WO2014187183A1 - 一种聚酰胺树脂和由其组成的聚酰胺组合物 - Google Patents

一种聚酰胺树脂和由其组成的聚酰胺组合物 Download PDF

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WO2014187183A1
WO2014187183A1 PCT/CN2014/073045 CN2014073045W WO2014187183A1 WO 2014187183 A1 WO2014187183 A1 WO 2014187183A1 CN 2014073045 W CN2014073045 W CN 2014073045W WO 2014187183 A1 WO2014187183 A1 WO 2014187183A1
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acid
polyamide resin
fiber
polyamide
reinforcing filler
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PCT/CN2014/073045
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张传辉
蔡彤旻
吉继亮
曾祥斌
曹民
夏世勇
叶南飚
陈大华
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金发科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2014187183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187183A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/06Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/26Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/265Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from at least two different diamines or at least two different dicarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/14Glass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/18Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51Phosphorus bound to oxygen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of polymer materials, and more particularly to a polyamide resin and a polyamide composition composed thereof.
  • Polyamide has a wide range of properties including mechanical properties, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance and self-lubricating properties, low friction coefficient, certain flame retardancy, easy processing, etc. Suitable for filling reinforcement with glass fiber and other fillers, improving performance and expanding application range. In recent years, semi-aromatic polyamides have been developed with emphasis on their better heat resistance and mechanical properties.
  • PA6T copolymers have long been known for their high flow and high temperature resistance.
  • PA66 due to the high concentration of the amide bond of PA6T, its water absorption rate is high, which causes a series of limitations in use.
  • PA6T-related copolymers also suffer from insufficient toughness and need to be improved.
  • the problem of floating fiber on the surface of injection molded products also seriously affects the surface morphology of the product, which has become an obstacle to the expansion of the application field.
  • a polyamide resin in mole percent, consists of the following repeating unit components:
  • Component A 80-99 mol% of a 10T unit formed from decane diamine and terephthalic acid;
  • Component B 1-10 mol% of 1010 units formed of decane diamine and sebacic acid;
  • sebacic acid is substituted with isophthalic acid or other aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • the other aliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing 2 to 14 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, 2-methyl One or more of suberic acid, azelaic acid, undecanoic acid, thiric acid or tetradecanoic acid.
  • the melting point of the polyamide resin is higher than 260 ° C, preferably 280 ° C - 320 ° C; the melting point of the resin is too low, the article is easily deformed under the high temperature treatment of reflow soldering; the melting point of the resin is too high, resulting in a decrease in processability. Moreover, the melting point is too high to be close to the decomposition temperature, and it is easy to deteriorate the performance of all aspects of the product.
  • the saturated water absorption of the polyamide resin is less than 0.8% by weight, and the low water absorption can ensure that the resin is used for reflow soldering or the like which may cause foaming of the article at a high water absorption rate.
  • the polyamide resin has an elongation at break of 14 to 45%, and the polyamide resin has a notched impact strength of 6.9 to 12.0 kJ/m 2 (23 ° C), thereby imparting sufficient toughness to the resin or the composition thereof. .
  • a polyamide composition comprising the polyamide resin, comprising, by weight percent, the following group of polyamide resins 30 to 99.9%;
  • the content of the reinforcing filler is preferably 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably 15 to 40%; the filler content is too low, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the polyamide composition; the filler content is too high, and the surface of the polyamide composition product is severely suspended , affecting the appearance of the product.
  • the reinforcing filler has a fibrous shape and has an average length of 0.01-20 mm, preferably 0.1 to 6 mm; and an aspect ratio of 5 to 2000:1, preferably 30 to 600:1, when the fibrous reinforcing filler content is within the above range, the polyamide composition exhibits a high heat distortion temperature and an increased high temperature rigidity, and the above dimensions can be measured by micrometers on the fibers.
  • the reinforcing filler is an inorganic reinforcing filler or an organic reinforcing filler
  • the inorganic reinforcing filler is selected from the group consisting of glass fiber, potassium titanate fiber, metal clad glass fiber, ceramic fiber, wollastonite fiber, metal carbide fiber, metal curable fiber, asbestos fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, One or more of gypsum fiber or boron fiber, preferably glass fiber; the use of glass fiber not only improves the moldability of the polyamide composition, but also improves mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus. And heat resistance, for example, the heat distortion temperature at the time of molding of the thermoplastic resin composition.
  • the organic reinforcing filler is selected from the group consisting of aramid fibers and/or carbon fibers.
  • the reinforcing filler has a non-fibrous shape, such as a powder, a granule, a plate, a needle, a woven fabric or a felt, and has an average particle diameter of 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m, when the average particle of the reinforcing filler is used.
  • a diameter of less than 0.001 ⁇ m will result in poor melt processability of the polyamide resin; when the average particle size of the reinforcing filler is large ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ will result in poor surface appearance of the injection molded article.
  • the average particle diameter of the above reinforcing filler is determined by an adsorption method, which may be selected from potassium titanate whiskers, zinc oxide whiskers, aluminum borate whiskers, wollastonite, zeolite, sericite, kaolin, mica, talc, clay, Pyrophyllite, bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite, synthetic mica, asbestos, aluminosilicate, alumina, silica, magnesia, zirconia, titania, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, One or more of calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, glass beads, ceramic beads, boron nitride, silicon carbide or silicon dioxide.
  • an adsorption method which may be selected from potassium titanate whiskers, zinc oxide whiskers, aluminum borate whiskers, wollastonite, zeolite, sericite, kaolin, mica, tal
  • These reinforcing fillers may be hollow; in addition, for swellable layered silicates such as bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite, and synthetic mica, organication by cation exchange of interlayer ions with an organic ammonium salt may be used. Montmorillonite.
  • the inorganic reinforcing filler may be functionally treated with a coupling agent selected from the group consisting of an isocyanate compound, a silicone lanthanide compound, and an organic titanate compound.
  • a coupling agent selected from the group consisting of an isocyanate compound, a silicone lanthanide compound, and an organic titanate compound.
  • a compound, a ureido group-containing methoxysilicone compound, an isocyanate group-containing methoxysilicone compound, an amino group-containing methoxysilicone compound, a hydroxyl group-containing methoxysilicone compound, and a carbon-carbon unsaturated One or more of a base oxysilicone compound, an acid anhydride group-containing methoxysilicone compound.
  • the epoxy group-containing methoxysilicone compound is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -(3) , one or more of 4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane;
  • the fluorenyl group-containing methoxysilicone compound is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and/or ⁇ -mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane;
  • the uret group-containing methoxysilicone compound is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -(2-ureidoethyl)amino group One or more of propyltrimethoxysilane;
  • the isocyanate group-containing methoxysilicone compound is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -isocyanatepropyltrimethoxy Silicon germanium, ⁇ -isocyanate propylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -isocyanate propylmethyldiethoxysilane, ⁇ -isocyanate propylethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ - One or more of isocyanatopropylethyldiethoxysilane and ⁇ -isocyanatepropyltrichlorosilane;
  • the amino group-containing methoxysilicone compound is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylmethyl dimethyl One or more of oxysilane, ⁇ -(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane;
  • the hydroxyl group-containing methoxysilicone compound is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane and/or ⁇ -hydroxypropyltriethoxysilane;
  • the cerium-oxyxanthene compound containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated group is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and N- ⁇ -(N-ethylene).
  • the anhydride group-containing methoxysilicone compound is selected from the group consisting of 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride;
  • the organosilicon lanthanide compound is preferably ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -(2-aminoethyl)aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -(2) -aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride.
  • the inorganic reinforcing filler may be surface-treated by the above-mentioned organosilicon lanthanide compound according to a conventional method, and then melt-kneaded with a polyamide resin to prepare the polyamide composition; or directly in the inorganic reinforcing filler and While the polyamide resin is melt-kneaded, a silicone lanthanide compound is added for in-situ blending;
  • the coupling agent is used in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the inorganic reinforcing filler; when the amount of the coupling agent is less than 0.05% by weight, the improved mechanical properties are not obtained. Effect; When the amount of the coupling agent is more than 10% by weight, the inorganic reinforcing filler is liable to agglomerate, and the risk of poor dispersion in the polyamide resin eventually leads to a decrease in mechanical properties.
  • the flame retardant is a flame retardant or a combination of a flame retardant and a flame retardant assistant, and the content thereof is preferably 10 to 40% by weight ; if the flame retardant content is too low, the flame retardant effect is deteriorated, and the flame retardant content is too high. Lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the material.
  • the flame retardant is a halogen flame retardant or a halogen free flame retardant
  • the halogen-based flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of brominated polystyrene, brominated polyphenylene ether, brominated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, brominated styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, brominated epoxy resin, and brominated One or more of a phenoxy resin, decabromodiphenyl ether, decabromobiphenyl, a brominated polycarbonate, a perbrominated tricyclopentanyl or a brominated aromatic crosslinked polymer, preferably a bromine Polystyrene
  • the halogen-free flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing flame retardant, a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, or a flame retardant containing nitrogen and phosphorus. Several; preferably a phosphorus-containing flame retardant.
  • the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of aryl phosphate monophosphate, aryl phosphate bisphosphate, dimethyl decylphosphonate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, tris(xylylene) phosphate, and C
  • aryl phosphate monophosphate aryl phosphate bisphosphate
  • dimethyl decylphosphonate triphenyl phosphate
  • tricresyl phosphate tris(xylylene) phosphate
  • C One or more of a benzene phosphate, a butyl benzene phosphate or a hypophosphite; preferably a hypophosphite;
  • hypophosphite has a hypophosphite of the following formula (I):
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are represented by a straight or branched fluorenyl group and/or an aryl group or a phenyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
  • M is Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Bi , Mn, Na, K or a nitrogenous base which is protonated;
  • m is 1 to 3.
  • the other auxiliary agent is selected from one or more of a plasticizer, a thickener, an antistatic agent, a release agent, a toner, a dye, or a nucleating agent.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the polyamide resin of the present invention has a saturated water absorption rate of less than 0.8% by weight and has a low saturated water absorption rate, and can be applied to a case where an engine oil pipe or the like has a high requirement for saturated water absorption;
  • the polyamide resin of the present invention has a melting point of higher than 260 ° C and is heat-resistant, and can be applied to a case where the reflow soldering temperature exceeds 260 ° C;
  • the polyamide resin of the present invention has an elongation at break of 14 to 45%; the notched impact strength is 6.9 to 12.0 kJ/m 2 (23 ° C), has high toughness, and can be used for engine oil pipes and the like. Occasion
  • the polyamide composition prepared from the polyamide resin of the present invention also has low saturated water absorption, high heat resistance and high toughness, and can be used in applications where engine oil pipes and the like have high performance requirements.
  • the method for detecting the surface floating condition of the product After taking 3000 g of polymer particles for injection molding, a smooth color plate is obtained; the color plate is placed on a secondary element measuring instrument to observe the floating fiber condition.
  • Test method for relative viscosity of obtained prepolymerized product and polyamide Refer to GB12006.1-89, polyamide viscosity number determination method; specific test method is: measuring concentration of 0.25 in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid at 25 ⁇ 0.01 °C The relative viscosity nr of the polyamide of g/dl;
  • Test method for melting point of polyamide Refer to ASTM D3418-2003, Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry; The specific test method is: test the melting point of the sample using a Perkin Elmer Dimond DSC analyzer; nitrogen atmosphere, flow rate is 40 mL /min; The temperature is first raised to 340 ° C at 10 ° C / min, kept at 340 ° C for 2 min, then cooled to 50 ° C at 10 ° C / min, and then raised to 340 ° C at 10 ° C / min , the endothermic peak temperature at this time is set as the melting point T m;
  • the test method for the amino group content of the obtained polyamide is as follows: the amino group content of the sample end is titrated by a fully automatic potentiometric titrator; 0.5 g of the polymer is added, 45 mL of phenol and 3 mL of anhydrous methanol are added, and the mixture is heated to reflux, and the sample is completely dissolved, and then cooled to room temperature. , titrating the terminal amino group content with the calibrated hydrochloric acid standard solution;
  • Test method for the terminal carboxyl group content of the obtained polyamide titrate the carboxyl group content of the sample with a fully automatic potentiometric titrator; take 0.5 g of polymer, add 50 mL of o-cresol, dissolve at reflux, and quickly add 400 formaldehyde solution after cooling, with the calibration KOH-ethanol solution titration end carboxyl group content;
  • Test method for brightness L value of the obtained polyamide resin Using a standard color plate mold, 3000 g of polymer particles were injection-molded to obtain a smooth swatch. The swatch is placed on a Lippo Color-Eye 7000A computer colorimeter to obtain a brightness value L value;
  • Elongation at break measured according to ISO 527-2, test conditions are 23 ° C and lOmm / min;
  • Notched impact strength The test condition was 23 ° C and the notch type was A according to ISO 180/1A. Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8
  • reaction raw materials are added according to the proportion in the table; then benzoic acid, sodium hypophosphite and deionized water are added; the amount of benzoic acid substance It is 2.5% of the total amount of diamine, diacid, lactam and amino acid, sodium hypophosphite is 0.1% by weight of other materials except ionized water, and deionized water is 30% of total weight; vacuum charging High-purity nitrogen was used as a shielding gas, and the temperature was raised to 220 ° C in 2 hours under stirring.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 220 ° C for 1 hour, and then the temperature of the reactant was raised to 230 ° C under stirring; the reaction was at 230 °C constant temperature
  • the pressure was kept constant at a constant pressure of 2.2 MPa for 2 hours, and the pressure was kept constant by removing the formed water.
  • the prepolymer was vacuum dried at 80 ° C for 24 hours to obtain a prepolymerized product.
  • the prepolymerized product was solid phase viscosified at 250 ° C under a vacuum of 50 Pa for 10 hours to obtain a polyamide.
  • the relative viscosity, melting point, saturated water absorption, and the like of the polyamide are shown in Table 1.
  • Contrast, Contrast, Contrast, Contrast, Contrast, Contrast, Comparative, Comparative Example 1 case, 2 cases, 3 cases, 4 cases, 5 cases, 6 cases, 7 cases, 8 terephthalic acid/mol 9 11 11 13 18 19 20 9 azelaic acid/mol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 isophthalic acid / mol 0 0 9 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  • the polyamide resin, flame retardant and other auxiliaries are uniformly mixed in a high-mixing machine, and then added to the twin-screw extruder through the main feeding port, and the reinforcing filler is fed through the side feeding scale and squeezed.
  • the polyamide composition is obtained by cooling with water, granulating and drying. Among them, the extrusion temperature was 330 °C.
  • Example 2 Example 2 Example 4 Example 7 Case 2 Case 2 Case 1 Case 1 Case 5 Case 5
  • Example 1 Resin content 70 50 70 50 30 99.9 70 50 70 50 99.9
  • Hypophosphorous acid Salt flame retardant 0 15 0 15 5 0 0 15 0 15 0
  • Polybutene 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
  • Dipentaerythritol 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Zinc borate 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 Phenolic antioxidant 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05
  • Polyethylene wax 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05 Saturated water absorption /% 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.4 1.6 0.9
  • the surface is very smooth; the surface of the crucible is slightly floating; the Q surface is a large number of floating fibers.
  • the composition prepared by the polyamide resin prepared in the examples of the present application has a saturated water absorption of 0.3 wt% or less.
  • the water absorption of the 6T-type resin in the comparative example is generally above 1.4%; the elongation at break and the notched impact strength of the polyamide composition of the examples are also higher than the comparative examples; the comparative examples are used to detect the floating fibers on the secondary element measuring instrument, It is also very serious.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚酰胺树脂,由如下重复单元组分构成:组分A:80-99mol%的由癸二胺和对苯二甲酸形成的10T单元;组分B:1-20mol%的由癸二胺和癸二酸形成的1010单元;其中,癸二酸被间苯二甲酸或含有2~14个碳原子的其它脂肪族二羧酸取代;一种包含所述的聚酰胺树脂的聚酰胺组合物,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:聚酰胺树脂30~99.9%;增强填料0~60%;阻燃剂 0~50%;其他助剂0.1~10%;发明所述聚酰胺树脂及由其组成的组合物的饱和吸水率低于0.8wt%,可应用于发动机油管等对饱和吸水率要求较高的场合;熔点高于260°C,耐热性强,能应用于如回流焊接温度超过260°C的场合;断裂伸长率为14~45%;缺口冲击强度为6.9~12.0 kJ/m2(23°C),具有高韧性,可用于发动机油管等对韧性要求较高的场合。

Description

一种聚酰胺树脂和由其组成的聚酰胺组合物 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,特别涉及一种聚酰胺树脂和由其组成的聚酰胺 组合物。
背景技术
聚酰胺因具有良好的综合性能, 包括力学性能、 耐热性、 耐磨损性、 耐化学 药品性和自润滑性, 且摩擦系数低, 有一定的阻燃性, 易于加工等, 其被广泛适 于用玻璃纤维和其它填料填充增强改性, 提高性能和扩大应用范围等方面。近几 年来半芳香族聚酰胺由于其耐热性能和力学性能更优而被重点开发。
半芳香族耐高温聚酰胺 PA6T共聚物早已为人熟知, 其具有高的流动性和耐 高温性能。 然而, 同 PA66类似, 由于 PA6T酰胺键浓度较高, 导致其吸水率较 高, 从而引起使用上的一系列限制。 同时, PA6T相关的共聚物也存在韧性不足 的问题, 亟需改善。 另外, 注塑制品表面的浮纤问题也严重影响制品表面形态, 成为应用领域拓展的障碍。 发明内容 为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种低饱和吸 水率、 高耐热性和高韧性的聚酰胺树脂。
一种聚酰胺树脂, 按摩尔百分比计, 由如下重复单元组分组成:
组分 A: 80-99mol%的由癸二胺和对苯二甲酸形成的 10T单元;
组分 B:l-20mol%的由癸二胺和癸二酸形成的 1010单元;
其中,癸二酸被间苯二甲酸或含有 2〜14个碳原子的其它脂肪族二羧酸取代。 所述含有 2〜14个碳原子的其它脂肪族二羧酸选自乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、 戊二酸、 己二酸、 庚二酸、 辛二酸、 2-甲基辛二酸、 壬二酸、 十一二酸、 十三二 酸或十四二酸的一种或几种。
所述聚酰胺树脂的熔点高于 260°C, 优选为 280°C-320°C; 树脂熔点太低, 在回流焊接的高温处理下制品容易变形; 树脂熔点太高, 导致其加工性能下降。 并且, 熔点过高接近分解温度, 容易使制品各方面性能都下降。
所述聚酰胺树脂的饱和吸水率低于 0.8wt%, 较低的吸水率能够保证树脂用 于回流焊接等在高吸水率下可能产生制品起泡的场合。
所述聚酰胺树脂的断裂伸长率为 14〜45%, 所述聚酰胺树脂的缺口冲击强度 为 6.9〜12.0 kJ/m2(23°C) , 由此赋予树脂或其组合物足够的韧性。
一种包含所述的聚酰胺树脂的聚酰胺组合物, 按重量百分比计, 包括如下组 聚酰胺树脂 30〜99.9%;
增强填料 0〜60%;
阻燃剂 0〜50%;
其他助剂 0.1〜10%;
所述增强填料的含量优选为 10〜50wt%, 更优选为 15-40%; 填料含量过低, 导致聚酰胺组合物力学性能较差; 填料含量过高, 聚酰胺组合物制品表面浮纤严 重, 影响产品外观。
所述增强填料的形状为纤维状,其平均长度为 0.01-20mm,优选为 0.1〜6mm; 其长径比为 5〜2000: 1, 优选为 30〜600: 1, 当纤维状的增强填料含量在上述范围 内时, 聚酰胺组合物就会表现出高热变形温度和增高的高温刚性, 上述尺寸可通 过千分尺对纤维测量得到。
所述增强填料为无机增强填料或有机增强填料;
所述无机增强填料选自玻璃纤维、 钛酸钾纤维、 金属包层的玻璃纤维、 陶 瓷纤维、硅灰石纤维、金属碳化物纤维、金属固化纤维、石棉纤维、氧化铝纤维、 碳化硅纤维、 石膏纤维或硼纤维的一种或几种, 优选为玻璃纤维; 使用玻璃纤维 不仅可提高聚酰胺组合物的可模塑性, 而且可提高力学性能例如拉伸强度、弯曲 强度和弯曲模量, 及提高耐热性例如热塑性树脂组合物进行模塑时的热变形温 度。
所述有机增强填料选自芳族聚酰胺纤维和 /或碳纤维。
所述增强填料的形状为非纤维状, 例如粉末状、 颗粒状、 板状、 针状、 织物 或毡状, 其平均粒径为 0.001〜10μηι, 优选为 0.01〜5μηι, 当增强填料的平均粒 径小于 0.001 μ ηι将导致聚酰胺树脂差的熔融加工性; 当增强填料的平均粒径大 于 ΙΟ μ ηι,将导致不良的注塑成型品表面外观。上述增强填料的平均粒径通过吸 附法来测定, 其可选自钛酸钾晶须、 氧化鋅晶须、 硼酸铝晶须、 硅灰石、 沸石、 绢云母、 高岭土、 云母、 滑石、 粘土、 叶腊石、 膨润土、 蒙脱土、 锂蒙脱土、 合 成云母、 石棉、硅铝酸盐、 氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化镁、 氧化锆、氧化钛、 氧化铁、 碳酸钙、 碳酸镁、 白云石、 硫酸钙、 硫酸钡、 氢氧化镁、 氢氧化钙、 氢氧化铝、 玻璃珠、 陶瓷珠、 氮化硼、 碳化硅或二氧化硅的一种或几种。 这些增强填料可以 是中空的; 此外, 对于膨润土、 蒙脱土、 锂蒙脱土、 合成云母等溶胀性层状硅酸 盐, 可以使用采用有机铵盐将层间离子进行阳离子交换后的有机化蒙脱土。
为了使聚酰胺组合物获得更为优良的机械性能,可采用偶联剂对无机增强填 料进行功能性处理, 其中偶联剂选自异氰酸酯系化合物、有机硅垸系化合物、有 机钛酸酯系化合物、有机硼垸系化合物、环氧化合物;优选为有机硅垸系化合物; 其中,所述有机硅垸系化合物选自含有环氧基的垸氧基硅垸化合物、含有巯 基的垸氧基硅垸化合物、含有脲基的垸氧基硅垸化合物、含有异氰酸酯基的垸氧 基硅垸化合物、 含有氨基的垸氧基硅垸化合物、 含有羟基的垸氧基硅垸化合物、 含有碳-碳不饱和基的垸氧基硅垸化合物、 含有酸酐基的垸氧基硅垸化合物的一 种或几种。
所述含有环氧基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 γ -环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅 垸、 γ -环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅垸、 β -(3, 4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅垸 的一种或几种;
所述含有巯基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 γ -巯基丙基三甲氧基硅垸和 /或 γ - 巯基丙基三乙氧基硅垸;
所述含有脲基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 γ -脲基丙基三乙氧基硅垸、 γ -脲基 丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 γ -(2-脲基乙基)氨基丙基三甲氧基硅垸的一种或几种; 所述含有异氰酸酯基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 γ -异氰酸酯基丙基三乙氧基 硅垸、 γ -异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 γ -异氰酸酯基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅垸、 γ -异氰酸酯基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅垸、 γ -异氰酸酯基丙基乙基二甲氧基硅垸、 γ -异氰酸酯基丙基乙基二乙氧基硅垸、 γ -异氰酸酯基丙基三氯硅垸的一种或几 种;
所述含有氨基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 γ -(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基甲基二甲 氧基硅垸、 γ -(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 γ -氨基丙基三甲氧基硅垸 的一种或几种;
所述含有羟基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 γ -羟基丙基三甲氧基硅垸和 /或 γ - 羟基丙基三乙氧基硅垸;
所述含有碳-碳不饱和基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 γ -甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基 三甲氧基硅垸、 乙烯基三甲氧基硅垸、 N- β -(N-乙烯基苄基氨基乙基)- γ -氨基丙 基三甲氧基硅垸*盐酸盐的一种或几种;
所述含有酸酐基的垸氧基硅垸化合物选自 3-三甲氧基甲硅垸基丙基琥珀酸 酐;
所述有机硅垸系化合物优选为 γ -甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 γ -(2- 氨基乙基)氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅垸、 γ -(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 γ -氨基丙基三甲氧基硅垸或 3-三甲氧基甲硅垸基丙基琥珀酸酐。
可以按照常规的方法采用上述有机硅垸系化合物对无机增强填料进行表面 处理, 然后再将其与聚酰胺树脂进行熔融混炼, 以制备所述聚酰胺组合物; 也可 以直接在无机增强填料与聚酰胺树脂熔融混炼的同时,加入有机硅垸系化合物进 行原位共混;
其中, 所述偶联剂的用量为相对于无机增强填料重量的 0.05〜10wt%, 优选 为 0.1〜5wt%; 当偶联剂的用量小于 0.05wt%时, 其达不到明显的改良机械性能 的效果; 当偶联剂的用量大于 10wt%时, 无机增强填料容易发生凝聚, 并且在聚 酰胺树脂中分散不良的风险, 最终导致机械性能发生下降。
所述阻燃剂为阻燃剂或阻燃剂与阻燃协助剂的组合物, 其含量优选为 10〜40wt%; 阻燃剂含量过低导致阻燃效果变差, 阻燃剂含量过高导致材料力学 性能下降。
所述阻燃剂为卤系阻燃剂或无卤阻燃剂;
所述卤系阻燃剂选自溴化聚苯乙烯、 溴化聚苯醚、 溴化双酚 A型环氧树脂、 溴化苯乙烯 -马来酸酐共聚物、 溴化环氧树脂、 溴化苯氧基树脂、 十溴二苯醚、 十溴代联苯、溴化聚碳酸酯、全溴三环十五垸或溴化芳香族交联聚合物的一种或 几种, 优选为优选溴化聚苯乙烯;
所述无卤阻燃剂选自含氮阻燃剂、含磷阻燃剂或含氮和磷的阻燃剂的一种或 几种; 优选为含磷阻燃剂。
所述含磷阻燃剂选自单磷酸芳基磷酸酯、双磷酸芳基磷酸酯、垸基膦酸二甲 酯、 磷酸三苯酯、 磷酸三甲苯酯、 磷酸三 (二甲苯)酯、 丙苯系磷酸酯、 丁苯系磷 酸酯或次磷酸盐的一种或几种; 优选为次磷酸盐;
所述次磷酸盐具有如下结构式 ( I ) 的次磷酸盐:
Figure imgf000006_0001
式中, R1, R2相同或不同, 表示为直链或含支链的 1〜6个碳原子的垸基和 /或芳 基或苯基; M为 Mg、 Ca、 Al、 Zn、 Bi、 Mn、 Na、 K或被质子化了的含氮碱; m为 1〜3。
所述其他助剂选自增塑剂、 增稠剂、 防静电剂、 脱模剂、 色粉、 染色剂或成 核剂的一种或几种。
本发明与现有技术相比, 具有如下有益效果:
1 )本发明的聚酰胺树脂的饱和吸水率低于 0.8wt%,具有较低的饱和吸水率, 可应用于发动机油管等对饱和吸水率要求较高的场合;
2) 本发明的聚酰胺树脂的熔点高于 260°C, 耐热性强, 能应用于如回流焊 接温度超过 260°C的场合;
3 )本发明的聚酰胺树脂的断裂伸长率为 14〜45%; 缺口冲击强度为 6.9〜12.0 kJ/m2(23°C), 具有高韧性, 可用于发动机油管等对韧性要求较高的场合;
4)由本发明的聚酰胺树脂制备所得的聚酰胺组合物也具有低的饱和吸水率、 高耐热性和高韧性, 可用于发动机油管等对上述性能要求较高的场合。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明,以下实施例为本发明较佳的实 施方式, 但本发明的实施方式并不受下述实施例的限制。
聚酰胺的饱和吸水率测试方法: 将样品注塑成 20mmX 20 mm X 2mm 的制 件, 其重量记为 a0; 然后将其置于 35°C、 湿度 85%的环境中 168h后, 称量其重 量记为 al ; 则饱和吸水率 = (al- aO) / a0*100%。 制品表面浮纤情况检测方法: 取 3000g聚合物粒子进行注塑后, 得到一面光 滑的色板; 将该色板置于二次元测量仪上观察其浮纤情况。
所得预聚产物和聚酰胺的相对粘度的测试方法: 参照 GB12006.1-89, 聚酰 胺粘数测定方法; 具体测试方法为: 在 25 ± 0.01°C的 98%的浓硫酸中测量浓度 为 0.25g/dl的聚酰胺的相对粘度 n r;
聚酰胺的熔点的测试方法:参照 ASTM D3418-2003 , Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers By Differential Scanning Calorimetry; 具体测 试方法是: 采用 Perkin Elmer Dimond DSC分析仪测试样品的熔点; 氮气气氛, 流速为 40mL/min; 测试时先以 10°C /min升温至 340°C, 在 340°C保持 2min, 然后以 10°C/min冷却到 50°C, 再以 10°C/min升温至 340°C, 将此时的吸热峰温 度设为熔点 Tm;
所得聚酰胺端氨基含量的测试方法:用全自动电位滴定仪滴定样品端氨基含 量; 取 0.5g聚合物, 加苯酚 45mL及无水甲醇 3mL, 加热回流, 观察试样完全 溶解后, 冷至室温, 用已标定的盐酸标准溶液滴定端氨基含量;
所得聚酰胺端羧基含量的测试方法:用全自动电位滴定仪滴定样品端羧基含 量; 取 0.5g聚合物, 加邻甲酚 50mL, 回流溶解, 放冷后迅速加入 400 甲醛 溶液, 用已标定的 KOH-乙醇溶液滴定端羧基含量;
所得聚酰胺树脂亮度 L值的测试方法: 使用标准色板模具, 取 3000g聚合 物粒子进行注塑后, 得到一面光滑的色板。 将该色板置于理宝 Color-Eye7000A 电脑测色仪上得到亮度值 L值;
断裂伸长率: 根据 ISO 527-2测定, 测试条件为 23°C和 lOmm/min;
缺口冲击强度:根据 ISO 180/1A测定,测试条件为 23°C,缺口类型为 A型。 实施例 1~11及对比例 1~8
在配有磁力偶合搅拌、 冷凝管、 气相口、 加料口、 压力防爆口的压力釜中按 表格中的比例加入反应原料; 再加入苯甲酸、次磷酸钠和去离子水; 苯甲酸物质 的量为二胺、 二酸、 内酰胺和氨基酸总物质的量的 2.5%, 次磷酸钠重量为除去 离子水外其他投料重量的 0.1%, 去离子水重量为总投料重量的 30%; 抽真空充 入高纯氮气作为保护气,在搅拌下 2小时内升温到 220°C,将反应混合物在 220°C 搅拌 1小时, 然后在搅拌下使反应物的温度升高到 230°C; 反应在 230°C的恒温 和 2.2MPa的恒压下继续进行 2小时, 通过移去所形成的水而保持压力恒定, 反 应完成后出料, 预聚物于 80°C下真空干燥 24小时, 得到预聚产物, 所述预聚产 物在 250°C、 50Pa真空条件下固相增粘 10小时, 得到聚酰胺。 聚酰胺的相对粘 度、 熔点、 饱和吸水率等列于表 1中。
表 1
Figure imgf000008_0001
续表 1
对比 对比 对比 对比 对比 对比 对比 对比 例 1 例 2 例 3 例 4 例 5 例 6 例 7 例 8 对苯二甲酸 /mol 9 11 11 13 18 19 20 9 癸二酸 /mol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 间苯二甲酸 /mol 0 0 9 7 0 0 0 0
1,6-己二酸 /mol 11 9 0 0 2 1 0 0
1,6-己二胺 /mol 20 20 20 20 2 1 0 0
1,10-癸二胺 /mol 0 0 0 0 18 19 20 20 端氨基 /mol/t 40 38 45 44 38 44 46 38 端羧基 /mol/t 82 71 88 80 92 89 92 88
相对粘度 2.233 2.228 2.263 2.279 2.220 2.231 2.210 2.269 熔点 / °C 292 311 294 315 292 304 316 255 饱和吸水率 /% 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 干态断裂伸长率 9 42
7 6 6 8 9 8
/%
湿态断裂伸长率 8 40
9 8 7 7 10 9
/%
缺口冲击强度 6.1 13.6
4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.6 4.1
/m2(23°C) 从实施例 1〜11及对比例 1〜8的比较可以看出, 本发明所述的实施例, 其树 脂的饱和吸水率都在 0.8wt%以下, 而对比例中 6T类树脂的饱和吸水率普遍在 1.6wt%以上;而实施例中树脂的断裂伸长率远高于对比例中 6T类和 10T类树脂, 缺口冲击强度也高于后者。对比例 8尽管吸水率很低, 冲击强度也很高, 但由于 癸二酸含量过高, 熔点很低, 难以应用在高温场合。
实施例 12-17及对比例 9~13
按表 2的配方将聚酰胺树脂、 阻燃剂、其他助剂在高混机中混合均匀后, 通 过主喂料口加入双螺杆挤出机中,增强填料通过侧喂料秤侧喂,挤出,过水冷却, 造粒并干燥后得到所述聚酰胺组合物。 其中, 挤出温度为 330°C。
表 2 下表中配方均为重量份
实 施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 对比 对比 对比 对比 对比 例 12 例 13 例 14 例 15 例 16 例 17 例 9 例 10 例 11 例 12 例 13 实 施 实施 实施 实施 实施 实施 对比 对比 对比 对比 对比 聚酰胺树脂
例 2 例 2 例 4 例 7 例 2 例 2 例 1 例 1 例 5 例 5 例 1 树脂含量 70 50 70 50 30 99.9 70 50 70 50 99.9 玻璃纤维 29 30 29 30 60 0 29 30 29 30 0 次磷酸盐阻燃剂 0 15 0 15 5 0 0 15 0 15 0 聚丁烯 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 双季戊四醇 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 硼酸锌 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 酚类抗氧剂 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05 聚乙烯蜡 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.05 饱和吸水率 /% 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.6 干态断裂伸长率 8 26
13 11 12 10 3 2 4 2 7
/%
湿态断裂伸长率 7 27
12 11 11 11 3 3 3 2 9
/%
缺口冲击强度 7.9 9.2
13.3 11.2 10.8 9.5 5.6 4.1 5.5 4.2 4.1 /m2(23°C)
浮纤 ◎ 〇 ◎ 〇
〇 ◎ Π Π Π Π ◎
©表面非常光滑; 〇表面微量浮纤; Q表面大量浮纤 从表 2可以看出,本申请实施例制备得到的聚酰胺树脂制备得到的组合物的 饱和吸水率都在 0.3wt%以下, 而对比例中 6T类树脂的吸水率普遍在 1.4^%以 上; 实施例的聚酰胺组合物的断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度也高于对比例; 对比例 在二次元测量仪上检测浮纤, 也很严重。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种聚酰胺树脂, 其特征在于, 按摩尔百分比计, 由如下重复单元组分组成: 组分 A: 80-99mol%的由癸二胺和对苯二甲酸形成的 10T单元;
组分 B:l-20mol%的由癸二胺和癸二酸形成的 1010单元;
其中, 癸二酸被间苯二甲酸或含有 2〜14个碳原子的其它脂肪族二羧酸取代。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的聚酰胺树脂, 其特征在于, 所述含有 2〜14个碳原子的 其它脂肪族二羧酸选自乙二酸、 丙二酸、 丁二酸、 戊二酸、 己二酸、 庚二酸、 辛 二酸、 2-甲基辛二酸、 壬二酸、 十一二酸、 十三二酸或十四二酸的一种或几种。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述聚酰胺的树脂, 其特征在于, 所述聚酰胺树脂的熔点高 于 260°C, 优选 280-330°C。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚酰胺树脂, 其特征在于, 所述聚酰胺树脂的饱和吸 水率低于 0.8wt%。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚酰胺树脂, 其特征在于, 所述聚酰胺树脂的断裂伸 长率为 14〜45%。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的聚酰胺树脂, 其特征在于, 所述聚酰胺树脂的缺口冲 击强度为 6.9〜12.0 kJ/m2(23°C)。
7、 一种包含权利要求 1〜6任一项所述的聚酰胺树脂的聚酰胺组合物, 按重量百 分比计, 包括如下组分:
聚酰胺树脂 30〜99.9%;
增强填料 0〜60%;
阻燃剂 0〜50%;
其他助剂 0.1〜10%;
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的聚酰胺组合物, 其特征在于, 所述增强填料的形状为 纤维状, 其平均长度为 0.01-20mm, 优选为 0.1〜6mm; 其长径比为 5〜2000:1, 优 选为 30〜600:1; 所述增强填料的含量为 10〜50wt%。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的聚酰胺组合物, 其特征在于, 所述增强填料为无机增 强填料或有机增强填料, 所述无机增强填料选自玻璃纤维、 钛酸钾纤维、 金属 包层的玻璃纤维、 陶瓷纤维、 硅灰石纤维、 金属碳化物纤维、 金属固化纤维、 石 棉纤维、 氧化铝纤维、 碳化硅纤维、 石膏纤维或硼纤维的一种或几种, 优选为玻 璃纤维; 所述有机增强填料选自芳族聚酰胺纤维和 /或碳纤维。
10、根据权利要求 7所述的聚酰胺组合物, 其特征在于, 所述增强填料的形状为 非纤维状, 其平均粒径为 0.001〜10μηι, 优选为 0.01〜5μηι, 选自钛酸钾晶须、 氧化鋅晶须、硼酸铝晶须、 硅灰石、沸石、 绢云母、 高岭土、 云母、滑石、 粘土、 叶腊石、 膨润土、 蒙脱土、 锂蒙脱土、 合成云母、 石棉、 硅铝酸盐、 氧化铝、 氧 化硅、 氧化镁、 氧化锆、 氧化钛、 氧化铁、 碳酸钙、 碳酸镁、 白云石、 硫酸钙、 硫酸钡、 氢氧化镁、 氢氧化钙、 氢氧化铝、 玻璃珠、 陶瓷珠、 氮化硼、 碳化硅或 二氧化硅的一种或几种。
11、根据权利要求 7所述的聚酰胺组合物, 其特征在于, 所述阻燃剂为卤系阻燃 剂或无卤阻燃剂, 所述卤系阻燃剂选自溴化聚苯乙烯、 溴化聚苯醚、 溴化双酚 A 型环氧树脂、 溴化苯乙烯 -马来酸酐共聚物、 溴化环氧树脂、 溴化苯氧基树脂、 十溴二苯醚、 十溴代联苯、溴化聚碳酸酯、全溴三环十五垸或溴化芳香族交联聚 合物的一种或几种,优选为优选溴化聚苯乙烯;所述无卤阻燃剂选自含氮阻燃剂、 含磷阻燃剂或含氮和磷的阻燃剂的一种或几种; 优选为含磷阻燃剂; 所述阻燃剂 的含量为 10〜40wt%。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的聚酰胺组合物, 其特征在于, 所述含磷阻燃剂选自 单磷酸芳基磷酸酯、 双磷酸芳基磷酸酯、 垸基膦酸二甲酯、 磷酸三苯酯、 磷酸三 甲苯酯、 磷酸三 (二甲苯)酯、 丙苯系磷酸酯、 丁苯系磷酸酯、 次磷酸盐的一种或 几种; 优选为具有如下结构式 ( I ) 的次磷酸盐:
M (!)
Figure imgf000012_0001
式中, R1, R2相同或不同, 表示为直链或含支链的 1〜6个碳原子的垸基和 /或芳 基或苯基; M为 Mg、 Ca、 Al、 Zn、 Bi、 Mn、 Na、 K或被质子化了的含氮碱; m为 1〜3。
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