WO2014103105A1 - Dc/dcコンバータ - Google Patents
Dc/dcコンバータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014103105A1 WO2014103105A1 PCT/JP2013/005713 JP2013005713W WO2014103105A1 WO 2014103105 A1 WO2014103105 A1 WO 2014103105A1 JP 2013005713 W JP2013005713 W JP 2013005713W WO 2014103105 A1 WO2014103105 A1 WO 2014103105A1
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- voltage
- switching
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- output terminal
- switching element
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
- H02M3/3372—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration of the parallel type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/1552—Boost converters exploiting the leakage inductance of a transformer or of an alternator as boost inductor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DC / DC converter capable of bi-directional voltage conversion.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a conventional bi-directional DC / DC converter for exchanging power between DC power supplies having different voltages.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a conventional DC / DC converter 500 described in Patent Document 1.
- the DC / DC converter 500 is a bi-directional DC / DC converter for exchanging power between DC power supplies having different voltages.
- a DC power supply such as a battery of a car is connected to the low voltage side terminals 101 and 103.
- another DC power supply such as a generator of a car is connected to the high voltage side terminals 105 and 107.
- a transformer 109 is connected between the low voltage side terminals 101 and 103 and the high voltage side terminals 105 and 107.
- the low voltage side switching unit 111 is inserted between the low voltage side terminals 101 and 103 and the transformer 109, and the high voltage side switching unit 113 is inserted between the high voltage side terminals 105 and 107 and the transformer 109.
- Each of the low voltage side switching unit 111 and the high voltage side switching unit 113 is configured by bridge-connecting four switching elements such as a field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as FET).
- An LC resonant circuit 115 is inserted between the high voltage side terminals 105 and 107 and the high voltage side winding of the transformer 109.
- a capacitor 117 for output smoothing is connected between the low voltage side terminals 101 and 103, and a capacitor 119 for output smoothing is connected between the high voltage side terminals 105 and 107.
- the DC / DC converter includes first and second switching elements connected in series with each other at a first connection point between the first input / output terminal and the first ground terminal, and the first input / output terminal and the first ground terminal. And third and fourth switching elements connected in series with each other at a second connection point, a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor connected in series between the first and second connection points, and a second input.
- the fifth and sixth switching elements connected in series with each other at the third connection point between the output terminal and the second ground terminal, and the fourth connection point between the second input / output terminal and the second ground terminal It comprises seventh and eighth switching elements connected in series with each other, a transformer, and a control circuit.
- the transformer is connected in series between a third connection point and a fourth connection point, and a primary winding connected in series with the resonance capacitor and the resonance inductor between the first connection point and the second connection point. And a secondary winding.
- This DC / DC converter is bi-directionally capable of both boosting and bucking.
- FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of a DC / DC converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing waveforms of signals of the DC / DC converter in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing waveforms of signals of the DC / DC converter in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing waveforms of signals of the DC / DC converter according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block circuit diagram of a DC / DC converter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing waveforms of signals of the DC / DC converter in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a correlation diagram between the switching frequency and the duty ratio of the DC / DC converter in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing waveforms of signals of the DC / DC converter in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a conventional bidirectional DC / DC converter.
- FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of a DC / DC converter 11 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the DC / DC converter 11 connects the switching elements 17 and 19 connected in series with each other at the connection point 17P between the input / output terminal 13 and the ground terminal 15, and connects the input / output terminal 13 and the ground terminal 15 to each other.
- the switching elements 21 and 23 connected in series at a point 21P and a transformer 29 are provided.
- the transformer 29 has a primary winding 31 and a secondary winding 45.
- the DC / DC converter 11 further includes a resonant capacitor 25 and a resonant inductor 27 connected in series with the primary winding 29 of the transformer 29 between the connection points 17P and 21P.
- the DC / DC converter 11 also includes switching elements 37 and 39 connected in series at a connection point 37 P between the input / output terminal 33 and the ground terminal 35, and between the input / output terminal 33 and the ground terminal 35. It further includes switching elements 41 and 43 connected in series at a connection point 41P. In the DC / DC converter 11, the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29 is connected in series between the connection points 37P and 41P.
- the DC / DC converter 11 further includes a control circuit 47 electrically connected to the switching elements 17, 19, 21, 23, 37, 39, 41, 43.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f for switching the switching elements 17, 19, 21 and 23 when the voltage V1 of the input / output terminal 13 is boosted and output from the input / output terminal 33.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts a pulse waveform for switching the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 when the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 is stepped down and output from the input / output terminal 13.
- the control circuit 47 makes it possible to lower the voltage applied to the transformer 29 by switching the switching element by adjusting the pulse waveform at the time of bucking, thereby stepping down the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 It can be output from 13. Further, at the time of boosting, the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f. From these, a bidirectional DC / DC converter 11 capable of both boosting and bucking can be obtained.
- a DC power supply 16 is connected to the input / output terminal 13 of the DC / DC converter 11 and the ground terminal 15. In the first embodiment, the DC power supply 16 outputs a DC voltage of 100V. The DC power supply 16 also functions as a load that absorbs power.
- a smoothing capacitor 49 is electrically connected between the input / output terminal 13 and the ground terminal 15. The input / output terminal 13 is electrically connected to the control circuit 47 to detect the voltage V1.
- the control circuit 47 includes a voltage detection circuit for detecting the voltage V1 at the input / output terminal 13 and outputting the voltage V1 to a microcomputer incorporated in the control circuit 47.
- the switching elements 17 and 19 are electrically connected to each other at a connection point 17P between the input / output terminal 13 and the ground terminal 15.
- the switching elements 17 and 19 are formed of field effect transistors (FETs), and as shown in FIG. 1, include parasitic diodes 17D and 19D, respectively.
- the switching elements 21 and 23 are connected in series with each other at a connection point 21P between the input / output terminal 13 and the ground terminal 15.
- the switching elements 21 and 23 are also configured by FETs, and thus include parasitic diodes 21D and 23D.
- the resonant capacitor 25, the resonant inductor 27, and the primary winding 31 of the transformer 29 are connected in series between the connection points 17P and 21P.
- the resonant capacitor 25, the resonant inductor 27, and the primary winding 31 connected in series constitute a resonant circuit 27R having a resonant frequency f0 set by the capacitance value and the inductance value of these.
- a battery 36 is connected to the input / output terminal 33 of the DC / DC converter 11 and the ground terminal 35 as another DC power supply.
- the battery 36 is a battery for an electric car whose full charge voltage of direct current is 200V.
- a smoothing capacitor 51 is electrically connected between the input / output terminal 33 and the ground terminal 35.
- the input / output terminal 33 is electrically connected to the control circuit 47 to detect the voltage V2.
- Control circuit 47 includes a voltage detection circuit for detecting voltage V2 at input / output terminal 33 and outputting the voltage V2 to a microcomputer incorporated in control circuit 47.
- the ground terminal 35 is connected to a current sensor 52 that detects the current I flowing to the ground terminal. Since the current sensor 52 is electrically connected to the control circuit 47, a current detection value (hereinafter referred to as current I) which is a detection value of the current output from the current sensor 52 is taken into the control circuit 47.
- current I a current detection value which is a detection value of the current output from the current sensor 52 is taken into the control circuit 47.
- the current I output from the current sensor 52 corresponds to the charging current for charging the battery 36.
- the switching elements 37 and 39 are connected in series with each other at the connection point 37P between the input / output terminal 33 and the ground terminal 35, and the switching elements 41 and 43 are connected at the connection point 41P between the input / output terminal 33 and the ground terminal 35. They are connected in series.
- the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 are also constituted by FETs, and therefore include parasitic diodes 37D, 39D, 41D, 43D.
- a winding ratio which is a ratio of windings of the primary winding 31 and the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29 is 1: 1.
- the control circuit 47 is composed of a microcomputer and peripheral circuits.
- the peripheral circuit includes the voltage detection circuit described above, a drive circuit for driving the switching element 17, and a memory.
- the control circuit 47 controls the switching of the switching element to switch the current flow direction, and control the voltage V1 of the input / output terminal 13 and the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33.
- the control circuit 47 first turns off the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43.
- the parasitic diodes 37D, 39D, 41D, and 43D constitute a bridge circuit, the switching elements 37, 39, 41, and 43 function as a rectifier circuit.
- the control circuit 47 turns on and off the switching elements 17, 19, 21 and 23 to perform switching control, thereby boosting the voltage V1 (DC voltage 100 V) at the input / output terminal 13 and power from the input / output terminal 33. Output.
- the discharge completion voltage which is the battery voltage Vb when the battery 36 completes the discharge is 100 V DC.
- a battery 36 having a full charge voltage of 200 V DC is connected to the input / output terminal 33, and the battery voltage Vb of the battery 36 changes from 100 V DC to 200 V DC by charging.
- the resonant frequency f0 of the resonant circuit 27R configured by the resonant capacitor 25, the resonant inductor 27, and the primary winding 31 is uniquely determined.
- the switching frequency f is controlled by fixing the duty ratio of the switching elements 17, 19, 21 and 23 at 50% at the resonance frequency f0.
- the duty ratio is defined as the ratio of the on period of the switching element to the switching period.
- the resonant voltage increases as the resonant frequency f0 and the switching frequency f approach each other, and the resonant voltage decreases as the difference between the resonant frequency f0 and the switching frequency f increases.
- a voltage of the sum of the voltage of the switching waveform (rectangular wave) and the resonant voltage is applied to the primary winding 31 of the transformer 29 and is induced in the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29.
- the voltage V2 can be controlled by changing the switching frequency f by rectifying and smoothing the voltage induced in the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29 and outputting it from the input / output terminal 33 as the voltage V2.
- the switching frequency f is shifted to any frequency higher or lower than the resonance frequency f0, the step-up ratio can be changed.
- the switching frequency f is set higher than the resonance frequency f0 so that the current at the time of turning off the switching element becomes positive (ie, the current is delayed in phase with respect to the voltage). Since the amplitude of the resonant voltage approaches zero when the switching frequency f is increased, a rectangular wave voltage which is a switching waveform is applied to the primary winding 31 of the transformer 29. In the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29, a voltage obtained by multiplying the input voltage by the turns ratio is induced. The voltage induced in the secondary winding 45 is rectified to obtain an output voltage V2. Therefore, the output voltage V2 can not be made lower than the voltage determined by the input voltage and the turns ratio of the transformer 29.
- the turns ratio of the transformer 29 is 1: 1, and the input voltage is 100V, so the minimum output voltage is 100V.
- the switching frequency f is lowered and the switching frequency f becomes close to the resonant frequency f0, the amplitude of the resonant voltage is increased and the output voltage is increased. From this, the impedance of the resonant circuit 27R is adjusted so that the voltage V2 is 200 V even at the maximum load.
- the control circuit 47 sets the switching elements 17, 19, 21, and 23 such that the resonance frequency f0 of the resonance circuit 27R formed by the resonance capacitor 25 and the resonance inductor 27 and the primary winding 31 is equal to or higher. Adjust the switching frequency f to be switched. As a result, when the switching frequency f is adjusted to be larger than the resonance frequency f0, the boosting ratio is lowered (1 in the first embodiment) when the switching frequency f is adjusted to be larger than the resonance frequency f0. Can be adjusted.
- the battery voltage Vb is 100 V DC, which is the discharge completion voltage.
- the switching frequency f is set so that the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 becomes 200 V DC of the full charge voltage, an overcurrent flows in the battery 36. Therefore, the operation of performing charging by constant current constant voltage control will be described.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f so that the current I detected by the current sensor 52 becomes a predetermined current.
- the switching frequency f when the switching frequency f is adjusted, the step-up ratio changes according to the switching frequency f.
- the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 also changes, whereby the current I flowing through the battery 36 also changes. Therefore, by adjusting the switching frequency f, the current I can be controlled to be a predetermined current.
- the predetermined current is stored in advance in the memory as, for example, the maximum current for charging the battery 36.
- the predetermined current is not limited to the maximum current.
- the predetermined current may be lower than the maximum current in consideration of a control error margin.
- the control circuit 47 can detect the present battery voltage Vb by reading the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33. When the battery voltage Vb approaches the full charge voltage, the control circuit 47 switches from constant current charging to constant voltage charging. Specifically, the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f so that the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 becomes a predetermined voltage, from the control of adjusting the switching frequency f so that the current I becomes a predetermined current. Switch.
- the predetermined voltage is a full charge voltage of the battery 36.
- the switching frequency f When the switching frequency f is controlled in this manner, the step-up ratio changes accordingly, and as a result, the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 also changes.
- the switching frequency f is adjusted so that the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 becomes a predetermined voltage.
- the control circuit 47 can control the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 to be a predetermined voltage by adjusting the switching frequency f.
- the control circuit 47 stops the switching of the switching elements 17, 19, 21, and 23 and ends the charging of the battery 36.
- the battery 36 is charged by the constant current constant voltage control, it is not limited to this.
- a load consuming power for example, is connected to the input / output terminal 33 and the ground terminal 35 instead of the battery 36, it is necessary to output a constant voltage to drive the load.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f so as to perform constant voltage control from the beginning.
- the DC / DC converter 11 steps down the battery voltage Vb, which decreases with time, to a predetermined voltage V1 (DC 100 V) at the input / output terminal 13 and stably outputs it.
- the control circuit 47 turns off all the switching elements 17, 19, 21, 23.
- a rectifier circuit is formed by the parasitic diodes 17D, 19D, 21D and 23D of these switching elements.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the pulse waveform of the signal for switching the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 to step down the battery voltage Vb.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the pulse waveform in switching by shifting the switching phase of the switching elements 41 and 43 with respect to the switching phase of the switching elements 37 and 39. Details of the operation at this time will be described.
- 2 and 3 show waveforms of signals of the DC / DC converter 11 in the first embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show the pulse waveform of the signal S37 switching the switching element 37, the pulse waveform of the signal S39 switching the switching element 39, and the pulse waveform of the signal S41 switching the switching element 41.
- FIG. 21 shows a pulse waveform of a signal S43 switching the switching element 43 and a voltage Vt of the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 indicates time.
- the switching elements 37, 39, 41 and 43 are on, and when the values of the signals S37, S39, S41 and S43 are off, the switching elements 37, 39, 39 41, 43 are off.
- the signals S37 and S39 are complementary to each other, the value of the signal S39 is off when the value of the signal S37 is on, and the value of the signal S39 is on when the value of the signal S37 is off.
- the signal S41 and the signal S43 are complementary to each other, the value S43 of the signal is off when the value of the signal S41 is on, and the value of the signal S43 is on when the value of the signal S41 is off.
- the switching phases of the switching elements 37 and 39 coincide with the switching elements 41 and 43.
- the switching phases of the switching elements 37 and 39 coincide with the switching phases of the switching elements 41 and 43.
- the switching phases of the switching elements 37 and 39 do not match the switching phases of the switching elements 41 and 43.
- the duty ratio of the pulse waveform is fixed at 50%.
- the pulse waveform of the signal S37 of the switching element 37 and switching is the same waveform, and the pulse waveform of the signal S39 of the switching element 39 and the pulse waveform of the signal S41 of the switching element 41 are also the same waveform.
- the signal S37 of the switching element 37 is inverted with respect to the signal S39 of the switching element 39, and the signal S41 of the switching element 41 is inverted with respect to the signal S43 of the switching element 43.
- the pulse waveforms of the signals S21 and S23 are shifted in phase with respect to the pulse waveforms of the signals S17 and S19 so as to be delayed. From time t10 to time t11, the values of all the signals S37, S39, S41, and S43 are off. From time t11 to time t12, the values of the signals S37 and S41 are on, and the values of the signals S39 and S43 are off.
- the switching element (switching elements 37, 41) of the upper arm connected to the input / output terminal 33 is on, and the ground
- the switching element (switching elements 39, 43) of the lower arm connected to the terminal 35 is turned off, and the voltage Vt of the secondary winding 45 becomes 0V.
- the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 operate in the period from time t15 to time t16 and the period from time t19 to time t20 in the same manner as the above operation in the period from time t11 to time t12.
- the on / off is reversed as described above, the switching elements 37 and 41 of the upper arm are turned off, and the switching elements 39 and 43 of the lower arm are turned on. Therefore, the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 is not applied to the secondary winding 45, and the transformer voltage Vt is 0V.
- the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 operate in the period from time t17 to time t18 and the period from time t21 to time t22 in the same manner as the above operation in the period from time t13 to time t14.
- the voltage Vt of the secondary winding is a voltage in which -200 V and 200 V appear alternately.
- the voltage Vt shown in FIG. 3 is applied to the secondary winding 45 by the above operation.
- the DC / DC converter 11 can step down the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 and output it from the input / output terminal 13.
- a voltage substantially the same as the battery voltage Vb can be output from the input / output terminal 13.
- substantially the same is defined as being the same within the range of voltage fluctuation due to the internal resistance of the circuit system described above and the voltage drop of the parasitic diode.
- the voltage drop of the internal resistance of the circuit system and the parasitic diode is about two digits smaller than the DC 100 V to 200 V which is the voltage in the first embodiment.
- the maximum adjustment range for shifting the phase is from 0 ° to 180 °.
- DC / DC converter 11 in the first embodiment is an input / output terminal obtained by stepping down battery voltage Vb in a state where battery voltage Vb changes from 200 V DC to 100 V DC with the discharge of battery 36.
- the voltage V1 of 33 is stabilized to 100 V DC.
- the voltage V1 of the input / output terminal 13 is set to 100 V DC by adjusting the ratio of the period in which the voltage Vt is 0 V to the total of the periods in which the transformer voltage Vt is -200 V or 200 V in one cycle of switching. be able to.
- the control circuit 47 detects the voltage V1 at the input / output terminal 13 in order to stabilize the voltage V1 at the input / output terminal 13, and adjusts the phase shift so that the voltage V1 becomes a predetermined voltage (DC 100 V in this case) Do. Specifically, the control circuit 47 performs adjustment in accordance with the voltage V1 at the input / output terminal 13 to reduce the phase shift in order to make the step-down ratio larger than 1/2. This operation is feedback controlled, and when the voltage V1 at the input / output terminal 13 changes, the control circuit 47 immediately adjusts the phase shift. By repeating such an operation, the DC / DC converter 11 can stabilize the voltage V1 of the input / output terminal 13 while stepping down the battery voltage Vb even if the battery voltage Vb is lowered.
- the control circuit 47 performs switching with a state in which there is almost no phase shift, that is, the signal shown in FIG. Since the step-down ratio at this time is approximately 1 as described above, a voltage V1 substantially the same as the battery voltage Vb is output from the input / output terminal 13. Since the control circuit 47 detects the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 which is the battery voltage Vb, switching of the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 is stopped when the detected value reaches the discharge completion voltage. Thus, the power supply to the DC power supply 16 as a load is stopped, and the overdischarge of the battery 36 is prevented.
- the switching frequency f may be substantially equal to, larger than, or smaller than the resonant frequency f0 of the resonant circuit 25R formed by the resonant capacitor 25, the resonant inductor 27, and the primary winding 31.
- the switching frequency f when the switching frequency f is set substantially equal to the resonance frequency f0, the step-up ratio is maximized and the offsetting effect on step-down is also maximized. This is undesirable because the maximum voltage of the terminal 33 (here, the full charge voltage of the battery 36) may occur at the input / output terminal 13.
- the switching frequency f is set smaller than the resonance frequency f0, the loss is increased. Therefore, it is desirable to set the switching frequency f larger than the resonance frequency f0.
- the switching frequency f of the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 is set larger than the resonant frequency f0 of the resonant circuit 27R formed by the resonant capacitor 25, the resonant inductor 27, and the primary winding 31. .
- the DC / DC converter 11 can perform step-down with low loss and in a state where the effect of boosting is reduced.
- the control circuit 47 performs switching of the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 by adjusting the pulse waveform by shifting the phase of switching at the time of step-down to obtain the voltage applied to the transformer 29. It can be lowered. Therefore, the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 can be stepped down and output from the input / output terminal 13. Further, at the time of boosting, the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f. From these, a bidirectional DC / DC converter 11 capable of both boosting and bucking can be obtained.
- the duty ratio of the pulse waveform is fixed at 50%, it is not limited thereto, and the duty ratio may be set to a value other than 50% as long as a necessary step-down ratio can be obtained. Good. Also in this case, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the low voltage side terminal is operated by the operation as described above. Power can be supplied mutually between the DC power supply connected to 101 and 103 and the DC power supply connected to the high voltage side terminals 105 and 107.
- a current resonant converter such as a DC / DC converter 500 having an LC resonant circuit 115 drives at a frequency higher than the resonant frequency of the LC resonant circuit 115.
- An LC resonant circuit 115 is provided on the input side of the transformer to adjust the switching frequency and change the resonant voltage to adjust the output voltage. The lower the switching frequency, the larger the amplitude of the resonant voltage of the LC resonant circuit as it gets closer to the resonant frequency, so the voltage obtained from the output of the transformer also becomes higher.
- the amplitude of the resonant voltage decreases, and when the amplitude of the resonant voltage approaches zero, the output voltage does not substantially decrease, and control below a certain value becomes difficult. Therefore, adjust the turns ratio of the transformer and output the lower limit of the output voltage at the maximum frequency, while reducing the switching frequency to increase the resonant voltage and raising the output voltage to output the upper limit of the output voltage
- the current resonant converter is controlled to
- the output voltage of the low voltage side terminals 101 and 103 is 100 V to
- the operation of the DC / DC converter 500 in the case of varying at 200 V will be described.
- the switching frequency is high, the turns ratio of the transformer is adjusted to about 1: 1 so that the output voltage is almost equal to 100V at an input voltage of 100V, and for an output voltage of 200V, the switching frequency approaches to a resonant frequency
- the voltage can be boosted to generate a voltage.
- the LC resonant circuit 115 may be inserted on the input side of the transformer 109, that is, between the low-voltage side switching unit 111 and the transformer 109 to control the switching frequency to vary the resonant voltage and adjust the output voltage. it can.
- the DC / DC converter 500 can change the step-up ratio according to the shift of the switching frequency with respect to the resonance frequency as described above, there is a controllable minimum voltage and can not step down. Since the turns ratio of the transformer 109 is set to about 1: 1 so that the input voltage and the output voltage become equal, it is possible to generate an output voltage of 100 V or more when the battery voltage is 100 V. However, when a voltage of 200 V is input from the battery, the output voltage is generated at 200 V or more, so it is difficult to control the switching frequency to lower the output voltage to 200 V or less.
- DC / DC converter 11 in the first embodiment can perform both step-up and step-down.
- FIG. 4 shows signals S37, S39, S41, and S43 and voltage Vt of the DC / DC converter 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the DC / DC converter 11 in the second embodiment changes the duty ratio of the signals S37, S39, S41, and S43 of the switching elements 37, 39, 41, and 43.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the duty ratio in a state where the switching phase of the switching elements 41 and 43 is shifted by 180 ° with respect to the switching phase of the switching elements 37 and 39. By adjusting the pulse waveform.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts pulse ratios of switching signals S37, S39, S41, and S43 of the switching elements 37, 39, 41, and 43 by adjusting the duty ratio at the time of step-down.
- a period in which the transformer voltage Vt is 0 V can be controlled according to the duty ratio, and the voltage applied to the transformer 29 can be reduced. Therefore, the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 can be stepped down and output from the input / output terminal 13.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f. From these, a bidirectional DC / DC converter 11 capable of both boosting and bucking can be obtained.
- the boosting operation is performed by adjusting the switching frequency f as in the first embodiment.
- the control circuit 47 shifts the switching phase of the switching elements 41 and 43 by 180 ° with respect to the switching phase of the switching elements 37 and 39. In this state, when the duty ratio is set to 50%, one of both of the switching elements 37 and 41 of the upper arm and both of the switching elements 39 and 43 of the lower arm is turned off, as in the first embodiment.
- the voltage Vt of the transformer 29 is 0V.
- the control circuit 47 detects the voltage V1 at the input / output terminal 13, feedback control of the duty ratio is performed so that the voltage V1 becomes a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage is a voltage input to the inverter to generate an alternating current of 100 V required by the DC power supply 16 which is a load, and is, for example, the direct current of 100 V.
- the above control is performed by the pulse waveforms of the signals S37, S39, S41, and S43 shown in FIG. That is, with the pulse waveforms of the signals S37 and S41 shown in FIG. 4, if the battery 36 is fully charged, the transformer voltage Vt shown in FIG. 4 is 200 V maximum and -200 V minimum.
- the transformer 29 is adjusted by adjusting the period in which the voltage Vt is 200 V, the period in which the voltage Vt is 0 V, and the period in which the voltage Vt is -200 V and the period in which the voltage Vt is 0 V.
- the DC voltage obtained by rectifying the voltage induced in the primary winding 31 can be controlled between 200 V and 0 V, ie, adjustable to 100 V, .
- the pulse voltage of the signals S37, S39, S41 and S43 shown in FIG. 4 can step down the fully charged battery voltage Vb (200 V) and output a DC voltage of 100 V from the input / output terminal 13. .
- the control circuit 47 performs feedback control so as to increase the duty ratio of the signals S37 and S41 according to the decrease of the battery voltage Vb, the voltage V1 of the input / output terminal 13 can be stabilized.
- the control circuit 47 brings the duty ratio closer to 50% in order to continue outputting a predetermined voltage (100 V DC) from the input / output terminal 13.
- the control circuit 47 detects the battery voltage Vb as the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33, switching is performed when the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 reaches approximately the discharge completion voltage (DC 100 V) of the battery 36.
- the DC / DC converter 11 in the second embodiment can step down the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 and output it from the input / output terminal 13.
- the duty ratio of the signals S37 and S39 is controlled to be greater than 50%
- the voltage after rectification shown in FIG. 4 is merely inverted, and the rectified voltage follows the duty ratio as in the case where the duty ratio is reduced.
- a DC voltage higher than 0 V and lower than 200 V is generated at the input / output terminal 13. Therefore, the duty ratio may be larger or smaller than 50%.
- the duty ratio is made larger than 50%
- the voltage condition in the second embodiment that is, the voltage V1 at the input / output terminal 13 is stabilized to 100 V DC, and the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 decreases from 200 V DC to 100 V DC. If it is the case, first control the duty ratio between 50% and 100%, then decrease the duty ratio as the battery voltage Vb decreases, and the battery voltage Vb approaches the discharge completion voltage (DC 100 V) , Control the rate to approach 50%.
- the switching frequency f is fixed at the time of step-down operation as in the first embodiment, and the switching frequency f is set larger than the resonance frequency f0.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the duty ratio at the time of step-down to adjust the pulse waveform of the signal switching the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43. Therefore, the transformer voltage Vt is adjusted according to the duty ratio. Can be controlled, and the voltage induced in the transformer 29 can be reduced. Therefore, the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 can be stepped down and output from the input / output terminal 13. Further, at the time of boosting, the control circuit 47 adjusts the switching frequency f. From these, a bidirectional DC / DC converter 11 capable of both boosting and bucking can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a block circuit diagram showing the operation of the DC / DC converter 11 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 when the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 is stepped down and output from the input / output terminal 13, the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29 when the voltage Vt of the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29 is 0V. The flowing transformer current It is shown.
- DC / DC converter 11 when the voltage V2 at input / output terminal 33 is stepped down and output from input / output terminal 13, the duty ratio is at most 50 when the maximum load current flows to input / output terminal 13.
- Setting switching frequency fs which approaches% as a correlation with the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 in advance, and the control circuit 47 stores the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 according to the input / output terminal voltage V2.
- the boosting operation is performed by adjusting the switching frequency f as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows waveforms of signals S37, S39, S41 and S43 for switching switching elements 37, 39, 41 and 43 of DC / DC converter 11 in the third embodiment, and a transformer voltage of secondary winding 45 of transformer 29. Vt and a transformer current It flowing through the secondary winding 45 are shown.
- the duty ratio which is the ratio of the time during which the switching elements 37 and 41 are on to one cycle, is 25%.
- the control circuit 47 When the battery 36 is stepped down and power is output to the DC power supply 16, that is, when the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 is stepped down and output from the input / output terminal 13, the control circuit 47 operates similarly to the first embodiment.
- the pulse waveforms of the switching signals S37, S39, S41 and S43 of the switching elements 37, 39, 41 and 43 are adjusted.
- FIG. 6 shows pulse waveforms of the switching signals S37, S39, S41, and S43 when the duty ratio is 25%, for example.
- the duty ratio is the ratio of the on period to one switching cycle. In the step-down operation, since the pair of switching elements 37 and 43 and the pair of switching elements 39 and 41 are alternately turned on and off, the duty ratio is from 0% to 50%.
- a simultaneous on period occurs, which is a period in which the switching elements 39 and 43 of the lower arm are simultaneously turned on in one switching cycle from time t31 to time t35.
- the simultaneous on period is a period from time t31 to time t32 and a period from time t33 to time t34.
- the simultaneous on period is 50% of one switching cycle, as shown in FIG. During these periods, as shown in FIG. 5, the transformer current It flows from the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29 to the switching elements 43 and 39 and the anti-biasing capacitor 53.
- the change over time of the transformer current It is shown in FIG.
- the transformer current It is non-linear according to the time constant determined by the inductance of the secondary winding 45 and the capacitance value of the bias capacitor 53 in the circuit formed by the secondary winding 45 and the bias capacitor 53.
- Change. For example, in the period from time t33 to time t34, the change is nonlinearly reduced according to the time constant determined by the inductance of the secondary winding 45 and the capacitance value of the anti-polarization capacitor 53.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the pulse waveform so as to reduce the duty ratio.
- the simultaneous on period for example, the period from time t33 to time t34 in FIG. 6 becomes long.
- the transformer current Ita at time t34 becomes negative, and the possibility that the transformer current It flows back increases.
- the control circuit 47 controls the switching element 41 to be on and the switching element 43 to be off.
- the parasitic diode 43D since the parasitic diode 43D has a recovery period from on to off, the parasitic diode 43D remains on in the recovery period. Therefore, a state occurs in which the switching element 41 is on and the parasitic diode 43D of the switching element 43 is on, and a short circuit occurs between the input / output terminal 33 and the ground terminal 35.
- control circuit 47 performs the following control in order to eliminate the above-mentioned loss.
- the value of the switching frequency f closest to 50% is obtained in advance, and the control circuit 47 A map is stored as a correlation between the voltage V2 of the output terminal 33 and the set switching frequency fs. Specifically, this map is determined as follows. First, the value of the input / output terminal voltage V2 is set. Next, the duty ratio is adjusted so that the load current output from the input / output terminal 13 becomes maximum at that value of the input / output terminal voltage V2. At this time, if the duty ratio is too small as described above, the possibility of the transformer current It becoming negative is high, so the switching frequency f is adjusted to be increased.
- the duty ratio is adjusted again to maximize the load current.
- the value of the switching frequency f is obtained such that the duty ratio at the maximum load current approaches 50% at most.
- the value of the switching frequency f at which the maximum load current for that value of the input / output terminal voltage V2 is maximum is determined.
- the control circuit 47 stores the determined value of the switching frequency f as the value of the set switching frequency fs.
- FIG. 7 is a correlation diagram between the set switching frequency fs and the duty ratio.
- the horizontal axis indicates the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33
- the vertical axis on the left indicates the set switching frequency fs (third embodiment) or the switching frequency f (second embodiment)
- the vertical axis on the right Indicates the hourly rate.
- the DC / DC converter 11 in the third embodiment has the set switching frequency fs and the duty ratio D3
- the DC / DC converter 11 in the second embodiment has the switching frequency f and the duty ratio D2.
- the switching frequency f is the value of the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33. It is constant regardless of The control circuit 47 performs voltage reduction by changing the duty ratio D2 to be smaller as the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 becomes larger.
- the switching frequency f is obtained in advance as the set switching frequency fs so that the duty ratio D3 approaches 50% most when the load current is maximum. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, when the load current is maximum, the duty ratio D3 becomes approximately 50% constant regardless of the value of the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33, and the set switching frequency fs is the voltage of the input / output terminal 33 The higher V2 is, the higher it is.
- the values of the voltage V2 at the input / output terminal 33 and the values of the set switching frequency fs respectively corresponding to these values in the relationship shown in FIG. 7 are stored in the memory of the control circuit 47. Therefore, the control circuit 47 controls the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 as follows when the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 is stepped down and output from the input / output terminal 13.
- the control circuit 47 reads the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33.
- the control circuit 47 performs setting switching corresponding to the value of the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 read from the correlation between the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 and the setting switching frequency fs shown in FIG. Find the value of frequency fs.
- the control circuit 47 controls the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 at that value of the set switching frequency fs.
- the ratio at this time is closest to 50%, so that the reverse current where the transformer current It becomes negative occurs. Unlikely. Furthermore, when a current smaller than the maximum load current flows, the duty ratio is controlled to decrease as the load current decreases. In this case, since the transformer current It also becomes small, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of reverse current in which the transformer current It becomes negative, and it is possible to suppress the efficiency loss without leading to the rapid loss in the DC / DC converter 11.
- FIG. 8 shows the waveform of the signal of the DC / DC converter 11 in the third embodiment when the maximum load current flows from the input / output terminal 13 to the ground terminal 15 during the above operation.
- 8 shows a pulse waveform of a signal S37 switching the switching device 37, a pulse waveform of a signal S39 switching the switching device 39, a pulse waveform of a signal S41 switching the switching device 41, and a signal switching the switching device 43.
- the pulse waveform of S43, the voltage Vt of the secondary winding 45 of the transformer 29, and the current It of the transformer are shown.
- the horizontal axis indicates time.
- the set switching frequency fs determined by the voltage V2 of the input / output terminal 33 based on FIG. 7 is twice the switching frequency f in the operation shown in FIG.
- the on period and the off period of the switching elements 37, 39, 41, 43 are substantially the same. Become.
- the voltage Vt of the transformer has almost no period for maintaining 0 V, and changes substantially between +200 V and ⁇ 200 V.
- the transformer current It becomes negative there is almost no period in which the transformer current It becomes negative, and even when the load current is maximum, the transformer current It becomes negative and a backflow is possible Can be reduced. Therefore, the DC / DC converter 11 with reduced loss can be realized.
- the DC / DC converter 11 can perform buck-boost in both directions while reducing the loss caused by the backflow of the transformer current It.
- DC / DC converter 11 can reduce the possibility that transformer current It flowing in secondary winding 45 of transformer 29 will be negative even when the load current is maximum. There is no need to control to increase the transformer current It so as not to be negative. As a result, the reactive current generated to increase the transformer current It becomes unnecessary, and high efficiency can be achieved. Therefore, a bi-directional DC / DC converter 11 capable of both boosting and bucking with high efficiency is obtained.
- the control circuit 47 shifts the phase of the switching signal of the switching elements 37 and 41 with respect to the phase shift of the switching signals of the switching elements 39 and 43 during step-down.
- the duty ratio may be changed simultaneously with shifting the phase.
- the control circuit 47 adjusts the rough step-down ratio by adjusting the phase and fine-adjusts the duty ratio in this state, so that the step-down ratio can be adjusted with high precision. Accuracy can be improved.
- the turns ratio which is the ratio of the primary winding to the secondary winding of transformer 29, is 1: 1, but the turns ratio other than that is However, the same effect can be obtained well.
- the step-up / step-down ratio of the DC / DC converter 11 since the step-up / step-down ratio of the DC / DC converter 11 also changes depending on the winding ratio, it is necessary to adjust the switching frequency f, the phase of the switching signal, and the duty ratio.
- the resonant inductor 27 is connected in series to the primary winding 31 of the transformer 29, but the resonant inductor 27 is not a single inductor but a leak of the transformer 29. It may be configured by an inductance, and the same effect can be obtained.
- DC / DC converter 11 in the first to third embodiments it is possible to reduce the voltage fluctuation of secondary winding 45 when the current flows through secondary winding 45 of transformer 29. So as to have a large enough capacity value.
- the anti-magnetic bias capacitor 53 can function as a resonant capacitor. In this case, the output voltage is higher than in the case where the capacitance value of the bias bias capacitor 53 is large, but the effect of adjusting the output voltage can be obtained by changing the pulse waveform.
- the DC / DC converter 11 in the first to third embodiments includes the anti-polarization capacitor 53
- the anti-polarization capacitor 53 can be controlled by controlling the pulse waveform to eliminate the deviation magnetism of the transformer 29. It becomes unnecessary. Even with such a configuration, the output voltage can be adjusted by the pulse waveform as in the first to third embodiments.
- the DC / DC converter according to the present invention is useful as a DC / DC converter or the like for a battery charger / discharger, in particular, because it can perform both step-up and step-down in both directions.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態1におけるDC/DCコンバータ11のブロック回路図である。DC/DCコンバータ11は、入出力端子13とグランド端子15との間で互いに接続点17Pで直列に接続されたスイッチング素子17、19と、入出力端子13とグランド端子15との間で互いに接続点21Pで直列に接続されたスイッチング素子21、23と、トランス29とを備える。トランス29は1次巻線31と2次巻線45とを有する。DC/DCコンバータ11は、接続点17P、21Pの間で、トランス29の1次巻線29と直列に接続された共振コンデンサ25と共振インダクタ27とをさらに備える。また、DC/DCコンバータ11は、入出力端子33とグランド端子35との間で互いに接続点37Pで直列に接続されたスイッチング素子37、39と、入出力端子33とグランド端子35との間で互いに接続点41Pで直列に接続されたスイッチング素子41、43をさらに備える。DC/DCコンバータ11は、接続点37P、41Pの間にトランス29の2次巻線45が直列に接続されている。DC/DCコンバータ11は、スイッチング素子17、19、21、23、37、39、41、43と電気的に接続された制御回路47をさらに備える。
図4は本発明の実施の形態2におけるDC/DCコンバータ11の信号S37、S39、S41、S43と電圧Vtを示す。図4において、図1から図3に示す実施の形態1におけるDC/DCコンバータ11と同じ部分には同じ参照番号を付す。実施の形態2でおけるDC/DCコンバータ11ではスイッチング素子37、39、41、43の信号S37、S39、S41、S43の時比率を変化させる。
図5は本発明の実施の形態3におけるDC/DCコンバータ11の動作を示すブロック回路図である。図5では、入出力端子33の電圧V2を降圧して入出力端子13から出力する際に、トランス29の2次巻線45の電圧Vtが0Vの時におけるトランス29の2次巻線45に流れるトランス電流Itを示す。
13 入出力端子(第1入出力端子)
15 グランド端子(第1グランド端子)
17 スイッチング素子(第1スイッチング素子)
19 スイッチング素子(第2スイッチング素子)
21 スイッチング素子(第3スイッチング素子)
23 スイッチング素子(第4スイッチング素子)
25 共振コンデンサ
27 共振インダクタ
29 トランス
31 1次巻線
33 入出力端子(第2入出力端子)
35 グランド端子(第2グランド端子)
37 スイッチング素子(第5スイッチング素子)
39 スイッチング素子(第6スイッチング素子)
41 スイッチング素子(第7スイッチング素子)
43 スイッチング素子(第8スイッチング素子)
45 2次巻線
47 制御回路
Claims (9)
- 第1入出力端子と、
第1グランド端子と、
前記第1入出力端子と前記第1グランド端子との間に直列に接続された第1スイッチング素子と、
前記第1入出力端子と前記第1グランド端子との間で前記第1スイッチング素子と直列に第1接続点で接続された第2スイッチング素子と、
前記第1入出力端子と前記第1グランド端子との間に直列に接続された第3スイッチング素子と、
前記第1入出力端子と前記第1グランド端子との間で前記第3スイッチング素子と直列に第2接続点で接続された第4スイッチング素子と、
前記第1接続点と前記第2接続点との間に直列に接続された共振コンデンサと、
前記第1接続点と前記第2接続点との間で前記共振コンデンサと直列に接続された共振インダクタと、
第2入出力端子と、
第2グランド端子と、
前記第2入出力端子と前記第2グランド端子との間に直列に接続された第5スイッチング素子と、
前記第2入出力端子と前記第2グランド端子との間で前記第5スイッチング素子と直列に第3接続点で接続された第6スイッチング素子と、
前記第2入出力端子と前記第2グランド端子との間に直列に接続された第7スイッチング素子と、
前記第2入出力端子と前記第2グランド端子との間で前記第7スイッチング素子と直列に第4接続点で接続された第8スイッチング素子と、
前記第1接続点と前記第2接続点との間で前記共振コンデンサと前記共振インダクタとに直列に接続された1次巻線と、
前記第3接続点と前記第4接続点との間に直列に接続された2次巻線と、
を有するトランスと、
前記第1から第8スイッチング素子と電気的に接続された制御回路と、
を備え、
前記制御回路は、
前記第1入出力端子の電圧を昇圧して前記第2入出力端子から出力する際に、前記第1スイッチング素子と前記第2スイッチング素子と前記第3スイッチング素子と前記第4スイッチング素子とのスイッチング周波数を調整し、
前記第2入出力端子の電圧を降圧して前記第1入出力端子から出力する際に前記第5スイッチング素子と前記第6スイッチング素子と前記第7スイッチング素子と前記第8スイッチング素子とのスイッチングにおけるパルス波形を調整する、
ように動作する、DC/DCコンバータ。 - 前記制御回路は、前記第2入出力端子の電圧を降圧して前記第1入出力端子から出力する際に前記第5スイッチング素子と前記第6スイッチング素子と前記第7スイッチング素子と前記第8スイッチング素子とのスイッチングにおけるスイッチング周波数を調整せずにパルス波形を調整するように動作する、請求項1に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記共振インダクタは前記トランスの漏れインダクタンスである、請求項1に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記制御回路は、前記第5スイッチング素子と前記第6スイッチング素子のスイッチングの位相に対し、前記第7スイッチング素子と前記第8スイッチング素子のスイッチングの位相をずらすことにより前記パルス波形を調整するように動作する、請求項1に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記制御回路は、前記第5スイッチング素子と前記第6スイッチング素子のスイッチングの位相に対し、前記第7スイッチング素子と前記第8スイッチング素子のスイッチングの位相を180°ずらした状態で時比率を調整することにより前記パルス波形を調整するように動作する、請求項1に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記制御回路は、前記第1スイッチング素子、前記第2スイッチング素子、前記第3スイッチング素子、および前記第4スイッチング素子のスイッチング周波数が前記共振コンデンサ、前記共振インダクタ、および前記1次巻線が形成する共振回路の共振周波数以上となるように、前記スイッチング周波数を調整するように動作する、請求項1に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記第5スイッチング素子と前記第6スイッチング素子と前記第7スイッチング素子と前記第8スイッチング素子のスイッチング周波数は、前記共振コンデンサと前記共振インダクタと前記1次巻線が形成する共振回路の共振周波数より大きい、請求項1に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記第2入出力端子の電圧を降圧して前記第1入出力端子から出力する際に最大負荷電流が前記第1入出力端子に流れる時に時比率が所定の値に最も近づくような設定スイッチング周波数が前記第2入出力端子の電圧の値に対応して予め決定されており、
前記制御回路は、前記第2入出力端子の電圧を降圧して前記第1入出力端子から出力する際に前記第2入出力端子の前記電圧に応じて前記設定スイッチング周波数を設定するように動作する、請求項1に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。 - 前記時比率の前記所定の値は50%である、請求項8に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
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US14/654,514 US9356523B2 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-09-26 | DC-to-DC converter |
EP13869546.5A EP2940848B1 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-09-26 | Dc-to-dc converter |
JP2014554073A JP6209744B2 (ja) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-09-26 | Dc/dcコンバータ |
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US20150333634A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
EP2940848A4 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
EP2940848B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
JPWO2014103105A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
EP2940848A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
US9356523B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
JP6209744B2 (ja) | 2017-10-11 |
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