WO2014181877A1 - 二次電池用電解液および二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用電解液および二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014181877A1 WO2014181877A1 PCT/JP2014/062520 JP2014062520W WO2014181877A1 WO 2014181877 A1 WO2014181877 A1 WO 2014181877A1 JP 2014062520 W JP2014062520 W JP 2014062520W WO 2014181877 A1 WO2014181877 A1 WO 2014181877A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/049—Processes for forming or storing electrodes in the battery container
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution for a secondary battery and a secondary battery using the same, and further relates to a manufacturing method thereof.
- Lithium secondary batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices, personal computers, and the like, and while miniaturization and weight reduction are required, increasing energy density is an important issue.
- the average operating voltage is 3.6 to 3.8 V (4 V class) with respect to the metal lithium standard. This is because the operating voltage is defined by a redox reaction of cobalt ions or manganese ions (Co 3 + ⁇ ⁇ Co 4+ or Mn 3 + ⁇ ⁇ Mn 4+ ).
- a spinel compound in which a part of manganese in lithium manganate is substituted with nickel or the like, for example, LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 shows a potential plateau in the region of 4.5 V or higher.
- an operating voltage of 5V class can be realized.
- manganese exists in a tetravalent state, and the operating voltage of the battery is reduced by oxidation and reduction of Ni 2+ ⁇ ⁇ Ni 4+ instead of oxidation reduction of Mn 3+ ⁇ ⁇ Mn 4+. It is prescribed.
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 The capacity of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 is 130 mAh / g or more, the average operating voltage is 4.6 V or more with respect to metallic lithium, and the lithium storage capacity is smaller than LiCoO 2, but the energy density is Higher than LiCoO 2 . For these reasons, LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 is promising as a positive electrode material.
- a battery using a high-potential positive electrode active material such as LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 has a higher operating voltage than a battery using LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 or the like as the positive electrode active material.
- the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution tends to proceed at the contact portion between the positive electrode and the electrolytic solution. Gas is generated by this decomposition reaction.
- the generation of gas is a problem in practical use because it increases the internal pressure of the cell or causes the laminate cell to swell. For this reason, an electrolytic solution with high voltage resistance that suppresses the generation of such gas is expected.
- a fluorinated solvent or the like is considered as an electrolytic solution with high voltage resistance that can suppress gas generation.
- Candidates include fluorinated carbonates that are fluorinated solvents, fluorinated carboxylic acid esters, fluorine-containing ether compounds, fluorine-containing phosphate compounds, and the like. Of these, fluorine-containing ether compounds are useful because they have a high life-improving effect and a relatively low viscosity.
- Patent Document 1 describes that in a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode active material that operates at a potential of 4.5 V or higher, a non-aqueous electrolytic solvent includes a fluorine-containing phosphate ester.
- Reference 2 describes a lithium ion secondary battery containing a fluorinated ether in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 describe a high voltage battery using an electrolyte solution containing a fluorine-containing ether compound or a fluorine-containing phosphate compound. Further improvements were needed.
- the fluorine-containing ether compound has low oxidation resistance depending on the type.
- the fluorine content is increased in order to increase the oxidation resistance, there is a problem that the battery characteristics may be deteriorated due to an increase in viscosity, a reduction in resistance, or a decrease in compatibility.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a secondary battery and a secondary battery having improved life characteristics, particularly life characteristics under high voltage.
- a first fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the formula (1) A second fluorine-containing ether compound represented by formula (1), and Including at least one selected from a fluorine-containing phosphate compound represented by the formula (2) and a sulfone compound represented by the formula (3),
- the fluorine substitution rate of the first fluorine-containing ether compound is smaller than the fluorine substitution rate of the second fluorine-containing ether compound
- the content of the first fluorine-containing ether compound is larger than the content of the second fluorine-containing ether compound
- Content of said 1st fluorine-containing ether compound is 0.1 volume% or more and 80 volume% or less of electrolyte solution
- the content of the second fluorine-containing ether compound is 0.1 vol% or more and 40 vol% or less of the electrolytic solution
- the total content of the fluorine-containing phosphate ester compound and the sulfone compound is from 0.1% by volume to 70% by volume of
- R 1 —O—R 2 (1)
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- O P (-O-R 1 ') (- O-R 2') (- O-R 3 ') (2)
- R 1 ′, R 2 ′ and R 3 ′ are each independently an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, and at least one of R 1 ′, R 2 ′ and R 3 ′ is fluorine-containing. It is an alkyl group.
- R 1 ′′ -SO 2 -R 2 ′′ (3) [In formula (3), R 1 ′′ and R 2 ′′ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and the carbon atoms of R 1 ′′ and R 2 ′′ are single bonds or double bonds. It may be a cyclic compound bonded via ]
- a secondary battery with improved life characteristics can be provided.
- the inventors have selected 1 or more types of fluorine-containing ether compounds, fluorine-containing phosphate ester compounds, and sulfone compounds as the electrolyte solution. It has been found that the inclusion of more than seeds has an effect of improving the life characteristics.
- the electrolytic solution according to this embodiment is characterized by containing two or more types of fluorine-containing ether compounds.
- the electrolytic solution according to the present embodiment further includes at least one selected from a fluorine-containing phosphate compound and a sulfone compound.
- the secondary battery according to the present embodiment has an electrolyte solution including two or more types of fluorine-containing ether compounds and one or more types selected from fluorine-containing phosphate compounds and sulfone compounds. .
- the life characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved by using such an electrolyte.
- the effect is high when a positive electrode material capable of operating at a high potential such as 4.5 V or higher with respect to lithium is used for the active material.
- the electrolytic solution includes a supporting salt and a nonaqueous electrolytic solvent.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is a fluorine-containing chain ether compound represented by the following general formula (1) (hereinafter simply referred to as “fluorine-containing ether compound”). 2) or more.
- fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the following general formula (1) (hereinafter simply referred to as “fluorine-containing ether compound”). 2) or more.
- R 1 —O—R 2 (1)
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group (R 1 and R 2 ) in the fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, and preferably 1 or more and 8 or less. More preferred.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group is 10 or less, the increase in the viscosity of the electrolytic solution is suppressed, and the electrolytic solution can easily penetrate into the pores in the electrode and the separator, and the ion conductivity is improved. This is because the current value becomes favorable in the discharge characteristics.
- Alkyl groups (R 1 and R 2 ) include linear or branched ones.
- the carbon number of the fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the general formula (1) that is, the total carbon number of the alkyl groups R 1 and R 2 is about 4 or more and 10 or less from the viewpoint of boiling point and viscosity. It is preferable. More preferably, it is 5-9.
- part or all of the hydrogen of the alkyl group represented by R 1 or R 2 is substituted with fluorine. This is because by containing fluorine, the oxidation resistance can be improved and the cycle characteristics can be improved. This is because when the fluorine atom content is large, the withstand voltage is further improved, and a decrease in capacity can be suppressed even in a high voltage battery or a battery operated at a high temperature for a long time. On the other hand, if the fluorine atom content is too large, the reduction resistance may decrease, or the compatibility of the electrolytic solution with other solvents may decrease.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains at least two fluorine-containing ether compounds represented by the general formula (1), that is, a first fluorine-containing ether compound and a second fluorine-containing ether compound
- the fluorine substitution rate of one fluorine-containing ether compound is smaller than the fluorine substitution rate of the second fluorine-containing ether compound
- the content of the first fluorine-containing ether compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is the second fluorine-containing ether compound.
- the content is preferably larger than the ether compound content.
- the term “fluorine substitution rate” represents the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the total number of hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms of the fluorine-containing compound (fluorinated compound).
- the fluorine substitution rate of the first fluorine-containing ether compound is generally 20% or more and 80% or less, preferably 40% or more and 80% or less, and more preferably 50% or more and 75% or less. By setting it as such a range, compatibility with the other solvent in electrolyte solution can be kept high, and oxidation resistance can also be ensured.
- the volume ratio of the first fluorine-containing ether compound in the electrolytic solution is generally from 0.01% to 80%, preferably from 0.1% to 80%, more preferably from 5% to 75%. preferable.
- the second fluorine-containing ether compound preferably has a higher fluorine substitution rate than the first fluorine-containing ether compound. It is because oxidation resistance can be improved by doing in this way.
- the fluorine substitution rate of the second fluorine-containing ether compound is generally 70% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 75% or more and 95% or less. preferable. By setting it as such a range, oxidation resistance can be kept high rather than the case where the 1st fluorine-containing ether compound is used individually or 2 or more types of 1st fluorine-containing ether compounds are used.
- the compatibility in electrolyte solution can be maintained by keeping the volume ratio in the electrolyte solution of a 2nd fluorine-containing ether compound lower than the 1st fluorine-containing ether compound.
- the volume ratio of the second fluorine-containing ether compound in the electrolytic solution is generally 0.01% or more and 40% or less, preferably 0.1% or more and 40% or less, and preferably 5% or more. More preferably, it is 35% or less.
- the total content of the two or more fluorine-containing ether compounds represented by the general formula (1) contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but is 0.01 to 90 volume in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. % Is preferred. When the content is 90% by volume or less, the ion conductivity of the electrolytic solution is improved, and the charge / discharge rate of the battery becomes better.
- the total content of the fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the general formula (1) is more preferably 0.05 to 85% by volume, and further preferably 0.1 to 80% by volume. When the content is 0.1% by volume or more, the effect of increasing the voltage resistance is improved.
- fluorine-containing ether compound examples include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2, and the like.
- 2-trifluoroethyl ether 1H, 1H, 2'H, 3H-decafluorodipropyl ether, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropyl-2,2-difluoroethyl ether, isopropyl 1, 1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, propyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1H , 1H, 5H-perfluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1H-perfluorobutyl-1H-per Fluoroethyl ether, methyl perfluoropentyl ether, methyl perfluorohexyl ether, methyl 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) propyl ether, 1,
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution may contain three or more fluorine-containing ether compounds represented by the formula (1).
- the fluorine-containing ether compound having the highest fluorine substitution rate is the second fluorine-containing ether compound
- the other fluorine-containing ether compounds are the first fluorine-containing ether compounds.
- the total content of the first fluorine-containing ether compound is preferably larger than the content of the second fluorine-containing ether compound.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains one or more fluorine-containing ether compounds having a fluorine substitution rate of more than 80%
- the fluorine-containing ether compound having a fluorine substitution rate of more than 80% is used as the second fluorine-containing ether compound or other fluorine compounds.
- the containing ether compound is the first fluorine-containing ether compound, and the total content of the first fluorine-containing ether compound is larger than the total content of the second fluorine-containing ether compound.
- Fluorine-containing ether compounds have a problem of low compatibility with other solvents, but the addition of a fluorine-containing phosphate ester compound or a sulfone compound increases the compatibility between solvents. Even if the solvent with low compatibility can be uniformly mixed once, it may be left for a long time or may be separated by a rise or fall in temperature, but by mixing a fluorine-containing phosphate ester compound or a sulfone compound, The long-term stability of the electrolytic solution can be improved.
- fluorine-containing ether compounds compounds having a high fluorine substitution rate have a low compatibility with other solvents, so that the effect of improving uniformity by mixing with a fluorine-containing phosphate compound or a sulfone compound is high.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains at least one selected from a fluorine-containing phosphate ester represented by the formula (2) and a sulfone compound represented by the formula (3).
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution can contain a fluorine-containing phosphate ester represented by the formula (2).
- O P (-O-R 1 ') (- O-R 2') (- O-R 3 ') (2)
- R 1 ′, R 2 ′ and R 3 ′ each independently represents an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, and at least one of R 1 ′, R 2 ′ and R 3 ′ is fluorine. It is a containing alkyl group.
- R 1 ′, R 2 ′ and R 3 ′ each independently have 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- fluorine-containing phosphate ester compound examples include 2,2,2-trifluoroethyldimethyl phosphate, bis (trifluoroethyl) methyl phosphate, bistrifluoroethylethyl phosphate, tris (trifluoromethyl) phosphate, Pentafluoropropyldimethyl phosphate, heptafluorobutyldimethyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl methyl ethyl phosphate, pentafluoropropyl methyl ethyl phosphate, heptafluorobutyl methyl ethyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl methyl phosphate phosphate, pentafluoro phosphate Propylmethylpropyl, heptafluorobutylmethylpropyl phosphate, trifluoroethylmethylbutyl phosphate, pentafluoropropylmethylbutyl phosphate
- tris phosphate (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) represented by the following formula (2-1) is preferable because it has a high effect of suppressing decomposition of the electrolytic solution at a high potential.
- Fluorine-containing phosphate ester compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the fluorine-containing phosphate ester compound is preferably from 0.1 to 70% by volume, more preferably from 1 to 60% by volume, and more preferably from 2 to 50% by volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte from the viewpoint of voltage resistance and ionic conductivity. % Is more preferable.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte can include a sulfone compound represented by the following formula (3).
- R 1 ′′ -SO 2 -R 2 ′′ (3) [In Formula (3), R 1 ′′ and R 2 ′′ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. A cyclic compound in which the carbon atoms of R 1 ′′ and R 2 ′′ are bonded via a single bond or a double bond may be used. ]
- R 1 'carbon number n 2 of the' number n 1 R 2 carbons of '' is 1 ⁇ n 1 ⁇ 12,1 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ 12 , respectively, 1 ⁇ n 1 ⁇ 6, 1 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ 6 is more preferable, and 1 ⁇ n 1 ⁇ 3 and 1 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ 3 are still more preferable.
- Alkyl groups include linear, branched, or cyclic groups.
- R 1 ′′ and R 2 ′′ may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group). Group, isobutyl group), aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, phenyl group, naphthyl group), halogen atom (for example, chlorine atom, bromine atom, fluorine atom) and the like.
- the sulfone compound represented by the formula (3) may be a cyclic compound represented by the following formula (4).
- R 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group.
- R 3 preferably has 4 to 9 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 3 may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, and a butyl group), a halogen atom (for example, , Chlorine atom, bromine atom, fluorine atom) and the like.
- sulfone compounds include sulfolane (tetramethylene sulfone), 3-methyl sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone (for example, 3,4-dimethyl sulfone, 2,5-dimethyl sulfone), ethyl methyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, butyl methyl sulfone, dibutyl sulfone, Methyl isopropyl sulfone, diisopropyl sulfone, methyl tert-butyl sulfone, butyl ethyl sulfone, butyl propyl sulfone, butyl isopropyl sulfone, di-tert-butyl sulfone, diisobutyl sulfone, ethyl isopropyl sulfone, ethyl isobutyl sulfone,
- the content of the sulfone compound is preferably from 0.1 to 70% by volume, more preferably from 1 to 65% by volume, and even more preferably from 3 to 60% by volume, based on the compatibility and viscosity of the electrolyte. .
- the total content of the fluorine-containing phosphate compound and the sulfone compound is preferably 0.1 to 70% by volume, more preferably 1 to 65% by volume of the electrolytic solution. 60% by volume is more preferable.
- Non-aqueous electrolytes include cyclic carbonates (including fluorinated products), chain carbonates (including fluorinated products), chain carboxylic acid esters (including fluorinated products), cyclic carboxylic acid esters (including fluorinated products), and cyclic ethers. (Including fluorinated products), phosphate esters and the like.
- cyclic carbonate has a large relative dielectric constant, the addition of these improves the dissociation property of the supporting salt and makes it easy to impart sufficient conductivity. Further, the addition of chain carbonate, fluorine-containing ether compound, fluorinated carboxylic acid ester, fluorinated carbonate and the like lowers the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, so that the ion mobility in the electrolytic solution is improved.
- cyclic carbonates including fluorinated products
- chain carbonates including fluorinated products
- fluorinated carboxylic acid esters and fluorinated carbonates have high voltage resistance and electrical conductivity. Suitable for mixing with the containing ether compound.
- the cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC).
- the cyclic carbonate includes a fluorinated cyclic carbonate. Examples of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate include compounds in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC) are substituted with fluorine atoms. Can be mentioned.
- fluorinated cyclic carbonate examples include, for example, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, (cis or trans) 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-fluoro-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and the like can be used.
- ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, a compound obtained by fluorinating a part of these, and the like are preferable, and ethylene carbonate is more preferable, from the viewpoint of voltage endurance and conductivity.
- a cyclic carbonate can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the content of the cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.1 to 70% by volume, preferably 0.5 to 60% by volume in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint of increasing the degree of dissociation of the supporting salt and increasing the conductivity of the electrolytic solution. % Is more preferable, and 1 to 50% by volume is more preferable.
- the chain carbonate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and dipropyl carbonate (DPC).
- the chain carbonate includes a fluorinated chain carbonate.
- a fluorinated chain carbonate for example, a part or all of hydrogen atoms such as ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC) and the like are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- fluorinated chain carbonate More specific examples of the fluorinated chain carbonate include bis (fluoroethyl) carbonate, 3-fluoropropylmethyl carbonate, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethyl carbonate, and the like. Among these, dimethyl carbonate is preferable from the viewpoints of voltage resistance and conductivity.
- a linear carbonate can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- Chain carbonate has the effect of lowering the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, and can increase the conductivity of the electrolytic solution.
- the content of the chain carbonate is preferably 0 to 90% by volume, more preferably 0.01 to 70% by volume, and further preferably 0.02 to 40% by volume in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the carboxylate ester is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, methyl acetate, and methyl formate.
- the carboxylic acid ester also includes a fluorinated carboxylic acid ester. Examples of the fluorinated carboxylic acid ester include ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, methyl acetate, and methyl formate.
- Carboxylic acid esters have the effect of reducing the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, like chain carbonates and chain ethers. Therefore, for example, the carboxylic acid ester can be used in place of the chain carbonate and the chain ether, and can also be used in combination with the chain carbonate and the chain ether.
- the content of the carboxylic acid ester is preferably 0 to 50% by volume, more preferably 0.01 to 20% by volume, and further preferably 0.02 to 15% by volume in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the cyclic carboxylic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- ⁇ -lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, 3-methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -Valerolactone is preferred. These fluorides may be used.
- the content of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester is preferably 0 to 50% by volume, more preferably 0.01 to 20% by volume, and further preferably 0.02 to 15% by volume in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the cyclic ether is not particularly limited, but for example, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane and the like are preferable. It is also possible to use partially fluorinated 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane, 2- (trifluoroethyl) dioxolane, and the like.
- the content of the cyclic ether in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0 to 70% by volume, more preferably 0.01 to 50% by volume, and further preferably 0.1 to 40% by volume.
- phosphate ester examples include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate.
- the content of the phosphate ester is preferably 0 to 40% by volume, more preferably 0.1 to 30% by volume, and further preferably 1 to 20% by volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte from the viewpoint of compatibility and viscosity of the electrolyte. preferable.
- Non-aqueous electrolytic solution may include the following.
- Non-aqueous electrolytes include, for example, non-fluorinated chain ethers such as 1,2-ethoxyethane (DEE) or ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, acetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, propyl nitrile , Nitromethane, ethyl monoglyme, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative, ethyl ether, 1,3-propane sultone
- an aprotic organic solvent such as anisole or N-methylpyrrolidone may be contained.
- Examples of the supporting salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 Examples thereof include lithium salts such as SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , and LiB 10 Cl 10 .
- Other examples of the supporting salt include lower aliphatic lithium carboxylate carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, lithium tetraphenylborate, LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, LiCl, and the like.
- the supporting salt can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an ion conductive polymer can be added to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the ion conductive polymer include polyethers such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, and polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
- the ion conductive polymer include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylonitrile, and polyvinyl chloride.
- Acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyhexamethylene acipamide, polycaprolactam, polyurethane, polyethyleneimine, polybutadiene, polystyrene, or polyisoprene, or derivatives thereof can be used.
- An ion conductive polymer can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. Moreover, you may use the polymer containing the various monomers which comprise the said polymer.
- an electrolyte additive can be added to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Additives include cyclic carbonate additives such as vinylene carbonate, sulfur compound additives such as 1,3-propane sultone, cyclic disulfonate, and chain sulfonate, and boron additives such as lithium bisoxalate borate.
- imide-based additives such as lithium bissulfonylimide.
- the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spinel material, a layered material, and an olivine material.
- LiMn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0. 0) is operated near 4 V with respect to lithium whose lifetime was increased by substituting a part of Mn of LiMn 2 O 4 . 3 and M includes at least one selected from Li, Al, B, Mg, Si, transition metals, etc.), and a potential of 4.5 V or more with respect to lithium represented by the following formula (5) Materials that work with.
- M is a transition metal element and includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Cr and Cu
- Y is a metal element
- Z is a halogen element, and includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.
- M preferably contains 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more of the elements exemplified above, and may be 100%.
- Y and Z each preferably contain 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more of the elements exemplified above, and may be 100%.
- the olivine-based material has the general formula LiMPO 4 (6)
- M is a transition metal element, and more preferably contains at least one selected from Co and Ni.
- olivine-based material examples include LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4, etc., but some of these transition metals are replaced with another element, or the oxygen portion is replaced with fluorine. You can also use it.
- M preferably contains 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more of the above-exemplified elements, and the other elements contained preferably include, for example, Fe.
- Examples of layered materials include the following.
- NASICON type lithium transition metal silicon composite oxide, etc. can be used.
- the positive electrode active material can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the specific surface areas of the positive electrode active material is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ 5m 2 / g, preferably 0.05 ⁇ 4m 2 / g, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ 3m 2 / g, 0.15 ⁇ 2m 2 / g is more preferable.
- the contact area with the electrolytic solution can be adjusted to an appropriate range. That is, when the specific surface area is 0.01 m 2 / g or more, lithium ions can be easily inserted and desorbed smoothly, and the resistance can be further reduced.
- the center particle size of the lithium manganese composite oxide is preferably 0.01 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the particle size can be measured by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- the positive electrode binder is not particularly limited, but is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Examples thereof include rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, and polyamideimide.
- polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost.
- the amount of the positive electrode binder used is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “higher energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material for the purpose of reducing the resistance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- the positive electrode current collector aluminum, nickel, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable.
- the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- the positive electrode can be obtained by dispersing and kneading the above-described positive electrode active material together with a conductive material and a binder in a solvent, and applying this to a positive electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode will not be specifically limited if the negative electrode active material contains the material which can occlude and discharge
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited.
- An oxide (c) etc. are mentioned.
- the carbon material (a) graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite thereof can be used.
- graphite with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a negative electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper.
- amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs.
- the carbon material (a) can be used alone or in combination with other substances. In one embodiment used in combination with another substance, for example, the carbon material (a) is preferably in the range of 2% by mass to 80% by mass in the negative electrode active material, and in the range of 2% by mass to 30% by mass. It is more preferable that
- the metal (b) a metal mainly composed of Al, Si, Pb, Sn, Zn, Cd, Sb, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, La, or the like, or these Two or more kinds of alloys, or an alloy of these metals or alloys and lithium can be used.
- silicon (Si) is preferably included as the metal (b).
- the metal (b) can be used alone or in combination with other substances, but is preferably in the range of 5% by mass to 90% by mass in the negative electrode active material, and is 20% by mass to 50% by mass. The following range is more preferable.
- silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, or a composite thereof can be used as the metal oxide (c).
- silicon oxide is preferably included as the metal oxide (c). This is because silicon oxide is relatively stable and hardly causes a reaction with other compounds.
- one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron, and sulfur may be added to the metal oxide (c), for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass. By carrying out like this, the electrical conductivity of a metal oxide (c) can be improved.
- the metal oxide (c) can be used alone or in combination with other substances, but is preferably in the range of 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less in the negative electrode active material, and is 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass. More preferably, it is in the range of mass% or less.
- metal oxide (c) examples include, for example, LiFe 2 O 3 , WO 2 , MoO 2 , SiO, SiO 2 , CuO, SnO, SnO 2 , Nb 3 O 5 , Li x Ti 2-x O 4. (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 4/3), PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 5 and the like.
- the negative electrode active material include metal sulfide (d) that can occlude and release lithium ions.
- Metal sulfide as (d) are, for example, SnS and FeS 2 or the like.
- Other examples of the negative electrode active material include metal lithium or lithium alloy, polyacene or polythiophene, or Li 5 (Li 3 N), Li 7 MnN 4 , Li 3 FeN 2 , Li 2.5 Co 0. Lithium nitride such as 5 N or Li 3 CoN can be used.
- These negative electrode active materials can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the negative electrode active material can include a carbon material (a), a metal (b), and a metal oxide (c).
- this negative electrode active material will be described.
- the amorphous metal oxide (c) can suppress the volume expansion of the carbon material (a) and the metal (b), and can suppress the decomposition of the electrolytic solution. This mechanism is presumed to have some influence on the film formation on the interface between the carbon material (a) and the electrolytic solution due to the amorphous structure of the metal oxide (c).
- the amorphous structure is considered to have relatively few elements due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects.
- the metal oxide (c) does not have an amorphous structure, a peak specific to the metal oxide (c) is observed, but all or part of the metal oxide (c) is amorphous. When it has a structure, an intrinsic peak is observed as a broad in the metal oxide (c).
- the metal oxide (c) is preferably a metal oxide constituting the metal (b).
- the metal (b) and the metal oxide (c) are preferably silicon (Si) and silicon oxide (SiO), respectively.
- the metal (b) is preferably dispersed entirely or partially in the metal oxide (c).
- the metal (b) is preferably dispersed entirely or partially in the metal oxide (c).
- the volume expansion of the whole negative electrode can be further suppressed, and the decomposition of the electrolytic solution can also be suppressed.
- all or part of the metal (b) is dispersed in the metal oxide (c) because it is observed with a transmission electron microscope (general TEM observation) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (general). This can be confirmed by using a combination of a standard EDX measurement.
- the cross section of the sample containing the metal (b) particles is observed, the oxygen concentration of the metal (b) particles dispersed in the metal oxide (c) is measured, and the metal (b) particles are configured. It can be confirmed that the metal being used is not an oxide.
- the content of the carbon material (a), the metal (b), and the metal oxide (c) with respect to the total of the carbon material (a), the metal (b), and the metal oxide (c) is 2 respectively. It is preferable that they are 0 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less, and 0 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less. Moreover, content of the carbon material (a), the metal (b), and the metal oxide (c) with respect to the total of the carbon material (a), the metal (b), and the metal oxide (c) is 2% by mass or more, respectively. More preferably, they are 100 mass% or less, 0 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less, and 0 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less.
- a negative electrode active material in which all or part of the metal oxide (c) has an amorphous structure and all or part of the metal (b) is dispersed in the metal oxide (c) is disclosed in, for example, It can be produced by the method disclosed in 2004-47404. That is, by performing a CVD process on the metal oxide (c) in an atmosphere containing an organic gas such as methane gas, the metal (b) in the metal oxide (c) is nanoclustered and the surface is a carbon material (a ) Can be obtained. Moreover, the said negative electrode active material is producible also by mixing a carbon material (a), a metal (b), and a metal oxide (c) by mechanical milling.
- the carbon material (a), the metal (b), and the metal oxide (c) are not particularly limited, but particulate materials can be used.
- the average particle diameter of the metal (b) may be smaller than the average particle diameter of the carbon material (a) and the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (c). In this way, the metal (b) having a large volume change during charging and discharging has a relatively small particle size, and the carbon material (a) and the metal oxide (c) having a small volume change have a relatively large particle size. Therefore, dendrite formation and alloy pulverization are more effectively suppressed.
- the average particle diameter of the metal (b) can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or less, and is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of a metal oxide (c) is 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of a carbon material (a), and the average particle diameter of a metal (b) is an average of a metal oxide (c). It is preferable that it is 1/2 or less of a particle diameter. Furthermore, the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (c) is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of the carbon material (a), and the average particle diameter of the metal (b) is the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (c). It is more preferable that it is 1/2 or less.
- the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide (c) is set to 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of the graphite (a), and the average particle diameter of the silicon (b) is the average particle of the silicon oxide (c). It is preferable to make it 1/2 or less of the diameter. More specifically, the average particle diameter of silicon (b) can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or less, and is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the binder for the negative electrode is not particularly limited, but polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Polymerized rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide and the like can be mentioned.
- the content of the negative electrode binder is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by mass and more preferably 2 to 25% by mass with respect to the total amount of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder.
- the content is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by mass and more preferably 2 to 25% by mass with respect to the total amount of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but aluminum, nickel, copper, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability.
- Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- the negative electrode can be produced by forming a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder on a negative electrode current collector.
- Examples of the method for forming the negative electrode active material layer include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, a CVD method, and a sputtering method.
- a thin film of aluminum, nickel, or an alloy thereof may be formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering to form a negative electrode current collector.
- the secondary battery may be composed of a combination of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the separator include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyimides, porous polymer films such as porous polyvinylidene fluoride films, and ion conductive polymer electrolyte films. These can be used alone or in combination.
- Examples of the shape of the battery include a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a coin shape, a button shape, and a laminate shape.
- Examples of the battery outer package include stainless steel, iron, aluminum, titanium, alloys thereof, and plated products thereof. As the plating, for example, nickel plating can be used.
- examples of the laminate resin film used for the laminate mold include aluminum, aluminum alloy, and titanium foil.
- examples of the material of the heat-welded portion of the metal laminate resin film include thermoplastic polymer materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate.
- the metal laminate resin layer and the metal foil layer are not limited to one layer, and may be two or more layers.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the secondary battery according to the present embodiment.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode active material layer 1 containing a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector 3 made of metal such as aluminum foil, and a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector 4 made of metal such as copper foil.
- a negative electrode active material layer 2 containing The positive electrode active material layer 1 and the negative electrode active material layer 2 are disposed to face each other with a separator 5 made of an electrolytic solution, a nonwoven fabric containing the electrolyte, a polypropylene microporous film, and the like.
- 6 and 7 are exterior bodies
- 8 is a negative electrode tab
- 9 is a positive electrode tab.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a lithium secondary battery produced in this example.
- Table 1 shows the fluorine-containing ether compounds used in this example, their abbreviations, and their fluorine substitution rates (ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the total number of hydrogen and fluorine atoms of the fluorine-containing ether compound).
- Example 1 LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.35 Ti 0.15 O 4 (90% by mass) as a positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF, 5% by mass) as a binder, and carbon black (5 % By mass) was mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
- This positive electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
- This positive electrode slurry was uniformly applied to one side of an aluminum current collector having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m. The thickness of the coating film was adjusted so that the initial charge capacity per unit area was 2.5 mAh / cm 2 . After drying, a positive electrode was produced by compression molding with a roll press.
- Artificial graphite was used as the negative electrode active material. Artificial graphite was dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone dissolved in PVdF as a binder to prepare a negative electrode slurry. The mass ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder was 90/10. This negative electrode slurry was uniformly coated on a 10 ⁇ m thick Cu current collector. The thickness of the coating film was adjusted so that the initial charge capacity was 3.0 mAh / cm 2 . After drying, a negative electrode was produced by compression molding with a roll press.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode cut out to 3 cm ⁇ 3 cm were arranged so as to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween.
- a separator a microporous polypropylene film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used.
- ethylene carbonate (EC), tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (FP1), and two fluorine-containing ether compounds (FE01, FE06) shown in Table 1 were used.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- FP1 tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate
- FE01, FE06 two fluorine-containing ether compounds
- the above positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and electrolyte were placed in a laminate outer package, the laminate was sealed, and a lithium secondary battery was produced.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were connected to a tab and electrically connected from the outside of the laminate.
- Example 2 Comparative Examples 1 to 7
- a lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent composition of the non-aqueous electrolyte was changed to the composition shown in Table 2, and the capacity retention rate after 200 cycles at 45 ° C. was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- FE01 to FE12 each represents a fluorine-containing ether compound shown in Table 1.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FP1 tris phosphate (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)
- the life improvement effect was recognized by mixing two kinds of fluorine-containing ether compounds.
- the addition of a fluorine-containing ether compound having a high fluorine substitution rate is considered to improve the oxidation resistance and improve the characteristics. Even when a small amount of a fluorine-containing ether compound having a high fluorine substitution rate is added, it is presumed that deterioration at a high potential is suppressed by adsorption to the positive electrode.
- the effect of improving the cycle capacity retention rate was low.
- the ether compound having a high fluorine substitution rate has low compatibility with other solvents, and therefore, if the addition amount is large, it may cause partial separation, precipitation, and the like, and as a result, good cycle characteristics cannot be obtained.
- FP1 Tris phosphate (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)
- FP2 Tris phosphate (1H, 1H-heptafluorobutyl)
- FP3 Tris phosphate (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)
- the mixture of the cyclic carbonate and the fluorine-containing ether compound has low compatibility and is difficult to uniformly mix.
- the fluorine-containing phosphate compound phase separation is eliminated, and a uniformly mixed electrolyte can be obtained. Good battery characteristics can be obtained by the uniform electrolyte.
- Table 3 in a plurality of types of fluorine-containing phosphate compounds, the same effect was confirmed in improving compatibility.
- Example 20 to 21 Comparative Examples 10 to 11
- a lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent composition of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution was changed to the composition shown in Table 4, and the capacity retention rate after 45 cycles at 45 ° C. was measured to evaluate cycle characteristics. Went. Table 4 shows the results.
- Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the homogeneous mixing property of the electrolytic solution in each electrolytic solution solvent composition. LiPF 6 was used as the supporting salt for the electrolyte, and the concentration was 0.8 mol / l.
- Examples 24 to 28, Comparative Examples 13 to 17 a lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent composition of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution was changed to the composition shown in Table 6, and the capacity retention rate after 45 cycles at 45 ° C. was measured. Evaluation was performed. The result of having evaluated with the electrolyte solution of Table 6 is shown. LiPF 6 was used as the supporting salt for the electrolyte, and the concentration was 0.8 mol / l.
- the positive electrode active material Even if the positive electrode active material was changed, the effect of improving the cycle characteristics was obtained in the same manner. However, when the positive electrode active material operated at a high potential was used, the improvement effect was higher. Since the graphite of the negative electrode has a large charge / discharge region in the vicinity of 0.1 V to 0.2 V with respect to Li, the positive electrode potential is obtained by adding 0.1 V to 0.2 V to the cell voltage. . For example, when a battery using graphite is charged to 4.75 V, the positive electrode potential is approximately 4.85 V with respect to Li. From the results of Table 7, the effect was obtained even when the positive electrode potential was about 4.3 V, but the effect was higher when the positive electrode potential was 4.5 V or more.
- Examples 41 to 43, Comparative Examples 30 to 32 Evaluation of negative electrode active material [Examples 41 to 43, Comparative Examples 30 to 32] Subsequently, a battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material shown in Table 8 was used as the negative electrode active material, and the solvent composition of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution was changed to the composition shown in Table 8, and cycle characteristics were evaluated. .
- the charge / discharge range is the charge / discharge range shown in Table 8 as a charge / discharge voltage range in which sufficient capacity and lifetime characteristics are obtained for each negative electrode active material, and the capacity is maintained after 45 ° C. and 200 cycles in the same manner as in Example 1. The rate was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 8.
- a life improvement effect can be obtained by adopting the configuration of the present embodiment.
- the effect is particularly high when a positive electrode active material that operates at a potential of 4.5 V or higher with respect to lithium is used. This makes it possible to provide a long-life lithium secondary battery having a high operating voltage.
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Abstract
Description
式(1)で示される第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物、
式(1)で示される第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物、並びに、
式(2)で示されるフッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物および式(3)で示されるスルホン化合物から選択される少なくとも一種
を含み、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率は、前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率より小さく、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量よりも大きく、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は電解液の0.1体積%以上80体積%以下であり、
前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は電解液の0.1体積%以上40体積%以下であり、
前記フッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物および前記スルホン化合物の含有量の合計は電解液の0.1体積%以上70体積%以下であることを特徴とする、二次電池用電解液に関する。
[式(1)中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立してアルキル基またはフッ素含有アルキル基であり、R1およびR2の少なくとも一方がフッ素含有アルキル基である。]
O=P(-O-R1’)(-O-R2’)(-O-R3’) (2)
[式(2)中、R1’、R2’、R3’はそれぞれ独立してアルキル基またはフッ素含有アルキル基であり、R1’、R2’およびR3’の少なくとも1つがフッ素含有アルキル基である。]
R1’’-SO2-R2’’ (3)
[式(3)中、R1’’、R2’’はそれぞれ独立して置換または無置換のアルキル基であり、R1’’、R2’’の炭素原子が単結合または二重結合を介して結合した環状化合物であっても良い。]
電解液(非水電解液)は、支持塩及び非水電解溶媒を含み、非水電解液は下記一般式(1)で表されるフッ素含有鎖状エーテル化合物(以下、単に「フッ素含有エーテル化合物」と記載することもある。)を2種類以上含む。2種類以上のフッ素含有エーテル化合物を含むことによって、寿命特性を改善できる。
[式(1)中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立してアルキル基またはフッ素含有アルキル基であり、R1およびR2の少なくとも一方はフッ素含有アルキル基である。]
O=P(-O-R1’)(-O-R2’)(-O-R3’) (2)
[式(2)中、R1’、R2’およびR3’はそれぞれ独立にアルキル基またはフッ素含有アルキル基を示し、R1’、R2’およびR3’のうちの少なくとも1つがフッ素含有アルキル基である。]
式(2)において、R1’、R2’およびR3’の炭素数は、それぞれ独立に、1~3であることが好ましい。
R1’’-SO2-R2’’ (3)
[式(3)中、R1’’およびR2’’はそれぞれ独立して置換または無置換のアルキル基を示す。R1’’、R2’’の炭素原子が単結合または二重結合を介して結合した環状化合物であっても良い。]
正極活物質としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、スピネル系の材料、層状系の材料、オリビン系の材料などが挙げられる。
[式(5)中、0.4≦x≦1.2、0≦y、x+y<2、0≦a≦1.2、0≦w≦1である。Mは遷移金属元素でありCo、Ni、Fe、Cr及びCuからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含み、Yは金属元素であり、Li、B、Na、Al、Mg、Ti、Si、K及びCaからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含み、Zはハロゲン元素であり、F及びClからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。]
LiMPO4 (6)
で表され、式(6)中、Mは遷移金属元素であり、Co及びNiから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことがより好ましい。
[式(7)中、0.33≦z≦0.7、Mは金属元素でありLi、Co及びNiから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。]
Li(LixM1-x-zMnz)O2 (8)
[式(8)中、0.1≦x<0.3、0.33≦z≦0.7、Mは金属元素でありCo及びNiから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。]
これらの材料の、遷移金属の一部を別の元素で置換したり、酸素部分をフッ素で置換したりしたものも使用できる。式(7)、式(8)において、Mは、それぞれ上記に例示された元素を好ましくは80%以上、より好ましくは90%以上含む。
負極は、負極活物質として、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出し得る材料を含むものであれば特に限定されない。
二次電池は、正極、負極、セパレータ、及び非水電解液との組み合わせから構成されてよい。セパレータとしては、例えば、織布、不織布、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン系、ポリイミド、多孔性ポリフッ化ビニリデン膜等の多孔性ポリマー膜、イオン伝導性ポリマー電解質膜等が挙げられる。これらは単独または組み合わせで使用することができる。
電池の形状としては、例えば、円筒形、角形、コイン型、ボタン型、ラミネート型等が挙げられる。電池の外装体としては、例えば、ステンレス、鉄、アルミニウム、チタン、又はこれらの合金、あるいはこれらのメッキ加工品等が挙げられる。メッキとしては例えばニッケルメッキを用いることができる。
正極活物質としてのLiNi0.5Mn1.35Ti0.15O4(90質量%)と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF、5質量%)と、導電剤としてカーボンブラック(5質量%)と、を混合して正極合剤とした。この正極合剤をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに分散させることにより、正極用スラリーを調製した。この正極用スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム製集電体の片面に、均一に塗布した。単位面積当たりの初回充電容量が2.5mAh/cm2となるように塗布膜の厚さを調整した。乾燥させた後、ロールプレスで圧縮成型することにより正極を作製した。
この電池を、20mAで充電し、上限電圧が4.75Vに達した後は、全充電時間が2.5時間になるまで定電流で充電した。その後、20mAで下限電圧3Vになるまで定電流で放電した。この充放電を200回繰り返した。セルは45℃の恒温槽内に配置し、充放電を行った。200サイクル時点の容量と1サイクル目の容量との比率(200サイクル時点の容量/1サイクル目の容量)を、45℃200サイクル後容量維持率として評価した。結果を表2に示す。
続いて、非水電解液の溶媒組成を表2の組成とした以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製し、45℃200サイクル後容量維持率を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
EC:エチレンカーボネート
PC:プロピレンカーボネート
FEC:フルオロエチレンカーボネート
FP1:リン酸トリス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)
続いて、フッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物での効果の評価を行った。使用したフッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物の略号を以下に説明する。
FP2:リン酸トリス(1H,1H-ヘプタフルオロブチル)
FP3:リン酸トリス(2,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロピル)
表3に、各電解液溶媒組成における電解液の均一混合性について評価した結果を示す。電解液の支持塩にはLiPF6を使用し、濃度は0.8mol/lとした。
続いて、非水電解液の溶媒組成を表4に示す組成とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製し、45℃200サイクル後容量維持率を測定しサイクル特性評価を行った。表4に結果を示す。
続いて、フッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物に代えて、スルホン化合物を使った電解液の検討を行った。使用したスルホン化合物の略号を以下に説明する。
DMS:ジメチルスルホン
EMS:エチルメチルスルホン
DES:ジエチルスルホン
表5に、各電解液溶媒組成における電解液の均一混合性について評価した結果を示す。電解液の支持塩にはLiPF6を使用し、濃度は0.8mol/lとした。
続いて、非水電解液の溶媒組成を表6の組成とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウム二次電池を作製し、45℃200サイクル後容量維持率を測定し、サイクル特性評価を行った。表6の電解液で評価を行った結果を示す。電解液の支持塩にはLiPF6を使用し、濃度は0.8mol/lとした。
[実施例29~40、比較例18~29]
正極活物質を変えて同様の実験を実施した。正極活物質として表7に示す材料を使用し、非水電解液の溶媒組成を表7に示す組成とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。電解液の支持塩にはLiPF6を使用し、濃度は0.8mol/lとした。充放電範囲は、各正極活物質に、十分な容量と寿命特性が得られるような充放電電圧範囲として表7に示す範囲とし、実施例1と同様にして45℃200サイクル後容量維持率の評価を行った。その結果を表7に示す。
[実施例41~43、比較例30~32]
続いて、負極活物質として表8で示す材料を使用し、非水電解液の溶媒組成を表8に示す組成とした以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、サイクル特性評価を実施した。充放電範囲は、各負極活物質に、十分な容量と寿命特性が得られるような充放電電圧範囲として表8に示す充放電範囲とし、実施例1と同様にして45℃200サイクル後容量維持率の評価を行った。結果を表8に示す。
2 負極活物質層
3 正極集電体
4 負極集電体
5 セパレータ
6 ラミネート外装体
7 ラミネート外装体
8 負極タブ
9 正極タブ
Claims (12)
- 式(1)で示される第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物、
式(1)で示される第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物、並びに、
式(2)で示されるフッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物および式(3)で示されるスルホン化合物から選択される少なくとも一種
を含み、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率は、前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率より小さく、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は、前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量よりも大きく、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は電解液の0.1体積%以上80体積%以下であり、
前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は電解液の0.1体積%以上40体積%以下であり、
前記フッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物および前記スルホン化合物の含有量の合計は電解液の0.1体積%以上70体積%以下であることを特徴とする、二次電池用電解液。
R1-O-R2 (1)
[式(1)中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立してアルキル基またはフッ素含有アルキル基であり、R1およびR2の少なくとも一方がフッ素含有アルキル基である。]
O=P(-O-R1’)(-O-R2’)(-O-R3’) (2)
[式(2)中、R1’、R2’、R3’はそれぞれ独立してアルキル基またはフッ素含有アルキル基であり、R1’、R2’およびR3’の少なくとも1つがフッ素含有アルキル基である。]
R1’’-SO2-R2’’ (3)
[式(3)中、R1’’、R2’’はそれぞれ独立して置換または無置換のアルキル基であり、R1’’、R2’’の炭素原子が単結合または二重結合を介して結合した環状化合物であっても良い。] - 式(1)で示されるフッ素含有エーテル化合物の炭素数の総和が、それぞれ4以上10以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率が、40%以上80%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率が、70%以上95%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記フッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物が、リン酸トリス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)、リン酸トリス(2,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロピル)、リン酸トリス(1H,1H-ヘプタフルオロブチル)から選ばれる少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 前記スルホン化合物が、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホン、エチルメチルスルホン、ジエチルスルホンから選ばれる少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- さらに環状カーボネートを電解液の1体積%以上50体積%以下の範囲で含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用電解液。
- 正極と、負極と、支持塩および非水電解溶媒を含む電解液と、を有する二次電池であって、
前記電解液は、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用電解液であることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 前記正極は、リチウムに対して4.5V以上の電位でLiの挿入脱離を行う正極活物質を含むことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、下記式(4)、(5)、(6)および(7)のいずれかで表されるリチウム金属複合酸化物を一種以上含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の二次電池。
Lia(MxMn2-x-yYy)(O4-wZw) (4)
[式(4)中、0.4≦x≦1.2、0≦y、x+y<2、0≦a≦1.2、0≦w≦1、Mは遷移金属元素であり、Co、Ni、Fe、Cr及びCuからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含み、Yは金属元素であり、Li、B、Na、Al、Mg、Ti、Si、K及びCaからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含み、Zはハロゲン元素であり、F及びClからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。]
LiMPO4 (5)
[式(5)中、Mは遷移金属元素であり、Co及びNiから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。]
Li(M1-zMnz)O2 (6)
[式(6)中、0.33≦z≦0.7、Mは金属元素であり、Li、Co及びNiから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。]
Li(LixM1-x-zMnz)O2 (7)
[式(7)中、0.1≦x<0.3、0.33≦z≦0.7、Mは金属元素であり、Co及びNiから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。] - 二次電池用電解液の製造方法であって、
式(1)で示される第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物、
式(1)で示される第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物、並びに、
式(2)で示されるフッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物および式(3)で示されるスルホン化合物から選択される少なくとも一種
を電解液に混合する工程を含み、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率は、前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物のフッ素置換率より小さく、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は、前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量よりも大きく、
前記第一のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は電解液の0.1体積%以上80体積%以下であり、
前記第二のフッ素含有エーテル化合物の含有量は電解液の0.1体積%以上40体積%以下であり、
前記フッ素含有リン酸エステル化合物および前記スルホン化合物の含有量の合計は電解液の0.1体積%以上70体積%以下であることを特徴とする、二次電池用電解液の製造方法。 - 正極、負極、電解液および外装体を有する二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記正極と前記負極を対向配置し、前記電解液とともに前記外装体に封入する工程を含み、
前記電解液は、請求項11に記載の製造方法によって製造された二次電池用電解液であることを特徴とする二次電池の製造方法。
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JPWO2014181877A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US20160099486A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
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