WO2015025959A1 - 蛍光特性を示すポリペプチド、およびその利用 - Google Patents
蛍光特性を示すポリペプチド、およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015025959A1 WO2015025959A1 PCT/JP2014/072039 JP2014072039W WO2015025959A1 WO 2015025959 A1 WO2015025959 A1 WO 2015025959A1 JP 2014072039 W JP2014072039 W JP 2014072039W WO 2015025959 A1 WO2015025959 A1 WO 2015025959A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/60—Fusion polypeptide containing spectroscopic/fluorescent detection, e.g. green fluorescent protein [GFP]
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polypeptide exhibiting fluorescence characteristics and use thereof.
- Fluorescent proteins are indispensable as tools for visualizing cells, tissues, or living organisms.
- Patent Document 1 describes a fluorescent protein that emits green fluorescence.
- Various modified proteins have also been reported for fluorescent proteins that emit red fluorescence (Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Documents 1-3).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent protein that is a modified fluorescent protein derived from the common common coral (Montipora monasteriata) and exhibits useful properties when used as a fluorescent protein.
- the present invention includes one of the following aspects.
- (2) 1-34 amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted, and / or added in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2
- a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 (2) 1-34 amino acids are substituted, deleted, or inserted in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 And / or a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having an added amino acid sequence and having fluorescent properties, (3) having a sequence identity of 85% or more to the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 And (4) a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide having fluorescent properties, and (4) a polynucleotide that is complementary to the polynucleotide described in (1) above and hybridizes under stringent conditions, A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having properties.
- ⁇ 3> An expression cassette comprising: (a) an expression control region functional in an expression host; and (b) the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 2>.
- ⁇ 4> A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 2> above or the expression cassette according to ⁇ 3>.
- ⁇ 5> A transformant comprising the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 2> above, the expression cassette according to ⁇ 3>, or the vector according to ⁇ 4>.
- ⁇ 6> A fusion polypeptide comprising the polypeptide according to ⁇ 1> above and another polypeptide.
- ⁇ 7> A method for fluorescence observation, wherein the polypeptide according to ⁇ 1> or the fusion polypeptide according to ⁇ 6> is produced in a cell, and fluorescence derived from the polypeptide or the fusion polypeptide An observation step of observing.
- a method for evaluating the action of one or more test substances on the expression and / or localization of one or more target genes in a cell i) the above which may be fused with a first target gene ⁇ 2> a nucleic acid molecule comprising the polynucleotide according to 2>, wherein the first nucleic acid molecule operably linked to the expression control sequence so as to be placed under the control of the first expression control sequence
- An introduction step to be introduced ii) a culture step for culturing the cells that have undergone the introduction step in the presence and absence of the test substance, iii) a fluorescence detection step for detecting fluorescence emission in the cells, and iv) the presence of the test substance
- ⁇ 9> A method for producing a transformant containing all or part of the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 2> above in a cell, the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 2>, and the expression cassette according to ⁇ 3> Or a method comprising introducing the vector according to ⁇ 4> into a cell.
- ⁇ 10> A transformant or a progeny thereof obtained by the method according to ⁇ 9> above.
- ⁇ 11> A method for producing a non-human transgenic organism containing all or part of the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 2> in a cell, the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 2>, and the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3> A method comprising introducing the expression cassette or the vector according to ⁇ 4> into a fertilized egg collected from a donor cell.
- ⁇ 12> A non-human transgenic organism or a progeny thereof obtained by the method according to ⁇ 11> above.
- ⁇ 13> A method for producing pluripotent stem cells by collecting cells from the non-human transgenic organism according to ⁇ 12> or a progeny thereof, and introducing an initialization factor into the cells.
- the present invention provides a fluorescent polypeptide having fluorescence stability and rapid fluorescence emission when introduced into a cell.
- the fluorescent polypeptide of the present invention the fluorescent polypeptide useful in many biological fields such as molecular biology can be used.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing fluorescence characteristics of 1-29 and 1-41 proteins in Examples of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the expression and fluorescence characteristic in colon_bacillus
- FIG. 5B is a graph corresponding to FIG.
- polynucleotide can also be referred to as “nucleic acid” or “nucleic acid molecule”. “Polynucleotide”, unless otherwise stated, encompasses polynucleotides containing known analogs of naturally occurring nucleotides that can function in a manner similar to the naturally occurring nucleotides.
- base sequence can also be referred to as “nucleic acid sequence” or “nucleotide sequence”. Unless otherwise stated, “base sequence” intends a deoxyribonucleotide sequence or a ribonucleotide sequence.
- the polynucleotide may be a single strand or a double strand structure. In the case of a single strand, the polynucleotide may be a sense strand or an antisense strand.
- gene refers to a “polynucleotide” encoding a protein.
- the “expression control region” of a gene refers to a “polynucleotide” that controls the expression of the gene.
- Examples of the “expression control region” include a promoter region and an enhancer region.
- the “expression cassette” refers to an expression unit comprising an expression control region functional in an expression host and a polynucleotide operably linked to the expression control region.
- the polynucleotide is preferably a gene or a fragment of a gene.
- An example of the expression cassette is one in which the expression control region and the polynucleotide are linked by genetic engineering.
- “Operably linked” refers to a condition in which the expression of a polynucleotide is controlled by an expression control sequence.
- the expression cassette may be in the form of an expression vector.
- polypeptide can also be referred to as “protein”.
- the “polypeptide” includes a structure in which amino acids are peptide-bonded, and may further include a structure such as a sugar chain or an isoprenoid group.
- Polypeptide encompasses a polypeptide containing a known analog of a naturally occurring amino acid that can function similarly to the naturally occurring amino acid unless otherwise specified.
- fluorescent polypeptide refers to a polypeptide having fluorescent properties.
- the polypeptide having fluorescence characteristics refers to a polypeptide having a property of emitting fluorescence when irradiated with excitation light having a predetermined wavelength.
- a and / or B is a concept that includes both A and B and A or B, and can also be referred to as “at least one of A and B”.
- Polypeptide having fluorescent properties is a fluorescent polypeptide shown in any of (1) to (4) below.
- the number of amino acids substituted, deleted, inserted and / or added is preferably 1 to 25, more preferably 1 to 23, and further preferably 1 to 12. 1 to 5 or 6 is particularly preferable.
- amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, and / or additions may be collectively referred to as amino acid mutations.
- the sequence identity is preferably 88% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99 % Or more is particularly preferable.
- fluorescent polypeptide A The origin of fluorescent polypeptide A is not limited. For example, it may be chemically synthesized or produced using a gene recombination technique. More specifically, fluorescent polypeptide A includes in its category isolated and purified polypeptides, chemically synthesized polypeptides, and polypeptides produced from host cells based on genetic recombination techniques. Host cells will be described in detail in the section describing “transformants”.
- fluorescent polypeptide A is a fluorescent polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in the above (2) to (4) can be regarded as a variant when the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in (1) is used as a reference.
- the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in (2) to (4) is artificially added to the polynucleotide encoding fluorescent polypeptide A shown in (1) above by using, for example, site-specific mutagenesis. It may be obtained by expressing a mutation introduced. Examples of site-directed mutagenesis include the Kunkel method (KunkelKet al. (1985): Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 82. p488-).
- An example of the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in the above (2) to (4) is a fluorescent polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 7.
- XYG (X represents an arbitrary amino acid) is known as an amino acid sequence forming a chromophore.
- the amino acid sequence at positions 68 to 70 in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2 is MYG. Therefore, even in the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in the above (2) to (4), the 68th amino acid in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 may be substituted, but the 69th to 70th amino acid is maintained without mutation. It is more preferable that all the 68th to 70th amino acids are maintained without mutation.
- regions except the region consisting of the 69th to 70th amino acids in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 are regions suitable for introducing amino acid mutations.
- the third to eighth, 65th to 67th (preferably 67th), 71st to 73rd (preferably 72th), 77th to 82nd, 104th to 112th in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2 (Preferably 106th to 110th, more preferably 108th) 119th to 129th, 131st to 135th, 139th to 143rd, 146th to 150th (preferably 146th to 148th, more preferably 146th or 148th), 158th to 172nd (preferably 159th to 166th, more preferably 162nd to 166th, more preferably 164th), 177th to 181st (preferably 179th), 190th to 194th, 196th to 202nd (preferably 199th), 204th To 212 th, and region
- a region where a difference in the corresponding amino acid between SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 is a region that is more suitable for introducing an amino acid mutation.
- the 85th amino acid, the 151st amino acid, and the 176th amino acid in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2 are other than the above-described specific parts. It is suggested that the amino acid can be substituted.
- the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in the above (2) to (4) may exhibit the same fluorescence characteristics as the fluorescent polypeptide A represented by the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- “equivalent fluorescence property” means that the same excitation wavelength, equivalent fluorescence wavelength, equivalent pH sensitivity, and equivalent fluorescence as the fluorescent polypeptide A represented by the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- Equivalent fluorescence properties preferably refers to having fluorescence stability and rapid fluorescence emission when introduced into a cell, and equivalent quantum yield. Specifically, the fluorescence stability when introduced into a cell means that no aggregate is formed in the cell, and the quantum yield ⁇ is 0.4 or more, preferably 0.6 or more. More preferably, it means having an equivalent excitation wavelength in addition to an equivalent quantum yield. Specifically, the excitation wavelength is 550 nm to 600 nm.
- the fluorescent polypeptide A may be a monomer or a multimer.
- the fluorescent polypeptide is preferably a monomer in the case of labeling a molecule and using it as a probe for FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer).
- FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- 104 to 112 in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 preferably 106 to 110, more preferably 108
- the region consisting of the 150th and 158th to 172nd amino acids are both presumed to be particularly involved in the formation of fluorescent polypeptide A multimers. Is done.
- amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 65th to 67th (preferably 67th), 146th to 150th (preferably 148th), 158th to 172nd (preferably 159th), 177th to It is presumed that the 181st (preferably 179th) and 196th to 202nd (preferably 199th) amino acid regions are all particularly involved in the fluorescence wavelength shift. Therefore, when obtaining fluorescent polypeptide A having a shifted fluorescence wavelength, it is preferable to cause mutation in at least one of the amino acid regions.
- the amino acid mutation is more preferably an amino acid substitution.
- the fluorescence quantum yield ⁇ in an environment of pH 7.4 is, for example, 0.6 (60%) or more, preferably 0.65 (65%) or more, and more preferably. Is 0.7 (70%) or more. As shown in the Examples, this quantum yield value is significantly higher than that of the conventional red fluorescent protein. Note that the higher the quantum yield of fluorescence, the more the fluorescence intensity increases and the fluorescence generally becomes brighter, which is more suitable for use in fluorescence observation and the like. An example of fluorescent polypeptide A that exhibits such a quantum yield of fluorescence is one that emits red fluorescence.
- the quantum yield ⁇ of fluorescence under an environment of pH 7.4 is, for example, 0.40 (40%) or more, preferably 0.45 (45%) or more. Yes, more preferably 0.55 (55%) or more.
- the molar extinction coefficient (M ⁇ 1 cm ⁇ 1 ) is, for example, 70000 or more, preferably 80000 or more, and more preferably 100000 or more.
- polynucleotide encoding fluorescent polypeptide
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention encodes any one of the above fluorescent polypeptides A.
- the polynucleotide encoding fluorescent polypeptide A is the polynucleotide described in any one of (1-1) to (1-4) below.
- (1-1) A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- (1-2) A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 34 amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted and / or added in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, and having fluorescence characteristics Polynucleotide.
- the number of amino acids substituted, deleted, inserted and / or added is preferably 1 to 25, more preferably 1 to 23, and further preferably 1 to 12. 1 to 5 or 6 is particularly preferable.
- (1-3) A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having a fluorescence identity with 85% or more sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- the sequence identity is preferably 88% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99 % Or more is particularly preferable.
- (1-4) a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a polynucleotide comprising a sequence complementary to the polynucleotide according to (1-1) and encodes a polypeptide having fluorescence characteristics .
- This polynucleotide preferably has a sequence identity of 85% or more with respect to the base sequence of the polynucleotide described in (1-1) above.
- the sequence identity is preferably 88% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99%. The above is particularly preferable.
- stringent conditions include, for example, the conditions described in the reference [Molecular cloning-a Laboratory-manual 2nd edition (Sambrook et al., 1989)]. More specifically, stringent conditions include, for example, 6 ⁇ SSC (composition of 1 ⁇ SSC: 0.15 M sodium chloride, 0.015 M sodium citrate, pH 7.0), 0.5% SDS, 5 X A condition of incubating with a probe in a solution containing Denhart and 100 mg / mL herring sperm DNA at 65 ° C. for 8 to 16 hours for hybridization.
- 6 ⁇ SSC composition of 1 ⁇ SSC: 0.15 M sodium chloride, 0.015 M sodium citrate, pH 7.0
- SDS 0.5% SDS
- 5 X A condition of incubating with a probe in a solution containing Denhart and 100 mg / mL herring sperm DNA at 65 ° C. for 8 to 16 hours for hybridization.
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention may exist in the form of RNA or DNA.
- RNA is, for example, mRNA.
- DNA is, for example, cDNA or genomic DNA.
- the DNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded.
- the base sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4 and 8 to 10, which are examples of the polynucleotide according to the present invention, are cDNAs encoding the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 5 to 7, respectively.
- polypeptides having the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 19, which are other examples of the polynucleotide according to the present invention are cDNAs encoding the fluorescent polypeptide A shown in SEQ ID NOs: 16 and 18, respectively.
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention may contain an additional sequence such as an untranslated region (UTR) sequence.
- UTR untranslated region
- the method for obtaining (isolating) the polynucleotide according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a probe that specifically hybridizes with a part of the base sequence of the polynucleotide is prepared, and the genome is prepared.
- a DNA library or a cDNA library may be screened.
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention may be synthesized according to a nucleic acid synthesis method such as a phosphoramidite method.
- examples of the method for obtaining the polynucleotide according to the present invention include a method using a nucleic acid amplification method such as PCR.
- primers are prepared from 5 ′ and 3 ′ sequences (or their complementary sequences) in the cDNA of the polynucleotide, and PCR or the like is performed using genomic DNA or cDNA as a template using these primers. To amplify the DNA region sandwiched between both primers. Thereby, a large amount of DNA fragments containing the polynucleotide according to the present invention can be obtained.
- the polynucleotide (for example, DNA) according to the present invention may be inserted into an appropriate vector and used as a vector.
- the vector may be an autonomously replicating vector such as a plasmid, or it may be integrated into the host cell genome when introduced into the host cell and replicated with the host cell chromosome. Good.
- the above vector is preferably an expression vector.
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention is functionally linked to elements necessary for transcription such as a promoter sequence.
- a promoter sequence is a DNA sequence that exhibits transcriptional activity in a host cell.
- the type of promoter sequence to be used may be appropriately selected according to the type of host cell and the purpose of using the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention. Examples of host cell types include [4. Transformants and methods for producing transformants].
- Promoter sequences operable in host cells include Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase gene (Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase gene), Bacillus licheniformis ⁇ amylase gene (Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene), Bacillus amylo gene.
- liquefatiens BAN amylase gene Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BAN amylase gene
- Bacillus subtilis alkaline protease gene Bacillus Subtilis alkaline protease gene
- Bacillus pumilus xylosidase gene Bacillus pumilus xylosldase gene
- Promoter or PL promoter Escherichia coli lac promoter, trp promoter, tac promoter; polyhedrin promoter, P10 promoter, autographa calihornica polyhed Locis basic protein promoter, baculovirus immediate early gene 1 promoter, baculovirus 39K delayed early gene promoter, yeast glycolytic gene-derived promoter, alcohol dehydrogenase gene promoter, TPI1 promoter, ADH2-4c promoter, ADH3 promoter, tpiA Promoter, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, SV40 promoter, MT-1 (metallothionein gene) promote
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention may be operably linked to an appropriate terminator (eg, polyadenylation signal, mammalian growth hormone terminator, TPI1 terminator or ADH3 terminator) as required.
- an appropriate terminator eg, polyadenylation signal, mammalian growth hormone terminator, TPI1 terminator or ADH3 terminator
- Appropriate types of terminators may be selected depending on the types of host cells.
- the vector according to the present invention may further have elements such as a transcription enhancer sequence or a translation enhancer sequence.
- the vector according to the present invention may further have a DNA sequence that enables replication of the vector in a host cell.
- a DNA sequence that enables replication of the vector in a host cell.
- examples of such a DNA sequence include the SV40 origin of replication.
- the vector according to the present invention may further have a selection marker.
- selectable markers include drug resistance genes for drugs such as ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin or hygromycin.
- the expression cassette according to the present invention refers to an expression cassette comprising (a) an expression control region functional in an expression host; and (b) a polynucleotide according to the present invention.
- the expression cassette according to the present invention may be in the form of the expression vector described above.
- Transformant and method for producing transformant (Transformant and method for producing transformant)
- a transformant can be prepared by introducing the polynucleotide according to the present invention, the expression cassette according to the present invention, or the vector according to the present invention into an appropriate host cell.
- the produced transformant contains the full length of the polynucleotide according to the present invention, or at least a part of the polynucleotide, and can express any of the fluorescent polypeptides according to the present invention.
- the progeny of the transformant obtained using the transformant according to the present invention also contains the full length of the polynucleotide according to the present invention or at least a part of the polynucleotide, Any of the fluorescent polypeptides according to the invention can be expressed.
- the full length or a part of the polynucleotide according to the present invention is preferably integrated in the genome.
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention, the expression cassette according to the present invention, and the vector according to the present invention are collectively referred to as “foreign nucleic acid molecule” of the present invention.
- the method for introducing the foreign nucleic acid molecule of the present invention into the host cell may be selected according to the type of the host cell, as exemplified below. Moreover, what is necessary is just to select the method of obtaining the offspring of the transformant which concerns on this invention according to the kind of transformant.
- Examples of host cells include bacterial cells, yeast cells, fungal cells other than yeast cells, and higher eukaryotic cells.
- Examples of higher eukaryotic cells include plant cells and animal cells.
- Examples of animal cells include insect cells, amphibian cells, reptile cells, avian cells, fish cells, mammalian cells, and the like.
- Examples of bacterial cells include Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus or Streptomyces; Gram negative bacteria such as E. coli.
- Examples of yeast cells include cells belonging to Saccharomyces or Schizosaccharomyces, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces kluyveri.
- Examples of fungal cells other than yeast cells include filamentous fungal cells.
- filamentous fungal cells include, for example, filamentous fungal cells belonging to Aspergillus, Neurospora, Fusarium, or Trichoderma.
- insect cells include silkworm cells.
- mammalian cells include HEK293 cells, HeLa cells, COS cells, BHK cells, CHL cells or CHO cells.
- the transformation of the host cell may be appropriately selected according to the type of the host cell and the like, for example, protoplast method, method using competent cells, electroporation method, spheroblast method, lithium acetate method, calcium phosphate method, The lipofection method, Agrobacterium method, particle gun method and the like can be used.
- a method of transformation by obtaining a host cell in which the foreign nucleic acid molecule of the present invention is integrated into a host chromosome. Integration of the foreign nucleic acid molecule into the host chromosome can be performed, for example, by homologous recombination or heterologous recombination.
- the foreign nucleic acid molecule of the present invention and baculovirus are co-introduced into the host cells to obtain recombinant baculovirus in the culture supernatant of the host cells, and then recombinant baculoviruses.
- Examples include a method of infecting a host cell with a virus and producing the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention in the host cell.
- Examples of the co-introduction method include a calcium phosphate method and a lipofection method.
- the above-mentioned transformant is cultured or grown under conditions that allow expression of the introduced foreign nucleic acid molecule.
- the form of the transformant is not limited to cells. That is, the transformant may be, for example, a tissue, an organ, or an individual transformed with the foreign nucleic acid molecule according to the present invention. However, the transformant other than the cell may be preferably derived from non-human, and the individual is preferably derived from non-human. A transformed individual that is derived from a non-human is referred to as a non-human transgenic organism.
- the non-human transgenic organism according to the present invention is, for example, a higher organism.
- the transgenic plant include transgenic dicotyledonous plants such as Arabidopsis; monocotyledonous plants such as Brachypodium distachyon, rice, wheat and barley.
- Examples of transgenic animals include transgenic animals such as zebrafish, mice, rats, and pigs.
- the method for producing a non-human transgenic organism according to the present invention may be selected according to the type of the transgenic organism.
- a method for producing a transgenic animal includes, for example, introducing a foreign nucleic acid molecule according to the present invention into a fertilized egg collected from a donor organism in vitro according to a microinjection method or the like; Infecting cells of early-development embryos derived from donor organisms.
- the foreign nucleic acid molecule according to the present invention is introduced into a plant cell according to the Agrobacterium method; the particle gun method; the electroporation method; The transformed plant individual may be obtained through the above process.
- the method for obtaining the offspring of the non-human transgenic organism according to the present invention may be selected according to the type of the non-human transgenic organism.
- a method of obtaining offspring by mating can be mentioned.
- offspring may be obtained using asexual reproduction techniques according to the type of plant.
- the present invention includes, for example, producing a clone using the non-human transgenic organism according to the present invention.
- the produced clone contains the full length of the polynucleotide according to the present invention or at least a part of the polynucleotide in the genome in the same manner as the original non-human transgenic organism. Any of the fluorescent polypeptides can be expressed.
- the clone is a concept including both embryonic cell clones and somatic cell clones.
- Examples of the method for producing a clone include a nuclear transfer method in which a donor's cell nucleus is transplanted into a recipient, unnucleated unfertilized egg.
- the donor cell nucleus includes 1) a somatic cell nucleus of the original non-human transgenic organism, or 2) an embryonic cell nucleus derived from the original non-human transgenic organism.
- the donor cell nucleus contains the full length of the polynucleotide of the present invention or at least a part of the polynucleotide in the genome.
- the method for nuclear transfer of donor cell nuclei is not particularly limited. For example, 1) a method of cell fusion of a nucleus-removed unfertilized egg and a donor cell, and 2) a cell removed from a nucleus-removed unfertilized egg. And a method of introducing donor cells without fusion.
- Fusion polypeptide comprising the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention and another polypeptide (hereinafter referred to as the fusion polypeptide according to the present invention) is also within the scope of the present invention.
- the fusion polypeptide is, for example, a fusion protein produced by expression of the expression cassette and / or vector according to the present invention; a fusion protein in which any protein is labeled with the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention; the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention And a predetermined peptide sequence for stabilizing fluorescence; a FRET probe comprising the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention and another fluorescent polypeptide; and the like. That is, the type of other polypeptide to be fused with the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the fusion polypeptide according to the present invention may be chemically synthesized by the same method as that for the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention, or may be produced using a gene recombination technique.
- an antibody that specifically binds to the fluorescent polypeptide of the present invention is also included in the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention also includes a method for producing pluripotent stem cells from cells of the non-human transgenic organism according to the present invention.
- a method for producing a pluripotent stem cell includes introducing an initialization factor into a cell (sometimes referred to as a starting cell) collected from the non-human transgenic organism according to the present invention, or treating the cell with the initialization factor.
- a step of preparing pluripotent stem cells is included.
- the non-human transgenic organism is, for example, a non-human transgenic higher animal, particularly a non-human transgenic mammal.
- a somatic cell is preferable.
- a method for collecting cells from a non-human transgenic organism may be performed by an appropriate method according to the type of the cells.
- the type of somatic cell may be any cell other than germ cells, including somatic stem cells having differentiation ability, induced pluripotent stem cells, and somatic cells induced to differentiate from these stem cells.
- the origin of somatic cells may be derived from a mature individual in addition to those derived from a fetus (fetal) individual, for example.
- the reprogramming factor refers to a factor that causes nuclear reprogramming of the cell by being introduced into a cell collected from a non-human transgenic organism or used for processing the cell. Pluripotent stem cells are induced by cell nuclear reprogramming.
- the reprogramming factor may be a “gene”, a gene product of the “gene” (protein or RNA encoded by the gene), or “other factors” such as drugs. There may be.
- the reprogramming factor is preferably a “gene” or “protein”, more preferably a “gene”.
- the reprogramming factor as a gene is, for example, at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a Klf family gene, an Oct family gene, a Sox family gene, and a Myc family gene. Among these, it is preferable to use at least one of the Klf family gene and the Oct family gene. Specific examples of the Oct family gene, the Klf family gene, the Sox family gene, and the Myc family gene are shown in International Publication WO2007 / 69666 (reference document).
- reprogramming factors as genes include factors used for establishment of iPS cells.
- Lin family gene For example, Lin family gene, Nanog gene, Tbx family gene, UTF1 gene, SALL family gene, Nr5a2 gene, Nr5a1 Gene, Nr1i2 gene, Rem2 GTPase gene, TCL-1A gene, Esrr family gene, Prmt5 gene, Glis family gene, and the like, or similar genes.
- miR-291-3p miR-294, miR-295; miR-17-92, miR-106b-25, miR106a- which are ES cell-specific miRNAs 363, miR-93 and miR-106b; mir-302 family miRNA; mir-200c, mir-302s and mir-369s family miRNAs;
- arginine methylase (PRMT) inhibitors PRMT
- TGF- ⁇ inhibitors TGF- ⁇ inhibitors
- GSK3 inhibitors GSK3 inhibitors
- lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitors and other low molecular compounds used for the establishment of iPS cells
- siRNA for the p53 gene, germ cell histones and histone chaperones.
- the above initialization process is performed, for example, in a culture environment in which starting cells and pluripotent stem cells can be grown and maintained.
- the culture environment in which the starting cells and pluripotent stem cells can be propagated and maintained refers to, for example, various culture environments adopted for the production of induced pluripotent stem cells and culture environments obtained by modifying them.
- the reprogramming factor is introduced into the starting cell, for example, using a vector containing the reprogramming factor so that it can be expressed.
- the type of the vector may be appropriately selected according to the type of the starting cell, and examples thereof include a plasmid vector and a virus vector (preferably an adenovirus vector, a retrovirus vector, etc.).
- methods for introducing a vector into a starting cell include electroporation (Nucleic, Acids Res. 15, 1311-1326 (1987)) and calcium phosphate method (Mol. Cell Biol. 7,2745-2752 (1987)). And lipofection method (Cell 7, 1025-1037 (1994); Lamb, Nature Genetics 5, 22-30 (1993)).
- the reprogramming factor is a protein
- the reprogramming factor is added to the medium in which the starting cells are cultured, and is taken into the starting cells (reference: Zhou et al., Cell Stem Cell. 2009 May 8; 4 (5): 381-4., Kim et al., Cell Stem Cell. 2009 Jun 5; 4 (6): 472-6., JP 2010-110289 (publication date May 20, 2010) JP, No. 2010-252786 (publication date: November 11, 2010)), or somatic cells rich in reprogramming factors in addition to the starting cells (eg, overexpression of reprogramming factors) Prepared cells), and a method of fusing both cells by cell fusion technology may be employed.
- the reprogramming factor is another factor that is neither a gene nor a protein (for example, a drug)
- the reprogramming factor is added to the culture medium in which the starting cell is cultured, and is taken into the starting cell, or is started What is necessary is just to process a cell.
- the resulting pluripotent stem cell exhibits at least multipotency, more preferably a state showing pluripotency or a state before that.
- multipotency refers to the ability to differentiate into some cell types such as nervous system or hematopoietic system.
- pluripotency refers to the ability to differentiate into all cells and tissues constituting an individual, although the individual itself cannot be constructed.
- An example of the resulting pluripotent stem cell is a so-called “induced pluripotent stem cell”.
- “Induced pluripotent stem cells” are cells having properties close to those of ES cells (Embryonic Stem Cells), more specifically, undifferentiated cells, which are pluripotency and undifferentiated depending on the culture conditions. Includes cells having proliferative potential.
- Fluorescence observation includes a step (fluorescence detection step) of detecting fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent polypeptide or fusion polypeptide according to the present invention.
- An example of fluorescence observation includes a method comprising the step of producing the fluorescent polypeptide or fusion polypeptide according to the present invention in a cell (production step) and the above-mentioned “fluorescence detection step”.
- the above production process is, for example, the above [4. It can be carried out by the method described in the section "Transformant and method for producing transformant".
- said fluorescence detection process is a process of detecting fluorescence emitted from the polypeptide or fusion polypeptide according to the present invention.
- the fluorescence detection method is not particularly limited. For example, the presence or absence of fluorescence emission, fluorescence emission using a fluorescence detection means such as UV transilluminator or LED transilluminator; fluorescence microscope; fluorescence detector; or flow cytometry; Distribution or fluorescence intensity may be measured temporarily or with time.
- fluorescence observation examples include a method including a step of introducing the fluorescent polypeptide or fusion polypeptide of the present invention into a cell (introduction step) and the above-mentioned “fluorescence detection step”.
- introduction step a step of introducing the fluorescent polypeptide or fusion polypeptide of the present invention into a cell
- fluorescence detection step examples include a microinjection method in which a purified fluorescent polypeptide is injected into the cell.
- polypeptide localization or dynamics One objective of fluorescence observation is the analysis of polypeptide localization or dynamics.
- polypeptide X a fusion polypeptide in which the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention is fused with another polypeptide
- the localization or dynamics of polypeptide X in cells can be visualized and analyzed.
- the type of polypeptide X is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include proteins localized in cells, proteins specific to intracellular organelles, and targeting signals. Examples of targeting signals include nuclear translocation signals and mitochondrial presequences.
- Another objective of fluorescence observation is the expression analysis of the target gene.
- the activity of the expression control sequence can be measured.
- the activity of the expression control sequence of the target gene reflects the expression level of the target gene.
- fluorescence observation evaluation of test substances
- Yet another example of fluorescence observation is application to an evaluation method for evaluating the effect of a test substance on the expression and / or localization of one or more target genes.
- localization of target gene intends the localization of the expression product of the target gene.
- This evaluation method includes at least the following steps i) to iv).
- a first nucleic acid molecule including a polynucleotide encoding the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention (referred to as the polynucleotide according to the present invention), which may be fused with the first target gene, into the cell.
- the first nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to the expression control sequence so as to be under the control of the first expression control sequence.
- a fluorescence detection step of detecting fluorescence emission in the cells.
- target gene refers to an arbitrary gene selected for the purpose of confirming the action of the test substance. When there are a plurality of “target genes”, they may be distinguished as first and second target genes.
- the test substance refers to any substance that can act directly or indirectly on the “target gene”.
- the target gene is, for example, a gene associated with the onset of the disease.
- the target gene is, for example, a gene such as Nanog whose expression changes with cell reprogramming.
- the initialization factor refer to [6. Reference is made to the [pluripotent stem cells and method for producing pluripotent stem cells] column.
- the “first nucleic acid molecule” includes at least the polynucleotide according to the present invention.
- the expression of the first nucleic acid molecule is controlled by the first expression control sequence.
- the first nucleic acid molecule may contain a first target gene fused with the polynucleotide according to the present invention, if necessary. In this case, a fusion polypeptide in which the expression product of the first target gene and the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention are fused is produced. Therefore, the localization of the first target gene can be evaluated in the evaluation step.
- the “first expression control sequence” may be the expression control sequence of the “first target gene”.
- the polynucleotide according to the present invention is expressed so as to reflect the expression pattern of the first target gene. Therefore, in the evaluation step, the effect of the test substance on the expression of the first target gene can be evaluated.
- the “first expression control sequence” is preferably a promoter sequence.
- introduction step and “culture step” are, for example, the above-mentioned [4. It can be carried out according to the method described in the column “Transformant and method for producing transformant”.
- the fluorescence detection step the presence or absence of fluorescence emission, the distribution of fluorescence emission, or the fluorescence intensity may be measured temporarily or with time using the fluorescence detection means described above.
- the fluorescence detection step is performed on both cells cultured in the presence of the test substance and cells cultured in the absence of the test substance.
- the fluorescence emission in the cells obtained in the presence and absence of the test substance is compared. Then, based on the obtained comparison result, it is evaluated whether the test substance affects the expression and / or localization of the target gene. For example, when there is no substantial difference in the fluorescence emission detection results in the presence and absence of the test substance, it is evaluated that the test substance does not affect the expression of the target gene. If there is a significant difference in the detection results of fluorescence emission in the presence and absence of the test substance, it is evaluated that the test substance has an effect on the expression of the target gene.
- the evaluation in the evaluation process includes evaluating the presence or absence and degree of influence of the test substance on the expression and / or localization of the target gene.
- a second nucleic acid molecule may be introduced into the cell in addition to the first nucleic acid molecule, if necessary.
- the second nucleic acid molecule comprises a polynucleotide encoding a fluorescent polypeptide different from the “first nucleic acid molecule” (referred to as a second fluorescent polypeptide).
- the expression of the second nucleic acid molecule is under the control of the second expression control sequence. Since the first nucleic acid molecule and the second nucleic acid molecule encode fluorescent polypeptides having different fluorescence characteristics, these fluorescent polypeptides are distinguished from each other and evaluated in the fluorescence detection step and the evaluation step described above. You can also
- the second nucleic acid molecule may contain a second target gene fused with a polynucleotide encoding the second fluorescent polypeptide, if necessary.
- a fusion polypeptide is produced in which the expression product of the second target gene and the second fluorescent polypeptide are fused. Therefore, the localization of the second target gene can be evaluated in the evaluation step.
- the “second expression control sequence” may be the expression control sequence of the “second target gene”.
- the polynucleotide encoding the second fluorescent polypeptide is expressed so as to reflect the expression pattern of the second target gene. Therefore, in the evaluation step, the effect of the test substance on the expression of the second target gene can be evaluated.
- the “second expression control sequence” is preferably a promoter sequence.
- first target gene and the “second target gene” are preferably different from each other. Further, the first expression control sequence and the second expression control sequence are preferably different from each other.
- the above evaluation method is performed ex vivo. That is, this evaluation method is performed on an isolated cell or a cell contained in an isolated tissue.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a mutant fluorescent polypeptide based on a fluorescent polypeptide having any one of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 5-7.
- one aspect of the method for producing a fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention is as follows. i) producing a mutant polypeptide in which at least one amino acid mutation is caused in amino acids other than the 69th to 70th amino acids in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 5-7; ii) a comparison step of comparing the fluorescence characteristics of the mutant polypeptide with the fluorescence characteristics of the polypeptide before causing the mutation; and iii) a selection step of selecting a mutant polypeptide having a fluorescent property changed as compared with that before the mutation in the comparison step.
- mutant polypeptides that have fluorescence characteristics but have changed fluorescence characteristics are selected, and mutant polypeptides that have completely lost fluorescence characteristics are excluded.
- the above-described method for producing a mutant fluorescent polypeptide can also be regarded as a method for screening a mutant fluorescent polypeptide.
- kit comprises 1) a fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention, 2) a polynucleotide encoding the fluorescent polypeptide according to the present invention, 3) an expression cassette according to the present invention, 4) a vector according to the present invention, 5 It comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of :) a transformant according to the present invention; and 6) a fusion polypeptide according to the present invention.
- the polynucleotide 2) is RNA, it can also be applied to living organisms such as humans as a kit for primary expression without gene recombination.
- the kit according to the present invention can be prepared using materials and techniques known in the art.
- Reagents such as fluorescent polypeptides or polynucleotides can be prepared in a form suitable for storage by dissolving in a suitable solvent.
- a suitable solvent water, ethanol, various known buffers and the like can be used.
- the kit according to the present invention may further include at least one of various reagents and instruments (buffer solutions, test tubes, pipettes, etc.) and instructions for using the kit, if necessary.
- various reagents and instruments buffer solutions, test tubes, pipettes, etc.
- instructions for using the kit if necessary.
- the contents of the detection method according to the present invention described in the above section [7. Observation using fluorescent polypeptide] are recorded in the instruction manual of the kit, for example.
- the kit is used, for example, for reagent use or diagnostic use.
- the present invention may be any of the following aspects.
- ⁇ 1> A polypeptide having fluorescence characteristics described in any of (1) to (4) below.
- (2) 1-34 amino acids are substituted, deleted, inserted, and / or added in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2
- (4) a polypeptide described in (1) above A polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a polynucleotide comprising a sequence complementary to the encoding polynucleotide.
- ⁇ 4> An expression cassette comprising: (a) an expression control region functional in an expression host; and (b) the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3>.
- ⁇ 5> A vector comprising the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3> above or the expression cassette according to ⁇ 4>.
- ⁇ 6> A transformant comprising the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3> above, the expression cassette according to ⁇ 4>, or the vector according to ⁇ 5>.
- ⁇ 7> The transformant according to ⁇ 6>, which is a non-human transgenic organism.
- ⁇ 8> A fusion polypeptide comprising the polypeptide according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2> above and another polypeptide.
- ⁇ 9> A fluorescence observation method, wherein the polypeptide according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2> or the fusion polypeptide according to ⁇ 8> is produced in a cell, and the polypeptide or fusion polypeptide An observation step of observing fluorescence derived from the method.
- a method for evaluating the action of one or more test substances on the expression and / or localization of one or more target genes in a cell wherein i) the above may be fused with a first target gene ⁇ 3> a nucleic acid molecule comprising the polynucleotide according to 3>, wherein the first nucleic acid molecule operably linked to the expression control sequence so as to be placed under the control of the first expression control sequence
- An introduction step to be introduced ii) a culture step for culturing the cells that have undergone the introduction step in the presence and absence of the test substance, iii) a fluorescence detection step for detecting fluorescence emission in the cells, and iv) the presence of the test substance
- a nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide encoding a fluorescent polypeptide different from the first nucleic acid molecule, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is under the control of a second expression control sequence.
- the method according to ⁇ 10>, wherein the second nucleic acid molecule operably linked to the expression control sequence is introduced into the cell.
- ⁇ 12> A method for producing a transformant containing the whole or part of the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3> in a cell, the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3>, the expression cassette according to ⁇ 4> Or a method comprising introducing the vector according to ⁇ 5> into a cell.
- ⁇ 13> A transformant or a progeny thereof obtained by the method according to ⁇ 12> above.
- ⁇ 14> A method for producing a non-human transgenic organism containing in its cells all or part of the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3> above, the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3>, and the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 4> A method comprising introducing the expression cassette or the vector according to ⁇ 5> into a fertilized egg collected from a donor cell.
- ⁇ 15> A non-human transgenic organism or a progeny thereof obtained by the method according to ⁇ 14> above.
- ⁇ 16> A method for producing a pluripotent stem cell by collecting a cell from the non-human transgenic organism according to ⁇ 15> or a progeny thereof and introducing an initialization factor into the cell.
- ⁇ 17> The polypeptide according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2> above, the polynucleotide according to ⁇ 3>, the expression cassette according to ⁇ 4>, the vector according to ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 6> or ⁇ 7> Or a transformant according to ⁇ 8> or a fusion polypeptide according to ⁇ 8>.
- coli (a vector prepared by replacing the multicloning site of pRSET (Invitrogen) with the multicloning site of pFastBac (Invitrogen)), and then E. coli JM109 (DE3) (Promega) And cultured on a plate of LB solid medium containing ampicillin to obtain colonies.
- the obtained colony was irradiated with light using a UV illuminator, a blue LED, and a green LED, respectively, and it was confirmed whether to emit fluorescence. Colonies that were confirmed to emit fluorescence were cultured in a liquid medium, and then DNA was extracted from the E. coli solution, and the nucleotide sequence was determined.
- E. coli expression vector in E. coli, culture and protein purification The above-mentioned plasmid DNA for E. coli expression was introduced into E. coli strain JM109 (DE3) (Promega) by the heat shock method, and seeded on a plate of LB solid medium containing ampicillin to obtain a colony. The obtained colonies were inoculated into LB liquid medium and cultured at room temperature for 3 days. After culturing, the cells of E. coli were collected by centrifugation using a centrifuge.
- Escherichia coli cells were disrupted by a freeze-thaw method, and the disrupted solution was centrifuged using a centrifuge to obtain a supernatant.
- the supernatant was His-tag purified using a Ni-NTA column.
- buffer exchange was performed using a Sephadex G-25 column.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- the absorption spectrum was measured by suspending the protein in 50 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) to 40 ⁇ M. Further, using SynergyMx (Biotek), the protein was suspended in 50 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) to 2 ⁇ M, and the fluorescence spectrum was measured. Furthermore, using an absolute PL quantum yield measuring apparatus (Hamamatsu Photonics), the protein was suspended in 50 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) to 2 ⁇ M, and the quantum yield was measured. The results are shown in FIG. The obtained measurement results are summarized in Table 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the fluorescence characteristics of 1-29 and 1-41 proteins.
- UV irradiation is performed on a gel obtained by electrophoresis of the modified protein by Pseud-Native-PAGE electrophoresis, and the fluorescence of the protein at the molecular weight corresponding to the monomer is emitted. This was done by checking. The clones confirmed to be monomerized were examined for amino acid sequence variations. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing expression and fluorescence characteristics of the monomerized variant in E. coli.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a view of a gel obtained by electrophoresis of the modified protein by Pseud-Native-PAGE electrophoresis and UV irradiation with a UV transilluminator.
- amino acid sequences of 9-2B, 9-4, and 10-3 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 5, 6, and 1 in this order.
- the main fluorescent properties of monomeric fluorescent polypeptide A 10-3 are as follows. Maximum excitation wavelength (nm): 574 Maximum fluorescence wavelength (nm): 598 (red) Molar extinction coefficient (M ⁇ 1 cm ⁇ 1 ): 49500 Quantum yield (%): 66 (pH 7.4) Fluorescence lifetime (nanoseconds): pH sensitivity: Fluorescence intensity is stable at pH 6 or more, particularly pH 6 to 11, and there is no sensitivity.
- the main fluorescent characteristics of 9-2B (SEQ ID NO: 5), which is a monomeric fluorescent polypeptide A, are as follows. Maximum excitation wavelength (nm): 573 Maximum fluorescence wavelength (nm): 594 (red) Molar extinction coefficient (M -1 cm -1 ): 60300 Quantum yield (%): 68 (pH 7.4) Fluorescence lifetime (nanoseconds): pH sensitivity: Fluorescence intensity is stable at pH 6 or more, particularly pH 6 to 11, and there is no sensitivity.
- the main fluorescent characteristics of 9-4 (SEQ ID NO: 6), which is monomeric fluorescent polypeptide A, are as follows.
- the protein was suspended in 50 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) to a concentration of 40 ⁇ M, the absorption spectrum was measured, and the molar extinction coefficient was calculated at the maximum absorption wavelength. Further, using SynergyMx (BioTek), the protein was suspended in 50 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) to 2 ⁇ M, and the fluorescence spectrum was measured. Furthermore, using an absolute PL quantum yield measuring apparatus (Hamamatsu Photonics), the protein was suspended in 50 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) to 2 ⁇ M, and the quantum yield was measured.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing expression and fluorescence characteristics of the monomerized variant in E. coli.
- FIG. 2 (b) is a graph showing the fluorescence characteristics of two monomerized clones (9-2B and 10-3). The above shows an absorption spectrum for each of the two monomerized clones. The bottom shows the excitation spectrum (EX) and fluorescence spectrum (EM) for each of the two monomerized clones.
- the fluorescence intensity of the excitation spectrum indicates the value when the wavelength of the detection light is fixed at 640 nm, and the two fluorescence spectra are when the wavelength of the excitation light is 540 nm (upper spectrum) and 380 nm, respectively (lower spectrum) ) Value.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing fluorescence characteristics of the three modified monomers. Absorption spectra of the three variants are shown. As a known red fluorescent protein, mStrawberry and TagRFP were used.
- mStrawberry was 52000 (Shaner et al, 2004 2004 Nature Biotechnolgy report 90000), TagRFP was 48700 (Merzlyak et al., 2007 2007 Nature Methods report 100000). On the other hand, it was 60300 for 9-2B, 44100 for 9-4, and 49500 for 10-3.
- the quantum yield is 0.31 under the conditions of pH 7.4 for mStrawberry (0.22 according to the report of Shaner et al., 2004 2004 Nature Biotechnolgy), and 0.52 under the condition of pH 7.4 for TagRFP (Merzlyak et al. , -22007 Nature Methods reported 0.48), whereas 9-2B was 0.68 under the condition of pH 7.4, and 9-4 was 0.73 under the condition of pH 7.4. 3 was 0.66 under the condition of pH 7.4.
- FIG. 4 shows the pH sensitivity of fluorescence intensity in the three monomerized variants.
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are a diagram (FIG. 5A) and a graph (FIG. 5B) showing the fluorescence stability of the three monomerized variants.
- 9-2B, 9-4 and 10-3 could be expressed without any problem in mammalian cells.
- TagRFP as shown in the lower right of FIG. 5A, spots indicating the possibility that TagRFP aggregated in the cytoplasm were confirmed. Such spots were not observed in 9-2B, 9-4 and 10-3, and mStrawberry was the same.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the shift of the fluorescence wavelength of the two variants.
- 1-29 variant 1-29C SEQ ID NO: 7
- 1-29G SEQ ID NO: 2
- Whether or not the obtained variant is monomerized is confirmed by irradiating the gel obtained by electrophoresis of the variant protein by Pseud-Native-PAGE electrophoresis with UV, and at a molecular weight corresponding to the monomer. This was done by confirming the fluorescence emission of the protein.
- the clones confirmed to be monomerized were examined for amino acid sequence variations.
- the amino acid sequence of the new variant thus obtained (referred to as mAzalea) is shown as SEQ ID NO: 16, and the base sequence of the coding region of the gene encoding mAzalea is shown as SEQ ID NO: 17.
- the protein was suspended in 50 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) to a concentration of 40 ⁇ M, the absorption spectrum was measured, and the molar extinction coefficient was calculated at the maximum absorption wavelength.
- the molar extinction coefficient was calculated on the basis of that the molar extinction coefficient at 446 nm of the mature GFP chromophore was 44000 (M ⁇ 1 cm ⁇ 1 ) when denatured with 1M NaOH. It is calculated from the ratio of the “absorption value at 446 nm when denatured” and the “absorption value of the peak at pH 7.4”.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the fluorescence characteristics of mAzalea.
- the upper graph in the figure shows the absorption spectrum of mAzalea.
- the lower two graphs in the figure show the excitation spectrum (ex640: indicated by a dotted line) and the fluorescence spectrum (em540, em470: indicated by a solid line) of mAzalea.
- the fluorescence intensity of the excitation spectrum indicates a value when the wavelength of the detection light is fixed at 640 nm
- the two fluorescence spectra (em540 and em470) indicate values when the wavelength of the excitation light is 540 nm and 470 nm, respectively. .
- FIG. 8 shows the pH sensitivity of fluorescence intensity in mAzalea.
- the top two graphs in the figure show the excitation spectrum (ex640) and fluorescence spectrum (em540) of mAzalea under various pH conditions.
- the fluorescence intensity of the excitation spectrum shows a value when the wavelength of the detection light is fixed at 640 nm
- the fluorescence spectrum (em540) shows a value when the wavelength of the excitation light is 540 nm.
- the lower left graph in the figure shows the absorption spectrum of mAzalea under various pH conditions. Further, the lower right graph in the figure shows the absorption of light at a wavelength of 575 nm (Abs_575), the fluorescence intensity of the excitation spectrum, and the fluorescence spectrum of mAzalea under various pH conditions.
- the fluorescence intensity of the excitation spectrum indicates a value of 574 nm when the wavelength of the detection light is fixed at 640 nm
- the fluorescence spectrum (em_598) indicates a value of 598 nm when the wavelength of the excitation light is fixed at 540 nm. Indicates.
- MAzalea has a stable fluorescence intensity and no sensitivity in the range of pH 5 to 9 and particularly in the range of pH 6-8. However, when the pH is less than 5 or more than pH 9, the fluorescence intensity of mAzalea is greatly reduced. That is, mAzalea can be used as a pH sensor, a pH-dependent switch, or the like as a pH-sensitive fluorescent protein.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the stability of fluorescence of mAzalea, mRuby2, mCherry and TagRFP-T.
- the left side in the figure is the result when the cells are fixed, and the right side is the result when the cells are not fixed. From this result, it can be seen that the fluorescence stability of mAzalea is superior to that of mRuby2, and is comparable to other fluorescent proteins.
- Lyn-mAzalea / pcDNA3 is a gene construct in which a sequence of Lyn that is membrane-bound and a mAzalea gene are linked.
- the gene construct corresponding to FIG. 11 is obtained by linking calreticulin-FP (fluorescent protein) -KDEL in this order.
- the gene construct corresponding to FIG. 12 includes FP (fluorescent protein), ⁇ -tubulin, Are linked by a linker (GGGGS) ⁇ 3, and the gene construct corresponding to FIG. 13 is a FP (fluorescent protein) and ⁇ -actin linked by a linker (GGGGS) ⁇ 3.
- Microscope FV1000 (manufactured by Olympus); objective lens: x60 UplanApo W / IR; scan speed: 4.0 ⁇ sec / pixel; A.
- Microscope FV1000 (manufactured by Olympus); objective lens: x60 UplanApo W / IR; scan speed: 2.0 ⁇ sec / pixel; A. : 130 ⁇ m; Kalman: line, ⁇ 2; Laser: 543 nm; Fluorescence: 560-660 nm (result) As shown in FIG. 10 to FIG. 13, it was found that mAzalea functions as a fluorescent marker that is locally expressed at the target site in HeLa cells.
- HeLa cell culture conditions DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS. The culture conditions were the presence of 5% concentration carbon dioxide at 37 ° C. using a microscope culture apparatus FV10i. Observation conditions for fluorescence emission: Laser: 559nm_7.5%, PMT: 40%, em: 570-670nm, C. A .: 300um Objective lens (Obj): UPlanSApo 10 ⁇ , Scan speed: 2 ⁇ s / pixel Image size: 512x 512, Zoom: x1, Kalman: line x2 Interval: 15min [15.
- modified protein based on mAzalea] [9. ]
- a modified protein was produced in which the 85th amino acid was substituted from isoleucine to leucine and the 176th amino acid was substituted from tyrosine to methionine, and this was designated as mAzalea_B5.
- the site-specific amino acid mutation was introduced using the gene sequence of mAzalea as a template.
- the amino acid sequence of mAzalea_B5 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 18, and the base sequence of the coding region of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 19.
- the graph on the right side of FIG. 15 shows the fluorescence spectra under various pH conditions for mAzalea and mAzalea_B5.
- the fluorescence spectrum has a value of 598 nm when the wavelength of excitation light is fixed at 540 nm for mAzalea, and a value of 596 nm when the wavelength of excitation light is fixed at 540 nm for mAzalea_B5.
- mAzalea_B5 has a more stable and insensitive fluorescence intensity than mAzalea within a pH range of 5 to 9 and in particular within a pH range of 6-8. However, when the pH is less than 5 or exceeds pH 9, the fluorescence intensity of mAzalea_B5 is greatly reduced. That is, mAzalea_B5 can be used as a pH sensor, a pH-dependent switch, or the like as a pH-sensitive fluorescent protein.
- Buffer HBSS containing 10 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4); CCD camera: CoolSNAP HQ; Fluorescent filter cube: U-MPFP HQ (manufactured by Olympus); Objective lens: ⁇ 40 UplanFL N; ND filter: 30%; Binning: 1; Exposure time: 25 milliseconds; Irradiation interval: 1 minute.
- HeLa cells were used to analyze the expression of mAzalea and mAzalea_B5 in the endoplasmic reticulum. HeLa cells were each transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen), and the cells were observed using a fluorescence microscope one day later. The gene construct used for transfection is obtained by linking calreticulin-FP-KDEL in this order, and FP indicates the gene of mAzalea or mAzalea_B5.
- Microscope FV1000 (manufactured by Olympus); objective lens: x60 UplanApo W / IR; scan speed: 4.0 ⁇ sec / pixel; A. : 120 ⁇ m; Kalman: line, ⁇ 4; Laser: 543 nm (30%); Fluorescence: 560-660 nm, PMT: 770 V (result) As shown in FIG. 17, it was found that mAzalea_B5 functions as a fluorescent marker that is more excellent than mAzalea and is locally expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum in HeLa cells.
- An example of the fluorescent protein according to the present invention has excellent properties such as quantum yield. Therefore, for example, it is useful in the biochemical analysis field and the medical field as a fluorescent label for analyzing the expression pattern of a target gene, a fluorescent label for screening a drug candidate compound, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
<1> 以下の(1)~(4)の何れかに示す、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチド。(1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチド、(2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチド、(3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有するポリペプチド、(4)上記(1)に記載のポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドによってコードされるポリペプチド。
<2> 以下の(1)~(4)の何れかに記載のポリヌクレオチド。(1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、(2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、(3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、(4)上記(1)に記載のポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズし、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
<3> (a)発現宿主内で機能的な発現制御領域;および、(b)<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチド;を含む、発現カセット。
<4>上記<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチドまたは<3>に記載の発現カセットを含むベクター。
<5>上記<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<3>に記載の発現カセットまたは<4>に記載のベクターを含む形質転換体。
<6>上記<1>に記載のポリペプチドと他のポリペプチドとからなる融合ポリペプチド。
<7>蛍光観察の方法であって、<1>に記載のポリペプチド、あるいは<6>に記載の融合ポリペプチドを細胞において産生させる産生工程と、当該ポリペプチドまたは融合ポリペプチドに由来する蛍光を観察する観察工程とを含む、方法。
<8>細胞において1以上の目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する1以上の試験物質の作用を評価する方法であって、i)第一の目的遺伝子と融合されていてもよい上記<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸分子であって、第一の発現制御配列の制御下におかれるように当該発現制御配列と作動可能に連結された第一の核酸分子を、細胞内に導入する導入工程、ii)導入工程を経た上記細胞を上記試験物質の存在下および不在下で培養する培養工程、iii)上記細胞における蛍光発光を検出する蛍光検出工程、およびiv)試験物質の存在下および不在下で得られた、上記細胞における蛍光発光を比較して、上記目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する試験物質の作用を評価する評価工程、を含む、方法。
<9>上記<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチドの全体または一部を細胞中に含む形質転換体を作製する方法であって、<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<3>に記載の発現カセットまたは<4>に記載のベクターを細胞に導入する工程を含む、方法。
<10>上記<9>に記載の方法で得られた形質転換体またはその子孫。
<11>上記<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチドの全体または一部を細胞中に含む非ヒトトランスジェニック生物を作製する方法であって、<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<3>に記載の発現カセットまたは<4>に記載のベクターを、ドナー細胞から採取した受精卵に導入する工程を含む、方法。
<12>上記<11>に記載の方法で得られた非ヒトトランスジェニック生物またはその子孫。
<13>上記<12>に記載の非ヒトトランスジェニック生物またはその子孫より細胞を採取し、該細胞に初期化因子を導入して多能性幹細胞を作製する方法。
<14>上記<1>に記載のポリペプチド、<2>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<3>に記載の発現カセット、<4>に記載のベクター、<5>に記載の形質転換体、あるいは<6>に記載の融合ポリペプチドを含む、キット。
本明細書において、「ポリヌクレオチド」は、「核酸」または「核酸分子」とも換言できる。「ポリヌクレオチド」は、特に明記しない場合は、天然に存在するヌクレオチドと同様に機能することができる天然に存在するヌクレオチドの既知の類似体を含有するポリヌクレオチドを包含する。また、「塩基配列」は、「核酸配列」または「ヌクレオチド配列」とも換言できる。特に言及のない限り、「塩基配列」はデオキシリボヌクレオチドの配列またはリボヌクレオチドの配列を意図している。また、ポリヌクレオチドは、一本鎖であっても二本鎖構造であってもよく、一本鎖の場合はセンス鎖であってもアンチセンス鎖であってもよい。
(1-1: 蛍光ポリペプチドA)
本発明に係るポリペプチドAは、以下の(1)~(4)の何れかに示す、蛍光ポリペプチドである。
(1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有する蛍光ポリペプチド。
(2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有する蛍光ポリペプチド。なお、置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸の個数は、1~25個であることが好ましく、1~23個であることがより好ましく、1~12個であることがさらに好ましく、1~5または6個であることが特に好ましい。以下、アミノ酸の置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加を、アミノ酸の変異と総称する場合がある。
(3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有する蛍光ポリペプチド。なお、配列同一性は、88%以上であることが好ましく、90%以上であることがより好ましく、95%以上であることがさらに好ましく、96%以上、97%以上、98%以上、或いは99%以上であることが特に好ましい。
(4)上記(1)に記載の蛍光ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドによってコードされる蛍光ポリペプチド。なお、ストリンジェントな条件については、本発明に係るポリヌクレオチドの欄で後述する。
本発明に係るポリヌクレオチドは、上記蛍光ポリペプチドAの何れかをコードするものである。
(1-1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
(1-2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。なお、置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸の個数は、1~25個であることが好ましく、1~23個であることがより好ましく、1~12個であることがさらに好ましく、1~5または6個であることが特に好ましい。
(1-3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。なお、配列同一性は、88%以上であることが好ましく、90%以上であることがより好ましく、95%以上であることがさらに好ましく、96%以上、97%以上、98%以上、或いは99%以上であることが特に好ましい。
(1-4)上記(1-1)に記載のポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズし、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。このポリヌクレオチドは、上記(1-1)に記載のポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有することが好ましい。当該配列同一性は、88%以上であることが好ましく、90%以上であることがより好ましく、95%以上であることがさらに好ましく、96%以上、97%以上、98%以上、或いは99%以上であることが特に好ましい。
本発明に係るポリヌクレオチド(例えばDNA)は、適当なベクター中に挿入して、ベクターとして利用してもよい。ベクターの種類は、プラスミドのような自律的に複製するベクターでもよいし、或いは、宿主細胞に導入された際に宿主細胞のゲノムに組み込まれ、宿主細胞の染色体と共に複製されるものであってもよい。
(形質転換体、および形質転換体の作製方法)
本発明に係るポリヌクレオチド、本発明に係る発現カセット、または、本発明に係るベクターを適当な宿主細胞に導入することによって形質転換体を作製することができる。作製された形質転換体は、本発明に係るポリヌクレオチドの全長を含んでいるか、少なくとも当該ポリヌクレオチドの一部を含んでいて、本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドの何れかを発現可能である。同様に、本発明に係る形質転換体を用いて得られた当該形質転換体の子孫も、本発明に係るポリヌクレオチドの全長を含んでいるか、少なくとも当該ポリヌクレオチドの一部を含んでいて、本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドの何れかを発現可能である。作製された形質転換体またはその子孫において、本発明に係るポリヌクレオチドの全長またはその一部は、ゲノム中に組み込まれていることが好ましい。
本発明に係る非ヒトトランスジェニック生物は、例えば、高等生物である。トランスジェニック植物としては、例えば、シロイヌナズナなどの双子葉植物;ミナトカモジグサ(Brachypodium distachyon)、イネ、コムギ、オオムギなどの単子葉植物;のトランスジェニックが挙げられる。トランスジェニック動物としては、例えば、ゼブラフィッシュ、マウス、ラット、ブタなどのトランスジェニックが挙げられる。
本発明は、例えば、本発明に係る非ヒトトランスジェニック生物を用いて、そのクローンを作製することも包含する。作製されたクローンは、元となった非ヒトトランスジェニック生物と同様に、ゲノム中に、本発明に係るポリヌクレオチドの全長を含んでいるか、少なくとも当該ポリヌクレオチドの一部を含んでいて、本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドの何れかを発現可能である。なお、クローンとは、胚細胞クローンも体細胞クローンも含む概念である。
(融合ポリペプチド)
本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドと他のポリペプチドとからなる融合ポリペプチド(以下、本発明に係る融合ポリペプチドと称する)も本発明の範疇である。融合ポリペプチドは、例えば、本発明に係る発現カセットおよび/またはベクターの発現によって産生される融合タンパク質;任意のタンパク質を本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドで標識した融合タンパク質;本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドと、蛍光を安定化させるための所定のペプチド配列とが融合してなる融合タンパク質;本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドと他の蛍光ポリペプチドとを備えたFRET用プローブ;などが挙げられる。すなわち、本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドと融合させる他のポリペプチドの種類は特に限定されない。本発明に係る融合ポリペプチドは、本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドと同様の方法によって、化学合成されても、或いは、遺伝子組み換え技術を用いて産生されてもよい。
また、本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドに特異的に結合する抗体も本発明の範疇に含まれる。
本発明は、本発明に係る非ヒトトランスジェニック生物の細胞から、多能性幹細胞を作製する方法も包含する。多能性幹細胞を作製する方法は、本発明に係る非ヒトトランスジェニック生物から採取した細胞(出発細胞と称する場合もある)に初期化因子を導入する、或いは当該細胞を初期化因子で処理することによって、多能性幹細胞を作製する工程(初期化工程)、を含んでなる。なお、非ヒトトランスジェニック生物は、例えば、非ヒトトランスジェニック高等動物であり、中でも非ヒトトランスジェニック哺乳動物である。
本発明に係る非ヒトトランスジェニック生物から採取する細胞の種類は特に限定されないが、体細胞であることが好ましい。非ヒトトランスジェニック生物から細胞を採取する方法は、当該細胞の種類に応じた適切な方法で行えばよい。体細胞の種類は、生殖細胞以外のいかなる細胞であってもよく、分化能を有する体性幹細胞、人工多能性幹細胞およびこれらの幹細胞から分化誘導された体細胞も含まれる。
初期化因子は、非ヒトトランスジェニック生物から採取した細胞内に導入されるか、当該細胞の処理に用いられることによって、当該細胞の核初期化を引き起こす因子を指す。細胞の核初期化によって多能性幹細胞が誘導される。
上記の初期化工程は、例えば、出発細胞および多能性幹細胞が増殖、維持可能な培養環境において行われる。なお、出発細胞および多能性幹細胞が増殖、維持可能な培養環境とは、例えば、誘導多能性幹細胞の作製に採用されている種々の培養環境およびそれを改変した培養環境を指す。
得られる多能性幹細胞は少なくともmultipotencyを示し、より好ましくはpluripotencyを示す状態かそれ以前の状態を示す。なお、本発明において、multipotencyとは、例えば神経系または造血系など一部の細胞種に分化できる能力を指す。また、本発明において、pluripotencyとは、個体自体を構成することは出来ないが、個体を構成するすべての細胞および組織に分化できる能力を指す。得られる多能性幹細胞の一例は、いわゆる「誘導多能性幹細胞(induced Pluripotent Stem Cell)」である。「誘導多能性幹細胞」とは、ES細胞(Embryonic Stem Cell)に近い性質を有する細胞であり、より具体的には、未分化細胞であって、培養条件によって全能性(pluripotency)および未分化増殖能を有する細胞を包含する。
(蛍光観察)
本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドや融合ポリペプチドの用途は特に限定されず、広く蛍光観察の用途に用いることができる。蛍光観察は、本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドまたは融合ポリペプチドに由来する蛍光発光を検出する工程(蛍光検出工程)を含む。
蛍光観察のさらに他の例としては、1以上の目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する試験物質の作用を評価する評価方法への応用が挙げられる。ここで、「目的遺伝子の局在性」とは、目的遺伝子の発現産物の局在性を意図している。
i)第一の目的遺伝子と融合されていてもよい本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド(本発明に係るポリヌクレオチドと称する)を含む、第一の核酸分子を、細胞内に導入する導入工程。なお、第一の核酸分子は、第一の発現制御配列の制御下におかれるように、当該発現制御配列と作動可能に連結されている。
ii)導入工程を経た上記細胞を試験物質の存在下および不在下で培養する培養工程。
iii)上記細胞における蛍光発光を検出する蛍光検出工程。
iv)試験物質の存在下および不在下で得られた、上記細胞における蛍光発光を比較して、上記目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する試験物質の作用を評価する評価工程。
本発明は、配列番号1、2および5~7に記載のアミノ酸配列のいずれかを有する蛍光ポリペプチドに基づいて、変異型の蛍光ポリペプチドを作製する方法も提供する。
i)配列番号1、2または5~7に記載のアミノ酸配列における69番目~70番目以外のアミノ酸において少なくとも1以上のアミノ酸の変異を生じさせた変異型ポリペプチドを作製する工程と、
ii)上記変異型ポリペプチドの蛍光特性と、変異を生じさせる前のポリペプチドの蛍光特性とを比較する比較工程と、
iii)上記比較工程において、変異を生じさせる前と比較して蛍光特性が変化した変異型ポリペプチドを選択する選択工程と、を含む、方法である。
(キット)
本発明に係るキットは、1)本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチド、2)本発明に係る蛍光ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、3)本発明に係る発現カセット、4)本発明に係るベクター、5)本発明に係る形質転換体、および、6)本発明に係る融合ポリペプチド、からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種以上を含んでなる。上記2)のポリヌクレオチドがRNAの場合は、遺伝子の組み換えを伴わない一次発現用のキットとして、ヒトなどの生物個体にも適用することができる。
本発明はまた以下に示す何れかの態様であってもよい。
<1> 以下の(1)~(4)の何れかに示す、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチド。(1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチド、(2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチド、(3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有するポリペプチド、(4)上記(1)に記載のポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドによってコードされるポリペプチド。
<2> 蛍光の量子収率Φが0.6以上であるか0.4以上である、<1>に記載のポリペプチド。
<3> 以下の(1)~(4)の何れかに記載のポリヌクレオチド。(1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、(2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、(3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、(4)上記(1)に記載のポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズし、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
<4> (a)発現宿主内で機能的な発現制御領域;および、(b)<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチド;を含む、発現カセット。
<5>上記<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチドまたは<4>に記載の発現カセットを含むベクター。
<6>上記<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<4>に記載の発現カセットまたは<5>に記載のベクターを含む形質転換体。
<7>非ヒトトランスジェニック生物である、<6>に記載の形質転換体。
<8>上記<1>または<2>に記載のポリペプチドと他のポリペプチドとからなる融合ポリペプチド。
<9>蛍光観察の方法であって、<1>または<2>に記載のポリペプチド、あるいは<8>に記載の融合ポリペプチドを細胞において産生させる産生工程と、当該ポリペプチドまたは融合ポリペプチドに由来する蛍光を観察する観察工程とを含む、方法。
<10>細胞において1以上の目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する1以上の試験物質の作用を評価する方法であって、i)第一の目的遺伝子と融合されていてもよい上記<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸分子であって、第一の発現制御配列の制御下におかれるように当該発現制御配列と作動可能に連結された第一の核酸分子を、細胞内に導入する導入工程、ii)導入工程を経た上記細胞を上記試験物質の存在下および不在下で培養する培養工程、iii)上記細胞における蛍光発光を検出する蛍光検出工程、およびiv)試験物質の存在下および不在下で得られた、上記細胞における蛍光発光を比較して、上記目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する試験物質の作用を評価する評価工程、を含む、方法。
<11>上記導入工程において、さらに、上記第一の核酸分子とは異なる蛍光ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸分子であって、第二の発現制御配列の制御下におかれるように当該発現制御配列と作動可能に連結された第二の核酸分子を、上記細胞内に導入する、<10>に記載の方法。
<12>上記<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチドの全体または一部を細胞中に含む形質転換体を作製する方法であって、<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<4>に記載の発現カセットまたは<5>に記載のベクターを細胞に導入する工程を含む、方法。
<13>上記<12>に記載の方法で得られた形質転換体またはその子孫。
<14>上記<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチドの全体または一部を細胞中に含む非ヒトトランスジェニック生物を作製する方法であって、<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<4>に記載の発現カセットまたは<5>に記載のベクターを、ドナー細胞から採取した受精卵に導入する工程を含む、方法。
<15>上記<14>に記載の方法で得られた非ヒトトランスジェニック生物またはその子孫。
<16>上記<15>に記載の非ヒトトランスジェニック生物またはその子孫より細胞を採取し、該細胞に初期化因子を導入して多能性幹細胞を作製する方法。
<17>上記<1>または<2>に記載のポリペプチド、<3>に記載のポリヌクレオチド、<4>に記載の発現カセット、<5>に記載のベクター、<6>または<7>に記載の形質転換体、あるいは<8>に記載の融合ポリペプチドを含む、キット。
(材料および方法)
コイボコモンサンゴ(Montipora monasteriata)をマルチビーズショッカー(安井器機)によって粉砕後、TRIzol(Invitrogen)を用いてtotalRNAを抽出した。抽出したtotalRNAからOligotex-dT30 <super>(タカラバイオ)を用いてmRNAを精製した。SuperScript Plasmid System with Gateway Technology for cDNA Synthesis and Cloning(Invitrogen)を用いて、mRNAからcDNAライブラリーを作製した。mRNAを鋳型とした逆転写には、配列番号11に示すプライマーを用いた。得られたcDNAを、大腸菌用発現ベクターpFASTSET(pRSET(Invitrogen)のマルチクローニングサイトをpFastBac(Invitrogen)のマルチクローニングサイトに差し替えることによって作製したベクター)に挿入した後、大腸菌JM109 (DE3)(Promega)に導入し、アンピシリンを含むLB固体培地のプレート上で培養してコロニーを得た。得られたコロニーに、UVイルミネーター、青色LEDおよび緑色LEDをそれぞれ用いて光を照射し、蛍光を発するか否か確認した。蛍光を発することを確認したコロニーを液体培地で培養後、大腸菌液からDNAを抽出し、塩基配列の決定を行った。
2個の発光するコロニーが得られ、これらのコロニーから、2つの蛍光タンパク質(1-29および1-41)のクローンを得た。また、1個の着色したコロニーが得られ、色素タンパク質のクローンを得た。BLASTで検索したところ、2つの蛍光タンパク質は新規のタンパク質であった。一方、色素タンパク質は既知のタンパク質であった。
(材料および方法)
<大腸菌発現用ベクターの作製>
1-29のDNAは、配列番号12のforward primerおよび配列番号13のreverse primerを用いたPCRにより増幅した。また、1-41のDNAを、配列番号14のforward primerおよび配列番号15のreverse primerを用いたPCRにより増幅した。それぞれのPCRによって得られた、N末端にKpnIサイトを付加し、C末端にEcoRIサイトを付加したDNA断片を、大腸菌用発現ベクターpRSET(Invitrogen)に挿入し、大腸菌発現用のプラスミドDNAを得た。
大腸菌株JM109(DE3)(Promega)にヒートショック法によって上述の大腸菌発現用のプラスミドDNAを導入し、アンピシリンを含むLB固体培地のプレートに播種してコロニーを得た。得られたコロニーをLB液体培地に植菌し、室温で3日間培養した。培養後に、遠心機を用いて遠心をして大腸菌の菌体を回収した。続いて大腸菌の菌体を凍結融解法で破砕し、破砕液を遠心機を用いて遠心分離し上清を得た。上清をNi-NTAカラムを用いてHis-tag精製した。次にSephadex G-25カラムを用いてバッファー交換を行った。
BSA(bovine serum albumin)を標準液としてブラッドフォード法によって測定した。
(材料および方法)
<吸収スペクトル、蛍光スペクトルおよび量子収率の測定>
1-29および1-41タンパク質の蛍光特性について分析するため、吸収スペクトル、蛍光スペクトルおよび量子収率の測定を行った。
図1は、1-29および1-41タンパク質の蛍光特性を示す図である。
(材料および方法)
<変異導入による1-29改変体および1-41改変体の作製、1-29改変体および1-41改変体の大腸菌発現用ベクターの作製、大腸菌における発現、培養およびタンパク質の精製>
単量体化した改変体を得ることを目指し、上述の2.において得られた野生体の1-29および1-41の大腸菌発現用ベクターを鋳型とし、1-29および1-41にrandom mutagenesis法およびpoint mutation法を用いてランダムに変異を導入し、複数の1-29改変体および1-41改変体を得た。それぞれの改変体について、2.に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、大腸菌発現用ベクターによる大腸菌における発現、培養およびタンパク質の精製を行った。
図2は、単量体化した改変体の大腸菌における発現および蛍光特性を示した図である。図2の(a)は改変体のタンパク質を、Pseud-Native-PAGE電気泳動により電気泳動したゲルを、UVトランスイルミネーターによってUV照射して観察した図である。
最大励起波長(nm):574
最大蛍光波長(nm):598(赤色)
モル吸光係数(M-1cm-1):49500
量子収率(%):66(pH7.4)
蛍光寿命(ナノ秒):
pH感受性:pH6以上、特にpH6~11で蛍光強度は安定し、感受性は無い。
最大励起波長(nm):573
最大蛍光波長(nm):594(赤色)
モル吸光係数(M-1cm-1):60300
量子収率(%):68(pH7.4)
蛍光寿命(ナノ秒):
pH感受性:pH6以上、特にpH6~11で蛍光強度は安定し、感受性は無い。
最大励起波長(nm):573
最大蛍光波長(nm):610(赤色)
モル吸光係数(M-1cm-1):44100
量子収率(%):73(pH7.4)
蛍光寿命(ナノ秒):
pH感受性:pH6以上、特にpH6~11で蛍光強度は安定し、感受性は無い。
(材料および方法)
<1-29および1-41改変体タンパク質の吸収スペクトル、蛍光スペクトルおよび量子収率の測定>
単量体化した1-29および1-41改変体タンパク質の蛍光特性について分析するため、吸収スペクトル、蛍光スペクトルおよび量子収率の測定を行った。
また、SynergyMx(BioTek)を用いて、50mMのHEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)に2μMとなるようにタンパク質を懸濁させて蛍光スペクトルを測定した。さらに、絶対PL量子収率測定装置(浜松ホトニクス)を用い、50mMのHEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)に2μMとなるようにタンパク質を懸濁させて量子収率を測定した。また、公知の蛍光タンパク質であるmStrawberryおよびTagRFPについても同様に測定を行い、1-29および1-41改変体の値と比較した。なお、TagRFPは525nmの吸収値が0.1になるように調整し、それ以外では540nmの吸収値が0.1になるように調整した。結果を図2中の(b)および図3に示す。また、得られた測定結果について、表2にまとめた。
図2は、単量体化した改変体の大腸菌における発現および蛍光特性を示した図である。図2の(b)は、単量体化した2つのクローン(9-2Bおよび10-3)について、蛍光特性を示した図である。上は、単量体化した2つのクローンそれぞれについて、吸収スペクトルを示す。下は単量体化した2つのクローンそれぞれについて、励起スペクトル(EX)および蛍光スペクトル(EM)を示す。なお、励起スペクトルの蛍光強度は、検出光の波長を640nmに固定したときの値を示し、2つの蛍光スペクトルはそれぞれ励起光の波長を540nm(上のスペクトル)および380nmとしたとき(下のスペクトル)の値を示している。
(材料および方法)
1-29および1-41単量体化改変体の精製タンパク質を50mMのCH3COONa-CH3COOH(pH4.0およびpH5.0)、50mMのKH2PO4-NaOH(pH6.0)、50mMのHEPES-NaOH(pH7.0)、50mMのTricine-NaOH(pH8.0)、50mMのGlycine-NaOH(pH9.およびpH10.0)、50mMのNa2HPO4-NaOH(pH11.0)中で、SynergyMx(Biotek)を用いて蛍光強度を測定し、得られた測定値のうち最も高い数値によって標準化した。
図4は、単量体化した3つの改変体における蛍光強度のpH感受性を示す。
(材料および方法)
HeLa細胞に9-2B、9-4、10-3、mStrawberryおよびTagRFPの遺伝子をLipofectamine 2000 reagent(Invitrogen)を用いてそれぞれ導入し、1日後に蛍光顕微鏡を用いて細胞を観察した(対物レンズ:UplanSApo×60、励起:562nm/40、蛍光:624nm/40、ダイクロイックミラー:601nm、ND:1%、経過時間:3分毎)。それぞれの細胞に同じ条件で励起光を照射し続け、退色を調べた。結果を図5Aおよび図5Bに示す。
図5Aおよび図5Bは、単量体化した3つの改変体の蛍光の安定性を示した図(図5A)とグラフ(図5B)である。
(材料および方法)
上述の2.において得られた野生体の1-29および1-41の大腸菌発現用ベクターを鋳型とし、1-29および1-41に、4.に記載の方法と同様に、random mutagenesis法およびpoint mutation法を用いてランダムに変異を導入し、複数の1-29改変体および1-41改変体を得た。それぞれの改変体について、2.に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、大腸菌発現用ベクターによる大腸菌における発現、培養およびタンパク質の精製を行った。それぞれの改変体のタンパク質について、5.に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、吸収スペクトル、蛍光スペクトルおよび量子収率の測定を行った。結果を図6に示す。
図6は、2つの改変体の蛍光波長のシフトを示した図である。
<変異導入による1-41改変体の作製、1-41改変体の大腸菌発現用ベクターの作製、大腸菌における発現、培養およびタンパク質の精製>
上述の〔2.〕において得られた野生体の1-41タンパク質の大腸菌発現用ベクターを鋳型として、random mutagenesis法およびpoint mutation法を用いてランダムに変異を導入し、複数の1-41改変体を得た。それぞれの改変体について、上述の〔2.〕に記載の方法と同様の方法を用いて、大腸菌発現用ベクターによる大腸菌における発現、培養およびタンパク質の精製を行った。
(材料および方法)
<mAzaleaの吸収スペクトル、蛍光スペクトルおよび量子収率の測定>
上述の〔9.〕で得たmAzaleaの蛍光特性について分析するため、吸収スペクトル、蛍光スペクトルおよび量子収率の測定を行った。
図7は、mAzaleaの蛍光特性を示した図である。図中の上のグラフは、mAzaleaの吸収スペクトルを示す。図中の下の二つのグラフは、mAzaleaの励起スペクトル(ex640:点線で示す)および蛍光スペクトル(em540, em470:実線で示す)を示す。なお、励起スペクトルの蛍光強度は、検出光の波長を640nmに固定したときの値を示し、2つの蛍光スペクトル(em540, em470)はそれぞれ励起光の波長を540nmおよび470nmとしたときの値を示す。
最大励起波長(nm):574
最大蛍光波長(nm):598(赤色)
モル吸光係数(M-1cm-1):103200
量子収率(%):49
pH感受性:pH5以上で9以下の範囲内、特にpH6~8の範囲内で蛍光強度は安定し、感受性は無い。pH5未満かpH9を超える場合、蛍光強度は大きく減少する。 〔11.mAzaleaのpH感受性の分析〕
(材料および方法)
mAzaleaの精製タンパク質を50mMのCH3COONa-CH3COOH(pH4.0およびpH5.0)、50mMのKH2PO4-NaOH(pH6.0)、50mMのHEPES-NaOH(pH7.0)、50mMのTricine-NaOH(pH8.0)、50mMのGlycine-NaOH(pH9.0およびpH10.0)、および、50mMのNa2HPO4-NaOH(pH11.0)中で、SynergyMx(Biotek)を用いて蛍光強度を測定し、得られた測定値のうち最も高い数値によって標準化した。また、分光光度計(日立ハイテク)を用いて吸収スペクトルも測定した。
図8は、mAzaleaにおける蛍光強度のpH感受性を示す。図中の上の二つのグラフは、様々なpH条件下における、mAzaleaの励起スペクトル(ex640)および蛍光スペクトル(em540)を示す。なお、励起スペクトルの蛍光強度は、検出光の波長を640nmに固定したときの値を示し、蛍光スペクトル(em540)は励起光の波長を540nmとしたときの値を示す。
(材料および方法)
HeLa細胞に、mAzalea、mRuby2(Kredel et al., 2009 PLoS ONE)、mCherryおよびTagRFP-Tの遺伝子をLipofectamine 2000 reagentを用いてそれぞれトランスフェクションした。トランスフェクションの1日後に、細胞固定を行った場合と、細胞固定を行わなかった場合のそれぞれの光安定性を調べた。なお、測定の条件は以下の通りである。
<細胞固定を行った場合>
固定方法:トランスフェクションの1日後に4%PFAで30分氷上にて固定;バッファ:10mM HEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)含有HBSS;CCDカメラ:DP30(オリンパス社製);蛍光フィルターキューブ:U-MPFP HQ(オリンパス社製)(励起が535-555nm(BP535-555HQ)、ダイクロイックミラーが565nm(DM565HQ)、蛍光が570-625nm(BA570-625HQ);対物レンズ:×40 UplanFL N;NDフィルタ:25%;ビニング:2(mcherryのみ、1秒);露出時間:15ミリ秒(mcherryのみ、30ミリ秒);照射間隔:1分、
<細胞固定を行っていない場合>
バッファ:DMEM/F-12(Gibco社製);CCDカメラ:DP30(オリンパス社製);蛍光フィルターキューブ:U-MPFP HQ(オリンパス社製);対物レンズ:×40 UplanFL N;NDフィルタ:25%;ビニング:2;露出時間:40ミリ秒(mcherryとTafRFPは30ミリ秒、mRubyは25ミリ秒);照射間隔:1分。
図9は、mAzalea、mRuby2、mCherryおよびTagRFP-Tの蛍光の安定性を示した図である。図中の左側が細胞固定を行った場合の結果であり、右側が細胞固定を行っていない場合の結果である。この結果から、mAzaleaの蛍光安定性は、mRuby2より優れ、その他の蛍光タンパク質と比較しても遜色がないことが判る。
HeLa細胞を用いて、そのサイトゾル(図10の左側)、原形質膜(図10の右側)、小胞体(図11)、αチューブリンを含む器官(図12)、並びに、βアクチンを含む器官(図13)における、mAzaleaの発現を解析した。HeLa細胞は、Lipofectamine 2000 reagent(Invitrogen)を用いてそれぞれトランスフェクションし、1日後に蛍光顕微鏡を用いて細胞を観察した。トランスフェクションに用いた遺伝子コンストラクトは、mAzalea遺伝子(図10の左側)、Lyn-mAzalea/pcDNA3(図10の右側)であり、そして、図11~図13については、mAzalea、mRuby2、およびmCherryの遺伝子(図中でFPと示す)をそれぞれ含む複数の遺伝子コンストラクトを用いた。Lyn-mAzalea/pcDNA3は、膜結合性であるLynの配列とmAzalea遺伝子とを連結した遺伝子コンストラクトである。なお、図11に対応する遺伝子コンストラクトは、カルレティキュリン-FP(蛍光タンパク質)-KDELをこの順に連結したもので、図12に対応する遺伝子コンストラクトは、FP(蛍光タンパク質)とαチューブリンとをリンカー(GGGGS)×3で連結したもので、図13に対応する遺伝子コンストラクトは、FP(蛍光タンパク質)とβアクチンとをリンカー(GGGGS)×3で連結したものである。
<サイトゾルの観察>
バッファ:DMEM/F-12(Gibco社製);CCDカメラ:DP30(オリンパス社製);蛍光フィルターキューブ:U-MPFP HQ(オリンパス社製);対物レンズ:×40 UplanFL N;NDフィルタ:25%;ビニング:2;露出時間:35ミリ秒
<原形質膜の観察>
バッファ:10mM HEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)含有HBSS;CCDカメラ:DP30(オリンパス社製);蛍光フィルターキューブ:U-MPFP HQ(オリンパス社製);対物レンズ:×40 UplanFL N;NDフィルタ:10%;ビニング:2;露出時間:400ミリ秒
<小胞体の観察>
顕微鏡:FV1000(オリンパス社製);対物レンズ:×60 UplanApo W/IR;スキャン速度:2.0μ秒/ピクセル;C.A.:130μm;Kalman:line、×2;レーザー:543nm;蛍光:560-660nm
<αチューブリンを含む器官の観察>
顕微鏡:FV1000(オリンパス社製);対物レンズ:×60 UplanApo W/IR;スキャン速度:4.0μ秒/ピクセル;C.A.:120μm;Kalman:line、×4;レーザー:543nm;蛍光:560-660nm
<βアクチンを含む器官の観察>
顕微鏡:FV1000(オリンパス社製);対物レンズ:×60 UplanApo W/IR;スキャン速度:2.0μ秒/ピクセル;C.A.:130μm;Kalman:line、×2;レーザー:543nm;蛍光:560-660nm
(結果)
図10~図13に示すように、mAzaleaは、HeLa細胞中の標的とした箇所に局在的に発現する蛍光マーカーとして機能することがわかった。
次にmAzaleaの光り始める早さをmCherryの場合と比較した。HeLa細胞(HeLa S3)に、mAzaleaおよびmCherryの遺伝子をそれぞれトランスフェクションした。次いで、このHeLa細胞を、6時間、12時間、18時間培養した時点での蛍光発光を調べた。図14に結果を示すように、mAzaleaの光り始める早さは、mCherryとほぼ同等であった。
HeLa細胞の培養条件:培地は10% FBSを添加したDMEM培地。培養条件は、顕微鏡用培養装置FV10iを用いて、37℃で5%濃度の二酸化炭素存在下。
蛍光発光の観察条件:
レーザ(Laser): 559nm_7.5%, PMT: 40%, em: 570-670nm, C. A.: 300um
対物レンズ(Obj): UPlanSApo 10×, スキャンスピード(Scan speed): 2μs/pixel
イメージサイズ(Image size): 512x 512, ズーム(Zoom): x1, Kalman: line x2
インターバル(Interval): 15min
〔15.mAzaleaに基づく改変体タンパクの作製とその解析〕
上述の〔9.〕欄で記載をしたmAzaleaのアミノ酸配列において、85番目のアミノ酸をイソロイシンからロイシンに置換し、176番目のアミノ酸をチロシンからメチオニンに置換した改変体タンパク質を作製し、これをmAzalea_B5と称した。なお、部位特異的なアミノ酸変異は、mAzaleaの遺伝子配列を鋳型として導入をした。mAzalea_B5のアミノ酸配列は、配列番号18に、遺伝子のコード領域の塩基配列は、配列番号19に示す。
(材料および方法)
mAzaleaおよびmAzalea_B5の精製タンパク質それぞれについて、50mMのCH3COONa-CH3COOH(pH4.0およびpH5.0)、50mMのKH2PO4-NaOH(pH6.0)、50mMのHEPES-NaOH(pH7.0)、50mMのTricine-NaOH(pH8.0)、50mMのGlycine-NaOH(pH9.0およびpH10.0)、50mMのNa2HPO4-NaOH(pH11.0)、および50mMの0.2M KCl-0.2M NaOH(pH12.0)中で、SynergyMx(Biotek)を用いて蛍光強度を測定し、得られた測定値のうち最も高い数値によって標準化した。また、分光光度計(日立ハイテク)を用いて吸収スペクトルも測定した。
図15の右側のグラフは、mAzaleaおよびmAzalea_B5に関する、様々なpH条件下における蛍光スペクトルを示す。なお、蛍光スペクトルは、mAzaleaについては励起光の波長を540nmに固定した時の598nmの値であり、mAzalea_B5については励起光の波長を540nmに固定した時の596nmの値である。
最大励起波長(nm):574
最大蛍光波長(nm):596(赤色)
モル吸光係数(M-1cm-1):103700
量子収率(%):58
mAzalea_B5は、pH5以上で9以下の範囲内、特にpH6~8の範囲内で、mAzaleaより一層、蛍光強度は安定し、感受性は無い。しかし、pH5未満かpH9を超える場合は、mAzalea_B5の蛍光強度等は大きく減少する。すなわち、mAzalea_B5は、pH感受性のある蛍光タンパク質として、pHセンサ、および、pH依存性スイッチ等として利用できる。
HeLa細胞に、mAzalea、およびmAzalea_B5の遺伝子をLipofectamine 2000 reagent(Invitrogen)を用いてそれぞれトランスフェクションし、1日後に蛍光顕微鏡を用いて細胞を観察した。
HeLa細胞を用いて、その小胞体における、mAzaleaおよびmAzalea_B5の発現を解析した。HeLa細胞は、Lipofectamine 2000 reagent(Invitrogen)を用いてそれぞれトランスフェクションし、1日後に蛍光顕微鏡を用いて細胞を観察した。トランスフェクションに用いた遺伝子コンストラクトは、カルレティキュリン-FP-KDELをこの順に連結したものであり、FPはmAzaleaまたはmAzalea_B5の遺伝子を示す。
(結果)
図17に示すように、mAzalea_B5は、mAzaleaより一層優れて、HeLa細胞中の小胞体に局在的に発現する蛍光マーカーとして機能することがわかった。
Claims (17)
- 以下の(1)~(4)の何れかに示す、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチド。
(1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチド、
(2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチド、
(3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有するポリペプチド、
(4)上記(1)に記載のポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドによってコードされるポリペプチド。 - 蛍光の量子収率Φが0.4以上である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 以下の(1)~(4)の何れかに記載のポリヌクレオチド。
(1)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、
(2)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列において1~34個のアミノ酸が置換、欠失、挿入、および/または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、
(3)配列番号1または2に記載のアミノ酸配列に対して85%以上の配列同一性を有し、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、
(4)上記(1)に記載のポリヌクレオチドと相補的な配列からなるポリヌクレオチドに対して、ストリンジェントな条件下においてハイブリダイズし、蛍光特性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。 - (a)発現宿主内で機能的な発現制御領域;および
(b)請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチド;
を含む、発現カセット。 - 請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチドまたは請求項4に記載の発現カセットを含むベクター。
- 請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチド、請求項4に記載の発現カセットまたは請求項5に記載のベクターを含む形質転換体。
- 非ヒトトランスジェニック生物である、請求項6に記載の形質転換体。
- 請求項1または2に記載のポリペプチドと他のポリペプチドとからなる融合ポリペプチド。
- 蛍光観察の方法であって、
請求項1または2に記載のポリペプチド、あるいは請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを細胞において産生させる産生工程と、当該ポリペプチドまたは融合ポリペプチドに由来する蛍光を観察する観察工程とを含む、方法。 - 細胞において1以上の目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する1以上の試験物質の作用を評価する方法であって、
i)第一の目的遺伝子と融合されていてもよい請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸分子であって、第一の発現制御配列の制御下におかれるように当該発現制御配列と作動可能に連結された第一の核酸分子を、細胞内に導入する導入工程、
ii)導入工程を経た上記細胞を上記試験物質の存在下および不在下で培養する培養工程、
iii)上記細胞における蛍光発光を検出する蛍光検出工程、および
iv)試験物質の存在下および不在下で得られた、上記細胞における蛍光発光を比較して、上記目的遺伝子の発現および/または局在性に対する試験物質の作用を評価する評価工程、を含む、方法。 - 上記導入工程において、さらに、
上記第一の核酸分子とは異なる蛍光ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸分子であって、第二の発現制御配列の制御下におかれるように当該発現制御配列と作動可能に連結された第二の核酸分子を、上記細胞内に導入する、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチドの全体または一部を細胞中に含む形質転換体を作製する方法であって、
請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチド、請求項4に記載の発現カセットまたは請求項5に記載のベクターを細胞に導入する工程を含む、方法。 - 請求項12に記載の方法で得られた形質転換体またはその子孫。
- 請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチドの全体または一部を細胞中に含む非ヒトトランスジェニック生物を作製する方法であって、
請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチド、請求項4に記載の発現カセットまたは請求項5に記載のベクターを、ドナー細胞から採取した受精卵に導入する工程を含む、方法。 - 請求項14に記載の方法で得られた非ヒトトランスジェニック生物またはその子孫。
- 請求項15に記載の非ヒトトランスジェニック生物またはその子孫より細胞を採取し、該細胞に初期化因子を導入して多能性幹細胞を作製する方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載のポリペプチド、請求項3に記載のポリヌクレオチド、請求項4に記載の発現カセット、請求項5に記載のベクター、請求項6または7に記載の形質転換体、あるいは請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを含む、キット。
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