WO2015019863A1 - 熱式質量流量計及び質量流量制御装置 - Google Patents
熱式質量流量計及び質量流量制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015019863A1 WO2015019863A1 PCT/JP2014/069641 JP2014069641W WO2015019863A1 WO 2015019863 A1 WO2015019863 A1 WO 2015019863A1 JP 2014069641 W JP2014069641 W JP 2014069641W WO 2015019863 A1 WO2015019863 A1 WO 2015019863A1
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- welding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
- G01F1/69—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
- B23K11/163—Welding of coated materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
- B23K11/18—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded of non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
- B23K11/20—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded of different metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/34—Preliminary treatment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6847—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow where sensing or heating elements are not disturbing the fluid flow, e.g. elements mounted outside the flow duct
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
- H01R4/023—Soldered or welded connections between cables or wires and terminals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/38—Conductors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal mass flow meter used to measure a mass flow rate of a fluid and a mass flow controller incorporating the thermal mass flow meter.
- Mass flow controllers are widely used to control the supply amount of process gas supplied into a chamber in a semiconductor manufacturing process.
- the mass flow controller includes a mass flow meter that monitors mass flow, a control valve that controls mass flow, and a control circuit.
- mass flowmeters There are various types of mass flowmeters, among which the thermal mass flowmeter is characterized in that, in principle, the mass flow can be measured accurately. For this reason, thermal mass flowmeters are widely used as mass flowmeters used by being incorporated in a mass flow controller.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a sensor unit of a thermal mass flowmeter.
- the sensor unit 1 of the thermal mass flow meter includes a sensor tube 2 in which the fluid flows, an upstream heater element 3 and a downstream heater element 4 formed of a heating resistance wire provided on the outer periphery of the sensor tube 2, and heat generation.
- the ends of the resistance wire are constituted by a plurality of welding terminals 5 electrically connected by spot welding.
- the heat applied to the fluid also moves from the upstream side to the downstream side accordingly, so the temperature distribution of the sensor unit 1 changes, and the upstream heater element 3 And the electric resistance of the downstream heater element 4 changes.
- the mass flow rate of the fluid flowing inside the sensor tube 2 can be detected.
- the end portions of the heat generating resistive wires constituting the upstream heater element 3 and the downstream heater element 4 are electrically connected to the surfaces of the plurality of welding terminals 5 by spot welding.
- the welding terminal 5 is further electrically connected to a conducting wire 7 for supplying a current to the upstream heater element 3 and the downstream heater element 4 and measuring a change in electrical resistance value.
- the welding terminal 5 functions as an input / output terminal for supplying current to the upstream heater element 3 and the downstream heater element 4 or measuring a change in electric resistance value.
- phosphor bronze or the like which is easy to process and has high electrical conductivity is used for the welding terminal 5.
- welding terminals used for general electrical connection there are conventionally known configurations of welding terminals that can stably make electrical connection by spot welding.
- a pressing plate is used to press the welding terminal against the conductor with a constant pressing force, and the excessive current is
- the welding terminal used in this method is a nickel bronze plating of 1.5 ⁇ m thick as a base layer on the surface of a base material made of phosphor bronze and a gold plating of 1 ⁇ m thick thereon. is there.
- Patent Document 2 when welding is performed to a 42-alloy lead frame by spot-welding a welding terminal on which a brass base material is plated with nickel as a base layer and on which tin plating is applied.
- a welding terminal on which a brass base material is plated with nickel as a base layer and on which tin plating is applied.
- an Fe (iron) -Ni (nickel) alloy wire can be suitably used as a heating resistance wire constituting the upstream heater element 3 and the downstream heater element 4 of the thermal mass flow meter.
- Fe-Ni alloy wire is spot-welded to a welding terminal made of, for example, phosphor bronze, it is difficult to find welding conditions that can perform appropriate welding even when trying to optimize the welding conditions of spot welding.
- the heating resistance wire is pulled due to insufficient connection, there is a possibility that the welding terminal may be easily peeled off.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is a thermal mass flowmeter which can stably perform spot welding of a heating resistance wire and is constituted by a welding terminal which is unlikely to cause welding with an electrode.
- the purpose is to provide
- the heating resistance wire using the Fe-Ni alloy wire and the welding terminal made of phosphor bronze have a large difference between the melting point of the material and the heat capacity due to the difference in their sizes. It was suggested that it was difficult to melt in a well-balanced manner to form a fused part.
- the inventor of the present invention impairs the stability of spot welding with an Fe-Ni alloy wire by providing a covering layer on the surface of the welding terminal. It has been found that welding with the electrode can be prevented without having to complete the present invention.
- the present invention is a thermal mass flow meter having the sensor unit of the above configuration, wherein the welding terminal is made of metal or alloy having a melting point whose temperature difference with the melting point of the heating resistance wire does not exceed 100 ° C. And, it is an invention of a thermal mass flowmeter characterized in that one or two or more coating layers are provided on the surface of the welding terminal. Furthermore, the present invention is an invention of a mass flow controller comprising the above-mentioned thermal mass flowmeter.
- thermal mass flow meter According to the configuration of the thermal mass flow meter according to the present invention, spot welding between the end portion of the heat generating resistance wire and the welding terminal can be stably performed. Therefore, the reliability between the heat generating resistance wire and the welding terminal Thus, the reliability of the thermal mass flow meter and the mass flow control device incorporating it can be enhanced.
- spot welding is a form of resistance welding, in which two metal members to be welded are sandwiched between two opposing electrodes and electricity is applied while applying pressure to the electrodes.
- This is a welding method in which the contact portion between the two members is melted by resistance heat, and then the current flow is stopped to cool and solidify to form a connection portion called nugget.
- nugget formation is common to general spot welding in that thin wires are welded to the surface of plate-like welding terminals. And the shape is different.
- FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B and FIG. 2C are schematic diagrams showing the example of application of spot welding with the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal in the present invention.
- the end of the heating resistance wire of the upstream heater element 3 or the downstream heater element 4 is set on the surface of the welding terminal 5 (FIG. 2A).
- the end of the welding terminal 5 and the heating resistance wire is sandwiched between the tips of the upper and lower two electrodes 8 using a foot lever or the like, and current is applied between the electrodes 8 while applying pressure.
- the contact resistance is large at the portion where the end of the heating resistance wire is in contact with the tip of the upper electrode 8 and the surface of the welding terminal 5, these members are heated by resistance heat (FIG. 2B).
- FIG. 3 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing an example of application of spot welding of a heating resistance wire and a welding terminal.
- the raised part at the center of the photograph is the nugget formed on the surface of the welding terminal.
- the end of the heating resistance wire extended from the upper side of the photograph is welded while maintaining its shape.
- spot welding of a heating resistance wire and a welding terminal if the heating resistance wire is heated to such an extent that it melts to the center of the heating resistance wire, the heating resistance wire will burn out. It is necessary to carry out heating under welding conditions in which only a part is melted. When the diameter of the heating resistance wire is small, finding such appropriate welding conditions is generally difficult.
- the welding conditions in spot welding can be controlled by changing the conduction time, current value, pressure and the like of spot welding.
- Fe-Ni alloy wire for the heating resistance wire that constitutes the upstream heater element 3 and the downstream heater element 4.
- the reason why Fe-Ni alloy wire is preferable is that it is excellent in oxidation resistance at high temperature, has a relatively large temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, and has a small thermal expansion coefficient so that internal stress is unlikely to occur even if the temperature changes. It is. If the composition range of the Fe-Ni alloy wire is less than 30 mass% of Ni, the oxidation resistance at high temperature is inferior, and if it exceeds 80 mass%, the thermal expansion coefficient becomes large and internal stress is easily generated.
- Ni is 30% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, and the balance is Fe.
- the Ni content is more preferably 60% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less.
- Ni is more preferably 30% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less.
- the Fe-Ni alloy wire in which Ni is 70% by mass and the balance is Fe is balanced in all points, and is suitable as a material of the heating resistance wire. Since the heating resistance wire needs to be wound around the outer periphery of the sensor tube in a coil shape, it is preferable to cover the surface with an insulating film.
- the insulating film used for the coating for example, a film of a polyimide resin excellent in heat resistance is preferable.
- the wire diameter of the heating resistance wire is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- a more preferable range of the wire diameter is 10 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the material constituting the welding terminal is a metal or an alloy having a melting point at which the temperature difference ⁇ T with the melting point of the heating resistance wire does not exceed 100 ° C. If ⁇ T exceeds 100 ° C., the heating resistance wire can not be properly welded to the surface of the welding terminal regardless of how the welding conditions of spot welding are changed.
- the heating resistance wire will burn out, and conversely, if the welding conditions are adjusted in the direction of heating less, the connection resistance between the heating resistance and the welding terminal It weakens and easily peels off. For this reason, it is not possible to find welding conditions for connecting the welding wire with the welding terminal with sufficient strength without burning the heating resistance wire.
- the heat capacities of the two differ extremely due to the difference in the shape of the members to be welded. Therefore, it is presumed that the heat balance at the time of heating and heat radiation is poor, and the heating resistance wire with a small heat capacity tends to be more excessively heated. Therefore, in the present invention, it is assumed that the temperature difference ⁇ T of the melting point does not exceed 100 ° C.
- the upper limit of the more preferable temperature difference ⁇ T is 50 ° C.
- the same alloy system is selected as the material forming the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal, or the same alloy system is selected as close as possible. It is preferable to do.
- the same alloy system Fe-Ni alloy as the material constituting the welding terminal.
- the temperature of the liquidus line of the binary phase diagram is in the range of 1450 ° C. ⁇ 25 ° C. in the region of 30% by mass to 80% by mass of Ni, so the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal
- the size of .DELTA.T can be made 50.degree. C.
- Fe-Ni alloy is selected as the material of the welding terminal, for example, it is preferable to select 42 alloy containing 42% by mass of Ni and the balance being Fe.
- the 42 alloy is relatively easy to spot weld with Fe—Ni alloy wire, and has the advantage of being widely used as a material for lead frames and relatively easy to obtain.
- the coating layer of the welding terminal which is the feature of the present invention will be described. If spot welding is performed by selecting a material whose difference in melting point ⁇ T between the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal does not exceed 100 ° C., good welding can be performed between the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal as described above. However, at almost the same time as the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal are welded, resistance heating is also performed between the surface opposite to the surface on which the welding terminal is to be welded and the surface of the electrode pressed there. As a result, a part of the surface of the welding terminal is melted to contaminate the electrode, or welding occurs between the two.
- one or more coating layers are provided on the surface of the welding terminal in order to prevent the above-mentioned undesirable welding.
- the covering layer is repelled as spotting of welding between plates as an obstacle to welding, and for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, the covering layer at the welding site is intentionally removed before welding to expose the base material. May be preferred.
- the covering layer provided on the surface of the welding terminal does not prevent the spot welding but rather prevents the undesirable welding with the electrode. It exerts an effect unique to the present invention.
- the reason for this is not clear, by providing the covering layer on the surface of the welding terminal, the electrical resistance value between the welding terminal and the electrode is stabilized compared to the case without the covering layer, and between the welding terminal and the electrode It is thought that the occurrence of sparks and welding are less likely to occur.
- Cu (copper) or Au (gold) which does not have a very high melting point and is excellent in electrical conductivity as a material which constitutes the coating layer of the welding terminal. Since Cu and Au have excellent electrical conductivity, the contact resistance between the welding terminal and the electrode can be reduced to effectively prevent welding. Further, by reducing the electric resistance of the welding terminal itself to prevent heat generation, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the thermal flowmeter or to reduce the power consumption. Furthermore, Cu and Au have a melting point higher than that of Sn (tin), which is often used as a covering layer, and therefore have the advantage that whisker formation at high temperatures which is often observed when using Sn in the covering layer is less likely to occur. There is also.
- the coating layer of Au is extremely excellent in oxidation resistance, no oxide is formed on the surface, and the contact resistance can be kept low stably, and the effect of preventing welding between the welding terminal and the electrode, or welding terminal It is more preferable because the effect of securing the wettability of the solder when soldering the lead wire is particularly excellent.
- the thickness of the coating layer of the welding terminal is thinner than 0.05 ⁇ m, the effect of preventing welding can not be obtained, and if it exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, the welding with the heating resistance wire is hindered, 0 ⁇ m or less is preferable.
- a more preferable thickness is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the covering layer may be provided as a single layer, but for the purpose of enhancing the adhesion with the surface of the welding terminal, a base covering layer may be provided first on the surface of the welding terminal and a surface covering layer may be further provided on the surface.
- a Ni coating layer is first provided as a base coating layer between a 42 alloy welding terminal and an Au coating layer
- adhesion is better than when an Au coating layer is provided directly on the surface of the welding terminal. It is preferable because it increases.
- the thickness of the undercoating layer is thinner than 0.05 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the adhesion can not be obtained, and if it exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, welding with the heating resistance wire is impeded.
- 5.0 ⁇ m or less are preferable.
- the thickness of the entire coating layer exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, welding with the heating resistance wire is hindered, so the thickness of the entire coating layer is 5.0 ⁇ m or less It is preferable to
- the covering layer may be provided on the entire surface of the welding terminal, and may be provided on a part of the welding terminal if this is possible. Since the covering layer is provided for the purpose of preventing welding between the welding terminal and the electrode, when the covering layer is provided on a part of the welding terminal, the covering layer is at least a portion of the surface of the welding terminal which is in direct contact with the electrode. Need to be established.
- known means such as electrolytic plating, electroless plating, sputtering, vapor deposition and the like can be used.
- electrolytic plating When providing a coating layer on the whole surface of a welding terminal, it is preferred to use electrolytic plating from a viewpoint of work efficiency, homogeneity of a coating layer, adhesiveness, etc.
- means such as sputtering or vapor deposition.
- the shape of the welding terminal is not particularly limited, it is generally preferable to use a flat plate processed into a predetermined shape. By making the shape into a flat plate, sandwiching by the upper and lower electrodes in spot welding can be reliably performed.
- the nugget in spot welding is generally formed on the flat portion of the welding terminal, and the end of the heating wire is electrically connected to the surface of the nugget.
- the welding terminal can be provided with a protrusion for facilitating the combination with other members or for achieving the electrical connection with the lead wire, as needed.
- FIG. 4 shows the example of the shape of the welding terminal which provided the protrusion part in the both ends which bent and produced the flat plate and produced it.
- the shorter protrusion 10 b is inserted into the hole provided in the mold 6 shown in FIG. 1 and has a function of fixing the welding terminal to the mold 6. Further, the long protrusion 10a is inserted into another hole provided in the mold 6, and the lead 7 is electrically connected to the tip by soldering.
- a plurality of necessary numbers may be prepared according to the number of sensor elements. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 1, a total of four welding terminals are used, one for each of the end portions of the heating resistance wire of the upstream heater element 3 and the downstream heater element 4. This is to ensure spot welding at the end of each heating resistance wire. Depending on the configuration of the electric circuit, the ends of a plurality of heat generating resistance wires may be spot welded to one welding terminal, whereby the number of welding terminals per thermal mass flowmeter can be reduced. .
- spot welding machines such as table-top type spot welding machines, foot type spot welding machines or pneumatic spot welding machines can be used as an apparatus for carrying out spot welding.
- a round bar-shaped electrode having a diameter of about 10 mm using tungsten or the like can be used.
- the welding time is 2 to 10 cycles
- the pressure is 10 to 50 kg
- the current is about 2 to 10 kA.
- the welding condition can be established such that sufficient connection strength can be obtained by means such as checking whether the heating resistance wire after welding is peeled off by hand while changing the welding conditions. be able to.
- a plate made of 42 alloy having a thickness of 0.3 mm was processed to prepare a material of a welding terminal having a shape shown in FIG.
- the entire surface of the obtained material is first subjected to electrolytic nickel plating with a thickness of 3.0 ⁇ m and then electrolytic gold plating with a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m, thereby forming a coating composed of two layers of nickel and gold.
- a 42 alloy welding terminal having a layer was prepared.
- an Fe-Ni alloy wire (70 mass% of Ni, the balance of which is Fe) having a wire diameter of 15 ⁇ m and an insulating film of polyimide resin was prepared.
- the melting point of the material of the prepared welding terminal is 1450 ° C.
- the melting point of the heat-generating resistance wire is 1440 ° C. Therefore, the temperature difference ⁇ T between them was 10 ° C.
- the prepared heating resistance wire was wound at two places on the outer periphery of the sensor tube to form an upstream heater element and a downstream heater element. Then, set the prepared welding terminal in a foot type spot welding machine, set the end of the heating resistance wire parallel to the surface, and then sandwich the welding terminal and the heating resistance wire between the upper and lower tungsten electrodes, Pressure was applied with the foot lever. Then, spot welding was carried out by conducting current of 4.0 kA between the electrodes and conducting for 2 cycles. When the pressure between the electrodes was released after spot welding, the welding terminal could be easily removed from the electrodes. The tip of the tungsten electrode after the removal of the welding terminal was clean, and no adhesion of the melt or the like of the welding terminal was observed.
- the welding conditions were changed in order to prevent welding between the welding terminal and the electrode.
- the welding current between the welding terminal and the electrode can be prevented to a certain extent by reducing the current value between the electrodes, the welding strength between the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal is lowered, and the heating resistance wire is manually pulled after spot welding. And easily peeled off.
- welding between the welding terminal and the electrode became stronger as the current value between the electrodes was increased. Therefore, it has not been possible to find suitable welding conditions capable of spot welding the heating resistance wire and the welding terminal while preventing welding between the welding terminal and the electrode.
- a plate material made of phosphor bronze having a thickness of 0.3 mm was processed to prepare a material of a welding terminal having a shape shown in FIG.
- the entire surface of the obtained material is first subjected to electrolytic nickel plating with a thickness of 3.0 ⁇ m, and then electrolytic gold plating with a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m, to form a coating composed of two layers of nickel and gold.
- a phosphor bronze welding terminal having a layer was prepared.
- an Fe-Ni alloy wire 70 mass% of Ni, the balance of which is Fe having a wire diameter of 15 ⁇ m and an insulating film of polyimide resin was prepared.
- the melting point of the material of the prepared welding terminal is 980 ° C.
- the melting point of the heat-generating resistance wire is 1440 ° C. Therefore, the temperature difference ⁇ T between them was 460 ° C.
Abstract
Description
さらに、本発明は、上記の熱式質量流量計を有することを特徴とする質量流量制御装置の発明である。
また、発熱抵抗線として、線径が15μmでポリイミド樹脂の絶縁被膜を有するFe-Ni合金線(Niが70質量%、残部がFe)を準備した。
準備した溶接端子の素材の融点は1450℃であり、発熱抵抗線の融点は1440℃であるから、両者の温度差ΔTは10℃であった。
スポット溶接後に電極間の加圧力を緩めると、溶接端子は電極間から簡単に取り外すことができた。溶接端子を取り外した後のタングステン電極の先端は清浄で、溶接端子の溶融物等の付着は見られなかった。
上記の実施例と同じ溶接端子の素材を用いて、溶接端子の素材に被覆層を設けないで溶接端子として使用した他は上記の実施例と同じ条件で発熱抵抗線のスポット溶接を行った。
スポット溶接後に電極間の加圧力を緩めると、溶接端子の表面のうち溶接部の反対側の面が下側のタングステン電極の表面に溶着しており、簡単に取り外すことができなかった。ペンチを使って溶接端子を下側のタングステン電極から無理に剥がすと、溶接端子の表面の一部が電極の先端に溶着したままの状態で剥離し、表面が剥離された溶接端子には円形のくぼみが形成された。また、タングステン電極の先端に溶接端子の表面の一部が溶着したままだと次のスポット溶接を行うことができないので、溶着した溶接端子の一部をやすりを使って研削除去しなければならなかった。
厚さが0.3mmのリン青銅製の板材を加工して、図4に示す形状の溶接端子の素材を準備した。得られた素材の表面全体に、先ず厚さが3.0μmの電解ニッケルメッキを行い、次に厚さが0.2μmの電解金メッキを行うことにより、ニッケルと金の二層で構成された被覆層を有するリン青銅製の溶接端子を準備した。
また、発熱抵抗線として、線径が15μmでポリイミド樹脂の絶縁被膜を有するFe-Ni合金線(Niが70質量%、残部がFe)を準備した。
準備した溶接端子の素材の融点は980℃であり、発熱抵抗線の融点は1440℃であるから、両者の温度差ΔTは460℃であった。
2 センサチューブ
3 上流側ヒータエレメント
4 下流側ヒータエレメント
5 溶接端子
6 モールド
7 導線
8 電極
9 ナゲット
10a、10b 突出部
Claims (8)
- 流体が内部を流動するセンサチューブと、前記センサチューブの外周に設けられた発熱抵抗線でなる上流側ヒータエレメント及び下流側ヒータエレメントと、前記発熱抵抗線の端部がスポット溶接により電気的に接続された複数の溶接端子とを有する熱式質量流量計であって、
前記溶接端子は、前記発熱抵抗線の融点との温度差が100℃を超えない融点を有する金属又は合金でなり、
前記溶接端子の表面に1層又は2層以上の被覆層が設けられていること
を特徴とする熱式質量流量計。
- 前記端部は、前記溶接端子の一部分に接続されてあり、
前記被覆層は、少なくとも、前記一部分の裏側に位置する部分に設けられていること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱式質量流量計。
- 前記発熱抵抗線及び前記溶接端子の材料が、同一成分からなる合金であること
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の熱式質量流量計。
- 前記発熱抵抗線が5μm以上、100μm以下の線径を有するFe-Ni合金線でなること
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の熱式質量流量計。
- 前記溶接端子がFe-Ni合金でなること
を特徴とする請求項4に記載の熱式質量流量計。
- 前記被覆層のうち最も外側に位置する被覆層がCu又はAuでなること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の熱式質量流量計。
- 前記被覆層がNiで構成された下地被覆層とAuで構成された表面被覆層との二層で構成されていること
を特徴とする請求項6に記載の熱式質量流量計。
- 請求項1乃至7に記載の熱式質量流量計を有すること
を特徴とする質量流量制御装置。
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US14/908,415 US10041823B2 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2014-07-25 | Thermal mass flow meter and mass flow controller |
KR1020167005783A KR102176442B1 (ko) | 2013-08-09 | 2014-07-25 | 열식 질량 유량계, 질량 유량 제어 장치 및 열식 질량 유량계의 제조 방법 |
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US11293989B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2022-04-05 | Nec Corporation | Anomaly detection device, anomaly detection method, and recording medium |
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JP2017101955A (ja) | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | アズビル株式会社 | 測定装置及び測定装置の製造方法 |
CN106768113B (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-10-25 | 北京七星华创流量计有限公司 | 一种流体输送测量装置 |
US10845263B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2020-11-24 | Mks Instruments, Inc. | Thermal conductivity gauge |
FR3096452B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-22 | 2022-02-11 | Buerkert Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Ensemble de capteur de débit massique et procédé de fabrication d’un ensemble de capteur de débit massique |
CN110274649B (zh) * | 2019-06-13 | 2020-09-01 | 武汉大学 | 一种基于mems技术的热温差型流量传感器及其制备方法 |
DE102021106253A1 (de) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-09-15 | Alfmeier Präzision SE | Ventil, Ventilanordnung und System für eine Sitzkomfortfunktion |
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