WO2014203678A1 - 半導体モジュール - Google Patents
半導体モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014203678A1 WO2014203678A1 PCT/JP2014/063555 JP2014063555W WO2014203678A1 WO 2014203678 A1 WO2014203678 A1 WO 2014203678A1 JP 2014063555 W JP2014063555 W JP 2014063555W WO 2014203678 A1 WO2014203678 A1 WO 2014203678A1
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- signal output
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- semiconductor module
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- lead frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0038—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the connection of the detecting means, e.g. for reducing their number
- H02H1/0046—Commutating the detecting means in dependance of the fault, e.g. for reducing their number
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- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
- H01L23/49575—Assemblies of semiconductor devices on lead frames
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- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/07—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L29/00
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor module including a plurality of power semiconductor elements and a plurality of control circuits that drive these semiconductor elements on and off, respectively.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a main part of a semiconductor module IPM used in an inverter device for driving a three-phase motor M.
- Q1, Q2 to Q6 are six switching elements that respectively form three sets of half-bridge circuits. It is.
- D1, D2 to D6 are freewheeling diodes connected in antiparallel to the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6, respectively.
- the three sets of half-bridge circuits are connected in common to a power supply terminal P to which a DC voltage is applied, and switching elements Q1, Q2, and Q3 that form an upper arm, and switching elements Q4 and Q5 that form a lower arm. , Q6 are paired and connected directly.
- Each of these half-bridge circuits has a connection point between the switching element Q1 (Q2, Q3) forming the upper arm and the switching element Q4 (Q5, Q6) forming the lower arm, connected to the three-phase motor M by U ( The output terminals L1 (L2, L3) for supplying the V, W) phase power are used.
- each of the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 is a power semiconductor element made of IGBT or MOS-FET having a gate as a control electrode.
- the semiconductor module IPM having such a configuration is as described in detail in, for example, Patent Document 1.
- control circuits IC1 to IC6 provided on the semiconductor module IPM for driving the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 on and off, respectively, are connected to the gates of the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 as shown in FIG.
- Output amplifiers A1 to A6 are provided as drive circuits for applying a drive signal to.
- Each of the control circuits IC1 to IC6 monitors the current flowing through the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6, the operating temperature, etc., and detects an abnormality such as an overcurrent or overheating of the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6.
- Circuits ED1 to ED6 are provided.
- the semiconductor module IPM prohibits the operation of the output amplifiers A1 to A6 via the output control circuits C1 to C6, thereby the switching elements Q1, Q2 Are configured to protect Q6.
- the semiconductor module IPM uses the abnormal information detected by the abnormality detection circuits ED1 to ED6 as abnormality status information of the control circuits IC1 to IC6, for example, via the switch elements S1 to S6. Are configured to output externally.
- the number of input / output terminals in the semiconductor module IPM can surely be reduced.
- the external control device that controls the operation of the semiconductor module IPM it takes time to determine the type of abnormality that has occurred in the semiconductor module IPM and to properly operate the protection function of the semiconductor module IPM. There is.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its purpose is to be able to externally output operation status information of a plurality of control circuits without increasing the number of input / output terminals.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor module having a simple configuration capable of promptly starting a protection operation against an abnormality detected in a circuit.
- a semiconductor module includes a plurality of power semiconductor elements made of, for example, an IGBT or a MOS-FET, a plurality of control circuits for driving these semiconductor elements on and off, A plurality of signal output circuits that are provided in the control circuit and input / output operation status information,
- each of the signal output circuits is composed of a switch element having a signal output terminal having an open drain configuration, and the signal output terminal in these signal output circuits is connected to each of the power semiconductor elements of the semiconductor module and each of the control elements. It is characterized by being connected to an internal lead frame on which a circuit is mounted.
- each signal output circuit includes a switch element having a signal output terminal having an open collector configuration, and the signal output terminal in these signal output circuits is connected to each power semiconductor element and each control of the semiconductor module. It is characterized by being connected to an internal lead frame on which a circuit is mounted.
- At least one of the plurality of signal output circuits is configured such that the signal output terminal is pulled up or pulled down via a resistor in the control circuit.
- the internal lead frame to which the output terminals of the plurality of signal output circuits are connected can be configured to be pulled up or pulled down via a resistor.
- a specific output terminal of the semiconductor module to which the internal lead frame is connected can be pulled up or pulled down via a resistor outside the semiconductor module.
- the switch elements in which the signal output terminals of the open collector configuration or the open drain configuration in the plurality of signal output circuits have different output resistance values for each of the signal output circuits.
- the operation status information output by the plurality of signal output circuits is abnormal information indicating an abnormal operation of the power semiconductor element.
- Each of the control circuits preferably includes a protection circuit that detects the operation status information output to the internal lead frame and stops driving the power semiconductor element.
- the plurality of signal output circuits that are respectively provided in the plurality of control circuits and output the operation status information include an output terminal having an open drain configuration or an open collector configuration, and these output terminals Are connected to the internal lead frame of the semiconductor module and wired or ORed. Therefore, regardless of the number of the plurality of control circuits, the operation status information output from each of the control circuits can be externally output by combining the output terminals. Therefore, a semiconductor module can be constructed without increasing the number of input / output terminals for external connection.
- each control circuit outputs its own operation status information externally via the internal lead frame in which the output terminal of the signal output circuit is wired-or connected, and other control circuits via the internal lead frame. It is possible to capture the operation status information output externally. Accordingly, it is possible to quickly and easily acquire abnormality information detected in other control circuits and execute appropriate abnormality countermeasure processing. Further, the output resistance value of the switch element forming the signal output terminal of the open drain configuration or the open collector configuration, that is, the ON resistance of the switch element can be made different for each signal output circuit. In this way, it is possible to easily detect which signal output circuit has output the operation status information that is an abnormal signal from the voltage change at the signal output end when the abnormality is detected. Therefore, the abnormality countermeasure function can be enhanced simply and effectively, and the practical advantages are great.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a semiconductor module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a layout structure of the semiconductor module shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a semiconductor module IPM according to the present invention.
- the semiconductor module IPM shown in FIG. 1 includes six switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 and six freewheeling diodes D1, D2 to D6 forming three sets of half-bridge circuits. Further, the semiconductor module IPM includes three control circuits IC1, IC2, and IC3 for driving the switching elements Q1 and Q2 to Q6 in a complementary manner for each half bridge circuit. Although the semiconductor module IPM that forms three sets of half-bridge circuits will be described here, two sets or four or more sets of half-bridge circuits may be formed.
- the six switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 are made of, for example, an IGBT, and basically two pairs are connected in series to form three sets of half-bridge circuits.
- the six freewheeling diodes D1, D2 to D6 are basically connected in antiparallel to the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 as described above to form a freewheeling current path. To play a role.
- the control circuits IC1, IC2, and IC3 are complementary to the gates that are the control electrodes for each pair of the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 forming the half bridge circuit as shown in FIG.
- Output amplifiers A1u, A1d to A3u, A3d for applying drive signals are provided.
- Each of the control circuits IC1 to IC3 monitors the current flowing through the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6, the operating temperature, etc., and detects an abnormality such as an overcurrent or overheating of the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6.
- Circuits ED1 to ED3 are provided.
- each of the control circuits IC1, IC2, and IC3 uses the abnormal information detected by the abnormality detection circuits ED1 to ED3 as abnormal operation information such as overcurrent and overheat as operation status information of the control circuits IC1 to IC3, for example. It is configured to output externally via signal output circuits IO1 to IO3 mainly composed of switch elements S1 to S3 made of n-type MOS-FETs.
- each of the switching elements S1 to S3 is constructed by forming signal output circuits IO1 to IO3 having a so-called open drain configuration.
- the drains which are signal output terminals of the switch elements S1 to S3 made of MOS-FETs are connected to an internal lead frame 3c described later.
- the signal output terminals of these switch elements S1 to S3 are collectors. Therefore, in this case, each of the switch elements S1 to S3 may have an open collector configuration.
- the above-described output control circuits C1 to C3 compare the operation status by comparing the voltage of each signal output terminal of the signal output circuits IO1 to IO3, that is, the voltage of the internal lead frame 3c with a predetermined threshold voltage Vref. Information is to be detected.
- FIG. 3 shows a layout structure of a semiconductor module IPM including a plurality of switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 composed of the above-described IGBT, the freewheeling diodes D1, D2 to D6, and the control circuits IC1 to IC3.
- the semiconductor module IPM includes an insulating substrate 2 made of, for example, an Al substrate, provided at a substantially central portion of a terminal case that forms a rectangular frame body 1.
- the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 and the freewheeling diodes D1, D2 to D6 are mounted on the insulating substrate 2 in a line.
- the control circuits IC1 to IC3 are mounted side by side on an internal lead frame 3a (described later) used as a ground line, for example.
- 3 (3a to 3c) is an internal lead frame forming a plurality of internal wiring patterns as conductor layers, and 4 (4a to 4o) and 5 (5a to 5j) are control terminals for external connection, respectively.
- 2 shows a plurality of lead frames.
- the lead frame 4 (4a to 4o) arranged side by side on the one side of the frame body 1 plays a role of inputting / outputting control signals and the like to / from the control circuits IC1, IC2, IC3.
- the lead frames 5 (5a to 5j) arranged side by side on the other side of the frame body 1 serve to supply the currents output from the switching elements Q1 and Q2 to Q6 to the outside.
- the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6, the freewheeling diodes D1, D2 to D6, and the control circuits IC1 to IC3 are connected to the internal lead frame 3 ( 3a to 3c) and the lead frames 4 (4a to 4o) and 5 (5a to 5j), respectively, constitute a semiconductor module IPM.
- the emitters which are the low-potential side electrodes of the switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 on the upper arm side in the plurality of groups, for example, three groups of half bridge circuits, and the lower arm
- the collectors which are the high potential side electrodes of the switching elements Q4, Q5 and Q6 on the side are individually connected to the lead frames 5a, 5b to 5j as the plurality of external connection output terminals as shown in FIG.
- the freewheeling diodes D4, D5, D6 provided on the lower arm side of each half bridge circuit have their cathodes connected to the emitters of the switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 on the upper arm side. Are connected in series.
- the anodes of the freewheeling diodes D4, D5, and D6 are connected to the emitters of the switching elements Q4, Q5, and Q6 on the lower arm side, respectively.
- the cathodes of the freewheeling diodes D1, D2, and D3 provided on the upper arm side are commonly connected to the collectors of the switching elements Q1, Q2, and Q3 on the upper arm side.
- the anodes of the freewheeling diodes D1, D2, and D3 are connected in series to the collectors of the switching elements Q4, Q5, and Q6 on the lower arm side, respectively.
- the switching elements Q1, Q2, Q3 on the upper arm side and the freewheeling diodes D4, D5, D6 on the lower arm side are respectively connected in series and the switching elements Q4, Q5, Q6 and the freewheeling diodes D1, D2, and D3 on the upper arm side are respectively connected in series.
- Six series circuits composed of these switching elements Q and freewheeling diodes D are provided in parallel.
- each independent lead frame 5 (5b, 5c, 5e, 5f, 5h, 5i) are connected to the connection points of the switching elements Q and the freewheeling diodes D in the series circuits.
- These external connection output terminals L1 +, L1-, L2 +, L2-, L3 +, L3- are connected to the upper arm side switching element Q1 (Q2, Q3) when, for example, a double forward converter or an interleaved boost converter is formed. This is a consideration for enabling the insertion of a coil or transformer inductance between the lower arm side switching element Q4 (Q5, Q6).
- the collectors of the switching elements Q1, Q2, and Q3 on the upper arm side and the cathodes of the freewheeling diodes D1, D2, and D3 are commonly connected to each other, that is, one of the lead frames 5, that is, , Connected to the lead frame 5a and led out to the outside as a power terminal P.
- the emitters of the switching elements Q4, Q5, and Q6 on the lower arm side are individually connected to other lead frames 5 (5d, 5g, and 5j) in the ten lead frames 5, and externally connected.
- the output terminals N1, N2, and N3 are derived to the outside.
- the signal output terminals of the signal output circuits IO1 to IO3 in the control circuits IC1, IC2, and IC3 are respectively connected to the internal lead frame 3c using the bonding wires 7. It is connected and led out as an operation status information output terminal GPIO.
- a pull-up resistor is provided between the internal lead frame 3c and the internal lead frame 3b used as a supply line for the power supply voltage Vcc. The example which mounts 8 is shown.
- the switch elements S1 to S3 made of MOS-FETs constituting the signal output circuits IO1 to IO3 in the plurality of control circuits IC1, IC2, and IC3 are respectively configured as open drains. It has become.
- the drains which are the signal output terminals of the switch elements S1 to S3 are connected to the internal lead frame 3c and pulled up to the power supply voltage Vcc via the pull-up resistor 8. If the switch elements S1 to S3 constituting the signal output circuits IO1 to IO3 are bipolar transistors or the like, the open collector configuration may be used as described above.
- the operation status information output from each of the control circuits IC1, IC2, IC3, specifically the signal output circuits IO1 to IO3, is wired-or in the internal lead frame 3c, and the operation status information output It is externally output via the terminal GPIO. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a plurality of output terminals for the operation status information as in the prior art, and the number of input / output terminals as the semiconductor module IPM is not increased.
- the operation status information externally output from a certain control circuit IC1 (IC2, IC3) in this way is detected by the output control circuit C1 (C2, C3) of the control circuit IC1 (IC2, IC3).
- it is detected by the output control circuits C2 and C3 (C1) in the other control circuits IC2 and IC3 (IC1) through the internal lead frame 3c.
- the control circuits IC1 (IC2, IC3) prohibit the operations of the output amplifiers A1u, A1d to A3u, A3d all at once according to the operation status information.
- the plurality of the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 with respect to the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6 can be provided inside the semiconductor module IPM without increasing the number of external connection terminals for inputting / outputting various information under the simple configuration described above.
- the protection operation by the control circuits IC1, IC2, and IC3 can be surely executed. Therefore, its practical advantage is great.
- the on-resistances of the switch elements S1 to S3 made of MOS-FETs having the signal output terminal of the open drain configuration are made different for each signal output circuit, the signal output terminal at the time of detecting an abnormality is obtained. It is also possible to detect which signal output circuit has output the operation status information from the voltage change.
- the pull-up resistor described above can be provided so as to pull up the operation status information output terminal GPIO outside the semiconductor module IPM.
- an example is shown in which the drains of the switch elements S1 to S3 made of MOS-FETs having an open drain configuration are pulled up to the power supply voltage Vcc.
- the drains of the switch elements S1 to S3 having an open drain configuration may be pulled down to the ground potential GND. Needless to say.
- the switch elements S1 to S3 may have an open collector configuration.
- control circuits IC1, IC2, and IC3 can be provided corresponding to the switching elements Q1, Q2 to Q6, for example. It is also possible to integrate a predetermined number of control circuit ICs into one chip. Specifically, for example, one control circuit IC1 formed as one chip for the switching elements Q1, Q2, and Q3, and one control circuit formed as one chip for the remaining switching elements Q4, Q5, and Q6. It is also possible to configure as IC2.
- the number of the switching elements Q mounted on the semiconductor module IPM is not specified in the above-described embodiment.
- a power MOS-FET can be used as the switching element Q.
- the signal output circuits IO1 to IO3 various circuit configurations conventionally proposed can be appropriately employed.
- the present invention can be variously modified and implemented without departing from the scope of the invention.
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
特に前記各信号出力回路は、それぞれオープンドレイン構成の信号出力端を備えたスイッチ素子からなり、これらの信号出力回路における前記信号出力端を、当該半導体モジュールの前記各電力用半導体素子および前記各制御回路を搭載した内部リードフレームにそれぞれ接続したことを特徴としている。
或いは前記各信号出力回路は、それぞれオープンコレクタ構成の信号出力端を備えたスイッチ素子からなり、これらの信号出力回路における前記信号出力端を、当該半導体モジュールの前記各電力用半導体素子および前記各制御回路を搭載した内部リードフレームにそれぞれ接続したことを特徴としている。
また前記信号出力回路IO1~IO3の中の1つ、具体的には前記信号入出力回路IO3の信号出力端は、当該制御回路IC3の内部においてプルアップ抵抗Rを介してその電源電圧Vccに接続されている。ちなみに前述した出力制御回路C1~C3は、前記信号出力回路IO1~IO3の各信号出力端の電圧、即ち、前記内部リードフレーム3cの電圧を所定の閾値電圧Vrefとそれぞれ比較することで前記動作ステータス情報を検出するものとなっている。
また前記スイッチ素子S1~S3としてバイポーラトランジスタを用いる場合には、該スイッチ素子S1~S3をオープンコレクタ構成とすれば良いことは言うまでもない。
Q1,Q2~Q6 スイッチング素子(IGBT)
D1,D2~D6 フリーホイリング・ダイオード
IC1,IC2,IC3 制御回路
C1~C3 出力制御回路(保護回路)
A1u,A1d~A3u,A3d 出力アンプ(ドライブ回路)
ED1~ED3 異常検出回路
IO1~IO3 信号出力回路
S1~S3 スイッチ素子(MOS-FET)
R プルアップ抵抗
1 フレーム本体
2 絶縁基板
3(3a~3c) 内部リードフレーム(導体層)
4(4a~4o) リードフレーム
5(5a~5j) リードフレーム
7 ボンディング・ワイヤ
8 プルアップ抵抗
Claims (7)
- 複数の電力用半導体素子と、これらの半導体素子をそれぞれオン・オフ駆動する複数の制御回路と、これらの制御回路にそれぞれ設けられて動作ステータス情報を出力する複数の信号出力回路とを具備し、
前記各信号出力回路は、それぞれオープンドレイン構成の信号出力端を備え、これらの各信号出力端を前記各電力用半導体素子および前記各制御回路が搭載された回路基板の内部リードフレームにそれぞれ接続したことを特徴とする半導体モジュール。 - 複数の電力用半導体素子と、これらの半導体素子をそれぞれオン・オフ駆動する複数の制御回路と、これらの制御回路にそれぞれ設けられて動作ステータス情報を出力する複数の信号出力回路とを具備し、
前記各信号出力回路は、それぞれオープンコレクタ構成の信号出力端を備え、これらの各信号出力端を前記各電力用半導体素子および前記各制御回路が搭載された回路基板の内部リードフレームにそれぞれ接続したことを特徴とする半導体モジュール。 - 前記複数の信号出力回路の内の1つは、前記制御回路の内部において抵抗を介して前記信号出力端をプルアップまたはプルダウンされている請求項1または2に記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記複数の信号出力回路における各信号出力端がそれぞれ接続される前記内部リードフレームは、抵抗を介してプルアップまたはプルダウンされている請求項1または2に記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記複数の信号出力回路における信号出力端を形成した半導体素子は、前記各信号出力回路毎に互いに異なる出力抵抗値を有する請求項1または2に記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記複数の信号出力回路が出力する前記動作ステータス情報は、前記電力用半導体素子の異常動作を示す異常情報である請求項1または2に記載の半導体モジュール。
- 前記各制御回路は、前記内部リードフレームに出力された前記動作ステータス情報を検出して前記電力用半導体素子の駆動を停止させる保護回路を備えている請求項1または2に記載の半導体モジュール。
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DE112014000741.2T DE112014000741T5 (de) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-05-22 | Halbleitermodul |
JP2015522689A JP6107949B2 (ja) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-05-22 | 半導体モジュール |
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TWI631681B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-08-01 | 來揚科技股份有限公司 | 雙晶片封裝結構 |
US11545971B2 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2023-01-03 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Aging protection techniques for power switches |
CN112564462A (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-26 | 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 | 应用于电源芯片中的通信控制电路 |
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