Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/26—Details
  • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
  • B02C13/2804—Shape or construction of beater elements the beater elements being rigidly connected to the rotor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/20—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors
  • B02C13/205—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors arranged concentrically

Definitions

• the invention concerns an apparatus to reduce size of a light, dry, fibrous material, particularly straw.
• Examples of light, dry, fibrous material are leaves, algae, bamboo, grass, straw, recycling paper and old wrappings with appropriate properties,
• the size reduction of straw represents an important work step,
• the quality of the size reduction process and the later OSSB panel quality can be evaluated based on certain criteria .
• the straw shall be split, i .e. strands shall be size reduced for example to half shells, so that they can be glued well and pressed densely later on and an appealing optical surface of the panel can be created .
• Analogously basically all closed structures of the material, for example nodes of the strands, shall be opened or split by means of the size reduction process,
• the length of the straw and the fibrous structure shall be preserved as much as possible for optical and mechanical reasons, For similar reasons, a possibly small fines portion of is sought.
• shaped piece made of synthetic resin densified wood which are for example known under the trade names Delignit
• Refiners with a commonly cylindrical shaped grinding tool wherein material Is continuously grinded or rubbed over its rotating surface, can be basically used ⁇ o reduce size of straw,
• the high split rate is opposed by a high fines portion and a sufficient length and fibrous structure of the straw cannot be obtained by means of size reduction with a refiner
• a process and an apparatus for the size reduction of light, dry, fibrous materials, particularly straw are known from the German patent application 1 0 201 3 206 275.3.
• the therein disclosed apparatus reduces size of the straw in a way that due to centrifugal forces the straw moves radially outward along a beating bar fixed to an impeller. Radial to the beating bar there is a gap provided towards a beating edge.
• the beating bar and the beating edge are particularly realized by means of simple wear plates.
• the radial moving straw hit the beating edge and gets split and size reduced due to the collision .
• Strands of the straw can be split by this apparatus and process to a major portion into half shells.
• the disclosed apparatus and process cannot split the nodes of the straw to a major portion, which usually appear with a distance of about 1 20 mm in the strands and have a comparatively high strength .
• the size reduced material is therefore not optimal suitable for use manufacturing high quality OSSB panels .
• the underlying problem of the invention is to provide a further developed apparatus to reduce size of light, dry, fibrous materials, particularly straw, which can reduce the size of material in a more appropriate way.
• An apparatus according to claim 1 serves to solve the problem .
• Preferable embodiments are described in the sub-claims.
• the problem is solved by means of an apparatus to reduce size of a light, dry, fibrous material, particularly straw, with a material supply area, an impeller and a material release area for the size reduced material as well as a ring element, which is arranged with a distance to the Impeller, At least one size reduction tool is arranged at the Impeller and/or at the ring element,
• the size reduction tool is provided angular shaped, particularly L- shaped, or has the shape of a polygonal, particularly ashlar-formed, hollow profile or solid profile.
• a size reduction tool with angular shape, particularly L-shape, or with the shape of a polygonal, particularly ashlar-formed, hollow profile or solid profile enables to provide two surfaces, wherein a first surface can reduce size of the material by means of beating and a second surface by means of grinding.
• Beating means one-time hit, crash or bounce under high kinetic energy. For beating it is not relevant, whether a moved body hit a still standing body, a move in the same direction at different speed cause the hit or move in opposite directions of two bodies are the reason for a collision .
• Grinding means that a size reduction occurs within a gap between two opposite surfaces, wherein both grinding surfaces move relative to each other. If the surfaces are even, the size reduction is facilitated by rubbing, shearing and/or squeezing . If one or both surfaces provide a side-face with a multiplicity of hollows and/or protrusions, the size reduction will be caused In addition by means of continuous, multiple hits. Such a continuous, multiple hitting within a coherent side-face Is no beating within the meaning of the present invention.
• a size reduction tool with angular shape or with the shape of a polygonal hollow profile or solid profile can reduce size of material more appropriately, so that a major portion of solid fibrous structures are reliably split.
• split rates of the nodes in the straw of over 50% , regularly over 75% or even above 90% can be achieved.
• a size reduction tool with angular shape is notably saving material .
• an L-shape not only material can be saved, but also a space-saving
• a connecting device to the Impeller or ring element can be provided .
• a hollow profile is also notably material saving.
• a solid profile can be manufactured with few production expenses.
• a leg of the angular shaped size reduction tool is connected to the impeller or ring element and a second leg is connected to the first leg, wherein particularly the second leg Is facing a shearing area between impeller and ring element.
• a size reduction tool can hereby be manufactured with notably little volume and material .
• the ring element is rotatabie.
• a notably high relative shearing speed between impeller and ring element can be generated ,
• a leg of the angular shaped size reduction tool or a side of the polygonal profile extend at least substantially tangentially to the ring element or to the impeller.
• the leg or the side is facing a shearing area between impeller and ring element.
• a shearing area is the area between impeller and ring element, in which a shearing motion is usually produced by an opposing relative motion between Impeller and ring element, At least substantially tangentially to the ring element or to the impeller means that a body is aligned in or angular to a tangent plane.
• a size reduction tool with a first surface for beating the material and a second surface for grinding the material can be provided in notably simple manner.
• the at least substantially tangentiaiiy extend of the leg, i.e. leg length, or the side, i .e.
• side length is chosen in a way that during size reduction of straw as material, nodes of the straw can be split to a portion bigger than 50%, preferably bigger than 75%, especially preferably bigger than 90% and at the same time an average length of the size reduced straw of bigger than 50 mm, preferably bigger than 75 mm, especially preferably bigger than 90 mm can be obtained.
• This embodiment is based on the leading thought that at a too short chosen extend or length, a too little portion of nodes can be split, whereas at a too big chosen extend, the straw will be cut in too short strands.
• a length of the leg or the side which can achieve an appropriate size reduction of material, enables the elimination of further following processing steps such as the screening of non split nodes after the size reduction process, and therefore the manufacturing of high quality panels with notably little production expense.
• the at least substantially tangentiaiiy extend of the leg, respectively leg length, or the side, respectively side length is bigger than the smaller value of 30 mm or arc length of 3° angle, preferably 45 mm or arc length of 4,5° angle, especially preferably 60 mm or arc length of 6° angle, and/or smaller than the bigger value of 1 80 mm or arc length of 1 8° angle, preferably 1 30 mm or arc length of 1 3° angle, especially preferably 80 mm or arc length of 8" angle .
• the arc length refers herein to the outer circumference of the Impeller or the inner circumference of the ring element.
• a leg or a side of the size reduction tool form an acute angle with a tangent, Through applying an acute angle, it can be prevented that a high fines portion is generated and that the material is cut excessively in length, such that for example a notably short straw strand length is obtained ,
• a distance in circumferential direction is provided between two size reduction tools at the impeller or between two size reduction tools at the ring element, which is equal or bigger than a at least substantially tangentially extend of the leg, respectively leg length, or the side, respectively side length, of the size reduction tool ,
• the size reduction tool at the impeller has a front edge of an at least substantially tangentially extend of the leg or the side, wherein the front edge is arranged in rotation direction and in parallel or angular to an axis of the impeller.
• the at least substantially tangentially extend of the leg or the side produce an acute angle with a tangent plane through the above described front edge.
• a minimum gap width between impeller and ring element during a relative shearing motion can thus be defined by the front edge, and a high fines portion as well as an excessively high shortening of the materia! length can be prevented.
• the size reduction tool provides at the impeller a front edge in rotation direction of the impeller and a back edge at the opposite end of the at least substantially tangentially extend of the leg or the side, wherein the radius of the back edge to an axis of the impeller is equal or smaller than the radius of the front edge to the axis of the impeller,
• the front edge can in particular correspond to the front edge according to one of the previous described embodiments.
• the front edge and the back edge are facing a shearing area between impeller and ring element.
• a minimum gap width which is defined by the front edge, can remain nearly constant or at least cannot fall below it over the whole at least substantially tangentially extend of the size reduction tool during a relative shearing motion .
• An appropriate splitting of the material, particularly hard, closed fibrous structures, for example nodes in straw, can be obtained without excessive Increase of the fines portion .
• a L-shaped size reduction tool with a first leg and a second leg is arranged angularly to a tangent plane
• impeller Favorable is a radial orientation of the first leg in order to maximize the beating force and to work against a fast material flow to the second leg and therewith a short grinding period ,
• a size reduction tool is arranged each at the impeller and the ring element, particularly, wherein preferably the size reduction tool at the ring element is arranged relative to the orientation of the size reduction tool at the impeller 1 80° rotated around the axis of the impeller or ring element,
• the at least substantially tangentially extend of the leg or the side provides a side-face at the surface that faces the shearing area, which particularly has saw teeth or notches in polygon shape, preferably rectangle shape, or rounded notches, preferably with U-shape or semicircle,
• the notches can be aligned radially, at least substantially radially or angular to radial direction and/or in parallel or angular to an axis of the Impeller,
• a side-face has in contrast to a smooth surface protrusions and/or hollows, which regularly form a repetitive pattern .
• a side-face with the described shapes of the previous embodiment is arranged at an at least substantially radially extend in direction of a relative sharing motion between impeller and ring element, By providing a side-face at an at least substantially radially extend, a notably effective and efficient size reduction is enabled.
• the size reduction tool is featured as one-piece body, particularly as a metal casting part, preferably made of Ni-hard material .
• a one-piece size reduction tool can be manufactures with notably little expense, particularly through metal casting methods.
• the size reduction tool is part of a tool module, which connects the size reduction tool either with the Impeller or with the ring element, wherein a tool module particularly comprises only one size reduction tool , Thanks to the fact that the size reduction tool is part of a tool module, the size reduction tool can be changed with notably little effort.
• a minimum gap wiath between impeller and ring element is adjustable, particularly by means of the relative position between the size reduction tool and a tool unit of a tool module, which is preferably detachably connected with the impeller or the ring element,
• each at least one tool module or at least one size reduction tool there is arranged at the impeller and the ring element each at least one tool module or at least one size reduction tool, wherein preferably the tool modules or the size reduction tools are identical in construction.
• fool modules with size reduction tools that are not identical in construction can be applied when using a base body of the tool module with exchangeable size reduction tool as part of the tool module at the ring element or impeller, wherein the base body is particularly not Identical in construction, and wherein the size reduction tools that are not identical in construction preferably differ in the side-face surface that faces the
• the size reduction tool of one of the above described embodiments does not provide a sharp edge or knife for cutting. Through the abandonment of a sharp edge or knife, notably little manufacturing expense for the size reduction tool can be enabled.
• the apparatus to reduce size of material Is a ring flaker, disk flaker, rotor flaker and cylinder flaker.
• the above described tool module comprises a size reduction tool, which has no angular shape, but a side-face as described above.
• a surface in rotation direction has then in at least substantially radial direction only the expansion of the side-faces plus the necessary material thickness for the strength of the size reduction tool . Beating and grinding is then also rudimental!y possible, but with less effecfivity and efficiency. Nevertheless, notably little expense suffices for producing the apparatus.
• Figure 1 Detailed view of an apparatus to reduce size of material with a fool module and a size reduction tool at the ring element and the impeller as cross section ,
• Figure 2 Illustration of a size reduction tool at the impeller
• Figure 3 Illustration of a size reduction tool at the ring element
• Figure 4 Illustration of a tool module with a size reduction tool .
• Figure 5a, b, c Side-face variants of the size reduction tool .
• the straw moves from a material supply area 1 to the impeller 2, which rotates around the axis 8 during operations (figures 1 and 3) , Between the impeller 2 and the ring element 4, which is arranged with a distance to the impeller 2, there is a shearing area 3, in which the straw is split or
• the ring element 4 is either firmly installed or can also rotate around the axis 8.
• the ring element 4 can either rotate in counter direction to the impeller 2 or rotate with different speed.
• the size reduced straw there can be arranged 1 to 50 tool modules 1 0 or size reduction tools 6 over the circumference of the impeller 2 and/or the ring element 4 with equal distance between each other, Preferably, 4 to 20 tool modules 1 0 or size reduction tools 6 are placed on the impeller and 1 2 to 30 too! modules 1 0 or size reduction tools 6 are placed on the ring element 4 , By means of the distances between the tool modules 1 0 or the size reduction tools 6 In circumferential direction, a notably reliable removal of the size reduced material can be achieved.
• the diameter of the impeller 2 and/or the ring element 4 are in the range of 800 to 2000 mm depending on machine type .
• the size reduction tool 6 as in the figures 1 » 2, 4 and 5a to 5c shows an angular shape with two legs ( 1 1 , 1 2), of which the tangential leg 1 1 extends at least substantially tangentiaily and the radial leg 1 2 extends at least substantially radially,
• the tangential leg 1 1 and the radial leg 1 2 form a L- shape, wherein L-shape means an at least substantially 90° angle between both legs.
• the tangential leg 1 1 is facing the shearing area 3.
• the figure 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a size reduction machine with a L-shaped size reduction tool 6, which is mounted at the impeller 2 and not part of a tool module 1 0 ,
• the figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a size reduction machine with a size reduction tool 6, which is mounted at the ring element 4 and has the shape of an ashlar-formed hollow profile, A side of the polygonai profile, or the tangential leg 1 1 respectively, extend at least substantially
• the tangential leg 1 1 forms an acute angle with the tangent 1 3, wherein the angular point is formed by the shearing area 3 facing front edge 1 5 of the tangential leg In rotation direction or respectively the direction of the relative shearing motion,
• the acute angle 1 4 Is chosen in the exemplary embodiments of the figures 1 (only impeller), 2, 3 and 4 in a way that the radius 1 7 of the front edge 1 5 to the axis 8 and the radius 1 7 of the back edge 1 6 to the axis 8 are equal or nearly equal ,
• a minimum gap width 9 between impeller 2 and ring element 4 during one rotation is defined by the front edge 1 5
• the acute angle 1 4 would be smaller, then the gap 9 during the relative shearing motion along the tangential leg 1 1 would become smaller,
• a nearly constant gap during the shearing over each other of the size reduction tools 6 at the impeller 2 and the ring element 4 is notably productive .
• the apparatus to reduce size of material provides at the Impeller 2 and at the ring element 4 each at least one tool module 1 0 or
• the tool modules 1 0 are Identical in construction and arranged 1 80° rotated at the ring element 4 relative to the impeller 2 ,
• the apparatus to reduce size of material can be manufactures with notably little expense.
• the acute angle 1 4 of the size reduction tool 6 at the ring element 4 correspond to the absolute value according to the acute angle 1 4 of the size reduction tool 6 at the impeller 2.
• the orientation of the acute angle 1 4 is however oriented in the opposite direction, The gap 1 3 will get thus bigger during the shearing over each other and therefore will not get reduced .
• the reduced production expense due to the lower amount of parts is opposed by a lower effectivity and efficiency for the spiting of nodes in the straw,
• FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c show exemplary embodiments of an apparatus to reduce size of material with a tangential leg 1 1 » which has a side-face at the surface that faces the shearing area 3.
• Figure 5a shows a saw teeth side-face.
• Figure 5b shows a side-face with rounded notches with U-shape
• Figure 5c shows a side-face with rectangular hollows or notches with rectangular shape respectively
• a side-face 1 8 can also be provided for the radial leg, which is not shown in the figures, though .
• the size reduction tool 6 in Figure 5c comprises a plate shaped tangential leg 1 1 with a side-face 1 8 and a plate shaped radial leg 1 2, wherein tangential leg 1 1 and radial leg 1 2 are separate parts,
• the size reduction tools 6 as shown in the other figures are one-piece made of Ni-hard material via metal casting methods, By means of all the shown exemplary embodiments, a split rate of straw and the nodes of at least 90% can be achieved at simultaneous retention of an average straw length of at least 90 mm,
• the minimum gap width 9 Is regularly between 4 to 1 6 mm, preferably between 8 to 1 0 mm, depending on the properties of the straw,
• the size reduction tool 6 as in figure 2 provides an exact 90 ' angle between both legs and is placed at the impeller 2 tilted, or rotated respectively, by the acute angle 1 4.
• the production expense for a 90° angular size reduction tool 6 is notably low,
• the gap width 9 can also retained nearly constant during a rotation of the impeller,
• these advantages are opposed by the fact that due to the tilt of the radial leg 1 2, the straw will move faster to the tangential leg 1 1 and sheared and size reduced for a shorter time period by means of the tangential leg 1 2 , The consequence is a lower effectivity and efficiently of the size reduction process
• the figure 4 shows a detailed view of the tool module 1 0, which connects the size reduction tool 6 with the impeller 2 or as shown in figure 1 with the ring element 4.
• the supporting means 1 9 as part of the impeller 2 or of the ring element 4, which extends in parallel to the axis 8 and serves for mounting the size reduction tool 6 or the tool module respectively
• the supporting means 1 9 provides a guiding notch 20, which extends particularly in longitudinal direction or respectively axis 8 of the supporting means 1 9, Thanks to the guiding notch 20, the tool module 1 0 can be assembled notably easily and precisely always at the same radial position at the supporting means 1 9 or respectively the impeller 2 or ring element 4,
• a tool unit 21 of the tool module 1 0 as a protrusion for generating a form fit with the guiding notch 20 of the supporting means 1 9, wherein the
• the tool unit 21 further provides a drill hole, in which a screw can be inserted in order to connect the size reduction tool 6 with the tool unit 21 in a force-fit manner.
• the size reduction tool 6 therefore also provides a drill hole, namely in form of a particularly radial oriented oblong hole 22. By means of the oblong hole 22, the radial position of the size reduction tool 6 can be notably easily and flexibly adjusted, In a further embodiment, which is not shown, the size reduction tool 6 provides a drill hole and the tool unit 21 has the oblong hole.
• a clamping plate 23 connects the tool unit 21 with connected size reduction tool 6 to the supporting means 1 9 by means of a screw connection .
• the screw connection between size reduction tool 6 and tool unit 21 is chosen in a way that the head of the screw is arranged at the side of the size reduction tool 6 and has such a big circumference that at any adjustment, the oblong hole is covered by the head of the screw,
• Contamination of the oblong hole through entering materials can thus notably reliably be avoided, in particular, a light, dry, fibrous material comprises reed, respectively cane ,
• a light, dry, fibrous material comprises haulms, strands or fibers from sweet grass such as rice or rice straw, corn, wheat, barley, millet, oat, rye or cattail .
• a light, dry, fibrous material comprises jute, cannabis, flax, kenaf, palm frond or sisal .
• a light, dry, fibrous material comprises coco, soybean, bamboo, peanut shells, light weight wood, cotton, respectively cotton plant or wool , in particular, a light, dry, fibrous material comprises textile waste, vegetable waste, paper waste or other light, dry fibrous waste products ,
• straw in the above description and the claims are also meant other lignocellulosic materials with straw-like structure such as reed and rice straw,

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
• Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-08-28 DE DE102013217164.1A patent/DE102013217164A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2014
  • 2014-08-19 US US14/914,174 patent/US10363562B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-19 DK DK14753243.6T patent/DK3038756T3/en active
  • 2014-08-19 CA CA2918444A patent/CA2918444C/en active Active
  • 2014-08-19 EP EP14753243.6A patent/EP3038756B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2014-08-19 JP JP2016515977A patent/JP2016527071A/ja active Pending
  • 2014-08-19 WO PCT/EP2014/067650 patent/WO2015028354A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-08-25 CN CN201410421823.1A patent/CN104415832B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-08-25 CN CN201420481881.9U patent/CN204523119U/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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