WO2014188566A1 - ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump device and an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator equipped with the heat pump device.
- the winding inductance of the rotor changes depending on the position of the rotor.
- the refrigeration cycle temperature is below a predetermined value and a predetermined time has elapsed.
- the AC voltage of 14 kHz or higher which is higher than the normal frequency during normal operation, is supplied to the motor inside the compressor while shifting the phase to efficiently heat the liquid refrigerant, and the refrigerant stays in the compressor.
- Patent Document 2 A technique for preventing this is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 2).
- a section in which the current flowing through the motor winding is relatively stable near the peak is defined as a current detection section, and the refrigerant staying in the compressor is vaporized based on the peak current value detected at this timing.
- a technique for calculating an optimum voltage command value for obtaining electric power necessary for discharging and keeping the amount of heating of the compressor constant irrespective of the influence of manufacturing variation or environmental variation is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 4 since the technique described in Patent Document 4 divides the sampling period into a plurality of equal parts, there is no relationship between the current detection timing and the current period, and the detection timing shifts with respect to the current period. When this occurs, there is a problem that the power detection accuracy is lowered and the amount of power supplied to the compressor motor may not be kept constant.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and when supplying a high-frequency voltage having a frequency higher than that during normal operation to the compressor motor and performing energization restraint, the amount of power supplied to the compressor motor is constant.
- the heat pump device capable of efficiently and surely preventing the liquid refrigerant from staying inside the compressor by keeping the amount of heating to the compressor constant, and the air conditioner and heat pump equipped with the heat pump device
- An object is to provide a water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator.
- a heat pump device includes a compressor having a compression mechanism for compressing a refrigerant and a compressor motor for driving the compression mechanism, a heat exchanger,
- a heat pump apparatus comprising: an inverter that applies a desired voltage to a compressor motor; and an inverter control unit that generates a drive signal for driving the inverter, wherein the inverter control unit is in an operation standby state of the compressor , Supplying a high-frequency voltage having a frequency higher than that during normal operation to the compressor motor to output a high-frequency voltage phase command when performing the restraint energization of the compressor motor, and performing a high-frequency energization when performing the restraint energization Before the phase corresponding to one cycle of the high-frequency energization cycle from the inter-phase voltage, phase voltage, or phase current of the compressor motor for a plurality of cycles
- a constrained energization control unit that restores each inter-phase
- the amount of power supplied to the compressor motor is kept constant, and the amount of heating to the compressor Can be kept constant, and the liquid refrigerant can be prevented from staying in the compressor efficiently and reliably.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an inverter in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an inverter control unit in the heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the heating power command generation unit in the heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing signal waveforms for explaining a method for generating each voltage command value and each PWM signal.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating eight switching patterns in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a high-frequency voltage phase command generation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of 1 structure of the direct current energization command generation part in the heat pump apparatus concerning Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating signal waveforms at the time of restraint energization in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows one structural example of the high frequency electricity supply instruction
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing ON / OFF states of the switching elements in the inverter corresponding to the voltage vectors.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a current waveform of each phase when the reference phase ⁇ f is 0 °, 30 °, and 60 °.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the stop position of the rotor of the IPM motor.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the position of the rotor and each phase current.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of a power calculation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating signal waveforms for explaining a method of detecting each line voltage and each phase current in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating signal waveforms when the bus voltage value of the inverter fluctuates.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a difference between the line voltage waveform and the phase current waveform due to the difference in the bus voltage value of the inverter.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the power calculation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration different from that of FIG. 17 of the power calculation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of a high-frequency voltage command generation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a comparative example of the constant voltage control and the control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a refrigeration cycle according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a Mollier diagram showing the state transition of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- the heat pump device 100 according to the first embodiment includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, a heat exchanger 3, an expansion mechanism 4, and a heat exchanger 5 that are sequentially connected via a refrigerant pipe 6.
- a refrigeration cycle 50 is formed.
- the basic structure which forms the refrigerating cycle 50 is shown, and it is set as the figure which abbreviate
- the compressor motor 8 is a three-phase motor having U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase motor windings.
- An inverter 9 is electrically connected to the compressor motor 8.
- the inverter 9 is connected to a DC voltage source 11 and uses the DC voltage (bus voltage) Vdc supplied from the DC voltage source 11 as a power source, and the voltage Vu is applied to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings of the compressor motor 8. Vv and Vw are applied, respectively.
- an inverter control unit 10 is electrically connected to the inverter 9.
- the inverter control unit 10 outputs a drive signal for driving the inverter 9 to the inverter 9.
- the inverter control unit 10 has two operation modes, a normal operation mode and a heating operation mode.
- the inverter control unit 10 In the normal operation mode, the inverter control unit 10 generates and outputs a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal (drive signal) for rotationally driving the compressor motor 8. Further, in the heating operation mode, unlike the normal operation mode, the inverter control unit 10 energizes the compressor motor 8 so as not to rotationally drive during operation standby (hereinafter referred to as “restraint energization”). 8 is an operation mode in which the liquid refrigerant staying inside the compressor 1 is heated, vaporized and discharged.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- this heating operation mode by applying a high-frequency current that cannot be followed by the compressor motor 8 to the compressor motor 8 (hereinafter referred to as “high-frequency energization”), heat generated in the compressor motor 8 is generated. Utilizing this, the liquid refrigerant staying inside the compressor 1 is heated.
- the operating frequency at the time of the compression operation is about 1 kHz at most, when high-frequency energization is performed during the operation standby of the compressor 1, a high-frequency voltage of 1 kHz or more that is the operating frequency at the time of the compression operation is applied to the compressor. What is necessary is just to apply to the motor 8. For example, if a high frequency voltage of 14 kHz or higher is applied to the compressor motor 8, the vibration sound of the iron core of the compressor motor 8 approaches the upper limit of the audible frequency, which is effective in reducing noise. Here, for example, if a high frequency voltage of about 20 kHz outside the audible frequency is set, noise can be further reduced. However, when high frequency energization is performed, in order to ensure reliability, the inverter 9 It is desirable to apply a high-frequency voltage below the maximum rated frequency of the switching element.
- the compressor motor 8 is an interior magnet type motor having an IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet) structure
- IPM Interior Permanent Magnet
- the inverter control unit 10 includes a restraint energization control unit 12 and a drive signal generation unit 13 as components that realize the heating operation mode.
- the restraint energization control unit 12 includes a power calculation unit 14, a high frequency voltage command generation unit 15, a high frequency voltage phase command generation unit 16, and a heating power command generation unit 17.
- a part of the constituent elements for realizing the normal operation mode is omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the inverter 9 in the heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the inverter 9 includes switching elements 70a to 70f that are bridge-connected, and freewheeling diodes 80a to 80f that are connected in parallel to the switching elements 70a to 70f, respectively.
- This inverter 9 is connected to a DC voltage source 11 and uses a bus voltage Vdc as a power source, and switching corresponding to each by PWM signals (UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN) sent from the inverter control unit 10.
- PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN
- the elements are driven (UP corresponds to the switching element 70a, VP corresponds to the switching element 70b, WP corresponds to the switching element 70c, UN corresponds to the switching element 70d, VN corresponds to the switching element 70e, and WN corresponds to the switching element 70f).
- Three-phase voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw applied to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase windings are generated.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of a configuration example of the inverter control unit according to the first embodiment.
- the inverter control unit 10 includes the electric power calculation unit 14, the high-frequency voltage command generation unit 15, the high-frequency voltage phase command generation unit 16, and the heating power command generation unit 17, and the voltage command calculation.
- the drive signal generation part 13 provided with the part 19 and the PWM signal generation part 20 is comprised.
- the high-frequency voltage phase command generation unit 16 generates and outputs a high-frequency voltage phase command ⁇ when performing restraint energization.
- the power calculation unit 14 is configured to output interphase voltages, phase voltages, or phase currents of the compressor motor 8 for a plurality of periods of high-frequency energization cycles when performing energization restraint (“V”, “I” in FIG. 3). From the above, each inter-phase voltage, each phase voltage, or each phase current corresponding to one period of the high-frequency energization period is restored, and each detected value corresponding to one period of the restored high-frequency energization period is used. Then, the power value P supplied to the compressor motor 8 is calculated.
- a known detector is used. The present invention is not limited by the configuration and type of each detector.
- the heating power command generator 17 detects at least one of the temperature and the atmospheric temperature of any component or component constituting the heat pump device 100 (denoted as “T” in FIG. 3) and compresses the compressor. 1 is estimated, and a heating power command P * necessary for discharging the liquid refrigerant to the outside of the compressor 1 is generated.
- the high frequency voltage command generation unit 15 generates a high frequency voltage command V * such that the power value P calculated by the power calculation unit 14 matches the heating power command P * generated by the heating power command generation unit 17.
- the voltage command calculation unit 19 generates three-phase (U phase, V phase, W phase) voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, Vw * based on the high frequency voltage command V * and the high frequency voltage phase command ⁇ .
- the PWM signal generation unit 20 generates PWM signals (UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN) for driving the inverter 9 based on the three-phase voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, Vw * and the bus voltage Vdc. Generate.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the heating power command generation unit in the heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the heating power command generator 17 detects the ambient temperature (for example, the outside air temperature) Tc around the compressor 1 and the temperature (compressor temperature) To of the compressor 1, and based on the ambient temperature Tc and the compressor temperature To. Then, the amount of liquid refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 is estimated.
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle 50 condenses and accumulates at the lowest temperature among the constituent parts forming the refrigeration cycle 50. Since the compressor 1 has the largest heat capacity among the components forming the refrigeration cycle 50, the compressor temperature To rises with a delay with respect to the rise in the ambient temperature Tc, as shown in FIG. 4B. The temperature will be the lowest. For this reason, the liquid refrigerant stays inside the compressor 1.
- the heating power command generation unit 17 performs, for example, a unit time t as shown in FIG. 4B based on the relationship between the ambient temperature Tc and the compressor temperature To obtained in advance through experiments or the like. Estimate the amount of liquid refrigerant per unit. When the heat capacity of the compressor 1 is known in advance, only the ambient temperature Tc is detected, and by estimating how much the compressor temperature To changes with respect to the change in the ambient temperature Tc. It is possible to estimate the amount of liquid refrigerant per unit time t. In this case, the number of sensors for detecting the compressor temperature To can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
- the temperature of the heat exchanger 3 or the like having a smaller heat capacity than that of the compressor 1 among the components forming the refrigeration cycle 50 may be similarly detected per unit time t. It goes without saying that it is possible to estimate the amount of refrigerant stagnation.
- the amount of liquid refrigerant in the compressor 1 may be detected more directly.
- a sensor for detecting the amount of liquid refrigerant in the compressor 1 a capacitance sensor for measuring the amount of liquid, a sensor for measuring the distance between the upper portion of the compressor 1 and the liquid level of the refrigerant by laser, sound, electromagnetic waves, or the like. This can be realized by using. Note that any of the above-described methods may be used as a method for estimating or detecting the amount of liquid refrigerant.
- the heating power command generation unit 17 obtains a heating power command P * necessary for discharging the liquid refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 according to the estimated or detected amount of the liquid refrigerant, and outputs it to the high frequency voltage command generation unit 15. To do.
- the heating power command P * is set to a large value, and when the amount of liquid refrigerant is 0, the heating power command P * is set to 0, Or it becomes possible to obtain electric power required for the minimum necessary heating by controlling to stop heating.
- the heating power command P * varies depending on the type and size of the compressor 1. When the compressor 1 is large or the material or shape is difficult to transmit heat, the heating power command P * may be increased.
- a plurality of tables indicating the relationship between the amount of liquid refrigerant and the heating power command P * are held, and the table corresponding to the type and size of the compressor 1 is used according to the amount of liquid refrigerant retained in the compressor 1. This can be realized by reading out the heating power command P *.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing signal waveforms for explaining a method for generating each voltage command value and each PWM signal.
- each voltage command value Vu *, Vv *, Vw * is defined as a cosine wave (sine wave) whose phase is different by 2 ⁇ / 3 as shown in the following equations (1) to (3).
- Vu * V * ⁇ cos ⁇ (1)
- Vv * V * ⁇ cos ( ⁇ (2/3) ⁇ ) (2)
- Vw * V * ⁇ cos ( ⁇ + (2/3) ⁇ ) (3)
- the voltage command calculation unit 19 calculates each voltage command value Vu *, Vv *, Vw * using the above equations (1) to (3) to generate a PWM signal.
- the PWM signal generation unit 20 compares each voltage command value Vu *, Vv *, Vw * with a carrier signal (reference signal) having an amplitude value of ⁇ (Vdc / 2) at a predetermined frequency, and the magnitude relationship between them.
- the PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, and WN are generated based on the above.
- each voltage command Vu *, Vv *, Vw * is obtained by a simple trigonometric function.
- two-phase modulation or third harmonic superposition modulation is used.
- the voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * may be obtained using other methods such as space vector modulation.
- UP is a voltage for turning on the switching element 70a
- UN is a voltage for turning off the switching element 70d.
- VP and VN are determined by comparing the voltage command value Vv * and the carrier signal
- WP and WN are determined by comparing the voltage command value Vw * and the carrier signal.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating eight switching patterns in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- reference symbols V0 to V7 are attached to voltage vectors generated in each switching pattern.
- the voltage direction of each voltage vector is represented by ⁇ U, ⁇ V, ⁇ W (0 when no voltage is generated).
- + U is a voltage that generates a current in the U-phase direction that flows into the compressor motor 8 through the U-phase and flows out of the compressor motor 8 through the V-phase and the W-phase.
- Is a voltage that generates a current in the ⁇ U-phase direction that flows into the compressor motor 8 via the V-phase and the W-phase and flows out of the compressor motor 8 via the U-phase.
- ⁇ V and ⁇ W The same interpretation is applied to ⁇ V and ⁇ W.
- a desired voltage can be output to the inverter 9 by combining the switching patterns shown in FIG.
- a normal operation mode in which a normal compression operation is performed, it is common to operate by changing the voltage phase command ⁇ in the above formulas (1) to (3) so that it is in the range of several tens of Hz to several hundreds of Hz. is there.
- the voltage phase command ⁇ in the heating operation mode, is changed at a higher speed than in the normal operation mode, whereby a high-frequency AC voltage of several kHz or more is output and the compressor motor 8 is energized (high-frequency).
- Restrained operation can be performed by energizing.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the high-frequency voltage phase command generation unit in the heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing signal waveforms at the time of restraint energization in the heat pump apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the high-frequency voltage phase command generation unit 16 in the second embodiment includes a high-frequency voltage phase inversion unit 22 that inverts the high-frequency voltage phase command ⁇ in synchronization with the carrier signal, and a high-frequency voltage phase inversion unit 22
- An adder 23a for adding the reference phase ⁇ f to the output is provided.
- the upper limit of the carrier frequency which is the frequency of the carrier signal, is determined by the switching speed of the switching element of the inverter. For this reason, it is difficult to output a high-frequency voltage equal to or higher than the carrier frequency that is a carrier wave.
- the upper limit of the switching speed is about 20 kHz.
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage is about 1/10 or more of the carrier frequency
- the waveform output accuracy of the high frequency voltage is deteriorated and there is a possibility of adverse effects such as superposition of DC components.
- the frequency of the high frequency voltage is 1/10 or less of the carrier frequency, for example, when the carrier frequency is 20 kHz, the frequency of the high frequency voltage is 2 kHz or less and falls within the audible frequency band. Noise due to electromagnetic noise of the compressor motor becomes a problem.
- the high-frequency voltage phase command ⁇ is set to 180 ° in the period from the top to the bottom of the carrier signal, that is, one cycle (1 / fc) of the carrier frequency fc. It is configured to be reversed.
- voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * that are inverted in synchronization with the carrier signal are obtained in the voltage command calculation unit 19 in the subsequent stage, and the carrier signal is converted into the carrier signal in the PWM signal generation unit 20 in the subsequent stage. Synchronized high-accuracy PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, and WN are generated.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the ON / OFF state of each switching element in the inverter corresponding to each voltage vector.
- the switching element surrounded by a broken line is ON, and the others are OFF.
- the rotation direction of the thick arrow indicating the change order of the voltage vector (the rotation direction of voltage vector V0 ⁇ V4 ⁇ V7 ⁇ V3 ⁇ V07)
- each PWM signal UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, WN makes one rotation of the four circuit states in FIG. 9 in one carrier cycle.
- a current having one carrier period as one period is supplied to the compressor motor 8.
- V4 vector and the V3 vector are alternately output, and + Iu and -Iu flow alternately in the windings of the compressor motor 8, so that the forward and reverse torques are instantaneously switched. For this reason, forward and reverse torques are canceled out, and it is possible to apply a voltage that suppresses vibration of the rotor.
- the reference phase ⁇ f with respect to the carrier signal of the high-frequency voltage phase command ⁇ is preferably a multiple of 60 °.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a current waveform of each phase when the reference phase ⁇ f is 0 °, 30 °, and 60 °.
- each phase current waveform becomes trapezoid, and becomes a current with few harmonic components.
- each phase current waveform has a trapezoidal shape and is a current with less harmonic components.
- each phase current waveform is distorted and harmonics as shown in FIG.
- the current has a lot of wave components.
- the distortion of each phase current waveform may cause factors such as motor noise and motor shaft vibration.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is a multiple of 60 ° and the high-frequency voltage phase command ⁇ is always a multiple of 60 °, only one other voltage vector is generated between the V0 vector and the V7 vector.
- the current waveform is trapezoidal and has a low harmonic component.
- the reference phase ⁇ f is other than a multiple of 60 °, the high-frequency voltage phase command ⁇ is not a multiple of 60 °, so two other voltage vectors are generated between the V0 vector and the V7 vector, Each phase current waveform is distorted, resulting in a current with many harmonic components. Therefore, the reference phase ⁇ f is desirably a multiple of 60 °, such as 0 °, 60 °, 120 °,.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the stop position of the rotor of the IPM motor.
- the compressor motor 8 is an IPM motor (Internal Permanent Magnet Motor)
- the rotor stop position of the compressor motor 8 is such that the direction of the N pole of the rotor is the U phase as shown in FIG. It is represented by the magnitude of the angle ⁇ deviating from the direction.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotor position and each phase current.
- the winding inductance value at the time of high-frequency energization depends on the position of the rotor. Therefore, the winding impedance represented by the product of the electrical angular frequency ⁇ and the winding inductance value varies depending on the position of the rotor. Therefore, even when the same voltage is applied during the energization of the compressor motor 8 during operation standby, the current flowing through the windings of the compressor motor 8 varies depending on the stop position of the rotor. The amount of heating changes.
- the inter-phase voltage, each phase voltage, or each phase current of the compressor motor 8 is detected, and the power value obtained from these detected values is kept constant.
- a microcomputer microcomputer generally used as the inverter control unit 10
- a range of several tens Hz to several hundred Hz during normal operation is used.
- the compressor motor 8 is supplied with a high-frequency voltage having a frequency higher than that during normal operation, such as by applying high-frequency energization in synchronization with the carrier signal.
- the restraint energization of 8 is performed, there is a possibility that sufficient detection accuracy may not be obtained.
- the high-frequency energization frequency at the time of performing the energization is 20 kHz
- one cycle of the high-frequency energization cycle is 50 us, but the A / D (analog / digital) conversion time of the microcomputer is several us.
- the number of detection points per cycle of the high-frequency energization cycle is several, and the detection accuracy is lowered.
- the high-frequency energization cycle is calculated from the inter-phase voltage, each phase voltage, or each phase current of the compressor motor 8 corresponding to a plurality of high-frequency energization cycles when performing energization.
- Each interphase voltage, each phase voltage, or each phase current corresponding to one period is restored.
- each of the high-frequency energization periods corresponds to one cycle.
- the detection accuracy of the detection value can be improved, and the power value supplied to the compressor motor 8 is calculated using each detection value corresponding to one restored high-frequency energization cycle.
- the liquid refrigerant staying inside the compressor 1 is supplied to the compressor motor 8 regardless of the stop position of the rotor by controlling the refrigerant so as to coincide with the heating power command necessary for discharging the refrigerant outside the compressor 1.
- the amount of electric power to be maintained can be kept constant, the amount of heating of the compressor 1 can be kept constant, and the liquid refrigerant staying in the compressor 1 can be more reliably discharged from the inside of the compressor 1 with the minimum electric power.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the power calculation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- the power calculation unit 14 includes a detection unit 24, a retry determination unit 25, and a power calculation unit 26.
- the power value P is expressed by the following equation (4) using, for example, the line voltages Vuv and Vwv, the U-phase current Iu, and the W-phase current Iw.
- the detection unit 24 detects each line voltage Vuv, Vwv, U-phase current Iu, and W-phase current Iw.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating signal waveforms for explaining a method of detecting each line voltage and each phase current in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- the voltage commands Vu *, Vv *, and Vw * during the heating operation mode are synchronized with the carrier signal that is the reference signal. Therefore, the line voltages Vuv and Vwv, the U-phase current Iu, and the W-phase current Iw have signal waveforms synchronized with the carrier signal, as shown in FIG.
- the line voltages Vuv and Vwv, the U-phase current Iu, and the W-phase current Iw are shifted in phase by (1 / n) carrier periods over n carrier periods (10 carrier periods in the example shown in FIG. 14). And using each of these detection values, a power value P corresponding to one carrier period is calculated.
- the detection unit 24 performs A / D conversion at the bottom of the carrier signal in the first period, and each instantaneous value Vuv [1], Vwv [ 1] and the instantaneous value Iu [1] of the U-phase current and the instantaneous value Iw [1] of the W-phase current are detected. Subsequently, in the second period, A / D conversion is performed at a timing delayed by (1 / n) carrier period from the bottom of the carrier signal, and the instantaneous values Vuv [2], Vwv [2] and U The instantaneous value Iu [2] of the phase current and the instantaneous value Iw [2] of the W-phase current are detected.
- a / D conversion is performed at a timing delayed by (m / n) carrier cycle from the bottom of the carrier signal, and each line voltage is The values Vuv [m], Vwv [m], the instantaneous value Iu [m] of the U-phase current, and the instantaneous value Iw [m] of the W-phase current are detected.
- the A / D conversion timing is changed by (1 / n) carrier periods over n carrier periods, and 1 carrier period data array Vuv [n], Vwv [n], Iu [n], Iw [n ] Is obtained.
- the line voltages Vuv and Vwv, the U-phase current Iu, and the W-phase current Iw corresponding to one carrier period that is, one period of the high-frequency energization period can be restored.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating signal waveforms when the bus voltage value of the inverter fluctuates.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the difference between the line voltage waveform and the phase current waveform due to the difference in the bus voltage value of the inverter.
- FIG. 16A shows the waveform of the line voltage Vuv and the waveform of the U-phase current Iu when the bus voltage Vdc of the inverter is small
- FIG. 16B shows the waveform when the bus voltage Vdc of the inverter is large. The waveform of the line voltage Vuv and the waveform of the U-phase current Iu are shown.
- the line voltage Vuv is controlled so that the value of Va ⁇ tva shown in FIG. 16A and the value of Vb ⁇ tvb shown in FIG. .
- the value of Ia shown in FIG. 16 (a) and the value of Ib shown in FIG. 16 (b) substantially coincide, and Ia ⁇ t0a ⁇ Ib ⁇ t0b. That is, since the phase current increases as the bus voltage value Vdc increases, the electric power supplied to the compressor motor 8 varies according to the magnitude of the bus voltage value Vdc.
- the retry determination unit 25 detects that the bus voltage value Vdc fluctuates beyond a predetermined range (for example, ⁇ 10%) during detection of each detection value, the detection unit Each detection value detected by 24 is discarded, and detection of each detection value is restarted from the first carrier period. By controlling in this way, the influence on the calculation accuracy of the power value P due to the fluctuation of the bus voltage value Vdc can be suppressed.
- a predetermined range for example, ⁇ 10%
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the power calculation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- the power calculation unit 26 includes a multiplier 28 a, total calculators 29 a and 29 b, dividers 30 a and 30 b, and an adder 23 b. It is configured.
- the power calculator 26 includes instantaneous values Vuv [m] and Vwv [m] of each line voltage detected by the detector 24, an instantaneous value Iu [m] of the U-phase current, and an instantaneous value Iw [W] of the W-phase current. m] is input.
- the multiplier 28a obtains the product of Vuv [m] and Iu [m]
- the divider 30a divides by the number of samples n to obtain Vuv [m. ] And Iu [m] are averaged.
- the average value of the product of [m] and Iw [m] is obtained.
- the adder 23b adds the output of the divider 30a and the output of the divider 30b to obtain the power value P input to the compressor motor 8.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration different from FIG. 17 of the power calculation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- the electric power value P input to the compressor motor 8 is uniquely determined with respect to the average value Iave of the effective values of the respective phase currents.
- the electric power value P input to the compressor motor 8 can be obtained using phase currents for two phases (here, U-phase current Iu and W-phase current Iw).
- the example shown in FIG. 18 shows the configuration in the case of using the relationship between the above equation (6) and the average value Iave of the effective values of the respective phase currents and the power value P input to the compressor motor 8.
- the unit 26 includes an adder 23c, multipliers 28c to 28f, total calculators 29c to 29e, dividers 30c to 30e, square root calculators 31a to 31c, an average calculator 32, and a current / power converter 33. Yes.
- the relationship between the average value Iave of the effective values of the phase currents obtained in advance through experiments or simulations and the power value P input to the compressor motor 8 is held as a conversion table.
- the power calculation unit 26 receives the instantaneous value Iu [m] of the U-phase current and the instantaneous value Iw [m] of the W-phase current detected by the detection unit 24.
- the adder 23c adds Iu [m] and Iw [m], and the multiplier 28c inverts the sign to obtain the instantaneous value Iv [m] of the V-phase current.
- the multiplier 28d squares Iu [m]
- the divider 30c divides by the number of samples n
- the square root calculator 31a calculates the square value.
- the average calculator 32 obtains an average value Iave of these Iu_rms, Iv_rms, and Iw_rms, and the current / power converter 33 converts the average value Iave into the power value P using the conversion table described above.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the high-frequency voltage command generation unit in the heat pump device according to the first embodiment.
- the high-frequency voltage command generation unit 15 includes a subtracter 34 and a controller 35.
- the high-frequency voltage command generation unit 15 receives the power value P calculated by the power calculation unit 14 and the heating power command P * generated by the heating power command generation unit 17.
- the subtracter 34 obtains a deviation between the power value P and the heating power command P *, and the controller 35 controls the high-frequency voltage command V * so that the deviation becomes zero.
- the controller 35 can be configured by a proportional controller, an integral controller, a derivative controller, or a combination of these, which is generally used for control. Is not limited.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a comparative example of the voltage constant control and the control according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 20 indicates the position ⁇ of the rotor of the compressor motor 8, and the vertical axis indicates the electric power supplied to the compressor motor 8.
- a shown in FIG. 20 shows an example of the case where the energization of the compressor motor 8 is performed by the constant voltage control
- B shown in FIG. 20 shows the compressor motor 8 by the constant power control described in the present embodiment. The example at the time of enforcing restraint electricity is shown.
- the compressor motor is restrained and energized by supplying a high-frequency voltage synchronized with the carrier signal to the compressor motor while the compressor is on standby. From each interphase voltage, each phase voltage, or each phase current detected while shifting the phase by (1 / n) periods over n periods (n is an integer of 2 or more) of the carrier signal, for one carrier period The corresponding interphase voltage, each phase voltage, or each phase current is restored, and the liquid refrigerant in which the power value calculated using each detected value corresponding to the restored one carrier period is retained in the compressor is compressed.
- the microcomputer Since the control is performed so as to match the heating power command necessary for discharging to the outside of the machine, the microcomputer is installed using a microcomputer with a long A / D conversion time with respect to the high-frequency energization frequency at the time of restraint energization. Even when the controller is configured, the amount of heating to the compressor can be kept constant regardless of the rotor position of the compressor motor, and the liquid refrigerant can stay in the compressor efficiently and reliably. Can be prevented.
- each phase voltage, each phase voltage, or each phase current is changed while shifting the phase by (1 / n) periods over n periods (n is an integer of 2 or more) of the carrier signal.
- n is an integer of 2 or more
- the order and number of detections which detect each detection value are not limited to this.
- each detection value over n periods of the carrier signal for example, each of (m / n) periods (m is less than or equal to n) in arbitrary k periods of n or less, such as even-numbered periods or odd-numbered periods.
- each detected value may be detected.
- Embodiment 1 the example which performs restraint energization by inverting a high frequency voltage phase command synchronizing with the carrier signal of an inverter is shown, and the example which restores each detection value equivalent to 1 carrier period Although shown, it goes without saying that the same effect as described above can be obtained even in a configuration in which each detection value corresponding to a predetermined range synchronized with the carrier period, for example, a half carrier period or a plurality of periods is restored.
- Embodiment 1 Although the example which implements restraint electricity supply of a compressor motor by high frequency electricity supply was shown, in the case of high frequency electricity supply, when impedance becomes too high, it will become difficult to obtain required heating amount. . Therefore, when a large amount of heating is required, the configuration may be such that the compressor motor is restrained and energized using DC energization. By setting it as such a structure, it becomes possible to vaporize the liquid refrigerant which stayed in the compressor more reliably, and to discharge
- each phase current flowing through the compressor motor is generally about several tens of amperes, whereas in the heating operation mode, it is several amperes or less. That is, the gain and frequency characteristics required for the current detector are different between the normal operation mode and the heating operation mode. For this reason, when phase current detection is performed using the current detector used in the normal operation mode to perform restraint energization of the compressor motor by high-frequency energization, the detection accuracy may be reduced.
- the current detector used for phase current detection in the normal operation mode and the current detector used for phase current detection in the heating operation mode are different current detectors having different gain and frequency characteristics.
- the current detector used for phase current detection in the normal operation mode and the current detector used for phase current detection in the heating operation mode are different current detectors having different gain and frequency characteristics.
- two types of gain and frequency characteristics suitable for each mode are provided, and the mode is switched between the normal operation mode and the heating operation mode. You may do it.
- it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the phase current by changing the number of bits of A / D detection of the microcomputer constituting the inverter control unit from, for example, 10 bits to 12 bits.
- the voltage frequency in the normal operation mode is several tens to several hundreds Hz
- the voltage frequency in the heating operation mode is several kHz, so high frequency noise is removed.
- LPF Low Pass Filter
- the processing speed of the microcomputer increases due to the increase in the number of detections, and it is necessary to use a highly functional microcomputer due to the lack of A / D detection ports. Is concerned.
- the multiplication circuit can be easily realized by using, for example, a multiplication circuit using an operational amplifier or a commercially available multiplication IC.
- Embodiment 2 an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator to which the heat pump device described in Embodiment 1 can be applied will be described.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a refrigeration cycle according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a Mollier diagram showing refrigerant state transition in the refrigeration cycle shown in FIG. In FIG. 22, the horizontal axis indicates the specific enthalpy h, and the vertical axis indicates the refrigerant pressure P.
- a compressor 51, a heat exchanger 52, an expansion mechanism 53, a receiver 54, an internal heat exchanger 55, an expansion mechanism 56, and a heat exchanger 57 are piped. Are connected to each other in order to form a main refrigerant circuit 58 through which the refrigerant circulates.
- a four-way valve 59 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 51 so that the refrigerant circulation direction can be switched.
- a fan 60 is provided in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 57.
- a compression mechanism for compressing the refrigerant and a compressor motor for operating the compression mechanism are provided inside the compressor 51.
- the refrigeration cycle 50a includes an injection circuit 62 that connects between the receiver 54 and the internal heat exchanger 55 to the injection pipe of the compressor 51 by piping.
- An expansion mechanism 61 and an internal heat exchanger 55 are sequentially connected to the injection circuit 62.
- a water circuit 63 through which water circulates is connected to the heat exchanger 52.
- the water circuit 63 is connected to a device that uses water such as a water heater (not shown), a radiator (not shown), a radiator (not shown) such as floor heating.
- the heating operation includes not only a heating operation in an air conditioner but also a hot water supply operation in which heat is applied to water to produce hot water in a heat pump water heater.
- the gas-phase refrigerant (point A in FIG. 22) that has become high temperature and high pressure in the compressor 51 is discharged from the compressor 51, and is liquefied by heat exchange in a heat exchanger 52 that is a condenser and a radiator. (Point B in FIG. 22).
- the water circulated through the water circuit 63 is warmed by the heat radiated from the refrigerant, and is used for the heating operation in the air conditioner and the hot water supply operation in the heat pump water heater.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger 52 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 53 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point C in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 53 is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 51 by the receiver 54, cooled, and liquefied (point D in FIG. 22).
- the liquid phase refrigerant liquefied by the receiver 54 branches and flows into the main refrigerant circuit 58 and the injection circuit 62.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant flowing through the main refrigerant circuit 58 is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 with the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 that has been decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61 into a gas-liquid two-phase state, and further cooled (FIG. 22). E point).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant cooled by the internal heat exchanger 55 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 56 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point F in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant that has been in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 is heated and exchanged with the outside air by the heat exchanger 57 that serves as an evaporator (point G in FIG. 22). Then, the refrigerant heated by the heat exchanger 57 is further heated by the receiver 54 (point H in FIG. 22) and sucked into the compressor 51.
- the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 is depressurized by the expansion mechanism 61 (point I in FIG. 22) and heat exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 (point J in FIG. 22).
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant (injection refrigerant) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 flows into the compressor 51 from the injection pipe of the compressor 51 in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the refrigerant (point H in FIG. 22) sucked from the main refrigerant circuit 58 is compressed and heated to an intermediate pressure (point K in FIG. 22).
- the injection refrigerant (point J in FIG. 22) joins the refrigerant compressed to the intermediate pressure and heated (point K in FIG. 22), and the temperature decreases (point L in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant whose temperature has decreased (point L in FIG. 22) is further compressed and heated to become high temperature and pressure and discharged (point A in FIG. 22).
- the opening of the expansion mechanism 61 is fully closed. That is, when the injection operation is performed, the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is larger than the predetermined opening degree. However, when the injection operation is not performed, the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is more than the predetermined opening degree. Make it smaller. Thereby, the refrigerant does not flow into the injection pipe of the compressor 51.
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 61 is controlled by electronic control by a control unit (not shown) such as a microcomputer.
- the cooling operation includes not only the cooling operation in the air conditioner but also the production of cold water by taking heat from water in the refrigerator and the freezing operation in the refrigerator.
- the gas-phase refrigerant (point A in FIG. 22) that has become high-temperature and high-pressure in the compressor 51 is discharged from the compressor 51, and is heat-exchanged and liquefied by a heat exchanger 57 that is a condenser and a radiator. B point).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger 57 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 56 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point C in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 is heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55, cooled and liquefied (point D in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 56 and the liquid-phase refrigerant that has been liquefied by the internal heat exchanger 55 have been decompressed by the expansion mechanism 61, and have become a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- Heat is exchanged with the refrigerant (point I in FIG. 22).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant (point D in FIG. 22) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 branches and flows into the main refrigerant circuit 58 and the injection circuit 62.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing through the main refrigerant circuit 58 is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 51 by the receiver 54 and further cooled (point E in FIG. 22).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant cooled by the receiver 54 is decompressed by the expansion mechanism 53 and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state (point F in FIG. 22).
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state by the expansion mechanism 53 is heat-exchanged and heated by the heat exchanger 52 serving as an evaporator (point G in FIG. 22).
- the water circulating in the water circuit 63 is cooled and used for the cooling operation in the air conditioner and the refrigeration operation in the refrigerator.
- the refrigerant heated by the heat exchanger 52 is further heated by the receiver 54 (H point in FIG. 22) and sucked into the compressor 51.
- the refrigerant flowing through the injection circuit 62 is depressurized by the expansion mechanism 61 (point I in FIG. 22) and heat exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 (point J in FIG. 22).
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant (injection refrigerant) heat-exchanged by the internal heat exchanger 55 flows into the compressor 51 from the injection pipe of the compressor 51 in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the opening of the expansion mechanism 61 is fully closed so that the refrigerant does not flow into the injection pipe of the compressor 51, as in the heating operation.
- the heat exchanger 52 has been described as a heat exchanger such as a plate heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the water circulating in the water circuit 63.
- the heat exchanger 52 is not limited to this and may exchange heat between the refrigerant and the air.
- the water circuit 63 may be a circuit in which other fluid circulates instead of a circuit in which water circulates.
- the heat pump device described in the first embodiment is applied to the first embodiment.
- the described effect can be obtained.
- the switching element constituting the inverter in the above-described embodiment and the freewheeling diode connected in parallel to the switching element, it is generally mainstream to use a Si-based semiconductor made of silicon (Si: silicon).
- a wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor made of silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), or diamond may be used.
- a switching element or a diode element formed of such a WBG semiconductor has a high withstand voltage and a high allowable current density. Therefore, the switching element and the diode element can be reduced in size, and by using these reduced switching element and diode element, the semiconductor module incorporating these elements can be reduced in size.
- the switching element and the diode element formed of such a WBG semiconductor have high heat resistance.
- the heat sink fins of the heat sink can be miniaturized and the water cooling part can be air cooled, so that the semiconductor module can be further miniaturized.
- switching elements and diode elements formed of such WBG semiconductors have low power loss. For this reason, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the switching element and the diode element, and to increase the efficiency of the semiconductor module.
- both the switching element and the diode element are preferably formed of a WBG semiconductor, any one of the elements may be formed of a WBG semiconductor, and the effects in the above-described embodiments can be obtained. .
- the same effect can be obtained by using a super junction structure MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) known as a highly efficient switching element in addition to the WBG semiconductor.
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
- the compressor with the scroll mechanism it is difficult for the compressor with the scroll mechanism to perform high-pressure relief of the compression chamber. Therefore, compared with other types of compressors, there is a high possibility that excessive compression will be applied to the compression mechanism when liquid compression is performed.
- the compressor in the heat pump device according to the above-described embodiment, the compressor can be efficiently heated, and the retention of the liquid refrigerant in the compressor can be suppressed. Therefore, since liquid compression can be prevented, it is effective also when using the compressor of a scroll mechanism.
- the voltage command V * may be adjusted in advance so as not to exceed 50 W, or the feedback control may be performed so that the flowing current and voltage are detected and become 50 W or less.
- the inverter control unit can be composed of a discrete system of CPU (Central Processing Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), microcomputer (microcomputer), but also other electric circuit elements such as analog circuits and digital circuits You may comprise.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- microcomputer microcomputer
- the present invention relates to a heat pump device, and an air conditioner, a heat pump water heater, a refrigerator, and a refrigerator equipped with the heat pump device, and a technique for preventing liquid refrigerant from staying in the compressor during operation standby of the compressor
- it is suitable for a configuration in which a high-frequency voltage having a higher frequency than that during normal operation is supplied to the compressor motor to perform restraint energization.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1にかかるヒートポンプ装置の一構成例を示す図である。図1に示すように、実施の形態1にかかるヒートポンプ装置100は、圧縮機1、四方弁2、熱交換器3、膨張機構4、および熱交換器5が冷媒配管6を介して順次接続され、冷凍サイクル50が形成される。なお、図1に示す例では、冷凍サイクル50を形成する基本的な構成を示しており、一部構成要素を省略した図としている。
Vv*=V*×cos(θ-(2/3)π) … (2)
Vw*=V*×cos(θ+(2/3)π) … (3)
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1に記載したヒートポンプ装置を適用可能な空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機について説明する。
Claims (17)
- 冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機構と前記圧縮機構を駆動する圧縮機モータとを有する圧縮機と、熱交換器と、前記圧縮機モータに所望の電圧を印加するインバータと、前記インバータを駆動する駆動信号を生成するインバータ制御部と、を備えるヒートポンプ装置であって、
前記インバータ制御部は、
前記圧縮機の運転待機中において、前記圧縮機モータに通常運転時よりも高い周波数の高周波電圧を供給して前記圧縮機モータの拘束通電を実施する際の高周波電圧位相指令を出力すると共に、前記拘束通電を行う際の高周波通電周期の複数周期分の前記圧縮機モータの各相間電圧、各相電圧、あるいは各相電流から、当該高周波通電周期の1周期分に相当する前記各相間電圧、前記各相電圧、あるいは前記各相電流を復元し、当該復元した前記高周波通電周期の1周期分に相当する各検出値に基づいて、高周波電圧指令を出力する拘束通電制御部と、
前記高周波電圧位相指令および前記高周波電圧指令に基づき前記駆動信号を生成する駆動信号生成部と、
を備えることを特徴とするヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記拘束通電制御部は、
前記高周波電圧位相指令を生成して出力する高周波電圧位相指令生成部と、
前記高周波通電周期のn周期(nは2以上の整数)に渡るn以下の任意のk周期で、それぞれ(m/n)周期分(mはn以下の自然数)に相当する位相で前記各相間電圧、前記各相電圧、あるいは前記各相電流を検出し、当該高周波通電周期の1周期分に相当する各検出値を用いて電力値を算出する電力算出部と、
前記圧縮機の内部に滞留した液冷媒量を検出し、当該液冷媒を前記圧縮機の外部に排出するために必要な加熱電力指令を生成する加熱電力指令生成部と、
前記電力値が前記加熱電力指令に一致するように前記高周波電圧指令を生成する高周波電圧指令生成部と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 - 前記電力算出部は、前記高周波通電周期のn周期(nは2以上の整数)に渡り(1/n)周期分ずつ位相をずらしながら前記各相間電圧、前記各相電圧、あるいは前記各相電流を検出することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記電力算出部は、前記高周波通電周期の1周期分に相当する前記各検出値を検出している間に、前記インバータの母線電圧値が所定範囲を超えて変動した場合に、それまでに検出した前記各検出値を破棄し、前記高周波通電周期の1周期目から前記各検出値の検出を再開することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記高周波電圧位相指令生成部は、前記高周波電圧位相指令を前記インバータのキャリア信号に同期させて反転させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記高周波電圧位相指令生成部は、前記インバータのキャリア信号に対する基準位相を60°の倍数としたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記加熱電力指令生成部は、当該ヒートポンプ装置を構成するいずれかの部品あるいは構成要素の温度および雰囲気温度のうちの少なくとも1つを検出して前記液冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記加熱電力指令生成部は、前記圧縮機の内部に滞留した液冷媒の液量あるいは液面を検知して前記液冷媒量を検出することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記加熱電力指令生成部は、前記圧縮機の特性に合わせて前記加熱電力指令を生成することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記電力算出部は、前記各相電流を検出する際のゲインおよび周波数特性を、少なくとも前記拘束通電時および前記圧縮機モータを駆動する通常運転時の2種類をそれぞれ有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータを構成するスイッチング素子の少なくとも1つは、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体によって形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記インバータを構成するダイオードは、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体によって形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料又はダイヤモンドであることを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載のヒートポンプ装置。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えたことを特徴とする空気調和機。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えたことを特徴とするヒートポンプ給湯機。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えたことを特徴とする冷蔵庫。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ装置を備えたことを特徴とする冷凍機。
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PCT/JP2013/064399 WO2014188566A1 (ja) | 2013-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | ヒートポンプ装置ならびに、それを備えた空気調和機、ヒートポンプ給湯機、冷蔵庫、および冷凍機 |
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US14/787,288 US9772131B2 (en) | 2013-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Heat pump device, and air conditioner, heat pump water heater, refrigerator, and freezing machine including heat pump device |
RU2015151134A RU2621449C2 (ru) | 2013-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Устройство теплового насоса и установка для кондиционирования воздуха, водонагреватель с тепловым насосом, холодильная установка и морозильный аппарат, включающие в себя устройство теплового насоса |
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