WO2015025979A1 - マイクロ微粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
マイクロ微粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015025979A1 WO2015025979A1 PCT/JP2014/072345 JP2014072345W WO2015025979A1 WO 2015025979 A1 WO2015025979 A1 WO 2015025979A1 JP 2014072345 W JP2014072345 W JP 2014072345W WO 2015025979 A1 WO2015025979 A1 WO 2015025979A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/28—Insulins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/40—Transferrins, e.g. lactoferrins, ovotransferrins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
- A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- A61K38/482—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
- A61K38/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- A61K38/488—Aspartic endopeptidases (3.4.23), e.g. pepsin, chymosin, renin, cathepsin E
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1682—Processes
- A61K9/1694—Processes resulting in granules or microspheres of the matrix type containing more than 5% of excipient
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
- A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/02—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the hypothalamic hormones, e.g. TRH, GnRH, CRH, GRH, somatostatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/10—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the posterior pituitary hormones, e.g. oxytocin, ADH
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y304/00—Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
- C12Y304/21—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y304/00—Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
- C12Y304/23—Aspartic endopeptidases (3.4.23)
- C12Y304/23001—Pepsin A (3.4.23.1)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microparticle having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less containing an active ingredient and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a medicament, food and feed containing microparticles containing an active ingredient and having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- bioactive ingredients lose their activity due to degradation or denaturation after the production process, product storage process, and administration to the body.
- physiologically active substances such as proteins and polypeptides are decomposed and inactivated by the action of gastric acid and pepsin in the stomach, and most lose their biological activity.
- Many of the physiologically active substances exert their functions after being absorbed in the intestinal tract or act in the intestinal tract, so that it is necessary for the physiologically active component to reach the intestinal tract without being decomposed or denatured.
- Enteric coating agent for pharmaceutical use, enteric capsule material, matrix material, acrylic polymer (EUDRAGIT / Eudragit (registered trademark)), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropyl Enteric polymers such as methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC) are used. Since such enteric coating agents are used after being dissolved in an organic solvent, they are often not applicable to physiologically active substances such as proteins and polypeptides that are inactivated by a small amount of organic solvent.
- enteric capsule materials are limited to pharmaceutical applications, shellac, zein, and the like derived from natural products are used for food and feed applications.
- examples of using such naturally-derived materials include a method of protecting proteins and polypeptides by coating with an enteric film or filling an enteric capsule (Patent Document 1), matrix type enteric / sustained release composition Products (Patent Document 2), drop-wise manufacturing methods (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2), curing methods in liquid (Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 3), and the like are disclosed.
- micrometer-order particles microparticles
- enteric coating agents matrix-type sustained-release preparations, and in-liquid curing methods
- a physiologically active ingredient is formed into a matrix or covered with a substance that protects tablets and capsules called shell materials, but when the particle size of the particles is reduced, these protective ingredients The effect is greatly reduced.
- a particle is a perfect sphere
- a 1 mm diameter particle is compared to a 10 ⁇ m particle and a 1 mm particle is 1/100 the diameter of a 10 ⁇ m particle.
- the surface area per volume is 100 times larger. Since microparticles and microparticles are not perfect spheres, the surface area is further increased. For this reason, it is necessary to use a large amount of coating agent, matrix material, and enteric material for the target physiologically active ingredient, and the surface area per volume increases by an order of magnitude. There is a problem that it is difficult to obtain the protective effect of the component due to the above.
- a multi-unit tablet including a seamless capsule and a matrix composed of an acrylic polymer such as Eudragit, celluloses such as hydroxypropylcellulose and methylcellulose, and fats and oils such as hardened oil has been reported (Patent Document 4). Because it is a multi-unit tablet containing a matrix, the manufacturing method is more versatile than the conventional method of coating tablets, but it is a method that can be applied only to tablets and cannot be applied directly to pharmaceuticals such as granules or liquids. There is a problem.
- acrylic polymers such as Eudragit, and celluloses such as hydroxypropylcellulose and methylcellulose, which are used here are limited to pharmaceutical use only and cannot be used for general food or feed use. There is a problem.
- the multi-unit tablet, which is the final product must contain oil, or a new process for removing and washing the oil will be added. Had to be added to.
- a matrix preparation comprising fish growth hormone (polypeptide having a molecular weight of about 20,000 to 30,000) and an enteric polymer has been reported (Patent Document 5).
- This method can produce millimeter-sized particles that are smaller than tablets, but the production process is complicated because fish growth hormone and enteric polymer solution are dissolved in ammonia water and then freeze-dried. There is a problem that the cost is high. Further pulverization is necessary after freeze-drying, but even if pulverized, it was difficult to produce nano-order sized micro fine particles and fine particles at low cost from a micrometer.
- the mixing ratio of the fish growth hormone and the enteric polymer requires 5 times or more enteric polymer with respect to the fish growth hormone.
- the enteric polymer used is limited to pharmaceutical use only by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, it cannot be used for general food or feed. Ammonia water used in the manufacturing process is designated as a quasi-drug and dangerous substance in Japan and cannot be used in other countries due to restrictions on the use of almost all foods and feeds.
- a composition comprising an alginate gel matrix, a protein entangled in the gel matrix, and a bioactive component capable of binding to the entangled protein, wherein the composition reacts under conditions containing a proteolytic enzyme
- Patent Document 6 a controlled-release pharmaceutical composition in which a protein is degraded and a drug is released.
- the requirement for the drugs that can be used here is that they must be able to bind to proteins entangled in the gel matrix, so applicable drugs are limited to inorganic compounds and relatively small organic compounds such as antibiotics and chemotherapeutics.
- the beads or pellets produced by this method have a diameter of 0.5 to 4 mm, and there is a problem that it is difficult to apply from micrometer to nano-order size micro fine particles or fine particles.
- Patent Document 7 A method of making a composition containing a controlled delivery system by adding a target bioactive substance and a polymer to a low molecular weight gelling agent (LMWG), concentrating or gelling, and drying is reported ( Patent Document 7).
- the gelling agent used here is a chemically synthesized substance having a cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic moiety and amino group in the molecular structure, and is used for general food and feed. Cannot be used.
- a separate process for drying after concentration or gelation is required, and the process is complicated and the manufacturing cost is high.
- Patent Document 8 A method has been reported in which a physiologically active substance is mixed with an encapsulating agent to produce a liquid mixture, and then the liquid mixture is dried to produce a composition for a newborn mammal.
- This method is a method that can use an encapsulating agent that is widely used in foods and can also be applied to physiologically active substances such as proteins and polypeptides.
- physiologically active substances such as proteins and polypeptides.
- a separate process for making a liquid mixture and then drying it is necessary, and the process is complicated and the manufacturing cost is high.
- it is necessary to pulverize the dried liquid mixture but even if the dried product is pulverized, large particles with a diameter of several hundreds of micrometers can be produced.
- the drying method is limited to a drying method at a low temperature such as freeze drying, low-temperature vacuum drying, or low-temperature spray drying, and there is a problem that a long manufacturing process is required.
- the feed containing the biologically active substance is dispersed in the spray tower in the form of droplets and at the same time a powdering agent is introduced into the spray tower and the sprayed coating is coated with the powder on the drops of sprayed feed.
- a method of drying with a gas in the range of from 0 to 500 ° C. has been reported (Patent Document 9).
- This method can produce capsules with an average diameter of 100 to 2000 ⁇ m because the mechanism of capsule formation is that a cloud-like powdering agent sticks to the surface of the sprayed droplets and is dried. Capsules could not be produced.
- the solubility of flavors and sweeteners can be delayed, but stability in the body after administration of physiologically active substances, delivery to the body, and delivery to the body It could not be applied to improve absorption.
- Non-Patent Document 4 A method of producing single micron-sized porous microcapsules by spray freezing-drying after mixing phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug, with Eudragit or the like has been reported (Non-Patent Document 4). .
- This method can produce small microcapsules of single micron size by spray freeze-drying, but the problem is that the productivity of freeze-drying process is low because the solid content concentration of spray solution is as low as 1-3%. is there.
- there are two types of capsule materials used in this report Eudragit and Hydroxymethylpropylcellulose, both of which are limited to pharmaceutical applications, and therefore cannot be used for food and feed applications.
- the drug used is a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 252.27, called phenytoin, and could not be applied to a high molecular compound having a molecular weight of several thousand to several tens of thousands or more like a peptide or protein.
- Patent Document 10 A method for forming a complex with a polymer electrolyte (Patent Document 10) is disclosed.
- this method can encapsulate proteins, there is a problem that degradation of the encapsulated protein cannot be suppressed under pH conditions (pH 1.0 to 1.5) equivalent to those of animal and human gastric juices.
- pH conditions pH 1.0 to 1.5
- the manufacturing process is complicated, for example, an aqueous solution containing lactoferrin and a polymer acid solution are mixed, the resulting complex is then recovered, and a drying step is required. There is a problem that the cost is high.
- Non-Patent Document 5 A method for producing sustained-release lactoferrin fine particles (Non-Patent Document 5) is disclosed by treating an acidic polymer gel with an aqueous solution of a basic polymer.
- This method is a method in which lactoferrin is encapsulated in a gel such as calcium alginate by a submerged drying method using sorbitan sesquioleate-containing liquid paraffin, and then treated with a basic polymer.
- a gel such as calcium alginate by a submerged drying method using sorbitan sesquioleate-containing liquid paraffin
- the produced microparticles exhibit sustained release properties, but do not exhibit enteric properties, that is, the acidic simulated gastric juice is more likely to release the content of lactoferrin than the neutral simulated intestinal fluid, There is a problem that the degradation of lactoferrin in the stomach cannot be suppressed
- Patent Publication 2002-161050 WO2006 / 0882824 Patent Publication No. Hei 11-130697 JP-A-9-52847 JP-A-5-85941 Japanese Patent No. 3264948 JP 2009-520814 Japanese Patent Publication 2007-520202 JP 2009-537322 WO2006 / 016595
- the inventors of the present invention can easily produce microparticles having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less by simultaneously spraying an active ingredient and two or more kinds of matrix-forming ingredients and bringing them into contact with each other in the air. I found out that I can. Further, the present inventors have found that the microparticles produced in this way exhibit excellent enteric properties, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the active ingredient and the matrix-forming component B are contained in a first solution, and the matrix-forming component A is contained in a second solution.
- the active ingredient comprises at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of: Bovine lactoferrin, human lactoferrin, recombinant bovine lactoferrin, recombinant human lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, ribonuclease, TGF ⁇ , angiogenin, interferons, interleukins, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin, lactoferricin, Insulin, insulin analogues, insulin derivatives, GLP-1, GLP-1 analogues, GLP-1 derivatives, glucagon luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, leuprorelin, calcitonin, vasopressin or active fragments thereof [9] The method according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the matrix-forming component A contains a compound having a cationic dissociation group.
- the matrix-forming component B contains a compound having an anionic dissociating group.
- the matrix-forming component A includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of: Chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, polylysine, polyarginine, spermidine, putrescine, lysine, arginine, calcium chloride and calcium lactate [12] The method according to [11] above, wherein the component of the matrix-forming component A is in the form of sodium salt, magnesium salt or calcium salt.
- the matrix-forming component B includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of: Inositol-6-phosphate, citric acid, alginic acid, low molecular weight alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, oligodeoxynucleotide, deoxynucleotide, pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, and metaphosphoric acid Polyaspartic acid, polylactic acid, polyglutamic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid [14] The method according to [13] above, wherein the component of the matrix-forming component B is in the form of a sodium salt, a magnesium salt or a calcium salt.
- a medicament, feed or food comprising the microparticles according to [15].
- microparticles having an average particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less can be produced easily and inexpensively.
- the pharmaceutical, feed, or foodstuff which has the property which has not existed until now can be manufactured using the microparticles with an average particle diameter of 100 micrometers or less manufactured by the said method.
- the present invention provides A step of simultaneously spraying an active ingredient, a matrix-forming component A, and a matrix-forming component B capable of binding to the matrix-forming component A; and the active ingredient is supported in a polymer structure formed by combining the components A and B Recovering the microparticles, And a method for producing microparticles having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less (hereinafter referred to as “method of the present invention”).
- the active ingredient, the matrix-forming component A, and the matrix-forming component B are preferably a solution or suspension (hereinafter, “solution or suspension” is collectively referred to as “solution”).
- solution includes both solutions and suspensions.
- the matrix-forming component A and the matrix-forming component B have the property of being bonded to each other, they must be contained in different solutions. Examples where the active ingredient, matrix-forming component A, and matrix-forming component B are contained in the solution include the following cases.
- the active ingredient may be one type or a plurality of types. Particularly in the case of (4), the active ingredient contained in the first solution and the active ingredient contained in the second solution may be the same or different.
- Spraying can be performed using a normal sprayer.
- “spraying at the same time” does not necessarily need to be physically at the same time, so long as a spray of a mixture containing the active ingredient, matrix-forming component A and matrix-forming component B is formed, a slight time lag occurs. It doesn't matter.
- post-spray mixing process A mode in which the active ingredient, the matrix-forming component A and the matrix-forming component B are mixed after being discharged from the nozzle of the sprayer (hereinafter referred to as “post-spray mixing process”), And (ii) an embodiment in which the active ingredient, matrix-forming component A and matrix-forming component B are mixed before spraying, and the resulting mixture is immediately sprayed (hereinafter referred to as “post-mixing spraying process”).
- post-mixing spraying process an embodiment in which the active ingredient, matrix-forming component A and matrix-forming component B are mixed before spraying, and the resulting mixture is immediately sprayed.
- the droplets of the spray are in a state where the droplets of the spray are rising or falling by the injection force and in a state where they are freely falling by the gravity. That is, it means a state where the spray droplets are not supported by the weight of the container or the floor.
- each component is mixed in a state where it is contained in the droplets of the spray, but the mixing is instantaneously achieved when the spray of each solution comes into contact.
- From spraying to contact is performed within 1 second, preferably within 900 milliseconds, within 800 milliseconds, within 700 milliseconds, within 600 milliseconds or within 500 milliseconds.
- the active component, matrix forming component A and matrix forming component B are mixed by contact, and the matrix forming component A and matrix forming component B react with each other instantaneously to form a crosslink.
- the microparticles of the present invention are formed. That is, the micro fine particles of the present invention are instantly formed as long as the active ingredient, matrix forming component A, and matrix forming component B are in contact with each other.
- the time from mixing to spraying is 100 ms or less, 90 ms or less, 80 ms or less, 70 ms or less, 60 ms or less, 50 ms or less, 40 ms or less, 30 ms or less, 20 ms or less, 10 ms or less, 5 ms or less.
- the matrix-forming component A and the matrix-forming component B react instantaneously to form a crosslink.
- the microparticles of the present invention are formed. That is, the micro fine particles of the present invention are instantly formed as long as the active ingredient, matrix forming component A, and matrix forming component B are in contact with each other.
- a feature of the structure of the microparticle of the present invention is its size.
- the average particle diameter obtained by infrared scattering or electron microscope observation is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter means a particle diameter at an integrated value of 50% based on a sphere equivalent diameter by a microscope or an infrared scattering method.
- the shape of the particles can be various shapes such as spheres, ellipsoids, biconvex lens shapes, hemispherical shapes, partially open spheres, hemispherical shapes, or porous bodies of these shapes. 90% or more of the microparticles produced in the same lot as the production method have the same shape.
- the microparticles of the present invention are characterized in that the active ingredient is supported in the matrix structure formed by the reaction of the matrix-forming ingredients A and B.
- each solution is preferably sprayed from an individual nozzle.
- each solution is sprayed simultaneously by a sprayer having a plurality of nozzles arranged in close proximity. Thereby, each solution contacts each other in a sprayed state.
- a sprayer having a plurality of nozzles arranged close to each other includes a spray dryer having a three-fluid spray port (a device in which a nozzle No. 46555 is mounted on a B290 device manufactured by Buchi). This spray dryer has two types of liquid spray ports in addition to the compressed gas. Further, a four-fluid spray port (for example, FIGS.
- Japanese Patent No. 2797080 page 6, line 5-47
- This four-fluid spraying port can spray two types of liquid from two nozzles, and can eject gas from the remaining two ports.
- JP-A No. 2003-117442 page 5, 19-8, line 47
- JP-A No. 2003-117442 page 5, 19-8, line 47
- the “contact” of the present invention can also be achieved by this method.
- sprayers that can achieve “simultaneously spraying” in the present invention include B-290 equipped with a No.
- the formed microparticles may be recovered as they are, or may be recovered after drying.
- the drying process may be performed simultaneously with or in parallel with the spraying. That is, when the drying process is performed simultaneously with or in parallel with the spraying, the spraying process is performed under conditions for drying the microparticles. For example, if the sprayer mentioned above is used, a drying process can be performed simultaneously with spraying. As a condition for the drying treatment, ⁇ 197 ° C. to + 250 ° C. is appropriately selected. In some embodiments, the spray dryer inlet temperature is adjusted to 100-300 ° C, preferably 120-250 ° C, more preferably 150-220 ° C.
- the outlet temperature is adjusted to 30 ° C or higher, preferably 40 ° C or higher, more preferably 45 ° C or higher.
- the atmospheric pressure is adjusted to 0 to 1 atm. This is because spray drying is usually performed under atmospheric pressure conditions (1 atm), but spray drying is performed under reduced pressure spray drying with a vacuum pump.
- the microparticles may be cooled immediately after spraying and collected in a condensed state by spray cooling or spray freeze drying. .
- cooling may be performed simultaneously or in parallel with spraying. That is, when the cooling process is performed simultaneously with or in parallel with the spraying, the spraying process is performed under conditions for cooling the micro fine particles.
- the temperature is 30-70 ° C. in spray cooling, and is cooled or frozen at a temperature of ⁇ 196 to 0 ° C. by self-freezing phenomenon due to evaporation of liquid nitrogen or a cooling device or water in spray freeze drying. .
- the atmospheric pressure is adjusted to 0 to 1 atm. This is because atmospheric pressure (1 atm) is used for spray cooling, and atmospheric pressure is used from vacuum for spray freeze drying.
- the microparticles of the present invention can be used for various applications depending on the physiological activity of the active ingredient.
- the active ingredient used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having physiological activity, but is preferably a protein or peptide.
- Examples of peptides used in the method of the present invention include bovine lactoferrin, human lactoferrin, recombinant bovine lactoferrin, recombinant human lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, ribonuclease, TGF ⁇ , angiogenin, interferons, interleukins , Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin, lactoferricin, insulin, insulin analogue, insulin derivative, GLP-1, GLP-1 analogue, GLP-1 derivative, glucagon luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, leuprorelin, calcitonin, vasopressin Or active fragments thereof.
- the active ingredient may be a composition containing a plurality of types of active substances.
- the matrix-forming component A used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably contains one or more compounds having a cationic dissociation group.
- examples of such compounds include calcium lactate, calcium chloride, chitosan, low molecular chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, polylysine, polyarginine, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, lysine and arginine. These compounds may be in the form of sodium salt, magnesium salt or calcium salt, respectively.
- the matrix-forming component B is not particularly limited as long as it can bind to the matrix-forming component A, but preferably contains a compound having an anionic dissociating group.
- a compound having an anionic dissociating group examples include inositol-6-phosphate, citric acid, alginic acid, low molecular weight alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, oligodeoxynucleotide, deoxynucleotide, Examples include pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid and polyaspartic acid, polylactic acid, polyglutamic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and succinic acid. These compounds may be in the form of sodium salt, magnesium salt or calcium salt, respectively.
- the matrix forming component B contains a compound having an anionic dissociative group in the molecule, and more preferably, the matrix forming component B is inositol 6-phosphate.
- Citric acid alginic acid, low molecular weight alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, oligodeoxynucleotide, deoxynucleotide, pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyaspartic acid, polylactic acid , Polyglutamic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium salts, magnesium salts and calcium salts of these compounds.
- the matrix-forming component B When polylysine is included as a component of the matrix-forming component A, the matrix-forming component B contains a compound having an anionic dissociative group in the molecule, and more preferably, the matrix-forming component B is inositol 6-phosphate.
- Citric acid alginic acid, low molecular weight alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, aspartic acid or glutamic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, oligodeoxynucleotide, deoxynucleotide, pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, polyaspartic acid, poly It contains at least one or more selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, polyglutamic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and sodium, magnesium and calcium salts of these compounds as a component.
- the matrix-forming component A When alginic acid is included as a component of the matrix-forming component B, the matrix-forming component A contains a compound having a cationic dissociative group in the molecule, and more preferably, the matrix-forming component A includes calcium lactate, chloride It contains at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium, chitosan, low molecular chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, polylysine, polyarginine, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, lysine and arginine as a component.
- the matrix-forming component A When pectin is included as a component of the matrix-forming component B, the matrix-forming component A contains a compound having a cationic dissociation group in the molecule, and more preferably, the matrix-forming component A is chitosan, a low molecular weight It contains at least one selected from the group consisting of chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, polylysine, polyarginine, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, lysine and arginine as a component.
- the matrix forming components A and B may each be composed of one kind of compound, or may be a mixture composed of a plurality of compounds.
- the matrix-forming component A and the matrix-forming component B contain 2 components as in the case where the matrix-forming component A contains chitosan and calcium lactate as components and the matrix-forming component B contains sodium alginate and inositol 6-phosphate as components. It may be in a combination of components and two components.
- the matrix forming component A and the matrix forming component B may be in a combination of one component and a plurality of components. Examples of such a combination include a case where the matrix-forming component A contains chitosan as a component and the matrix-forming component B contains sodium alginate, inositol 6-phosphate and oligodeoxynucleotide.
- each matrix-forming component may include components having different molecular weights among similar compounds.
- the matrix-forming component A contains calcium lactate as a component and the matrix-forming component B contains alginic acid and low-molecular alginic acid, or the matrix-forming component A contains chitosan and low-molecular chitosan, and the matrix-forming component
- B contains inositol 6-phosphate.
- the mixing ratio of the matrix-forming component A and the matrix-forming component B may be in the range of, for example, 1: 1000 to 100: 1, preferably
- the molar total ratio of the dissociating groups of the matrix forming component A and the matrix forming component B is 1: 100 to 10: 1, and most preferably the molar total ratio of the dissociating groups is 1:10 to 5: 1.
- the solvent used is not particularly limited as long as it does not denature or deactivate the active ingredient, and may be either an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent. May be.
- preferred solvents include water, acetic acid, ethanol, or a mixed solution containing these in any proportion.
- the concentration of the active ingredient is 0.01 to 50% (w / v), 0.01 to 50% (w / v), 0.1 to 50% (w / v), 0. 5-50% (w / v), 1.0-50% (w / v), 2.0-50% (w / v) 3.0-50% (w / v), 4.0-50 % (W / v), 5.0 to 50% (w / v), 6.0 to 50% (w / v), 7.0 to 50% (w / v), 8.0 to 50% ( w / v), 9.0 to 50% (w / v), and 10 to 50% (w / v).
- the concentration of the matrix-forming component A is 0.01-50% (w / v), 0.1-45% (w / v), 0.5-40% (w / v) is there.
- the concentration of the matrix-forming component B is 0.01-50% (w / v), 0.1-45% (w / v), 0.5-40% (w / v). is there.
- additives such as a stabilizer may be added in addition to the active ingredient, matrix forming component A and matrix forming component B.
- additives include amino acids (eg, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, etc.), glucose, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol, sodium phosphate, propylene glycol, dextran (eg, 18-82 kD), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), heparin, Gelatin (type A and type B), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), dextran sulfate, polyphosphoric acid, polyglutamic acid, polyaspartic acid, polylactic acid, konjac, glucomannan, pullulan, gelatin, shellac, zein, pectin, carboxymethylcellulose , Methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, water-soluble soybean polysaccharide
- amino acids eg, arginine
- the microparticles of the present invention include at least an active ingredient, matrix-forming component A and matrix-forming component B, and have an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less, 90 ⁇ m or less, 80 ⁇ m or less, 70 ⁇ m or less, 60 ⁇ m or less, 50 ⁇ m or less. , 40 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the active ingredient, matrix-forming component A, and matrix-forming component B are as described above.
- the additive may be included. The additives are as described above.
- microparticles of the present invention can be used in various applications depending on the type of active ingredient.
- the microparticles of the present invention can be used as a medicine, or can be used as a food additive or a feed additive.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention When the microparticles of the present invention are used as a medicine, other components (carriers, excipients, etc.) are added to the microparticles to form a pharmaceutical composition (hereinafter referred to as “the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention”). Good.
- the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form, and can be selected according to the treatment method, but oral, sublingual, nasal, transpulmonary, The gastrointestinal tract, percutaneous, eye drop, intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, local injection, surgical transplantation and the like are preferable, and oral administration is particularly preferable.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be a solid preparation such as a granule, capsule, tablet or powder, or a liquid preparation such as a solution, suspension or emulsion, or a semi-liquid preparation such as an ointment, cream or paste. May be. Alternatively, it may be an inhalant, a patch, a spray, an external preparation, or a medicated dentifrice.
- other pharmaceutically acceptable components can be optionally blended.
- other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients include excipients, binders, disintegrants, antioxidants, preservatives, adjuvants, lubricants, sweeteners, fragrances, etc. It is not limited to.
- examples of other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients include, for example, emulsification aids (for example, fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, albumin, dextran), stabilizers (for example, cholesterol, phosphatidine).
- isotonic agents eg, sodium chloride, glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose
- pH adjusters eg, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine
- the content of the additive in the composition of the present invention is suitably 90% by weight or less, preferably 70% by weight or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or less.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared by adding the microparticles of the present invention to a carrier dispersion and stirring appropriately.
- the additive can be added in an appropriate step before or after the addition of the microparticles of the present invention.
- the aqueous solvent that can be used in preparing the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable.
- an electrolyte solution such as water for injection, distilled water for injection, and physiological saline.
- sugar solutions such as glucose solution and maltose solution.
- conditions such as pH and temperature in such a case can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the composition of the present invention can be, for example, a solution or a lyophilized preparation thereof.
- the lyophilized preparation can be prepared by lyophilizing the composition of the present invention having a liquid form according to a conventional method. For example, after appropriately sterilizing the composition of the present invention in the form of a liquid agent, a predetermined amount is dispensed into a vial and pre-freezing for about 2 hours at about ⁇ 40 to ⁇ 20 ° C. And primary drying under reduced pressure at about 0-10 ° C., followed by secondary drying under reduced pressure at about 15-25 ° C. and lyophilization. In general, the inside of the vial is replaced with nitrogen gas and stoppered to obtain a lyophilized preparation of the composition of the present invention.
- the freeze-dried preparation of the composition of the present invention can be used by re-dissolving generally by adding any appropriate solution (re-dissolving solution).
- re-dissolving solution examples include water for injection, physiological saline, and other general infusion solutions.
- the amount of the redissolved solution varies depending on the use and the like and is not particularly limited. However, an amount of 0.5 to 2 times the amount of the solution before lyophilization or 500 mL or less is appropriate.
- the dose when administering the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was considered in consideration of the type of microparticles of the present invention, dosage form, patient condition such as age and weight, administration route, nature and degree of disease.
- the amount of the active ingredient of the microparticles of the present invention for adults is generally in the range of 0.1 mg to 20 g / human, preferably in the range of 1 mg to 1 g per day. It is. This numerical value may vary depending on the type of active ingredient, the type of target disease, dosage form, and target molecule. Therefore, in some cases, a lower dose may be sufficient, and conversely, a higher dose may be required.
- microparticles containing bovine lactoferrin or human lactoferrin as an active ingredient are orally administered to an adult with a body weight of 60 kg, they may be administered 1 to 4 times daily, preferably 1 or 2 times. 0.1 to 500 mg, preferably 1 to 300 mg.
- the microparticles of the present invention exhibit excellent enteric properties.
- components that are absorbed from the intestine such as lactoferrin, are more effective when delivered to the intestine without being destroyed by gastric acid. Therefore, the microparticles of the present invention are useful for the preparation of a medicament containing as an active ingredient a substance that acts in the intestine or a substance that acts by being absorbed in the intestine.
- microparticles of the present invention can be used as raw materials or additives for supplements, cosmetics, foods and feeds in addition to pharmaceuticals.
- the particles may be directly mixed with other materials, or may be mixed after heat sterilization.
- microparticles containing bovine lactoferrin as an active ingredient are used as pharmaceuticals, supplements or food ingredients, antibacterial, antiviral, immune enhancement, infection prevention, anticancer, blood pressure regulation, opioid-like action, insomnia improvement, anxiety Effects such as cognitive symptom improvement, memory impairment improvement, lipid metabolism improvement, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, iron absorption promotion, dry eye improvement, analgesia.
- supplement forms include vulcanizing agents, tablets, capsules, patches, powders, liquids and the like.
- cosmetics include sprays, creams, powders, packs, patches, emulsions, lotions, soaps, shampoos, body shampoos, toothpastes, detergents, and the like.
- Examples of foods include pudding, jelly, konjac jelly, cream, cream potion, butter, fats and oils, spices, liquid food, nutritional solid food, soft drink, alcoholic beverage, sports drink, mineral water, drinking water, nutritional drink, milk drink , Infant formula, infant formula, creamed powder, fermented milk, fruit juice drink, vegetable juice, carbonated drink, yogurt, mayonnaise, dressing, tomato ketchup, seasoning, vinegar, sauce, soy sauce, mirin, mirin-style seasoning , Ice cream, ice cream mix, soft cream mix, whipped cream, ice confectionery, shaved ice, shaved ice syrup, gelato, frozen yogurt, caramel, candy, gummy, biscuit, rice cracker, rice cake, bread, bread mix powder, cake, donut, waffle
- Example 1 (Active ingredient is a solution and spraying process before mixing) Chitosan (manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 1% acetic acid to prepare 667 g of 1.5% chitosan. To this solution, 333 ml of 10% bovine lactoferrin (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to prepare a spray stock solution. Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (Tsukuno Food Industry) to adjust the pH to 6, and another 667 g of spray stock solution having a final phytic acid concentration of 6% was prepared.
- bovine lactoferrin manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.
- RJ10-TLM1 nozzle was attached to NL-6 manufactured by Okawara Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower by separate liquid feeding.
- the air flow was 87 m 3 / h
- the nozzle atomized air amount was 9 m 3 / h
- the inlet temperature was 200 ° C.
- About 5 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient was obtained.
- Example 2 (Active component is solution and spraying process before mixing) Chitosan (manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 1% acetic acid to prepare 667 g of 0.15% chitosan. To this solution, 333 ml of 1% bovine lactoferrin (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to prepare a spray stock solution. Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (Tsukino Food Industry) to adjust the pH to 6, and another 667 g of spray stock solution having a final phytic acid concentration of 0.6% was prepared. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 to obtain about 1 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient.
- Example 3 (Active component is solution and spraying process before mixing) 10 g sodium alginate (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, model number 31130-95) was dissolved in 500 ml of water. To this solution was added 500 ml of 4.6% bovine lactoferrin to prepare a spray stock solution. Prepared as another spray stock solution of 1000 ml of 2.5% calcium lactate solution. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 to obtain about 5 g of a dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient.
- Example 4 (Active ingredient is solution and mixing process after spraying) Chitosan (manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 1% acetic acid to prepare 50 ml of 1.5% chitosan. To this solution, 25 ml of 1% bovine lactoferrin (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to prepare a spray stock solution. Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (Tsukino Food Industry) to adjust the pH to 6, and 75 g of another spray stock solution having a final phytic acid concentration of 6% was prepared.
- a three-fluid nozzle was mounted on Nippon Büch B-290, and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower by separate liquid feeding. Spraying was performed under the condition of an inlet temperature of 150 ° C. 1 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient was obtained.
- Example 5 (Active ingredient is a solution and mixing process after spraying) 8 g sodium alginate (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, model number 31130-95) was dissolved in 400 ml of water. To this solution, 400 ml of 1.7% bovine lactoferrin was added to prepare a spray stock solution. Prepared as another spray stock solution of 800 ml of 2.5% calcium lactate solution. A four-fluid straight edge nozzle SE4003 was mounted on MDL-050M manufactured by Fujisaki Electric Co., Ltd., and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower at a speed of 15 ml / min by separate liquid feeding.
- Spray drying was performed at an inlet temperature of 200 ° C., an intake air flow rate of 1 m 3 / min, and nozzle air of 45 NL / min. About 10 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient was obtained.
- Example 6 Active ingredient is solution and mixing process after spraying
- 8 g sodium alginate manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, model number 31130-95
- 500 g of phytic acid final concentration 6% and 100 ml of 10% bovine lactoelin were dissolved to prepare about 1000 ml of spray-dried stock solution.
- 1000 ml of another spray stock solution of 2.5% calcium lactate solution and 1.5% chitosan was prepared.
- a four-fluid straight edge nozzle SE4003 was mounted on MDL-050M manufactured by Fujisaki Electric Co., Ltd., and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower at a speed of 15 ml / min by separate liquid feeding.
- the other conditions were the same as in Example 4 to obtain about 10 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient.
- Example 7 (Active ingredient is a solution and mixing process after spraying) About 6 L of spray-dried stock solution was prepared by adding 2 L of 10% bovine lactoferrin to 4 L of 5% chitosan solution. 4 L of 4% phytic acid was prepared. A four-fluid straight edge nozzle SE4003 was mounted on MDL-050M manufactured by Fujisaki Electric Co., Ltd., and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower at a speed of 15 ml / min by separate liquid feeding. Other conditions were the same as in Example 4 to obtain about 500 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient.
- Example 8 200 g of dried fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient produced by the same method as in Example 6, 456 g of lactose, 160 g of crystalline cellulose (trade name: Avicel), 16 g of carboxymethylcellulose calcium salt, sucrose fatty acid ester 8 g was added, and the resulting mixture was pulverized with a mixer to obtain a powder passing through 100 mesh. The mixed powder was compressed with a tableting machine to produce tablets.
- Example 9 50 g of water and 50 g of ethanol were added to 200 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient produced by the same method as in Example 6, kneaded with a dairy beak, and then transferred to a cooking stainless steel pestle. The resulting particles were air-dried to produce about 150 g of granules.
- Example 10 200 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient and 1 kg of milk whey concentrated powder produced by the same method as in Example 6 were mixed to produce 1.2 kg of whey protein-based muscle-enhancing nutritional supplement. .
- Example 11 Active ingredient is a solution and mixing process after spraying
- Buta pepsin Sigma Aldrich
- bovine lactoferrin manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry
- 50 ml of 1.5% chitosan manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- 1% acetic acid was added to prepare a spray stock solution.
- Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (Tsukino Food Industry) to adjust the pH to 6, and 75 g of another spray stock solution having a final phytic acid concentration of 6% was prepared.
- a three-fluid nozzle was mounted on Nippon Büch B-290, and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower by separate liquid feeding. Spraying was performed under the condition of an inlet temperature of 150 ° C. About 1 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin degrading peptide as a physiologically active ingredient was obtained.
- Example 12 Active ingredient is solution and mixing process after spraying
- a spray stock solution was prepared by adding 50 ml of 1.5% chitosan (manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) dissolved in 1% acetic acid to 25 ml of 1% recombinant human lactoferrin (manufactured by Ventria, USA).
- Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (Tsukino Food Industry) to adjust the pH to 6, and 75 g of another spray stock solution having a final phytic acid concentration of 6% was prepared.
- a three-fluid nozzle was mounted on Nippon Büch B-290, and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower by separate liquid feeding. Spraying was performed under the condition of an inlet temperature of 150 ° C. About 1 g of dry fine powder containing recombinant human lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient was obtained.
- Example 13 Active ingredient is solution and mixing process after spraying
- a spray stock solution was prepared by adding 50 ml of 1.5% chitosan (manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) dissolved in 1% acetic acid to 25 ml of 1% human insulin (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich).
- Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (Tsukino Food Industry) to adjust the pH to 6, and 75 g of another spray stock solution having a final phytic acid concentration of 6% was prepared.
- a three-fluid nozzle was mounted on Nippon Büch B-290, and these two solutions were introduced into the spray tower by separate liquid feeding. Spraying was performed under the condition of an inlet temperature of 150 ° C. About 1 g of dry fine powder containing human insulin as a physiologically active ingredient was obtained.
- the elution property was examined using the microparticles of Example 4 and the macroparticles produced in Test Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. In the conventional macroparticles produced in Test Example 1, more than half of the insulin was already eluted in the stomach mimetic solution, and hardly in the subsequent intestinal mimetic solution. That is, the release of insulin encapsulated under acidic conditions equivalent to gastric juice has not been sufficiently suppressed. On the other hand, in the microparticles of Example 4 of the present invention, the encapsulated lactoferrin is hardly eluted in the stomach mimic liquid, but can be imitated in the subsequent intestine, and is almost eluted.
- the conventional macroparticles and the microparticles of the present invention showed completely different elution characteristics. It was found that the stability in the stomach was higher with the microparticles of the present invention. In addition, the microparticles or foods of Examples 1 to 14 were analyzed, and almost the same results were obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of the dissolution test of microparticles of Example 4 and Test Example 1.
- the horizontal axis indicates the elution time (min)
- the vertical axis indicates the elution rate (%)
- the broken line indicates the elution of the microparticles of the present invention
- the solid line indicates the elution of the macro particles by the conventional method.
- Test Example 3 The particle size distribution of the microparticles of Example 4 and the macroparticles produced in Test Example 1 were examined by laser diffraction / scattered particle size distribution measurement. The results are shown in FIGS.
- the horizontal axis represents the particle size ( ⁇ m)
- the vertical axis represents the frequency (%)
- the black line represents the particle size distribution of the microparticles of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis represents the particle size ( ⁇ m)
- the vertical axis represents the frequency (%)
- the black line represents the particle size distribution of the macro particles produced by the conventional method.
- the average particle size of the micro particle of the present invention is 8 ⁇ m, and the particle size of the largest particle is 100 ⁇ m or less, whereas the average particle size of the macro particle according to the conventional method is the largest particle size of several hundred ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the particles was at least 1000 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter means a particle diameter at an integrated value of 50% by the equivalent sphere diameter in the laser diffraction / scattered particle diameter distribution measurement method.
- Test Example 4 It was investigated whether the stability of the physiologically active substance in the body after administration of the particles to animals, the absorption into the body, and the delivery into the body (delivery) were improved.
- Control lactoferrin dissolved or suspended in 100 mM HCl or the microparticles produced in Example 6 were administered to a 10-week-old fasted rat F344 using a stomach tube so as to correspond to 50 mg lactoferrin per kg body weight of the rat. After 30 minutes, the contents of the small intestine were collected. The collected contents of the small intestine were diluted 2-fold with a sample buffer for SDS-PAGE, and the supernatant was denatured by heating and subjected to SDS-PAGE.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of electrophoresis.
- Lane 1 was electrophoresed with microfertized lactoferrin
- Lane 2 was electrophoresed with the contents of the small intestine of a rat administered with control lactoferrin.
- the number indicates the size of the molecular weight marker
- the arrow indicates the migration position of unresolved lactoferrin.
- lactoferrin that was not degraded in the small intestine was observed only when the microparticles were administered. It has been found that the microparticles improve the in vivo stability, absorption, and delivery of the physiologically active substance after administration to animals.
- Example 14 active ingredient is suspension and mixing process before spraying
- Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (manufactured by Chikuno Food Industry Co., Ltd.) to adjust the pH to 6, and diluted with water to prepare 100 ml of a 12% phytic acid solution.
- 100 ml of 100% ethanol manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a solution was prepared by dissolving bovine lactoferrin in 1000 ml of 125 mM NaCl to a final concentration of 1%. To this solution, 1000 ml of ethanol was added all at once and stirred vigorously to prepare a lactoferrin suspension.
- the suspension was centrifuged at 6000 g, the precipitate was collected, and resuspended in the stock solution 1 previously added to prepare a spray stock solution.
- Chitosan manufactured by Yaizu Suisan Chemical Co., Ltd.
- acetic acid 1% acetic acid
- RJ10-TLM1 nozzle was mounted on NL-6 manufactured by Okawara Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., and these two spray stock solutions were introduced into the spray tower by separate liquid feeding.
- the suspension was stirred with a magnetic stirrer so that no precipitate formed during spraying.
- the air flow was 84 m 3 / hour, the nozzle atomized air amount was 8 m 3 / h, and the inlet temperature was 200 ° C.
- Example 15 active ingredient is suspension and mixing process after spraying
- Sodium hydroxide was added to a 50% phytic acid solution (manufactured by Chikuno Food Industry Co., Ltd.) to adjust the pH to 6, and diluted with water to prepare 100 ml of a 12% phytic acid solution.
- 100 ml of 100% ethanol manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a solution was prepared by dissolving bovine lactoferrin in 1000 ml of 125 mM NaCl to a final concentration of 1%. To this solution, 1000 ml of ethanol was added all at once and stirred vigorously to prepare a lactoferrin suspension.
- Spray drying was performed at an inlet temperature of 150 ° C., an intake air volume of 1 m 3 / min, and nozzle air of 45 NL / min.
- the suspension was stirred with a magnetic stirrer so that no precipitate formed during spraying.
- About 12 g of dry fine powder containing bovine lactoferrin as a physiologically active ingredient was obtained.
- Example 5 The particle size distribution of the microparticles obtained in Example 15 was examined by a laser diffraction / scattered particle size distribution measurement method. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents the particle size ( ⁇ m), the vertical axis represents the frequency (%), and the black line represents the particle size distribution.
- the average particle size of the microparticles of Example 15 was 60 ⁇ m.
- the particle diameter of the microparticles of Example 15 is larger than the average particle diameter (8 ⁇ m) of the microparticles prepared in Example 4 and analyzed in Test Example 3, but the average particle diameter is 48 ⁇ m, which is 100 ⁇ m or less, and is 100 ⁇ m or less. The particles accounted for 89% of the total particles.
- Example 15 most of the particles obtained in Example 15 had a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the microparticles of Example 14 were also analyzed, and almost equivalent results were obtained.
- the average particle diameter means the particle diameter at an integrated value of 50% based on the equivalent sphere diameter in the laser diffraction / scattering particle diameter distribution measurement method.
- microparticles having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less can be produced easily and inexpensively.
- the pharmaceutical, feed, or foodstuff which has the property which has not existed until now can be manufactured using the microparticles with an average particle diameter of 100 micrometers or less manufactured by the said method.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A、及びマトリックス形成成分Aに結合可能なマトリックス形成成分Bを同時に噴霧する工程、及び
前記成分A及びBが結合して形成されたポリマー構造中に前記有効成分が担持されたマイクロ微粒子を回収する工程、
を含む、直径100μm以下のマイクロ微粒子の製造方法。
[2]
前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Aが第1の溶液に含まれ、前記マトリックス形成成分Bが第2の溶液に含まれる、前記[1]に記載の方法。
[3]
前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Bが第1の溶液に含まれ、前記マトリックス形成成分Aが第2の溶液に含まれる、前記[1]に記載の方法。
[4]
前記有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bがそれぞれ第1~第3の溶液に含まれる、前記[1]に記載の方法。
[5]
前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Aが第1の溶液に含まれ、前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Bが第2の溶液に含まれる、前記[1]に記載の方法。
[6]
各溶液がそれぞれ個別のノズルから噴霧される、前記[2]~[5]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[7]
前記有効成分がタンパク質又はペプチドである、前記[1]~[6]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[8]
前記有効成分は以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、前記[1]~[6]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
ウシラクトフェリン、ヒトラクトフェリン、組換え型ウシラクトフェリン、組換え型ヒトラクトフェリン、ラクトパーオキシダーゼ、リゾチーム、リボヌクレアーゼ、TGFβ、アンジオジェニン、インターフェロン類、インターロイキン類、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子、エリスロポエチン、ラクトフェリシン、インシュリン、インスリンアナログ、インスリン誘導体、GLP−1、GLP−1アナログ、GLP−1誘導体、グルカゴン黄体形成ホルモン放出ホルモン、リュープロレリン、カルシトニン、バソプレシン又はそれらの活性断片
[9]
前記マトリックス形成成分Aはカチオン性解離基を持つ化合物を含む、前記[1]~[8]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[10]
前記マトリックス形成成分Bはアニオン性解離基を持つ化合物を含む、前記[2]~[9]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[11]
前記マトリックス形成成分Aは以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、前記[1]~[10]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
キトサン、キトサンオリゴ糖、ポリリジン、ポリアルギニン、スペルミジン、プトレシン、リジン、アルギニン、塩化カルシウム及び乳酸カルシウム
[12]
前記マトリックス形成成分Aの成分が、ナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩又はカルシウム塩の形態にある、前記[11]に記載の方法。
[13]
前記マトリックス形成成分Bは以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、前記[1]~[12]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
イノシトール−6−リン酸、クエン酸、アルギン酸、低分子アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸、ペクチン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カラギーナン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、デオキシリボ核酸、オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド、デオキシヌクレオチド、ピロリン酸、トリポリリン酸、メタリン酸及びポリアスパラギン酸、ポリ乳酸、ポリグルタミン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、コハク酸
[14]
前記マトリックス形成成分Bの成分が、ナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩又はカルシウム塩の形態にある、前記[13]に記載の方法。
[15]
前記[1]~[14]のいずれか一つに記載の方法により製造された、平均粒径が100μm以下のマイクロ微粒子。
[16]
前記[15]に記載のマイクロ微粒子を含む医薬、飼料又は食品。
[17]
形成されたマイクロ微粒子を乾燥させる工程をさらに含む、前記[1]に記載の方法。
[18]
前記乾燥工程は、−197℃~+250℃、0~大気圧の条件で行われる、前記[17]に記載の方法。
なお、本明細書において引用した全ての文献、および公開公報、特許公報その他の特許文献は、参照として本明細書に組み込むものとする。また、本明細書は、2013年8月21日に出願された本願優先権主張の基礎となる日本国特許出願(特願2013−171688号)の明細書及び図面に記載の内容を包含する。
本発明者らは、有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A、及びマトリックス形成成分Aに結合可能なマトリックス形成成分Bを同時に噴霧させると、平均粒径が100μm以下の極めて微小なマイクロ微粒子が形成されることを見出した。
そこで、本発明は、
有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A、及びマトリックス形成成分Aに結合可能なマトリックス形成成分Bを同時に噴霧する工程、及び
前記成分A及びBが結合して形成されたポリマー構造中に前記有効成分が担持されたマイクロ微粒子を回収する工程、
を含む、直径100μm以下のマイクロ微粒子の製造方法(以下、「本発明の方法」という)を提供する。
有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bが溶液に含まれる例としては以下のケースが挙げられる。
(1)有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Aが第1の溶液に含まれ、マトリックス形成成分Bが第2の溶液に含まれる場合
(2)有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Bが第1の溶液に含まれ、マトリックス形成成分Aが第2の溶液に含まれる場合
(3)有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bがそれぞれ第1~第3の溶液に含まれる場合
(4)有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Aが第1の溶液に含まれ、有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Bが第2の溶液に含まれる場合
ここで、「同時に噴霧する」とは、必ずしも物理的に同時である必要はなく、有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bを含む混合物の噴霧が形成される限り、多少のタイムラグが生じても構わない。
すなわち、「同時に噴霧する」工程には、
(i)有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bが噴霧器のノズルから排出された後に混合される態様(以下、「噴霧後混合プロセス」という)、
および
(ii)噴霧の前に有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bを混合し、得られた混合物を直ちに噴霧する態様(以下、「混合後噴霧プロセス」という)
が存在する。
噴霧後混合プロセスの例として、上記(1)~(4)のケースに基づいて以下に説明するが、これに限定されるものではない。第1の溶液の噴霧が空気中に滞留している間に、第2の溶液(及び第3の溶液)を噴霧し、両溶液(又はすべての溶液)が空中で噴霧として接触することができれば、それは「同時に噴霧する」という条件を満足する。
ここで、「接触」は、必ずしも噴霧の全てが接触しあう必要はない。したがって、噴霧の一部が接触することができれば、本発明にいう「接触」は達成されたものと言える。一部が接触するだけでも本発明のマイクロ微粒子が形成され得るからである。
また、「空中で」とは、噴霧の液滴が噴射力によって上昇又は下降している状態及び重力によって自由落下している状態にあることを意味する。すなわち、噴霧の液滴が容器や床などによってその重量を支えられていない状態を意味する。
なお、噴霧後混合プロセスにおいては、各成分は噴霧の液滴に含まれた状態で混合されるが、当該混合は各溶液の噴霧が接触することにより瞬時に達成される。
接触により有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bが混合され、瞬時にマトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bが相互に反応して架橋が形成される。この架橋構造に有効成分が保持されることによって本発明のマイクロ微粒子が形成される。すなわち、本発明のマイクロ微粒子は、有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bが接触しさえすれば、瞬時に形成される。
混合後噴霧プロセスでは、噴霧前に有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bが混合されるため、噴霧時にはすでにマトリックス形成成分Aとマトリックス形成成分Bとが結合反応を開始している可能性がある。
しかしながら、混合から噴霧までの時間が十分に短ければ、成分AとBとの結合反応が完結していない段階で混合物が噴霧されることになり、結合反応が完結するのは噴霧後となる。
このように、混合から噴霧までの時間が十分に短ければ、混合後噴霧プロセスであっても本発明のマイクロ微粒子を形成することができる。
従って、混合後噴霧プロセスにおいても、前記成分A及びBが結合して形成されたポリマー構造中に前記有効成分が担持されたマイクロ微粒子が形成される限り、「同時に噴霧する」という条件を満足する。
混合から噴霧までの時間は、100ms以下、90ms以下、80ms以下、70ms以下、60ms以下、50ms以下、40ms以下、30ms以下、20ms以下、10ms以下、5ms以下である。
また、本発明のマイクロ微粒子は、マトリックス形成成分A及びBが反応して形成されたマトリックス構造内に有効成分が担持されることを特徴とする。
また、上記(1)~(4)のいずれのケースにおいても、各溶液はそれぞれが個別のノズルから噴霧されることが望ましい。
好ましくは、各溶液は、近接して配置された複数のノズルを有する噴霧器によって同時に噴霧される。これによって、各溶液は噴霧の状態で互いに接触する。
近接して配置された複数のノズルを有する噴霧器の例としては、3流体噴霧口を備えた噴霧乾燥機(Buchi社製のB290装置に型番46555のノズルを装着した装置)が挙げられる。この噴霧乾燥器は、圧縮気体に加え2種類の液体の噴霧口を有する。
また、特許第2797080号(6頁、5−47行)に記載される4流体噴霧口(例えば、図3、4、及び5)を用いることもできる。この4流体噴霧口は、2種類の液体を2口のノズルから噴霧し、残り2口からは気体を噴出することができる。
さらに、特開2003−117442号(5頁19−8頁47行)には、2種類の溶液のジェットを45~150°の衝突角度で対向衝突させる接触方法があり記載されており(図1及び2)、この方法によっても本発明の「接触」を達成することができる。
本発明における「同時に噴霧する」を達成することのできる噴霧器の例としては、日本ビュッヒ社の型番46555のノズルを装着したB−290のほか、3流体及び4流体ノズルを装着したMDL−050B及び050C(藤崎電機社)、ツインジェットノズルRJ10TLM1を装着したNL−5(大川原化工機社)、ツインジェットノズルRJ−10を装着したRL−5(大川原化工機社)等などが挙げられる。
特にNL−5(大川原化工機社)及びRL−5(大川原化工機社)を用いれば、混合後噴霧プロセスを容易に実施することができる。
乾燥処理は、噴霧と同時又は並行して行っていてもよい。すなわち、乾燥処理を噴霧と同時又は並行して行う場合、マイクロ微粒子を乾燥させる条件下で噴霧工程が行われる。例えば、先に挙げた噴霧器を用いれば、噴霧と同時に乾燥処理を行うことができる。
乾燥処理の条件としては、−197℃~+250℃が適宜選択される。ある実施態様では、噴霧乾燥機の入口温度が100−300℃、好ましくは120−250℃、より好ましくは150−220℃に調節される。出口温度は30℃以上、好ましくは40℃以上、より好ましくは45℃以上に調節される。このとき、気圧は、0~1atmに調整される。通常大気圧条件下(1atm)で噴霧乾燥されるが、減圧噴霧乾燥では真空ポンプにより減圧した条件下で噴霧乾燥されるからである。
冷却工程の条件としては、噴霧冷却においては温度が30−70℃、噴霧凍結乾燥では液体窒素や冷却装置、あるいは水の蒸発による自己凍結現象により−196~0℃の温度で冷却又は凍結される。気圧は、0~1atmに調整される。気圧は噴霧冷却では大気圧(1atm)が、噴霧凍結乾燥では真空から大気圧が用いられるからである。
本発明の方法に使用される有効成分は、生理活性を有する化合物であれば特に限定されないが、好ましくはタンパク質又はペプチドである。
本発明の方法に使用されるペプチドの例としては、ウシラクトフェリン、ヒトラクトフェリン、組換え型ウシラクトフェリン、組換え型ヒトラクトフェリン、ラクトパーオキシダーゼ、リゾチーム、リボヌクレアーゼ、TGFβ、アンジオジェニン、インターフェロン類、インターロイキン類、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子、エリスロポエチン、ラクトフェリシン、インシュリン、インスリンアナログ、インスリン誘導体、GLP−1、GLP−1アナログ、GLP−1誘導体、グルカゴン黄体形成ホルモン放出ホルモン、リュープロレリン、カルシトニン、バソプレシン又はそれらの活性断片が挙げられる。
また、有効成分は複数種類の活性物質を含む組成物であってもよい。
このような化合物の例としては、乳酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、キトサン、低分子キトサン、キトサンオリゴ糖、ポリリジン、ポリアルギニン、スペルミン、スペルミジン、プトレッシン、リジン及びアルギニンが挙げられる。
また、これらの化合物は、それぞれナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩又はカルシウム塩の形態にあってもよい。
このような化合物の例としては、イノシトール−6−リン酸、クエン酸、アルギン酸、低分子アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸、ペクチン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カラギーナン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、デオキシリボ核酸、オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド、デオキシヌクレオチド、ピロリン酸、トリポリリン酸、メタリン酸及びポリアスパラギン酸、ポリ乳酸、ポリグルタミン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、コハク酸が挙げられる。
また、これらの化合物は、それぞれナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩又はカルシウム塩の形態にあってもよい。
以下にマトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bの組み合わせを例示するが、これに限定されるものではない。
マトリックス形成成分Aの成分としてキトサンが含まれる場合、マトリックス形成成分Bは分子内にアニオン性解離基を持つ化合物を成分として含むものであり、更に好ましくは、マトリックス形成成分Bは、イノシトール6リン酸、クエン酸、アルギン酸、低分子アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸、ペクチン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カラギーナン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、デオキシリボ核酸、オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド、デオキシヌクレオチド、ピロリン酸、トリポリリン酸、メタリン酸、ポリアスパラギン酸、ポリ乳酸、ポリグルタミン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、コハク酸並びにこれらの化合物のナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩及びカルシウム塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上を成分として含む。
あるいは、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bが、1成分と複数成分の組み合わせにあってもよい。このような組み合わせとしては、例えば、マトリックス形成成分Aがキトサンを成分として含み、マトリックス形成成分Bがアルギン酸ナトリウム、イノシトール6リン酸及びオリゴデオキシヌクレオチドを含むようなケースが挙げられる。
本発明のマイクロ微粒子は、少なくとも有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bを含み、その平均粒径が100μm以下、90μm以下、80μm以下、70μm以下、60μm以下、50μm以下、40μm以下、30μm以下、20μm以下、10μm以下であることを特徴とする。
有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bについては、すでに述べたとおりである。また、有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bに加え、添加剤を含んでいてもよい。添加剤についてもすでに述べたとおりである。
例えば、本発明のマイクロ微粒子は医薬として用いることもでき、あるいは、食品添加物又は飼料添加物として使用することもできる。
本発明の医薬組成物の投与形態は、医薬的に許容可能な投与形態であれば特に制限されず、治療方法に応じて選択することができるが、経口、舌下、経鼻、経肺、経消化管、経皮、点眼、静脈内注射、皮下注射、筋肉内注射、腹腔内注射、局所注射、外科的移植等が好ましく、特に経口投与が好ましい。
例えば、ウシラクトフェリンを有効成分とするマイクロ微粒子を医薬、サプリメント又は食品原料として用いた場合、抗菌、抗ウイルス、免疫増強、感染予防、抗がん、血圧調節、オピオイド様作用、不眠改善、抗不安、認知症状改善、記憶障害改善、脂質代謝改善、抗酸化、アンチエイジング、抗炎症、鉄吸収促進、ドライアイ改善、鎮痛などの効能が得られる。飼料として用いた場合、前述の医薬、サプリメント、食品原料の効能に加え、成長促進、発育促進、歩留り改善、肉質改善、呈味改善、風味改善、色調改善の効能が得られる。
サプリメントの形態の例としては、加硫剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、貼付剤、パウダー、液剤などが挙げられる。
化粧品の例として、スプレー剤、クリーム剤、パウダー剤、パック剤、貼付剤、乳液、化粧水、石鹸、シャンプー、ボディーシャンプー、歯磨き剤、洗浄剤などが挙げられる。
食品の例として、プリン、ゼリー、こんにゃくゼリー、クリーム、クリームポーション、バター、油脂、香辛料、流動食、栄養固形食、清涼飲料、アルコール飲料、スポーツ飲料、ミネラルウォーター、飲料水、栄養ドリンク、乳飲料、育児用調製乳、育児用調製粉乳、クリーミングパウダー、発酵乳、果汁飲料、野菜ジュース、炭酸飲料、ヨーグルト、マヨネーズ、ドレッシング、トマトケチャップ、調味料、酢、ソース、醤油、みりん、みりん風調味料、アイスクリーム、アイスクリームミックス、ソフトクリームミックス、ホイップクリーム、氷菓、かき氷、かき氷シロップ、ジェラート、フローズンヨーグルト、キャラメル、キャンディー、グミ、ビスケット、煎餅、餅、パン、パンミックス粉、ケーキ、ドーナツ、ワッフル、ベーグル、ポテトチップス、チョコレート、缶詰、瓶詰、練り製品、加工肉、ソーセージ、魚肉ソーセージ、練り製品、ハム、ジャム、ピーナツバター、豆腐、味噌、こんにゃく、こんにゃく麺、人工米、寒天、乾麺、生麺、半生麺、インスタントラーメン、インスタントスープ、レトルト食品、ゲル化剤、嚥下障害者用増粘剤、嚥下障害者用食品、ベビーフード、インスタントコーヒー、ティーパック紅茶、ティーパック緑茶、炊飯添加剤、冷凍食品、サンドイッチ、弁当、おにぎり、ふりかけ、漬物、納豆、またはマーガリンなどが挙げられる。
飼料の例として、愛玩動物用飼料、家畜用飼料、競争馬用飼料、魚用飼料、昆虫飼料、爬虫類飼料、両生類飼料、実験動物用飼料、動物園用飼料、または鳥類用飼料などが挙げられる。
キトサン(甲陽ケミカル社製)を1%酢酸に溶解し、1.5%キトサン667gを用意した。この溶液に10%ウシラクトフェリン(森永乳業社製)を333ml加え、噴霧原液を調製した。50%フィチン酸溶液(築野食品工業)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、pH6に調整し、フィチン酸最終濃度6%の別の噴霧原液667gを用意した。大川原化工機株式会社製NL−6にRJ10−TLM1ノズルを装着し、これら2つの溶液を、別々の送液により噴霧塔内へ導入した。送風量は87m3/h、ノズル微粒化エアー量 9m3/h、入口温度200℃にて運転した。ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末約5gを得た。
キトサン(甲陽ケミカル社製)を1%酢酸に溶解し、0.15%キトサン667gを用意した。この溶液に1%ウシラクトフェリン(森永乳業社製)333mlを加え、噴霧原液を調製した。50%フィチン酸溶液(築野食品工業)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、pH6に調整し、フィチン酸最終濃度0.6%の別の噴霧原液667gを用意した。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に行い、ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末約1gを得た。
10gアルギン酸ナトリウム(ナカライテスク社製 型番31130−95)を水500mlに溶解した。この溶液に4.6%ウシラクトフェリン500mlを加え、噴霧原液を調製した。2.5%乳酸カルシウム溶液1000mlの別の噴霧原液として用意した。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に行い、ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む乾燥微粉末約5gを得た。
キトサン(甲陽ケミカル社製)を1%酢酸に溶解し、1.5%キトサン50mlを用意した。この溶液に1%ウシラクトフェリン(森永乳業社製)25mlを加え、噴霧原液を調製した。50%フィチン酸溶液(築野食品工業)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、pH6に調整し、フィチン酸最終濃度6%の別の噴霧原液75gを用意した。日本ビュッヒ社製B−290に3流体ノズルを装着し、これら2つの溶液を別々の送液により噴霧塔内へ導入した。入り口温度150℃の条件下で、噴霧を行った。ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む乾燥微粉末1gを得た。
8gアルギン酸ナトリウム(ナカライテスク社製 型番31130−95)を水400mlに溶解した。この溶液に1.7%ウシラクトフェリン400mlを加え、噴霧原液を調製した。2.5%乳酸カルシウム溶液800mlの別の噴霧原液として用意した。藤崎電機社製MDL−050Mに4流体ストレートエッジノズルSE4003を装着し、これら2つの溶液を、別々の送液により15ml/分のスピードで噴霧塔内へ導入した。入口温度200℃、吸気風量1m3/分、ノズルエアー45NL/分で噴霧乾燥した。ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末約10gを得た。
8gアルギン酸ナトリウム(ナカライテスク社製 型番31130−95)を水400mlに溶解した。この溶液にフィチン酸最終濃度6%500gと、10%ウシラクトエリン100mlを溶解し噴霧乾燥原液約1000mlを調製した。2.5%乳酸カルシウム溶液及び1.5%キトサンの別の噴霧原液として1000ml用意した。藤崎電機社製MDL−050Mに4流体ストレートエッジノズルSE4003を装着し、これら2つの溶液を、別々の送液により15ml/分のスピードで噴霧塔内へ導入した。その他の条件は実施例4と同様に行い、ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末約10gを得た。
5%キトサン溶液4Lに10%ウシラクトフェリン2Lを加え、噴霧乾燥原液約6Lを調製した。4%フィチンン酸6Lを用意した。藤崎電機社製MDL−050Mに4流体ストレートエッジノズルSE4003を装着し、これら2つの溶液を、別々の送液により15ml/分のスピードで噴霧塔内へ導入した。その他の条件は実施例4と同様に行い、ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末約500gを得た。
実施例6と同様の方法により製造した、ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末200gに、乳糖456g、結晶セルロース(商品名:アビセル)160g、カルボキシメチルセルロース・カルシウム塩16g、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル8gを加え、得られた混合物をミキサーで粉砕し、100メッシュを通過する粉末とした。この混合粉末を打錠機により打錠し錠剤を製造した。
実施例6と同様の方法により製造した、ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む乾燥微粉末200gに水50g、エタノール50gを加え、乳ばちで練った後に、料理用のステンレス製ざるに移し、乳棒で押し込み、得られた粒子を空気乾燥させ、顆粒剤約150gを製造した。
実施例6と同様の方法により製造された、ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末200gと、乳ホエー濃縮粉末1kgを混合し、ホエータンパク質ベースの筋肉増強栄養剤1.2kgを製造した。
1%ウシラクトフェリン(森永乳業社製)25mlに最終濃度0.02%になるようブタペプシン(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を加え37℃で2時間加温したのち、68℃で30分加熱した。この懸濁液に1%酢酸に溶解した1.5%キトサン(甲陽ケミカル社製)50mlを添加し、噴霧原液を調製した。50%フィチン酸溶液(築野食品工業)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、pH6に調整し、フィチン酸最終濃度6%の別の噴霧原液75gを用意した。日本ビュッヒ社製B−290に3流体ノズルを装着し、これら2つの溶液を別々の送液により噴霧塔内へ導入した。入り口温度150℃の条件下で、噴霧を行った。ウシラクトフェリン分解ペプチドを生理活性成分として含む乾燥微粉末約1gを得た。
1%組み換え型ヒトラクトフェリン(米国ベントリア社製)25mlに、1%酢酸に溶解した1.5%キトサン(甲陽ケミカル社製)50mlを添加し、噴霧原液を調製した。50%フィチン酸溶液(築野食品工業)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、pH6に調整し、フィチン酸最終濃度6%の別の噴霧原液75gを用意した。日本ビュッヒ社製B−290に3流体ノズルを装着し、これら2つの溶液を別々の送液により噴霧塔内へ導入した。入り口温度150℃の条件下で、噴霧を行った。組み換え型ヒトラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む乾燥微粉末約1gを得た。
1%ヒトインシュリン(シグマアルドリッチ社製)25mlに、1%酢酸に溶解した1.5%キトサン(甲陽ケミカル社製)50mlを添加し、噴霧原液を調製した。50%フィチン酸溶液(築野食品工業)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加し、pH6に調整し、フィチン酸最終濃度6%の別の噴霧原液75gを用意した。日本ビュッヒ社製B−290に3流体ノズルを装着し、これら2つの溶液を別々の送液により噴霧塔内へ導入した。入り口温度150℃の条件下で、噴霧を行った。ヒトインシュリンを生理活性成分として含む乾燥微粉末約1gを得た。
従来法によるマクロ粒子を製造し、その性質を本発明のマイクロ微粒子と比較する為に行った。Bio−Medical Materials 21 25−36 2011に従いインシュリンを生理活性成分として含むマクロ粒子を製造した。すなわち、1%酢酸溶液に溶かした3%キトサン中に3%インシュリンを分散させ、原液1とした。原液1を0.241mmの直径の針を装着した注射器に入れ、マグネティックスターラーでゆっくりとかきまぜながら、6%フィチンン酸溶液(pH6、25℃)中に液滴を落下させた。マクロ粒子は水で洗浄したのちに、凍結乾燥を行った。
この方法はインビトロにおいて、マイクロ微粒子やマクロ粒子からの溶出性を調べる為に行う試験である。Bio−Medical Materials 21 25−36 2011に従い、胃の模倣液と腸の模倣液を調製した。すなわち、胃の模倣液は、2gの塩化ナトリウムと7mlの35%塩酸を溶かし蒸留水で1Lに調整した。腸の模倣液は、250mlの0.2MKH2PO4と118mlの0.2N NaOHを溶解し1Lに調整した(pH6.8)。評価する粒子は胃の模倣液に37℃2時間80rpmで回転させながらインキュベーションし、腸の模倣液に変更し37℃で更に2時間以上インキュベーションした。各模倣溶液中に溶出された薬剤は、0.45μmのフィルターを通したのち、逆相のHPLCにアプライし分析した。
実施例4のマイクロ微粒子と試験例1で製造したマクロ粒子の粒度分布を、レーザー回析・散乱粒子径分布測定により調べた。その結果を図2及び3に示す。
図2において、横軸は粒径(μm)、縦軸は頻度(%)、黒線は本発明のマイクロ微粒子の粒度分布を示す。
図3において、横軸は粒径(μm)、縦軸は頻度(%)、黒線は従来法により製造したマクロ粒子の粒度分布を示す。
本発明のマイクロ微粒子の平均粒径は8μmであり、最も大きな粒子の粒径で100μm以下であるのに対し、従来の方法によるマクロ粒子の平均粒径は数百μmの粒径で、最も大きな粒子の粒径は少なくとも1000μmであった。なお、ここでの平均粒径はレーザー回析・散乱粒子径分布測定法での球相当径による積算値50%での粒径を意味する。
動物に粒子を投与後の生理活性物質の体内での安定性、体内への吸収、及び体内への送達(デリバリー)が改善するかどうかを調べた。
100mM HClに溶解あるいは懸濁させた対照のラクトフェリンあるいは、実施例6で製造したマイクロ微粒子をラットの体重1kgあたり50mgラクトフェリン相当になるように、10週令絶食ラットF344に胃ゾンデを用いて投与し、30分後に小腸内容物を回収した。回収した小腸内容物は、SDS−PAGE用サンプルバッファで2倍に希釈し上清を加熱変性後に、SDS−PAGEに供した。
図4に示すようにマイクロ微粒子を投与した場合にのみ、小腸に分解していないラクトフェリンが観察された。マイクロ微粒子により動物に投与後の生理活性物質の体内での安定性、体内への吸収、及び体内への送達(デリバリー)が改善することが分かった。
50%フィチン酸溶液(筑野食品工業社製)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加しpH6に調整し、水で希釈することで12%フィチン酸溶液100mlを作成した。この溶液に100ml100%エタノール(和光純薬工業製)を混合し、原液1を作成した。1000mlの125mMNaClにウシラクトフェリンを最終濃度1%になるように溶解した溶液を作成した。この溶液に1000mlのエタノールを一気に加え、激しく攪拌し、ラクトフェリンの懸濁液を作成した。懸濁液を6000gで遠心し沈殿物を回収し、先に加えた原液1に再懸濁することで、噴霧原液を作成した。キトサン(焼津水産化学工業社製)を1%酢酸に溶解し、1.5%キトサン200mlの噴霧原液を作成した。大川原化工機株式会社製NL−6にRJ10−TLM1ノズルを装着し、これら2つの噴霧原液を別々の送液により噴霧塔内へ導入した。懸濁液はマグネティックスターラーで攪拌し、噴霧中に沈殿が形成しないようにした。送風量は84m3/時間、ノズル微粒化エアー量8m3/h、入口温度200℃にて運転した。ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末約8gを得た。
50%フィチン酸溶液(筑野食品工業社製)に水酸化ナトリウムを添加しpH6に調整し、水で希釈することで12%フィチン酸溶液100mlを作成した。この溶液に100ml100%エタノール(和光純薬工業製)を混合し、原液1を作成した。1000mlの125mMNaClにウシラクトフェリンを最終濃度1%になるように溶解した溶液を作成した。この溶液に1000mlのエタノールを一気に加え、激しく攪拌し、ラクトフェリンの懸濁液を作成した。懸濁液を6000gで遠心し沈殿物を回収し、先に加えた原液1に再懸濁することで、噴霧原液を作成した。キトサン(焼津水産化学工業社製)を1%酢酸に溶解し、1.5%キトサン200mlの噴霧原液を作成した。藤崎電機社製MDL−050Mに4流体ストレートエッジノズルSE4003を装着し、これら2つの噴霧原液を別々の送液により10ml/分のスピードで噴霧乾燥機内へ導入した。入口温度150℃、吸気風量1m3/分、ノズルエアー45NL/分で噴霧乾燥した。懸濁液はマグネティックスターラーで攪拌し、噴霧中に沈殿が形成しないようにした。ウシラクトフェリンを生理活性成分として含む、乾燥微粉末約12gを得た。
実施例15で得られたマイクロ微粒子の粒度分布をレーザー回折・散乱粒子径分布測定法により調べた。その結果を図5に示す。図5において、横軸は粒径(μm)、縦軸は頻度(%)、黒線は粒度分布を示す。実施例15のマイクロ微粒子の平均粒径は60μmであった。実施例15のマイクロ粒子の粒径は実施例4で作製し試験例3で分析したマイクロ微粒子の平均粒径(8μm)よりは大きいが、平均粒径は100μm以下の48μmであり、100μm以下の粒子が粒子全体の89%を占めていた。すなわち実施例15で得られたほとんどの粒子が100μm以下の粒径にあった。実施例14のマイクロ微粒子も分析したが、ほぼ同等の結果が得られた。なお、ここでの平均粒径はレーザー回折・散乱粒子径分布測定法での球相当径による積算値50%での粒径を意味する。
Claims (16)
- 有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A、及びマトリックス形成成分Aに結合可能なマトリックス形成成分Bを同時に噴霧する工程、及び
前記成分A及びBが結合して形成されたポリマー構造中に前記有効成分が担持されたマイクロ微粒子を回収する工程、
を含む、直径100μm以下のマイクロ微粒子の製造方法。 - 前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Aが第1の溶液に含まれ、前記マトリックス形成成分Bが第2の溶液に含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Bが第1の溶液に含まれ、前記マトリックス形成成分Aが第2の溶液に含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分、マトリックス形成成分A及びマトリックス形成成分Bがそれぞれ第1~第3の溶液に含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Aが第1の溶液に含まれ、前記有効成分及びマトリックス形成成分Bが第2の溶液に含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 各溶液がそれぞれ個別のノズルから噴霧される、請求項2~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分がタンパク質又はペプチドである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有効成分は以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法:
ウシラクトフェリン、ヒトラクトフェリン、組換え型ウシラクトフェリン、組換え型ヒトラクトフェリン、ラクトパーオキシダーゼ、リゾチーム、リボヌクレアーゼ、TGFβ、アンジオジェニン、インターフェロン類、インターロイキン類、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子、エリスロポエチン、ラクトフェリシン、インシュリン、インスリンアナログ、インスリン誘導体、GLP−1、GLP−1アナログ、GLP−1誘導体、グルカゴン黄体形成ホルモン放出ホルモン、リュープロレリン、カルシトニン、バソプレシン又はそれらの活性断片。 - 前記マトリックス形成成分Aはカチオン性解離基を持つ化合物を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックス形成成分Bはアニオン性解離基を持つ化合物を含む、請求項2~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックス形成成分Aは以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法:
キトサン、キトサンオリゴ糖、ポリリジン、ポリアルギニン、スペルミジン、プトレシン、リジン、アルギニン、塩化カルシウム及び乳酸カルシウム - 前記マトリックス形成成分Aの成分が、ナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩又はカルシウム塩の形態にある、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックス形成成分Bは以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法:
イノシトール−6−リン酸、クエン酸、アルギン酸、低分子アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸、ペクチン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カラギーナン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、デオキシリボ核酸、オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド、デオキシヌクレオチド、ピロリン酸、トリポリリン酸、メタリン酸及びポリアスパラギン酸、ポリ乳酸、ポリグルタミン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、コハク酸 - 前記マトリックス形成成分Bの成分が、ナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩又はカルシウム塩の形態にある、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造された、直径100μm以下のマイクロ微粒子。
- 請求項15に記載のマイクロ微粒子を含む医薬、飼料又は食品。
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US14/912,546 US20160206562A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2014-08-20 | Method for producing microparticles |
EP14837180.0A EP3037087A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2014-08-20 | Method for producing microparticles |
CN201480046294.XA CN105517539A (zh) | 2013-08-21 | 2014-08-20 | 微粒的制造方法 |
JP2014559033A JP5926409B2 (ja) | 2013-08-21 | 2014-08-20 | マイクロ微粒子の製造方法 |
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KR101825029B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-03-14 | 경상대학교산학협력단 | 산양유 단백질 분해물 유래 하이드로겔 나노 전달체 및 그 제조방법 |
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JP7020913B2 (ja) | 2015-09-07 | 2022-02-16 | 持田製薬株式会社 | アルギン酸凍結乾燥製剤 |
JP7367089B2 (ja) | 2015-09-07 | 2023-10-23 | 持田製薬株式会社 | アルギン酸凍結乾燥製剤 |
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US11324700B2 (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2022-05-10 | Hovione Scientia Limited | Method of production of inhalable composite particles using a three-fluid nozzle |
JP2018538126A (ja) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-12-27 | マサチューセッツ インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー | 流体の表面保持のためのシステムおよび方法 |
JP7016534B2 (ja) | 2015-10-20 | 2022-02-07 | マサチューセッツ インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー | 流体の表面保持のためのシステムおよび方法 |
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KR101825029B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-03-14 | 경상대학교산학협력단 | 산양유 단백질 분해물 유래 하이드로겔 나노 전달체 및 그 제조방법 |
US11642674B2 (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2023-05-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Articles and systems involving reaction products on surfaces and associated methods |
CN112755239A (zh) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-05-07 | 上海市肿瘤研究所 | 一种复合多孔微球及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3037087A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
CN105517539A (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
JPWO2015025979A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
EP3037087A4 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
US20160206562A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
AU2014309742B2 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
US20170348236A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
JP5926409B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
AU2014309742A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
NZ716818A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
JP6329579B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
JP2016172724A (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
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