WO2014171366A1 - 排ガス処理装置、船舶及び排ガス処理方法 - Google Patents
排ガス処理装置、船舶及び排ガス処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014171366A1 WO2014171366A1 PCT/JP2014/060177 JP2014060177W WO2014171366A1 WO 2014171366 A1 WO2014171366 A1 WO 2014171366A1 JP 2014060177 W JP2014060177 W JP 2014060177W WO 2014171366 A1 WO2014171366 A1 WO 2014171366A1
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- exhaust gas
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- scrubber
- scrubbers
- seawater
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/346—Controlling the process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/32—Arrangements of propulsion power-unit exhaust uptakes; Funnels peculiar to vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
- B01D2252/103—Water
- B01D2252/1035—Sea water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas processing device, a ship, and an exhaust gas processing method for removing harmful substances (mainly sulfur oxides (SO x )) in exhaust gas.
- harmful substances mainly sulfur oxides (SO x )
- An exhaust gas treatment apparatus using a cyclone scrubber is known as a removal apparatus for removing harmful substances such as SO x , nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM: Particulate Matter) in exhaust gas (
- a removal apparatus for removing harmful substances such as SO x , nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM: Particulate Matter) in exhaust gas
- SO x sulfur oxides
- NO x nitrogen oxides
- PM particulate Matter
- the slower the vertical gas flow rate the higher the removal rate of harmful substances in the exhaust gas.
- the cyclone scrubber needs to design the equipment so that it can process the maximum flow rate of the expected exhaust gas.
- the amount of exhaust gas treated by the cyclone scrubber changes according to the load fluctuation of the exhaust gas generator. For example, when the load on the exhaust gas generator decreases and the amount of exhaust gas to be treated decreases, spraying the absorption liquid with an amount that can handle the maximum flow rate with the cyclone scrubber will result in excess capacity and waste cost and power costs of the absorption liquid. become. Therefore, in the cyclone scrubber, it is desirable to change the amount of absorbing liquid according to the load fluctuation.
- the number of spray nozzles for injecting the absorbing liquid does not change, so if the amount of absorbing liquid is reduced, the injection pressure decreases and the spray properties deteriorate. Therefore, in the cyclone scrubber, regardless of the increase or decrease in the amount of exhaust gas to be treated, it is necessary to configure so as to maintain the spray property properly.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and provides an exhaust gas treating apparatus, a ship, and an exhaust gas treating method capable of treating a large flow rate of exhaust gas while restricting the diameter per scrubber.
- the purpose is
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment apparatus which performs gas absorption by bringing a gas and a liquid into contact with each other, an absorption tower main body in which an internal space is formed, and a spray apparatus for spraying liquid in a predetermined region in the vertical direction of the internal space;
- a plurality of scrubbers including a gas supply device for introducing a gas into the absorber body, and a plurality of first branch devices branched from a pipe for supplying the liquid to the exhaust gas treatment device and connected to the spray devices of the respective scrubbers And a plurality of second flow paths that are branched from a pipe that supplies the gas to the exhaust gas processing device and are connected to the gas supply device of each scrubber.
- a plurality of scrubbers can be installed, and the exhaust gas to be treated can be separately supplied to the plurality of scrubbers, and while the diameter per scrubber is set to a predetermined value or less It is possible to increase the removal rate of harmful substances in exhaust gas. Moreover, since the diameter per scrubber can be made equal to or less than a certain value, it is possible to suppress the scattering of the absorbing liquid.
- the scrubber in the exhaust gas processing apparatus can be separately installed, the exhaust gas processing apparatus can be installed, for example, in a place having a limited installation space such as in an engine room or a deck of a ship. It becomes possible to improve installation.
- an on-off valve is provided in the first flow path and the second flow path, and a control device that controls the opening and closing of the on-off valve is provided.
- the liquid supplied to the sprayer of the scrubber and the gas introduced to the scrubber can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the on-off valve. It is possible to change the number of scrubbers operated. That is, since the number of operating scrubbers can be adjusted according to the amount of exhaust gas to be processed, energy saving operation can be performed without unnecessary operation.
- control device controls the number of operating the scrubbers by controlling the opening and closing of the on-off valve based on a load command of an engine.
- control device is controlled to operate a predetermined number of the scrubbers in accordance with a load factor or an exhaust gas processing amount of the engine.
- control device controls the spray amount of the liquid in the plurality of the scrubbers in accordance with the load factor of the engine or the exhaust gas processing amount.
- the plurality of scrubbers be cyclone scrubbers and the diameter of each cyclone scrubber be equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the absorption tower main body has a peripheral wall portion, a liquid return member is provided on the peripheral wall portion, and the liquid return member protrudes annularly from the peripheral wall portion toward the central axis A folded back surface portion, a bent piece folded back downward from the tip on the central axis side of the folded back surface portion, a liquid reservoir wall projected upward to form a liquid reservoir portion from the tip of the folded back surface portion, the liquid It is preferable to have the through-hole which drops the liquid which accumulated in the accumulation part.
- the through hole be provided at a position where the gas flow velocity is lower than in the vicinity of the peripheral wall portion.
- the gas is an exhaust gas
- the liquid is seawater
- a seawater tank for storing the seawater in contact with the exhaust gas as circulating seawater
- the seawater tank supplies the spray apparatus to the spray apparatus.
- an alkaline pump for supplying an alkaline agent to the circulating seawater.
- the ship of the present invention is characterized by including any of the above-described exhaust gas processing devices.
- a plurality of the above-mentioned steps are provided based on the steps of dividing the plurality of scrubbers to supply the gas, dividing the plurality of scrubbers and supplying the liquid, and load command of the engine.
- the method further comprises the steps of: controlling the operation of the scrubber; and removing harmful substances from the gas by contacting the gas and the liquid respectively supplied to the plurality of scrubbers.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic top view of the scrubber
- FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the scrubber.
- FIG. 2A shows the structure of the waste gas processing apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an exhaust gas processing system centering on a scrubber according to the present embodiment.
- a system for removing sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) contained in exhaust gas discharged from an engine used on a ship is considered.
- SO 2 sulfur dioxide
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the exhaust gas treatment system according to the present embodiment is applicable to the treatment of various exhaust gases including substances such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.
- the exhaust gas treatment system comprises a scrubber 10 to which exhaust gas is supplied from an engine 20, a seawater pump unit 30 provided with a seawater pressurization pump and a seawater withdrawal pump, a drainage tank 40, and filtration for filtering drainage. And the unit 50.
- Exhaust gas discharged from the engine 20 is introduced into the scrubber 10.
- This exhaust gas contains 50 to 1,500 ppm of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). While the exhaust gas ascends in the scrubber 10, the seawater introduced into the scrubber 10 through the seawater pump unit 30 is sprayed to bring it into gas-liquid contact.
- SO 2 sulfur dioxide
- the exhaust gas from which sulfur dioxide has been removed in this manner is exhausted from the top of the scrubber 10 to the atmosphere.
- the seawater sprayed into the scrubber 10 falls by its own weight along the inner wall surface of the scrubber 10 and is stored in a reservoir below the scrubber 10.
- the stored seawater is drained to the drainage tank 40 via the seawater pump unit 30, and then filtered by the filter unit 50 and drained to the ocean.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic top view of the scrubber 10 according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the scrubber 10.
- the scrubber 10 sprays the liquid in a mist state in a predetermined region in the vertical direction of the internal space of the absorption tower main body 11 in which the internal space is formed in the vertical direction and the absorption tower main body 11 (spraying ),
- a gas supply device 13 for introducing a gas into the absorption tower main body 11 from a lower position than a region where the spray device 12 sprays liquid, and an upper position than a region where the spray device 12 sprays liquid.
- the spray device 12 is connected to the seawater pump unit 30 shown in FIG. 1, and the gas supply device 13 is connected to the engine 20 shown in FIG.
- the absorption tower main body 11 is configured of a cylindrical peripheral wall portion 11 a and a circular bottom wall portion 11 b.
- the peripheral wall portion 11a is configured to have the same diameter in all parts.
- the upper end portion of the peripheral wall portion 11a is open, and an opening 11c is formed.
- the absorption tower main body 11 has a cylindrical shape, but the shape of the absorption tower main body 11 is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a rectangular cylindrical shape.
- the spray device 12 is installed on the central axis of the absorber body 11.
- the spray device 12 is inserted into the absorption tower main body 11 from the outside of the absorption tower main body 11, and is connected to the water supply pipe 12a extending to the center position of the absorption tower main body 11 and the insertion end of the water supply pipe 12a.
- a water conduit 12b as a main pipe extending to a predetermined region in the vertical direction of the internal space of the main body 11, a branch pipe 12c connected to the water conduit 12b and extending toward the peripheral wall portion 11a of the absorption tower main body 11, each branch And a spray nozzle 12d provided at the tip of the pipe 12c and spraying the liquid supplied from the branch pipe 12c into a predetermined range.
- the spray nozzles 12d are attached such that the angle between the spray nozzle 12d and the center line of the spray area of the spray nozzle 12d is acute with the longitudinal direction of the branch pipe 12c, as described later in detail.
- the branch pipes 12c arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction cross each other so that the branch pipes 12c adjacent in the vertical direction are orthogonal to each other.
- the arrangement of the branch pipes 12c with respect to the water conduit 12b is not limited to this.
- four branch pipes 12c may be arranged at every 90 degrees on the same circumference of the water conduit 12b.
- the material of the spray nozzle 12d is preferably an austenitic stainless steel in order to obtain corrosion resistance when seawater is used as the absorbing solution.
- the gas supply device 13 is provided such that the gas ejection direction is along the tangential direction of the peripheral wall portion 11 a of the absorption tower main body 11. Therefore, the exhaust gas introduced from the gas supply device 13 is injected horizontally along the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall portion 11a.
- the arrangement position of the gas supply device 13 is not restricted below the area
- the liquid return member 14 has a folded surface portion 14a annularly projecting from the peripheral wall portion 11a of the absorption tower main body 11 toward the central axis, a folded piece 14b folded downward from the tip on the central axis side of the folded surface portion 14a, A liquid reservoir wall 14d is projected upward to form a liquid reservoir 14c from the tip of the surface portion 14a, and a through hole 14e for dropping the liquid collected in the liquid reservoir 14c.
- the region on the central axis side surrounded by the bent pieces 14b of the liquid return member 14 and the liquid accumulation wall 14d attached to the absorption tower main body 11 constitutes an opening 14g (see FIG. 2B).
- the opening 14 g is configured to have an inner diameter of about 50 to 80% of the opening 11 c of the absorption tower main body 11. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the pressure loss due to attaching the liquid return member 14 to the absorption tower main body 11.
- the baffle 15 is composed of a disk portion 15 a and a leg portion 15 b connecting the disk portion 15 a and the peripheral wall portion 11 a of the absorption tower main body 11. Between the outer peripheral portion of the disk portion 15 a and the peripheral wall portion 11 a of the absorption tower main body 11, a gap for flowing a droplet is formed.
- the baffle 15 divides the inside of the absorption tower main body 11 into a region where the liquid is sprayed by the spray device 12 and a region where the liquid for draining the water outside the absorption tower main body 11 is stored. Below the baffle 15, a drainage pipe 16 for draining the liquid out of the absorber body 11 is provided below the baffle 15, a drainage pipe 16 for draining the liquid out of the absorber body 11 is provided.
- the exhaust gas treatment in the scrubber 10 configured as described above will be described.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the engine is introduced by the gas supply device 13 to a lower position than the area where the spray device 12 sprays the liquid.
- the exhaust gas ascends along the peripheral wall portion 11a and ascends in the absorption tower main body 11.
- seawater is introduced into the water conduit 12b via the water supply pipe 12a. And seawater is sprayed toward the surrounding wall part 11a of the absorption tower main body 11 from the spray nozzle 12d provided in the branch pipe 12c of multiple steps
- the exhaust gas swirling and rising inside the absorber body 11 is brought into gas-liquid contact with seawater sprayed from the spray nozzle 12 d provided in the branch pipe 12 c installed in each stage, and the sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas is absorbed and removed. Ru.
- the exhaust gas from which the sulfur dioxide has been removed is exhausted to the atmosphere from an opening 11 c provided at the top of the absorber body 11.
- the seawater in the form of droplets is pressed against the peripheral wall 11a by the centrifugal force of the swirling flow and falls by its own weight. However, part of the seawater ascends along the interior of the absorber body 11 by the swirling upward flow.
- the gas flow velocity is 0 m / s or its value in the central part of the absorption tower main body 11, and the gas flow velocity is higher in the vicinity of the peripheral wall 11a compared to the central part.
- Sea water rises along the peripheral wall 11a by centrifugal force. Do.
- the seawater which has risen along the peripheral wall portion 11a is prevented from rising by the liquid return member 14 at the lowermost stage, and stagnates on the lower surface of the folded surface portion 14a and the periphery of the folded piece 14b.
- the retained liquid exceeds a certain size, it becomes droplets and falls under its own weight.
- the gas flow velocity is higher in the vicinity of the peripheral wall portion 11a of the absorption tower main body 11 than in the central portion of the absorption tower main body 11, if the through hole 14e is provided in the vicinity of the peripheral wall portion 11a, the penetration flow is affected by the upward flow. It may happen that droplets do not fall from the holes 14e. Therefore, by providing the through hole 14e at a position away from the peripheral wall portion 11a, which has a slower gas flow velocity than in the vicinity of the peripheral wall portion 11a, the influence of the upward flow can be weakened to drop droplets from the through hole 14e. .
- the liquid return members 14 are provided in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, the rise of the seawater by the liquid return members 14 is hindered multiple times. Therefore, the situation where seawater rises and flows out from the opening 11 c of the absorber body 11 can be effectively prevented.
- the liquid return member 14 Even if the liquid return member 14 is attached to the absorption tower main body 11, the liquid return member 14 has a shape projecting annularly from the peripheral wall portion 11a of the absorption tower main body 11 toward the central axis, and on the central axis side Since the opening 14 g is formed, the pressure loss due to the attachment of the liquid return member 14 can be reduced. In addition, no clogging occurs due to the liquid return member 14, and complicated maintenance is unnecessary.
- the dropped droplets are prevented from swirling by the baffle 15 installed below the absorption tower main body 11, and then the baffle 15 and the peripheral wall 11a are connected to form the bottom wall 11b of the absorption tower main body 11 and the periphery thereof. It stores in the storage part comprised with the surrounding wall part 11a. The stored liquid is drained to the outside of the absorber body 11 through the drain pipe 16.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the exhaust gas processing system according to the present embodiment.
- the exhaust gas processing apparatus 100 is configured to include a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) scrubbers 10 (10a, 10b, 10c).
- An exhaust gas flow path (second flow path) 101a (101b, 101c) for introducing exhaust gas into the scrubber 10a (10b, 10c) is connected to the gas supply device 13 of the scrubber 10a (10b, 10c) There is.
- An open / close valve 102a (102b, 102c) for opening and closing the exhaust gas flow path 101a (101b, 101c) is provided in the middle of the exhaust gas flow path 101a (101b, 101c).
- the on-off valve 102 (102a, 102b, 102c) can be configured by a gate valve, a ball valve, a butterfly valve or the like. In particular, it is desirable that the on-off valve 102 (102a, 102b, 102c) be a butterfly valve.
- a water supply flow path (first flow path) 103a (103b, 103c) for supplying a liquid to the spray device 12 is connected to the water supply pipe 12a of the scrubber 10a (10b, 10c). Sea water is supplied from the sea water tank 106 to the water supply flow path 103 (103 a, 103 b, 103 c) via the sea water pump 107.
- emitted from the scrubber 10 may be unable to be drained to the ocean by the regulation.
- seawater supplied from the scrubber 10 to the drainage flow path 105 described later is stored in the seawater tank 106 as circulating seawater and used again for exhaust gas treatment.
- the water supply channel 103 is configured to be able to inject an alkali agent from the alkali tank 108 via the alkali pump 109.
- a caustic soda (NaOH) solution can be used as an alkali chemicals.
- an on-off valve 104a (104b, 104c) for opening and closing the water supply flow path 103a (103b, 103c) is provided.
- the on-off valve 104 (104a, 104b, 104c) can be configured by a gate valve or a ball valve.
- the on-off valves 102 and 104 can be configured manually, electromagnetically or electrically, or driven by compressed air, or the like.
- Control device 110 calculates and outputs a control signal based on a load command value of the engine.
- a drainage passage 105 is connected to the drainage pipe 16 of the scrubber 10a (10b, 10c).
- the seawater discharged from the scrubber 10 to the drainage channel 105 is drained to the ocean or stored in the seawater tank 106 as circulating seawater.
- the height is 7 m or less so that the scrubber 10 can be installed in the engine room or deck.
- the relationship between the height and the diameter of the scrubber 10 is designed to be preferably 5 m or less.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas under standard conditions of 0 ° C., 1 atm, DRY is 6 m / s or less, preferably 3 m / s or less
- the scrubber 10 may be designed.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas under standard conditions of 0 ° C., 1 atm, and DRY is 10 m / s or less, preferably 6 m / s or less. So as to design the scrubber 10.
- the residence time of the exhaust gas in the absorber main body 11 of the scrubber 10, more specifically, the residence time of the exhaust gas in the height region of the absorbent spray area may be 0.2 seconds to 2 seconds, preferably 1 It is a second.
- the amount of seawater supplied to the scrubber 10 from the water supply flow path 103 is 0.5 to 1.5 spray if the chemical equivalent which can neutralize sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the exhaust gas to be treated in the spray device 12 is 1.
- the amount may be as much as possible, preferably an amount capable of spraying 1.2 times the chemical equivalent.
- the scrubber 10 is made of a material that can provide durability to seawater and alkaline solutions.
- an iron material such as SS400 may be mentioned as a low cost material.
- a copper alloy such as neval brass, an aluminum alloy such as aluminum brass, a nickel alloy such as cupronickel, or a stainless steel such as SUS316L can be adopted.
- the relationship between the engine load factor and the number of scrubbers used in multi-column control in the exhaust gas processing device 100 is shown below.
- the setting of the rated conditions designs the scrubber 10 according to 85% which is the maximum value of the normal engine load.
- control is performed such that the number of the scrubber 10 to be operated is one.
- the engine load factor is 10% to 70%, more preferably 10% to 55%, control is performed so that two scrubbers 10 are operated.
- the engine load factor is 40% to 100%, more preferably 50% to 100%, control is performed such that the number of the scrubbers 10 to be operated is three.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of operating scrubbers and the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount.
- the solid line indicates the operating state of the scrubber 10
- the broken line indicates the stopped state of the scrubber 10.
- only one scrubber 10 is operated while the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount is (X 1 ) to (X 2 ), and the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount exceeds (X 2 ) And the second scrubber 10 also starts operation. Furthermore, when the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount exceeds (X 3 ), the third scrubber 10 also starts operation. In addition, the third scrubber 10 stops operation when the engine load or exhaust gas treatment amount decreases below (X 3 ), and the second scrubber 10 when the engine load or exhaust gas treatment amount decreases below (X 2 ) Also stop driving.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing the relationship between the flow rate setting value per scrubber and the engine load or the exhaust gas throughput.
- a solid line indicates the operating state of the scrubber 10
- a broken line indicates the stopped state of the scrubber 10.
- the third scrubber 10 When the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount exceeds (X 3 ), the third scrubber 10 also starts operation. At this time, the flow rate setting value of the second scrubber 10 decreases with the operation of the third scrubber 10. As the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount increases from (X 3 ), the flow rate setting value in the second scrubber 10 and the third scrubber 10 also increases. When the maximum value of the exhaust gas processing amount that can be processed by the exhaust gas processing device is reached, the flow rate setting value of the third scrubber 10 becomes maximum.
- the flow rate setting value in the first scrubber 10 and the second scrubber 10 also decreases.
- the second scrubber 10 stops its operation. Then, with the operation stop of the second scrubber 10, the flow rate setting value of the first scrubber 10 increases.
- a plurality of scrubbers 10 can be installed, the treated exhaust gas can be divided and supplied to the plurality of scrubbers, and the diameter per scrubber is set It is possible to increase the removal rate of harmful substances in the exhaust gas as the whole exhaust gas processing apparatus 100 while making the value or less constant. Moreover, since the diameter per scrubber can be made equal to or less than a certain value, it is possible to suppress the scattering of the absorbing liquid.
- the number of operating scrubbers 10 is controlled based on the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount.
- the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
- the amount of seawater sprayed by the spray device 12 can also be controlled based on the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount. Also, both the number of scrubbers 10 operated and the amount of seawater sprayed by the spray device 12 can be controlled based on the engine load or the exhaust gas treatment amount.
- the scrubber 10 in the exhaust gas processing apparatus 100 can be divided and installed, the exhaust gas processing apparatus can be installed, for example, in a place having a limited installation space such as in an engine room or deck of a ship It becomes possible to improve the installation of the device.
- the liquid supplied to the spray device 12 of the scrubber 10 and the gas introduced to the scrubber 10 can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the on-off valves 102 and 104, the load on the combustion equipment or engine that generates the exhaust gas. It becomes possible to change the number of scrubbers 10 to operate according to the fluctuation. That is, since the number of the scrubbers 10 to be operated can be adjusted according to the amount of exhaust gas to be processed, energy saving operation can be performed without unnecessary operation.
- the height of the absorption tower main body 11 can be suppressed and the scrubber 10 can be installed in the engine room and the deck of the ship. Therefore, the installation of the scrubber 10 as an exhaust gas treatment device Improves the quality.
- the number of members to be used can be reduced as the scrubber 10 is miniaturized, the cost reduction of the scrubber 10 can be achieved. Furthermore, by using an empty conical nozzle as the spray nozzle 12d, it is possible to reduce pump power and maintenance costs, thereby achieving further cost reduction.
Abstract
Description
F=mv2/R (1)
図1は、本実施の形態に係るスクラバを中心とする排ガス処理システムを示す概略図である。なお、本実施の形態に係る排ガス処理システムとしては、船舶に使用されるエンジンから排出される排ガス中に含まれる二酸化硫黄(SO2)を除去するシステムを考える。ただし、これに限られず、本実施の形態に係る排ガス処理システムは、窒素酸化物や硫黄酸化物などの物質を含む種々の排ガスの処理に適用可能である。
SO2+NaHCO3 → NaHSO3+CO2↑ (2)
NaHSO3+NaHCO3+1/2O2→Na2SO4+H2O+CO2↑(3)
排ガス内の二酸化硫黄を苛性ソーダ(NaOH)によって吸収除去する場合を下記式(4)および(5)に示す。
SO2+NaOH → NaHSO3 (4)
NaHSO3+NaOH+1/2O2→Na2SO4+H2O (5)
Claims (11)
- 気体と液体とを接触させてガス吸収を行う排ガス処理装置において、
内部空間が形成された吸収塔本体と、前記内部空間の上下方向の所定領域において液体を噴霧するスプレー装置と、前記吸収塔本体に気体を導入するガス供給装置と、を備える複数のスクラバと、
前記排ガス処理装置へ前記液体を供給する配管から分岐して各スクラバの前記スプレー装置に接続された複数の第1の流路と、
前記排ガス処理装置へ前記気体を供給する配管から分岐して各スクラバの前記ガス供給装置に接続された複数の第2の流路と、
を備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。 - 前記第1の流路および前記第2の流路には開閉弁が設けられ、
前記開閉弁の開閉を制御する制御装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排ガス処理装置。 - 前記制御装置は、エンジンの負荷指令に基づいて、前記開閉弁の開閉を制御して前記スクラバの運転台数を制御することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記エンジンの負荷率または排ガス処理量に応じて、予め定められた台数の前記スクラバを運転するように制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記エンジンの負荷率または排ガス処理量に応じて、複数の前記スクラバにおける前記液体の噴霧量を制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 複数の前記スクラバの直径が一定値以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記吸収塔本体が周壁部を有し、
該周壁部には、液返し部材が設けられ、
該液返し部材は、前記周壁部から中心軸へ向けて環状に突出した折り返し面部と、該折り返し面部の中心軸側の先端から下方に折り返された折り曲げ片と、前記折り返し面部の先端から液溜まり部を形成するように上側に突出された液溜まり壁と、該液溜まり部に溜まった液体を落下させる貫通孔とを有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の排ガス処理装置。 - 前記貫通孔が、前記周壁部近傍に比べてガス流速の遅い位置に設けられることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記気体が排ガスであり、
前記液体が海水であり、
前記排ガスと接触した前記海水を循環海水として貯留する海水タンクと、
該海水タンクから前記スプレー装置に供給される前記循環海水にアルカリ剤を供給するアルカリポンプとをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の排ガス処理装置。 - 前記請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス処理装置を備えることを特徴とする船舶。
- 複数のスクラバに分割して気体を供給する工程と、
複数の前記スクラバに分割して液体を供給する工程と、
エンジンの負荷指令に基づいて、複数の前記スクラバの運転を制御する工程と、
複数の前記スクラバにそれぞれ供給された気体と液体とを接触させることで、該気体中の有害物質を除去する工程とを備えることを特徴とする排ガス処理方法。
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