WO2014192521A1 - 半田ボールおよび電子部材 - Google Patents
半田ボールおよび電子部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014192521A1 WO2014192521A1 PCT/JP2014/062588 JP2014062588W WO2014192521A1 WO 2014192521 A1 WO2014192521 A1 WO 2014192521A1 JP 2014062588 W JP2014062588 W JP 2014062588W WO 2014192521 A1 WO2014192521 A1 WO 2014192521A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- solder ball
- alloy
- solder
- drop
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
- H05K1/181—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components associated with surface mounted components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3463—Solder compositions in relation to features of the printed circuit board or the mounting process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/04—Soldering or other types of metallurgic bonding
- H05K2203/041—Solder preforms in the shape of solder balls
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solder ball for mounting a semiconductor and an electronic member using the same.
- Electronic components are mounted on the printed circuit board. Electronic components are mounted by temporarily bonding between a printed wiring board or the like and the electronic component with a semiconductor mounting solder ball (hereinafter referred to as “solder ball”) and a flux, and then heating the entire printed wiring board.
- solder ball semiconductor mounting solder ball
- a reflow method which melts the solder balls and then cools the substrate to room temperature to solidify the solder balls to secure a strong solder joint (also simply called a joint). It is common to do.
- solder balls are connected to materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion, such as silicon chips and resin substrates, the solder balls are placed in a thermal fatigue environment with the operation of the electronic equipment. As a result, a crack called a crack develops inside the solder ball, and there is a possibility that an electric signal may be exchanged through the solder ball.
- TCT Thermal Cycling Test
- solder alloys used as connection materials for electronic devices are being demanded in order to minimize adverse environmental impacts when disposing of electronic devices. It is not common to use pure Sn as the composition of the ball. This is because pure Sn is extremely soft, so that cracks are likely to develop in the process of the TCT test when examining the above-described thermal fatigue characteristics, and the long-term reliability of the solder ball becomes poor. Therefore, as the composition of the solder ball, in addition to the Sn—Ag eutectic composition (Ag: 3.5 mass%, Sn: balance), for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the Sn—Ag eutectic composition is generally used. Solder compositions in which a small amount of Cu is added as a third element to the peripheral composition of Ag eutectic are widely used.
- the solder joints used in electronic members Since the bonding area is also reduced, suppression of voids has been more important than ever. Therefore, solder balls that do not use Ag, such as Sn-Bi alloys, have been proposed. Since Bi is solid-dissolved in Sn, needle-like precipitates such as Ag 3 Sn are not formed. As a result, there is no concern about the void even in an environment where the bonding area is reduced recently.
- solder balls for BGA All Grid Array
- drop characteristics TCT characteristics that ensure drop impact resistance
- the conventional solder balls made of Sn—Bi alloy have a problem that the TCT characteristics are improved but the drop characteristics are deteriorated.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and a solder ball that has excellent thermal fatigue characteristics and good drop impact resistance characteristics while suppressing the generation of voids at the joints, and this It aims at providing the electronic member using.
- the solder ball according to claim 1 of the present invention is composed of a Sn-Bi alloy mainly composed of Sn and containing 0.3 to 2.0 mass% Cu, 0.01 to 0.2 mass% Ni, and 0.1 to 3.0 mass% Bi.
- An intermetallic compound composed of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 is formed in the Sn—Bi alloy.
- the solder ball according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 1, the Ag content is not more than a detection limit by ICP (Inductively-Coupled-Plasma) analysis.
- ICP Inductively-Coupled-Plasma
- the solder ball according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 1, the Sn-Bi alloy contains Ag, and the Ag content is 1.0 mass% or less.
- solder ball according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of claims 1 to 3, the ratio of Cu to Ni is (5 to 20): 1.
- solder ball according to claim 5 of the present invention contains, in any one of claims 1 to 4, any one of Mg, Ga, P, or two or more in a total amount of 0.0001 to 0.005 mass%. It is characterized by that.
- a solder ball according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the solder ball according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the content of Ge, Sb, In, P, As, Al, Au is analyzed by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma). Even if it is below the detection limit by the above, or contains at least one of Ge, Sb, In, P, As, Al, and Au, all are contained as inevitable impurities. And
- a solder ball according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the solder ball according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the Sn is low ⁇ -ray Sn and the emitted ⁇ dose is 1 [cph / cm 2 ] or less. It is characterized by that.
- An electronic member according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is an electronic member in which a plurality of electronic components are joined together by a joint portion, and a part or all of the joint portion is any one of the first to seventh aspects. It is formed by the solder ball described in the item.
- solder ball and the electronic member of the present invention a solder ball excellent in thermal fatigue characteristics and having good drop impact resistance characteristics while suppressing generation of voids in the joint portion, and an electronic member using the solder ball are provided. realizable.
- the solder ball made of a conventional Sn—Bi alloy has improved TCT characteristics but has poor drop impact resistance (drop characteristics).
- this phenomenon is mainly caused by the brittleness of Cu 6 Sn 5 between electrodes (for example, Cu electrodes) when solder balls of conventional Sn-Bi alloys are mounted.
- the intermetallic compound was formed thick and Cu 6 Sn 5 or its vicinity was brittlely broken by the impact during the drop impact resistance test (hereinafter also referred to as drop property test). .
- a solder ball made of an Sn-Bi alloy is formed by thinly forming a relatively ductile intermetallic compound mainly (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 between the solder ball and the electrode after mounting.
- the present inventors have found that even when an impact is applied by a drop characteristic test, the intermetallic compound and its vicinity can be deformed in a ductile manner, brittle fracture is less likely to occur, and high drop characteristics can be secured.
- a solder mother alloy prepared by adding an additive element so as to meet a predetermined concentration is heated and melted in a crucible or a mold, and then solidified and then solidified.
- a Cu-Ni master alloy was prepared in advance using Cu and Ni, and added to the Sn-Bi alloy raw material and then homogenized by melting. .
- Cu and Ni have the property of being easily bonded to each other, as suggested by showing the equilibrium diagram of total solid solution between them. Then, even if Cu-Ni master alloy is added to the raw material of Sn-Bi alloy after that, Cu-Ni master alloy decomposes to form Bi and intermetallic compounds, or Sn- It is considered that it does not easily form a Bi solid solution and a new solid solution, but reacts with Sn in the Sn—Bi alloy as it is to become (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 .
- an intermetallic compound such as NiBi or NiBi 3 or a solid solution in which Ni is further solid-dissolved in the Sn-Bi solid solution is suppressed, and the intermetallic compound composed of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 Solder balls with excellent TCT characteristics and drop characteristics can be manufactured by dispersing in a Sn-Bi alloy.
- the melting point of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 is as high as 500 ° C or higher, heating is performed in a reflow process (generally about 250 ° C) in which electronic components such as printed wiring boards and semiconductor chips are joined with solder balls. Then, (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 does not decompose or disappear, and (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 may exist in the joint even after the joint is formed on the electrode by the solder balls.
- the intermetallic compound composed of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 is desirably formed in a fine particle shape and finely dispersed in the Sn—Bi alloy.
- (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 present in the solder ball becomes a precipitation nucleus on the electrode.
- the formed intermetallic compound is mainly (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 , and as a result, the effect of improving the TCT characteristics by adding Bi and the effect of improving the drop characteristics by (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 are obtained at the same time. be able to.
- (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 in the solder ball can be observed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn can be observed at a magnification of about 1000 to 5000 times. If 5 is present, the above-described effects can be obtained.
- (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 can be identified by analyzing an electron beam diffraction pattern of a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope).
- the composition in the state of the solder ball is mainly composed of Sn, and Cu is 0.3 It is desirable to contain -2.0 mass% and Ni-0.01-0.2 mass%.
- Cu is less than 0.3% by mass or Ni is less than 0.01% by mass, a Cu—Ni based master alloy is not sufficiently formed, and a (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compound is formed at the bonding interface between the solder ball and the electrode. Since it becomes difficult to form, it is not preferable.
- the solder ball is likely to be oxidized.
- the surface of the solder ball may become distorted in the shape of a mirror ball, causing erroneous recognition during mounting.
- it is preferable that the surface of the solder ball is covered with a thick oxide film, and the oxide film cannot be removed with a normal flux amount, and the bonding strength (pull strength or shear strength) between the solder ball and the electrode is deteriorated. Absent.
- the Bi in the Sn-Bi alloy is 0.1 to 3.0% by mass with the composition in the solder ball state, the solder ball can be appropriately cured, and as a result, the TCT characteristics are improved. However, if Bi is less than 0.1% by mass, no significant effect on the TCT characteristics can be obtained. Conversely, if Bi exceeds 3.0% by mass, the effect of improving the drop characteristics by (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 is negated. This is not preferable because the solder balls are hardened and the TCT characteristics and the drop characteristics cannot be achieved at the same time.
- (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 shows ductility compared to Cu 6 Sn 5 , , Ni) 6 Sn 5 and Sn matrix have a smaller difference in hardness, and cracks that develop during the drop test occur in (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 or near (Cu, Ni) ) It does not develop only in or near 6 Sn 5 , but a phenomenon that is not seen in the past occurs that cracks often develop inside the Sn matrix.
- the Bi contained in the Sn—Bi alloy is 0.1 to 0.5 mass%. Because, if the Bi concentration is within this range, the grain boundary energy of the Sn parent phase constituting the solder ball can be lowered with the optimization of the Bi concentration, and as a result, (Cu, Ni) during the drop test. This is because it is possible to prevent cracks from progressing at the grain boundary of the Sn parent phase in the vicinity of 6 Sn 5 , thereby improving the drop characteristics.
- this technique is an effective method to solder balls crack progresses even Sn matrix phase by as in the present (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 is formed, as in the conventional Cu 6 In a solder ball in which Sn 5 is formed, it is not an effective technique because cracks rarely propagate inside the Sn matrix.
- Cu is 0.8 to 1.2% by mass and Ni is 0.04 to 0.15% by mass. is there.
- (Cu, Ni) 6 By be reduced the amount of lattice defects Sn in 5, (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 can internally prevent the crack progresses, resulting in a drop characteristic improvement effect of Is further obtained.
- Cu, Ni, and Bi contained in the Sn-Bi alloy are 0.8 to 1.2 mass% Cu, Ni Is contained in 0.04 to 0.15 mass% and Bi is contained in 0.1 to 0.5 mass%.
- the effect of reducing the grain boundary energy of the Sn parent phase with the optimization of the Bi concentration and the effect of reducing the amount of lattice defects in (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 can be obtained at the same time, so drop characteristics The improvement effect is further obtained.
- Cu to be contained, for Ni, (Cu, Ni) ratio of 6 Sn 5 in Cu and Ni are 10: when the 1, (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 Since the amount of lattice defects is minimized, setting Cu and Ni in (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 to a ratio of (10 ⁇ 3): 1 has a very good drop characteristic improvement effect. More preferred.
- the addition amount of Cu and Ni is set to a ratio of (5 to 7): 1 or (13 to 20): 1, the addition amount of Bi is 0.1 to 0.5% by mass. If possible, the combined effect of the above effects can provide a very good drop characteristic improvement effect as much as when the ratio of Cu and Ni is (10 ⁇ 3): 1.
- Sn—Bi alloy used as solder balls contains Sn as a main component by containing 95% by mass or more of Sn, and Cu, Ni, Bi is added to such Sn—Bi alloy mainly composed of Sn. A predetermined amount is added, and Mg and Ag described later are added as necessary.
- Mg, Ga, and P are base metals rather than Sn, so by oxidizing preferentially over Sn, an amorphous oxide layer is formed in a rapidly cooled state, and Sn on the surface of the solder ball This is thought to be due to the suppression of oxide growth.
- This hardening can not be achieved when the amount of Mg, Ga, P, or two or more added is less than 0.0001% by mass. Conversely, when it exceeds 0.005% by mass, Mg, Ga, P itself is violently oxidized.
- solder balls are not preferable because they are not spherical but polygonal.
- the evidence of such oxidation on the surface of the solder ball is not possible to squeeze the electron gun with an ordinary SEM using LaB 6 or tungsten as a filament. It can be observed with a high-resolution electron microscope such as an Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope.
- both Mg and Ga are simultaneously added to a solder alloy that is a Sn-Bi alloy, or both Mg and P are simultaneously a solder that is a Sn-Bi alloy. It has been found that when added to the alloy, in addition to the above effects, the brightness of the solder ball surface is further improved. This effect is considered to be due to the combined effect of simultaneous addition of Mg and Ga, or Mg and P, and cannot be obtained with Mg alone, Ga alone, or P alone.
- 0.0001 mass% or more of Mg and 0.0001 mass% or more of Ga are added to the total amount of 0.0002 mass% or more and 0.005 mass% or less in the solder alloy which is an Sn-Bi alloy, or
- lightness L * (Elster) Is over 70%.
- Such a solder ball having a high lightness L * can reduce the risk that the mounter device erroneously recognizes the solder ball, for example, when the solder ball is transferred onto a substrate or a device by the mounter device.
- a high lightness L * solder ball more preferably 0.0001 mass% or more of Mg and 0.0001 mass% or more of Ga in a total range of 0.0005 mass% or more and 0.0007 mass% or less of Sn-Bi Or a Sn-Bi alloy in a range of 0.0005 mass% or more and 0.0007 mass% or less in total of 0.0001 mass% or more of Mg and 0.0001 mass% or more of P
- the brightness L * can be increased to 80% or more, and the risk of erroneous recognition of solder balls by the mounter device described above can be further reduced.
- solder ball having a high lightness L * most preferably, Sn-Bi in a range of 0.0008 mass% or more and 0.005 mass% or less in total of 0.0001 mass% or more of Mg and 0.0001 mass% or more of Ga. Or Sn-Bi based solder in a range of 0.0008 mass% or more and 0.005 mass% or less in total of Mg of 0.0001 mass% or more and P of 0.0001 mass% or more
- the brightness L * can be increased to 85% or more, and the risk of erroneous recognition of solder balls by the mounter device described above can be further reduced.
- the lightness L * can be measured according to JIS-Z8729.
- the Ag content in the Sn—Bi alloy is below the detection limit by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and in the Sn—Bi alloy Even if it does not contain Ag, it can be cured by adding Bi to 0.1 to 3.0% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 2.0% by mass, obtaining good TCT characteristics, and further improving the drop characteristics Obtainable. Note that when Bi contained in the Si—Bi alloy is 2.0 mass% or less, an effect of improving drop characteristics can be further obtained.
- ICP analysis refers to ICP emission spectroscopic analysis and ICP mass spectrometry.
- “below detection limit” means that if it is below detection limit in either ICP emission spectroscopic analysis or ICP mass spectrometry. Good.
- the solder ball of the present invention Ag may be further added to the Sn—Bi alloy, and the Ag content in the Sn—Bi alloy is 1.0 mass% or less, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mass%.
- the above-mentioned Ag 3 Sn precipitates in the solder ball and the solder ball is hardened, so that the TCT characteristics can be further enhanced.
- addition of Ag exceeding 1.0% by mass is not preferable because the above-mentioned voids are likely to be generated.
- the concentration of Bi to be added is 0.1 to 0.5% by mass. In this case, it is difficult to ensure the TCT characteristics because the amount of Bi added is small.
- the TCT characteristics can be secured without impairing the drop characteristics of the solder balls. Therefore, in the manufacturing process, the Sn-Bi alloy Further, it is desirable to add 0.1 to 1.0% by mass of Ag.
- an intermetallic compound composed of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 can be formed in a Sn-Bi alloy.
- Sn is the main component
- Cu is 0.3 to 2.0 mass%
- Ni is used.
- Other elements such as Ge, Sb, In, P, As, Al, and Au may be contained in the Sn-Bi alloy containing 0.01 to 0.2% by mass and Bi of 0.1 to 3.0% by mass.
- the solder ball of the present invention contains 0.3 to 2.0% by mass of Cu, 0.01 to 0.2% by mass of Ni and 0.1 to 3.0% by mass of Bi, with the balance being Sn, or the balance being Sn and inevitable impurities Sn It can be formed of a -Bi alloy.
- inevitable impurities refer to impurity elements that are unavoidable to be mixed into the material in manufacturing processes such as refining and melting, such as Ge, Sb, In, P, As, Al, and Au. If present, it indicates 30 ppm by mass or less.
- Sn inevitable impurities other than these include, for example, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cd.
- the solder ball is composed of Sn—Bi based alloy mainly containing Sn, containing 0.3 to 2.0 mass% Cu, 0.01 to 0.2 mass% Ni, and 0.1 to 3.0 mass% Bi, (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compound is formed in the Sn-Bi alloy, which suppresses the generation of voids in the joint when bonded to the electrode, and has excellent thermal fatigue characteristics In addition, good drop impact resistance can be obtained.
- Ag may be contained in the Sn-Bi alloy.
- the Ag content is 1.0% by mass or less, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass
- Ag 3 Sn is contained in the solder balls. Although precipitated, the generation of voids can be sufficiently suppressed as compared with the conventional case.
- the solder balls are cured by Ag 3 Sn deposited in the solder balls, and the TCT characteristics can be further improved.
- thermal fatigue characteristics when mounted between electronic components are evaluated using a TCT test according to an example described later as a guide, for example, a solder ball of ⁇ 40 [ °C] for 30 minutes, then a series of steps maintained at 125 [°C] for 30 minutes is one cycle, and even if a TCT test is performed for 200 cycles or more of this cycle, the electrical resistance value is It becomes below the electrical resistance value before the test, and good thermal fatigue characteristics can be obtained.
- the method for identifying the composition in the solder ball is not particularly limited.
- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS; Energy Dispersive Xray Spectrometry), electron probe analysis (EPMA; Electron Probe Probe Micro Analyzer), Auger Electronics Spectroscopy (AES; Auger Electron Spectroscopy), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Analysis (ICP), Glow Discharge Spectrum Mass Spectrometry (GD-MASS) Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), etc. are preferable because of their abundant results and high accuracy.
- the solder ball of the present invention when used for mounting on a semiconductor memory, or when used for mounting in the vicinity of the semiconductor memory, when alpha rays are emitted from the joint formed by the solder ball, There is also a risk that the alpha rays act on the semiconductor memory and data is erased. Therefore, when the influence of ⁇ rays on the semiconductor memory is taken into consideration, the solder ball of the present invention has an ⁇ dose of 1 [cph / cm 2 ] or less, which has a lower ⁇ dose than usual, that is, a so-called low ⁇ dose.
- a solder ball made of a solder alloy may be used.
- the solder ball of the present invention having such a low ⁇ dose uses high-purity Sn having a purity of 99.99% or more as a raw material by removing impurities that are sources of ⁇ -rays. This can be realized by manufacturing a base alloy.
- the shape of the solder ball of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it has been proven that the ball-shaped solder alloy is transferred to the joint to form a protrusion, or the protrusion is mounted on another electrode. Since it is abundant, it is industrially preferable.
- the solder ball of the present invention can exhibit an effect even when used as a connection terminal of a semiconductor device having a mounting form called CSP (Chip Scale Package) or FC (Flip Chip) other than the BGA.
- CSP Chip Scale Package
- FC Flip Chip
- an organic substance such as a flux or a solder paste is previously applied to the electrodes on the printed wiring board, and then the solder balls are arranged on the electrodes.
- An electronic member can be obtained by forming a strong solder joint by a reflow method.
- the electronic member of the present embodiment also includes an electronic member in which the solder balls of the present embodiment are mounted on these BGA, CSP, and FC, and the electronic member after applying flux or solder paste to the electrodes on the printed wiring board in advance.
- the electronic member is further mounted on a printed wiring board by placing the electrode on the electrode and soldering firmly by the reflow method described above.
- a flexible wiring tape called a TAB (Tape Automated Automated Bonding) tape or a metal wiring called a lead frame may be used.
- solder alloy for semiconductor mounting after preparing a Cu-Ni based mother alloy prepared by adding Cu and Ni, Sn and By adding the Cu-Ni master alloy to the Sn-Bi base material prepared by adding Bi and heating and melting it to homogenize and solidify it, Sn is the main component and Cu is 0.3 to 2.0.
- Sn-Bi alloy containing 0.1% by mass, 0.1-3.0% by mass of Ni and 0.1-3.0% by mass of Bi, and an intermetallic compound of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 is formed in the Sn-Bi alloy Manufacturing the solder alloy thus obtained.
- the Cu—Ni-based mother alloy prepared in advance is prepared by adding Cu and Ni, heating and dissolving them, and making them uniform and solidified.
- the manufacturing method which manufactures a solder ball from a solder alloy in addition to the manufacturing process of the solder alloy mentioned above, after producing a wire from the solder alloy, the wire is cut to a fixed volume, and then heated and melted. And a step of producing a spherical solder ball by solidification.
- the Sn—Bi alloy is added without adding Ag to either the Cu—Ni master alloy or the Sn—Bi raw material.
- the solder alloy which consists of is manufactured.
- a solder alloy whose Ag content is below the detection limit by ICP analysis can be produced.
- the addition of Bi can provide excellent thermal fatigue characteristics and good drop impact resistance characteristics.
- a solder ball may be manufactured from a solder alloy containing Ag.
- Sn-Bi based alloy in which Ag is added to at least one of Cu-Ni based master alloy and Sn-Bi based material, and Ag content is 1.0 mass% or less, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mass%
- Ag 3 Sn precipitates in the solder ball when used for mounting the semiconductor as a solder ball, but the addition of Bi can sufficiently suppress the generation of voids compared to the conventional case.
- the solder balls are hardened by Ag 3 Sn precipitated in the solder balls, and the TCT characteristics can be further improved.
- the composition of the solder alloy used as the solder ball was changed, and the surface of each solder ball, the presence or absence of voids, thermal fatigue characteristics (TCT characteristics) and drop impact resistance characteristics (drop characteristics) were examined.
- a predetermined amount of Cu and Ni is preheated to 275 [° C.] in a high-frequency melting furnace to form a master alloy to form a Cu—Ni master alloy, and then Sn—Bi containing Sn as a main component and adding Bi or the like
- the raw material was produced by adding the master alloy (Cu-Ni master alloy) to the base material. Next, this raw material was placed in a graphite crucible, heated to 275 [° C.] in a high-frequency melting furnace and melted, and then cooled to obtain a solder alloy for semiconductor mounting.
- solder alloy was used as a wire having a wire diameter of 20 [ ⁇ m].
- This wire was cut to a length of 6.83 [mm], made a constant volume, heated and melted again in a high-frequency melting furnace, and cooled to obtain a solder ball having a diameter of 160 [ ⁇ m].
- the composition of each solder ball of Examples 1-122 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was measured by ICP emission spectroscopic analysis.
- the plasma condition high frequency output is 1.3 [KW]
- the integration time of the emission intensity is 3 seconds
- the standard solution for the calibration curve of each element and the standard solution of each element are prepared in advance using the calibration curve method.
- the compositions were as shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.
- the inevitable impurities of the Sn raw material used this time were Ge, Sb, In, As, Al, Au, Zn, Fe, and Cd.
- Table 1 shown below shows that a solder alloy made of Sn—Bi alloy was manufactured without adding Ag to both the Cu—Ni master alloy and the Sn—Bi raw material.
- An example in which a solder ball is manufactured using a solder alloy whose content is below the detection limit by ICP analysis is shown.
- Table 2 below shows the production of a solder alloy composed of an Sn-Bi alloy in which Ag is added to the Sn-Bi material and the Ag content is 0.1 to 1.0 mass%, and solder is produced using the solder alloy.
- bowl is shown.
- Sn used for the solder alloys in Tables 1 and 2 was a commercially available raw material in which the ⁇ dose was not particularly reduced.
- Example 121 and Example 122 in Table 3 for comparison, a solder ball having a low ⁇ -ray with an ⁇ dose of 1 [cph / cm 2 ] or less using high-purity Sn having a purity of 99.99% as a raw material. was made.
- the ⁇ dose of the solder balls was counted with a commercially available semiconductor ⁇ -ray measuring device, and the result is shown in the column of “ ⁇ -ray generation amount” in Table 3.
- the degree of oxidation of the solder ball surface was observed at a magnification of 70,000 times using FE-SEM and EDX. At that time, if the surface of the solder ball is deformed in a polygonal shape, it is indicated as “X”, if such a deformation is observed only slightly, it is indicated as “ ⁇ ”, and if no such deformation is observed at all, it is indicated as “ ⁇ ”.
- Examples 1 to 60, Comparative Examples 1 to 4, Examples 61 to 120 in Table 2 and Examples 121 and 122 in Table 3 were examined, respectively, and listed in the column “Oxidation of Ball Surface” in Tables 1 to 3. .
- the brightness L * of the solder ball surface was measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer.
- the light source is a white light source.
- Three test pieces are prepared by placing solder balls in a circular cylinder with a diameter of 3 mm, and the lightness L * when measuring the center is JIS. -Determined along Z8729, and the average value was defined as the lightness L * of this example.
- ⁇ is listed in Tables 1 to 3, respectively.
- an intermetallic compound composed of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 was formed in the Sn—Bi alloy constituting the solder ball.
- an FE-SEM was used to observe an intermetallic compound with three fields of view at a magnification of 5000 times, and then a typical intermetallic compound diffraction pattern was obtained from a TEM electron diffraction pattern, and its crystal structure was identified.
- an intermetallic compound with similar contrast observed by SEM was considered as (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 .
- the size of the specified intermetallic compound composed of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 was also examined.
- an SEM image was taken to measure the diameter of the particulate intermetallic compound, and the average particle diameter of 10 of these intermetallic compounds was taken as the size of the intermetallic compound.
- a thin film sample for TEM was obtained by cutting with FIB (Focused Ion Beam), and the acceleration voltage during TEM observation was set to 100 [kV].
- FIB Flucused Ion Beam
- solder ball is mounted, heated in a reflow furnace maintained at a peak temperature of 250 [° C.], and cooled to form a solder bump on the printed circuit board. Formed.
- a semiconductor device is bonded onto the solder bump in the same way (water-soluble flux is applied to the electrode on the semiconductor device, then the electrode is positioned on the solder bump on the printed circuit board, and the peak temperature is 250 [° C]. Heating and cooling in a reflow furnace kept in a soldering state, solder bumps are joined to the semiconductor device, and an electronic member having a configuration of printed circuit board (electronic component) / solder bump (joining part) / semiconductor device (electronic component) Got.
- the semiconductor device was 8 [mm] square, 324 pins, and the electrode was Cu.
- a continuity test was conducted to measure the resistance value.
- the electrical resistance value of the electronic member exceeds the initial value 2 [ ⁇ ] before the TCT test, it is considered that a defect has occurred, and the result is shown in the “TCT life” column of Tables 1 to 3. Indicated.
- the electrical resistance value including the junction between the printed circuit board and the semiconductor device in the electronic member is measured by the resistance value between the terminals previously drilled in the printed circuit board, and the initial value 2 before performing the drop impact resistance test When [ ⁇ ] was exceeded, it was considered that a defect (breakage) occurred.
- Sn-Bi based alloy mainly composed of Sn, containing 0.3 to 2.0 mass% Cu, 0.01 to 0.2 mass% Ni, 0.1 to 3.0 mass% Bi, 0 to 1.0 mass% Ag, ( Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compound is formed in Sn-Bi alloy.
- Solder balls are excellent in thermal fatigue properties while suppressing the generation of voids when bonded to electrodes. In addition, it was confirmed that good drop impact resistance was also obtained.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- Snを主体とし、Cuを0.3~2.0質量%、Niを0.01~0.2質量%、Biを0.1~3.0質量%含有したSn-Bi系合金からなり、(Cu,Ni)6Sn5からなる金属間化合物が前記Sn-Bi系合金中に形成されている
ことを特徴とする半田ボール。 - Agの含有量が、ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)分析による検出限界以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の半田ボール。 - 前記Sn-Bi系合金はAgを含有し、前記Agの含有量が1.0質量%以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の半田ボール。 - 前記Cuと前記Niの比率が(5~20):1である
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のうちいずれか1項記載の半田ボール。 - Mg,Ga,Pのいずれか、もしくは2種以上を総計で0.0001~0.005質量%含有している
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のうちいずれか1項記載の半田ボール。 - Ge,Sb,In,P,As,Al,Auの含有量が、ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)分析による検出限界以下であるか、または前記Ge,Sb,In,P,As,Al,Auのうち少なくともいずれか1種を含有していたとしても、いずれも不可避不純物として含有されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のうちいずれか1項記載の半田ボール。 - 上記のSnが低α線Snからなり、発するα線量が1[cph/cm2]以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のうちいずれか1項記載の半田ボール。 - 複数の電子部品間を接合部によって接合した電子部材であって、該接合部の一部又は全部が請求項1~7のうちいずれか1項記載の半田ボールによって形成されている
ことを特徴とする電子部材。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/405,691 US9320152B2 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-05-12 | Solder ball and electronic member |
JP2014544846A JP5714191B1 (ja) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-05-12 | 半田ボールおよび電子部材 |
CN201480001539.7A CN104395035B (zh) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-05-12 | 钎料球以及电子构件 |
EP14804933.1A EP3006158A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-05-12 | Solder ball and electronic member |
KR1020147031663A KR20160012878A (ko) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-05-12 | 땜납 볼 및 전자 부재 |
TW103118612A TW201509582A (zh) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-05-28 | 焊球及電子構件 |
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JP2013-113421 | 2013-05-29 | ||
JP2013113421 | 2013-05-29 |
Publications (1)
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WO2014192521A1 true WO2014192521A1 (ja) | 2014-12-04 |
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ID=51988559
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PCT/JP2014/062588 WO2014192521A1 (ja) | 2013-05-29 | 2014-05-12 | 半田ボールおよび電子部材 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9320152B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3006158A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5714191B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20160012878A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104395035B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201509582A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014192521A1 (ja) |
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JP2016537206A (ja) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-12-01 | アルファ・メタルズ・インコーポレイテッドAlpha Metals, Inc. | 鉛フリーかつ銀フリーのはんだ合金 |
WO2018051973A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだボールおよびはんだ継手 |
JP2018140436A (ja) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-09-13 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ材料、はんだペースト、フォームはんだ及びはんだ継手 |
US10170442B2 (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2019-01-01 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Mount structure including two members that are bonded to each other with a bonding material layer having a first interface layer and a second interface layer |
JP2020192573A (ja) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだ粉末、およびはんだ継手 |
JP2020192574A (ja) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだ粉末、およびはんだ継手 |
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JP6011709B1 (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-10-19 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金 |
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JP6810375B1 (ja) | 2019-05-27 | 2021-01-06 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、ソルダペースト、はんだボール、ソルダプリフォーム、はんだ継手、車載電子回路、ecu電子回路、車載電子回路装置、およびecu電子回路装置 |
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- 2014-05-12 JP JP2014544846A patent/JP5714191B1/ja active Active
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JP2016537206A (ja) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-12-01 | アルファ・メタルズ・インコーポレイテッドAlpha Metals, Inc. | 鉛フリーかつ銀フリーのはんだ合金 |
WO2018051973A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだボールおよびはんだ継手 |
US10500680B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2019-12-10 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Solder alloy, solder ball, and solder joint |
US10170442B2 (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2019-01-01 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Mount structure including two members that are bonded to each other with a bonding material layer having a first interface layer and a second interface layer |
JP2018140436A (ja) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-09-13 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ材料、はんだペースト、フォームはんだ及びはんだ継手 |
JP2020192573A (ja) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだ粉末、およびはんだ継手 |
JP2020192574A (ja) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだ粉末、およびはんだ継手 |
WO2020240929A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだ粉末、およびはんだ継手 |
WO2020240927A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ合金、はんだ粉末、およびはんだ継手 |
US11583959B2 (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2023-02-21 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Solder alloy, solder power, and solder joint |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104395035A (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
JPWO2014192521A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
TW201509582A (zh) | 2015-03-16 |
US9320152B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
EP3006158A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
US20150146394A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
JP5714191B1 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
EP3006158A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
KR20160012878A (ko) | 2016-02-03 |
CN104395035B (zh) | 2017-10-20 |
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