Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
  • C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D249/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4196—1,2,4-Triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

• This invention is directed to novel triazolones, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds are dual antagonists of PPARa and PPAR8, and are useful in the treatment of prostate, breast, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers.
• the invention disclosed herein is further directed to methods of treating prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers comprising administration of a compound that is an antagonist of both PPARa and PPAR8.
• the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are also useful in the treatment of viral infections, such as HCV infections and HIV infections.
• PPARa is known to be an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation. See Pyper, et. al. , Nucl. Recept. Signal. 8:e002., e002 (2010). It has been reported that expression of the PPARa gene can be higher in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) making this cancer type sensitive to therapies aimed at reducing FAO (Samudio et al, J. Clin. Invest. 120:142-156 (2010)). This effect may generalize to several cancer types.
• CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• ovarian cancer and breast cancer (Linher-Melville et al, 2011, BMC, 4; 11 :56), thrive in an adipose rich environment and as a result can be negatively impacted by targeted therapies that reduce fatty acid metabolism (Nieman et al, 2011, Nat Med. 2011 Oct 30;17(11):1498-503).
• Still other cancers that rely on FAO include prostate cancer (Liu, Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis., 2006; 9(3):230-4), colon cancer (Holla et al, 2011, JCB 286(34):30003-30009), pancreatic cancer (Khasawneh et al, 2009, PNAS, 106(9):3354-3359) and lung cancer (Zaugg et al, 2011, Genes and Development, 25: 1041 -1051).
• GW6471 (Xu, et. al, Nature 415, 813-817 (2002)) and MK-866 (Kehrer, et. al, Biochem. J. 356, 899-906 (2001)) have been identified as antagonists of PPARa.
• MK-866 whose primary activity is as an inhibitor of FLAP, has been disclosed to induce apoptosis in a human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line in a FLAP-independent manner; and has also been disclosed to induce apoptosis in prostate and glioblastoma cell lines.
• PPAR8 is involved in lipid metabolism and may enable a shift from glucose to fatty acid utilization (Vamecq, et. al., PPAR Research, Vol. 2012, ID 304760). PPAR8 upregulates many of the same genes as PPARa and may compensate in PPARa deficient conditions. It may, therefore, be necessary to block both receptors with a dual antagonist in order to fully inhibit fatty acid oxidation.
• antagonism of PPARa and/or PPAR8 by small molecules provides a panoply of anti-cancer treatment opportunities to: reduce or halt proliferation; decrease or reverse immunosupression; enhance apoptosis; and increase susceptibility to other anti-cancer agents.
• These cancers include prostate, breast, colon and pancreatic cancer, among others.
• CML chronic myeloid leukemia
• HSC hematopoietic stem cell
• PPARa antagonists have also been shown to inhibit HCV replication and thereby prove useful in the treatment of HCV infection (Rakic, B. et. al, Chem. & Biol. 13, 23-30 (January 2006)).
• PPAR modulators have been shown to inhibit viral transcription and replication and thereby prove useful in the treatment of viral diseases (Capeau et al, PPAR Research Volume 2009, Article ID 393408, 2 pages).
• PPARa antagonists are useful in the treatment of HIV infection.
• PPARa antagonists have also been disclosed to be useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders (WO2012/027482A2). Metabolic disorders include, but are not limited to diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, syndrome X, and cardiovascular disease.
• the invention also comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of compound of Formula la or lb, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention disclosed herein is also directed to methods of treating prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers.
• the invention disclosed herein is further directed to methods of treating prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that is an antagonist of both PPARa and ⁇ .
• the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are also useful in the treatment of viral infections, such as HCV infections and HIV infections.
• Figure 1 shows the ability of Example 29 to inhibit the metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells to the lung.
• the invention is directed to compounds of Formulae la and lb
• Al is phenyl or pyridine
• A2 is selected from A2a or A2b
• X is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 ) m - and, -(CH 2 ) m -NH-(CH 2 ) n -, wherein m and n are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and m + n where m + n is 2, 3 or 4;
• o 0, 1 or 2;
• R 1 , R 2 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• alkyl portion of choice (e) and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (h) are optionally substituted with halogen;
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choices (e) and (f), and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (j) are optionally substituted with halogen, oxo or hydroxyl, and
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choices (h), (i), (j), (k), (1), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r) and (s), the alkenyl portion of choice (t), and the cycloalkyl portion of choices (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), (z), (aa), (bb), (cc), (dd), (ee) and (ff), are optionally mono- or di-substituted with halogen, -C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, -C 3 _ 6 cycloalkoxy, aryl, hydroxyl or oxo, and
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (a) and (b) is optionally substituted with halogen
• the cycloalkyl portion of choice (e) and (f) is optionally substituted with halogen
• the alkenyl of choice (g) is optionally substituted with halogen or
• aryl of choice (c) and the heteroaryl of choice (d), are optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, halo Ci_ 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkoxy, and -CN;
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) aryl, and
• R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (b), and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (c), are each optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl or -C 3 . 6 cycloalkoxy, and wherein the aryl portion of choice (d), and the heteroaryl portion of choice (e), are each optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,
• the invention is directed to compounds of Formulae la and lb
• Al is phenyl
• A2 is selected from A2a or A2b
• X is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 ) m - and, -(CH 2 ) m -NH-(CH 2 ) n -, wherein m and n are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and m + n where m + n is 2, 3 or 4;
• o 0, 1 or 2;
• R 1 , R 2 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• alkyl portion of choice (e) and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (h) are optionally substituted with halogen;
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choices (e) and (f), and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (j) are optionally substituted with halogen, oxo or hydroxyl, and
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choices (h), (i), (j), (k), (1), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r) and (s), the alkenyl portion of choice (t), and the cycloalkyl portion of choices (u), (v), (w), (x), (y), (z), (aa), (bb), (cc), (dd), (ee) and (ff), are optionally mono- or di-substituted with halogen, -C ⁇ alkyl, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkoxy, aryl, -C ⁇ alkylaryl, hydroxyl or oxo, and
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (a) and (b) is optionally substituted with halogen
• the cycloalkyl portion of choice (e) and (f) is optionally substituted with halogen
• the alkenyl of choice (g) is optionally substituted with halogen or Ci_ 4 alkyl
• aryl of choice (c) and the heteroaryl of choice (d), are optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• alkyl portion of choice (b), and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (c), are optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl or -C 3 . 6 cycloalkoxy, and wherein the aryl portion of choice (d), and the heteroaryl portion of choice (e), are optionally mono- or di- substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,
• Al is phenyl
• A2 is selected from A2a or A2b
• X is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 ) m - and, -(CH 2 ) m -NH-(CH 2 ) n -, wherein m and n are independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and m + n where m + n is 2, 3 or 4;
• R 1 , R 2 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• alkyl portion of choice (e) and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (h) are optionally substituted with halogen;
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (c), and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (f) are optionally substituted with halogen, oxo or hydroxyl, and
• heterocycle of choice (g) is optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, halo Ci_ 6 alkyl, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkoxy, -
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) hydrogen,
• alkyl portion of choice (d) and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (e), are optionally mono- or di- substituted with halogen, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkoxy, aryl, -Ci_ 6 alkylaryl, hydroxyl or oxo, and
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (a) and (b) is optionally substituted with halogen
• the cycloalkyl portion of choice (e) and (f) is optionally substituted with halogen
• the alkenyl of choice (g) is optionally substituted with halogen or -Ci_ 4 alkyl
• aryl of choice (c) and the heteroaryl of choice (d), are optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, halo Ci_ 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkoxy, and -CN;
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• alkyl portion of choice (b), and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (c), are each optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl or -C 3 .
• substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -Ci_ 6 al
• X is selected from -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 and -CH 2 -NH-CH 2 -.
• X is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -.
• A2 is A2a.
• A2a is a substituted phenyl or substituted pyridine.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• alkyl portion of choice (c) is optionally substituted with halogen.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (c) is optionally mono- or di-substituted with halogen, -C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, -C 3 _ 6 cycloalkoxy, aryl, hydroxyl or oxo.
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
• cycloalkyl portion of choice (d) is optionally substituted with halogen or methyl
• pyridinyl of choice (b) and the phenyl of choice (c) are optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -Ci_ 6 alkoxy and halo Ci_ 6 alkyl.
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• aryl of choice (a), and the heteroaryl of choice (b), are optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halnaen, -CF 3 , and -Ci_ 4 alkyl.
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• phenyl of choice (a), and the pyridinyl of choice (b), are optionally mono- substituted with halogen, -CF 3 , or -Ci_ 4 alkyl.
• R 7 is selected from hydrogen and methyl
• R 8 is selected from hydrogen, -Ci_ 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halo, and phenyl optionally mono or di- substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, and haloCi_ 6 alkyl.
• X is selected from -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, and -CH 2 -NH-CH 2 -;
• Al is phenyl
• A2 is A2a;
• R 1 , R 2 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• R is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (c), and the cycloalkyl portion of choice (f) are optionally substituted with halogen, oxo or hydroxyl, and
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• alkyl portion of choice (c) is optionally mono- or di-substituted with halogen, -C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, -C 3 _ 6 cycloalkoxy, aryl, hydroxyl or oxo;
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
• cycloalkyl portion of choice (d) is optionally substituted with halogen or methyl
• heteroaryl of choice (b) and the heteroaryl of choice (c) is optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -Ci_ 6 alkoxy and halo Ci_ 6 alkyl;
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• aryl of choice (a), and the heteroaryl of choice (b), are optionally mono- or di-substituted with -
• R 7 is selected from hydrogen and methyl
• R 8 is selected from hydrogen, Ci_ 4 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, and phenyl optionally mono or di- substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -Ci_ 6 alkoxy, and haloCi_ 6 alkyl.
• X is selected from -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, and -CH 2 -NH-CH 2 -;
• Al is phenyl
• A2a is a substituted phenyl
• R 1 , R 2 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
• cycloalkyl portion of choice (d) is optionally substituted with halogen or methyl
• pyridinyl of choice (b) and the phenyl of choice (c) are optionally mono- or di-substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -Ci_ 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -Ci_ 6 alkoxy and halo Ci_ 6 alkyl;
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of:
• phenyl of choice (a), and the pyridinyl of choice (b), are optionally mono-substituted with -CF 3 ;
• R 7 is selected from hydrogen and methyl;
• R 8 is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted with halogen, and phenyl optionally mono or di- substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, and haloCi_ 6 alkyl.
• R 9 is hydrogen
• the compounds of the invention are "dual antagonists" of both PPARa and PPAR8. (See the definition below.)
• the ratio of the IC 50 's is 10: 1.
• the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of
• Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating a cancer which is negatively impacted by diminution in its metabolism of fatty acid oxidation via the adminstration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• cancer selected from prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and melanoma.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating cancer comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating viral infection in a mammal comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating a metabolic disorder in a mammal comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention is directed to a method of preventing the onset of and/or recurrence of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, as well as other cancers, through the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the term "dual antagonist” or dual antagonists” is defined herein to a compound that has an IC 50 for the antagonism of both PPARa and PPAR8 with activity of 1 ⁇ or less as measured in the "Total Selectivity Assays", described below.
• a compound is selective for PPARa (or PPAR8) over PPARy, if the IC 50 for PPARa (or PPAR8) divided by the IC 50 for PPARy is equal to or greater than 10.
• the term "patient” includes mammals such as mice, rats, cows, sheep, pigs, rabbits, goats, horses, monkeys, dogs, cats, and humans.
• halo or halogen refers to any radical of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• alkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon chain that may be a straight chain or branched chain, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms. For example, indicates that the group may have from 1 to 6 (inclusive) carbon atoms in it.
• an alkyl is a Ci_ 6 alkyl. Any atom can be optionally substituted, e.g., by one or more substitutents. Examples of alkyl groups include without limitation methyl, ethyl, ⁇ -propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group, in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by halo. In some embodiments, more than one hydrogen atom (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14) are replaced by halo. In these embodiments, the hydrogen atoms can each be replaced by the same halogen (e.g., fluoro) or the hydrogen atoms can be replaced by a combination of different halogens (e.g., fluoro and chloro).
• Haloalkyl also includes alkyl moieties in which all hydrogens have been replaced by halo (sometimes referred to herein as perhaloalkyl, e.g., perfluoroalkyl, such as trifluoromethyl). Any atom can be optionally substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents.
• a haloalkyl is a
• a fluoroalkyl is a
• alkoxy refers to a group of formula -O-(alkyl).
• Alkoxy can be, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, z ' o-butoxy, eobutoxy, pentoxy, 2-pentoxy, 3- pentoxy, or hexyloxy.
• thioalkoxy refers to a group of formula -S-(alkyl).
• haloalkoxy and thioalkoxy refer to -O-(haloalkyl) and -S-(haloalkyl), respectively.
• sulfhydryl refers to -SH.
• aralkyl refers to an alkyl moiety in which an alkyl hydrogen atom is replaced by an aryl group. One of the carbons of the alkyl moiety serves as the point of attachment of the aralkyl group to another moiety. Any ring or chain atom can be optionally substituted e.g., by one or more substituents. Non-limiting examples of “aralkyl” include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, and 3-phenylpropyl groups.
• alkenyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing the indicated number of carbon atoms and having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
• Alkenyl groups can include, e.g., vinyl, allyl, 1 -butenyl, and 2-hexenyl. In some embodiments, an alkenyl is a C2_ 6 alkenyl.
• heterocycle or “heterocyclic” includes heterocycloalkyls and heteroaryls.
• heterocycloalkyl represents a stable 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7- membered monocyclic- or stable 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 1 1 -, or 12-membered fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system which comprises at least one non-aromatic (i.e. saturated or partially unsaturated) ring which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and wherein the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized.
• non-aromatic i.e. saturated or partially unsaturated
• a heterocycloalkyl is a C 2 _ioheterocycloalkyl. In other embodiments, a heterocycloalkyl is a C 2 _ 6 heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, a heterocycloalkyl is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a heterocycloalkyl is bicyclic.
• the second ring may also be a non-aromatic ring which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, as defined above, or the second ring may be a benzene ring, or a "cycloalkyl", or a “cycloalkenyl”, as defined immediately below.
• heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, chroman, dihydrofuran, dihydropyran, dioxane, dioxolane, hexahydroazepine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, indoline, isochroman, isoindoline, isothiazoline, isothiazolidine, isoxazoline, isoxazolidine, morpholine, oxazoline, oxazolidine, oxetane, piperazine, piperidine, pyran, pyrazolidine, pyrazoline, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, thiamorpholine, thiazoline, thiazolidine, thiomorpholine, and N-oxides thereof.
• cycloalkyl refers to a fully saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic hydrocarbon groups. Any atom can be optionally substituted, e.g., by one or more substituents. A ring carbon serves as the point of attachment of a cycloalkyl group to another moiety. Cycloalkyl moieties can include, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, and norbornyl (bicycle[2.2.1 ]heptyl).
• a cycloalkyl is a C 3 _iocycloalkyl. In other embodiments, a cycloalkyl is a C 3 _ 6 Cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is bicyclic.
• cycloalkenyl refers to partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or other polycyclic hydrocarbon groups.
• a ring carbon e.g., saturated or unsaturated
• Any atom can be optionally substituted e.g., by one or more substituents.
• Cycloalkenyl moieties can include, e.g., cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, or norbornenyl.
• a cycloalkenyl is a C4_iocycloalkenyl.
• a cycloalkenyl is a C 4- 6 cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, a cycloalkenyl is monocyclic. In some embodiments, a cycloalkenyl is bicyclic.
• cycloalkylene refers to a divalent monocyclic cycloalkyl group having the indicated number of ring atoms.
• heterocycloalkylene refers to a divalent monocyclic heterocyclyl group having the indicated number of ring atoms.
• aryl as used herein, is intended to mean any stable monocyclic or bicyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at least one ring is aromatic. Examples of such aryl elements include phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, or biphenyl.
• heteroaryl represents a stable 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic- or stable 9 or 10-membered fused bicyclic ring system which comprises at least one aromatic ring, -which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized.
• the second ring need not be aromatic and need not comprise a heteroatom.
• heteroaryl includes, for example, a stable 5-, 6- or 7-membered monocyclic aromatic ring consisting of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms, as defined immediately above, fused to a benzene ring, or fused to a “heterocycloalkyl", a “cycloalkyl”, or a “cycloalkenyl”, as defined above.
• heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, benzimidazole, benzisothiazole, benzisoxazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, benzothiazole, benzothiophene, benzotriazole, benzoxazole, carboline, cinnoline, furan, furazan, imidazole, indazole, indole, indolizine, isoquinoline, isothiazole, isoxazole, naphthyridine, oxadiazole, oxazole, phthalazine, pteridine, purine, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, quinazoline, quinoline, quinoxaline, tetrazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, thiophene, triazine, triazole, and N-oxides thereof.
• acyl refers to those groups derived from an organic acid by removal of the hydroxy portion of the acid. Accordingly, acyl is meant to include, for example, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, decanoyl, pivaloyl, benzoyl and the like.
• the compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, enantiomerically enriched mixtures, single enantiomers, individual diastereomers and diastereomeric mixtures.
• the compounds of this invention include all cis, trans, syn, anti,
• E
• Z
• the compounds of this invention may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms, in such instances, the invention expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein, even though only a single tautomeric form may be represented. All such isomeric forms of such compounds are expressly included in the present invention.
• the compounds of this invention include the compounds themselves, as well as their salts and their prodrugs, if applicable.
• a salt for example, can be formed between an anion and a positively charged substituent (e.g., amino) on a compound described herein. Suitable anions include chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, citrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, and acetate.
• a salt can also be formed between a cation and a negatively charged substituent (e.g., carboxylate) on a compound described herein. Suitable cations include sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, and an ammonium cation such as tetramethylammonium ion.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, and the like.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like
• organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic,
• salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids.
• acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, / ⁇ -toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
• the salts are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, fumaric, and tartaric acids.
• salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases, including inorganic and organic acids.
• Such salts that may be prepared include lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, magnesium salt, calcium salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N-methyl-D- glucamine salt, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine salt, arginine salt, lysine salt, and the like.
• the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium, iodine - 125 or carbon-14. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the invention, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the invention.
• hydrogen atoms of the compounds described herein may be replaced with deuterium atoms.
• compounds of Formula I are prepared as prodrugs.
• Prodrugs are generally drug precursors that, following administration to a subject and subsequent absorption, are converted to an active, or a more active species via some process, such as conversion by a metabolic pathway.
• Examples of prodrugs include Ci_ 6 alkyl esters of carboxylic acid groups, which, upon administration to a subject, are capable of providing active compounds.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier refers to a carrier or an adjuvant that may be administered to a patient, together with a compound of this invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and which does not destroy the pharmacological activity thereof and is nontoxic when administered in doses sufficient to deliver a therapeutic amount of the compound.
• composition as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
• composition in relation to pharmaceutical composition, is intended to encompass a product comprising the active ingredient(s), and the inert ingredient(s) that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients.
• compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• pharmaceutically acceptable it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• the present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention.
• prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound.
• the terms "administration of or "administering a” compound shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient.
• Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs," ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985. Metabolites of these compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu.
• the amount administered depends on the compound formulation, route of administration, etc. and is generally empirically determined in routine trials, and variations will necessarily occur depending on the target, the host, and the route of administration, etc.
• the quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 1, 3, 10 or 30 to about 30, 100, 300 or 1000 mg, according to the particular application.
• the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day if desired.
• the invention disclosed herein is directed to compounds of Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful in the treatment of prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers.
• the invention is directed to a method of preventing the onset of and/or recurrence of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, as well as other cancers.
• the invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention disclosed herein is also directed to methods of treating prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers.
• the invention disclosed herein is further directed to methods of treating prostate, breast, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a selective PPARa antagonist.
• the methods include administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae described herein) or a salt (e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) thereof as defined anywhere herein to the patient.
• a compound of Formula (I) (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae described herein) or a salt (e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) thereof as defined anywhere herein in the preparation of, or for use as, a medicament for the treatment (e.g., controlling, alleviating, or slowing the progression of) or prevention (e.g., delaying the onset of or reducing the risk of developing) of one or more diseases, disorders, or conditions caused by, or associated with, prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, pancreatic, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, melanoma and other cancers.
• a salt e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
• the invention is directed to a method of treating a cancer which is negatively impacted by diminution in its metabolism via fatty acid oxidation, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae described herein) or a salt (e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) there of.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating a cancer having a metabolism that is reliant on fatty acid oxidation, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae described herein), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating viral infection, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of compound of Formula I (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae described herein)" or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Viral infections include hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating a metabolic disorder, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of compound of Formula I (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae described herein)" or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Metabolic disorders include diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, syndrome X, and cardiovascular disease.
• the compounds and compositions described herein can, for example, be administered orally, parenterally (e.g., subcutaneously, intracutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraarticularly, intraarterially, intrasynovially, intrasternally, intrathecally, intralesionally and by intracranial injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally, via an implanted reservoir, by injection, subdermally, intraperitoneally, transmucosally, or in an ophthalmic preparation, with a dosage ranging from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 1000 mg/kg, (e.g., from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg, from about 0.1 to about 100 mg/kg, from about 1 to about 100 mg/kg, from about 1 to about 10 mg/kg) every 4 to 120 hours, or according to the requirements of the particular drug.
• parenterally e.g., subcutaneously, intracutaneously, intravenously, intramus
• compositions are administered by oral administration or by injection.
• the methods herein contemplate administration of an effective amount of compound or compound composition to achieve the desired or stated effect.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention will be administered from about 1 to about 6 times per day or alternatively, as a continuous infusion. Such administration can be used as a chronic or acute therapy.
• Dosage forms include from about 0.05 milligrams to about 2,000 milligrams (e.g., from about 0.1 milligrams to about 1,000 milligrams, from about 0.1 milligrams to about 500 milligrams, from about 0.1 milligrams to about 250 milligrams, from about 0.1 milligrams to about 100 milligrams, from about 0.1 milligrams to about 50 milligrams, or from about 0.1 milligrams to about 25 milligrams) of a compound of Formula I (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae described herein) or a salt (e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable salt) thereof as defined anywhere herein.
• the dosage forms can further include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or an additional therapeutic agent.
• the compounds of the invention may be co-administered with one or more additional anti-cancer agents.
• the additional anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, mecloreethamine, ifosfamide, or melphalan; antimetabolites such as methotrexate, cytarabine, fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprene, pyrimidines, or 5-fluorouracil; antimitotic agents such as vincristine, paclitaxel, vinorelbine or docetaxaxel; a topoisomerase inhibitors such as doxorubicin or irinotecan; platinum derivatives such as cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin; hormone therapeutics such as tamoxifen; aromatase inhibitors such as bicalutamide, anastrozole, exemestane
• anti-cancer agents for use in combination with the compounds include one or more of the following: abiraterone; adriamycin; acivicin; aclarubicin; acodazole hydrochloride; acronine; adozelesin; aldesleukin; altretamine; ambomycin; ametantrone acetate; aminoglutethimide; amsacrine; anastrozole; anthramycin; asparaginase; asperlin; azacitidine; azetepa; azotomycin; batimastat; benzodepa; bicalutamide; bisantrene hydrochloride; bisnafide dimesylate; bizelesin; bleomycin sulfate; brequinar sodium; bropirimine; busulfan; cactinomycin; calusterone; caracemide; carbetimer; carboplatin; carmustine; car
• the additional agents may be administered separately (e.g., sequentially; on different overlapping schedules), as part of a multiple dose regimen, from the compounds of this invention (e.g., one or more compounds of Formula (I) and/or a compound of any of the other formulae, including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof).
• these agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with the compounds of this invention in a single composition.
• these agents can be given as a separate dose that is administered at about the same time as that of one or more compounds of Formula (I) (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae, including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof) are administered (e.g., simultaneously with the administration of one or more compounds of Formula (I) (and/or a compound of any of the other formulae, including any subgenera or specific compounds thereof)).
• compositions of this invention include a combination of a compound of the formulae described herein and one or more additional therapeutic or prophylactic agents, both the compound and the additional agent can be present at dosage levels of between about 1 to 100%, and more preferably between about 5 to 95% of the dosage normally administered in a monotherapy regimen.
• compositions of this invention may contain any conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically- acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles.
• pH of the formulation may be adjusted with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, bases or buffers to enhance the stability of the formulated compound or its delivery form.
• compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, emulsions and aqueous suspensions, dispersions and solutions.
• carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
• Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
• useful diluents include lactose and dried corn starch.
• This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human mammalian cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of Human PPARa. Because these cells incorporate a PPARa- responsive luciferase reporter gene, quantifying expressed luciferase activity provides a sensitive surrogate measure of PPARa activity in the treated cells.
• the primary application of this reporter assay system is in the screening of test samples to quantify any functional activity, either agonist or antagonist, that they may exert against human PPARa.
• reporter cells are dispensed into wells of the assay plate and then immediately dosed with test compounds. Following an overnight incubation, the treatment media is discarded and Luciferase Detection Reagent (LDR) is added. The intensity of light emission from the ensuing luciferase reaction provides a sensitive measure that is directly proportional to the relative level of PPARa activation in the reporter cells.
• LDR Luciferase Detection Reagent
• a Mouse PPARa Reporter Assay System was used (Indigo Biosciences, Cat. #M00111). Activity of test compounds to antagonize or agonize other isoforms of human PPAR, for example ⁇ / ⁇ and ⁇ , were assessed using the corresponding kits from Indigo Biosciences (Cat. #IB00121 and #IB00101, respectively). In addition to PPAR activity, compounds were also screened for activity against other nuclear hormone receptors including Estrogen Receptor ⁇ , Glucocorticoid Receptor and Thyroid Receptor ⁇ using commercially available kits (Indigo Biosciences, Cat. #IB00411, IB00201 and ⁇ 01101, respectively).
• Each assay system from Indigo Biosciences uses technology analogous to the human PPARa kit, with the variance being that the cells used for each assay were engineered to over-express the receptor of interest.
• the appropriate receptor agonist (included with each kit) was used at ⁇ EC 80 for assays in which antagonist potency was being assessed.
• Fatty acid oxidation is measured using 3 H palmitate metabolism into 3 H 2 0 as described previously (Nieman et al., 2011). Briefly, cells (e.g. HepG2, PC3 and CLL) are plated in growth media and allowed to adhere overnight. Cells are then treated with compound or 40 ⁇ etomoxir (an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation) as control. After treatment, cells are washed with DPBS followed by incubation in assay buffer (growth media, 3 H palmitate and compound). After incubation, media is collected and proteins precipitated with 5% trichloroacetic acid. The precipitate is pelleted by centrifugation and the supernatant collected. Any remaining 3 H palmitate in the supernatant is then removed by purification over a Dowex anion exchange column. 3 H 2 0 is then measured by scintillation counting.
• cells e.g. HepG2, PC3 and CLL
• compound or 40 ⁇ etomoxir an inhibitor of fatty acid
• CLL cells were cultured at 2 x 10 5 cells/200 ⁇ of RPMI1640 supplemented with 10% FCS in 96-well plates under various treatment conditions. Determination of CLL cell viability was based on the analysis of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ( ⁇ ) using 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) (Invitrogen) and cell membrane permeability to propidium iodide (PI) (Sigma). For viability assays, 100 ⁇ of the cell culture was collected at the indicated time points and transferred to polypropylene tubes containing 100 ⁇ of 40 ⁇ DiOC6 and 10 ⁇ g/mL PI in culture media. The cells were then incubated at 37 °C for 15 min and analyzed within 30 min by flow cytometry using an Accuri C6 flow cytometer. The percentage of viable cells was determined by gating on PI negative and DiOC6 bright cells.
• B16F10 cells were cultured in standard growth media, harvested when approximately 50% confluent and injected into C57BL/6 mice via the tail vein (50,000 cells per mouse in 200 ⁇ ). Mice were then treated daily with test compound. On day 21, mice were euthanized. Lungs were harvested and placed into Fekete's solution overnight to facilitate visualization of the tumors. Black nodules were enumerated.
• Figure 1 shows inhibition of metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells to the lung following intraperitoneal doses of example 29 at 0.3, 3 and 30 mg/kg.
• Example 29 inhibited metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells to the lung in a dose dependent manner.
• Statistics were performed by ANOVA with Dunnett's Multiple Comparison Test post-hoc to determine statistical differences from vehicle treatment group (* denotes P ⁇ 0.05 while *** denotes P ⁇ 0.001).
• the starting materials used for the synthesis are either synthesized or obtained from commercial sources, such as, but not limited to, Sigma-Aldrich, Fluka, Acros Organics, Alfa Aesar, VWR Scientific, and the like. General methods for the preparation of compounds can be modified by the use of appropriate reagents and conditions for the introduction of the various moieties found in the structures as provided herein.
• Step 2 To a solution of the previously isolated nitrile (3.4 g, 13.5 mmol) in ethylene glycol (23 mL) was added water (0.6 mL), hydrazine monohydrate (1.6 mL) and potassium hydroxide (3.7 g). The mixture was heated in a sealed vial at 195 °C for 3 hrs, allowed to cool, diluted with water and acidified with 2N HC1. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc, the organic phase separated, dried (MgS0 4 ), filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0 to 30%> acetone in hexanes) to afford 4- (4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)butanoic acid (2.1 g, 60%> yield).
• Step 3 To a solution of the previously isolated carboxylic acid (1.70 g, 6.6 mmol) in THF (20 mL) cooled to 0 °C was added carbonyl diimidazole (1.29 g, 7.9 mmol) and the solution stirred at ambient temperature for 48 hrs. The solution was cooled to 0 °C and hydrazine monohydrate (1.28 mL, 26.4 mmol) added and the mixture allowed to stir at room temperature for 4 hrs.
• Step 1 To a DCM (20 mL) solution of 4-(4-bromophenyl)butanehydrazide (1.0 g, 3.9 mmol, 1 eq.) was added cyclohexyl isocyanate (0.82 mL, 5.9 mmol, 1.5 eq.) dropwise over a period of 5 min. The resulting solution was allowed to stir at RT for 13 h, becoming a white suspension. To this mixture was then added heptanes and the desired product was isolated as a white solid via vacuum filtration. This was used in the next step with no further purification.
• Step 2 To a toluene (30 mL) solution of 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)butanoyl)-N- cyclohexylhydrazinecarboxamide (1.49 g, 3.9 mmol, 1 eq.) from the previous step was added sequentially triethylamine (2.7 mL, 20 mmol, 5 eq.) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (2.1 mL, 12 mmol, 3 eq.). The resulting mixture was then heated at reflux for 20 h. After cooling to RT, the reaction was quenched with the addition of aq. NaHC0 3 and extracted with ether.
• Step 3 To a DMSO (10 mL) solution of 3-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-cyclohexyl-lH-l,2,4- triazol-5(4H)-one (0.71 g, 2.0 mmol, 1 eq.) from the previous step was added copper(I) iodide (37 mg, 0.2 mmol, 0.1 eq.), L-proline (45 mg, 0.39 mmol, 0.2 eq.), potassium carbonate (670 mg, 4.9 mmol, 2.5 eq.) and 4-iodobenzotrifluoride (0.43 mL, 2.9 mmol, 1.5 eq.).
• Step 4 To a DME (10 mL) solution of 3-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-cyclohexyl-l -(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (0.96 g, 1.9 mmol, 1 eq.) from the previous step was added methyl 2-(2-ethoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate (0.79 g, 2.5 mmol, 1.3 eq., tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (110 mg, 0.094 mmol, 0.05 eq.), potassium carbonate (1.0 g, 7.5 mmol, 4 eq.) and water (5 mL).
• the resulting biphasic suspension was vigorously de-oxygenated via sub- surface purging with nitrogen for 15 min.
• the reaction vessel was then sealed and heated at 95 C for 16 h.
• the reaction suspension was added 10 mL of MeOH and 5 mL of 2 N aq. lithium hydroxide (10 mmol, 5.3 eq.).
• the resulting mixture was then heated at 60 °C for another 2.5 h.
• the reaction was quenched with 10% aq. HC1 and extracted with ether.
• the combined organic extracts were washed further with water and brine, dried over Na 2 S0 4 , filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo.
• Example 8 2-(4'-(3-(4-cvclohexyl-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)propyl)-4-ethoxy-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Step 1 was performed using 4-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)butanehydrazide and 2-fluorophenyl isocyanate as coupling partners.
• Step 4 To the previously isolated boronate (92 mg, 0.158 mmol) in a mixture of DME (3 mL) and water (1 mL) was added 5-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (51 mg, 0.19 mmol), K 3 PO 4 (134 mg, 0.63 mmol), S-Phos (29 mg, 0.032 mmol) and Pd 2 (dba) 3 (2 mg, 0.004 mmol). The solution was sparged with nitrogen for 5 minutes then heated to 90 °C for 20 hr after which the reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue purified by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound. LC-MS: 644 (M+H) + .
• Step I To a dichloromethane (15 mL) suspension of (4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-l-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (1.0 g, 2.8 mmol, 1 eq., prepared according to procedure described in WO2008/103574) and sodium bicarbonate (360 mg, 4.2 mmol, 1.5 eq.) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (1.4 g, 3.4 mmol, 1.2 eq.) at 0 C portion-wise over 10 min. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature over 5 h.
• Step 2 To a dichloromethane (3 mL) solution of (4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l -(4- trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazole-3-carbaldehyde (0.10 g, 0.29 mmol, 1 eq.) from the previous step was added sequentially 4-iodobenzylamine (73 mg, 0.31 mmol, 1.1 eq.), acetic acid (0.025 mL, 0.43 mmol, 1.5 eq.), and sodium cyanoborohydride (27 mg, 0.43 mmol, 1.5 eq.).
• Step 4 To a 2: 1 (v/v) THF: MeOH (1 mL) solution of methyl 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-((((4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5- oxo-1 -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)-[l, -biphenyl]-3- yl)acetate (80 mg, 0.13 mmol, 1 eq.) from the previous step was added 2 N aq. lithium hydroxide (0.5 mL, 1 mmol, 7.7 eq.).
• Example 13 A r -(6-(4-(3-(5-oxo-4-propyl-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)propyl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide:
• Step I To a dioxane (5 mL) solution of 3-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-propyl-l -(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (0.44 g, 0.98 mmol, 1 eq.) from Example 3, step 3 was added potassium acetate (0.29 g, 2.9 mmol.
• Step 2 To a DME (2 mL) solution of 4-propyl-3-(3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl)propyl)-l -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (81 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1 eq.) from the previous step was added 2-amino-6-bromopyridine (33 mg, 0.19 mmol, 1.2 eq), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (19 mg, 0.016 mmol, 0.1 eq.), and saturated aq.
• 2-amino-6-bromopyridine 33 mg, 0.19 mmol, 1.2 eq
• tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (19 mg, 0.016 mmol, 0.1
• Example 14 2-(4'-(3-(4-cvclopropyl-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)propyl)-4-methoxy-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid
• Step I To a THF (60 mL) solution of 4-(4-bromophenyl)butanehydrazide (2.9 g, 11.3 mmol) was added cyclopropyl isocyanate (940 mg, 11.3 mmol.). The resulting solution was allowed to stir at RT for 18 h, becoming a thick white suspension. This mixture was then evaporated to dryness and used in the next step without further purification.
• Step 2 The previously isolated hydrazide was suspended in MeOH (50 mL) and potassium hydroxide (6.7 g) added. The suspension was heated to reflux for 16 h after which the solution was evaporated, the residue diluted in DCM (100 mL) and slowly made acidic with IN HC1 (aq.). The organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase extracted with DCM and the combined organic phases dried (MgS0 4 ), filtered and evaporated in vacuo.
• Step 3 To a solution of 3-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-cyclopropyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (2.32 g, 7.20 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) was added ira « -NN-dimethylcyclohexane ,2-diamine (113 xL, 0.72 mmol), potassium carbonate (2.0 g, 14.4 mmol), 4-iodobenzotrifluoride (2.15 g, 7.90 mmol) and Cul (69 mg, 0.36 mmol).
• Step 4 The previously isolated triazolone (250 mg, 0.54 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (4 mL) to which was added methyl 2-(2-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate; 170 mg, 0.56 mmol) and sat'd aq. NaHCOs (2 mL). The solution was degassed via sub-surface purge with nitrogen gas and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (-15 mg) added and heated in a sealed vial at 85 °C for 3 h.
• Step 5 Methyl 2-(4'-(3-(4-cyclopropyl-5-oxo-l -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l ,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-4-methoxy-[l, -biphenyl]-3-yl)acetate (150 mg, 0.27 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of THF (3 mL), MeOH (1 ml) and water (1 mL) to which was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (60 mg, 1.43 mmol). This mixture was stirred at RT until hydrolysis of the ester was judged complete by LCMS analysis.
• Example 15 2-(4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-4-methox -[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 16 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 17 2-(4'-(3-(4-cvclopropyl-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)propyl)-4-propoxy-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 18 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(5-oxo-4-phenyl-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4-
• Example 19 2-(4'-(3-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-4-ethoxy- '-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 20 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-isobutyl-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 22 2-(4'-(3-14-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-14-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-4-ethoxy- '-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 23 2-(4'-(3-(4- ,6-difluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-4-ethoxy- '-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 24 2-(4'-(3-(4-(4-(te ⁇ -butyl)phenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-4-ethoxy-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 25 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 26 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro- lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 28 2-(4'-(3-a-(4-(te ⁇ -butyl)phenyl)-4- ,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-4-ethoxy- '-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 29 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Step 1 To a solution of 4-(4-bromophenyl)butanehydrazide (1.00 g, 3.89 mmol) in anhydrous THF (25 niL) at 0 °C was added 2-fluorophenyl isocyanate (0.48 mL, 4.28 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred slowly to RT for 16 h. The solvents were evaporated and the resulting white solid was suspended in 1 :4 Et 2 0/hexanes, sonicated, and filtered. The solid containing 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)butanoyl)-N-(2- fluorophenyl)hydrazinecarboxamide was used directly in the next step.
• Step 2 To a suspension of 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)butanoyl)-N-(2- fluorophenyl)hydrazinecarboxamide (1.50 g, 3.80 mmol) in toluene (40 mL) and TEA (2.63 mL, 19.00 mmol) was added TMSOTf (2.06 mL, 11.41 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at reflux for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to RT and diluted with EtOAc and sat. aq. NaHCC>3. The organic phase was then washed sequentially with water, brine, filtered through a Na 2 S0 4 /paper plug and concentrated in vacuo.
• the reaction vessel was refluxed for 16 h, cooled to RT, and diluted with ether and sat. aq. NaHC0 3.
• the organic extract was washed sequentially with water (2X) and concentrated in vacuo.
• the resulting crude material was purified on silica gel eluting with a solvent gradient of 0% to 40% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 3 - (3 -(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-(2-fluorophenyl)- 1 -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH- 1 ,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one.
• Step 4 To a solution of 3-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-(4-
• Example 30 2-(4-ethoxy-3'-(3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l, '-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 32 4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-carboxylic acid:
• Step 1 To a solution of 3-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-(4-
• Step 2 To a solution of 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl) propyl)-l -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (0.065 g, 0.154 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was added methyl 5-bromo-2-ethoxybenzoate (0.033 g, 0.126 mmol) and sat. aq. NaHC0 3 (1 mL).
• Step 3 To a mixture of methyl 4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l, -biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid ester (0.047 g, 0.052 mmol) in THF (2.0 mL) and MeOH (2.0 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (1.0 M in H 2 0, 0.78 mL, 0.78 mmol) and 1.2 mL of H 2 0.
• Example 33 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5- dihvdro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• the reaction vessel was stirred at 90 °C for 48 h, cooled to RT, and diluted with ether and brine .
• the organic extract was washed sequentially with IN HQ (aq.) and water.
• the organic layer was then concentrated in vacuo.
• the resulting crude material was purified on silica gel eluting with a solvent gradient of 0% to 45% EtOAc in hexanes to afford 3-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-l-(2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) - 1 H- 1 ,2,4 -triazol-5 (4H) -one .
• Example 34 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 35 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5- dihvdro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 36 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(l-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 37 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-oxo-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5- dihvdro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 38 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(5-oxo-4-(pyridin-2-yl)-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Step 1 To a stirring solution of 2-picolinic acid (1.00 g, 8.0 mmol) in toluene (25 mL) was added diphenylphosphoryl azide (2.00 mL, 9.34 mmol) and triethylamine (1.35 mL, 9.74 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1.5 h, 80 °C for 3 h, then cooled to RT. The resulting suspension was filtered, rinsing with a minimal amount of EtOAc first, then hexanes. The gray solid containing 2-isocyanatopyridine was used directly in the next step.
• Step 2 To a solution of 4-(4-bromophenyl)butanehydrazide (0.620 g, 2.41 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) at RT was added 2-isocyanatopyridine (0.347 g, 2.89 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 16h. The solvents were evaporated and the resulting residue was treated with Et 2 0, sonicated, and resulting suspension was filtered. The solid containing 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)butanoyl)-N-(pyridin-2- yl)hydrazinecarboxamide was used directly in the next step.
• Example 39 2-(4-propoxy-4'-(3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro- lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:
• Example 40 2-(4-ethoxy-4'-(3-(5-oxo-4-(o-tolyl)-l-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4,5-dihvdro-lH-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)propyl)-[l,l'-biphenyll-3-yl)acetic acid:

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• AIDS & HIV (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=52628929

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (129)

• 2014
  • 2014-09-04 EP EP14842357.7A patent/EP3041826A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-09-04 US US14/916,860 patent/US9776976B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-09-04 CN CN201480048882.7A patent/CN105579440A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-09-04 SG SG11201601066VA patent/SG11201601066VA/en unknown
  • 2014-09-04 KR KR1020167008627A patent/KR20160048988A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-09-04 PE PE2016000323A patent/PE20160880A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2014-09-04 WO PCT/US2014/054108 patent/WO2015035059A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-09-04 JP JP2016540386A patent/JP2016529311A/ja active Pending
  • 2014-09-04 MX MX2016002795A patent/MX2016002795A/es unknown
  • 2014-09-04 CA CA2921420A patent/CA2921420A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-09-04 EA EA201690230A patent/EA201690230A1/ru unknown
  • 2014-09-04 AU AU2014315151A patent/AU2014315151A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2016
  • 2016-03-02 IL IL244383A patent/IL244383A0/en unknown

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (24)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events