WO2014192434A1 - ターボ圧縮機およびそれを用いたターボ冷凍機 - Google Patents
ターボ圧縮機およびそれを用いたターボ冷凍機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014192434A1 WO2014192434A1 PCT/JP2014/060329 JP2014060329W WO2014192434A1 WO 2014192434 A1 WO2014192434 A1 WO 2014192434A1 JP 2014060329 W JP2014060329 W JP 2014060329W WO 2014192434 A1 WO2014192434 A1 WO 2014192434A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gap
- axial
- impeller
- support position
- turbo compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
- F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/041—Axial thrust balancing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/042—Axially shiftable rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/046—Bearings
- F04D29/048—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/052—Axially shiftable rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
- F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
- F04D29/62—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/622—Adjusting the clearances between rotary and stationary parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
- F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a turbo compressor provided with an open type impeller and a rotating shaft supported by a magnetic bearing, and a turbo refrigerator using the same.
- Patent Document 1 a turbo compressor applied to a turbo refrigerator, a turbo compressor having a rotary shaft supported by magnetic bearings is conventionally known.
- a rotary shaft is supported by a radial magnetic bearing and a thrust magnetic bearing, a balance piston is provided on the rotary shaft, and a thrust acting on the thrust magnetic bearing by adjusting a high pressure introduced into the piston chamber. It is disclosed that the force is reduced and the thrust magnetic bearing is miniaturized.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the inlet vane opening degree is narrowed when the current value supplied to the thrust magnetic bearing reaches the current value corresponding to the allowable maximum load.
- a bypass circuit for bypassing a portion of the refrigerant gas compressed by the first stage impeller for cooling the motor, cooling the motor, and returning it to the suction side of the second stage impeller. And the pressure difference of the refrigerant gas reduces the thrust force acting on the thrust magnetic bearing.
- a thrust direction displacement sensor is provided on the rear surface of the impeller, the sensor detects the displacement of the rotation shaft in the thrust direction, and the suction force of the thrust magnetic bearing is controlled by the output signal. It is disclosed.
- Patent No. 2755714 gazette Patent No. 2809346 gazette Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 5-223090 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-83193
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and in a turbo compressor provided with an open type impeller, the clearance between the shroud and the impeller is minimized during operation to improve the efficiency and the blades. It is an object of the present invention to provide a turbo compressor and a turbo refrigerator using the same, which is intended to expand a safe operating area in which contact between a car and a shroud does not occur.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a turbocompressor comprising an open type impeller having a shroud provided on the casing side and a rotating shaft supported by a radial magnetic bearing and a thrust magnetic bearing, wherein the pressure of the compressor is The axial support position of the rotary shaft by the thrust magnetic bearing is varied based on the axial thrust load and load calculation means for calculating the axial thrust load generated by the distribution, and the gap between the impeller and the shroud is It is a turbo compressor provided with the control part which consists of an axial direction support position control means to control to a target clearance.
- the axial thrust load generated by the pressure distribution of the compressor which changes in the operating state, is calculated by the load calculation means based on the measurement value of the pressure or temperature such as suction or discharge of the compressor.
- the axial support position of the rotary shaft by the thrust magnetic bearing is varied by adjusting the current value distributed and supplied to the thrust magnetic bearing by the axial support position control means based on the above, and the gap between the impeller and the shroud
- the performance of the turbo compressor can be improved and the safe operating area is expanded by minimizing the gap between the impeller and the shroud and reducing the compressed gas leakage from the gap to enhance the compression efficiency. be able to.
- the axial support position control means detects an axial support position of the rotating shaft by the thrust magnetic bearing when the operating condition in which the axial thrust load changes suddenly is detected by the impeller.
- the shroud may be provided with a function of performing correction control at a position where the gap between the shroud and the shroud is larger than the target gap with respect to each other.
- the gap between the impeller and the shroud can be operated avoiding contact with each other.
- the operation can be performed while correcting to the minimum clearance, that is, the clearance larger than the target clearance. Therefore, when the compressor is in transient operation, the turbo compressor can be operated by giving priority to contact avoidance between the impeller and the shroud, and the risk of performance deterioration and damage due to the contact can be reduced to expand the safe operation area.
- the control unit detects the temperature of the required portion to The amount of change in the gap between the impeller and the shroud is calculated from the amount of change in axial length due to thermal expansion and the amount of change in the axial direction of the casing that sets the relative positional relationship between the shroud and the impeller. It may have a first correction means for correcting the axial support position.
- the means for detecting the axial position of the rotating shaft is, for example, a gap sensor between the thrust disk and the thrust magnetic bearing provided at the end on the non-compressor side of the rotating shaft
- the rotating shaft And thermal expansion of the casing will affect the clearance control between the impeller and the shroud, but the temperature of the rotating shaft or the required portion of the bearing, casing, etc. supporting the rotating shaft by the first correction means
- the temperature can be detected to calculate the amount of change in axial length of the rotary shaft, and based on that, the axial support position of the rotary shaft can be corrected. Therefore, the clearance between the impeller and the shroud can be properly controlled regardless of the installation position of the axial position detection means of the rotation shaft, and the freedom regarding the installation position of the detection means can be secured.
- control unit detects a change in load and / or a change in coolant temperature, and calculates the axial thrust load, or based on a preset correlation function. You may provide the 2nd correction means which correct
- the axial thrust load can be detected by detecting a change in load (a change in chilled water inlet temperature in the case of a refrigerator) and / or a change in coolant temperature, which is a direct cause of sudden changes in axial thrust load.
- the axial support position of the rotary shaft is corrected by the second correction means based on a correlation function which is calculated or set beforehand, and the gap between the impeller and the shroud is operated while avoiding mutual contact. It is possible to make the gap larger than the target gap, which is the smallest gap to be obtained. Therefore, the clearance between the impeller and the shroud can be promptly controlled to a clearance larger than the target clearance, and the contact between the impeller and the shroud can be reliably avoided to operate safely.
- control unit corrects the axial support position of the rotation shaft using a control amount change of an inlet vane opening degree of a compressor and / or a change of a rotational speed control amount of the impeller. May be provided.
- the inlet vane opening of the compressor and the number of rotations of the impeller change with changes in load and temperature of the cooling water.
- the axial support position of the rotary shaft can be corrected by the third correction means, and the gap between the impeller and the shroud can be controlled to a gap larger than the minimum gap capable of avoiding mutual contact.
- the axial support position of the rotation shaft can be corrected without time delay. Therefore, the clearance between the impeller and the shroud can be promptly controlled to a clearance which is larger than the minimum clearance for contact with each other, and the contact between the impeller and the shroud can be reliably avoided to ensure safe operation.
- an outer diameter of a rear surface of the impeller is provided in addition to a gap sensor for detecting an axial support position of the rotation shaft in proximity to the rotation shaft and / or the thrust magnetic bearing.
- a second gap sensor may be provided to detect the axial position from the side, and fourth correction means may be provided to correct the axial support position of the rotation shaft using the detection signal.
- the deformation of the impeller due to the centrifugal force at high speed rotation and the deformation due to the gas force are detected by the second gap sensor, and the axial support position of the rotating shaft is corrected by the fourth correction means based thereon.
- the gap on the outer diameter side of the impeller can be controlled to an appropriate gap.
- expansion of the gap on the outer diameter side of the impeller has a large effect on performance reduction and increase in energy consumption, while deformation due to centrifugal force and gas force at high speed rotation are also large, so the outer diameter of the impeller
- Making the gap on the side an appropriate gap is useful in suppressing the performance degradation of the compressor and the increase in energy consumption, thereby minimizing the gap between the impeller and the shroud, and the gas leakage from the gap To improve the efficiency and improve the performance of the turbo compressor.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a turbo refrigerator including a turbo compressor, a condenser, a throttle device, and an evaporator, wherein the turbo compressor is any one of the above-described turbo compressors. Machine.
- the turbo compressor of the turbo refrigerator including the turbo compressor, the condenser, the expansion device, and the evaporator is any of the above-described turbo compressors, the compression with high efficiency is achieved.
- the machine it is possible to improve the capacity as a turbo refrigerator, improve the COP, expand the safe operation area that does not generate contact between the impeller and the shroud, and so on. can do.
- the axial thrust load generated by the pressure distribution of the compressor which changes in the operating state is calculated based on the measured value of pressure or temperature such as suction or discharge of the compressor.
- the gap between the shrouds to the target gap By controlling the gap between the shrouds to the target gap, the gap between the two can be controlled to the smallest gap that can be operated without contact with each other, thus minimizing the gap between the impeller and the shroud, By reducing compressed gas leakage from the gap and enhancing compression efficiency, the performance of the turbo compressor can be improved, and a safe operating area It can be large.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a turbo compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram around the impeller of the said turbo compressor. It is a timing chart figure showing an example of dynamic control of the above-mentioned turbo compressor.
- FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a turbo compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the turbo compressor 1 is applied to a turbo refrigerator, a turbo heat pump, etc. (hereinafter, collectively referred to as a turbo refrigerator), and constitutes a known refrigeration cycle together with a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator. It is responsible for the function of circulating the inside of the refrigeration cycle by compressing low pressure refrigerant gas into high pressure refrigerant gas.
- the turbo compressor 1 here is rotated by the motor 2 and the rotary shaft 5 for rotating the two-stage impellers 3 and 4 is paired with the pair of front and rear radial magnetic bearings 7 and 8 installed on the casing 6 side.
- the turbo compressor 1 is supported by a pair of thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 disposed opposite to each other.
- the motor 2 includes a rotor 2A and a stator 2B, is fixedly installed at a central portion of the casing 6 on the motor chamber 6A side, and a substantially central portion of the rotating shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the rotor 2A. .
- a thrust disk 11 is fixedly installed at a rear end portion of the rotating shaft 5, and a pair of thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 are disposed opposite to each other with a predetermined gap interposed between the thrust disk 11.
- the pair of thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 generate a magnetic attraction force by the current supplied to the coil, and the thrust disk 11 is positioned at the center to support the thrust load applied to the rotating shaft 5 ing. Therefore, by controlling the distribution of the current supplied to each coil and controlling the magnetic attraction force of each bearing 9, 10 with respect to the thrust disk 11, the axial support position of the rotating shaft 5 can be controlled to an arbitrary position. Is possible.
- the low-pressure refrigerant gas sucked from the suction port 14 via the inlet vane 15 is incorporated by the low-stage compression section 12 into a two-stage compression mechanism including the high-stage compression section 13 in which 4 is disposed.
- the high-pressure refrigerant gas is compressed, and the discharged gas is sucked by the high-stage compression unit 13 so that the high-pressure refrigerant gas is compressed in two stages.
- the impellers 3 and 4 are directly connected to the front end side of the rotating shaft 5 and are rotationally driven by the motor 2.
- the first stage impeller 3 and the second stage impeller 4 are so-called open-type impellers in which the shrouds 16 and 17 are separated from the impellers 3 and 4 and provided on the casing 6 side.
- a minute gap S is provided between each of the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17.
- an auxiliary bearing radial bearing
- the bearing rigidity is generally lower than that of a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing, and the bearing gap (maximum operating gap) is large.
- the gap S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 tends to be set large.
- the clearance S affects the leakage of the compressed gas and affects the compression efficiency, it is desirable to make it as small as possible. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to make the gap S as small as possible, the following configuration is adopted.
- the axial thrust load Ft applied to the rotation shaft 5 is calculated by the pressure distribution of the low-stage compression section 12 and the high-stage compression section 13, and the axial thrust load Ft is used.
- the gap S between the first stage impeller 3 and the second stage impeller 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 is set as a target gap S1 (e.g. It can be controlled to 1 mm). It is assumed that the target gap S1 is set to the minimum gap where the gap S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 can be operated while avoiding mutual contact.
- the axial thrust load Ft of the turbo compressor 1 can be calculated by the following. As shown in FIG. 2, pressure sensors 18, 19, 20 and 21 are respectively provided on the suction side, discharge side, suction side and discharge side of the second stage impeller 4 of the first stage impeller 3, and their detected values are P1f. : 1st stage impeller suction pressure [MPa] P1b: 1-stage impeller discharge pressure [MPa] P2f: 2-stage impeller suction pressure [MPa] P2b: 2-stage impeller discharge pressure [MPa] I assume.
- D1f 1-stage impeller front side diameter [mm]
- D1o 1-stage impeller outer diameter [mm]
- D1b 1-stage impeller rear side diameter [mm]
- D2f Two-stage impeller front side diameter [mm]
- D2o Two-stage impeller outer diameter [mm]
- D2b 2-stage impeller rear seal outer diameter [mm]
- F1 f 1-stage impeller front side thrust load [N]
- F1b 1-stage impeller rear side thrust load [N]
- F2f 2-stage impeller front side thrust load [N]
- F2b 2-stage impeller front side thrust load [N]
- Ft Axial thrust load [N] [pi]: When assuming the circumferential ratio, the thrust loads [N] F1 f, F1 b, F2 f and F2 b can be calculated from the following equations (1) to (4).
- F1f [. Pi. * D1f2 * Pvane1 / 4 + .pi. / 2 * (D1o-D1f) * ⁇ (P1b-Pvane1) * (D1o3-D1f3) / 3 + (Pvane1 * D1o-P1b * D1f) * (D1o2-D1f2) / 2 ⁇ ] / 100 * 9.80665 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (1)
- F1b ⁇ * P1b * (D1 o2 ⁇ D1 b2) / 4 ⁇ /100*9.80665 (2)
- F2f [ ⁇ * P1f * (D2f2-D1f2) / 4 + ⁇ / 2 * (D2o-D2f) * ⁇ (P2b-P2f) * (D2o3-D2f3) / 3 + (P2f * D2o-P2b * D2f) * (D2o2- D2f2) / 2 ⁇ ] / 100 * 9.80665 (3)
- F2b ⁇ * Ptank * D2rr2 / 4 + ⁇ * P2b / 4 * (D2o2 + D2rr2) ⁇ / 100 * 9.80665 (4)
- the axial thrust load [N] Ft of the turbo compressor 1 can be calculated by the following equation (5) as the sum of the equations (1) to (4).
- Ft F1f + F1b + F2f + F2b (5)
- the control unit 22 of the turbo compressor 1 calculates the axial thrust load [N] Ft applied to the rotating shaft 5 by the above equations (1) to (5) based on the detection values of the pressure sensors 18, 19, 20, 21.
- the load calculation means 23 By controlling the load calculation means 23 to be calculated and the current value distributed and supplied to the thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 based on the calculated value, the axial support position of the rotating shaft 5 by the thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 is variably controlled
- axial direction support position control means 24 for controlling the gap S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 to the target gap S1.
- the target gap S1 is set to the minimum gap which can drive the gaps S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 while avoiding contact with each other.
- the axial support position control means 24 detects each operating wheel 3, 3, when an operating condition in which the axial thrust load [N] Ft suddenly changes is detected, that is, when it is determined that the turbo compressor 1 is in a transient operating state.
- a gap S2 (for example, 0.2 mm) larger than the target gap S1 (0.1 mm), which is the smallest gap that can be operated by avoiding the contact between the gaps S and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 It is configured to have a function of correcting and controlling the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 at the position where
- the clearance S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 is smaller than at other transient operation states (A) to (E).
- the correction control is performed to a much larger gap S3. That is, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the maximum control width of the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 is in the range from the maximum control width of the shaft (front) to the maximum control width of the shaft (rear).
- the clearance S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 is the target clearance S1 at the maximum control width of the axis (forward)
- the impeller 3 at the maximum control width (rear) of the axis is set to be the clearance S2 when the clearance S is the maximum clearance S3 and in the middle thereof.
- Gap sensors (thrust direction displacement sensors) 25, 26 and 27 are disposed at the front end position of the rotary shaft 5 and at a pair of thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 positions. While the gap sensor 25 directly detects the front end position of the rotary shaft 5 to detect the axial support position, the gap sensors 26 and 27 have a pair of thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 and a thrust. The axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 is detected from the gap between the disks 11.
- gap sensors 26 and 27 for detecting the gap between the pair of thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 and the thrust disk 11 are respectively installed as reference gaps of 0.3 mm
- the thrust disk 11, that is, the rotary shaft 5 is moved forward by 0.1 mm, and each gap It is supported at an axial position of 0.2 mm on the side and 0.4 mm on the rear side.
- the thrust disk 11 is supported at the center position where each gap is a reference gap of 0.3 mm on the front side and 0.3 mm on the rear side.
- the thrust disk 11 is supported at an axial position with a gap of 0.4 mm on the front side and 0.2 mm on the rear side.
- the following correction means is provided to the control unit 22.
- the gap sensors 26 and 27, which are means for detecting the axial position of the rotary shaft 5 are installed at positions away from the low-stage compression section 12 and the high-stage compression section 13. There is. In this case, it is conceivable that thermal expansion of the rotating shaft 5 affects the control of the gap S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17.
- the temperature sensor 30, 31 detects the temperature of the rotary shaft 5 or the bearing 7, which supports the rotary shaft 5, and the casing 6, etc., and the axial length variation due to the thermal expansion of the rotary shaft 5
- the amount of change in the tip clearance clearance between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 is calculated from the axial direction change amount of the casing 6 to set the relative positional relationship between the impellers 3 and 4 and Correction means (first correction means) 40 for correcting the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 and correcting the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 by the gap sensors 26, 27 It may be controlled to S1, S2 and S3.
- the transient operation state of the turbo compressor 1 is detected by a sudden change of the axial thrust load [N] Ft, but with regard to the fluctuation of the load and / or the fluctuation of the coolant temperature, Whether the axial thrust load [N] Ft is calculated based on the detected values from the temperature sensors 32, 33 detecting the chilled water inlet temperature of the evaporator of the turbo refrigerator and the coolant inlet temperature of the condenser Or a correction means (second correction means) 50 for correcting the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 based on a preset correlation function, and the second correction means 50 sets the gap S to the gap S2 It may be controlled.
- the degree of opening of the inlet vane 15 of the compressor and / or the number of rotations of the impellers 3 and 4 are controlled to control the refrigeration capacity in accordance with fluctuations in load and fluctuations in coolant temperature.
- Correction means for correcting the axial support position of the rotating shaft 5 using the change of the opening degree control amount of the inlet vane 15 and the change of the rotation speed control amount of the impellers 3 and 4 instead of the second correction means 50 The third correction means 60 may be provided, and the third correction means 60 may control the gap S to the gap S2.
- the gap sensors 25, 26 and 27 are installed at the front end position of the rotating shaft 5 and the pair of thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10, and the axial support position of the rotating shaft 5 is detected.
- gap sensors (second gap sensors) 28 and 29 for detecting the axial position from the back side are provided at the outer diameter side position of the back of the impellers 3 and 4 and the detection is performed
- the gap S may be controlled to the gap S2 by providing a correction means (fourth correction means) 70 for correcting the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 by a signal.
- detecting the amount of deformation on the outer diameter side of the impellers 3 and 4 to control the clearance S means that the clearance S on the outer diameter side is enlarged due to the deformation of the blades (impellers) of the impellers 3 and 4. Since the deformation due to the centrifugal force and the gas force during the high speed rotation of the impellers 3 and 4 are large while the influence on the performance decrease and the increase in the energy consumption is large, the clearance on the outer diameter side of the impellers 3 and 4 Controlling S to an appropriate gap can be useful for reducing gas leakage and suppressing the performance decrease of the compressor 1 and the increase of energy consumption.
- the thrust magnetic bearings 9, 10 change the axial support position of the thrust disk 11, that is, the rotating shaft 5 by controlling the distribution of the current supplied to each coil, and between the impellers 3, 4 and the shrouds 16, 17
- the gap S between the shrouds 16 and 17 can be controlled to the gap S2 (0.2 mm)
- the gap S can be controlled to S1 (0.1 mm)
- the gap S can be controlled to S3 (0.3 mm).
- the axial thrust load Ft applied to the rotating shaft 5 is detected by the pressure sensors 18, 19, 20, 21 which detect the suction and discharge pressures of the impellers 3, 4 by the load calculation means 23 of the controller 22. Based on the equation (1) to (5), it can be calculated.
- the turbo compressor 1 enters the transitional operation state of (A) to (E) above. As shown in FIG. 3, the thrust disk 11 is positioned at the center position by the thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10, the gap S is S2, and the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17
- the turbo compressor 1 can be operated with priority given to contact avoidance.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing an example of dynamic control during operation of the turbo compressor 1, and as also shown in this timing chart, an abnormality of the refrigerator which is one of the transient operation states
- the thrust disk 11 is positioned on the rear side of the maximum control width so that the gap S can be controlled to a larger gap S3 (0.3 mm).
- the axial thrust load Ft does not change suddenly and is stable, it is determined by the axial support position control means 24 that the turbo compressor 1 is in a stable operation state, and the thrust disk 11 is determined by the thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10.
- the target gap S1 (0.1 mm) Control to operate the turbo compressor 1.
- the axial thrust load Ft generated by the pressure distribution of the turbo compressor 1 changing in the operating state is calculated based on the measurement values of the suction, discharge, etc. pressure of the turbo compressor 1.
- the axial direction of the rotating shaft 5 by the thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 is calculated by adjusting the current value distributed and supplied to the thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 by the axial direction support position control means 24 calculated by the means 23 based on the value.
- the performance of the turbo compressor 1 is improved by minimizing the clearance S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 and reducing the compressed gas leakage from the clearance S to enhance the compression efficiency.
- the axial support position control means 24 detects an operating condition in which the axial thrust load changes rapidly, the axial support position of the rotating shaft 5 by the thrust magnetic bearings 9 and 10 is determined by the impellers 3 and 4 and the shroud 16. 17 has a function of correcting and controlling the position where the gap S between them and S17 is a gap S2 larger than the target gap S1 with respect to mutual contact, the axial direction thrust load is suddenly changed by the axial direction support position control means 24
- the clearance S between the shrouds 16 and 17 and the impellers 3 and 4 is a minimum clearance that can be operated while avoiding mutual contact, that is, a clearance S2 larger than the target clearance S1.
- the turbo compressor 1 when the turbo compressor 1 is in transient operation, the turbo compressor 1 is operated with priority given to the contact avoidance between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 to reduce the risk of performance deterioration and damage due to contact. Safe driving area can be expanded.
- the thermal expansion of the rotation shaft 5 is Affects the control of the clearance S between the shrouds 16 and 17 and the impellers 3 and 4, but the control unit 23 is provided with the first correction means 40, and the temperature of the rotating shaft 5 or the rotating shaft 5 Detects the temperature of the required part such as the bearing 7 and casing 6 supporting the shaft, and sets the amount of change in axial length due to thermal expansion of the rotating shaft 5 and the relative positional relationship between the shrouds 16 and 17 and the impellers 3 and 4 The amount of change in the tip clearance clearance between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 is calculated from the amount of change in the axial direction of the casing 6 and the axial support position of the rotating shaft 5 is corrected based thereon.
- the axial direction of the rotating shaft 5 Regardless of the installation position of the means for detecting the position, the gap S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 can be properly controlled, and accordingly, regarding the installation position of the gap sensors 26 and 27 which are detection means.
- the degree of freedom can be secured.
- control unit 22 detects a change in load and / or a change in coolant temperature with the cold water inlet temperature sensor 32 and the coolant inlet temperature sensor 33, and calculates the axial thrust load Ft or sets it in advance.
- a second correction means 50 is provided for correcting the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 based on the correlation function being used, and the load fluctuation (in the case of a refrigerator) which is a direct cause of the sudden change of the axial thrust load Ft.
- the second correction means 50 calculates the axial thrust load Ft by detecting the fluctuation of the evaporator chilled water inlet temperature and / or the condenser cooling water inlet temperature, or based on a preset correlation function.
- the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 is corrected.
- the gap S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 is smaller than the target gap S1, which is the smallest gap that can be operated without contact with each other.
- the clearance S between the impellers 3 and 4 and the shrouds 16 and 17 is promptly controlled to a clearance S2 larger than the target clearance S1, and the impellers 3 and 4 and the shroud 16 It is possible to drive safely by reliably avoiding contact with 17.
- the control unit 22 corrects the axial support position of the rotary shaft 4 using the change in the opening degree control amount of the inlet vane 15 of the turbo compressor 1 and / or the change in the rotation speed control amount of the impellers 3 and 4
- the gap S2 can be controlled to be larger than the minimum gap S1. In this case, since a load for moving the axial position simultaneously with the change of the control amount is applied, the axial support position of the rotary shaft 5 can be corrected without time delay.
- the opening degree of the inlet vanes 15 of the turbo compressor 1 and the rotation speed of the impellers 3 and 4 change at the time of fluctuation of load and fluctuation of cooling water temperature, but change of the control amount is caught and the impeller is promptly
- the clearance S between 3, 4 and the shrouds 16, 17 is controlled to the clearance S2 which is larger than the minimum clearance S1 for mutual contact, and the contact with the impellers 3, 4 and the shrouds 16, 17 is reliably avoided to ensure safe operation. can do.
- a second gap sensor 28, 29 for detecting the axial position from the rear side is provided at the outer diameter side position of the rear face of 3 and 4, and the axial support position of the rotating shaft is corrected using the detection signal
- the correction means 70 is provided. Therefore, deformation due to centrifugal force and deformation due to gas force during high speed rotation of the impellers 3 and 4 are detected by the second gap sensor 28 and 29, and based on that, the axis of the rotating shaft 5 is detected by the fourth correction means 70. By correcting the direction support position, the gap S on the outer diameter side of the impellers 3 and 4 can be controlled to an appropriate gap.
- expansion of the gap S on the outer diameter side of the impellers 3 and 4 has a large effect on performance reduction and increase in energy consumption, while deformation due to centrifugal force and gas force at high speed rotation are also large.
- Providing the gap S on the outer diameter side of the vehicles 3 and 4 as the appropriate gap is useful for suppressing the performance decrease of the turbo compressor 1 and the increase of the energy consumption, whereby the impellers 3 and 4 and the shroud It is possible to minimize the gap S between 16, 17 and reduce the gas leakage from the gap S to enhance the efficiency and improve the performance of the turbo compressor 1.
- the capacity of the turbo refrigerator can be improved and the COP can be improved, and the impellers 3, 4 and the shrouds 16, 17 It is possible to expand the safe operation area which does not generate the contact of H. Therefore, the performance of the turbo refrigerator can be further enhanced.
- the present invention is not limited to the invention according to the above-described embodiment, and appropriate modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
- an example of a two-stage turbo compressor provided with two stages of impellers has been described, but it can be similarly applied to a single-stage turbo compressor or a multistage turbo compressor having three or more stages.
- the axial thrust load is calculated by detecting each pressure of suction / intermediate suction / discharge has been described, each temperature is detected and an axial thrust load is calculated from the saturation pressure. Of course you may do it.
- the thrust disk 11 is provided at the rear end of the rotating shaft 5, it is disposed close to the compression unit between the motor 2 and the high-stage compression unit 13 or the like. It is also possible to omit the first correction means 40 in this case. Further, the specific setting values S1, S2, S3 of the gap S between the impellers 3, 4 and the shrouds 16, 17 illustrated in the above embodiment and the specific setting values of the gap sensors 26, 27 are assumed setting values Note that it is not an actual design value.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の態様は、シュラウドがケーシング側に設けられているオープン型の羽根車を備え、回転軸がラジアル磁気軸受およびスラスト磁気軸受により支持されているターボ圧縮機において、圧縮機の圧力分布によって生じる軸方向スラスト荷重を算出する荷重算出手段と、その軸方向スラスト荷重に基づいて前記スラスト磁気軸受による前記回転軸の軸方向支持位置を可変し、前記羽根車と前記シュラウド間の隙間を目標隙間に制御する軸方向支持位置制御手段とからなる制御部を備えているターボ圧縮機である。
図1には、本発明の一実施形態に係るターボ圧縮機の全体構成図が示されている。
ターボ圧縮機1は、ターボ冷凍機、ターボヒートポンプ等(以下、総称してターボ冷凍機という。)に適用されるものであり、凝縮器、絞り装置、蒸発器と共に公知の冷凍サイクルを構成し、低圧の冷媒ガスを高圧の冷媒ガスに圧縮することによって冷凍サイクル内を循環させる機能を担うものである。
なお、ラジアル磁気軸受7,8により回転軸5を支持しているターボ圧縮機では、ラジアル磁気軸受7,8が故障した場合や停止時に回転軸5を支持する、補助軸受(ラジアル軸受)が設けられているが、本実施形態では、記載が省略されているものとする。
図2に示されるように、1段羽根車3の吸込側、吐出側、2段羽根車4の吸込側、吐出側にそれぞれ圧力センサ18,19,20,21を設け、その検出値を
P1f:1段羽根車吸込圧力[MPa]
P1b:1段羽根車吐出圧力[MPa]
P2f:2段羽根車吸込圧力[MPa]
P2b:2段羽根車吐出圧力[MPa]
とする。
D1f:1段羽根車前面側径[mm]
D1o:1段羽根車外径[mm]
D1b:1段羽根車背面側径[mm]
D2f:2段羽根車前面側径[mm]
D2o:2段羽根車外径[mm]
D2b:2段羽根車背面シール外径[mm]
F1f:1段羽根車前面側スラスト荷重[N]
F1b:1段羽根車背面側スラスト荷重[N]
F2f:2段羽根車前面側スラスト荷重[N]
F2b:2段羽根車前面側スラスト荷重[N]
Ft:軸方向スラスト荷重[N]
π:円周率
としたとき、各スラスト荷重[N]F1f、F1b、F2f、F2bは、下記(1)ないし(4)式から算出することができる。
Ft=F1f+F1b+F2f+F2b・・・(5)
(A)圧縮機の起動または停止時
(B)サージングの発生時
(C)負荷の変動時
(D)冷却水温度の変動時
(E)回転数の急変時
(F)冷凍機が異常停止時
等が想定され、これらの運転状態では、軸方向スラスト荷重Ftが急変することから、その運転状態が検知されると、軸方向支持位置制御手段24は、各羽根車3,4とシュラウド16,17間の隙間Sを、軸方向スラスト荷重Ftの急変によって回転軸5の位置が変動しても両者が接触することがないように、目標隙間S1よりも大きい隙間S2に補正するようにしている。
(1)上記の実施形態では、回転軸5の軸方向位置を検知する手段であるギャップセンサ26,27が、低段側圧縮部12および高段側圧縮部13から離れた位置に設置されている。この場合、各羽根車3,4とシュラウド16,17間の隙間Sの制御に際し、回転軸5の熱膨張が影響することが考えられる。
そこで、回転軸5あるいはそれを支持する軸受7、更にはケーシング6等の所要部位の温度を温度センサ30,31により検知し、回転軸5の熱膨張による軸長変化量と、シュラウド16,17と羽根車3,4の相対的位置関係を設定するケーシング6の軸方向変化量とから羽根車3,4とシュラウド16,17間のチップクリアランス隙間の変化量を演算し、その演算値に基づいて回転軸5の軸方向支持位置を補正する補正手段(第1の補正手段)40を設け、ギャップセンサ26,27による回転軸5の軸方向支持位置を補正することにより、上記隙間Sを隙間S1,S2,S3に制御するようにしてもよい。
ターボ圧縮機1が運転されることにより、1段羽根車3および2段羽根車4の吸込み側および吐出側において、それぞれ吸込み圧、吐出力が立ち、その圧力分布によって高圧側から低圧側に向う軸方向スラスト荷重Ftが図2に示す矢印方向に発生し、それが回転軸5にかかることになる。この回転軸5にかかる軸方向スラスト荷重Ftは、一対のスラスト磁気軸受9,10を介して支持される。
また、上記実施形態では、吸込み/中間吸込み/吐出の各圧力を検出して軸方向スラスト荷重を算出する例について説明したが、それぞれの温度を検出し、その飽和圧力から軸方向スラスト荷重を算出するようにしてもよいことはもちろんである。
2 モータ
3 1段羽根車(羽根車)
4 2段羽根車(羽根車)
5 回転軸
6 ケーシング
7,8 ラジアル磁気軸受
9,10 スラスト磁気軸受
11 スラストディスク
15 入口ベーン
16,17 シュラウド
18,19,20,21 圧力センサ
22 制御部
23 荷重算出手段
24 軸方向支持位置制御手段
25,26,27 ギャップセンサ
28,29 第2のギャップセンサ
30,31 温度センサ
32 冷水入口温度センサ
33 冷却水入口温度センサ
40 第1の補正手段
50 第2の補正手段
60 第3の補正手段
70 第4の補正手段
Ft 軸方向スラスト荷重
S 羽根車とシュラウド間の隙間
Claims (7)
- シュラウドがケーシング側に設けられているオープン型の羽根車を備え、回転軸がラジアル磁気軸受およびスラスト磁気軸受により支持されているターボ圧縮機において、
圧縮機の圧力分布によって生じる軸方向スラスト荷重を算出する荷重算出手段と、
その軸方向スラスト荷重に基づいて前記スラスト磁気軸受による前記回転軸の軸方向支持位置を可変し、前記羽根車と前記シュラウド間の隙間を目標隙間に制御する軸方向支持位置制御手段とからなる制御部を備えているターボ圧縮機。 - 前記軸方向支持位置制御手段は、前記軸方向スラスト荷重が急変する運転条件を検知した時、前記スラスト磁気軸受による前記回転軸の軸方向支持位置を、前記羽根車と前記シュラウド間の隙間が互いの接触に対して前記目標隙間よりも大きい隙間となる位置に補正制御する機能を備えている請求項1に記載のターボ圧縮機。
- 前記制御部は、前記回転軸の軸方向位置を検知する手段が圧縮部から離れた位置に設置されている場合、所要部位の温度を検知して前記回転軸の熱膨張による軸長変化量と、前記シュラウドと前記羽根車の相対的位置関係を設定する前記ケーシングの軸方向変化量とから前記羽根車と前記シュラウド間の隙間の変化量を演算し、それに基づいて軸方向支持位置を補正する第1の補正手段を備えている請求項1または2に記載のターボ圧縮機。
- 前記制御部は、負荷の変動および/または冷却水温度の変動を検知し、前記軸方向スラスト荷重を演算するか、もしくは予め設定されている相関関数に基づいて前記回転軸の軸方向支持位置を補正する第2の補正手段を備えている請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載のターボ圧縮機。
- 前記制御部は、圧縮機の入口ベーン開度の制御量変化および/または前記羽根車の回転数制御量の変化を用いて前記回転軸の軸方向支持位置を補正する第3の補正手段を備えている請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載のターボ圧縮機。
- 前記回転軸の軸方向支持位置を検知するギャップセンサを、前記回転軸および/または前記スラスト磁気軸受に近接して設置する以外に、前記羽根車の外径位置に対して第2のギャップセンサ設け、その検知信号を用いて前記回転軸の軸方向支持位置を補正する第4の補正手段を備えている請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載のターボ圧縮機。
- ターボ圧縮機、凝縮器、絞り装置、蒸発器から構成されるターボ冷凍機において、
前記ターボ圧縮機が、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のターボ圧縮機とされているターボ冷凍機。
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US14/784,821 US10858951B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-04-09 | Turbo compressor and turbo chiller using same |
CN201480021533.6A CN105121860B (zh) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-04-09 | 涡轮压缩机及使用该涡轮压缩机的涡轮制冷机 |
EP14803573.6A EP2966305B1 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2014-04-09 | Turbo compressor and turbo chiller using same |
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CN115680887A (zh) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-02-03 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | 一种航空发动机磁轴承控制系统及方法 |
CN115680887B (zh) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-05-17 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | 一种航空发动机磁轴承控制系统及方法 |
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US20160061210A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
CN105121860A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
EP2966305A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
JP6090926B2 (ja) | 2017-03-08 |
EP2966305B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
EP2966305A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
US10858951B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
JP2014231826A (ja) | 2014-12-11 |
CN105121860B (zh) | 2019-05-14 |
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