WO2014208284A1 - 熱電変換層形成用組成物、熱電変換素子および熱電発電物品 - Google Patents

熱電変換層形成用組成物、熱電変換素子および熱電発電物品 Download PDF

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WO2014208284A1
WO2014208284A1 PCT/JP2014/064599 JP2014064599W WO2014208284A1 WO 2014208284 A1 WO2014208284 A1 WO 2014208284A1 JP 2014064599 W JP2014064599 W JP 2014064599W WO 2014208284 A1 WO2014208284 A1 WO 2014208284A1
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thermoelectric conversion
composition
conversion layer
ring
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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丸山　陽一
加納　丈嘉
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Fujifilm Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C01B19/002—Compounds containing, besides selenium or tellurium, more than one other element, with -O- and -OH not being considered as anions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/80—Constructional details
    • H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
    • H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
    • H10N10/852—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising tellurium, selenium or sulfur
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/80—Constructional details
    • H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
    • H10N10/856—Thermoelectric active materials comprising organic compositions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/80—Constructional details
    • H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
    • H10N10/857—Thermoelectric active materials comprising compositions changing continuously or discontinuously inside the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer, a thermoelectric conversion element using the composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer, and a thermoelectric power generation article.
  • thermoelectric conversion materials that can mutually convert thermal energy and electrical energy are used in thermoelectric conversion elements such as thermoelectric power generation elements and Peltier elements.
  • thermoelectric power generation using such thermoelectric conversion materials and thermoelectric conversion elements can directly convert heat energy into electric power, does not require moving parts, operates at body temperature, power supplies for remote areas, power supplies for space, etc. It is used for.
  • the performance index Z of the thermoelectric conversion material is represented by the following formula (A), and it is important to improve the thermoelectromotive force S and the conductivity ⁇ for improving the performance.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that “(A) a carbon nanotube, (B) a conductive polymer, and (C) a conductive composition containing an onium salt compound”. Is described. Patent Document 2 describes “(A) a carbon nanotube, (B) a conductive polymer, (C) an onium salt compound, and (D) a conductive composition containing a polymerizable compound”. Yes. Patent Document 3 discloses “(A) a carbon nanotube, (B) a conductive polymer, and (C) a conductive composition containing a compound that generates radicals upon irradiation with active energy rays or application of heat”. Is described. Patent Document 4 describes “a thermoelectric conversion material containing a conductive polymer, a carbon nanotube, and an onium salt compound and having a conductivity anisotropy of 1.5 to 10.”
  • thermoelectric characteristics when the present inventor has studied improvement of the thermoelectric conversion materials and the like described in Patent Documents 1 to 4, there is room for further improvement of the thermoelectromotive force S (hereinafter also referred to as “thermoelectric characteristics”). It was made clear.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer having excellent thermoelectric characteristics, and a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric power generation article using the composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer.
  • the present inventor contains inorganic particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and the mobility is 0.001 cm 2 // depending on the band gap value of the inorganic particles.
  • a carrier transport material satisfying at least one of Vs and a carrier density of 1 ⁇ E10 to 1 ⁇ E21 cm ⁇ 3 , or a thermal excitation source material satisfying a band gap of 1.5 eV or less.
  • the present inventors have found that a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric power generation article having excellent characteristics can be produced, and completed the present invention. That is, the present inventor has found that the above problem can be solved by the following configuration.
  • thermoelectric conversion layer forming composition containing inorganic particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and when the band gap of the inorganic particles is 1.5 eV or less, the mobility is 0.001 cm 2 / Vs.
  • the carrier transport material satisfying at least one of the above and the carrier density of 1E10 to 1E21 cm ⁇ 3 is included and the band gap of the inorganic particles is more than 1.5 eV, the organic material satisfies the band gap of 1.5 eV or less.
  • thermoelectric conversion layer according to (1) wherein the band gap of the inorganic particles is 1.5 eV or less, and the carrier transporting material includes at least one of a conductive nanomaterial and a conductive polymer material. .
  • the carrier transporting material includes both a conductive nanomaterial and a conductive polymer material.
  • the conductive nanomaterial is a nanocarbon material or a nanometal material.
  • thermoelectric conversion layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphite, graphene, carbon nanoparticles, and metal nanowires 2.
  • the composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer according to 1. The composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer according to any one of (2) to (5), wherein the conductive nanomaterial is a carbon nanotube.
  • the carrier transporting material is an organic material.
  • the band gap of the inorganic particles is greater than 1.5 eV
  • the thermal excitation source material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of nanocarbon materials, infrared absorbing dyes, and conductive polymers
  • thermoelectric conversion element having a substrate, a pair of electrodes, and a thermoelectric conversion layer, wherein the thermoelectric conversion layer is the composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer according to any one of (1) to (12) Thermoelectric conversion element formed by (14) A thermoelectric power generation article using the thermoelectric conversion element according to (13).
  • thermoelectric conversion layer excellent in thermoelectric characteristics
  • thermoelectric conversion element and thermoelectric power generation article using the composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer.
  • thermoelectric conversion element of this invention It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention.
  • the arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the direction of the temperature difference applied when the element is used.
  • FIG. 2 shows typically an example of the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention.
  • composition for thermoelectric conversion layer formation of this invention (henceforth "the composition of this invention") is explained in full detail. First, the feature point compared with the prior art of this invention is explained in full detail.
  • the composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer according to the first aspect of the present invention has inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or less, the band gap of the inorganic particles is 1.5 eV or less, and migration.
  • a carrier transport material satisfying at least one of a degree of 0.001 cm 2 / Vs or more and a carrier density of 1E10 to 1E21 cm ⁇ 3 is contained.
  • a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value. The inventor presumes the reason why the effect of the present invention is obtained in the first aspect as follows. Note that the scope of the present invention is not limitedly interpreted by this estimation.
  • thermoelectric conversion efficiency is improved and thermoelectric properties are improved. It is thought.
  • the band gap of the inorganic particles is 1.5 eV or less, it is considered that the inorganic particles mainly function more suitably as a thermal excitation source. Therefore, as a material for transporting the generated carriers, the generated carriers can be further combined by combining with a material satisfying at least one of mobility of 0.001 cm 2 / Vs and carrier density of 1E10 to 1E21 cm ⁇ 3. It can be suitably transported, and the thermoelectric properties are considered to have been improved.
  • the composition for forming a thermoelectric conversion layer according to the second aspect of the present invention has inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and the band gap of the inorganic particles is more than 1.5 eV, And it contains the material for thermal excitation sources with which a band gap satisfy
  • the inventor presumes the reason why the effect of the present invention is obtained in the second aspect as follows. Note that the scope of the present invention is not limitedly interpreted by this estimation. That is, since the inorganic particles have high conductivity, when the band gap of the inorganic particles is more than 1.5 eV, the inorganic particles are mainly combined with a material satisfying the band gap of 1.5 eV or less.
  • the carrier can be more preferably excited and transported by combining with a material that has a band gap of 1.5 eV or less, which is suitable as a material for exciting the carrier, and the thermoelectric characteristics are improved.
  • the effect of the present invention is an extremely unexpected effect because it is an effect that does not appear in Comparative Example 1 described later in which inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of 1.1 ⁇ m are blended. From this result, when the average particle size of the inorganic particles is 1.0 ⁇ m or less, the thermal conductivity, which is one of the characteristics contributing to the thermoelectric performance, that is, ⁇ (W / mK) in the above formula (A). Is thought to have greatly decreased.
  • the composition of the present invention various components of the composition of the first aspect and the second aspect of the present invention (hereinafter collectively referred to as “the composition of the present invention”) are described in detail, and then the composition of the present invention is used.
  • the thermoelectric conversion element having the thermoelectric conversion layer formed as described above and the thermoelectric power generation article will be described in detail.
  • the inorganic particles contained in the composition of the present invention are inorganic particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average particle diameter refers to an average particle diameter obtained by a dynamic light scattering method.
  • the thermoelectric characteristics are improved by using inorganic particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • a dynamic light scattering type particle size / particle size distribution measuring device (Nanotrac UPA-EX150, manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was used to measure the average particle size and the number of particles described later. .
  • the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is preferably 1 nm to 0.9 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 nm to 0.8 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 nm to 0.7 ⁇ m, for better thermoelectric properties. Is particularly preferred.
  • the ratio of the number of particles having a particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less to the number of particles having a particle size of more than 1.0 ⁇ m [hereinafter also abbreviated as “particle number ratio”. ] Is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 7 to 100.
  • the particle number ratio is 5 or more, thermoelectric characteristics are improved. This is considered to be due to the relatively small number of particles having a large particle size and a decrease in thermal conductivity.
  • the number of particles having a particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less and the number of particles having a particle size of more than 1.0 ⁇ m are values calculated from a frequency distribution obtained by a dynamic light scattering method.
  • the inorganic particles having a band gap of 1.5 eV or less for example, a Bi—Te based material, a Bi—Se based material, an Sb—Te based material, a Pb—Te based material, Ge—Te based material, Bi—Sb based material, Zn—Sb based material, Sn—Te based material, Co—Sb based material, Ag—Sb—Te based material, Si—Ge based material, Fe—Si based material, Mg—Si based material, Mn—Si based material, Na—Co—O based material, Ti—Sr—O based material, Bi—Sr—Co—O based material, Si, Ge, In—P based material, In— An N-type material, a Ga—As-type material, or
  • Examples of the inorganic material having a band gap exceeding 1.5 eV used in the second embodiment include a Ga—P material, an Al—Sb material, an Al—N material, a Ga—N material, and Si. It can be appropriately selected from —C-based materials, Zn—O-based materials, In—Ga—Zn—O-based materials, Ti—O-based materials, and the like.
  • the band gap is calculated by the following calculation formula (1) from the absorption edge measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.
  • E (Bg) hc / e ⁇ (eV) (1)
  • h 6.6E-34 (Js): Planck constant
  • e 1.6E-19 (C): electron charge
  • c 3.0E8 (m / s): speed of light
  • ⁇ (nm) It is the wavelength of light.
  • the content of the inorganic particles is preferably 1 to 90 wt%, more preferably 10 to 80 wt% in the total solid content of the composition.
  • the carrier transporting material contained in the composition of the first aspect of the present invention is a material satisfying at least one of mobility of 0.001 cm 2 / Vs or more and carrier density of 1E10 to 1E21 cm ⁇ 3 .
  • the carrier transport material is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions. Examples thereof include conductive nanomaterials, conductive polymer materials, and low molecular organic semiconductors. Also good.
  • an organic material is preferably used as the carrier transporting material.
  • a thermoelectric characteristic can be improved more.
  • the inorganic particles have high conductivity, the inorganic particles alone have a small contact area between the inorganic particles and it is difficult to develop high conductivity.
  • an organic material as a carrier transporting material and filling between inorganic particles having high conductivity with an organic material, high conductivity can be expressed and an inorganic material having a low band gap is used. Thus, it is estimated that high electromotive force can be achieved.
  • a conductive nanomaterial and a conductive polymer material in combination as a carrier transporting material.
  • the conductive nanomaterial particularly CNT
  • the coating property of the composition is improved.
  • a highly conductive composition can be obtained. This is because the conductive polymer has a long conjugated structure, and the charge transfer between the conductive polymer and the conductive nanomaterial is smooth. As a result, the conductive nanomaterial has high conductivity and semiconductor characteristics. It is thought that it is possible to effectively use.
  • the conductive nanomaterial used as the carrier transporting material is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above-described conditions.
  • Conventionally known nanocarbon materials (carbon-containing conductive nanomaterials) and nanometal materials (metal-containing conductive materials) Nanomaterials) can be used.
  • the conductive nanomaterial is a material that does not include a conductive polymer described later.
  • the specific resistance is preferably 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
  • the size of the conductive nanomaterial is not particularly limited as long as it is nanosize (less than 1 ⁇ m).
  • the average minor axis is nanosize (for example, The average minor axis may be 500 nm or less).
  • the conductive nanomaterial include carbon nanotubes (hereinafter also referred to as “CNT”), carbon nanofibers, graphite, graphene, carbon nanoparticles, metal nanowires, and the like. 1 type may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together. Of these, CNT is preferred because of its better thermoelectric properties. Examples of the CNT include, for example, paragraphs [0017] to [0021] of International Publication No. 2012/133314 (Patent Document 1) and [0018] to [0022] of JP2013-095820 (Patent Document 2). ] Those described in the paragraph can be adopted as appropriate.
  • the content of the conductive nanomaterial in the composition of the present invention is preferably 2 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 55% by mass in the total solid content of the composition, and 10 to 50% by mass. % Is particularly preferred.
  • the conductive polymer used as the carrier transporting material is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions, and a conventionally known conductive polymer can be used.
  • the conductive polymer is a polymer compound having a conjugated molecular structure. Specifically, a carbon-carbon bond on the main chain of the polymer has a structure in which single bonds and double bonds are alternately connected. It refers to the polymer that it has.
  • the conductive polymer used in the present invention is not necessarily a high molecular weight compound, and may be an oligomer compound.
  • Examples of the conductive polymer include thiophene compounds, pyrrole compounds, aniline compounds, acetylene compounds, p-phenylene compounds, p-phenylene vinylene compounds, p-phenylene ethynylene compounds, and p-flurane.
  • Olenylene vinylene compound polyacene compound, polyphenanthrene compound, metal phthalocyanine compound, p-xylylene compound, vinylene sulfide compound, m-phenylene compound, naphthalene vinylene compound, p-phenylene oxide compound, phenylene Sulfuric compounds, furan compounds, selenophene compounds, azo compounds, metal complex compounds, and derivatives having substituents introduced into these compounds as monomers, and conjugated high molecules having repeating units derived from the monomers And the like.
  • Examples of such a conductive polymer include paragraphs [0022] to [0052] of International Publication No. 2012/133314 (Patent Document 1) and [0023] of JP 2013-095820 (Patent Document 2). To those described in the paragraphs [0053] can be adopted as appropriate.
  • the low molecular organic semiconductor used as the carrier transporting material is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions, and a conventionally known low molecular organic semiconductor can be used.
  • Examples of the low molecular organic semiconductor used as the carrier transporting material include acenes such as tetracene, pentacene, and TIPS pentacene, phthalocyanines, perylene derivatives, thienoacenes such as rubrene, benzothienobenzothiophene, and dinaphthothienothiophene. Can be used.
  • the thermal excitation source material contained in the composition of the second aspect of the present invention is an organic material having a band gap of 1.5 eV or less.
  • the material for the thermal excitation source is not particularly limited as long as the above conditions are satisfied, and examples thereof include nanocarbon materials, infrared absorbing dyes, conductive polymers, and the like, and these may be used in combination.
  • the content of the material for the thermal excitation source in the composition of the second aspect of the present invention is preferably 1 to 90 parts by mass and more preferably 10 to 80 parts by mass in the total solid content of the composition. preferable.
  • Nanocarbon material used as the material for the thermal excitation source is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions, and a conventionally known nanocarbon material can be used. Specifically, the above-mentioned nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers described as examples of the carrier transport material of the composition of the first aspect can be used.
  • the infrared absorbing dye used as the material for the thermal excitation source is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions, and a conventionally known infrared absorbing dye can be used.
  • examples of infrared absorbing dyes include metal complexes, charge transfer complexes, and arylamine compounds.
  • the central metal of the metal complex is preferably a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, Cu, and Sn or a metal ion thereof.
  • the atom coordinated to the central metal is preferably a hetero atom, more preferably a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
  • it is preferable that at least one of the atoms coordinated to the central metal is a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom.
  • the metal complex used in the present invention is preferably a metal complex represented by the following general formula (3).
  • M represents a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, Cu, and Sn or a metal ion thereof.
  • M When M is a metal ion, it may have an arbitrary counter ion.
  • X 11 , X 12 , X 13 , and X 14 each independently represent a hetero atom, and at least one of X 11 to X 14 is a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom.
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 each independently represent a substituent.
  • R 11 and R 12 , R 13 and R 14 may be bonded to each other.
  • the hetero atom of X 11 to X 14 is preferably a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogen atom.
  • substituent for R 11 to R 14 include an alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group).
  • cycloalkyl group eg, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, etc.
  • alkenyl group eg, vinyl group, allyl group, etc.
  • alkynyl group eg, ethynyl group, propargyl group, etc.
  • aromatic hydrocarbon Ring group also called aromatic carbocyclic group, aryl group, etc., for example, phenyl group, p-chlorophenyl group, mesityl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, azulenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, fluorenyl group, phenanthryl Group, indenyl group, pyrenyl group, biphenylyl group, etc.), aromatic B-ring group (a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group is preferred, and the ring-constituting
  • pyrrolidyl group imidazolidyl group, morpholyl group, oxazolidyl group, etc.
  • alkoxy group for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, octyloxy group, dodecyloxy group, etc.
  • Cycloalkoxy groups for example, cyclopentyloxy group, cyclohexyloxy group, etc.
  • Reeloxy group for example, phenoxy group, naphthyloxy group, etc.
  • alkylthio group for example, methylthio group, ethylthio group, propylthio group, pentylthio group, hexylthio group, octylthio group, dodecylthio group, etc.
  • cycloalkylthio group for example, cyclopentyl group
  • Acyl group for example, acetyl group, ethylcarbonyl group, propylcarbonyl group, pentylcarbonyl group, cyclohexylcarbonyl group, octylcarbonyl group, 2-ethylhexylcarbonyl group, dodecylcarbonyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, phenylcarbonyl group, naphthylcarbonyl Group, pyridylcarbonyl group, etc.), acyloxy group (eg, acetyloxy group, ethylcarbonyloxy group, butylcarbonyloxy group, octylcarbonyloxy group, dodecylcarbonyloxy group, phenylcarbonyloxy group, etc.), amide group (eg, methyl Carbonylamino group, ethylcarbonylamino group, dimethylcarbonylamino group, propylcarbonylamino
  • an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group an aromatic heterocyclic group, a hetero ring group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an amide group, and a carbamoyl group It is a group.
  • the metal complex represented by the general formula (3) is preferably a metal complex represented by any of the following general formulas (3A) to (3D).
  • M has the same meaning as M in general formula (3), and the preferred range is also the same.
  • M is a metal ion, it may have an arbitrary counter ion.
  • Xa 11 to Xa 14 each independently represents —S— or —O—.
  • Ra 11 to Ra 14 , Rb 11 and Rb 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent
  • Rc 11 to Rc 14 each independently represents a substituent.
  • two adjacent groups may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
  • nx represents an integer of 0 or more.
  • Rb 11 and Rb 12 are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.
  • the metal complex used in the present invention may be a commercially available product or may be chemically synthesized.
  • the charge transfer complex refers to an intermolecular compound composed of an electron donating molecule (electron donor) and an electron accepting molecule (electron acceptor) and having a charge transfer interaction.
  • Charge transfer theory by molecular orbital theory is described in R.A. S.
  • the charge transfer amount of a complex D ⁇ A which is defined by Mulliken and consists of an electron donor D and an electron acceptor A, is expressed by the following equation, and the electron donor or electron A new absorption band (charge transfer absorption band) that does not appear with the receptor alone appears on the long wavelength side. Further, as the electron affinity of the electron acceptor increases, the wavelength of the absorption maximum shifts to the longer wavelength side.
  • the charge transfer complex used in the present invention is an organic charge transfer complex comprising an organic electron donor and an organic electron acceptor. Both the organic electron donor and the organic electron acceptor are neutral compounds that are not ionized or partially ionized before forming a complex, and charge transfer is not possible until they are mixed and approach a molecule. To form a complex.
  • the charge transfer complex in the present invention can be obtained by irradiating an active energy ray (for example, light or heat) with any intramolecular covalent bond (any covalent bond in the electron donor D, or any electron acceptor A). Such a covalent bond is preferably not cleaved, that is, not decomposed.
  • the intramolecular covalent bond is not disconnected, when irradiated with 0.5 J / cm 2 or more and 3.0 J / cm 2 or less of the active energy ray, the absorption maximum of the absorption spectrum (the charge-transfer absorption band Absorption maximum) does not change, or even if changed, it can be reversibly restored by other external stimuli (for example, cis-trans stereoisomerization, phase transition, changes without covalent bond breakage such as salt exchange) )
  • the onium salt compound which is one of the dopants described later, differs from the charge transfer complex in that both the electron donor and the electron acceptor are ionized and charged before the salt is formed.
  • the onium salt is chemically decomposed due to irreversible cleavage of a covalent bond in the molecule by irradiation with active energy rays.
  • a radical bond is generated by breaking a covalent bond between a sulfur atom and a carbon atom constituting a sulfonium cation by light irradiation.
  • thermoelectric conversion element When a charge transfer complex is used as the material for the thermal excitation source, a thermoelectric conversion element having excellent temporal stability can be obtained. As described above, the thermoelectric conversion element is used for a wristwatch, a power source for remote areas, a power source for space, and the like. Therefore, in addition to being excellent in the initial thermoelectric conversion performance, it is desirable that the thermoelectric conversion element can maintain the initial thermoelectric conversion performance over a long period of time even under high temperature and high humidity. By using the charge transfer complex, it is possible to obtain an element excellent in stability over time at high temperature and high humidity in addition to high thermoelectric conversion performance.
  • the charge transfer complex used in the present invention and the electron donor and electron acceptor constituting the complex may be either a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound, preferably a low molecular compound.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the charge transfer complex is preferably from 250 to 100,000, more preferably from 450 to 50,000.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the electron donor is preferably 150 to 100,000, more preferably 250 to 50,000.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the electron acceptor is preferably from 100 to 1200, more preferably from 120 to 800.
  • the weight average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • apparatus “Alliance GPC2000 (manufactured by Waters)”, column: TSKgel GMH6-HT ⁇ 2 + TSKgel GMH6-HTL ⁇ 2 (both 7.5 mm ID ⁇ 30 cm, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), column temperature: 140 ° C. , Detector: differential refractometer, mobile phase: solvent (for example, o-dichlorobenzene, etc.).
  • the molecular weight can be determined by using standard polystyrene.
  • the electron donor constituting the charge transfer complex of the present invention is an electron donating organic compound and does not contain a metal atom.
  • the organic electron donor is preferably a compound containing an aromatic ring structure.
  • the aromatic ring structure may be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocycle, and is preferably an aromatic heterocycle.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring may be a monocyclic hydrocarbon ring having aromaticity, but a benzene ring may be mentioned as the basic ring.
  • the aromatic heterocycle is not particularly limited as long as it is a monocyclic heterocycle having aromaticity, and a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle or a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle is preferable.
  • hetero atom constituting the heterocycle examples include a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a silicon atom, and a selenium atom.
  • a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom are preferable, and a sulfur atom is more preferable.
  • the 5-membered aromatic heterocycle examples include thiophene ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, selenophene ring, silole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, thiazole ring, isothiazole ring, and triazole ring. Is mentioned.
  • 6-membered aromatic heterocycle examples include a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrazine ring, and a triazine ring.
  • a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle is more preferable, a thiophene ring, a furan ring, and a pyrrole ring are more preferable, and a thiophene ring is particularly preferable.
  • the organic electron donor preferably contains a condensed ring structure.
  • the ring forming the condensed ring may be an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring, and may be a hydrocarbon ring or a hetero ring. Among them, a condensed ring including an aromatic ring structure is preferable, a condensed ring including an aromatic hetero ring structure is more preferable, and a condensed ring of an aromatic hetero ring or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic hetero ring More preferably, it is a condensed ring.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring and aromatic heterocycle constituting the condensed ring include the above-described aromatic rings and aromatic heterocycles, and preferred ranges thereof are also the same.
  • the condensed ring is more preferably a condensed polycyclic structure in which three or more rings are condensed, more preferably a structure in which three or more rings including an aromatic ring are condensed, and an aromatic hydrocarbon.
  • a structure in which three or more rings selected from a ring or an aromatic heterocycle are condensed is more preferable.
  • the fused ring structure is more preferably a carbazole structure or a fluorene structure.
  • the ring structure contained in the electron donor described above may have a substituent.
  • substituents include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, and an amino group (including an alkylamino group and an arylamino group), and an alkyl group or an alkoxy group is preferable.
  • the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably a linear alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group has preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl part of the alkoxy group has the same meaning as the alkyl group, and the preferred range is also the same.
  • the alkyl part of the alkylthio group is synonymous with the alkyl group, and the preferred range is also the same.
  • the amino group is preferably a mono- or di-alkylamino group.
  • the alkyl part of the alkylamino group is synonymous with the alkyl group, and the preferred range is also the same.
  • the organic electron donor used in the present invention is preferably a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (1A) or (1B).
  • a ring represents an aromatic ring
  • B ring represents an aromatic ring, a non-aromatic heterocycle, or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
  • Rings C and D represent non-aromatic hetero rings or non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings.
  • Ry represents a substituent, and n represents an integer of 0 or more.
  • the A to D rings may be further condensed with an aromatic ring, a non-aromatic heterocycle, or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
  • the aromatic rings in the A ring and the B ring have the same meanings as the aromatic rings (aromatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic heterocycles) described above, and the preferred ranges are also the same.
  • the non-aromatic heterocycle in rings B to D is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, and the ring-constituting heteroatoms are preferably a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a silicon atom, or a selenium atom, May be an unsaturated ring (but not an aromatic ring).
  • the non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring in the B to D rings is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, and may be a saturated ring or an unsaturated ring (but not an aromatic ring).
  • Rings A to D are preferably a heterocycle or a ring condensed with a heterocycle.
  • Ry is an aromatic group (aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, aromatic heterocyclic group), alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, amino group (including alkylamino group and arylamino group).
  • the aromatic group of Ry may be further substituted with an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, or an amino group (including an alkylamino group and an arylamino group).
  • the structure represented by the general formula (1B) is more preferably a structure represented by the following general formula (1B-1) or general formula (1B-2).
  • G1 to G4 each independently represent —S— or —Se—
  • G5 and G6 each independently represent —S—, —N (Rx) — Or —CH ⁇ CH—.
  • Rx represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an alkoxy group. Rx is preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • Ry and n have the same meanings as Ry and n in general formula (1A) or (1B), and the preferred ranges are also the same.
  • the electron acceptor constituting the charge transfer complex of the present invention is an electron-accepting organic compound and does not contain a metal atom.
  • the organic electron acceptor is preferably a compound having at least one electron withdrawing group.
  • the electron withdrawing group means a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value larger than 0.
  • Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value will be described.
  • Hammett's rule was found in 1935 by L.L. to quantitatively discuss the effect of substituents on the reaction or equilibrium of benzene derivatives. P. A rule of thumb proposed by Hammett, which is widely accepted today.
  • Substituent constants determined by Hammett's rule include a ⁇ p value and a ⁇ m value, and these values can be found in many general books. A. Dean, “Lange's and book of Chemistry”, 12th edition, 1979 (McGraw-Hill) and “Areas in Chemistry”, No. 122, pages 96-103, 1979 (Nankodo).
  • the substituent is limited or explained by Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p, but this does not mean that the substituent is limited only to a substituent having a known value that can be found in the above book. Even if the value is unknown, it also includes a substituent that would be included in the range when measured based on Hammett's rule.
  • organic electron acceptors in the present invention are not benzene derivatives, but the ⁇ p value is used as a scale indicating the electron effect of the substituent regardless of the substitution position. In the present invention, the ⁇ p value is used in this sense.
  • Examples of electron-withdrawing groups having a Hammett substituent constant ⁇ p value of 0.60 or more include cyano groups, nitro groups, alkylsulfonyl groups (for example, methanesulfonyl groups), and arylsulfonyl groups (for example, benzenesulfonyl groups). Can do.
  • Examples of the electron withdrawing group having a Hammett ⁇ p value of 0.45 or more include, in addition to the above, an acyl group (for example, acetyl group), an alkoxycarbonyl group (for example, dodecyloxycarbonyl group), an aryloxycarbonyl group (for example, m-chlorophenoxy).
  • alkylsulfinyl group for example, n-propylsulfinyl group
  • arylsulfinyl group for example, phenylsulfinyl group
  • sulfamoyl group for example, N-ethylsulfamoyl group, N, N-dimethylsulfamoyl group
  • Examples thereof include a halogenated alkyl group (for example, trifluoromethyl group), an ester group, a carbonyl group, and an amide group.
  • the electron withdrawing group having a Hammett substituent constant ⁇ p value of 0.30 or more includes, in addition to the above, an acyloxy group (for example, acetoxy group), a carbamoyl group (for example, N-ethylcarbamoyl group, N, N-dibutylcarbamoyl group) ), Halogenated alkoxy groups (for example, trifluoromethyloxy group), halogenated aryloxy groups (for example, pentafluorophenyloxy group), sulfonyloxy groups (for example, methylsulfonyloxy group), halogenated alkylthio groups (for example, difluoromethylthio group) )
  • An aryl group eg, 2,4-dinitrophenyl group, pentachlorophenyl group substituted with two or more electron-withdrawing groups having a ⁇ p value of 0.15 or more, and a heterocyclic group (e
  • the electron withdrawing group in the present invention is preferably an electron withdrawing group having a Hammett substituent constant ⁇ p value of 0.20 or more.
  • a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an acyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom, and an amide group are more preferable.
  • the organic electron acceptor is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
  • an electron acceptor is a high molecular compound
  • the polymer which contains the structural component corresponding to the compound represented by following General formula (2) as a repeating structure is preferable.
  • X represents a na-valent organic group.
  • EWG represents an electron withdrawing group.
  • na represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • the electron-withdrawing group of EWG is synonymous with the above-mentioned electron-withdrawing group, and the preferred range is also the same.
  • X is preferably a na-valent group corresponding to a conjugated aliphatic group having 2 or more carbon atoms, an aromatic group, or a group obtained by combining these.
  • the conjugated aliphatic group is an aliphatic group having a conjugated structure composed of an unsaturated bond, and may be any of linear, branched, and cyclic. Moreover, the hetero atom may be included.
  • aliphatic group examples include aliphatic groups corresponding to ethylene, butadiene, benzoquinone, cyclohexadiene, quinodimethane, cyclohexene, and the like, and aliphatic groups corresponding to benzoquinone, cyclohexadiene, and quinodimethane are preferable.
  • the aromatic group may be either an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring may be a monocyclic hydrocarbon ring having aromaticity, but a benzene ring may be mentioned as the basic ring.
  • the aromatic heterocycle is not particularly limited as long as it is a monocyclic heterocycle having aromaticity, and a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle or a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle is preferable.
  • the hetero atom constituting the hetero ring include a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, and an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom are preferable.
  • Examples of the 5-membered aromatic heterocycle include a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an oxazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an isothiazole ring, a triazole ring, and a thiadiazole ring.
  • Examples of the 6-membered aromatic heterocycle include a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrazine ring, and a triazine ring.
  • a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle is more preferable, and a thiophene ring, a pyrrole ring, a thiazole ring, and a thiadiazole ring are more preferable.
  • These aliphatic groups or aromatic groups may have a substituent other than the above-described electron-withdrawing group EWG, but preferably do not have any substituent.
  • Na represents an integer of 1 or more, and is preferably an integer of 4 or more.
  • the organic electron acceptor used in the present invention is preferably a compound having a structure represented by any one of the following general formulas (2A) to (2C).
  • Rz represents a substituent.
  • a plurality of Rz may be the same or different.
  • Y represents an oxygen atom or a carbon atom substituted by two electron-withdrawing groups.
  • n represents an integer of 0 or more.
  • two adjacent Rz's may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
  • Rz is preferably an electron withdrawing group other than a pendant group incorporated into the polymer.
  • the above-mentioned electron withdrawing group is mentioned as an electron withdrawing group, A preferable range is also the same.
  • Rz is preferably a cyano group.
  • Rz is preferably a halogen atom or a cyano group, more preferably a halogen atom, and in general formula (2C), a halogen atom,
  • a halogen atom An alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, acyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfamoyl group, alkyl or arylsulfonyl group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group and nitro group are preferred.
  • the electron withdrawing group at the carbon atom where Y is substituted with two electron withdrawing groups is preferably a cyano group or an acyl group.
  • the E ring is preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring, more preferably a 6-membered ring. Moreover, a saturated hydrocarbon ring or an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring is preferable, and an aromatic ring, a non-aromatic heterocycle, or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring may be condensed to these rings. As the aromatic ring, non-aromatic heterocycle or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring, those exemplified in the general formulas (1A) and (1B) are preferable.
  • the E ring is preferably a 6-membered ring having a quinoid structure (2,5-cyclopentadienyl-1,4-diidene).
  • the F ring and G ring are preferably 5- or 6-membered rings, and may be aromatic rings, non-aromatic hetero rings, or non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings.
  • aromatic ring, non-aromatic heterocycle or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring those exemplified in the general formulas (1A) and (1B) are preferable.
  • an aromatic ring, a non-aromatic heterocycle or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring may be condensed.
  • F ring and G ring are selected from benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pyridine ring, thiophene ring, thiadiazole ring, imidazolidinone ring, thiazole ring, 2H-imidazole ring, pyrazolone ring, pyrrolidinedione ring and cyclopentadienone ring.
  • the ring is preferred.
  • the charge transfer complex used in the present invention may be a commercially available product, or may be appropriately synthesized as in the examples described later.
  • thermoelectric conversion element Since the arylamine compound used in the present invention has a specific optical band gap, the performance of the thermoelectric conversion element can be improved by using it together with the nanoconductive material as described above.
  • the content of the arylamine compound in the thermoelectric conversion material is preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nanoconductive material from the viewpoint of thermoelectric conversion performance.
  • an arylamine compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the arylamine compound used in the present invention is preferably a one-electron oxidant of an arylamine compound represented by the following general formula (4A) or a two-electron oxidant of an arylamine compound represented by the following general formula (4B). is there.
  • La represents an arylene group, a heteroarylene group, or a group obtained by combining these.
  • Ar 41 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
  • R 41 to R 43 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a cycloalkyl group.
  • Y represents an arbitrary counter anion.
  • n in n- represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • any of Ar 41 and R 41 to R 43 has a cation substituent or a partial structure (preferably a radical cation of another nitrogen atom), but the one-electron oxidation is performed.
  • a cation substituent or a partial structure preferably a radical cation of another nitrogen atom
  • the one-electron oxidation is performed.
  • the conjugation needs to be divided by an alkylene group or the like. If it exists in the conjugated position, it will take a quinoid structure.
  • the oxidation state of the two-electron oxidant or more is unstable, and n is preferably 2.
  • the arylene group in La is preferably a phenylene group.
  • the heterocycle in the heteroarylene group in La is preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring, and a benzene ring or a heterocycle may be condensed, and examples thereof include a thiophene ring, a thiazole ring, and a pyridine ring. Include thiophene-2,5-diyl and benzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b ′] dithiophene-2,6-diyl. Moreover, biphenylene group is mentioned as group which combined these.
  • the one-electron oxidant of the arylamine compound represented by the general formula (4A) is preferably a one-electron oxidant represented by the following general formula (4A-1).
  • Ar 41 , R 41 ⁇ R 43, Y, n- has the same meaning in the Ar 41, R 41 ⁇ R 43 , Y, n- in the general formula (4A), a preferred range Is the same.
  • R 4 a represents a substituent.
  • n 4a represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • the substituent for R 4a is preferably an alkyl group or a halogen atom.
  • the two-electron oxidant has a quinoid structure (quinone diimine structure).
  • Lb represents a quinoid structure group of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a quinoid structure group of an aromatic heterocyclic ring, or a combination of these.
  • Ar 41, R 41 ⁇ R 43 , Y, n- have the same meanings as Ar 41, R 41 ⁇ R 43 , Y in the general formula (4A), and the preferred range is also the same.
  • n in n- represents an integer of 2 or more.
  • N is preferably 2.
  • the quinoid structure group of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring in Lb is preferably a quinoid structure group of a benzene ring (2,5-cyclohexadienyl-1,4-diidene).
  • the aromatic heterocycle in the quinoid structure group of the aromatic heterocycle in Lb is preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring, and a benzene ring or a heterocycle may be condensed, such as a thiophene ring, thiazole ring, pyridine ring.
  • Specific examples include thiophenyl-2,5-diidene and benzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b ′] dithiophenyl-2,6-diidene.
  • a group having a quinoid structure of a biphenylene group can be given.
  • the two-electron oxidant of the arylamine compound represented by the general formula (4B) is preferably a two-electron oxidant represented by the following general formula (4B-1).
  • Ar 41 , R 41 ⁇ R 43, Y, n- has the same meaning in the Ar 41, R 41 ⁇ R 43 , Y, n- in the general formula (4B), the preferred range Is the same.
  • R 4b represents a substituent.
  • n 4b represents an integer of 0 to 4.
  • the substituent for R 4b is preferably an alkyl group or a halogen atom.
  • the arylamine compound used in the present invention is preferably an arylamine compound represented by the following general formula (5) or a one-electron or two-electron oxidant of the compound.
  • the 1-electron or 2-electron oxidant of the arylamine compound represented by the general formula (5) may have an arbitrary counter anion.
  • Ar 51 to Ar 55 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, an aromatic heterocycle, a single bond, or an alkylene group. However, at least one of Ar 51 or Ar 52 and at least one of Ar 53 or Ar 54 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
  • R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a substituent.
  • n 51 to n 55 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 3.
  • m1 represents 0 or 1.
  • Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by Ar 51 to Ar 55 include a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring, and a benzene ring is preferable.
  • Examples of the aromatic heterocycle represented by Ar 51 to Ar 55 include a pyrrole ring, a thiophene ring, a furan ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an oxazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an isothiazole ring, a silole ring, a selenophene ring, and a tellurophen ring.
  • alkylene group of Ar 51 to Ar 55 include an alkylene group having 2 to 14 carbon atoms, and an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable.
  • R 51 to R 55 examples include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an amino group, a dialkylamino group, a diarylamino group, an N-alkyl-N-arylamino group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, and an alkylthio group. , Arylthio group, and halogen atom. These groups may be further substituted.
  • the aryl part of the diarylamino group may be further substituted with a dialkylamino group or a diarylamino group.
  • the hydrogen atom of the alkyl part of these groups may be substituted with a halogen atom.
  • R 51 to R 55 are preferably a dialkylamino group, a diarylamino group, or an alkoxy group, and more preferably an alkylamino group.
  • a nitrogen atom (> N ⁇ ) substituted by at least one aromatic ring contained in the general formula (5) is a radical cation (> N ⁇ + -).
  • the one-electron oxidant means an oxidation state on one nitrogen atom, and another nitrogen atom existing at a position where the quinoid structure cannot be taken is one-electron-oxidized, Those having two or more radical cation nitrogen atoms are also included.
  • arylamine compound used in the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Moreover, these compounds may have arbitrary counter anions.
  • the arylamine compound used in the present invention may be a commercially available product, or may be chemically synthesized.
  • the conductive polymer used as the material for the thermal excitation source is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions, and a conventionally known conductive polymer can be used. Specifically, polyacetylene, polythiophene, or the like can be used.
  • the polythiophene used as the material for the thermal excitation source is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above conditions.
  • the polythiophene that can be used in the present invention has a repeating structure derived from at least one compound selected from the group of thiophene compounds, and is preferably doped with an acid.
  • the type of dispersion medium that can be used, and the like it is preferable to select and introduce one that can enhance the dispersibility of the conjugated polymer in the dispersion medium.
  • substituent when an organic solvent is used as a dispersion medium, in addition to a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, thioalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyleneoxy group, an alkoxyalkyleneoxyalkyl group, A crown ether group, an aryl group, or the like can be preferably used. These groups may further have a substituent.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the substituent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 4 to 12, and particularly a long-chain alkyl group, alkoxy group, thioalkyl group, alkoxyalkylene having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • An oxy group and an alkoxyalkyleneoxyalkyl group are preferred.
  • organic acids such as sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and phosphoric acid, and inorganic acids can be used.
  • Non-conjugated polymer refers to a polymer compound that does not have a conjugated molecular structure. Specifically, in the main chain direction of the polymer, each repeating unit is a non-conjugated bond (for example, a normal single bond). ). Further, the non-conjugated polymer may be a homopolymer (homopolymer) or a copolymer (copolymer). By containing the non-conjugated polymer, thermoelectric properties are further improved. This is presumably because the non-conjugated polymer affects the dispersibility of the conductive nanomaterial, so that the conductive nanomaterial becomes a preferable dispersion form, and as a result, the thermal conductivity or conductivity is improved.
  • the type of the nonconjugated polymer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known nonconjugated polymer can be used.
  • a polymer compound obtained by polymerizing a compound selected from the group consisting of a vinyl compound, a (meth) acrylate compound, a carbonate compound, an ester compound, an amide compound, an imide compound and a siloxane compound can be suitably used.
  • “(meth) acrylate” represents either one or both of acrylate and methacrylate.
  • vinyl compound examples include styrene, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl carbazole, vinyl pyridine, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl phenol, vinyl acetate, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl alcohol, vinyl arylamines (for example, vinyl triphenylamine). Etc.), vinyl trialkylamines (for example, vinyl tributylamine) and the like.
  • (meth) acrylate compounds include, for example, alkyl group-containing hydrophobic acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate; 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy Hydroxyl-containing acrylates such as propyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 1-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 1-hydroxybutyl acrylate; acryloyl group of these monomers And methacrylate monomers in which is substituted with a methacryloyl group.
  • alkyl group-containing hydrophobic acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate
  • 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1-hydroxyethyl acrylate 2-hydroxy Hydroxyl
  • polymer obtained by polymerizing the carbonate compound examples include a general-purpose polycarbonate composed of bisphenol A and phosgene, Iupizeta (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company), Panlite (manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.), and the like.
  • ester compound examples include lactic acid.
  • polymer obtained by polymerizing the ester compound examples include Byron (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.).
  • polymer obtained by polymerizing an amide compound examples include PA-100 (manufactured by T & K TOKA Corporation).
  • the non-conjugated polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. Among these, it is more preferable to use a polymer compound obtained by polymerizing a vinyl compound as the non-conjugated polymer.
  • the non-conjugated polymer is preferably hydrophobic, and more preferably has no hydrophilic group such as sulfonic acid or hydroxyl group in the molecule. Further, a non-conjugated polymer having a solubility parameter (SP value) of 11 or less is preferable.
  • SP value solubility parameter
  • the content of the non-conjugated polymer is preferably 10 to 1500 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 1200 parts per 100 parts by weight of the conductive polymer.
  • the amount is more preferably part by mass, and particularly preferably 80 to 1000 parts by mass.
  • the composition of the present invention preferably contains a dopant because the carrier concentration increases and the conductivity is improved.
  • the dopant include onium salt compounds (particularly compounds that generate an acid upon irradiation with active energy rays or application of heat), oxidizing agents, acidic compounds, electron acceptor compounds, transition metal compounds, and the like. 1 type may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together. As such a dopant, for example, those described in paragraphs [0043] to [0083] of JP2013-089798A can be appropriately employed.
  • the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 20 wt%, particularly preferably 1 to 10 wt% of the carrier transporting material.
  • the composition of the present invention preferably contains a thermal excitation assist agent because the thermoelectric properties are better.
  • a thermal excitation assist agent for example, those described in paragraphs [0079] to [0089] of JP2013-098299A (Patent Document 4) can be appropriately employed.
  • thermal excitation assisting agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the content of the optional thermal excitation assistant is preferably 0 to 35% by mass, more preferably 3 to 25% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass in the total solid content of the composition. It is particularly preferred.
  • the content of the optional thermal excitation assisting agent is preferably 0.1 to 50 wt%, more preferably 1 to 50 wt% of the material having a band gap of 1.5 eV or less.
  • the composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent.
  • the solvent should just be able to disperse
  • the organic solvent include halogen solvents such as alcohol and chloroform; aprotic polar solvents such as DMF, NMP, and DMSO; chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, tetramethylbenzene, and pyridine.
  • aromatic solvents such as cyclohexanone, acetone, and methylethylkenton, and other ketone solvents; diethyl ether, THF, t-butyl methyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, and other ether solvents.
  • the solvent is preferably degassed in advance.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solvent is preferably 10 ppm or less.
  • Examples of the degassing method include a method of irradiating ultrasonic waves under reduced pressure, a method of bubbling an inert gas such as argon, and the like.
  • the solvent is preferably dehydrated in advance.
  • the amount of water in the solvent is preferably 1000 ppm or less, and more preferably 100 ppm or less.
  • a dehydration method a known method such as a method using molecular sieve or distillation can be used.
  • the content is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the composition. More preferably, the content is 0.01 to 5% by mass.
  • the composition of the present invention may appropriately contain an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a heat stabilizer, a plasticizer and the like in addition to the components described above.
  • the content of these components is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 0 to 2% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
  • Irganox 1010 manufactured by Nippon Ciga-Beegie Co., Ltd.
  • Sumilizer GA-80 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Sumilizer GS manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Sumilizer GM manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • the light resistance stabilizer include TINUVIN 234 (manufactured by BASF), CHIMASSORB 81 (manufactured by BASF), and Siasorb UV-3853 (manufactured by Sun Chemical Co., Ltd.).
  • the heat stabilizer include IRGANOX 1726 (manufactured by BASF).
  • the plasticizer include Adeka Sizer RS (manufactured by Adeka Corporation).
  • the composition of the present invention has improved electrical conductivity, excellent physical strength of the formed thermoelectric conversion layer, and improved stability against external physical impact and friction. It is preferably from 01% by mass to 15% by mass, more preferably from 0.01% by mass to 10% by mass, and further preferably from 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass.
  • the moisture content can be evaluated by measuring the equilibrium moisture content at a constant temperature and humidity. The equilibrium moisture content was allowed to stand for 6 hours at 25 ° C. and 60% RH, and then reached equilibrium. Then, the Karl Fischer method was used with a moisture meter and a sample drying apparatus (CA-03, VA-05, both Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). It can be calculated by dividing the moisture content (g) by the sample weight (g).
  • the composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the above components. Specifically, in the case of the first aspect, after adding and mixing the carrier transporting material to the solvent, the inorganic particles and any other components can be dissolved or dispersed. Further, in the case of the second aspect, after adding and mixing the material for the thermal excitation source to the solvent, it can be prepared by dissolving or dispersing inorganic particles and any other components. At this time, when a conductive nanomaterial is used as the material, the components in the material may be in a state where the conductive nanomaterial is in a dispersed state and other components such as a polymer material are in a dispersed or dissolved state.
  • components other than the conductive nanomaterial are in a dissolved state. It is preferable that components other than the conductive nanomaterial are in a dissolved state because an effect of suppressing the decrease in conductivity due to the grain boundary can be obtained.
  • the dispersed state is an aggregate state of molecules having a particle size that does not settle in a solvent even when stored for a long time (generally 1 month or longer), and a dissolved state is in a solvent. A state in which one molecule is solvated.
  • each component may be prepared by stirring, shaking, kneading, dissolving or dispersing in a solvent. Sonication may be performed to promote dissolution and dispersion. Further, in the dispersion step, the dispersibility of the conductive nanomaterial can be increased by heating the solvent to a temperature not lower than room temperature and not higher than the boiling point, extending the dispersion time, or increasing the application strength such as stirring, soaking, kneading, and ultrasonic waves. Can be enhanced.
  • thermoelectric conversion element of this invention is a thermoelectric conversion element which has a base material, a pair of electrodes, and the thermoelectric conversion layer formed with the composition of this invention mentioned above.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are sectional views schematically showing an example of the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
  • thermoelectric conversion element 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a first base material 11, a first electrode 12, a thermoelectric conversion layer 14 formed of the composition of the present invention, a second electrode 13, and a second electrode. It is an element which has the base material 15 in this order.
  • the thermoelectric conversion element 10 shown in FIG. 1 is an aspect which obtains an electromotive force (voltage) using the temperature difference of the direction shown by the arrow.
  • thermoelectric conversion element 20 shown in FIG. 2 has a first electrode 22 and a second electrode 23 on a part of the first base 21, and the first base 21 and the first electrode 22.
  • the device includes a thermoelectric conversion layer 24 and a second base material 25 in this order on the second electrode 23.
  • thermoelectric conversion element 20 shown in FIG. 2 is an aspect which obtains an electromotive force (voltage) using the temperature difference of the direction shown by the arrow.
  • the base material 31 common to the thermoelectric conversion elements 30 adjacent to each other is used, the second electrode 33 in one thermoelectric conversion element 30, and other thermoelectric conversion elements adjacent to the second electrode 33. It is good also as the module 300 which connected each thermoelectric conversion element 30 in series by electrically connecting with 30 1st electrodes 32.
  • thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention Next, the substrate, electrode and thermoelectric conversion layer of the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention will be described in detail.
  • the base material which the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention has is not specifically limited, It is preferable to select the base material which is hard to be influenced at the time of formation of an electrode or the formation of a thermoelectric conversion layer.
  • a substrate include glass, transparent ceramics, metal, and plastic film.
  • a plastic film is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and flexibility.
  • Specific examples of the plastic film include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly (1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), polyethylene-2,6-phthalenedicarboxylate, and bisphenol A.
  • Polyester films such as polyester films with iso and terephthalic acid; polycycloolefin films such as ZEONOR film (manufactured by ZEON Corporation), ARTON film (manufactured by JSR Corporation), Sumilite FS1700 (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Corporation); Kapton ( Polyimide films such as Toray DuPont Co., Ltd., Apical (Kaneka Co., Ltd.), Ubilex (Ube Industries Co., Ltd.), Pomilan (Arakawa Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.), etc.
  • ZEONOR film manufactured by ZEON Corporation
  • ARTON film manufactured by JSR Corporation
  • Sumilite FS1700 manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Corporation
  • Kapton Polyimide films such as Toray DuPont Co., Ltd., Apical (Kaneka Co., Ltd.), Ubilex (Ube Industries Co., Ltd.), Pomilan (Arakawa Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.), etc.
  • Polycarbonate films such as Pure Ace (manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) and Elmec (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation); Polyether ether ketone films such as Sumilite FS1100 (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.); Polyphenyl sulfide film; and the like.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, various polyimides, polycarbonate films, and the like are preferable from the viewpoints of availability, heat resistance of 100 ° C. or higher, economy, and effects.
  • the thickness of the substrate can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use.
  • the electrode which the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention has is not specifically limited, As a material, specifically, transparent electrodes, such as ITO and ZnO; Metal electrodes, such as silver, copper, gold
  • transparent electrodes such as ITO and ZnO
  • Metal electrodes such as silver, copper, gold
  • CNT graphene Carbon materials
  • organic materials such as PEDOT / PSS
  • thermoelectric conversion layer which the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention has will not be specifically limited if it is formed with the composition of this invention mentioned above.
  • the thermoelectric conversion layer can be formed by apply
  • the film forming method is not particularly limited.
  • known coating methods such as spin coating, extrusion die coating, blade coating, bar coating, screen printing, stencil printing, roll coating, curtain coating, spray coating, dip coating, and inkjet method. Can be used.
  • coating a drying process is performed as needed.
  • the solvent can be volatilized and dried by blowing hot air.
  • the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of imparting a temperature difference.
  • thermoelectric power generation article of the present invention is a thermoelectric power generation article using the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
  • thermoelectric power generation article specifically, for example, generators such as hot spring thermal generators, solar thermal generators, waste heat generators, power supplies for wristwatches, semiconductor drive power supplies, power supplies for small sensors, etc.
  • sensor element applications such as thermal sensors and thermocouples can be mentioned. That is, the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention described above can be suitably used for these applications.
  • thermoelectric conversion element The composition of the first aspect was prepared to produce a thermoelectric conversion element.
  • Conductive polymer poly-3-hexylthiophene (molecular weight: Mw 20000, manufactured by Aldrich)] 8 mg as carrier transporting material, and single layer CNT [ASP-100F, manufactured by Hanwha Nanotech, dispersion (CNT concentration 60 (Mass%), average length of CNT: about 5 to 20 ⁇ m, average diameter: about 1.0 to 1.2 nm] 3 mg is added to 10 ml of orthodichlorobenzene, and dispersed in an ultrasonic water bath for 50 minutes.
  • (A) was prepared.
  • the mobility (cm 2 / Vs) and carrier density (cm -3 ) of the carrier transport material are shown in Table 1 below.
  • powder materials of Bi, Te, and Sb were mixed and melted to obtain a P-type thermoelectric material having a composition of Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 .
  • the obtained material was pulverized with a ball mill to obtain a powder (inorganic particles).
  • the average particle size of the obtained inorganic particles and the ratio of the number of particles having a particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less to the number of particles having a particle size of more than 1.0 ⁇ m (number of particles having a particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less / particle size 1)
  • the number of particles exceeding 0.0 ⁇ m was measured using a dynamic light scattering type particle size / particle size distribution measuring device (Nanotrac UPA-EX150, manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). These results are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the band gap of the inorganic particles is shown in Table 1 below.
  • the prepared dispersion (A) and the obtained inorganic particles were mixed, and mixed by an auto-revolution mixer (AR-100, manufactured by Shinky Co., Ltd.) to prepare a dispersion (B).
  • This dispersion (B) was applied to the surface of the electrode 12 of a polyethylene terephthalate film 11 (thickness: 125 ⁇ m) having gold (thickness 20 nm, width: 5 mm) on one surface as the first electrode 12 in advance by a stencil printing method ( Application step), the solvent was removed by heating at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes (drying step). After repeating this application
  • thermoelectric conversion layer 14 a polyethylene terephthalate film substrate 15 in which gold was vapor-deposited in advance as the second electrode 13 on the thermoelectric conversion layer 14 (the thickness of the electrode 13: 20 nm, the width of the electrode 13: 5 mm, the thickness of the polyethylene terephthalate film substrate 15). : 125 ⁇ m) was bonded at 80 ° C. so that the second electrode 13 was opposed to the thermoelectric conversion layer 14, thereby producing the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention which is the thermoelectric conversion element shown in FIG. 1.
  • thermoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the change was made.
  • Example 10 using thermal excitation assisting agent 1 it was prepared by the same method as in Example 1 except that 2 mg of thermal excitation assisting agent 1 was added during the preparation of dispersion (A), and dopant 1 was used.
  • Example 17 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5 mg of dopant 1 was added during the preparation of the dispersion (A).
  • Example 18 As a carrier transport material, 7 mg of TIPS pentacene and 3 mg of non-conjugated polymer poly (p-hydroxystyrene) as a binder were added to 10 ml of orthodichlorobenzene, and stirred for 20 minutes to prepare a solution.
  • Example 1 Inorganic particles obtained in the same manner as above were mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare dispersion (C). Using this dispersion liquid (C), a thermoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • Example 19 A thermoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that 7 mg of benzothienobenzothiophene was used as the carrier transporting material.
  • Example 20 As a carrier transport material, single-walled CNT [ASP-100F, manufactured by Hanwha Nanotech, dispersion (CNT concentration 60 mass%), average length of CNT: about 5 to 20 ⁇ m, average diameter: about 1.0 to 1. 2 nm] 20 mg was added to 10 ml of orthodichlorobenzene, and a dispersion (D) was prepared by dispersing in an ultrasonic water bath for 50 minutes to prepare a thermoelectric conversion element.
  • ASP-100F manufactured by Hanwha Nanotech, dispersion (CNT concentration 60 mass%), average length of CNT: about 5 to 20 ⁇ m, average diameter: about 1.0 to 1. 2 nm
  • D dispersion
  • Example 21 The composition of the second aspect was prepared to produce a thermoelectric conversion element.
  • the metal complex 1 (10 mg) shown below is added to 10 ml of orthodichlorobenzene, stirred for 20 minutes to prepare a solution, and mixed with silicon carbide particles as inorganic particles. (E) was adjusted. Using this dispersion (E), a thermoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • thermoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the metal complex 2 shown below was used as the thermal excitation source material and gallium nitride particles were used as the inorganic particles.
  • thermoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using this dispersion liquid (F).
  • thermoelectric conversion element As a carrier transport material and a thermal excitation source material, inorganic particles (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 were used, mixed with non-conjugated polymer polystyrene as a binder and dispersed ( G) was prepared, and a thermoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using this dispersion liquid (G).
  • thermoelectromotive force was evaluated by the following method about each produced thermoelectric conversion element.
  • thermoelectric characteristic value thermoelectric conversion element
  • the first electrode 12 of each thermoelectric conversion element was placed on a hot plate maintained at a constant temperature, and a temperature control Peltier element was placed on the second electrode 13. While keeping the temperature of the hot plate constant (100 ° C.), the temperature of the Peltier element was lowered to give a temperature difference (over 0K to 4K or less) between both electrodes.
  • the thermoelectromotive force S ( ⁇ V / K) per unit temperature difference is obtained by dividing the thermoelectromotive force ( ⁇ V) generated between both electrodes by the specific temperature difference (K) generated between both electrodes. This value was calculated as the thermoelectric characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion element.
  • the calculated thermoelectric characteristic values are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below as relative values to the calculated values of the thermoelectric conversion element of Example 7.
  • thermoelectric conversion element produced using a composition containing inorganic particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less and combined with a material corresponding to the band gap of the inorganic particles is It has been found that the thermoelectric performance is remarkably improved as compared with a thermoelectric conversion element produced using a composition containing inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of more than 1.0 ⁇ m. Further, from the comparison with Examples 1 to 7, it was found that when carbon nanotubes were used as the conductive nanomaterial, the thermoelectric characteristics were better. Furthermore, it was found from the comparison between Examples 1 and 11 and Examples 12 and 13 that the thermoelectric characteristics were further improved by using a composition having an inorganic particle number ratio of 5 or more.
  • Example 1 it can be seen that it is preferable to contain conductive nanoparticles and a conductive polymer as a carrier transporting material.

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WO2015129877A1 (ja) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 国立大学法人 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学 熱電変換材料および熱電変換素子
JP6730816B2 (ja) * 2015-03-10 2020-07-29 三洋化成工業株式会社 熱電変換材料及びその製造方法
JP6674259B2 (ja) * 2016-01-05 2020-04-01 積水化学工業株式会社 熱電変換材料分散液及び熱電変換材料の製造方法
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JP7054103B2 (ja) * 2017-02-23 2022-04-13 国立大学法人 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学 ナノ材料複合体およびその製造方法
WO2019020612A1 (en) * 2017-07-25 2019-01-31 Imec Vzw Layered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials
JP2019106410A (ja) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-27 株式会社東芝 熱電変換素子、及び熱電変換素子の製造方法
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