WO2014188650A1 - 錠剤検査装置及び錠剤検査方法 - Google Patents
錠剤検査装置及び錠剤検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014188650A1 WO2014188650A1 PCT/JP2014/002042 JP2014002042W WO2014188650A1 WO 2014188650 A1 WO2014188650 A1 WO 2014188650A1 JP 2014002042 W JP2014002042 W JP 2014002042W WO 2014188650 A1 WO2014188650 A1 WO 2014188650A1
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- tablet
- light
- unit
- translucent
- image
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9508—Capsules; Tablets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
- A61J1/03—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for pills or tablets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
- A61J1/03—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for pills or tablets
- A61J1/035—Blister-type containers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J2205/00—General identification or selection means
- A61J2205/40—General identification or selection means by shape or form, e.g. by using shape recognition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/845—Objects on a conveyor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
- G01N2021/8841—Illumination and detection on two sides of object
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tablet inspection apparatus and a tablet inspection method for inspecting a tablet enclosed in a medicine package.
- the inspection of the dispensing is performed after the dispensing operation.
- the tablet packaging machine performs a packaging operation of wrapping different types of tablets in a medicine package that is a medicine bag.
- the tablet inspection apparatus binarizes an image obtained by photographing the medicine package, and then performs tablet inspection by counting the number of tablets in the binarized image.
- Tablets include translucent tablets that transmit light and opaque tablets that block light.
- translucent tablets vary in transparency depending on the type of the translucent tablets, and the brightness on the image of the translucent tablets is also different.
- the translucent tablet lightness distribution may partially overlap with the background lightness distribution. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately inspect.
- FIG. 6 shows a conceptual diagram of transmission of a translucent tablet and a photographed image when diffused light is used as illumination.
- light that can be received by the imaging unit 11 is limited to light that travels along the lines 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d, 35e, 35f, and 35g.
- the light passing through the central portion of the translucent tablet 22 travels linearly along the line 35d, and the refraction at the translucent tablet 22 increases as the distance from the outer periphery increases in the order of the lines 35c, 35b, and 35a.
- the light emitting unit 31 when the light emitted from the light emitting unit 31 is diffused light, the light irradiation angle varies, and thus the light emitting unit can be used at any angle of the lines 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d, 35e, 35f, and 35g.
- the light emitted from 31 reaches the imaging unit 11. Therefore, a low-brightness pixel indicating the translucent tablet 22 is not generated, and the outline of the translucent tablet 22 is not clearly reflected in the transmission image acquired by the imaging unit 11.
- the opaque tablet 21 in the medicine package 20 is clearly shown as in the transmission image shown in FIG.
- the transparent film of the medicine package 20 as a background transmits light
- the translucent tablet 22 also transmits light depending on the transmittance.
- the lightness of the background and the translucent tablet 22 is approximately the same. Therefore, even if processing such as binarization and edge extraction is performed on the captured image, only the outer peripheral portion of the translucent tablet 22 can be extracted slightly, and clear separation from the background is difficult. In such a case, it is difficult to adjust the threshold value by binarizing the captured image, and the outline of the translucent tablet 22 is often interrupted. Furthermore, by performing smoothing processing on the captured image for other noise removal processing, the outline of the translucent tablet 22 is removed in the same manner as noise. Therefore, even if image processing is performed, it cannot be accurately detected as the translucent tablet 22.
- the background indicates a region where no tablet is present in the captured image, and is a region that transmits only the transparent film.
- FIG. 7 shows a conceptual diagram and a photographed image of transmission of a translucent tablet when parallel light is used as illumination.
- the illumination unit 30 includes a parallel light conversion unit 32 and a light emitting unit 31 that convert diffused light into parallel light in order to emit parallel light.
- Fig.7 (a) when the light irradiated from the illumination part 30 is parallel light, since the variation in an irradiation angle is small, the location which cannot permeate
- FIG. 8 is a figure explaining the parallel light irradiated from an illumination part.
- the light (lines 36a and 36g) that passes through the medicine package travels straight because it does not cause refraction.
- the light that passes through the transparent tablet (lines 36b to 36f) the light that passes through the outer peripheral portion of the translucent tablet 22 is refracted significantly, so that the light does not reach the imaging unit 11, and the translucent tablet The brightness of the outer peripheral part of 22 falls.
- the light that passes through the vicinity of the central portion of the translucent tablet 22 has a small amount of refraction, so that the image pickup unit 11 receives the light and increases the brightness.
- the refractive index is determined by the curvature of the translucent tablet 22, the brightness of the outer peripheral portion of the translucent tablet 22 becomes low regardless of the transmittance of the translucent tablet 22.
- the translucent tablet 22 can be clearly separated from the background and accurately detected.
- FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram in the case where the translucent tablet 22 is present at a position shifted from the vertically lower side of the imaging unit 11, and FIG. 9B is a photographed image. As shown in FIG. 9B, when the photographing position is deviated from the vertically lower side of the imaging unit 11, the contour of the translucent tablet 22 is biased, and the contour cannot be recognized due to this bias. .
- the present invention obtains a uniform contour of a translucent tablet regardless of the photographing position, and can perform inspection of the translucent tablet regardless of the transmittance.
- An object is to provide an inspection apparatus and a tablet inspection method.
- the tablet inspection apparatus of the present invention according to claim 1, an illumination unit that irradiates light to a medicine package in which at least a translucent tablet is enclosed, an imaging unit that acquires a transmission image of the irradiated medicine package, An image processing unit that detects, as the translucent tablet, a tablet having a lower lightness at the outer periphery than the center using the transmission image, and the illumination unit includes a light emitting unit, and the light emitting unit and the medicine A condensing part for condensing the light is provided between the packaging body.
- the light emitting unit emits diffused light, and the diffused light is converted into parallel light between the light emitting unit and the light collecting unit.
- a parallel light conversion unit for conversion is provided.
- the condensing part is a convex lens or a Fresnel lens.
- a dome illumination unit is provided between the medicine package and the imaging unit.
- the tablet inspection method of the present invention according to claim 5 is a method for obtaining a transmission image by irradiating light to a medicine package in which at least a translucent tablet is encapsulated, and using the transmission image, the outer peripheral portion rather than the central portion. A tablet having low brightness is detected as the translucent tablet, and the light from the illumination unit is condensed on the imaging unit.
- the present invention can provide a tablet inspection apparatus and a tablet inspection method capable of inspecting a translucent tablet regardless of the transmittance by obtaining a uniform contour of the translucent tablet regardless of the photographing position. it can.
- the block diagram which shows the tablet inspection apparatus by one Example of this invention
- the flowchart which shows the method of performing a tablet test
- the tablet inspection apparatus is provided with a condensing part for condensing light between the light emitting part and the medicine package.
- the semitransparent tablet can be inspected regardless of the transmittance by obtaining the uniform contour of the translucent tablet regardless of the photographing position.
- the second embodiment of the present invention emits diffused light in the light emitting unit, and converts the diffused light into parallel light between the light emitting unit and the light collecting unit.
- a parallel light conversion unit is provided.
- the uniform outline of a translucent tablet can be obtained by condensing parallel light after converting diffused light into parallel light.
- the condensing unit is a convex lens or a Fresnel lens. According to the present embodiment, the distance between the illumination unit and the medicine package can be shortened by using the Fresnel lens.
- the fourth embodiment of the present invention has a dome illumination unit between the medicine package and the imaging unit in the tablet inspection apparatus according to any one of the first to third embodiments. According to this Embodiment, even when it has dome illumination, the uniform outline of a translucent tablet can be obtained without being influenced by dome illumination.
- the tablet inspection method obtains a transmission image by irradiating light to a medicine package in which at least a translucent tablet is enclosed, and uses the transmission image to obtain an outer peripheral portion rather than a central portion. Is detected as a semi-transparent tablet, and the light from the illumination unit is collected on the imaging unit. According to the present embodiment, the semitransparent tablet can be inspected regardless of the transmittance by obtaining the uniform contour of the translucent tablet regardless of the photographing position.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a tablet inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a parallel light conversion unit used in the tablet inspection apparatus.
- symbol is attached
- the drawings schematically show each component mainly.
- the tablet inspection device inspects the medicine package 20 as to whether or not an appropriate tablet is wrapped according to the prescription.
- the medicine package 20 is a tablet packaging machine (not shown) that wraps tablets according to a prescription.
- the tablet inspection apparatus acquires an image of a medicine package 20 including an opaque tablet and a translucent tablet by an imaging unit 11 in order to perform an inspection operation.
- the image processing unit 12 counts the tablets based on the image of the medicine pack 20 acquired by the imaging unit 11, collates the counted number with the number of tablets described in the prescription, and appropriately stores the medicine pack. It is determined whether or not a tablet is enclosed in the body 20.
- a camera unit is used as the imaging unit 11, and the imaging unit 11 acquires a transmission image of the medicine pack 20 irradiated with light from the illumination unit 30.
- the imaging unit 11 includes an image element and a lens.
- the mounting table 13 conveys the medicine package 20.
- the mounting table 13 includes a guide unit 15 provided at an end of a mounting surface on which the medicine package 20 is mounted, and a transparent plate 16 through which light from the illumination unit 30 passes.
- the guide unit 15 includes a driving roller and a guide roller (not shown) inside. Then, the end of the medicine pack 20 is sandwiched between the driving roller and the guide roller, and the driving roll is rotated to move the medicine pack 20 along the guide portion 15.
- the mounting table 13 is disposed between the imaging unit 11 and the illumination unit 30.
- the imaging unit 11 faces the mounting surface of the mounting table 13 on which the medicine package 20 is mounted and is above the illumination unit 30.
- the imaging unit 11 captures the medicine pack 20 irradiated with light from below the placement surface from above, and acquires a transmission image of the medicine pack 20.
- the display unit 14 displays the tablet image detected by the image processing unit 12 by connecting to the image processing unit 12. Therefore, the inspector can also visually inspect using the display unit 14.
- a dome illumination unit 40 is provided below the imaging unit 11 and above the transparent plate 16.
- the medicine pack 20 is imaged by the imaging unit 11 when irradiated with light from the dome illumination unit 40.
- the illumination unit 30 irradiates the medicine package 20 enclosing the translucent tablet 22 and the opaque tablet 21 with light.
- the illumination unit 30 includes a light emitting unit 31 that emits diffused light, a parallel light converting unit 32 that converts the diffused light into parallel light, and a light collecting unit 33 that collects the parallel light.
- a light emitting unit 31 for example, an LED with a diffusion plate attached is used.
- a convex lens or a Fresnel lens is used for the light collecting unit 33.
- the distance from the imaging unit 11 to the light collecting unit 33 is equal to the focal length of the light collecting unit 33.
- the distance from the imaging unit 11 to the light collecting unit 33 is set equal to one half of the focal length of the light collecting unit 33.
- the medicine package 20 contains an opaque tablet 21 that blocks light and a translucent tablet 22 that transmits light with a certain transmittance.
- the opaque tablet 21 is a tablet that blocks light. Many common tablets are opaque tablets 21.
- the translucent tablet 22 is a tablet in which a chemical solution is wrapped with a transparent film. Therefore, the degree of light transmission varies depending on the degree of transmission of the chemical solution. Moreover, since the translucent tablet 22 wraps the drug solution, it has a rounded shape such as a sphere, a spheroid, or a capsule.
- the medicine package 20 includes a mount area 20a having a lower transparency than a transparent film for printing, and a non-mount area 20b of the transparent film.
- the imaging unit 11 acquires a transmission image of the medicine pack 20.
- This transmission image contains the translucent tablet 22 with the low brightness of the outer peripheral part obtained.
- the image processing unit 12 detects the contour of the translucent tablet 22 from the transmission image of the medicine package 20 by utilizing the fact that the brightness of the outer peripheral portion of the translucent tablet 22 is lowered. Then, after the tablet inspection apparatus acquires a transmission image of the medicine pack 20 by the imaging unit 11, the tablet inspection apparatus detects the translucent tablet 22 included in the transmission image of the medicine pack 20, and the transmission image of the medicine pack 20 is displayed. The opaque tablet 21 contained is detected.
- the tablet inspection apparatus inspects tablets by such a method. Details of the check of the number of tablets performed by the tablet inspection apparatus will be described later with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the parallel light conversion unit 32 is a member that converts diffused light into parallel light.
- the parallel light conversion unit 32 is formed by stacked bodies 32c and 32d in which transmission bands 32a that transmit visible light and absorption bands 32b that absorb visible light are alternately stacked.
- the laminated body 32c and the laminated body 32d are arranged so that the lamination direction of the transmission band 32a and the absorption band 32b of the laminated body 32c is orthogonal to the lamination direction of the transmission band 32a and the absorption band 32b of the laminated body 32d.
- the parallel light conversion unit 32 transmits only light incident at a predetermined incident angle out of the diffused light emitted from the light emitting unit 31, and absorbs light incident at other incident angles. Since the parallel light conversion unit 32 passes only light having a predetermined incident angle, the light emitted from the parallel light conversion unit 32 becomes parallel light.
- the parallel light is collected by the light collecting unit 33.
- a louver film can be used for the parallel light conversion unit 32.
- FIG. 3A is a conceptual diagram of transmission of the translucent tablet 22 when light is condensed on the imaging unit 11, and FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a transmitted image of the photographed translucent tablet 22.
- FIG. 3A shows a translucent tablet 22 ⁇ / b> A that is directly below the imaging unit 11 and a translucent tablet 22 ⁇ / b> B that is shifted from the vertical part of the imaging unit 11.
- the translucent tablet 22 is a rounded tablet. Therefore, the translucent tablet 22 serves as a lens, and the transmitted light that passes through the outer peripheral portion of the translucent tablet 22 is refracted, and the transmitted light that passes through the central portion travels straight.
- the transmitted light that passes through the center reaches the imaging unit 11 and becomes brighter as in the case of parallel light, but the transmitted light that passes through the outer peripheral part increases.
- the light incident on is weakened and the brightness is lowered.
- the translucent tablet 22 has a rounded shape such as a sphere, a spheroid, or a capsule, and since the refractive index gradually changes from the outer periphery to the center of the translucent tablet 22, the outer periphery where the brightness decreases is somewhat With a width of Furthermore, since the low brightness area matches the contour shape of the transparent tablet 22, image processing for comparing the shapes, for example, image processing such as pattern matching is facilitated.
- the contour is biased as shown in FIG. 9.
- all the transmitted light that passes through the translucent tablet 22B goes to the imaging unit 11, and therefore, the transmitted light that passes through the center portion reaches the imaging unit 11 and the brightness is increased without causing a bias in the outline.
- the transmitted light passing through the outer peripheral portion the light incident on the imaging unit 11 becomes weak and the brightness is lowered.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of transmission of the translucent tablet when the dome illumination shown in FIG. 1 is provided.
- FIG. 4A shows a case according to the present embodiment in which light is condensed on the imaging unit
- FIG. 4B shows a transmission image of the translucent tablet
- FIG. 4C shows a comparative example using diffused light
- FIG. 4D shows a comparative example using parallel light.
- the thickness of the arrow indicates the intensity of light.
- the light from the light collecting unit 33 is rarely reflected by the dome illumination unit 40.
- the characteristic of the illumination using parallel light ie, the characteristic that the brightness of the central part of the translucent tablet 22 is high and the brightness of the outer peripheral part is low is emphasized.
- the comparative example using the diffused light shown in FIG. 4C and the comparative example using the parallel light shown in FIG. 4D strong light hits the periphery of the dome illumination unit 40. These lights are reflected by the dome illumination unit 40. Therefore, the reflected light from the dome illumination unit 40 uniformly hits the translucent tablet 22, and the brightness of the entire translucent tablet 22 is increased.
- the feature of illumination using parallel light that is, the feature that the lightness of the central portion of the translucent tablet 22 is high and the lightness of the outer peripheral portion is low becomes thinner due to the lightness of the entire translucent tablet 22 being increased, Detection of the translucent tablet 22 becomes difficult.
- the outline is clear even in the opaque tablet 21 located at a position away from directly below the imaging unit 11.
- the outline of the outer peripheral portion of the translucent tablet 22 is uniform and clear. Therefore, the image processing unit 12 can easily detect the contours of the opaque tablet 21 and the translucent tablet 22 from the transmission image.
- the detection of the translucent tablet 22 is performed by pattern matching between the transmission image and the sample image of the translucent tablet 22, and the number of the detected translucent tablets 22 is calculated. Further, since the images of the opaque tablet 21 and the translucent tablet 22 are different from each other due to the difference in transmittance, in the present embodiment, the opaque tablet 21 and the translucent tablet 22 can be clearly distinguished.
- the image processing unit 12 performs thinning and edge extraction with extreme values on the transmission image before pattern matching between the transmission image and the sample image of the translucent tablet 22, and the translucent tablet 22 is obtained from the transmission image.
- the process which detects the outline of is performed.
- noise is removed and the outline of the tablet becomes clear.
- the brightness of the outer peripheral portion of the translucent tablet 22 is low, and the width is constant.
- the refractive index of the light reaching the imaging unit 11 varies depending on the posture of the tablet and the relative position from the imaging unit 11.
- variety and the narrow part of the outer peripheral part with low brightness will arise.
- the influence of the relative position from the imaging unit 11 is reduced, and the width of the outer peripheral part having low brightness is made uniform.
- the semi-transparent tablet 22 such as pattern matching, it becomes possible to minimize the adverse effect that the outline of the translucent tablet 22 is interrupted by making the width of the outer peripheral portion uniform. Since the refractive index from the central part to the outer peripheral part of the translucent tablet 22 changes stepwise, the brightness of the outer peripheral part of the translucent tablet 22 changes stepwise from the central part. However, the brightness changes extremely on the outermost side of the translucent tablet 22.
- the size of the contour is also determined by the size of each tablet, so that stable pattern matching processing that is not affected by the position or posture of the tablet is possible.
- the medicine package 20 includes a mount area 20a having a lower transparency than the transparent film for printing and a non-mount area 20b of the transparent film. If the translucent tablet 22 is on the boundary line between the mount area 20a and the non-mount area 20b in order to weaken the light of the illumination unit 30, the mount area 20a has a lightness of one translucent tablet 22 on the mount area 20a side. It differs on the non-mounting area 20b side. As a result, erroneous detection may occur when the contour of the translucent tablet 22 is detected.
- the transmission image of the medicine package 20 is divided into a mount area 20a and a non-mount area 20b, and the translucent tablet 22 is separated from the mount area 20a.
- the contour of the translucent tablet 22 is detected by using two threshold values, a mount region threshold for detecting the contour and a non-mounting region threshold for detecting the contour of the translucent tablet 22 from the non-mount region 20b.
- the image processing unit 12 uses two thresholds for detecting the contour of the translucent tablet 22.
- the transparent tablet 22 can be detected as one tablet.
- the image processing unit 12 recognizes the longest line and the next longest line as the boundary line of the mount area 20a, and identifies the area between the two lines as the mount area 20a. Since the mount area 20a is conspicuously formed in a wide range, the mount area 20a can be easily identified by detecting the longest line and the next longest line.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a tablet inspection method using the tablet inspection apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the tablet inspection apparatus condenses the parallel light from the parallel light conversion unit 32 on the imaging unit 11 by the condensing unit 33, and irradiates the medicine pack 20 including the translucent tablet 22 with the parallel light.
- a transmission image including the translucent tablet 22 having a low brightness is obtained (step S01).
- the transmission image includes an image of the opaque tablet 21 and an image of the translucent tablet 22.
- the tablet inspection device detects the translucent tablet 22 from the transmission image.
- the tablet inspection device performs an edge extraction process by the Canny method on the transmission image of the medicine package 20.
- a straight line is extracted from the edge image obtained by the edge extraction process by the hough transform.
- the longest two straight lines extending in the longitudinal direction of the mount area 20a are combined, and the inside is extracted as the mount area 20a.
- the mode values of the pixels other than the mount area 20a and the mount area 20a are compared, and the threshold for edge extraction in step S03 is calculated based on the ratio (step S02).
- the tablet inspection apparatus performs edge extraction by the Canny method and thinning by an extreme value on the transmission image of the medicine package 20 (step S03).
- the translucent tablet 22 is detected by pattern matching with the sample image from the edge extracted image subjected to the edge extraction in step S03. Specifically, a sample image with only an outline is created by the image processing unit 12 based on the size of the translucent tablet 22 described in the prescription, and the sample image and the edge image of the transmission image of the medicine pack 20 are subjected to pattern matching.
- the translucent tablet 22 is detected from the transmission image. Then, the detected number of translucent tablets 22 is calculated as the number of translucent tablets 22 (step S04). From step S01 to step S04, the number of translucent tablets 22 wrapped in the medicine package 20 can be accurately calculated.
- the tablet inspection device detects the opaque tablet 21.
- the translucent tablet 22 is removed from the transmission image of the medicine package 20 (step S05).
- the transmission image from which the translucent tablet 22 has been removed is binarized (step S06).
- the number of opaque tablets 21 is calculated by corner extraction from the binarized transmission image. Since the opaque tablet 21 remains in the transmission image of the binarized medicine package 20, the calculated number of tablets is the number of opaque tablets 21 (step S07).
- the sum of the detected number of translucent tablets 22 and the number of opaque tablets 21 is compared with the number of tablets in the prescription to determine whether the appropriate number of tablets is in the medicine pack 20 ( Step S08).
- the number of tablets is checked by determining whether or not the sum of the number of translucent tablets 22 calculated in step S04 and the number of opaque tablets 21 calculated in step S07 is an appropriate number of tablets. From step S01 to step S08, the total number of tablets wrapped in the medicine package 20 is calculated. In this way, the tablet inspection apparatus can inspect the translucent tablet 22 regardless of the transparency of the translucent tablet 22.
- the illumination unit 30 is formed by combining the light emitting unit 31, the parallel light conversion unit 32, and the light collecting unit 33 in order to irradiate the medicine pack 20 with light.
- the light collecting unit 33 may be formed by using, for example, a transparent plate as a Fresnel lens.
- the parallel light conversion part 32 may use a honeycomb board other than a louver film.
- the structure which illuminates parallel light from the light emission part 31 1 m or more away from the medicine package 20 without using the parallel light conversion part 32 may be sufficient.
- the opaque tablet 21 is detected as the translucent tablet 22 when there are the opaque tablet 21 and the translucent tablet 22 having a similar outer peripheral shape.
- the image processing unit 12 detects a semi-transparent tablet 22 having a pixel with high brightness at the center of the tablet detected in the transmission image so that the semi-transparent tablet 22 can be accurately detected. Is desirable.
- the translucent tablet 22 always has a pixel with high brightness at the center. Therefore, even if the shape of the opaque tablet 21 and the shape of the sample image of the translucent tablet 22 are the same, if there is no pixel with high brightness at the center of the tablet, the tablet inspection apparatus makes the tablet opaque. It may be determined as the tablet 21 and may be determined as the translucent tablet 22 when a pixel with high brightness exists in the center of the tablet. By doing in this way, the opaque tablet 21 and the translucent tablet 22 can be distinguished and detected.
- the tablet inspection apparatus and tablet inspection method of the present invention are useful in pharmacies, hospital facilities, and the like that must be dispensed.
Abstract
Description
錠剤には、光を通す半透明錠剤と光を遮断する不透明錠剤がある。
また、半透明錠剤は、その種類によって透過度のバラつきがあり、半透明錠剤の画像上の明度も異なる。半透明錠剤の種類によっては、半透明錠剤の明度分布が背景の明度分布と部分的に重複するものがある。従って、正確に検査を行いにくい。
図6(a)に示すように、撮像部11で受光できる光は、線35a、35b、35c、35d、35e、35f、35gに沿って進むものに限られる。半透明錠剤22の中心部を通る光は、直線的に線35dに沿って進み、線35c、35b、35aの順に、外周部に近くなる程、半透明錠剤22での屈折が大きくなる。このように、発光部31より照射される光が拡散光であると、光の照射角が様々であるため、線35a、35b、35c、35d、35e、35f、35gのどの角度においても発光部31より照射された光は撮像部11に届く。よって、半透明錠剤22を示す明度の低い画素は生成されず、撮像部11で取得される透過画像に、半透明錠剤22の輪郭は明瞭に写らない。
照明として拡散光を用いた場合には、図6(b)に示す透過画像のように、薬包体20内の不透明錠剤21は明瞭に写っている。しかし、背景となる薬包体20の透明フィルムは光を透過し、半透明錠剤22も透過度によっては同様に光を透過する。そのため、背景と半透明錠剤22の明度が同程度になる。よって、撮像画像に2値化やエッジ抽出等の処理を行っても、半透明錠剤22の外周部のみを若干抽出できるだけで、背景との明確な切り分けが難しい。このような場合、撮像画像の2値化による閾値の調整は難しく、また、半透明錠剤22の輪郭が途切れてしまうことも多い。さらに、その他のノイズの除去処理のために撮像画像に平滑化処理を施すことで、ノイズと同様に半透明錠剤22の輪郭が除去されてしまう。そのため、画像処理を行っても正確に半透明錠剤22として検出することができない。なお、ここで、背景とは、撮像画像において錠剤が存在しない領域を示し、透明フィルムのみを透過する領域のことである。
図7では、照明部30は、平行光を発光するために、拡散光を平行光へ変換する平行光変換部32と発光部31とを有する。
図7(a)に示すように、照明部30より照射される光が平行光であると、照射角のバラツキが小さいため、光を透過することのできない箇所が半透明錠剤22に生じる。線35dのような照射角に近い角度の光は撮像部11に到達する。しかし、線35a、35b、35c、35e、35f、35gのように角度を持っている光は、平行光変換部32より照射されている照射光が角度を持たないため、撮像部11に入射する光が弱くなり、半透明錠剤22の外周部の明度が低くなる。
よって、図7(b)に示すように、半透明錠剤22の中心部の明度が高く、外周部の明度が低くなるため、撮像部11で取得される透過画像に、半透明錠剤22の輪郭が明瞭に写る。
図8に示すように、照明部30から照射される平行光のうち、薬包体を透過する光(線36a、36g)は屈折を起こさないため直進する。しかし、透明錠剤を透過する光(線36b~36f)のうち、半透明錠剤22の外周部を透過する光は顕著に屈折するために、撮像部11へその光が到達せず、半透明錠剤22の外周部の明度が低下する。一方、半透明錠剤22の中心部付近を透過する光は屈折量が少ないため、撮像部11で光を受光して明度が高くなる。
ここで、半透明錠剤22の曲率によって屈折率が決まるため、半透明錠剤22の透過度とは関係なく半透明錠剤22の外周部の明度は低くなる。平行光により半透明錠剤22の外周部の明度が低くなることを利用して、半透明錠剤22を背景と明確に切り分け、正確に検出することができる。
なお、平行光を照射することについては特許文献1に記載されている。
しかし、撮像部11の鉛直下方に半透明錠剤22が存在する場合には、輪郭を明確にすることができるが、半透明錠剤22が撮像部11の鉛直下方からずれた位置に存在する場合には、輪郭に偏りが生じる。
図9(a)は半透明錠剤22が撮像部11の鉛直下方からずれた位置に存在する場合の説明図であり、図9(b)は撮影画像である。
図9(b)に示すように、撮影位置が撮像部11の鉛直下方からずれた場合には、半透明錠剤22の輪郭に偏りが生じており、この偏りによって輪郭を認識できない場合が発生する。
請求項2記載の本発明は、請求項1に記載の錠剤検査装置において、前記発光部では拡散光を発光し、前記発光部と前記集光部との間に、前記拡散光を平行光に変換する平行光変換部を設けたことを特徴とする。
請求項3記載の本発明は、請求項2に記載の錠剤検査装置において、前記集光部を、凸レンズ又はフレネルレンズとしたことを特徴とする。
請求項4記載の本発明は、請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の錠剤検査装置において、前記薬包体と前記撮像部との間にドーム照明部を有することを特徴とする。
請求項5記載の本発明の錠剤検査方法は、少なくとも半透明錠剤が封入された薬包体に光を照射して透過画像を取得し、前記透過画像を用いて、中心部よりも外周部の明度が低い錠剤を前記半透明錠剤として検出し、照明部からの前記光を、前記撮像部に集光することを特徴とする。
図1は本発明の一実施例による錠剤検査装置を示す構成図、図2は同錠剤検査装置に用いる平行光変換部の斜視図である。なお、同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する場合もある。また、図面は理解しやすくするために、それぞれの構成要素を主体に模式的に示している。
錠剤検査装置は、薬包体20に対して、処方箋通りに適切な錠剤が包まれているか否かを検査する。なお、薬包体20は、図示しない錠剤分包機が処方箋に従った錠剤を包んだものである。
載置台13は、薬包体20を載置する載置面の端部に設けたガイド部15と、照明部30の光を通す透明板16を有する。ガイド部15は、内部に駆動ローラとガイドローラ(図示せず)を有する。そして、駆動ローラとガイドローラの間に薬包体20の端を挟み、駆動ローラを回転させることで、薬包体20をガイド部15に沿って移動させる。また、載置台13は、撮像部11と照明部30との間に配置される。
撮像部11は、薬包体20を載置する載置台13の載置面に対向し、照明部30の上方にある。撮像部11は、載置面の下方から光を照射された薬包体20を上方から撮影し、薬包体20の透過画像を取得する。
撮像部11の下方、透明板16の上方には、ドーム照明部40を備えている。薬包体20は、ドーム照明部40から光を照射されることによって撮像部11で撮像される。
撮像部11から集光部33までの距離は、集光部33の焦点距離と等しくする。なお、本実施例では、拡散光を平行光変換部32にて平行光に変換した後に集光部33にて集光する場合を説明するが、単一光源から拡散する光を集光してもよい。その場合、撮像部11から集光部33までの距離は、集光部33の焦点距離の2分の1と等しくする。
不透明錠剤21は、光を遮断する錠剤である。一般的な錠剤の多くは、不透明錠剤21である。
半透明錠剤22は、薬液を透明膜で包んだ錠剤である。よって、光の透過の程度は、その薬液の透過の程度によって異なる。また、半透明錠剤22は、薬液を包んだものであるために、球、回転楕円体、カプセル等の丸みを帯びた形状をしている。
薬包体20は、印字を行なうために透明フィルムよりも透過度を低くした台紙領域20aと、透明フィルムの非台紙領域20bからなる。
そして、錠剤検査装置は、撮像部11で薬包体20の透過画像を取得した後、薬包体20の透過画像に含まれる半透明錠剤22を検出すると共に、薬包体20の透過画像に含まれる不透明錠剤21を検出する。そして、検出された半透明錠剤22の個数および不透明錠剤21の個数との和と処方箋の錠剤数とを比較して、適切な錠剤数が薬包体20にあるか否を判定することで、錠剤数のチェックを行なう。錠剤検査装置は、このような方法で錠剤の検査を行なう。錠剤検査装置で行う錠剤数のチェックの詳細については、図7のフローチャートで後述する。
図3(a)は光を撮像部11に集光させた場合における半透明錠剤22の透過の概念図、図3(b)は撮影された半透明錠剤22の透過画像を示す図である。
図3(a)では、撮像部11の鉛直直下にある半透明錠剤22Aと、撮像部11の鉛直直下からずれた位置にある半透明錠剤22Bとを示している。
半透明錠剤22は丸みを帯びた錠剤である。そのため、半透明錠剤22がレンズの役割となり、半透明錠剤22の外周部を通る透過光は屈折し、中心部を通る透過光は直進する。
撮像部11の鉛直直下にある半透明錠剤22Aでは、平行光と同様に、中心部を通る透過光は撮像部11に到達して明度が高くなるが、外周部を通る透過光は撮像部11に入射する光が弱くなり明度が低くなる。半透明錠剤22は球、回転楕円体、カプセル等の丸みを帯びた形状であり、半透明錠剤22の外周部から中心部にかけて屈折率が徐々に変化するため、明度が低くなる外周部がある程度の幅を持つ。さらに明度の低い領域は透明錠剤22の輪郭形状と一致するため、形状を比較する画像処理、例えばパターンマッチング等の画像処理が容易になる。
撮像部11の鉛直直下からずれた位置にある半透明錠剤22Bでは、平行光の場合には図9に示すように輪郭に偏りを生じる。しかし、本実施例では半透明錠剤22Bを通る透過光が全て撮像部11に向かうために、輪郭に偏りを生じることなく、中心部を通る透過光は撮像部11に到達して明度が高くなり、外周部を通る透過光は撮像部11に入射する光が弱くなり明度が低くなる。
図4(a)では、集光部33によって光を撮像部11に集光させているため、集光部33からの光がドーム照明部40で反射されることは少ない。ドーム照明部40からの反射光が少ないため、平行光を用いた照明の特徴、すなわち、半透明錠剤22の中心部の明度が高く、外周部の明度が低いという特徴が強調される。
これに対して、図4(c)に示す拡散光を用いた比較例や、図4(d)に示す平行光を用いた比較例では、ドーム照明部40の周辺に強い光が当たるため、これらの光がドーム照明部40によって反射してしまう。そのため、ドーム照明部40からの反射光が半透明錠剤22にも均一に当たり、半透明錠剤22全体の明度が高くなる。これにより、平行光を用いた照明の特徴、すなわち、半透明錠剤22の中心部の明度が高く、外周部の明度が低いという特徴が、半透明錠剤22全体の明度が高くなることにより薄まり、半透明錠剤22の検出が困難となる。
このように、画像処理部12が半透明錠剤22の輪郭を検出すための二つの閾値を用いることで、半透明錠剤22が台紙領域20aと非台紙領域20bに存在していたとしても、半透明錠剤22を1つの錠剤として検出することができる。
なお、画像処理部12は、エッジ抽出を行なった際に、最も長い線と次に長い線を台紙領域20aの境界線として認識し、その2本の線の間を台紙領域20aとして識別する。台紙領域20aは目立つように広い範囲で形成されるため、最も長い線と次に長い線を検出することで、台紙領域20aを容易に識別することができる。
図5は、本実施例にかかる錠剤検査装置を用いた錠剤検査方法を示すフローチャートである。
まず、錠剤検査装置は、平行光変換部32からの平行光を集光部33で撮像部11に集光させ、その平行光を半透明錠剤22を含む薬包体20に照射して、外周部の明度が低い半透明錠剤22を含む透過画像を取得する(ステップS01)。ここで透過画像は、不透明錠剤21の画像と半透明錠剤22の画像を含む。
次に、錠剤検査装置は、透過画像より半透明錠剤22の検出を行なう。半透明錠剤22の検出のための閾値を算出するために、錠剤検査装置は、薬包体20の透過画像に、Canny法によるエッジ抽出処理を施す。エッジ抽出処理により得られたエッジ画像からhaugh変換により直線を抽出する。直線抽出により得られた直線のうち、台紙領域20aの長手方向に伸びる最も長い2本の直線を組みにし、その内部を台紙領域20aとして抽出する。台紙領域20aと台紙領域20a以外の画素の最頻値を比較し、その比率によりステップS03のエッジ抽出のための閾値を算出する(ステップS02)。不透明錠剤21及び半透明錠剤22の輪郭を明瞭とするために、錠剤検査装置は、薬包体20の透過画像に、Canny法によるエッジ抽出及び極値による細線化を施す(ステップS03)。ステップS03でエッジ抽出が施されたエッジ抽出画像から、半透明錠剤22を、サンプル画像とのパターンマッチングにより検出する。詳細には、輪郭のみのサンプル画像を、処方箋に記された半透明錠剤22の大きさより画像処理部12で作成し、そのサンプル画像と薬包体20の透過画像のエッジ画像とをパターンマッチングし、透過画像中から半透明錠剤22を検出する。そして、この検出された半透明錠剤22の個数を、半透明錠剤22の個数として算出する(ステップS04)。ステップS01からステップS04により、薬包体20に包まれた半透明錠剤22の個数を正確に算出することができる。
次に、検出された半透明錠剤22の個数および不透明錠剤21の個数との和と、処方箋の錠剤数とを比較して、適切な錠剤数が薬包体20にあるか否を判定する(ステップS08)。ステップS04で算出された半透明錠剤22の個数とステップS07で算出された不透明錠剤21の個数との和が適切な錠剤数であるか否かを判定することで錠剤数のチェックを行なう。ステップS01からステップS08により、薬包体20に包まれた錠剤の総数を算出する。
このようにして、錠剤検査装置は、半透明錠剤22の透過度に関係なく半透明錠剤22の検査を行なうことができる。
なお、透過画像からパターンマッチングによって半透明錠剤22を検出しようとすると、外周部の形状が似た不透明錠剤21と半透明錠剤22とがある場合に、不透明錠剤21を半透明錠剤22として検出してしまうこともある。そこで、正確に半透明錠剤22を検出することができるように、画像処理部12は、透過画像において検出された錠剤の中心部に明度の高い画素があるものを半透明錠剤22として検出するのが望ましい。
本実施例における錠剤検査装置を用いると、半透明錠剤22には、必ず中心部に明度の高い画素が存在する。そのために、不透明錠剤21の形状と半透明錠剤22のサンプル画像の形状とが同じであったとしても、錠剤の中心部に明度の高い画素が存在しなければ、錠剤検査装置は、錠剤を不透明錠剤21として判定し、錠剤の中心部に明度の高い画素が存在すると半透明錠剤22として判定してもよい。
このようにすることで、不透明錠剤21と半透明錠剤22とを区別して検出することができる。
12 画像処理部
13 載置台
14 表示部
15 ガイド部
16 透明板
20 薬包体
20a 台紙領域
20b 非台紙領域
21 不透明錠剤
22 半透明錠剤
30 照明部
31 発光部
32 平行光変換部
33 集光部
40 ドーム照明部
Claims (5)
- 少なくとも半透明錠剤が封入された薬包体に光を照射する照明部と、
照射された前記薬包体の透過画像を取得する撮像部と、
前記透過画像を用いて、中心部よりも外周部の明度が低い錠剤を前記半透明錠剤として検出する画像処理部とを備え、
前記照明部は、発光部を有し、前記発光部と前記薬包体との間に、前記光を集光する集光部を設けたことを特徴とする錠剤検査装置。 - 前記発光部では拡散光を発光し、前記発光部と前記集光部との間に、前記拡散光を平行光に変換する平行光変換部を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の錠剤検査装置。
- 前記集光部を、凸レンズ又はフレネルレンズとしたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の錠剤検査装置。
- 前記薬包体と前記撮像部との間にドーム照明部を有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の錠剤検査装置。
- 少なくとも半透明錠剤が封入された薬包体に光を照射して透過画像を取得し、
前記透過画像を用いて、中心部よりも外周部の明度が低い錠剤を前記半透明錠剤として検出し、
照明部からの前記光を、前記撮像部に集光することを特徴とする錠剤検査方法。
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JP2015518055A JP6379088B2 (ja) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-04-09 | 錠剤検査装置及び錠剤検査方法 |
US14/892,870 US9958400B2 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-04-09 | Pill inspection apparatus and pill inspection method |
CN201480025383.6A CN105208995B (zh) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-04-09 | 药片检查装置以及药片检查方法 |
EP14801582.9A EP3000458B1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-04-09 | Pill inspection device and pill inspection method |
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JP6100136B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-03-22 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 薬剤認識装置及び方法 |
EP3367103A1 (de) | 2017-02-28 | 2018-08-29 | Sotax Ag | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung wenigstens eines physikalischen parameters pharmazeutischer produkte |
EP3633609A4 (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2020-04-08 | FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. | AUXILIARY DEVICE ASSESSMENT DEVICE AND AUXILIARY ASSESSMENT METHOD |
CN108154154B (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2022-03-29 | 广东三维家信息科技有限公司 | 一种规则方格中药片数量检测方法 |
CN110208267B (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-02 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种适应不同透射率目标的海洋生物双向光场原位观测方法 |
DE102022110826A1 (de) * | 2022-05-03 | 2023-11-09 | Tt Innovation Ag | Vorrichtung zum Manipulieren von Behälter enthaltenden Beuteln |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2014188650A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US9958400B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
JP6379088B2 (ja) | 2018-08-22 |
EP3000458A4 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
EP3000458B1 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
EP3000458A1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
US20160109385A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
CN105208995A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
CN105208995B (zh) | 2020-01-14 |
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