WO2014186982A1 - 三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的应用 - Google Patents

三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的应用 Download PDF

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WO2014186982A1
WO2014186982A1 PCT/CN2013/076216 CN2013076216W WO2014186982A1 WO 2014186982 A1 WO2014186982 A1 WO 2014186982A1 CN 2013076216 W CN2013076216 W CN 2013076216W WO 2014186982 A1 WO2014186982 A1 WO 2014186982A1
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injection
group
preparation
thrombocytopenia
notoginseng
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PCT/CN2013/076216
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蓝桂华
兰锋
孙晓波
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昆明圣火药业(集团)有限公司
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Priority to KR1020157036458A priority Critical patent/KR20160012210A/ko
Priority to EP13885144.9A priority patent/EP3006025A4/en
Priority to US14/893,792 priority patent/US9526713B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/076216 priority patent/WO2014186982A1/zh
Priority to EA201592232A priority patent/EA201592232A1/ru
Priority to BR112015029280A priority patent/BR112015029280A2/pt
Priority to JP2016514236A priority patent/JP2016518455A/ja
Publication of WO2014186982A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014186982A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/197Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
    • A61K31/198Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • A61P31/06Antibacterial agents for tuberculosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/04Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medicines and relates to the use of a medicament for treating thrombocytopenia, in particular to a medicament for preparing a medicament for treating thrombocytopenia.
  • Platelets are the smallest blood cells. Their main function is coagulation and hemostasis. When the human body is bleeding, the platelets will rush into the wound in a few seconds. They first release the vasoconstrictor and make the damaged blood vessels different degrees. The contraction, followed by adhesion of platelets and other blood clotting substances in the blood to the damaged vessel wall, forms a blood clot that blocks the damaged wound and blood vessels.
  • the number of platelets in healthy people is 100 X 10 9 /L ⁇ 300 X 10 9 /L. Its life span averages 8 to 12 days, and platelet counts are below the lower limit of reference for a variety of reasons, which is thrombocytopenia.
  • Thrombocytopenia can cause the following hazards: 1. May cause mucosal bleeding (nasal mucosal hemorrhage, oral mucosal hemorrhage, gastrointestinal mucosal hemorrhage, genitourinary tract bleeding, vaginal bleeding, etc.); 2. Major bleeding after surgery; 3. Multiple ecchymosis , purpura is most often found in the legs; 4. causing massive bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system bleeding can be life-threatening.
  • thrombocytopenia There are many causes of thrombocytopenia, such as decreased platelet production, excessive platelet destruction, and excessive platelet retention in the spleen.
  • Decreased platelet production Damage to hematopoietic stem cells due to certain factors such as drugs, malignant tumors, infections, ionizing radiation, etc. or affecting their proliferation in bone marrow cells.
  • Excessive platelet destruction Common idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and wasting thrombocytopenia, such as diffuse intravascular coagulation and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
  • Platelets are excessively retained in the spleen: common in spleen function. The above factors often exist at the same time. Clinically, except for pseudo-thrombocytopenia, there is no need for treatment. Both drug-induced thrombocytopenia and pathological thrombocytopenia require treatment.
  • Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a hemorrhagic disease caused by a decrease in platelet count in peripheral blood caused by certain drugs.
  • the drug-induced platelet count is less than 100 X 10 9 /L, and severe platelets can be caused.
  • anticoagulant drugs such as heparin, antitumor drugs and immunosuppressants, antibacterials such as chloramphenicol and sulfonamides, antipyretic analgesics such as aspirin and Acetaminophen, diuretics such as chlorpyridin, antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, hypoglycemic agents such as chlorpropamide and tolbutamide, estrogens such as diethylstilbestrol, certain vaccines, Certain Chinese medicine preparations, some drop It is caused by drugs such as blood lipid drugs, cimetidine, secret agents, digitalis, and organic arsenic.
  • Pathological thrombocytopenia mainly includes primary and secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, megaloblastic anemia, DIC, hypersplenism, radiation sickness, kala-azar, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, bone marrow metastasis and Progressive extracorporeal circulation and the like.
  • thrombocytopenic purpura is the most common.
  • first-line treatment glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin and splenectomy
  • second-line treatment intravenous anti-Rh (D) immunoglobulin, immunosuppressant
  • first-line and second-line treatment failure can be treated by platelet transfusion, plasma exchange, protein immunoadsorption and the like.
  • platelet transfusion is an effective method for the treatment of thrombocytopenia.
  • interleukin _11 IL-11
  • thrombopoietin TP0
  • thrombocytopenia Chinese medicine also has its theory of treatment.
  • thrombocytopenic purpura (1TP)
  • commonly used drugs include ascending platelet capsules and weixining granules.
  • chemotherapy drugs are the products of attack, which are hot and toxic, can consume gas and damage yin, damage organs, especially spleen, kidney, liver and other visceral functions, so that the source of the sky Depletion and qi and blood damage, liver and kidney loss, spleen and stomach weakness and other syndromes.
  • Dencichine (also known as Neurotokin), chemical name ⁇ -N-oxalyl-L- ⁇ , ⁇ -di-alanyl-L, ⁇ -diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), is a Non-protein ammonia
  • the base acid is a hemostatic active ingredient in Panax notoginseng.
  • Rao et al first isolated and identified the chemical structure of Dencichine from the seeds of Lathyrus sativus, and successfully synthesized the compound in 1971. The relationship between the optical activity and central toxicity of the compound was also studied. Since then, there have been reports of various synthetic methods. At present, the research on the central toxicity of Dencichine has reached the level of cellular molecules. It is believed that the central toxicity of Dencichine is mainly because Dencichine acts as an analog of L-glutamate, polarizing the central nervous cell membrane, affecting Na + , K + , Ca 2+ plasma Caused by the activity.
  • the notoginseng is prepared into an oral preparation or an injection preparation by adding a pharmaceutically acceptable conventional excipient for clinical treatment of thrombocytopenia.
  • the oral preparation is a tablet, a capsule, a granule or a powder; and the injection preparation is an injection or a powder injection.
  • the oral preparation is preferably a dispersion tablet, an orally disintegrating tablet or a sustained release tablet; and the injection preparation is preferably an injection solution.
  • the present invention has found for the first time that notoginsenoside can be used for the treatment of thrombocytopenia.
  • Laboratory pharmacodynamic tests have confirmed that Panax notoginseng can effectively inhibit the treatment of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopenic purpura caused by chemotherapy drugs, with remarkable curative effect and little side effects.
  • Test animals Wistar rats, male, weighing 180_210 g, purchased from Changchun Yisi experimental animals Technology Co., Ltd. Certificate No.: SCXK- ( ⁇ ) 2011-0004
  • Trimethoate Specification: 46mk/bottle, supplied by Kunming Shenghuo Pharmaceutical Group, batch number: 20120323; Freshly prepared in normal saline, stored at 4 °C, for intraperitoneal injection.
  • Recombinant human interleukin-11 for injection specifications: 2. 4*10 7 AU/3. 0mg, produced by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number: 201202008SK, sterile lyophilized preparation, stored at 4 ° C, preparation method: fresh with physiological saline Formulated for subcutaneous injection.
  • Carboplatin injection specifications: 10ml: 100mg, produced by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number: 1040042ES, stored in the dark, freshly diluted with physiological saline before use, for intravenous injection.
  • Test equipment T2000 type electronic scale, produced by American Shuangjie Brothers Co., Ltd. PE-6800VET full automatic blood cell analyzer, produced by Shenzhen Pukang Electronics Co., Ltd. FB-40 blood coagulation analyzer, produced by Shenzhen Pukang Electronics Co., Ltd. CH-20 microscope, produced by Olympus Group.
  • 81 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: blank control group, high dose group A (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, no model), model group (40 mg/kg, tail vein injection), interleukin 11 groups (260 ⁇ g/kg, subcutaneous injection), high dose B (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, modeling), high dose (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), medium dose (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), Low dose (0.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) a total of eight groups, except for the model group of 11 other groups were 10. Animals were acclimated to the 2-day environment before the experiment, and blood was taken from the tail to detect hematological parameters.
  • hematological parameters were measured in the blank group, the drug group A, and the positive drug group. Thereafter, all animals (except the blank group and the reagent group A) were injected with carboplatin 40 mg/kg in a single tail vein, and then administered continuously for 15 days. The 15-day trials were discontinued in groups A and B. Blood samples were taken from the tails on the 5th, 10th, and 15th day of modeling. The second injection of carboplatin 40 mg/kg was re-modeled after the 15th day of modeling, and all the administration groups were continued to be administered as described above, once a day for 10 days. Animals were weighed before each test to detect hematological parameters.
  • the blood was taken from the tail of the rats to detect hematological parameters.
  • the blood was taken from the tail of the rats, and the hematology, reticulocyte and coagulation indicators were detected; The animals were weighed and sacrificed; the liver, thymus, spleen, and adrenal glands were weighed, and the organ index was calculated; and the bone marrow was taken for pathology.
  • the weight gain of the blank control group was normal; After administration, the body weight increased slowly compared with the control group, and there was a significant difference.
  • the interleukin 11 group was administered at 280 ⁇ g/kg, subcutaneously, and the body weight was significantly reduced. The condition was poor after 10 days of preventive administration. There was a significant difference; after the injection of carboplatin, there were dead animals, and then the dose was reduced to 260 ⁇ g/kg, and the body weight and condition of the animals gradually returned to normal. During the whole administration period, the body weight of the animals injected with carboplatin was significantly lower than that of the blank group, and there was no significant difference between the other groups and the model group.
  • Interleukin 11 group (9) 4.10 ⁇ 0.30** 0.39 + 0.05** 0.14 ⁇ 0.05 0.04 + 0.01**
  • Prevention of high dose B (10) 3.70 ⁇ 0.31 0.36 ⁇ 0.10 0.10 ⁇ 0.03 0.03 ⁇ 0.01
  • interleukin 11 significantly increased the number of platelets in the animals, which was significantly different from the control group.
  • the number of platelets was still increasing.
  • the number of platelets in the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group, which was reduced to 51.4%. There was no significant difference between the groups and the model group.
  • the platelet count of the model group was reduced to 19.8% compared with the control group.
  • the platelet count of the interleukin 11 group was significantly higher than that of the model group, and the platelet count was inhibited.
  • the number of platelets in the group A was significantly higher than that in the blank control group.
  • the number of platelets in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group, which was reduced to 21.6%%.
  • the platelet count and model group of the interleukin 11 group was significantly higher, and the number of platelets in the other groups was not significantly different from that in the model group, and the animal status was poor.
  • Control group high-dose model group
  • interleukin group prevention of high-dose, high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose, before the start of the experiment
  • Prednisone acetate tablets are produced by Tianjin Pacific Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (National Medicine Standard H12020809).
  • the prednisone acetate tablets were ground into a powder and formulated into a suspension (0.3 g/L) with physiological saline.
  • mice Healthy BALB/C mice, weighing 18-22 g, were randomly divided into 6 groups, 12 in each group, blank group, model group, prednisone acetate group, and notoginseng (low, medium and high dose) groups.
  • Modeling method BALB/C mice were collected from the iliac vein, EDTA-Na 2 was anticoagulated, and platelets were separated and washed. The prepared platelet suspensions were each mixed with an equal amount of complete Freund's adjuvant and incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
  • the antigen containing complete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the hind paw, back and groin of guinea pigs respectively; the antigen containing incomplete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the hind legs of guinea pigs at 2, 3, and 5 weeks.
  • the palm, back and groin are subcutaneous.
  • the antibody titer was tested by agar diffusion method and stored in a refrigerator at -20 ° C for use.
  • mice The other five groups of mice except the normal group were injected with guinea pig anti-mouse platelet serum (APS) at a dose of 100 l/20 g body weight in the abdominal cavity on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 of the experiment.
  • APS guinea pig anti-mouse platelet serum
  • mice Each group of mice was gavaged from the first day of the test.
  • the low, medium and high doses of Panax notoginseng were 1.5, 3, 6 mg/kg respectively; the prednisone mice were given 5 mg/(kg * d) to the prednisone acetate suspension;
  • Group mice were given an equal volume of normal saline (0.2 ml / 20 g) body weight.
  • the stomach was administered once a day, and I4d was continuously administered.
  • Grade I Mild bleeding at the injection site, scattered bleeding at other sites.
  • Grade II Significant bleeding at the injection site, and see other areas of ecchymosis, sputum.
  • Grade III Severe bleeding at the injection site, large skin ecchymosis, blemishes, blackness or ulceration.
  • Body weight test The body weight of each group was measured before modeling, on the 7th day of the experiment, and on the 14th day of the experiment.
  • mice The body weight changes of mice in each group before modeling, on the 7th day of experiment and on the 14th day of experiment are shown in Table 7.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种治疗血小板减少症的药物的用途,具体涉及三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的应用。可通过添加药学上可接受的常规辅料,将三七素制备成口服制剂或注射制剂。药效学试验表明三七素能有效抑制因化疗药物导致的血小板减少和血小板减少性紫癜的治疗,疗效显著,毒副作用小。

Description

三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的应用
技术领域
本发明属于药物技术领域,涉及一种治疗血小板减少症的药物的用途, 具体 的说, 涉及一种三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的应用。
背景技术
血小板是最小的血细胞, 其主要功能是凝血和止血, 当人体受伤流血时, 血 小板就会成群结队的在数秒钟内扑向伤口, 它们首先释放血管收缩物质,使受损 的血管不同程度的收缩,接着血小板和血液中的其它凝血物质黏附在破损血管壁 上聚集成团, 形成血凝块, 堵塞破损的伤口和血管。 健康人血小板数量为 100 X 109/L~300 X 109/L。 它的寿命平均为 8〜12天, 由于多种原因导致血小板计数结 果低于参考值下限, 就是血小板减少。
血小板减少可产生下列危害: 1. 可引起粘膜出血 (鼻粘膜出血、 口腔粘膜出 血、 胃肠道粘膜出血、泌尿生殖道出血、 阴道出血等); 2. 手术后大出血; 3. 多 发性瘀斑、 紫癜最常出现于腿部; 4. 引起胃肠道大量出血和中枢神经内出血可 危及生命。
血小板减少的原因很多, 有血小板生成减少、血小板破坏过多、血小板在脾 内滞留过多等。 (1 ) 血小板生成减少: 由于某些因素如药物、 恶性肿瘤、 感染、 电离辐射等损伤造血干细胞或影响其在骨髓细胞中的增殖所致。 (2)血小板破坏 过多: 常见的有特发性血小板减少性紫癜及消耗性血小板减少症, 如弥漫性血管 内凝血、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜等。 (3 )血小板在脾内滞留过多: 常见于脾功 能亢进。 以上诸因素往往同时存在。 临床上除假性血小板减少不需治疗外, 药源 性血小板减少和病理性血小板减少均需采用治疗手段进行治疗。
药源性血小板减少症 (DITP)是由于某些药物所致周围血液中血小板计数减 少, 从而导致的出血性疾病, 表现为药物所致血小板计数低于 100 X 109/L, 重症 可致血小板减少至 5 X 109/L 以下, 常由抗凝血药物如肝素、 抗肿瘤药物和免疫 抑制剂、抗菌药如氯霉素和磺胺类药物等、解热镇痛药如阿斯匹林和对乙酰氨基 酚等、利尿药如氯噻嗉等、抗癫痫药物如苯妥英钠和卡马西平等、 降血糖药如氯 磺丙脲和甲苯磺丁脲等, 雌激素如己烯雌酚、 某些疫苗、 某些中药制剂、 某些降 血脂药物、 西咪替丁、 秘剂、 洋地黄毒甙、 有机砷类等药物引发。
病理性血小板减少主要有原发性和继发性血小板减少性紫癜、再生障碍性贫 血、 急性白血病、 巨幼细胞性贫血、 DIC、 脾功能亢进、 放射病、 黑热病、 伤寒、 结核、骨髓转移癌及进行性体外循环等。临床主要以血小板减少性紫癜最为常见。
多年来, 国内外众多学者对血小板减少症的治疗进行了深入研究,取得了一 定的成果。 血小板减少症治疗方法很多, 有一线治疗: 糖皮质激素、 静注免疫球 蛋白及脾切除; 二线治疗: 静脉用抗 Rh (D)免疫球蛋白、 免疫抑制剂; 及一线、 二线治疗均失败后, 可采用血小板输注, 血浆置换、 蛋白免疫吸附等方法治疗。 其中血小板输注治疗血小板减少症虽然是一种行之有效的方法, 但因保存时间 短、供血来源缺乏、花费较高且可能发生血源性感染、输血反应及产生血小板抗 体等, 临床应用受到限制; 且反复输注后会出现血小板输注无效, 因而也时刻威 胁着病人的生命。 白细胞介素 _11 (IL-11)、 血小板生成素 (TP0)虽有较好疗效, 但因不良反应大、价格昂贵等原因还不能广泛用于临床。 因此, 安全而有效的治 疗药物仍是急需研究与开发的目标, 具有显著的社会效益和广泛的市场前景。
针对血小板减少, 中医亦有其治疗的理论。 对于血小板减少性紫癜(1TP), 常用的药物有升血小板胶囊、 维血宁颗粒等。 针对化疗后引起的血小板减少症, 中医认为化疗药物为攻伐之品, 具热毒之性, 可耗气伤阴、 损伤脏腑功能, 尤其 脾、 肾、 肝等脏腑功能, 使先后天之源枯竭而出现气血损伤、 肝肾亏损、 脾胃虚 弱等证候。 最常用中药有人参、 黄芪、 白术、 当归、 地黄、 阿胶、 鸡血藤、 补骨 脂、 枸杞子、 女贞子、 仙鹤草、 花生衣等, 也有些复方制剂如复方皂矾丸、 升板 方等。
三七别名田七、 金不换, 为五加科 (araliaceae)人参属植物三七 [panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen]的干燥根。 《本草纲目》言三七 "止血散血定痛, 金 刃箭伤跌扑杖疮血出不止者, 嚼烂涂, 或为末掺之, 其血即止。 亦主吐血衄血, 下血血痢,崩中经水不止,产后恶血不下,血运血痛,赤目痛肿,虎咬蛇伤诸病"。 《医学衷中参西录》称其"化淤血而不伤新血,允为理血妙品"。 《本草新编》称: "三七根, 止血之神药也"。 历版 《中国药典》 对三七的主要功能均界定为 "散 淤止血, 消肿定痛"。数千年来三七广泛用于跌打损伤、 内伤出血等内外出血症。
三七素 (Dencichine, 别称 Neurotokin), 化学名为 β-N-草酰基 -L-α, β-二氨基 丙酸 [β-N-oxalyl-L-a, β-diaminopropionic acid, 简称 ODAP], 为一种非蛋白质氨 基酸, 是三七中的止血活性成分。 1964年 Rao等首次从山熏豆 (Lathyrus sativus) 的种子中分离并鉴定了 Dencichine的化学结构,并于 1971年成功合成该化合物, 同时也研究了该化合物光学活性与中枢毒性的关系。此后陆续有各种合成方法的 报道。 目前对 Dencichine 中枢毒性的研究已经深入到细胞分子水平, 认为 Dencichine中枢毒性主要是因为 Dencichine作为 L-谷氨酸盐的类似物,极化中枢 神经细胞膜, 影响 Na+、 K+、 Ca2+等离子的活性所致。
中国药物工作者从 20世纪 80年代中期开始三七素的合成和药理、毒理的研 究。 1984年天津中药研究所赵国强等合成了三七止血有效成分 Dencichine,并研 究了 Dencichine及其对映体 β-N-草酰基 -D-α, β-二氨基丙酸在止血、 增加血小板 数目和神经毒性等方面的作用,发现 Dencichine及其对映体均在止血和增加血小 板数目等方面效果显著。赵国强将 lmg的 Dencichine溶于 0.5ml的 Ringer-Locke 溶液中, 给雌性小白鼠腹腔注射, 发现 Dencichine 能明显增加血小板数目达 30%。 1988 年吉林农业大学鲁岐等分别从人参等中药中分离得止血成分 Dencichine, 使得古方记载的人参等中药具有止血作用得到了科学的验证。 刘贺 之等对三七素止血作用的机理进行研究, 认为三七注射液能使血小板发生伸展、 伪足、 聚集、 变形等粘性变形运动, 使细胞部分破坏和部分溶解, 发生脱颗粒分 泌反应, 从而诱导血小板释放 ADP、 血小板因子和钙离子等止血活性物质, 从 而达到止血目的。
针对三七素能增加血小板数目的报道,我们开展了三七素用于血小板减少症 的试验研究。 试验结果表明,单次给予注射用三七素后以及药物各剂量对家兔 血小板数量均无明显的改变作用 (表 1)。
表 1 注射用三七素对家兔血小板数量影响 (n=6, mean士 SD )
PLT ( x l09/L)
组别 齐 LI里 (mg/kg) -
0 min 30 min 60 min 氯化钠注射液 - 529.0±54.2 512.8±54.7 524.8±49.9 立芷雪 ® 0.3 KU/kg 613.0±118.8 488.5±141.9 519.2±90.5
1.00 491.2±163.1 526.5±143.8 541.0±121.6 注射用三七素 0.20 574.0±64.3 502.3±60.8 518.2±128.5
0.04 523.3±78.5 451.0±144.5 504.0±87.8 而在反复预防给药过程中发现, 分别提前预防给药 3天、 5天、 7天, 结果 显示, 预防给药 7天、 5天, 白介素 11、 三七素均可使血小板数较模型组升高; 预防给药 3天, 血小板数与模型组比无明显差异 (表 2)。
表 2.三七素不同给药时间对卡铂致血小板减少大鼠血小板数的影响 ( i± , X 109个 /L) 初始值 预防给药 注射卡铂 10天 空白组 747.0± 106.88 635.7±118.11 788.0±147.35 模型组 716.6±62.57 651.3±97.93 115.9±12.71 预防 7天白介素 732.3 ±197.06 860.5±113.92 179.5 ±26.76 预防 7天三七素 743.7 ±226.92 772.8 ±70.63# 166.2±18.20 预防 5天白介素 724.0±178.87 759.5 ±145.34 178.3 ±57.08 预防 5天三七素 736.2± 182.37 773.2 ±142.02 176.2 ±28.34 预防 3天白介素 736.3 ±175.56 820.7±155.13 88.5±51.49
预防 3天三七素 717.5 ±276.94 656.3 ±67.35 110.2±40.43 进一步的药效学研究发现, 三七素能显著对抗卡铂引起的大鼠血小板减少, 表现出升血小板的作用, 同时能改善血小板功能, 对抗因注射卡铂后引起的大鼠 血小板聚集率减少, 增加其血小板聚集率。迄今为止, 中国现有技术中已经报道 过少量三七素作为止血药物, 如公开号为 CN1292376A的专利申请中介绍, 少量三 七素能达到止血效果, 但三七素运用于血小板减少症的治疗, 均未见报道。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的用 途。
优选的, 通过添加药学上可接受的常规辅料, 将三七素制备成口服制剂或 注射制剂, 应用于临床治疗血小板减少症。
进一步优选的, 所述口服制剂为片剂、 胶囊剂、 颗粒剂或散剂; 所述注射 制剂为注射液或粉针剂。 其中, 口服制剂优选为分散片、 口腔崩解片或缓释片; 注射制剂优选为注射液。
本发明的技术效果: 本发明首次发现了三七素能够用于血小板减少症的治 疗。实验室药效学试验已经证实三七素能有效抑制因化疗药物导致的血小板减少 和血小板减少性紫癜的治疗, 疗效显著, 毒副作用小。
具体实施方式
以下是实验室关于三七素具有治疗血小板减少活性方面的药效试验。
实施例 1 给予三七素对多次注射卡铂致大鼠血小板减少模型的影响
1.1试验材料
试验动物: Wistar大鼠, 雄性, 体重 180_210g, 购自于长春亿斯实验动物 技术有限公司。 合格证号: SCXK- (吉) 2011-0004
试验药品及配置方法:
试药三七素, 规格: 46mk/瓶, 由昆明圣火药业基团提供, 批号: 20120323; 用时以生理盐水新鲜配制, 4°C保存, 供腹腔注射。
注射用重组人白介素 -11,规格: 2. 4*107AU/3. 0mg,齐鲁制药有限公司生产, 批号: 201202008SK, 无菌冻干制剂, 4°C保存, 配制方法: 用生理盐水新鲜配制, 供皮下注射。
卡铂注射液,规格: 10ml : 100mg,齐鲁制药有限公司生产,批号: 1040042ES, 避光保存, 使用前用生理盐水新鲜稀释, 供静脉注射。
试验仪器: T2000型电子称, 由美国双杰兄弟有限公司生产。 PE-6800VET全 自动血细胞分析仪,由深圳市普康电子有限公司生产。 FB-40型血液凝固分析仪, 由深圳市普康电子有限公司生产。 CH-20显微镜, 由奧林巴斯集团公司出品。
1.2试验方法:取 81只大鼠, 随机分为八组: 空白对照组, 高剂量 A组(4mg/kg, 腹腔注射,不造模),模型组(40mg/kg,尾静脉注射), 白介素 11组(260 μ g/kg, 皮下注射), 高剂量 B ( 4mg/kg, 腹腔注射, 造模), 高剂量(4mg/kg, 腹腔注射), 中剂量(lmg/kg, 腹腔注射), 低剂量 (0. 25mg/kg, 腹腔注射)共八组, 除模型 组 11只外其余各组均为 10只。实验前将动物适应 2天环境,尾部取血检测血液 学指标。 给药 10天后空白组、 试药 A组、 阳性药组尾部取血检测血液学指标。 其后所有动物 (除空白组、 试药 A组外)一次性尾静脉注射卡铂 40mg/kg造模, 再连续给药 15天。 这 15天试药 A和 B组均停药, 造模第 5天、 第 10天和第 15 天分别尾部取血测血液学指标。 造模第 15天后第二次注射卡铂 40mg/kg再次造 模, 所有给药组均按上述方法继续给药, 每天一次, 连续给药 10天。 每次检测 检测血液学指标前动物均称量体重。第二次注射卡铂后第 5天大鼠尾部取血检测 血液学指标, 第二次注射卡铂第 10天大鼠尾部取血, 检测血液学、 网织红细胞、 凝血各项指标; 并将动物称重, 处死; 取肝脏、 胸腺、 脾、 肾上腺称重, 计算脏 器指数; 并取骨髓, 做病理。
1. 3试验结果
1. 3. 1 对动物体重的影响
由表 3结果可见, 空白对照组动物体重增长正常; 三七素给药高剂量 A组动 物给药后体重较对照组增长缓慢, 有明显差异; 试验初期白介素 11组以 280 μ g/kg, 皮下注射给药, 动物体重明显减轻, 状态较差; 预防给药 10天后与对照 组比出现明显差异; 到注射卡铂后, 有死亡动物出现, 后将给药剂量降至 260 μ g/kg, 动物体重及状态逐渐恢复正常。整个给药期间观察, 注射卡铂模型组动物 体重较空白组明显降低, 其余各组与模型组比体重物无明显差异。
表 3.三七素对卡铂致血小板减少大鼠体重的影响 ( ± ^D, g)
对照组 …霊 尊 模型组 白介素 组 预防高剂量 ί 高剂量 低剂量 实验开始前 ± ίϊ.:
体重 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 预防给药 ! :
天 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 第一次注射
卡铂第 天 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 第一次注射 : 土 : 卡铂第 天 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 第一次注射
卡铂第 天 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 第二次注射 :
卡铂第 天 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 只) 第二次注射 :
卡铂第 天 只) 只)
1.3.2对动物脏器指数的影响
与空白对照组比, 模型组胸腺明显降低; 白介素 11与空白对照组比肝脏、 脾脏、 肾上腺指数明显增加; 其余各组动物脏器指数与模型组比无明显差异。 结果见表 4. 表 4. 三七素对卡铂致血小板减少大鼠脏器指数的影响 ( ±^D, g/100g体重)
ii; 'mm mm 'W±M
对照组 (10只) 3.55±0.18 0.27±0.04 0.15±0.02 0.03±0.01
预防高剂量 A (10只) 3.33±0.22* 0.28±0.05 0.18±0.08 0.03 ±0.004
模型组 (10只) 3.62±0.22 0.30±0.05 0.10 + 0.02*** 0.03±0.01
白介素 11组 (9只) 4.10±0.30** 0.39 + 0.05** 0.14±0.05 0.04 + 0.01** 预防高剂量 B (10只) 3.70±0.31 0.36±0.10 0.10±0.03 0.03±0.01
高剂量 (7只) 3.61 ±0.46 0.32±0.11 0.11±0.02 0.03 ±0.004 中剂量 (7只) 3.50±0.52 0.32±0.10 0.09±0.04 0.03±0.01
低剂量 (9只) 3.71±0.21 0.35±0.06 0.11±0.02 0.03 ±0.004
1.3.3对动物血小板数的影响
由表 5可见, 预防给药 10天后, 白介素 11可明显增加动物血小板数, 与对照组 比有明显差异。 第一次注射卡铂 5天后, 三七素预防给药高剂量 A组虽然已经停药, 但 仍使血小板数有增加趋势, 模型组血小板数较对照组比明显降低, 减少至 51.4%, 其余 各组与模型组比无明显差异; 第一次注射卡铂 10天后, 模型组血小板数较对照组比减 少至 19.8%, 白介素 11组动物血小板数与模型组比明显增高, 即可抑制血小板的降低; 三七素高剂量与中剂量组与模型组比血小板数有增加趋势, 分别比模型组增加 27.1%和 34.4%; 预防给药高剂量 B组与模型组比血小板数无明显差异, 此时该组已停止给药。 第一次注射卡铂 15天后, 各组血小板数基本恢复正常, 与空白对照组比无明显差异, 且白介素 11、三七素高、 中剂量组恢复较快。第二次注射卡铂 5天后, 各给药组均按剂 量分别给药,可见预防给药 A组动物血小板数明显高于空白对照组。第二次注射卡铂 10 天后, 预防给药 A组动物血小板数明显高于空白对照组, 模型组血小板数较对照组比明 显降低, 减少至 21.6%%, 白介素 11组动物血小板数与模型组比明显增高, 其余组血小 板数与模型组比较无明显差异, 动物状态较差。
表 三七素对卡铂致血小板减少大鼠血小板数的影响 ( ,
对照组 预防高剂量 模型组 白介素 组 预防高剂量 高剂量 中剂量 低剂量 实验开始前
预防给药 天
第一次注射卡
铂第 天
第一次注射卡
铂第 天
第一次注射卡
铂第 天
第二次注射卡
铂第 天
第二次注射卡
铂第 天
实施例 2 三七素治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜模型小鼠的药效研究
1.1 实验材料
实验药物
三七素,规格 : 5mg/瓶,昆明圣火药业 (集团)有限公司提供,批号:20091101 ; 醋酸泼尼松片由天津太平洋制药有限公司生产 (国药准字 H12020809)。将醋酸泼 尼松片研成粉末, 用生理盐水配成混悬液 (0.3g/L)。
实验动物
SPF 级健康 BALB/C 小鼠, 体重为 18〜22g, 雌雄各半; 豚鼠, 体重为
250〜350g, 普通级, 4〜6 周龄, 动由昆明医学院实验动物中心提供, 动物合格 证号: SCXK (滇) 2005-0008。
1.2实验方法
动物分组与处理
健康 BALB/C 小鼠, 体重为 18〜22g, 随机分为 6 组, 每组 12 只, 空 白组、模型组、醋酸泼尼松组、三七素(低、中、高剂量)组。造模方法: BALB/C 小鼠眶静脉采血, EDTA-Na2抗凝, 分离血小板并洗涤。 取已制备的血小板悬液 分别与等量的完全弗氏佐剂和不完全弗氏佐剂混匀。 第 1 周取含完全弗氏佐剂 的抗原分别注射于豚鼠的后足掌、 背部及腹股沟皮下; 第 2、 3、 5 周取含不完 全弗氏佐剂的抗原分别注射于豚鼠的后足掌、背部及腹股沟皮下。前后共注射 4 次, 每次注射 5 点, 每点 100 μ ΐ; 第 6 周取豚鼠不抗凝全血, 3000r/ min离 心 lOmin后取上清, 即为豚鼠抗小鼠血小板血清 (GP-APS), 置 56°C 水浴 30min补体灭活, 生理盐水稀释后, 采用琼脂扩散法检验抗体效价, -20°C 冰箱 储存备用。
除正常组外其余五组小鼠在实验的 1、 3、 5、 7、 9、 11、 13 天, 将豚鼠抗 小鼠血小板血清 (APS) 按 100 l/20g体重的剂量注射于腹腔。
给药方法: 各组小鼠从验第一天开始灌胃。 其中三七素低、 中、 高剂量分别 为 1.5、 3、 6mg/kg灌胃; 醋酸泼尼松组小鼠按 5mg/(kg * d)给予醋酸泼尼松混悬 液灌胃;其余各组小鼠灌服等容积的生理盐水 (0.2ml/ 20g)体重。每日灌胃 1 次, 连续灌胃 I4d。
指标检测
皮下紫癜情况观察: I级: 注射部位轻度出血, 其他部位有散在出血点。 II级: 注射部位明显出血, 并见有其他部位瘀斑、 瘀点。 III级: 注射部位严重出 血, 皮肤大量瘀斑、 瘀点, 可见皮肤发黑或破溃。
体重检测: 于造模前、 实验第 7 天和实验第 14 天分别测量各组小鼠体 重。
血小板数检测: 于造模前和实验第 14 天各组小鼠眶静脉采血 20 μ 1, 滴 入抗凝管中, 用全自动血液分析仪检测血小板数。
1.3 实验结果
1.3.1 三七素对 ΙΤΡ模型小鼠皮下紫癜情况的影响
实验结束时各组小鼠皮下紫癜情况 (出血程度)见表 6。
表 6 各组小鼠皮下紫癜情况 (只)
出血程度 (只)
组别 η
- + ++ +++ 空白组 10 8 0 0 0 模型组 10 0 3 3 2 醋酸泼尼松组 10 0 6 2 0 三七素低剂量组 10 0 4 4 0 三七素中剂量组 10 0 5 3 0 三七素高剂量组 10 0 6 2 0
1.3.2 三七素对 ΙΤΡ 模型小鼠不同时间点体重的影响
造模前、 实验第 7 天和实验第 14 天各组小鼠体重变化见表 7。
表 7 各组小鼠体重变化
Figure imgf000012_0001
注: 与模型组比较, *P<0.05, **P<0.01
1.3.3 三七素对 ITP 模型小鼠不同时间点血小板数的影响
造模前和实验第 14 天各组小鼠血小板数的变化见表 8。 表 8 不同时间点各组小鼠血小板计数 ( 士 sD ) (N=9) 血小板数 (X109 /L) 组别 剂量 (mg/kg)
造模前 第 14d 空白组 相同体积生理盐水 752.6 ±172.4 712.9± 106.3** 模型组 相同体积生理盐水 748.9 ±149.4 316.1±50.1## 醋酸泼尼松组 5 756.9± 130.1 579.0±70.7**# 三七素低剂量组 1.5 745.1 ±139.6 428.2±75.1*## 三七素中剂量组 3 749.2 ±147.5 484.8 ±78.4**## 三七素高剂量组 6 751.4±114.3 542.1 ±95.4**#
上述实验结果均表明,三七素能够有效抑制血小板的减少,用于血小板减少 症的治疗。

Claims

权利要求书 、 三七素治疗血小板减少症的用途。
、 三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的用途。
、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的用途, 其特征在于: 所述血小板减少症包括由药 物所致的血小板减少、原发性和继发性血小板减少性紫癜、再生障碍性贫血、 急性白血病、 巨幼细胞性贫血、 DIC、 脾功能亢进、 放射病、 黑热病、 伤寒、 结核、 骨髓转移癌及进行性体外循环。
、 根据权利要求 1-3中任一所述的用途, 其特征在于, 通过添加药学上可接受 的常规辅料, 将三七素制备成任何医学上可接受的制剂。
、 根据权利要求 4所述的用途,其特征在于, 所述制剂为口服制剂或注射制剂。 、 根据权利要求 5所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的口服制剂为片剂、胶囊剂、 颗粒剂或散剂; 所述的注射制剂为注射液或粉针剂。
、 根据权利要求 5所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的口服制剂为分散片、 口腔 崩解片或缓释片。
、 根据权利要求 5所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的注射制剂为注射液。
PCT/CN2013/076216 2013-05-24 2013-05-24 三七素在制备治疗血小板减少症的药物的应用 WO2014186982A1 (zh)

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