WO2014182036A1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014182036A1 WO2014182036A1 PCT/KR2014/003995 KR2014003995W WO2014182036A1 WO 2014182036 A1 WO2014182036 A1 WO 2014182036A1 KR 2014003995 W KR2014003995 W KR 2014003995W WO 2014182036 A1 WO2014182036 A1 WO 2014182036A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method for manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. More specifically, a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery in which silicon nano particles are formed on a surface of an anode active material including Si, It relates to a manufacturing method thereof and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode made of a carbon material or a lithium metal alloy, a positive electrode made of a lithium metal oxide, and an electrolyte in which lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- a negative electrode active material constituting a negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery Initially lithium metal was used.
- lithium has a problem of low reversibility and safety, and carbon materials are mainly used as negative electrode active materials of lithium secondary batteries. Carbon materials have a smaller capacity than lithium metal, but have a small volume change, excellent reversibility, and an advantageous price.
- the secondary battery using the metal-based negative electrode active material has a disadvantage in that the capacity is drastically lowered and the cycle life is shortened as the charge / discharge cycle progresses.
- the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above,
- the present invention provides a negative electrode active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery further comprises a coating layer on the surface of the core and containing carbon.
- the present invention comprises the steps of manufacturing a core comprising silicon (Si); And it provides a method for producing a negative active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery comprising the step of depositing silicon nanoparticles (Silicon Nano Particle) on the surface of the core by mixing the dispersed silicon nanoparticles (Silicon Nano Particle) and the core.
- the present invention is a negative electrode including the negative electrode active material for the non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery; A positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; And it provides a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte.
- the initial efficiency is improved by reducing irreversibility generated during initial charging of the lithium secondary battery, and nano-size silicon (Si) is used to prevent the volume expansion rate from increasing during charging and discharging.
- Si nano-size silicon
- carbon coating on the core and the silicon nanoparticles containing the Si (carbon coating) it is possible to improve the charge and discharge cycle characteristics by securing the binding force and conductivity between the core and the silicon nanoparticles.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a schematic diagram of a method for producing a negative electrode active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a schematic diagram of another manufacturing method of the negative electrode active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery of the present invention.
- the negative active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a core including silicon (Si) and silicon nano particles formed on a surface of the core.
- the core containing silicon (Si) preferably has a particle size of 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m, and most preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the particle diameter of the core is less than 1 ⁇ m, a decrease in purity due to surface oxidation and aggregation with nano size silicon (Si) may occur, respectively. Can be.
- the core including silicon preferably includes SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), more preferably SiO.
- SiO contained in the core is preferably amorphous (Amorphous).
- Silicon nano particles formed on the surface of the core preferably have a particle size of 5 to 100 nm, more preferably 20 to 80 nm, and most preferably 30 to 50 nm. Have If the particle diameter of the silicon nanoparticles is less than 5nm, it may be difficult to evenly disperse the silicon particles evenly dispersed in the active material. If the silicon nanoparticles exceed 100nm, the volume change in the charging and discharging process is severe and electrical contactability is reduced or the active material is separated from the current collector Can be.
- the silicon nano particles may be included in an amount of 20 to 200 parts by weight, and more preferably in an amount of 30 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the core including silicon. Most preferably, it may be included in an amount of 50 to 100 parts by weight.
- the content ratio of the silicon nanoparticles satisfies the content range of 20 to 200 parts by weight, it is possible to improve the initial efficiency under the condition that the degradation of cycle characteristics due to volume expansion is minimized.
- the negative active material for a non-carbon lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may further include a coating layer present on the surface of the core and including carbon.
- the carbon-containing coating layer can maintain an electrical connection between the cores, and can also prevent or mitigate the silicon cores from agglomeration or contamination.
- the coating layer may be formed on a portion of the core surface, but is preferably formed on the entire surface.
- the coating layer may have a thickness of about 0.5 nm to about 5 nm. When the thickness of the coating layer is within the above range, even if the volume of the core containing silicon is changed by the insertion and desorption of lithium, the micronization of the core can be effectively prevented or alleviated, and side reaction between the silicon and the electrolyte can be prevented.
- the coating layer is preferably contained in 3 to 70% by weight based on the negative active material for the non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery.
- the content ratio of the coating layer is less than 3% by weight, it is difficult to form a uniform conductive film in the entire powder.
- the content ratio is 70% by weight or more, initial efficiency decrease and capacity decrease occur due to irreversibility as the graphite ratio increases. There are disadvantages.
- Method for producing a negative active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery comprises the steps of preparing a core containing silicon (Si); And mixing the core with the dispersed silicon nanoparticles to attach the silicon nanoparticles to the surface of the core.
- the step of manufacturing the core containing silicon (Si) is a step of manufacturing the core to include silicon (Si), there is no particular limitation, but preferably the core containing silicon (Si) is SiOx (0 ⁇ It can be manufactured to be configured in the form of x ⁇ 1).
- Attaching the silicon nanoparticles to the surface of the core may be performed by mixing the silicon nanoparticles and the core, as shown in FIG. 1, to the surface of the core. It is made by attaching.
- the core containing silicon (Si) prepared in the step is mixed with the silicon nanoparticles by mechanical treatment methods such as ball milling, planetary ball mill, or the
- the core including the silicon (Si) prepared in the step may be mixed with the silicon nanoparticles dispersed by the dispersing agent in a solvent or dispersed by using ultrasonic waves.
- the dispersant may be included in an amount of 2 to 10 wt% based on the mixed solution of the silicon nanoparticles and the core.
- the content of the dispersant is less than 2% by weight, the effect of dispersion is not sufficient, and when used in excess of 10% by weight may cause a problem that the resistance is increased or the initial efficiency is reduced due to side reactions.
- a conventional dispersant used in the art may be used.
- the solvent used in the mixing is not particularly limited, but an organic solvent such as ethanol may be used, or may be used in an aqueous state.
- the dispersion may be attached to the core and the silicon nanoparticles using a binder, for example, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) with the dispersing agent, in this case, the binding force is improved.
- the silicon nanoparticles according to the present invention may be prepared using a conventional Siemens method known in the art.
- the method of manufacturing a negative active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery according to the present invention further includes coating a coating layer containing carbon on the surface of the core on which silicon nano particles are deposited, as shown in FIG. 2. It may include.
- the coating layer including carbon may be preferably coated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or pitch coating, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material for a non-carbon-based lithium secondary battery; A positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; And electrolytes.
- lithium salts that may be included as electrolytes may be used without limitation, those conventionally used in electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries.
- the anion of the lithium salt is F ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ .
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be preferably used as a unit cell of a medium-large battery module including a plurality of battery cells as well as a battery cell used as a power source for a small device such as a mobile phone.
- Applicable medium and large devices include a power tool; Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); Electric motorcycles including electric bicycles (Ebikes) and electric scooters (E-scooters); Electric Golf Carts; Electric trucks; Electric commercial vehicles; And a power storage system.
- SiO, D50: 5um silicon oxide
- SiNP SiNP
- a dispersant 1 part by weight of low molecular weight CMC dissolved in an aqueous solution and 5 parts by weight of a dispersant were added and milled for 1 hour. After milling, drying was performed to remove moisture to prepare a silicon composite anode active material.
- a silicon composite anode active material was manufactured in the same manner except for mixing SiNP 66 parts by weight in 100 parts by weight of silicon oxide in Synthesis Example 1. Synthesis Example 3
- a silicon composite anode active material was manufactured in the same manner except for mixing 100 parts by weight of SiNP with 150 parts by weight of silicon oxide in Synthesis Example 1.
- the silicon composite negative electrode active material prepared in Synthesis Example 1 was subjected to carbon coating using thermal CVD in a mixed gas atmosphere of ethylene and argon, and the black powder silicon composite was collected. Carbon deposition amount of the silicon composite was 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the silicon composite.
- a silicon composite anode active material was manufactured in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that the particle size (D50) of SiNP was 150 nm.
- SBR: CMC 97.0: 1.5: 1.5
- the negative electrode active material slurry was coated on a 50 ⁇ m thick copper foil, dried at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes, and roll-pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
- a coin-type half cell (2016 R-type half cell) was prepared in a helium-filled glove box using the negative electrode, a lithium counter electrode, a microporous polyethylene separator, and an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte 1 M LiPF 6 was dissolved in a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 50:50.
- a coin-type half cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the negative active material prepared in Synthesis Example 2 was used.
- a coin-type half cell (2016 R-type half cell) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the negative electrode active material prepared in Synthesis Example 3 was used.
- a coin type half cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the negative electrode active material prepared in Synthesis Example 4 was used.
- a coin-type half cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the negative active material prepared in Synthesis Example 5 was used.
- a commercially available SiO powder (Sigma Aldrich) was purchased, and a coin-type half cell (2016 R-type half cell) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used as a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- Test Example 1 Initial charge capacity, initial discharge capacity, coulombic efficiency measurement and volume expansion test
- the half-cells prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 were charged and discharged at 0.2 C (900 mA / g) once at 0 V to 1.5 V, and thus initial discharge capacity, initial charge capacity, and coulomb efficiency. And the volume expansion rate measurement is shown in Table 1 below.
- the negative electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery of the present invention
- the negative electrode active material is formed as the ratio of Si to SiOx as a whole, the initial discharge The capacity and initial charge capacity were good, and the coulombic efficiency was also good.
- Example 4 As the conductivity is secured in the electrode with respect to the silicon material, the coulombic efficiency is increased to increase the discharge capacity.
- Example 5 In the case of Example 5, the same capacity and coulombic efficiency as in Example 2 were maintained, but as the particles of SiNP (silicon nanoparticles) became larger, it was confirmed that the volume expansion increased.
- SiNP silicon nanoparticles
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Abstract
Description
초기충전용량(mAh/g) | 초기방전용량(mAh/g) | 쿨롱효율(%) | 부피팽창비(%) | |
실시예 1 | 2865 mAh/g | 1920 mAh/g | 67% | 61% |
실시예 2 | 3200 mAh/g | 2240 mAh/g | 70% | 74% |
실시예 3 | 3459 mAh/g | 2560 mAh/g | 74% | 84% |
실시예 4 | 3150 mAh/g | 2583 mAh/g | 82% | 74% |
실시예 5 | 3245 mAh/g | 2272 mAh/g | 70% | 127% |
비교예 1 | 2548 mAh/g | 1580 mAh/g | 62% | 53% |
Claims (19)
- 실리콘(Si)를 포함하는 코어: 및상기 코어의 표면에 형성된 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)를 포함하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)는 상기 실리콘을 포함하는 코어 100 중량부에 대하여 20 내지 200 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)는 상기 실리콘을 포함하는 코어 100 중량부에 대하여 50 내지 100 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)는 5 내지 100nm의 입경을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)는 20 내지 80 nm의 입경을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘(Si)를 포함하는 코어는 1 내지 30㎛의 입경을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 실리콘(Si)를 포함하는 코어는 3 내지 10 ㎛의 입경을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은, 상기 코어의 표면에 존재하며 탄소를 포함하는 코팅층을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 탄소를 포함하는 코팅층은 상기 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질에 대하여, 5 내지 70 중량%로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘(Si)를 포함하는 코어가 SiOx (0<x≤1)로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 실리콘(Si)를 포함하는 코어는 SiO인 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 SiOx (0<x≤1)는 무정형(Amorphous)인 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질.
- 실리콘(Si)를 포함하는 코어를 제조하는 단계; 및실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)와 상기 코어를 혼합하여 코어의 표면에 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)를 부착시키는 단계를 포함하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)와 상기 코어는,볼 밀링(ball milling) 또는 유성형 볼밀(Planetary ball mill)에 의하여 혼합되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)와 상기 코어는,상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)를 분산제에 의하여 분산시킨 후, 상기 실리콘(Si)를 포함하는 코어와 함께 용매 내에서 교반시켜 혼합되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)가 부착된 코어의 표면에 탄소를 포함하는 코팅층을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 분산제는 상기 실리콘 나노 입자(Silicon Nano Particle)와 상기 코어의 혼합용액에 대하여 2 내지 10 중량%로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 탄소를 포함하는 코팅층은 CVD(chemical vapor deposition) 또는 피치 코팅에 의하여 코팅되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 청구항 12 중 어느 한 항에 따른 비탄소계 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극;양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극; 및전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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US11133524B2 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2021-09-28 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Negative electrode active material, negative electrode including the same and lithium secondary battery including the same |
TW201810775A (zh) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-03-16 | 捷恩智股份有限公司 | 含有矽奈米粒子之氫聚矽倍半氧烷、其燒製物及其等之製造方法 |
KR102132725B1 (ko) | 2016-12-23 | 2020-07-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자용 음극 |
TW201826600A (zh) | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-16 | 日商捷恩智股份有限公司 | 含有矽奈米粒子的氫聚倍半矽氧烷燒結體、鋰離子電池用負極活性物質、鋰離子電池用負極以及鋰離子電池 |
TW201826598A (zh) | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-16 | 日商捷恩智股份有限公司 | 含有矽奈米粒子的氫聚倍半矽氧烷燒結體-金屬氧化物複合體及其製造方法、鋰離子電池用負極活性物質、鋰離子電池用負極以及鋰離子電池 |
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TWI508356B (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
PL2996180T3 (pl) | 2019-04-30 |
CN105308776B (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
EP2996180A1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
KR20140132178A (ko) | 2014-11-17 |
US9780367B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
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US20160006027A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
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