WO2014175327A1 - 黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶及びその製造方法、並びに、食品、医薬品、ゲル、組成物及び組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶及びその製造方法、並びに、食品、医薬品、ゲル、組成物及び組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014175327A1 WO2014175327A1 PCT/JP2014/061412 JP2014061412W WO2014175327A1 WO 2014175327 A1 WO2014175327 A1 WO 2014175327A1 JP 2014061412 W JP2014061412 W JP 2014061412W WO 2014175327 A1 WO2014175327 A1 WO 2014175327A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pyrroloquinoline quinone
- yellow
- crystal
- composition
- water
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- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal, a method for producing the crystal, a food, a pharmaceutical, a gel, a composition, and a method for producing the composition.
- Reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone is a substance obtained by reducing the quinone part of oxidized pyrroloquinoline quinone (hereinafter also referred to as “oxidized PQQ”).
- Non-patent Document 1 It has been reported that reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone has much higher antioxidant activity than conventional oxidized PQQ (Non-patent Document 1).
- oxidized PQQ is expected to be reduced to reduced PQQ, and is considered to act as an active species for cell proliferation action and blood glucose level reduction. Therefore, reduced PQQ is a component that is more effective than oxidized PQQ, and is a nutritional functional food, food for specified health use, nutritional supplement, nutritional supplement, beverage, feed, animal medicine, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, therapeutic drugs, prevention It has attracted attention as a useful ingredient as a medicine.
- Reduced PQQ is obtained by reducing oxidized PQQ using a common reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, sodium hyposulfite, etc., hydrogen reduction with a platinum catalyst, or reduction with glutathione.
- a common reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, sodium hyposulfite, etc.
- hydrogen reduction with a platinum catalyst or reduction with glutathione.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method of reducing PQQ with ascorbic acid.
- the reduced PQQ is highly safe, the production method is low-cost and simple, the reduced PQQ is uniformly dispersed in the liquid, and the reduced PQQ has a bright color ( It is desired that the additive is not easily colored.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the general reducing agent described in Non-Patent Document 1 is highly likely to be toxic to the living body, and a process for removing it is necessary. Also in Non-Patent Document 2, a special facility is required to use hydrogen that is easy to leak and explode. Further, Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4 have a problem that the price of glutathione is high.
- Patent Document 1 has a problem that the color of the obtained reduced PQQ crystal tends to be black and is difficult to use in foods and cosmetics. Furthermore, the conventional black reduced PQQ crystal can be dissolved in an aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, but its solubility in water and alcohol is very low. It is difficult to use in a liquid state.
- an aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide
- reductive PQQ is recrystallized using dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile, and the mixed solution is brought out of the column using a mixed solvent of methanol and water, and the resulting solution is dried.
- Reduced PQQ is obtained.
- the organic solvent remains in the reduced PQQ, and when the organic solvent remains, it cannot be used as it is as a food.
- facilities for combustible materials are required, and the production cost is improved.
- the use of a column is not preferable because it uses expensive equipment and a large amount of extract.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has excellent solubility and a yellow light-colored reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal, a simple production method thereof, and foods, pharmaceuticals, gels, and compositions. And it aims at providing the manufacturing method of a composition.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal according to [1] which exhibits 2 ⁇ peaks at 57 ⁇ 0.4 ° and 25.36 ⁇ 0.4 °.
- composition comprising the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal described in any one of [1] to [3] above and cyclodextrin.
- cyclodextrin comprises ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- content of the cyclodextrin is 1 to 2000 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal.
- composition according to any one of [8] to [10] further comprising water.
- a reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal having excellent solubility and yellowish color, a simple method for producing the crystal, a food, a pharmaceutical, a gel, a composition, and a method for producing the composition.
- Can do a simple method for producing the crystal, a food, a pharmaceutical, a gel, a composition, and a method for producing the composition.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of powder X-ray diffraction of ocher-reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystals of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of powder X-ray diffraction of black reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystals of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of powder X-ray diffraction of ocher reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystals of Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of powder X-ray diffraction of ocher reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystals of Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of powder X-ray diffraction of reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystals of Comparative Example 2. It is a figure which shows the optical microscope (40 times objective) photograph of the orange gelled material obtained in Example 7.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the result of powder X-ray diffraction of the composition of Example 8.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of powder X-ray diffraction of the composition of Example 10. It is a figure which shows the result of the powder X-ray diffraction of (gamma) -cyclodextrin.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist thereof. Is possible.
- the crystal of reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone of this embodiment has a water solubility of 0.040 to 0.20 (mg / mL) and is a yellow crystal.
- the reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone is represented by the following formula (1).
- the solubility of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal in water is 0.040 to 0.20 (mg / mL), preferably 0.060 to 0.18 (mg / mL), more preferably 0. 0.080-0.16 (mg / mL).
- solubility in water is within the above range, it is easy to maintain uniformity when mixing into a liquid, so that it is easier to use in applications such as foods and pharmaceuticals.
- solubility of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal in ethanol is 1.8 to 12.5 (mg / mL), preferably 2.0 to 10 (mg / mL), more preferably 2 .5 to 9.0 (mg / mL).
- solubility in ethanol is within the above range, it becomes easier to use in applications such as foods and pharmaceuticals.
- solubility of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of the present embodiment in water is such a high value when water is collected around the crystal molecule and hydrated when dissolved in water. It is thought that this is because the process exists, and it is considered that the hydrophilic group is a crystal having a sequence that is easily hydrated, but is not particularly limited.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal has high dispersibility and is very easy to form a fluid solution.
- “highly dispersible” means that crystals that are not dissolved in the solvent are uniformly dispersed in the liquid at a concentration equal to or higher than the solubility.
- the crystal of reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone of the present embodiment is a yellow crystal, and the hue is preferably 50 to 70 degrees. It does not specifically limit as a measuring method of a hue, It can measure using a commercially available spectrocolorimeter.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal is 6.85 ⁇ 0.4 °, 10.49 ⁇ 0.4 °, 11.02 ⁇ 0.4 °, 16 in powder X-ray diffraction using Cu—K ⁇ . 2 ⁇ peaks are shown at 18 ⁇ 0.4 °, 23.57 ⁇ 0.4 °, and 25.36 ⁇ 0.4 °. Specific measurement conditions of powder X-ray diffraction using Cu-K ⁇ can be in accordance with the examples.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal preferably contains a free form (hereinafter also referred to as “free form”) in which a metal atom such as an alkali metal is not ion-bonded to the carboxylic acid in the pyrroloquinoline quinone molecule.
- the content of the metal atom in the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal is preferably 0 to 200 mol%, more preferably 0 to 150 mol%, further preferably 100 mol% of pyrroloquinolinequinone. Is 0 to 100 mol%.
- the content of the metal atom is within the above range, the crystal structure can be maintained more stably, and the crystal color tends to be red or black or the solubility in water can be further suppressed.
- Content of a metal atom can be measured by the method as described in an Example.
- the content of water in the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal is preferably 0 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0 to 30% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal. More preferably, it is 5 to 15% by mass.
- the water content is within the above range, the crystal structure can be maintained more stably, and the crystal color tends to be red or black or the solubility in water can be further suppressed.
- the water content can be measured with a Karl Fischer or an infrared moisture meter.
- the method for producing a yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of the present embodiment comprises stirring a mixed liquid containing pyrroloquinoline quinone and / or a salt of the pyrroloquinoline quinone and a reducing agent at less than 25 ° C. for 10 hours or more. A stirring step. With such a production method, even if the conventional recrystallization step is omitted, yellow crystals can be obtained, the purification step can be further simplified, and the production method becomes simple.
- the pyrroloquinoline quinone and / or a salt of the pyrroloquinoline quinone are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include (free) pyrroloquinoline quinone and pyrroloquinoline quinone salts represented by the following formula (2).
- pyrroloquinoline quinone salt examples include alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and ammonium salts of pyrroloquinoline quinone.
- alkali metal salts are preferred from the viewpoint of availability.
- a disodium body and a dipotassium body are mentioned.
- the pyrroloquinoline quinone or its salt used in this invention can obtain what is marketed, and can be manufactured by a well-known method.
- Pyrroloquinoline quinone or a salt thereof can be used as a solution of pyrroloquinoline quinone or a salt thereof.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, and for example, a solvent such as water, alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used, and water is preferable from the viewpoint of safety in applications such as foods and pharmaceuticals.
- the pyrroloquinoline quinone and the total content thereof in the mixed solution are preferably 0.0010 to 30 g / L, more preferably 0.01 to 15 g / L, and further preferably 0.1 to 5 g / L. It is.
- productivity tends to be further improved.
- operativity to improve more because pyrroloquinoline quinone and its total content are 30 g / L or less.
- the reducing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ascorbic acid. Among these, L-ascorbic acid is preferable. Cost competitiveness tends to be further improved by using ascorbic acid.
- Ascorbic acid a commercially available product may be used, or it may be produced by a known method.
- the reducing agent can be used in the form of a solution by dissolving in water or alcohol, and among these, it is preferably used in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the content of the reducing agent in the mixed solution is 0.10 to 500 g / L, more preferably 0.50 to 300 g / L.
- the reaction rate tends to be further improved.
- the stirring temperature is less than 25 ° C, preferably 0 ° C to less than 25 ° C, more preferably 0 ° C to 20 ° C or less.
- the stirring temperature is less than 25 ° C.
- the crystallinity of the obtained crystal is improved, the crystal color is yellow, and the crystal solubility is improved. Since yellow crystals are relatively difficult to color the mixture, the usage is not easily restricted.
- the stirring temperature is 0 ° C. or higher, the crystal production efficiency tends to be further improved. Even when the same reducing agent is used, if the reaction temperature is different, the crystal structure of the obtained pyrroloquinoline quinone can be changed.
- the stirring temperature is 25 ° C. or higher, the crystallinity of the obtained crystal is lowered, and the color of the crystal is close to black. If the color of the crystal is close to black, the intended use can be limited.
- the stirring time is 10 hours or longer, preferably 10 hours or longer and within 1 week, more preferably 15 hours or longer and within 5 days.
- the stirring time is 10 hours or more, the crystallinity of the obtained crystal is further improved.
- the stirring time is within one week, the crystal production efficiency is further improved.
- stirring method Although it does not specifically limit as a stirring method, For example, it can carry out using a shaking incubator, a magnetic stirrer, etc. By stirring, the crystallization speed and the crystallinity of the obtained crystal are improved, the color of the crystal becomes yellow, and the solubility of the crystal is improved. Since yellow crystals are relatively difficult to color the mixture, the usage is not easily restricted. When stirring is not performed, the crystallinity of the obtained crystal is difficult to improve, and a black crystal is obtained.
- the pH of the mixed solution is preferably 1.5 to 3.5, more preferably 1.7 to 3.2.
- the pH of the mixed solution need not be in the above range throughout the stirring step.
- the pH of the mixed solution may be adjusted at any of the initial stage, middle stage, and final stage of stirring.
- the method for preparing the mixed solution is not particularly limited.
- a reducing agent solution containing a reducing agent and a pyrroloquinoline quinone solution containing pyrroloquinoline quinone are prepared, and the pyrroloquinoline quinone solution is added to the reducing agent solution. It is preferable.
- a pyrroloquinoline quinone solution is added to the reducing agent solution, the viscosity of the resulting mixed solution is further lowered and the stirring efficiency tends to be further improved.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal obtained in the stirring step can be isolated by filtration or centrifugation.
- the isolated yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal is preferably washed with water, an organic solvent or the like and then dried by drying under reduced pressure or the like.
- the drying temperature is preferably 120 ° C. or less, more preferably 70 ° C. or less, from the viewpoint of preventing discoloration of crystals. Although the minimum of drying temperature is not specifically limited, Room temperature or more is preferable.
- composition of this embodiment contains the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal and cyclodextrin.
- solubility of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal tends to be further improved by the inclusion of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal in the cyclodextrin.
- composition of the present embodiment may be in a powder state or a solution containing water or ethanol.
- the cyclodextrin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin. Of these, ⁇ -cyclodextrin is preferred. By using such a cyclodextrin, the solubility of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal tends to be further improved.
- the content of cyclodextrin is preferably 1 to 2000 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 1000 parts by weight, and further preferably 1 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal. Parts, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight, still more preferably 5 to 500 parts by weight.
- the solubility of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal tends to be further improved.
- the composition may further comprise water.
- the water content is preferably 0 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0 to 30 parts by mass, and further preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal. It is. When the water content is 2 parts by mass or more, the crystallinity tends to be further improved. Moreover, it exists in the tendency for stability to improve more because content of water is 50 mass parts or less.
- the composition may further comprise ethanol.
- the content of ethanol is preferably 0 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass, and further preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal. It is. When the ethanol content is 5 parts by mass or more, the antibacterial property tends to be further improved. Moreover, it exists in the tendency for stability to improve more because content of ethanol is 200 mass parts or less.
- the composition may further contain other additives.
- additives include, but are not limited to, emulsifiers, tensioning agents, buffering agents, solubilizing agents, flavoring agents, preservatives, stabilizers, and antioxidants.
- the method for producing the composition of the present embodiment includes a step of removing ethanol and / or water from a solution containing the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal, cyclodextrin, and ethanol and / or water.
- a solution containing a yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal, cyclodextrin, ethanol and / or water by preparing a solution containing a yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal, cyclodextrin, ethanol and / or water, and wet mixing, the cyclodextrin becomes a yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal. It is possible to create a state that is easy to include.
- the method for preparing the solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which each component is mixed and stirred for 2 minutes to several hours.
- the solution may be in a paste form by adjusting the amount of ethanol and / or water used.
- the method for removing ethanol and / or water from the solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include general drying methods such as reduced pressure drying, spray drying, and freeze drying.
- composition obtained as described above can be stably stored while suppressing the generation of precipitates by low temperature storage, room temperature storage, anaerobic storage in a sealed container, light shielding storage, and the like.
- the gel of this embodiment contains the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal and ethanol.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal can be gelled without using a gelling agent, and a highly dispersible gel can be obtained. Therefore, it can be used suitably for product use in a gelled state.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of observation of the orange gelled product obtained in Example 7 described later with an optical microscope (40 ⁇ objective).
- a fibrous substance is formed in the gelled product, and this is considered to be a gelled product holding the solvent. This is considered to be because the crystal structure of the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal can be easily changed and changes into a fiber shape at a concentration higher than the solubility, but is not particularly limited.
- the formation of such a fiber structure with a low molecular weight compound such as PQQ is not particularly limited, although it is considered that the low molecular weight compounds are polymerized by weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding and ⁇ interaction.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of the present embodiment, the composition containing the crystal, and the gel are active ingredients such as foods, feeds, pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, and cosmetics for humans or animals. be able to.
- the food of this embodiment contains the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal or the gel. Although it does not specifically limit as a foodstuff, For example, the food and drink which eats everyday, various hospital foods, functional food, feed, etc. are mentioned.
- the functional food here means foods taken for the purpose of maintaining health or supplementing nutrition instead of dietary foods such as health foods, nutritional supplements, functional nutritional foods, and nutrition insurance foods. Specific forms include, but are not limited to, capsules, tablets, chewable tablets, drinks and the like.
- additives used in food such as sweeteners, coloring agents, preservatives, thickening stabilizers, antioxidants, coloring agents, bleaching agents, antibacterial and antifungal agents, gum bases Bitterings, enzymes, brighteners, acidulants, seasonings, emulsifiers, fortifiers, manufacturing agents, fragrances, spice extracts and the like can be used.
- it can also be added to ordinary foods such as miso, soy sauce, instant miso soup, ramen, yakisoba, curry, corn soup, merbaudofu, marvo eggplant, pasta sauce, pudding, cake, bread and the like.
- Edible may contain water or organic solvent. Although it does not specifically limit as an organic solvent used for foodstuff, For example, fats and oils and alcohol are mentioned.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of this embodiment has high solubility in alcohol and can be supplied as tincture.
- the alcohol is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol.
- ethanol is preferable from the viewpoint that solubility is particularly high and it can be used for food. From the same viewpoint, water is also preferable.
- the pharmaceutical or quasi-drug of this embodiment contains the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal. Although it does not specifically limit as a pharmaceutical or a quasi-drug, For example, a skin external preparation, an injection, an oral agent, a suppository etc. are mentioned.
- the administration form when used as a pharmaceutical or quasi-drug is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oral administration and parenteral administration such as intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous or transdermal.
- the dosage form is not particularly limited. For example, tablets, powders, granules, pills, suspensions, emulsions, soaking / decoction, capsules, syrups, solutions, elixirs, extracts, tinctures, flow Extracts, injections, drops, creams, suppositories and the like can be mentioned.
- either a yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal may be molded alone or various additives may be added.
- various excipients, lubricants and the like are added to the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal for tableting.
- the method of carrying out direct compression molding can be used, for example. Specifically, there is a method in which powders of respective components are mixed as uniformly as possible and directly fed to a tableting machine for tableting. Although it does not specifically limit as this tableting machine, Tableting machines, such as rotary tableting machine collect 12HU (made by Kikusui Seisakusho), are mentioned, It can shape
- the tablet hardness of the tableting product thus obtained is 3 to 20 kgf, preferably 5 to 15 kgf.
- the tablet hardness is higher than 3 kgf, it is preferable that the obtained molded product is not easily broken on the production line or in the distribution process.
- the tablet hardness is lower than 20 kgf, the texture is preferable without being too hard, and the content does not easily dissolve, so that the absorption rate tends to be suitable, which is preferable.
- the size of the molded product thus obtained is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to select appropriately according to the intake amount of PQQ, the amount of other compounds and the number of intakes.
- the size of one tablet is preferably 5 to 20 mm in diameter, and the weight is preferably 200 to 2000 mg.
- the shape of the molded body is not particularly limited, although there are various shapes such as a round shape, a square shape, a hexagon shape, a cylindrical shape, and a meteorite shape.
- ком ⁇ онентs When formulated as an oral preparation, it is not particularly limited.
- excipients binders, disintegrants, lubricants, dispersants, suspension agents, emulsifiers, diluents, buffers, antioxidants, bacteria Additives such as inhibitors can be used.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of the present embodiment and the composition containing the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal are used as a liquid preparation suitable for oral administration, such as a syrup, water; Sugars such as fructose, sucrose, sorbitol and glucose; oils such as falling raw oil, soybean oil, olive oil and sesame oil; glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters; paraoxy It can be formulated by adding a paraoxybenzoic acid derivative such as methyl benzoate; a preservative such as sodium benzoate; and flavors such as strawberry flavor and peppermint.
- a paraoxybenzoic acid derivative such as methyl benzoate
- a preservative such as sodium benzoate
- flavors such as strawberry flavor and peppermint.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of the present embodiment and the composition containing the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal are suitable for oral administration, for example, tablet, capsule, powder, granule powder or granule.
- lactose sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol and other sugars; potato, wheat, corn and other starches; calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, etc.
- Inorganic materials such as crystalline cellulose, licorice powder and gentian powder; lubricants such as kaolin, talc, magnesium stearate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, macrogol, silicone oil; starch, sodium alginate, agar Gelatin powder, crystalline cellulose, carmellose sodium, potassium Disintegrants such as melose calcium, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate; binders such as polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, gelatin, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, carmellose, starch paste; surfactants such as fatty acid esters; glycerin, etc. It can be formulated by adding a plasticizer or the like. Moreover, you may add a solubility promoter, a filler, etc. as needed.
- additives generally used for foods and drinks For example, food sweeteners, colorants, preservatives, thickening stabilizers, antioxidants, color formers, bleaching agents, fungicides, gum bases, bittering agents, enzymes, brighteners, acidulants, seasonings, emulsifiers, strengthening agents Manufacturing agents, fragrances, spice extracts and the like may be added.
- Formulations suitable for oral administration may be as they are or in the form of, for example, powdered foods, sheet foods, bottled foods, canned foods, retort foods, capsule foods, tablet foods, liquid foods, drinks, etc. It may also be used as a food or drink such as health food, functional food, nutritional supplement.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of the present embodiment may be prepared from vitamins such as vitamin B group, vitamin C and vitamin E; amino acids; carotenoids such as astaxanthin, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, You may use in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid; omega-6 fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid.
- Example 1 A solution A was obtained by dissolving 3.0 g of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium in 1.2 L of water. Further, 30 g of L-ascorbic acid, 120 g of water, and 2.5 g of 2N hydrochloric acid were mixed and the temperature was set to 12 ° C. to obtain a solution B. Solution A was added to Solution B with stirring over 2 hours to obtain a mixture. The pH of the mixed solution at this time was 2.96. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C. for 18 hours. This was mixed with 2.5 g of 2N hydrochloric acid and further stirred for 1 hour.
- Crystals precipitated in the mixed solution were filtered through a Buchner funnel and washed with 5 mL of 2N hydrochloric acid and 8 mL of 50% ethanol water. Thereafter, the obtained crystals were dried at room temperature under reduced pressure for 20 hours to obtain 3.35 g of ocherous water-containing crystals.
- FIG. 2 shows the result of the powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained solid.
- the crystals showed 2 ⁇ peaks at 10.11, 13.62, 14.92, and 28.04 °.
- Example 2 The crystals obtained by the same operation as in Example 1 were dried at 70 ° C. under reduced pressure for 20 hours. The crystals changed to slightly greenish yellow crystals.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained crystal.
- the crystals showed 2 ⁇ peaks at 6.85, 10.49, 11.02, 16.18, 23.57, and 25.36 °.
- Example 3 Stirring Crystallization A solution A was obtained by dissolving 3.0 g of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium in 1.2 L of water. Further, 30 g of L-ascorbic acid and 120 g of water were mixed and the temperature was set to 18 ° C. to obtain a solution B. Solution A was added to Solution B with stirring over 2 hours to obtain a mixture. The pH of the mixed solution at this time was 3.1. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C. for 18 hours. Crystals precipitated in the mixed solution were filtered with a Buchner funnel and washed with 8 mL of 50% ethanol water. Thereafter, the obtained crystals were dried under reduced pressure at room temperature for 20 hours to obtain 3.87 g of ocherous water-containing crystals.
- the powder X-ray diffraction measurement results are shown in FIG. It was a substance showing a 2 ⁇ peak at 5.21, 9.62, 14.84, 19.97, 26.52 °. It was found that the obtained crystal was different from the crystal of the example and had a small peak intensity and low crystallinity. Moreover, since the used organic solvent (acetonitrile) may remain
- Example 3 Except that the mixed solution was allowed to stand at 20 ° C. for 18 hours, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 3.35 g of a gel-like red-black solid.
- Example 6 Except that the mixed solution was allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 18 hours, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 3.0 g of a gel-like red-black solid.
- Example 1 [Analysis of metal ions for reduced PQQ]
- the crystals obtained in Example 1, Example 3, and Comparative Example 1 were dissolved in an aqueous choline hydride solution.
- the Na ion concentration in this solution was analyzed using a sodium ion electrode manufactured by Horiba.
- each solution had a sodium content of 1/300 or less as compared with pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium used as a raw material. Thereby, it was found that the obtained crystal contained a considerable amount of free reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone.
- Example 4 40 mg of the crystals obtained in Example 1 were added to 2 mL of ethanol, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes or more, the precipitate was centrifuged, the supernatant was diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide, and the concentration was analyzed by absorbance at 330 nm. As a result, it was 8.5 mg / ML, and the solubility was excellent.
- Example 5 40 mg of the crystals obtained in Example 2 were added to 2 mL of ethanol, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes or more, the precipitate was centrifuged, the supernatant was diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide, and the concentration was analyzed by absorbance at 330 nm. As a result, it was 3.2 mg / ML and was excellent in solubility.
- Comparative Example 9 40 mg of the crystals obtained in Comparative Example 1 were added to 2 mL of ethanol, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes or more, the precipitate was centrifuged, the supernatant was diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide, and the concentration was analyzed by absorbance at 330 nm. The result was 1.4 mg / ML. It was found that the crystals of Examples 1 and 2 were much more soluble.
- Example 6 20 mg of the crystals obtained in Example 1 were added to 2 mL of ethanol, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. When it was allowed to stand at 20 ° C. for 2 hours, it changed to an orange gelled product. Although it was allowed to stand for 3 hours, it was a uniform solution with no difference between the top and bottom of the solution.
- This gelled product is a gel formed by reducing the reduced PQQ crystal of the present invention into a fiber and enclosing alcohol in a net made of fiber. When 20 ⁇ L of this gelled product was added to 1 mL of water, a uniform yellow dispersion was formed.
- Comparative Example 10 20 mg of the solid obtained in Comparative Example 1 was added to 2 mL of ethanol, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. When left at 20 ° C. for 2 hours, a black solid settled and the solution was slightly colored yellow. There was a difference between the top and bottom of the solution, and it was necessary to operate with stirring in order to supply a solution having a uniform concentration. When 20 ⁇ L of the ethanol mixture was added to 1 mL of water, a liquid in which a black solid precipitated was formed. The crystals obtained in Example 1 were found to have very high dispersibility.
- Example 7 30 mg of the crystals obtained in Example 1 were added to 1 mL of water, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes or more, the precipitate was centrifuged, the supernatant was diluted with water, and the absorbance at 310 nm was analyzed, and it was 0.13 mg / mL.
- Example 8 30 mg of the crystals obtained in Example 2 were added to 1 mL of water, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes or more, the precipitate was centrifuged, the supernatant was diluted with water, and the absorbance at 310 nm was analyzed, and it was 0.14 mg / mL.
- Comparative Example 11 30 mg of the solid obtained in Comparative Example 1 was added to 1 mL of water, and sonication was performed for 1 minute. After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes or more, the precipitate was centrifuged, the supernatant was diluted with water, and the absorbance at 310 nm was analyzed. As a result, it was 0.019 mg / mL. From this, it was found that the crystals of Examples 1 and 2 were excellent in solubility.
- Example 9 0.2 g of the crystals obtained in Example 1 were mixed with 1 mL of water. After 1 hour at room temperature, a uniform yellow dispersion was obtained. It was a yellow dispersion even after 2 days at room temperature.
- Comparative Example 12 0.2 g of the solid obtained in Comparative Example 1 was mixed with 1 mL of water. After 1 hour at room temperature, a black solid settled out.
- Comparative Example 13 0.2 g of the crystals obtained in Comparative Example 2 were mixed with 1 mL of water. After 1 hour at room temperature, a deep red dispersion was formed. After 2 days at room temperature, a black precipitate was formed and the liquid was uneven.
- the crystal of the present invention can maintain a yellow color. Also, the dispersibility was excellent.
- Example 10 10% yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal-containing composition (using water) 0.1 g of the ocherous water-containing crystals obtained in Example 1, 0.9 g of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and 50 g of water were mixed. Subsequently, it dried under reduced pressure with the evaporator and water was removed from the obtained solution, and 1 g of red composition was obtained. The bath temperature was 40 ° C. and the final pressure was 12 mbar.
- Example 11 10% yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal-containing composition (using ethanol water) 0.1 g of the ocherous water-containing crystals obtained in Example 1, 70 g of ethanol, 0.9 g of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and a solution of 20 g of water were mixed. Subsequently, it dried under reduced pressure with the evaporator and water was removed from the obtained solution, and 1 g of red composition was obtained. The bath temperature was 40 ° C. and the final pressure was 12 mbar.
- Example 12 10% yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal-containing composition (using ethanol) 0.1 g of the ocherous water-containing crystals obtained in Example 1, 80 g of ethanol, and 0.9 g of ⁇ -cyclodextrin were mixed. Subsequently, it dried under reduced pressure with the evaporator and removed water from the obtained solution, and obtained 1-g brown composition. The bath temperature was 40 ° C. and the final pressure was 12 mbar.
- Example 13 5% yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal-containing composition (using ethanol) 0.05 g of water-containing ocherous crystals obtained in Example 1, 80 g of ethanol, and 0.95 g of ⁇ -cyclodextrin were mixed. Subsequently, it dried under reduced pressure with the evaporator and removed water from the obtained solution, and obtained 1-g brown composition. The bath temperature was 40 ° C. and the final pressure was 12 mbar.
- Example 14 Composition containing saturated yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystals (using water) To 1 mL of 20% cyclodextrin aqueous solution, 30 mg of the ocherous water-containing crystals obtained in Example 1 was added, and sonication was performed for 2 minutes. The obtained solution was subjected to a centrifugal separator to remove insoluble solids, and a saturated yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal-containing composition was obtained.
- composition of the present invention has high stability and improved solubility of yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystals.
- Powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the compositions of Example 10 and Example 12 and ⁇ -cyclodextrin. The conditions for the powder X-ray diffraction measurement are shown below. Apparatus: RINT2500 manufactured by Rigaku Corporation X-ray: Cu-K ⁇ / tube voltage 40 kV / tube current 100 mA Scan speed: 4.000 ° / min Sampling width: 0.020 °
- Example 14 The composition of Example 14 and the composition of Comparative Example 14 were dissolved in heavy water, and H-NMR was measured on the basis of trimethylsilylpropanoic acid.
- the yellow reduced pyrroloquinoline quinone crystal of the present invention has industrial applicability in the fields of medicine, functional food, feed, cosmetics and the like.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕
水に対する溶解度が0.040~0.20(mg/mL)である、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶。
〔2〕
Cu-Kαを用いた粉末X線回折において、6.85±0.4°,10.49±0.4°,11.02±0.4°,16.18±0.4°,23.57±0.4°,及び25.36±0.4°に2θピークを示す、前項〔1〕に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶。
〔3〕
フリー体の還元型ピロロキノリンキノンを含む、前項〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶。
〔4〕
前項〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶を含む、食品。
〔5〕
前項〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶を含む、医薬品。
〔6〕
前項〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、エタノールと、を含む、ゲル。
〔7〕
前項〔6〕に記載のゲルを含む、食品。
〔8〕
前項〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、シクロデキストリンと、を含む組成物。
〔9〕
前記シクロデキストリンが、γ―シクロデキストリンを含む、前項〔8〕に記載の組成物。
〔10〕
前記シクロデキストリンの含有量が、前記黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶1質量部に対して、1~2000質量部である、前項〔8〕又は〔9〕に記載の組成物。
〔11〕
水をさらに含む、前項〔8〕~〔10〕のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
〔12〕
前項〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、シクロデキストリンと、エタノール及び/又は水と、を含む溶液から、前記エタノール及び/又は前記水を除去する工程を有する、組成物の製造方法。
〔13〕
ピロロキノリンキノン及び/又は該ピロロキノリンキノンの塩と、還元剤と、を含む混合液を、25℃未満で、10時間以上撹拌する撹拌工程を有する、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
〔14〕
前記還元剤が、アスコルビン酸を含む、前項〔13〕に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
〔15〕
前記混合液のpHが、1.5~3.5である、前項〔13〕又は〔14〕に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
〔16〕
前記混合液中の、前記ピロロキノリンキノン及び該ピロロキノリンキノンの塩の合計含有量が、0.0010~30g/Lである、前項〔13〕~〔15〕いずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
〔17〕
前記混合液中の、前記還元剤の含有量が、0.10~500g/Lである、前項〔13〕~〔16〕いずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
本実施形態の還元型ピロロキノリンキノンの結晶は、水に対する溶解度が0.040~0.20(mg/mL)であり、黄色系結晶である。還元型ピロロキノリンキノンは、下記式(1)で表される。
本実施形態の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法は、ピロロキノリンキノン及び/又は該ピロロキノリンキノンの塩と、還元剤と、を含む混合液を、25℃未満で、10時間以上撹拌する撹拌工程を有する。このような製造方法であれば、従来のような再結晶工程を省略しても、黄色の結晶を得ることができ、精製工程がより簡略化でき、簡便な製造方法となる。
ピロロキノリンキノン及び/又は該ピロロキノリンキノンの塩としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、下記式(2)で表される(フリー体の)ピロロキノリンキノンやピロロキノリンキノンの塩が挙げられる。
還元剤としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、アスコルビン酸が挙げられ、このなかでも、L-アスコルビン酸が好ましい。アスコルビン酸を用いることによりコスト競争力がより向上する傾向にある。アスコルビン酸としては、市販品を用いても、公知の方法により製造して用いてもよい。還元剤は、水又はアルコールに溶解して溶液の状態で用いることができ、このなかでも水溶液の状態で用いることが好ましい。
撹拌温度は、25℃未満であり、好ましくは0℃~25℃未満であり、より好ましくは0℃~20℃以下である。撹拌温度が25℃未満であることにより、得られる結晶の結晶性が向上し、結晶の色は黄色となり、結晶の溶解性が向上する。黄色系の結晶は比較的に被混合物を着色しにくいため、使用用途の制限がされにくい。また、撹拌温度が0℃以上であることにより、結晶の製造効率がより向上する傾向にある。なお、同じ還元剤を使用しても反応温度が異なる場合、得られるピロロキノリンキノンの結晶構造が変わり得る。特に撹拌温度が25℃以上である場合、得られる結晶の結晶性が低下し、結晶の色は黒に近くなる。結晶の色が黒に近いと、使用用途が限定されうる。
撹拌時間は、10時間以上であり、好ましくは10時間以上1週間以内であり、より好ましくは15時間以上5日以内である。撹拌時間が10時間以上であることにより、得られる結晶の結晶性がより向上する。また、撹拌時間が1週間以内であることにより、結晶製造効率がより向上する。
撹拌方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、振とうインキュベーター、マグネチックスターラー等を用いて行うことができる。攪拌することにより、結晶化速度、及び、得られる結晶の結晶性が向上し、結晶の色は黄色となり、結晶の溶解性が向上する。黄色系の結晶は比較的に被混合物を着色しにくいため、使用用途の制限がされにくい。なお、撹拌をしない場合、得られる結晶の結晶性が向上しにくく、黒色の結晶が得られる。
混合液のpHは、好ましくは1.5~3.5であり、より好ましくは1.7~3.2である。混合液のpHが1.5以上であることにより、黒色系結晶の生成が抑制され、黄色系結晶が効率よく得られる傾向にある。また、混合液のpHが3.5以下であることにより、還元安定性がより向上する傾向にある。なお、混合液のpHは、撹拌工程全体にわたって上記範囲である必要はなく、ピロロキノリンキノン及び/又は該ピロロキノリンキノンの塩と、還元剤と、をすべて混合して混合液を調製した時点において、少なくとも上記範囲内であることが好ましい。また、混合液のpHは、撹拌の初期、中期、及び終期のいずれで調整してもよい。
本実施形態の組成物は、上記黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、シクロデキストリンと、を含む。組成物中において、シクロデキストリンが黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶を包接することによって黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の溶解性がより向上する傾向にある。
シクロデキストリンとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、α-シクロデキストリン、β-シクロデキストリン、γ-シクロデキストリンが挙げられる。このなかでも、γ―シクロデキストリンが好ましい。このようなシクロデキストリンを用いることにより、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の溶解性がより向上する傾向にある。
組成物は、水をさらに含んでもよい。水の含有量は、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶100質量部に対して、好ましくは0~50質量部であり、より好ましくは0~30質量部であり、さらに好ましくは2~20質量部である。水の含有量が2質量部以上であることにより、結晶性がより向上する傾向にある。また、水の含有量が50質量部以下であることにより、安定性がより向上する傾向にある。
組成物は、エタノールをさらに含んでもよい。エタノールの含有量は、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶100質量部に対して、好ましくは0~200質量部であり、より好ましくは0~100質量部であり、さらに好ましくは5~50質量部である。エタノールの含有量が5質量部以上であることにより、抗菌性がより向上する傾向にある。また、エタノールの含有量が200質量部以下であることにより、安定性がより向上する傾向にある。
組成物は、その他の添加材をさらに含んでもよい。その他の添加材としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、乳化剤、緊張化剤、緩衝剤、溶解補助剤、矯臭剤、防腐剤、安定化剤、抗酸化剤などが挙げられる。
本実施形態の組成物の製造方法は、上記黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、シクロデキストリンと、エタノール及び/又は水と、を含む溶液から、エタノール及び/又は水を除去する工程を有する。このように、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、シクロデキストリンと、エタノール及び/又は水と、を含む溶液を調製し、湿式混合することにより、シクロデキストリンが黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶を包接しやすい状態を作ることができる。
本実施形態のゲルは、上記黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、エタノールと、を含む。黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶は、ゲル化剤を使用することなく、ゲル化することができ、分散性の高いゲルを得ることができる。そのため、ゲル化状態の製品用途に好適に用いることができる。
ゲルの製造方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、エタノールと、を混合して、撹拌または超音波処理をすることによりゲルを得る方法が挙げられる。
本実施形態の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶、該結晶を含む組成物、及びゲルは、ヒト用または動物用の、食品、飼料、医薬品、医薬部外品、及び化粧品等の有効成分とすることができる。
本実施形態の食品は、上記黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶、又は、上記ゲルを含む。食品としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、日常食する飲食物、各種病院食、機能性食品、飼料等が挙げられる。ここでいう機能性食品とは、健康食品、栄養補助食品、栄養機能食品、栄養保険食品等、健康の維持あるいは食事にかわり栄養補給の目的で摂取する食品を意味する。具体的な形態としてはカプセル剤、タブレット、チュアブル、錠剤、ドリンク剤等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本実施形態の医薬品又は医薬部外品は、上記黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶を含む。医薬品又は医薬部外品としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、皮膚外用剤、注射剤、経口剤、坐剤等が挙げられる。
ピロロキノリンキノンジナトリウム:三菱瓦斯化学社製(商品名:バイオPQQ)
L-アスコルビン酸:和光純薬製
実施例及び比較例で得られた結晶を取り出し、単結晶X線構造解析装置を用いて下記の条件にて、粉末X線回折による単結晶X線構造解析を行った。
(測定条件)
装置 :株式会社RIGAKU製RINT2500
X線 :Cu-Kα/管電圧40kV/管電流100mA
スキャンスピード:4.000°/min
サンプリング幅 :0.020°
ピロロキノリンキノンジナトリウム3.0gを水1.2Lに溶かして溶液Aを得た。また、L-アスコルビン酸30gと水120gと2N塩酸2.5gとを混合し、温度を12℃にして、溶液Bを得た。溶液Bに、溶液Aを2時間かけて攪拌しながら加え、混合液を得た。このときの混合液のpHは2.96であった。その後、混合液を20℃で18時間攪拌した。これに、2N塩酸2.5gを混合し、さらに1時間攪拌した。混合液中に析出した結晶をブフナーロートで濾過し、2N塩酸5mL、50%エタノール水8mLで洗浄した。その後、得られた結晶に対し、室温で減圧乾燥を20時間行い、黄土色の含水結晶3.35gを得た。
実施例1と同様にして溶液Bに、溶液Aを添加した後、70℃で2時間攪拌した。攪拌後、結晶が析出した混合液に、塩酸を加えてpHを1以下にした。混合液中に析出した結晶をブフナーロートで濾過し、2N塩酸5mL、50%エタノール水8mLで洗浄した。その後、得られた結晶に対し、70℃で減圧乾燥を18時間行い、黒色固体2.6gを得た。
実施例1と同様の操作で得た結晶に対し、70℃で減圧乾燥を20時間行った。結晶はやや緑がかった黄色い結晶に変化した。
ピロロキノリンキノンジナトリウム3.0gを水1.2Lに溶かして溶液Aを得た。また、L-アスコルビン酸30gと水120gとを混合し、温度を18℃にして、溶液Bを得た。溶液Bに、溶液Aを2時間かけて攪拌しながら加え、混合液を得た。このときの混合液のpHは3.1であった。その後、混合液を20℃で18時間攪拌した。混合液中に析出した結晶をブフナーロートで濾過し、50%エタノール水8mLで洗浄した。その後、得られた結晶に対し、室温で減圧乾燥を20時間行い、黄土色の含水結晶3.87g得た。
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 59, 1911-1914 (1986)の条件で再結晶した。ジメチルスルホキシド7gに実施例で得られた結晶1gを溶解させ、アセトニトリル200mL加えた。析出した黄色い結晶を濾過した後、減圧乾燥し黄土色の固体0.85g得た。
混合液を20℃で18時間静置したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ゲル状の赤黒い固体3.35gを得た。
混合液を20℃で72時間静置したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、黒色の固体3.2gを得た。
混合液を25℃で18時間攪拌したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、黒色の固体2.9gを得た。
混合液を25℃で18時間静置したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ゲル状の赤黒い固体3.0gを得た。
混合液を30℃で18時間攪拌したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、赤茶色の固体3.0gを得た。
混合液を30℃で18時間静置したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、赤茶色の固体3.0gを得た。
JEOL製500MHz NMR,JNM-ECA500スペクトルメーターを使用し、実施例1、実施例3、及び比較例1で得られた結晶の13C-NMRスペクトルを室温で測定した。その結果、すべての結晶で105.7,111.0,119.4,122.9,123.6,128.1,131.3,134.2,137.8,140.9,142.6,162.2,165.5,170.1ppm(ジメチルスルホキシド-d6:39.5ppm基準)にピークが見られた。
実施例1、実施例3、及び比較例1で得られた結晶を、コリンハイドキサイド水溶液に溶解した。この溶液中のNaイオン濃度を、堀場製ナトリウムイオン電極を使用して分析した。その結果、各々の溶液において、原料として用いたピロロキノリンキノンジナトリウムと比較して、ナトリウム含有量が1/300以下となっていた。これにより、得られた結晶は、フリー体の還元型ピロロキノリンキノンを相当量含むことが分かった。
〔実施例4〕
実施例1で得られた結晶40mgをエタノール2mLに加え、超音波処理を1分間行った。30分以上室温においた後、沈殿物を遠心して上澄みをジメチルスルホキシドで希釈して330nmの吸光度で濃度を分析したところ、8.5mg/MLであり、溶解性に優れていた。
実施例2で得られた結晶40mgをエタノール2mLに加え、超音波処理を1分間行った。30分以上室温においた後、沈殿物を遠心して上澄みをジメチルスルホキシドで希釈して330nmの吸光度で濃度を分析したところ、3.2mg/MLであり、溶解性に優れていた。
比較例1で得られた結晶40mgをエタノール2mLに加え、超音波処理を1分間行った。30分以上室温においた後、沈殿物を遠心して上澄みをジメチルスルホキシドで希釈して330nmの吸光度で濃度を分析したところ、1.4mg/MLであった。実施例1及び2の結晶がはるかに溶解性に優れていることが分かった。
〔実施例6〕
実施例1で得られた結晶20mgをエタノール2mLに加え、超音波処理を1分行った。20℃に2時間放置するとオレンジのゲル化物に変化していた。3時間放置したが、溶液の上下で差がなく均一な溶液であった。このゲル化物は本発明の還元型PQQ結晶が繊維状に変化してアルコールを繊維でできた網の中に封じ込めてできたゲルである。このゲル化物20μLを水1mLに加えると均一な黄色い分散液ができた。
比較例1で得られた固体20mgをエタノール2mLに加え、超音波処理を1分行った。20℃に2時間放置すると黒色の固体が沈降し溶液にわずかに黄色く着色していた。溶液の上下で差があり、濃度が均一な溶液として供給するには攪拌しながら操作する必要があった。エタノール混合物20μLを水1mLに加えると黒色の固体が沈降する液ができた。実施例1で得られた結晶が、分散性の非常に高いことが分かった。
〔実施例7〕
実施例1で得られた結晶30mgを水1mLに加え、超音波処理を1分間行った。30分以上室温においた後、沈殿物を遠心して上澄みを水で希釈して310nmの吸光度を分析したところ、0.13mg/mLであった。
実施例2で得られた結晶30mgを水1mLに加え、超音波処理を1分間行った。30分以上室温においた後、沈殿物を遠心して上澄みを水で希釈して310nmの吸光度を分析したところ、0.14mg/mLであった。
比較例1で得られた固体30mgを水1mLに加え、超音波処理を1分間行った。30分以上室温においた後、沈殿物を遠心して上澄みを水で希釈して310nmの吸光度を分析したところ、0.019mg/mLであった。これより実施例1及び2の結晶は溶解性に優れていることがわかった。
〔実施例9〕
実施例1で得た結晶0.2gを水1mLと混合した。室温で1時間後、均一な黄色い分散液ができた。2日室温においた後も黄色い分散液であった。
比較例1で得た固体0.2gを水1mLと混合した。室温で1時間後、黒い固体が沈降した液ができた。
比較例2で得た結晶0.2gを水1mLと混合した。室温で1時間後、濃い赤色の分散液ができた。2日室温においた後は黒色の沈殿物が生じ不均一な液であった。
〔実施例10〕 10%黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶含有組成物(水使用)
実施例1で得られた黄土色の含水結晶0.1gと、γ-シクロデキストリン0.9gと、水50gと、を混合した。次いで、エバポレーターにより減圧乾燥し、得られた溶液から水を除去して、1gの赤い組成物を得た。なお、バス温度は40℃とし、最終圧力は12mbarであった。
実施例1で得られた黄土色の含水結晶0.1gと、エタノール70gと、γ-シクロデキストリン0.9gと、水20g溶液と、を混合した。次いで、エバポレーターにより減圧乾燥し、得られた溶液から水を除去して、1gの赤い組成物を得た。なお、バス温度は40℃とし、最終圧力は12mbarであった。
実施例1で得られた黄土色の含水結晶0.1gと、エタノール80gと、γ-シクロデキストリン0.9gと、を混合した。次いで、エバポレーターにより減圧乾燥し、得られた溶液から水を除去して、1gの茶色組成物を得た。なお、バス温度は40℃とし、最終圧力は12mbarであった。
実施例1で得られた黄土色の含水結晶0.05gと、エタノール80gと、γ-シクロデキストリン0.95gと、を混合した。次いで、エバポレーターにより減圧乾燥し、得られた溶液から水を除去して、1gの茶色組成物を得た。なお、バス温度は40℃とし、最終圧力は12mbarであった。
20%シクロデキストリン水溶液1mLに、実施例1で得られた黄土色の含水結晶30mgを加え、超音波処理を2分行った。得られた溶液を遠心分離器にかけ、溶解しない固形分を除去し、飽和黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶含有組成物を得た。
水1mLに、実施例1で得られた黄土色の含水結晶30mgを加え、超音波処理を2分行った。得られた溶液を遠心分離器にかけ、溶解しない固形分を除去し、飽和黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶含有水溶液を得た。
実施例11、13、14、比較例14で得られた組成物30mgを、それぞれ水1mLに加え、超音波処理を2分行った。その後、得られた溶液を遠心分離して、上澄みを水で希釈してUV測定を行った。その結果を以下の表1に示す。
また、飽和溶解度測定で得られた上澄み液を室温で1日静置して様子を観察した。上記の実験に使用した水溶液は1日後も沈殿は見られなかった。
実施例10及び実施例12の組成物、並びに、γ-シクロデキストリンに対して粉末X線回折測定を行った。粉末X線回折測定の条件は以下に示す。
装置 :株式会社RIGAKU製RINT2500
X線 :Cu-Kα/管電圧40kV/管電流100mA
スキャンスピード:4.000°/min
サンプリング幅 :0.020°
実施例14の組成物、比較例14の組成物を重水に溶かし、トリメチルシリルプロパン酸基準でH-NMRを測定した。
Claims (17)
- 水に対する溶解度が0.040~0.20(mg/mL)である、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶。
- Cu-Kαを用いた粉末X線回折において、6.85±0.4°,10.49±0.4°,11.02±0.4°,16.18±0.4°,23.57±0.4°,及び25.36±0.4°に2θピークを示す、請求項1に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶。
- フリー体の還元型ピロロキノリンキノンを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶を含む、食品。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶を含む、医薬品。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、エタノールと、を含む、ゲル。
- 請求項6に記載のゲルを含む、食品。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、シクロデキストリンと、を含む組成物。
- 前記シクロデキストリンが、γ―シクロデキストリンを含む、請求項8に記載の組成物
- 前記シクロデキストリンの含有量が、前記黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶1質量部に対して、1~2000質量部である、請求項8又は9に記載の組成物。
- 水をさらに含む、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶と、シクロデキストリンと、エタノール及び/又は水と、を含む溶液から、前記エタノール及び/又は前記水を除去する工程を有する、組成物の製造方法。
- ピロロキノリンキノン及び/又は該ピロロキノリンキノンの塩と、還元剤と、を含む混合液を、25℃未満で、10時間以上撹拌する撹拌工程を有する、黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
- 前記還元剤が、アスコルビン酸を含む、請求項13に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
- 前記混合液のpHが、1.5~3.5である、請求項13又は14に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
- 前記混合液中の、前記ピロロキノリンキノン及び該ピロロキノリンキノンの塩の合計含有量が、0.0010~30g/Lである、請求項13~15いずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
- 前記混合液中の、前記還元剤の含有量が、0.10~500g/Lである、請求項13~16いずれか1項に記載の黄色系還元型ピロロキノリンキノン結晶の製造方法。
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JPWO2019082549A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-25 | 2020-11-12 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ピロロキノリンキノンの可溶化促進剤、それを含む組成物及び可溶化促進方法 |
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