WO2015034044A1 - 転動部品 - Google Patents
転動部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015034044A1 WO2015034044A1 PCT/JP2014/073481 JP2014073481W WO2015034044A1 WO 2015034044 A1 WO2015034044 A1 WO 2015034044A1 JP 2014073481 W JP2014073481 W JP 2014073481W WO 2015034044 A1 WO2015034044 A1 WO 2015034044A1
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- rolling
- bearing
- component
- rolling bearing
- mass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0094—Hubs one or more of the bearing races are formed by the hub
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
- F16C2300/02—General use or purpose, i.e. no use, purpose, special adaptation or modification indicated or a wide variety of uses mentioned
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rolling part having a rolling element using a specific steel material.
- the rolling parts include, for example, alternators, electromagnetic clutches for car air conditioners, fan coupling devices, intermediate pulleys, electric fan motors, and other automobile electrical components, rolling bearings used for auxiliary machines, and speed increasers such as wind power generators.
- a rolling bearing used for a reduction gear a rolling bearing used for a transmission such as a CVT, a hub bearing for rotatably supporting a wheel of an automobile, and a gear may be used.
- a rolling bearing is a condition in which water is mixed into a lubricant or the like (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5), a condition with slip (Non-Patent Document 6), or a condition in which energization occurs (Non-Patent Document).
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5 a condition in which water is mixed into a lubricant or the like
- Non-Patent Document 6 a condition with slip
- energization occurs Non-Patent Document.
- water or a lubricant is decomposed to generate hydrogen, which penetrates into the steel, which may cause early peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement.
- Non-Patent Document 8 Since hydrogen significantly reduces the fatigue strength of steel (Non-Patent Document 8), cracks occur in the inner surface of the rolling surface layer where the alternating shear stress is maximized even under conditions that are considered to be elastohydrodynamic lubrication in which contact elements are separated by an oil film. Occurrence, propagation, and early peeling. In the future, in order to cope with downsizing, energy saving, unmanned operation, the usage conditions of rolling bearings tend to become stricter, and it is expected that those with excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance will be required. Similar early delamination should occur in rolling parts, such as gears, that slide more than rolling bearings.
- a fan coupling device for automobiles has a housing in which viscous fluid is sealed inside and a fan for blowing air on the outer peripheral surface is connected to a rotor directly connected to the engine via a bearing, and increases or decreases in response to the ambient temperature. It is a device that performs optimum ventilation corresponding to the engine temperature by controlling the amount of drive torque transmitted from the engine and the rotational speed of the fan using the shearing resistance of the viscous fluid. For this reason, the rolling bearing for the fan coupling device has a rotational speed of 10000 rpm or more at a high temperature of 180 ° C. or higher during high-speed operation in summer, in addition to uneven rotation where the rotational speed fluctuates from 1000 rpm to 10,000 rpm as the engine temperature varies. Durability that can withstand the extremely harsh environment of high-speed rotation is required.
- the alternator for automobiles has a function of generating power by receiving the rotation of the engine with a belt, supplying electric power to the electric load of the vehicle, and charging the battery.
- the idler pulley for automobiles is used as a belt tensioner for a drive belt that transmits engine rotation to the auxiliary equipment of the automobile, and gives tension to the belt when the center distance is fixed.
- An automobile alternator and an automobile idler pulley are also required to have durability that can withstand extremely harsh environments such as high-speed rotation at a rotational speed of 10,000 rpm or higher at a high temperature of 180 ° C. or higher.
- Grease is mainly used for lubrication of these automotive electrical equipment and auxiliary rolling bearings.
- severe conditions of use such as rapid acceleration / deceleration, high temperature, high speed rotation, and the like cause a problem of early peeling due to the above-described hydrogen embrittlement on the rolling surface of the rolling bearing.
- a speed increaser or a speed reducer using a rolling bearing inside is used (generally, both are also referred to as an “speed increase / decrease device”).
- an industrial machine speed reducer (circulation lubrication), Robot speed reducer (oil bath lubrication), mill speed reducer (circulation oil or oil bath lubrication), construction machine speed reducer (oil bath lubrication), wind power generator speed increaser (circulation oil lubrication or oil bath lubrication), etc. It is done.
- the above parentheses indicate the oil lubrication method for gears including rolling bearings.
- oil bath lubrication or circulating oil supply is roughly classified.
- water is mixed into these lubricating oils or when the rolling bearings are slippery, the water and lubricating oil are decomposed to generate hydrogen.
- this hydrogen penetrates into the steel material, early peeling due to the above-described hydrogen embrittlement may occur.
- metal contact occurs at the contact surface between the contact elements and the new metal surface is exposed, generation of hydrogen due to decomposition of water and lubricating oil and penetration of the hydrogen into the steel material are promoted.
- An automobile transmission is a device that shifts engine power to an optimal torque and rotational speed and transmits it to the axle.
- the rolling bearing used in the transmission has a large load capacity and high rotational performance, especially rotation associated with gear shifting. Designed to keep up with rapid changes in numbers. Furthermore, since the bearing bites foreign matter in the transmission case, it is possible to prevent entry of foreign matter and improve durability by applying a seal seal or special heat treatment.
- the main purpose of the hermetic seal is to prevent foreign matter from entering, and since it does not have a function to stop the intrusion of fluid, the oil filled in the transmission is removed from the gap of the hermetic seal. Enter the bearing. Until the oil enters the inside of the bearing, lubrication is performed with grease previously enclosed in the bearing.
- hub bearings for automobiles are used under extremely bad conditions such as driving on fine weather, rainy weather, bad roads, and coasts. Intrusion of moisture and foreign matter into the hub bearing is suppressed by the seal, but it is not perfect. Therefore, it is inevitable that moisture and foreign matter enter the hub bearing and mix into the lubricant such as grease enclosed therein. Further, from the viewpoint of energy saving, a reduction in the torque of the hub bearing is required, and as one of the methods, a light contact of the seal can be considered. Therefore, the possibility of water intrusion is further increased.
- Patent Document 1 As a conventional technique for improving the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of a rolling bearing and preventing the occurrence of premature delamination as described above, it has been proposed to use a bearing steel having an increased Cr content (see Patent Document 1). This is because Cr whose content is increased in the steel material combines with oxygen on the surface of the rolling surface, and forms an oxide film (passive film) of Cr on the surface of the rolling surface. This prevents hydrogen from entering, and thus prevents early peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement. Moreover, as a method of suppressing the above-mentioned premature peeling by improvement of a lubricant, for example, a method of adding a passivating agent to grease (see Patent Document 2) or a method of adding bismuth dithiocarbamate (see Patent Document 3). Proposed.
- JP 2000-282178 A JP-A-3-210394 JP-A-2005-42102
- the present invention has been made in order to cope with such a problem, and it is difficult for hydrogen to accumulate inside rolling elements such as an inner ring and an outer ring made of steel, and early peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement can be prevented.
- the purpose is to provide rolling parts.
- the rolling component of the present invention is a rolling component having a rolling element made of steel, and at least a part of oxide inclusions contained in the steel of the rolling element is covered with MnS, In the oxide inclusions having a maximum diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more in the steel material of the rolling element, the ratio of the number of those covered with MnS to the total number exceeds 40%.
- the “rolling component” refers to a component including an element that performs rolling and sliding, such as a rolling bearing and a gear.
- the “maximum diameter” means that the oxide inclusions are substantially spherical, and mainly mean their diameter. When the oxide inclusions are stretched in any direction (for example, the rolling direction), the maximum diameter is Means.
- the composition of the steel material is as follows: C: 0.95 mass% or more and 1.1 mass% or less, Si: less than 0.35 mass%, Mn: less than 0.5 mass%, S: less than 0.025 mass%, Cr : 1.4% by mass or more and less than 1.6% by mass, the balance being iron and impurities.
- the rolling element is characterized by nitriding the surface layer and having a surface nitrogen concentration of 0.05 to 0.6% by weight. Further, the Vickers hardness difference ⁇ HV between the portion having a depth of 0.05 mm from the surface of the rolling element and the portion having a depth not containing nitrogen is 60 or more.
- the rolling component is a rolling bearing having an inner ring, an outer ring, and a rolling element, and at least one selected from the inner ring, the outer ring, and the rolling element is the rolling element.
- the rolling bearing is a rolling bearing for automobile electrical equipment and auxiliary equipment that rotatably supports a rotating shaft that is driven to rotate by engine output on a stationary member.
- the rolling bearing is a rolling bearing used for an alternator, a fan coupling device, or an idler pulley of an automobile.
- the rolling bearing rotates the planetary gear while being oil-lubricated in an increase / decrease device that transmits and reduces the rotation of the input shaft to the output shaft using the planetary gear. It is a rolling bearing for an increase / decrease gear that is freely supported.
- the speed increasing / decreasing gear is a speed increasing gear used for a wind power generator.
- the rolling bearing is disposed in a transmission that transmits the rotation of the input shaft and the rotation of the output shaft while changing the speed, and the input shaft, the output shaft, or these It is a rolling bearing for a transmission that rotatably supports a member that rotates along with the rotation.
- the transmission is a continuously variable transmission system in which the rotation of the input shaft and the rotation of the output shaft are shifted and transmitted in a continuously variable manner.
- the rolling component includes a component having a rolling contact portion, and is a hub bearing that rotatably supports a wheel of an automobile, wherein the component is the rolling element.
- the rolling component of the present invention is a rolling component having rolling elements made of steel, and at least a part of oxide inclusions contained in the steel of the rolling element is covered with MnS. Since the ratio of the number of oxide inclusions covered with MnS to the total number of oxide inclusions having a maximum diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more in the steel of the moving element exceeds 40%, many oxide inclusions inevitably included By covering the surface with soft MnS, the tensile stress field formed around the oxide inclusions can be relaxed. Thereby, it is difficult to accumulate hydrogen in the steel material, and early peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement can be prevented.
- the rolling component of the present invention is suitable as a rolling bearing having an excellent bearing life in automotive electrical components such as an alternator, an electromagnetic clutch for a car air conditioner, a fan coupling device, an intermediate pulley, and an electric fan motor, and an auxiliary machine.
- automotive electrical components such as an alternator, an electromagnetic clutch for a car air conditioner, a fan coupling device, an intermediate pulley, and an electric fan motor, and an auxiliary machine.
- the life of the equipment can be extended, and the maintenance frequency can be reduced even when access to the equipment becomes difficult.
- early peeling can be prevented even in an environment where low-viscosity lubricating oil is used as transmission oil, such as CVT.
- it can be suitably used as a hub bearing having a long life even under severe use conditions where water is mixed inside (for example, in grease) during operation of the hub bearing.
- Non-Patent Documents 9 and 10 Hydrogen has a property of accumulating in a tensile stress field.
- diffusible hydrogen is considered to be a cause of hydrogen embrittlement among hydrogen invading into steel materials.
- Diffusible hydrogen refers to hydrogen that is not trapped in a grain boundary or the like and can move relatively freely. This diffusible hydrogen is released out of the steel material with time at room temperature.
- diffusible hydrogen can be defined as hydrogen released by heating up to 200 ° C.
- non-diffusible hydrogen can be defined as hydrogen released from steel material only at a heating temperature exceeding 200 ° C.
- the total amount of non-diffusible hydrogen is the total amount of hydrogen that has penetrated into the steel material.
- the ratio (coverage) of the number covered with MnS to the total number exceeds 40%. That is essential.
- being covered with MnS means a state in which MnS is precipitated with oxide inclusions as nuclei and wound around the oxide inclusions. This includes not only the case of being completely covered but also the case of being partially covered. Further, MnS has a linear shape drawn in the rolling direction.
- the target oxide inclusions have a maximum diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the presence state of fine oxide inclusions having a maximum diameter of less than 3 ⁇ m (covering state of MnS) hardly contributes to early peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement.
- the presence of oxide inclusions having a maximum diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more can be easily measured with an optical microscope.
- the lower limit value of the maximum diameter of the target oxide inclusions may be increased, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or more. In the case of an oxide-based inclusion having a maximum diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more, the coverage is substantially the same even if the lower limit of the maximum diameter is increased.
- the manufacturing method etc. which make the coverage with MnS of oxide inclusions the said range are not specifically limited.
- the cooling rate is high as in the case of continuous casting of steel, oxide inclusions and soft inclusions MnS precipitate separately, and the coverage tends to be low.
- the cooling rate is slow as in the case of ingot casting of steel, the oxide inclusions become the core of precipitation of MnS, which is a soft inclusion, and the coverage tends to increase.
- the component composition of the steel material used for the rolling element of the rolling part of the present invention is C: 0.95 mass% to 1.1 mass%, Si: less than 0.35 mass%, Mn: less than 0.5 mass% S: Less than 0.025% by mass, Cr: 1.4% by mass or more and less than 1.6% by mass, and the balance is preferably iron and impurities.
- the detail of the said component composition is demonstrated below.
- C 0.95 mass% or more and 1.1 mass% or less C (carbon) is an element required for ensuring the strength of the steel material.
- the hardenability is greatly affected, and the hardness and depth of the hardened hardened layer is increased to contribute to the improvement of fatigue strength. Within the above range, these effects can be sufficiently obtained.
- Si Less than 0.35% by mass Si (silicon) is originally intended to be added positively in order to suppress austenite grain growth during quenching heating, but forgeability and machinability are significantly degraded by the addition of Si. From these viewpoints, the content is less than 0.35% by mass.
- Mn Less than 0.5% by mass Mn (manganese) is an element that contributes effectively to improving strength and hardenability. Further, if Mn is excessive, it is considered that segregation occurs at the grain boundary and causes grain boundary cracking, and therefore, less than 0.5% by mass is appropriate.
- S Less than 0.025 mass% S (sulfur) is an element that forms MnS in a steel material. On the other hand, it segregates at the grain boundaries of austenite, which may reduce the grain boundary strength and reduce the fatigue strength. From these viewpoints, the content is less than 0.025% by mass.
- Cr 1.4% by mass or more and less than 1.6% by mass
- Cr is an element that forms stable carbides and improves hardenability and contributes to improvement in strength, wear resistance, and fatigue strength. It is. On the other hand, if Cr is excessively contained, forgeability and machinability are lowered. In order to sufficiently obtain these effects, the above range is appropriate.
- the steel material having the above component composition for example, high carbon chromium bearing steel SUJ2 (JIS standard), SUJ2 equivalent material 52100 (AISI or SAE standard), 100Cr6 (DIN standard), GCr15 (GSB standard), etc.
- JIS standard high carbon chromium bearing steel SUJ2
- SUJ2 equivalent material 52100 AISI or SAE standard
- 100Cr6 DIN standard
- GCr15 GCr15
- the steel material used for the rolling element of the rolling component of the present invention is preferably subjected to nitriding treatment on the surface layer.
- nitriding treatment is performed on the rolling surface of the track ring.
- the nitriding treatment is performed, for example, in an atmosphere in which ammonia gas is added to RX gas at a temperature of 850 ° C.
- the surface nitrogen concentration on the rolling surface is preferably 0.05 to 0.6% by weight.
- the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and known conditions can be adopted. For example, first, the steel material is heated to a predetermined temperature of point A1 or higher and held for a predetermined time. At this time, the steel material is heated in an atmosphere in which ammonia gas is added to RX gas or the like, thereby nitriding the steel material surface layer. Then, by immersing the steel material in oil or the like, the steel material is cooled from a temperature of A1 point or higher to a temperature of MS point or lower, and the quench hardening process is completed.
- the tempering process is completed by heating the quench-hardened steel material to a predetermined temperature which is a temperature of A1 or lower, holding the steel material for a predetermined time, and then air-cooling it to room temperature, for example. Through the above steps, the heat treatment is completed.
- the rolling parts of the present invention are rolling bearings, gears, and their constituent parts. Rolling parts are often used in a lubricating oil used for lubrication or in an environment where moisture is mixed in or invaded in a use atmosphere. In addition, because the rolling parts are used in conditions where metal contact occurs between the contact elements due to their motion form and slipping occurs, hydrogen easily enters the steel due to the exposure of the new metal surface on the steel member surface, etc. It is a component that is susceptible to hydrogen.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rolling bearing (deep groove ball bearing).
- an inner ring 2 having an inner ring rolling surface 2a on the outer peripheral surface and an outer ring 3 having an outer ring rolling surface 3a on the inner peripheral surface are arranged concentrically, and the inner ring rolling surface 2a and the outer ring rolling surface 3a A plurality of rolling elements 4 are arranged between the two.
- the rolling element 4 is held by a cage 5. If necessary, the axially opposite end openings 8 a and 8 b of the inner and outer rings are sealed by the seal member 6, and the grease 7 is sealed around the rolling element 4.
- At least one of the inner ring 2, the outer ring 3, and the rolling element 4 corresponds to the above-described rolling element, and is made of the above-described predetermined steel material.
- Lubricant such as grease 7 is lubricated by interposing on the rolling surfaces of the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 3 and the rolling elements 4.
- any lubricating oil or grease can be used.
- hydrogen is generated by the decomposition of the mixed water and the lubricant itself, and the penetration into the steel material is promoted.
- the rolling component (rolling bearing) of the present invention the above-described steel material having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance is used for the inner ring and outer ring, which are rolling elements, so that hydrogen embrittlement occurs even under conditions where moisture is mixed into the lubricant. Early peeling due to this can be effectively prevented.
- the rolling element 4 can be made of silicon nitride which does not show hydrogen embrittlement, although the cost increases.
- the cage 5 is less likely to cause early peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement than a resin cage in the case of a metal cage made of steel or copper alloy under conditions where energization occurs.
- the seal member 6 may be made of a metal or a rubber molded body alone, or may be a composite of a rubber molded body and a metal plate, a plastic plate, a ceramic plate, or the like. From the viewpoint of durability and ease of fixing, a composite of a rubber molded body and a metal plate is preferable.
- Ball bearings are illustrated as rolling bearings that are rolling parts, but cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, self-aligning roller bearings, needle roller bearings, thrust cylindrical roller bearings, thrust tapered roller bearings, thrust needles other than those described above Rolling bearings such as roller bearings and thrust spherical roller bearings can also be used.
- Rolling bearings for automobile electrical equipment / auxiliary machines are components that are easily affected by hydrogen, like the above-described general rolling bearings.
- the overall configuration of the rolling bearing is the same as that shown in FIG.
- An example of an automobile electrical equipment / auxiliary to which this rolling bearing is applied is shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
- 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of the structure of the fan coupling device.
- the fan coupling device includes an oil chamber 11 in which a viscous fluid such as silicone oil is filled in a case 10 that supports a cooling fan 9 and a stirring chamber 12 in which a drive disk 18 is incorporated.
- a port 14 is formed in the partition plate 13 provided therebetween, and an end of a spring 15 that opens and closes the port 14 is fixed to the partition plate 13.
- a bimetal 16 is attached to the front surface of the case 10, and a piston 17 of a spring 15 is provided on the bimetal 16.
- the bimetal 16 becomes flat when the temperature of the air that has passed through the radiator is below a set temperature, for example, 60 ° C., the piston 17 presses the spring 15, and the spring 15 closes the port 14.
- the bimetal 16 is bent outward as shown in FIG. 2B, the piston 17 releases the pressure of the spring 15, and the spring 15 is elastically deformed. Port 14 is opened.
- the rotational speed of the cooling fan 9 changes according to the temperature change, so that warming up is accelerated and overcooling of the cooling water is prevented to effectively cool the engine. Can do.
- the cooling fan 9 is equivalent to being disconnected from the drive shaft 20 when the engine temperature is low, and is equivalent to being connected to the drive shaft 20 when the engine temperature is high.
- the rolling bearing 1 is used in a wide temperature range from a low temperature to a high temperature, and in a rapid acceleration / deceleration condition in which the number of rotations greatly fluctuates with a change in temperature.
- at least one bearing member selected from an inner ring, an outer ring, and a rolling element of the rolling bearing 1 corresponds to the above-described rolling element, and is made of the above-described predetermined steel material.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the structure of the alternator.
- a pair of frames 21a and 21b forming a housing which is a stationary member, a rotor rotating shaft 23 having a rotor 22 mounted thereon is rotatably supported by a pair of rolling bearings 1 and 1.
- a rotor coil 24 is attached to the rotor 22, and a three-turn stator coil 26 is attached to the stator 25 disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor 22 with a phase of 120 °.
- the rotor rotating shaft 23 is rotationally driven with a rotational torque transmitted by a belt (not shown) to a pulley 27 attached to the tip thereof.
- the pulley 27 is attached to the rotor rotating shaft 23 in a cantilever state, and vibration is also generated as the rotor rotating shaft 23 rotates at high speed. Therefore, the rolling bearing 1 that supports the pulley 27 side in particular receives a severe load.
- at least one bearing member selected from an inner ring, an outer ring, and a rolling element of the rolling bearing 1 corresponds to the above-described rolling element, and is made of the above-described predetermined steel material.
- FIG. 4 shows another example of automobile electrical equipment and auxiliary equipment to which this rolling bearing is applied.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the structure of an idler pulley used as a belt tensioner for an auxiliary machine driving belt of an automobile.
- the pulley includes a pulley body 28 made of a steel plate press and a single row deep groove ball bearing 1 fitted to the inner diameter of the pulley body 28.
- the pulley main body 28 includes an inner diameter cylindrical portion 28a, a flange portion 28b extending from one end of the inner diameter cylindrical portion 28a to the outer diameter side, an outer diameter cylindrical portion 28c extending in the axial direction from the flange portion 28b, and an inner diameter cylindrical portion 28a.
- the outer ring 3 of the deep groove ball bearing 1 shown in FIG. 1 is fitted to the inner diameter of the inner diameter cylindrical portion 28a, and the outer peripheral diameter of the outer diameter cylindrical portion 28c is provided with a pulley peripheral surface 28e that contacts the belt driven by the engine. It has been. By bringing the pulley peripheral surface 28e into contact with the belt, the pulley functions as an idler.
- at least one bearing member selected from an inner ring, an outer ring, and a rolling element of the rolling bearing 1 corresponds to the above-described rolling element, and is made of the above-described predetermined steel material.
- the hub bearing is a component that is susceptible to hydrogen, like the above-described general rolling bearing.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hub bearing.
- the hub bearing 36 includes an inner member 35 having a hub ring 31 and an inner ring 32, an outer member 33 that is an outer ring, and double-row rolling elements 34 and 34.
- the hub wheel 31 integrally has a wheel mounting flange 31d for mounting a wheel (not shown) at one end thereof, an inner rolling surface 31a on the outer periphery, and a small diameter step extending in the axial direction from the inner rolling surface 31a.
- a portion 31b is formed.
- outside in the axial direction means the outside in the width direction when assembled to the vehicle
- inside means the center in the width direction.
- Said small diameter step part 31b is located in the axial direction inner side from the inner side rolling surface 31a.
- the inner ring 32 having an inner rolling surface 32a formed on the outer periphery is press-fitted into the small-diameter step portion 31b of the hub wheel 31.
- the inner ring 32 is prevented from coming off in the axial direction with respect to the hub ring 31 by a crimping part 31c formed by plastically deforming the end of the small diameter step part 31b of the hub ring 31 radially outward.
- the outer member 33 has a vehicle body mounting flange 33b integrally on the outer periphery, outer rolling surfaces 33a and 33a on the inner periphery, and inner rolling surfaces 31a facing the double row outer rolling surfaces 33a and 33a, Double-row rolling elements 34, 34 are accommodated between the rolling elements 32a.
- Grease can be enclosed in a space surrounded by the seal member 37, the outer member 33, the seal member 38, the inner member 35, and the hub wheel 31.
- This grease covers the periphery of the double row rolling elements 34, 34 sandwiched between the outer member 33 and the inner member 35, and the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements 34, 34, the inner rolling surface 31a, 32a and the outer rolling surfaces 33a, 33a are provided for rolling contact lubrication.
- the structural member having at least one rolling contact portion of the hub bearing corresponds to the rolling element described above, and is configured from the predetermined steel material described above.
- this constituent member for example, in the example shown in FIG.
- examples of the material used for the constituent members other than the constituent members made of the above-described predetermined steel materials include bearing steel, carburized steel, and carbon steel for machine structure.
- carbon steel for mechanical structure such as S53C which has good forgeability and is inexpensive.
- the carbon steel is generally used after high-temperature heat treatment is performed to ensure rolling fatigue strength.
- the inner ring 32 is formed of the above-described predetermined steel material in which oxide inclusions are covered with MnS
- the hub ring 31 is formed of mechanical structural carbon steel such as S53C, and is inwardly rolled.
- Surface 31a, seal land portion with which seal member 37 is slidably contacted, and small diameter step portion 31b have a surface hardness in the range of 58 to 64 HRC by induction hardening
- outer member 33 is for mechanical structures such as S53C. It is formed of carbon steel, and the inner surface of the end portion into which the seal members 37 and 38 are fitted, including the double row outer rolling surfaces 33a and 33a, has a surface hardness in the range of 58 to 64 HRC by induction hardening. Configuration is conceivable.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of an increase / decrease device that uses a rolling bearing for the increase / decrease device.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the speed increaser in the wind turbine generator.
- the speed increaser main body 41 is provided with a planetary gear mechanism 46 serving as a primary speed increaser and a secondary speed increaser 47 between an input shaft 42 and an output shaft 43.
- the planetary gear mechanism 46 has a planetary gear 49 installed on a carrier 48 fixed to the input shaft 42, the planetary gear 49 meshes with an internal ring gear 50 and a sun gear 51, and a shaft fixed to the sun gear 51 is arranged.
- the intermediate output shaft 52 is used.
- the secondary speed increaser 47 includes a gear train that transmits the rotation of the intermediate output shaft 52 to the output shaft 43 via a plurality of gears 53 to 56.
- the planetary gear 49 and the components that become the rolling bearing 57, the ring gear 50, and the gear 53 of the secondary speed increaser 47 that support the planetary gear 49 are immersed in the lubricating oil 45 of the lubricating oil storage tank 44a in the housing 44. Is done.
- the lubricating oil storage tank 44a is circulated by circulating oil supply means (not shown) including a pump and piping. Note that the circulating oil supply means is not necessarily provided, and may be an oil bath lubrication type.
- the rotation of the wind turbine main shaft (not shown) input to the input shaft 42 is greatly amplified by the planetary gear mechanism 46 and the secondary speed increaser 47 and transmitted to the output shaft 43.
- the planetary gear mechanism 46 and the secondary speed increaser 47 Provides high-speed rotation capable of power generation.
- the example for increasing the speed has been described, but it may be used for decelerating.
- the sun gear 51 is on the input side and the carrier 48 is on the output side.
- the planetary gear 49 and the rolling bearing 57 are immersed in the lubricating oil 45 of the lubricating oil storage tank 44a when the carrier 48 revolves around the carrier 48 and is positioned at the bottom, and the lubricating oil is supplied. It does not specifically limit as lubricating oil, The well-known gear oil etc. for speed-up / speed reducers can be used.
- the above-mentioned rolling bearing 57 is a rolling bearing which is a rolling part of the present invention.
- the rolling bearing will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a rolling bearing (cylindrical roller bearing).
- an inner ring 58 having an inner ring rolling surface on the outer peripheral surface and an outer ring 59 having an outer ring rolling surface on the inner peripheral surface are arranged concentrically, and a plurality of rolling bearings 57 are provided between the inner ring rolling surface and the outer ring rolling surface.
- a number of rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 60 are arranged.
- At least one of the inner ring 58, the outer ring 59, and the rolling element 60 corresponds to the rolling element described above, and is made of the predetermined steel material described above.
- the rolling bearing 57 shown in the figure is a full-roller type bearing that does not use a cage, but a cage that holds rolling elements may be provided as necessary.
- the outer ring 59 is provided with both hooks, and the inner ring 58 is free of hooks. On the contrary, the outer ring 59 may have no hooks and the inner ring 58 may have both hooks.
- the material of the cage is the same as that shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, a cylindrical roller bearing is illustrated, but other types such as a tapered roller bearing, a self-aligning roller bearing, a roller bearing such as a needle roller bearing, or a ball bearing such as a deep groove ball bearing may be used.
- a rolling bearing for a transmission is a component that is easily affected by hydrogen, like the above-described general rolling bearing.
- this rolling bearing in an environment where low-viscosity lubricating oil is used as transmission oil, such as CVT described later, slipping is likely to occur and is susceptible to hydrogen. Further, when moisture such as air is mixed in the transmission oil, hydrogen is generated due to decomposition of the mixed water, and the penetration into the steel material is promoted.
- the overall configuration of the rolling bearing is the same as that shown in FIG. However, in this rolling bearing, transmission oil filled in the transmission enters the bearing through a gap between the seal members 6 (see FIG. 1). Until this transmission oil enters the inside of the bearing, lubrication is performed with the grease 7 (see FIG. 1) previously enclosed in the bearing.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the transmission (CVT). As shown in FIG. 8, this transmission shifts the rotation of the input shaft 71 in a stepless manner and transmits it to the rotation of the output shaft 74.
- CVT cross-sectional view of the transmission
- the input shaft 71 is rotationally driven via a torque converter 80 and a planetary mechanism 81 by a drive source (not shown) such as an engine.
- a driving pulley 72 that rotates in synchronization with the input shaft 71 is provided on the input shaft 71, and the groove width of the driving pulley 72 is controlled by a driving actuator 73 so as to be freely expanded and contracted.
- a driven pulley 75 that rotates in synchronization with the output shaft 74 is provided on the output shaft 74, and the groove width of the driven pulley 75 is controlled by a driven actuator 76 so as to be freely expanded and contracted.
- the driven pulley 75 and the driving pulley 72 rotate at a speed corresponding to each diameter via an endless belt 77 spanned by a diameter corresponding to the selected groove width, and input.
- the power transmitted to the shaft 71 is transmitted from the driving pulley 72 to the driven pulley 75 via the endless belt 77.
- the power transmitted to the driven pulley 75 is transmitted from the output shaft 74 to drive wheels (not shown) via a reduction gear train 78 and a differential 79.
- the rolling bearing 70 that rotatably supports the input shaft 71 and the output shaft 74, the rolling bearing shown in FIG. 1 is used.
- the groove width of the driving pulley 72 is reduced and the groove width of the driven pulley 75 is increased, so that the endless belt 77 is stretched.
- the diameter of the portion is large at the driving pulley 72 and small at the driven pulley 75, and the output shaft 74 is accelerated relative to the input shaft 71.
- the groove spanned by the endless belt 77 is increased by increasing the groove width of the driving pulley 72 and decreasing the groove width of the driven pulley 75. Is smaller at the drive pulley 72 and larger at the driven pulley 75, and the output shaft 74 is decelerated with respect to the input shaft 71.
- Transmission oil is circulated in the transmission by an oil pump (not shown). As described above, the transmission oil enters the bearing through the gap between the seal members.
- a lubricating oil having a low kinematic viscosity is used as a transmission oil.
- Table 1 shows chemical components of the steel materials of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the steel material of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured by continuous casting, and the steel materials of Examples 1 to 3 were manufactured by ingot casting.
- the coverage in the table is the ratio (%) in which the oxidized inclusions were covered with MnS in the inclusion inspection results described later. There is no significant difference in chemical composition between Comparative Example 1 (conventional steel) and Examples 1 to 3 (developed steel), but the coverage is different.
- each of the oxide inclusions (with a maximum diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more) detected by observing a 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm area (test area 900 mm 2 ) of the steel cross section is covered with MnS. Judged whether or not.
- the oxide inclusions detected by observing the steel material cross section (surface) are oxide inclusions exposed on the cross section (surface).
- a photograph of a representative example of Comparative Example 1 (upper figure) and Example 1 (lower figure) is shown in FIG. 9, and a photograph of a representative example of Example 2 (upper figure) and Example 3 (lower figure) is shown in FIG. .
- the black spot at the approximate center of each sample or a stretched one is an oxide inclusion
- the thin line covering the periphery is MnS.
- Comparative Example 1 is 988 out of 4071 (coverage 24%), Example 1 is 1620 out of 3985 (coverage 41%), and Example 2 is 2137 out of 4103 (coverage 52%). 3 was covered with MnS in 4005 out of 4267 (coverage 94%).
- the ultrasonic axial load fatigue test is a fatigue test in which a test piece is brought into a resonance state by ultrasonic vibration, repeated stress is generated, and the fatigue strength of the test piece can be obtained in a short time. For this reason, it is possible to fatigue before the hydrogen which penetrate
- the steel materials of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3 ultrasonic axial load fatigue test pieces having the shape shown in FIG. 11 were manufactured.
- the numerical unit in FIG. 11 is mm. In each of the heat treatments, heating was performed in an RX gas atmosphere at 850 ° C. for 50 minutes, followed by quenching in oil at 80 ° C., followed by tempering at 180 ° C. for 120 minutes.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of the ultrasonic axial load fatigue test.
- the horizontal axis represents the number of loads, and the vertical axis represents the stress amplitude (MPa).
- Comparative Example 1 comparatival steel
- the fatigue strength was clearly reduced by charging, while in Examples 1 to 3 (developed steel), the fatigue strength was slightly lower than that without hydrogen charging. From these results, it can be said that Examples 1 to 3 (developed steel) have characteristics that hydrogen is less likely to accumulate around oxide inclusions that are the starting point of fracture, as compared with Comparative Example 1 (conventional steel).
- VG150 polyglycol synthetic oil (density 1.073 g / cm 3 , kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. 150 mm 2 / s, kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. 23.6 mm 2 / s) with 40 ⁇ 0.01 wt% pure water It was mixed. After making the water-mixed oil, seal with a thin film for food packaging so that water does not evaporate, stir with a stirrer for 30 minutes or more, and then use the inner and outer rings of the above test piece in a 200 mL water-mixed oil bath A test for rotating the thrust bearing 51106 was performed. Here, 12 balls made of SUS440C were used.
- FIG. 13 shows an operation pattern.
- the maximum contact surface pressure between the race surface and the steel ball in the elastic Hertz contact calculation under this load condition is 2.3 GPa.
- test was performed by preparing 5 pieces of each of the test piece 2 (Example 1), the test piece 3 (Example 1 + nitriding treatment), and the test piece 1 (Comparative Example 1). All peeling occurred on the race surface of the inner ring or outer ring 51106, and all peeling was characterized by hydrogen.
- Table 2 shows L 10 , L 50 , and Weibull slope (shape parameter) e obtained by applying the peel life of each test piece to the 2-parameter Weibull distribution.
- Test piece 3 (Example 1 + nitriding treatment) was tempered at 500 ° C. for 1 hour.
- FIG. 14 shows the cross-sectional hardness distribution (Vickers hardness HV) in the depth direction from the rolling surface of the test piece 3. The measurement was performed at 50 ⁇ m intervals using a Vickers hardness meter. As shown in FIG. 14, the hardness difference ⁇ HV between the rolling surface of 0.05 mm and the non-nitrided depth (0.2 mm or more) was 60.
- FIG. 15 shows the cross-sectional nitrogen concentration distribution in the depth direction from the rolling surface of the test piece.
- Analyzer EPMA
- the surface nitrogen concentration was 0.05% by weight.
- the “surface” in the surface nitrogen concentration is a range from 0 to 0.01 mm in depth from the surface. As the nitrogen concentration in the surface layer increases, ⁇ HV increases.
- rolling parts of the present invention can effectively prevent early peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement, electric parts for automobiles such as alternators, electromagnetic clutches for car air conditioners, fan coupling devices, intermediate pulleys, electric fan motors, etc.
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Abstract
Description
また、風力発電装置の増速機の転がり軸受に適用することで、該機器の寿命延長が図れ、該装置へのアクセスが困難となる場合でもメンテナンス頻度を減少させることができる。
また、CVTのようにトランスミッションオイルとして粘度の低い潤滑油が使われる環境下においても早期剥離を防止することができる。
また、ハブベアリング運転時に内部(例えば、グリース中)に水が混入するような過酷な使用条件下でも、長寿命を持つハブベアリングとして好適に使用できる。
被覆率(%)=(最大径が3μm以上の酸化物系介在物の中でMnSで覆われた酸化物系介在物の個数)/(最大径が3μm以上の酸化物系介在物の全個数)×100
また、被覆率は高い方が好ましく、50%以上がより好ましく、90%以上がさらに好ましい。ここで、MnSで覆われているとは、MnSが酸化物系介在物を核として析出し、この酸化物系介在物の周りに巻き付いたような状態をいい、酸化物系介在物の周囲が完全に覆われている場合のみならず一部が覆われている場合を含む。また、MnSは圧延方向に引き伸ばされた線形状である。
C(炭素)は、鋼材の強度確保に必要な元素である。また、焼入性への影響も大きく、焼入硬化層の硬さおよび深さを高めて疲労強度の向上にも寄与する。上記範囲では、これらの効果を十分に得られる。
Si(珪素)は、焼入加熱時にオーステナイト粒成長を抑制するため、本来は積極的に添加したいが、Siの添加により鍛造性、被削性が著しく劣化する。これらの観点より、0.35質量%未満とする。
Mn(マンガン)は、強度および焼き入れ性の向上に有効に寄与する元素である。また、Mnが過剰であると、粒界に偏析して粒界割れを引き起こすと考えられるため、0.5質量%未満が適当である。
S(硫黄)は、鋼材中でMnSを形成する元素である。一方でオーステナイトの粒界に偏析し、粒界強度を低下させ、疲労強度を低下させるおそれもある。これらの観点より、0.025質量%未満とする。
Cr(クロム)は、安定した炭化物を形成し、また焼入性を向上させて、強度、耐摩耗性、疲労強度の向上に寄与する元素である。一方、Crが過剰に含有されれば、鍛造性および被削性が低下する。これらの効果を十分に得るためには、上記範囲が適当である。
自動車電装・補機用の転がり軸受は、上述の一般的な転がり軸受と同様に水素の影響を受けやすい部品である。転がり軸受の全体構成は、図1に示すものと同様である。この転がり軸受を適用する自動車電装・補機の一例を図2(a)および図2(b)に示す。図2(a)および図2(b)はファンカップリング装置の構造の断面図である。ファンカップリング装置は、冷却用ファン9を支持するケース10内にシリコーンオイル等の粘性流体が充填されたオイル室11とドライブディスク18が組込まれた撹拌室12とを設け、両室11、12間に設けられた仕切板13にポート14を形成し、そのポート14を開閉するスプリング15の端部を上記仕切板13に固定している。また、ケース10の前面にバイメタル16を取付け、そのバイメタル16にスプリング15のピストン17を設けている。バイメタル16はラジエータを通過した空気の温度が設定温度、例えば60℃以下の場合、扁平の状態となり、ピストン17はスプリング15を押圧し、スプリング15はポート14を閉じる。また、上記空気の温度が設定温度をこえると、バイメタル16は図2(b)に示すように、外方向にわん曲し、ピストン17はスプリング15の押圧を解除し、スプリング15は弾性変形してポート14を開放する。
ハブベアリングは、上述の一般的な転がり軸受と同様に水素の影響を受けやすい部品である。ハブベアリングの一例(従動輪用第三世代ハブベアリング)を図5に示す。図5は、ハブベアリングの断面図である。ハブベアリング36は、ハブ輪31および内輪32を有する内方部材35と、外輪である外方部材33と、複列の転動体34、34とを備えている。ハブ輪31はその一端部に車輪(図示せず)を取付けるための車輪取付けフランジ31dを一体に有し、外周に内側転走面31aと、この内側転走面31aから軸方向に延びる小径段部31bとが形成されている。本明細書においては、軸方向に関して「外」とは、車両への組付け状態で幅方向外側をいい、「内」とは、幅方向中央側をいう。上記の小径段部31bは、内側転走面31aから軸方向内側に位置する。
増減速機用の転がり軸受は、大気に完全に解放された用途で使用する場合には、大気中からの水分の混入の可能性がある。また、油浴等の潤滑油が接触している雰囲気環境は、特に屋外で用いられる装置(増減速機を有する)においては、日々の寒暖、乾湿の変動により、マクロ的には装置が閉鎖されていたとしても、ミクロ的には開放系であるため、装置内外の環境間で常時呼吸していると考えられる。装置内に入り込んだ外気が高湿の場合、装置内に結露が生じ、潤滑油中に水分が混入する。また、風力発電装置のように、豪雨や強い風雨にさらされる場合には、さらに多くの水分が混入すると考えられる。このため、増減速機用の転がり軸受は、水素の影響を受けやすい部品である。
トランスミッション用の転がり軸受は、上述の一般的な転がり軸受と同様に水素の影響を受けやすい部品である。特に、この転がり軸受において、後述のCVTのようにトランスミッションオイルとして粘度の低い潤滑油が使われる環境下においては、すべりが発生しやすく水素の影響を受けやすい。また、トランスミッションオイル中に空気中等の水分が混入した場合、混入している水の分解により水素が発生し、鋼材中への侵入が促進される。
表1に、実施例および比較例の鋼材について、それぞれの化学成分を示す。比較例1の鋼材は連続鋳造により、実施例1~3の鋼材はインゴット鋳造により、それぞれ製造したものである。表中の被覆率は、後述の介在物検査結果における、酸化系介在物がMnSによって覆われていた割合(%)である。比較例1(従来鋼)と実施例1~3(開発鋼)とで化学成分自体に大きな違いはないが、被覆率は異なる。
介在物検査は、鋼材断面の30mm×30mmの面積(被検面積900mm2)を観察して検出された酸化物系介在物(最大径が3μm以上のもの)のうち、それぞれがMnSで覆われているかを判断した。ここで、鋼材断面(表面)を観察して検出された酸化物系介在物とは、該断面(表面)に露出している酸化物系介在物である。比較例1(上図)および実施例1(下図)の代表例の写真を図9に、実施例2(上図)および実施例3(下図)の代表例の写真を図10に、それぞれ示す。各図において、各サンプル略中央の黒点またはこれが引き伸ばされたものが酸化物系介在物であり、その周囲を覆う薄い線状物がMnSである。
超音波軸荷重疲労試験は、超音波振動により試験片を共振状態にして、繰返し応力を発生させ、試験片の疲労強度を短時間で求めることができる疲労試験である。このため、鋼材中に侵入した水素が散逸する前に疲労させることが可能であり、水素の影響を合理的に評価できる。比較例1および実施例1~3の鋼材を用いて、図11に示す形状の超音波軸荷重疲労試験片を製作した。なお、図11中の数値単位はmmである。熱処理は、いずれについても、850℃のRXガス雰囲気中で50分加熱して、80℃の油中でずぶ焼入を施した後、180℃で120分の焼戻を施した。
水が混入する転がり接触条件下では水が分解して水素が発生し、それが鋼中に侵入して早期剥離が起きる。そこで、水混入油中での転がり疲労試験を行った。比較例1および実施例1の鋼材を用いて、スラスト軸受51106の内外輪を製作した。それぞれ試験片1(比較例1)と試験片2(実施例1)とする。熱処理は、いずれも850℃のRXガス雰囲気中で50分加熱し、80℃の油でずぶ焼入を施した後、180℃で120分の焼戻を施した。また、実施例1の鋼材については、850℃のRXガス雰囲気中にアンモニアガスを添加したものも製作した。これを試験片3(実施例1+窒化処理)とする。
2 内輪
3 外輪
4 転動体
5 保持器
6 シール部材
7 グリース
8a、8b 開口部
9 冷却用ファン
10 ケース
11 オイル室
12 撹拌室
13 仕切板
14 ポート
15 スプリング
16 バイメタル
17 ピストン
18 ドライブディスク
19 流通穴
20 ドライブ軸
21a、21b フレーム
22 ロータ
23 ロータ回転軸
24 ロータコイル
25 ステータ
26 ステータコイル
27 プーリ
28 プーリ本体
31 ハブ輪
32 内輪
33 外方部材
34 転動体
35 内方部材
36 ハブベアリング
37 シール部材
38 シール部材
41 増速機本体
42 入力軸
43 出力軸
44 ハウジング
45 潤滑油
46 遊星歯車機構
47 2次増速機
48 キャリア
49 遊星歯車
50 リングギヤ
51 太陽歯車
52 中間出力軸
53~56 歯車
57 転がり軸受
58 内輪
59 外輪
60 転動体
70 転がり軸受
71 入力軸
72 駆動側プーリ
73 駆動側アクチュエータ
74 出力軸
75 従動側プーリ
76 従動側アクチュエータ
77 無端ベルト
78 減速歯車列
79 デファレンシャル
80 トルクコンバータ
81 遊星機構部
Claims (12)
- 鋼材からなる転動要素を有する転動部品であって、
前記転動要素の鋼材中に含まれる酸化物系介在物の少なくとも一部がMnSで覆われており、前記転動要素の鋼材中の最大径が3μm以上の前記酸化物系介在物において、その全個数に対するMnSで覆われたものの個数の割合が40%をこえることを特徴とする転動部品。 - 前記鋼材の成分組成は、C:0.95質量%以上1.1質量%以下、Si:0.35質量%未満、Mn:0.5質量%未満、S:0.025質量%未満、Cr:1.4質量%以上1.6質量%未満、残部が鉄および不純物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の転動部品。
- 前記転動要素は、その表層に窒化処理が施されてなり、表面窒素濃度が0.05~0.6重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の転動部品。
- 前記転動要素の表面から0.05mm深さの箇所と前記窒素が含まれていない深さの箇所とのビッカース硬度差ΔHVが60以上であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の転動部品。
- 前記転動部品が、内輪、外輪、および転動体を有する転がり軸受であって、
前記内輪、外輪、および転動体から選ばれる少なくとも1つが前記転動要素であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の転動部品。 - 前記転がり軸受は、エンジン出力で回転駆動される回転軸を静止部材に回転自在に支持する自動車電装・補機用の転がり軸受であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の転動部品。
- 前記転がり軸受は、自動車のオルタネータ、ファンカップリング装置、またはアイドラプーリに用いられる転がり軸受であることを特徴とする請求項6記載の転動部品。
- 前記転がり軸受は、入力軸の回転を遊星歯車を用いて増減速させて出力軸に伝える増減速機において、油潤滑されながら前記遊星歯車を回転自在に支持する増減速機用の転がり軸受であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の転動部品。
- 前記増減速機は、風力発電装置に用いられる増速機であることを特徴とする請求項8記載の転動部品。
- 前記転がり軸受は、入力軸の回転と出力軸の回転とを変速して伝達するトランスミッション内に配置され、前記入力軸、前記出力軸、またはこれらの回転に伴い回転する部材を回転自在に支持するトランスミッション用の転がり軸受であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の転動部品。
- 前記トランスミッションが、前記入力軸の回転と前記出力軸の回転とを無段階変化で変速して伝達する無段変速方式であることを特徴とする請求項10記載の転動部品。
- 前記転動部品が、転がり接触部を有する構成部材を備え、自動車の車輪を回転支持するハブベアリングであって、前記構成部材が前記転動要素であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の転動部品。
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EP14842553.1A EP3042977B1 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | Method of testing the suitability of use of a rolling component |
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JP2013197732A JP6294620B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | トランスミッション用転がり軸受 |
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JP2013197731A JP6294619B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | 増減速機用転がり軸受および増減速機 |
JP2013-197730 | 2013-09-25 | ||
JP2013197730A JP6294618B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | ハブベアリング |
JP2013197729A JP6294617B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | 自動車電装・補機用転がり軸受 |
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WO2018123469A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | Ntn株式会社 | 軸受部品及びその製造方法 |
JP2018168399A (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-01 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | トランスミッション用高強度機械部品及びその製造方法 |
WO2019044665A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-07 | Ntn株式会社 | 転動部品、転がり軸受、自動車電装補機用転がり軸受及び増減速機用転がり軸受 |
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CN107975498B (zh) * | 2016-10-24 | 2021-08-31 | 开利公司 | 用于离心压缩机的扩压器及具有其的离心压缩机 |
CN112595605B (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-08-08 | 浙江省医疗器械检验研究院 | 油浴环境下材料拉伸试验机 |
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WO2018123469A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | Ntn株式会社 | 軸受部品及びその製造方法 |
US11781596B2 (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2023-10-10 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing component and method for manufacturing the same |
JP2018168399A (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-01 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | トランスミッション用高強度機械部品及びその製造方法 |
WO2019044665A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-07 | Ntn株式会社 | 転動部品、転がり軸受、自動車電装補機用転がり軸受及び増減速機用転がり軸受 |
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EP3042977A4 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
US20160208854A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
US10208798B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
EP3042977B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
CN105555982A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
EP3042977A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
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