位置则是固定不变的， 与本申请有着本质区别。
公告号为 CN201770430U的中国实用新型专利公开了一种自动平衡塔式起重机，其解决了 现有塔式起重机由于平衡臂和起重臂受力不同导致失衡情况较严重以及套架升高时存在费时 费力的问题。 该起重机的结构为： 平衡臂上分别设有平衡重和变幅机构， 平衡臂上固定有串 接在其电机的供电回路中的水平开关， 平衡臂的尾部固定有行程开关且行程开关分别串接在 平衡臂和起重臂电机的供电回路中。 克服了现有塔式起重机由于平衡臂和起重臂受力不同导 致失衡情况较严重以及套架升高时存在费时费力的问题， 起重臂和平衡臂始终保持在一个水 平状态， 有效提高了生产的安全性， 而且通过改变塔身的结构使得套架的升高作业省时省力， 有效提高了施工效率， 同时具有结构简单、 成本低等优点。 该实用新型说明 "起重臂和平衡 臂始终保持在一个水平状态"， 即应用对象为水平臂塔式起重机， 本申请为动臂塔式起重机， 且加装平衡重移动功能的目的是为控制塔机前倾力矩和后倾力矩差值， 减小塔身所受力矩， 从而改善塔身受力， 减小塔身截面尺寸和重量； 此外， 该实用新型中反复强调 "使平衡臂和 起重臂上的重力相同， 平衡臂和起重臂处于水平状态"。 在控制策略上， "平衡臂和起重臂发 生另一侧倾斜时"的描述是错误的， "使平衡臂和起重臂上的重力相同 "这将导致平衡重很重， 不适于输电线路组塔使用。
公开号为 CN102862921A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种具有位置可变的平衡重的移动 式提升起重机， 包括： 具有可移动的地面接合部件的车体； 转动地连接到车体上从而可相对 地面接合部件摆动的转台； 枢转地安装在转台前部的悬臂； 以其第一端安装在转台上的桅杆; 连接在桅杆和转台的后部之 i司的后臂架： 可移动平衡重单元； 至少一个液压油缸； 以及至少 一个臂， 所述臂枢转地以其第一端连接到转台上、 以其第二端连接液压油缸。 所述臂和液压 油缸连接在转台和平衡重单元之间， A而， 液压油缸的伸缩使平衡重单元相对转台的位置发 生变化。 在一种操作方法中， 当由悬臂悬垂而 T的负载提升绳索上无负载时， 使平衡重定位 在桅杆顶部正下方的一个点的前方； 当提升绳索上支撑有负载时， 使平衡重定位在桅杆顶部 后方； 在起重机的拾取、 移动和放置操作过程中， 可移动平衡重从不由地面支撑， 而是由地 面接合部件间接地支撑在车体上。 在另一个实施例中， 所述起重机用于执行负载的拾取、 移 动和放置， 其中通过在拾取、 移动及放置操作的过程中使液压油缸伸缩， 使可移动平衡重移 近或远离转台， 以帮助平衡负载， 但平衡重单元从不由地面支撑， 而是由地面接合部件间接 地支撑在车体上。 该发明针对超大吨位流动式起重机附加平衡重较大的问题， 提出了个连杆 机构调整平衡重的位置。 而本申请是通过平衡重钢丝绳变幅机构实现， 二者的工作原理不同。
针对现有技术的不足， 本发明提出了一种用于输电线路铁塔组立的安装有可移动式平衡 重系统的组塔专用塔式起重机。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种 ^于组立输电线路铁塔的安装有可移动式平衡重系统的专用 塔式起重机， 用于满足特高压输电线路铁塔的组立施工需求。
为实现上述目的， 本发明采取以下技术方案- 一种安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔塔式起重机， 包括钢结构底座、 顶升套架、 塔身、 附着框、 附着钢丝绳、 回转支承装置、 吊臂、 吊钩、 塔头、 拉索、 平衡臂、 吊臂变幅机构、 起升机构和控制室， 其特征在于： 该起重机还包括可移动式平衡重系统， 所述平衡重系统包 括平衡重、 平衡重承载小车、 平衡重牵引机构、 牵引钢丝绳、 转向滑轮和控制系统， 所述平 衡重承载小车承载着平衡重在平衡重牵引机构和牵引钢丝绳的带动下沿平衡臂移动； 所述平 衡臂采用平面框架结钩或空间桁架结构， 其一端与回转支承装置连接， 另一端通过拉索与塔 头顶部连接； 悬挂于平衡臂上的所述平衡重承载小车上悬挂有平衡重， 所述平衡重牵引机构 和控制系统均安装在平衡臂上， 所述牵引钢丝绳绕过所述平衡重牵引机构、 且其两端分别通 过安装于平衡臂两端的转向滑轮与平衡重承载小车的两侧连接。
进一步地， 所述平衡重沿平衡臂移动的原则为： 控制系统实时跟踪吊臂、 起重吊钩、 起 吊钢丝绳和吊重产生的前倾力矩， 当平衡臂、 平衡重、 平衡重承载小车及平衡臂上其它附件 产生的后倾力矩不在前倾力矩的 70〜80%区间内时，控制系统启动平衡重牵引机构，平衡重承 载小车带动平衡重沿平衡臂前后进行位置调整以改变后倾力矩， 使后倾力矩控制在前倾力矩 的 70〜80%区间内。
迸一步地， 所述平衡臂上安装有平衡臂俯仰机构， 所述平衡臂俯 ^机构包括卷扬 和钢 丝绳； 所述平衡臂在工作状态下保持水平状态， 在拆卸塔式起重机 ^， 所述平衡臂可在平衡 臂俯仰机构的卷扬机作用下通过平衡臂俯仰机构的钢丝绳在竖直平面内绕与吊臂变幅机构的 铰接点做俯仰运动， 最终收拢于所述塔头一侧， 以减小塔式起重机上部结钩的截面尺寸， 使 专用塔式起重机可通过已组立完成的铁塔顶部窗口退下， 实现在铁塔内部拆卸专用塔式起重 机。 所述平衡臂俯仰机构安装于平衡臂上。
迸一步地， 所述钢结钩底座上设有塔身， 所述塔身外部套装有顶升套架， 所述塔身顶部 由下至上依次安装有回转支承装置和塔头， 所述平衡臂和 ¾臂分别铰接于回转支承装置的相 对两侧外端； 套设于塔身外侧的附着框的四角外侧通过 ^着钢丝绳与待组立铁塔相连接； 所 述起开机构和控制室位于地面上，所述起升机构通过起升钢丝绳与安装在吊臂上的吊钩连接， 实现吊钩的升降运动； 所述控制室通过控制电缆与起升机构、 -可移动式平衡重系统、 吊臂变 幅机构、 回转机构和顶升机构相连接， 以实现对上述五部分的控制。
迸一步地， 所述吊臂采用空间桁架结钩， 由吊臂节 （至少采用 2节）通过销轴连接而成, 所述吊臂变幅 钩包括卷扬机和钢丝绳； 所述吊臂的一端与回转支承装置相铰接、 所述吊臂 变幅机构的钢丝绳通过塔头顶部与吊臂的另一端连接， 所述吊臂在该钢丝绳的牵拉下绕铰接 点在竖直平面内 俯仰运动： 吊臂变幅机构的卷扬机通过收放吊臂变幅机钩的钢丝绳， 实现 吊臂的俯仰变幅。
进 ·步地， 所述钢结构底座由型钢和钢板焊接而成， 其通过地脚嫘栓安装在混凝土承台 上。
进一步地， 所述顶升套架采 ^空间桁架结构， 其上安装有顶升机构； 当塔式起重机作业 时， 所述顶升套架与塔身无连接； 当需要升降塔身时， 所述顶升套架通过顶升机构与塔身相 连， 对其迸行升降操作。
进一歩地， 所述塔身 若干标准节叠放组装而成， 每两个相邻标准节之间使用销轴连接; 所述标准节釆用空阆桁架结构。 根据塔身所受不平衡力矩大小可由两片 （L 型） 或四片 （平 面框架） 标准节片通过螺栓或销轴连接组成， 组装后截面为方形。
进一步地， 所述回转支承装置包括上、 下回转支座和回转机构， 通过所述回转机构实现 上、 下回转支座的相对旋转运动， 所述下回转支座与塔身的顶端相固接， 所述上回转支座的 顶端安装有塔头， 所述上回转支座的一侧外端铰接有所述吊臂、 与吊臂相对的上回转支座另 一侧外端铰接有平衡臂。
迸一步地， 所述付着框的内侧安装有用于沿塔身垂直移动的滚轮， 所述附着框的四角外 侧均焊接有连接板， 该连接板分别通过附着钢丝绳与待组立铁塔相连接。
与现有技术相比， 本发明之安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔施工用专用塔式起重机具 有如下有益效果；
1 ) 专 塔式起重机启、 制动平稳， 冲击小。
2) 速度控制灵活， 可实现无级调速， 吊装塔材时就位精度高。
3 )地面和塔上协同作业方便， 塔 /t地面组装完成即可吊装， 不需要考虑两侧起吊协同问 题， 吊装方式灵活。 4 ) 吊装过程中无需设置拉线， 操作人员少。
5 ) 地面布置简洁， 占用场地少。
6)安装有可移动式平衡重系统的专用塔式起重机塔身的受力状况好， 起重能力强， 安全 性 !¾。
7 )具备同等起重能力时， 安装有可移动式平衡重系统的专用塔式起重机对塔身截面及强 度要求低， 可以降低相关成本。 酎图说明
为了使本发明的内容被更清楚的理解， 并便于具体实施方式的描述， 下面给出与本发明 相关的 ^图， 说明如下：
图〗为本发明安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔塔式起重机实施例的结构示意图； 图 2为吊臂示意图， 其中图 2(a)为由 2节吊装节组成的吊臂实施例示意图， 图 2(b)为由 3 节吊装节组成的吊臂实施例示意图， 图 2(c)为吊臂截面示意图；
图 3为平衡臂和可移动式平衡重系统示意图；
图 4为本发明安装有可移动式平衡重系统的专用塔式起重机使用吊钩吊装塔衬示意圏。 具体实 1¾ 式
下面结合附图对本发明之安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组立铁塔施工用塔式起重机做进 一步详细的说明。
如图 1、 图 4所示， 本发明实施例的一种用于组立输电线路铁塔的安装有可移动式平衡 重系统的组塔专用塔式起重机， 主要包括： 钢结构底座 1、 顶升套架 2、 塔身 3、 ϋ着框 4、 附着钢丝绳 5、 回转支承装置 6、 吊臂 7、 吊钩 8、 塔头 9、 拉索 10、 平衡臂 11、 可移动式平 衡重系统 12、 吊臂变幅机构 13、 起升机构 14和控制室 15。
所述钢结构底座 1 由型钢和钢板焊接而成， 安装在混凝土承台上。 在混凝土承台浇铸时 预埋有地脚螺栓， 钢结构底座 1与混凝土承台通过地脚螺栓连接， 以承受所述专用塔式起重 机及被吊塔件的重量及塔身不平衡力矩。
所述塔身 3由多个标准节叠放组装而成。所述标准节为空间桁架结构， 由型铜焊接而成， 截面为方形。 所述相邻标准节之间使用螺栓固定连接。 吊装作业时， 塔身 3底部与所述钢结 构底座 1使用销轴连接成整体， Α而保证专用塔式起重机受力可通过所述塔身 3传递至所述 钢结构底座 1及混凝土承台； 加高或降低塔身时， 拔出所述塔身 3底部与所述钢结构底座 i 的连接销轴， 即可解除塔身与钢结构底座的连接， 丛而可通过顶丹 构将塔身顶起， 丛塔身 下部加入新的标准节以加高塔身。
所述附着框 4套装在塔身外侧。 所述付着框 4为方形， 其内侧安装有滚轮， 滚轮与标准 节的主弦杆接触滚动， 附着框四角外侧焊接有连接板， 通过 着钢丝绳 5与如图 4所示的待 组立铁塔进行连接， 保证加高或降低塔身时塔机的稳定。
所述钢结构底座〗 上还安装有所述顶升套架 2。 所述顶升套架 2为空间桁架结构， 与所 述钢结构底座 1使用嫘栓固定连接。 所述塔身 3位于所述顶升套架 2内部。 所述顶升套架 2 上安装有由顶升液压油缸、 液压泵站及顶升控制柜组成的顶升机构。 在专用塔式起重机吊装 作业时， 所述顶升套架 2与所述塔身 3无连接； 当需要加高或降低塔身时， 所述顶升套架 2 的顶升液压油缸与塔身连接， 从而可将塔身顶起。
所述塔身 3顶部安装有回转支承装置 6。 所述回转支承装置 6由下回转支座、 上回转支 座和回转机构组成， 回转机构实现下回转支座和上回转支座的相对旋转运动。 所述回转支承 装置 6的下回转支座与塔身使 ¾螺栓固定连接。 所述回转支承装置 6的上回转支座外端铰接 所述吊臂 7, 在与吊臂 7相对的上回转支座另一侧外端铰接平衡臂 11。 通过回转支承装置郎 可保证在塔身不动的前提下实现吊臂 7、 塔头 9、 平衡臂 11等上部结构的转动， 丛而实现被 吊塔件能够在以塔身为中心的圆周范围内的吊装就位。
所述吊臂 7为空间桁架结构， 由 2〜'3节吊臂节通过销轴连接组装而成。 图 2所示为所述 吊臂 7示意图， 其中图 2(a)为由 2节吊装节组成的吊臂实施倒示意图， 图 2(b)为由 3节吊装 节组成的吊臂实施例示意图。 所述吊臂 7包括首节 31、 尾节 32和中间节 33等吊臂节， 其中 所述中间节 33可根据实际吊装幅度需要决定是否安装， 以增加或缩短吊臂长度， 提高专用塔 式起重机使用的经济性。 吊臂节之间使 ^销轴 34固定连接成为一个承载整体。 所述首节 31 的端部带有销轴孔 35 , 可使 ¾销轴与回转支承装置 6的上回转支座铰接连接， 使吊臂 7可在 吊臂变幅机构 13的变幅钢丝绳的牵拉下绕铰接点在竖直平面内做俯仰运动。所述吊臂 7的截 面为三角型 （图 2(c)) , 主要包括上弦衧 36、 下弦杆 37、 侧面腹杆 38和底面腹杆 39。
所述平衡臂 11采 平面框架结构或空间桁架结构， 其平面框架结构实施例如图 3所示， 其一端铰接于所述回转支承装置 6的上回转支座外端，另一端通过拉索 10与塔头 9顶部连接。 平衡臂 i i上安装有平衡臂俯仰机构， 所述平衡臂俯仰机构包括卷扬机和钢丝绳： 平衡臂在工 作状态下保持水平状态， 在拆卸塔式起重机时， 平衡臂可在平衡臂俯仰机构的卷扬机作 ]¾下 通过平衡臂俯仰机构的钢丝绳在竖直平面内绕与吊臂变幅机构 13的铰接点做俯^运动，最终 收拢于塔头 9的一侧， 以减小塔式起重机上部结构的截面尺寸。 所述可移动式平衡重系统 12由平衡重 21、 平衡重承载小车 22、 平衡重牵引机构 23、 牵 引钢丝绳 24、 转向滑轮 25及控制系统 26组成。 所述平衡重承载小车 22悬挂于所述平衡臂 11下弦杆上，其上悬挂有所述平衡重 21。根据所述吊臂 7和起吊重物产生的前倾力矩的变化, 平衡重承载小车 22可承载平衡重 21在平衡重牵引机构 23和牵引钢丝绳 24带动下沿平衡臂 11移动， 从而减小塔身 3所承受的不平衡力矩。 所述平衡重牵引机构 23和控制系统 26安装 在平衡臂上， 所述牵弓钢丝绳 24绕过所述平衡重牵引机构 23 , 其两端分别通过安装于平衡 臂两端的转向滑轮 25与平衡重承载小车 22的两端连接。
平衡重移动原则为： 控制系统实 '跟踪吊臂、 起重吊钩、 起吊钢丝绳和吊重产生的前倾 力矩， 当平衡臂、 平衡重、 平衡重承载小车及平衡臂上其它付件产生的后倾力矩不在前倾力 矩的 70〜80%区间内时，控制系统启动平衡重牵引机构，平衡重承载小车带动平衡重沿平衡臂 前后进行位置调整以改变后倾力矩， 使后倾力矩控制在前倾力矩的 70~80%区间内。
可移动式平衡重系统 12通过控制系统 26实时监测吊臂及吊重所产生的前倾力矩， 随时 调整平衡重的位置， 从而可以大大降低塔身 3弯矩， 从而降低塔身截面尺寸和重量， 方便运 输、 装拆和搬运。
所述平衡臂 10上安装有吊臂变幅机构 13 , 该吊臂变幅机构 13包括卷扬机和钢丝绳。 所述回转支承装置 6的上回转支座上还安装有塔头 9。 所述塔头 9为四棱台式空间桁架 结构， 其与上回转支座使用嫘栓固定连接。
所述吊臂变幅机构 13的吊臂变幅钢丝绳通过所述塔头 9顶部与吊臂 7端部连接，通过吊 臂变幅机构 13卷扬机收放吊臂变幅钢丝绳实现吊臂 Ί的俯仰变幅。 通过吊臂 7的变幅作业， 可实现被吊塔件的水平位置调整。
起升机构 14和控制室 15布置在地面。所述起升机构 14通过起升 构起丹钢丝绳与吊钩 8连接， 可实现吊钩 8的升降运动。 所述控制室 15通过控制电缆与起升机构 14、 可移动式平 衡重系统 12、 吊臂变幅机构 13、 回转机构、 顶开机构连接， 实现对上述机钩的集中控制。
本发明之一种安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔专用塔式起重 的平衡臂安装有可移动 式平衡重系统， 大大降低了工作及非工作状态下塔身所受弯矩， 减小的塔身截面尺寸和重量, 方便了运输、 装拆和使用， 降低了制造和使用成本， 同时具有起开机构、 吊臂变幅机构、 回 转 构、 顶升机构， 功能齐全， 吊装方式灵活， 施工人员少， -可满足大起重力矩 T的特高压 输电线路铁塔的组立。 本发明的塔式起重机通过可移动式平衡重减小塔身所受不平衡力矩， 改善塔身受力状况， 减小塔身截面尺寸和重量， 满足重量较大的特高压铁塔的组立需要， 方 便组塔专用塔式起重机的安装、 拆卸与运输， 同时塔身采 ^分片式标准节， 可简化起重机的 运输及装卸， 满足山地泥沼等复杂地形下的施工运输要求。
最后应当说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制， 尽管参照 上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解； 依然可以对本 发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换， 而未脱离本发明精神和范 I的任何修改或者等 同替换， 其均应涵盖在本发 ¾!的权利要求范围当中。

Claims

1、 一种安装有可移动式平衡重系统的组塔塔式起重机， 包括钢结构底座、 顶升套架、 塔 身、 附着框、 附着钢丝绳、 回转支承装置、 吊臂、 吊钩、 塔头、 拉索、 平衡臂、 吊臂变幅机 构、 起升机构和控制室， 其特征在于； 该起重机还包括可移动式平衡重系统， 所述平衡重系 统包括平衡重、 平衡重承载小车、 平衡重牵引机构、 牵引钢丝绳、 转向滑轮和控制系统， 所 述平衡重承载小车承载着平衡重在平衡重牵引机构和牵引钢丝绳的带动下沿平衡臂移动； 所 述平衡臂采用平面框架结构或空间桁架结构， 其一端与回转支承装置连接， 另一端通过拉索 与塔头顶部连接； 悬挂于平衡臂上的所权述平衡重承载小车上悬挂有平衡重， 所述平衡重牵引 机构和控制系统均安装在平衡臂上， 所述牵引钢丝绳绕过所述平衡重牵弓机构、 旦其两端分 别通过安装于平衡臂两端的转向滑轮与平衡重承载小车的两侧连接。
2、 如权利要求〗所述的塔式起重机， 其特征在于求： 所述平衡重沿平衡臂移动的原则为 - 控制系统实时跟踪吊臂、 起重吊钩、 起吊钢丝绳和吊重产生的前倾力矩， 当平衡臂、 平衡重、 平衡重承载小车及平衡臂上其它 Ρίί件产生的后倾力矩不在前倾力矩的 70〜80%区间内寸，控制 系统启动平衡重牵引机构， 平衡重承载小车带动平衡重沿平衡臂前后进行位置调整以改变后 倾力矩， 使后倾力矩控制在前倾力矩的 70〜80%区间内。
3、如权利要求 i所述的塔式起重机，其特征在于：所述平衡臂上安装有平衡臂俯仰机构， 所述平衡臂俯仰机构包括卷扬机和钢丝绳； 所述平衡臂在工诈状态下保持水平状态， 在拆卸 塔式起重机时， 所述平衡臂可在平衡臂俯仰机构的卷扬机作用下通过平衡臂俯仰机构的钢丝 绳在竖直平面内绕与吊臂变幅机构的铰接点傲俯仰运动， 最终收拢于所述塔头一侧， 以减小 塔式起重机上部结构的截面尺寸。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的塔式起重机， 其特征在于： 所述铜结构底座上设有塔身， 所述塔 身外部套装有顶升套架， 所述塔身顶部由下至上依次安装有回转支承装置和塔头， 所述平衡 臂和吊臂分别铰接于回转支承装置的相对两侧外端； 套设于塔身外侧的附着框的四角外侧通 过 ^着钢丝绳与待组立铁塔相连接； 所述起丹机构和控制室位于地面上， 所述起升机构通过 起升钢丝绳与安装在吊臂上的吊钩连接， 实现吊钩的升降运动； 所述控制室通过控制电缆与 起升机构、 可移动式平衡重系统、 吊臂变幅机构、 回转机构和顶升机构相连接， 以实现对上 述各机构的控制。
5、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的塔式起重机， 其特征在于： 所述吊臂采用空间桁架结构， 由 吊臂节通过销轴连接而成， 所述吊臂变幅机构包括卷扬机和钢丝绳； 所述吊臂的一端与回转 支承装置相铰接、 所述 ¾臂变幅 构的钢丝绳通过塔头顶部与吊臂的另一端连接， 所述吊臂 在该钢丝绳的牵拉下绕铰接点在竖直平面内作俯仰运动； 吊臂变幅机构的卷扬机通过收放吊 臂变幅机构的钢丝绳， 实现吊臂的俯^变幅。
6、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的塔式起重机， 其特征在于； 所述钢结钩底座 ώ型钢和钢板焊 接而成， 其通过地脚螺栓安装在混凝土承台上。
7、如权利要求 1或 4所述的塔式起重机，其特征在于：所述顶升套架采用空间桁架结构， 其上安装有顶升机构； 当塔式起重机作业时， 所述顶升套架与塔身无连接； 当需要升降塔身 时， 所述顶升套架通过顶升机构与塔身相连， 对其进行升降操作。
8、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的塔式起重机， 其特征在于： 所述塔身由若干标准节叠放组装 而成， 每两个相邻标准节之间使用销轴连接； 所述标准节采用空间桁架结构。
9、 如权利要求〗或 4所述的塔式起重机， 其特征在于： 所述回转支承装置包括上、 下回 转支座和回转机钩， 通过所述回转机构实现上、 下回转支座的相对旋转运动， 所述下回转支 座与塔身的顶端相固接， 所述上回转支座的顶端安装有塔头， 且其两侧外端分别与平衡臂和 吊臂的端部相铰接。
10、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的塔式起重机， 其特征在于： 所述附着框的内侧安装有用于 沿塔身垂直移动的滚轮， 所述附着框的四角外侧均焊接有连接板， 该连接板分别通过^着钢 丝绳与待组立铁塔相连接。
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